text:
October 27, 2012, - 8:41 pm
Wknd Box Office: The Other Son, Cloud Atlas, Chasing Mavericks, Fun Size, Liberal Arts, Pusher
Sorry I didn't have my reviews up Friday, but with six movie reviews to post and other stuff, I ran short of time before the Jewish Sabbath. So many new movies at theaters this weekend, so few worth seeing (if any at all). And then there's pro-Palestinian propaganda (made by–who else?–leftist Jews), parading as a movie.
* "The Other Son [Le Fils de L'Autre]": You'd think French Jews–who are constantly under deadly attack from Muslims in their own neighborhoods (see Ilan Halimi) and at their own schools (see Toulouse Jewish school)–would have something better to do than to make pro-Palestinian propaganda and fantasy movies. But in the case of Lorraine Levy, the self-hating French Jew who wrote and directed this fictional BS, you would be wrong. Just as you would be wrong in the case of "Cohen Media Group," the name of which kept flashing on my screener DVD of the movie (apparently, Cohen Media Group produced this). So, that means idiotic Jews, named Levy and Cohen, are the propagators of this crap. No surprise. This leftist Jewtopian, moral equivalency movie is, unfortunately, interesting and well made (if slow). But there's nothing real about it. The filmmakers act as if Palestinian Muslims are not Islamic terrorists and Islamic terrorism supporters, but kindly loving people with so much in common with the Jews. It's just baloney, albeit halal baloney. I breathe, eat, and sleep, just like Palestinian Muslims, but our similarities end there. They are Nazi savages, except in this movie. Oh, and did I mention that the Palestinians are the heroes of the movie, who save an innocent Israeli from certain death by stabbing?
An Israeli family (headed by an IDF Colonel) and a Palestinian family learn that their 17-year-old sons were accidentally switched at birth during the first Gulf war, when a scud missile hit near the hospital where they were born and the babies were quickly moved to a safe room at the hospital. The Israelis find out when their son takes his physical to serve in the IDF, as all Israeli Jews are required to do for two years. His blood type makes it impossible that he is the son of those who've been his parents for the last 17 years. It's just not credible that a boy in Western, industrialized Israel–where they have some of the top doctors in the world and where many medial innovations are made–would not have his blood taken at any time from birth until age 17, which makes the entire movie a joke. But, as with all other things connected with reality, the filmmakers don't let facts like this get in the way of their cinematic screed.
Soon, both families learn of the mistake, meet each other, and–miracle of miracles!–are both fluent in French with strong connections to that country. They have soooo much in common! YAY!
The nebbishly-looking Israeli son is a hippie who wants to become a musician. Upon learning he's a Palestinian, goes to the rabbi to ask if he is Jewish. The rabbi says no and that he must go through a Jewish conversion. In contrast, he then goes to the West Bank to hang out with the Palestinians who gave birth to him, where they welcome him. He and they sing an Arab song and are all happy together. We are the world, we are the children. Blah, blah, blah, blah. The good-looking Palestinian son, who is really a Jew, has just returned from France, where he is in medical school. He gets a pass to go to Israel and meets up with his Israeli counterpart on the beach, where he is unsuccessful at selling ice cream. The Palestinian (really a Jew) asks if he can sell it, and he's very, very successful. His Palestinian brother, at first, tells him he hates him because he is a Jew and not Muslim blood, but, then he joins his brother (who is really a Jew), on the beach of Israel and they save the Jewish son (who is really a Palestinian) from being stabbed to death on the beach. Oh, the humane Palestinian heroes who risk their lives to save the Jew! If only that actually happened in real life. Sadly, it doesn't. Even more sad, they are usually rushing to rip apart and murder the Jews. Also, the Israeli soldiers at the checkpoint harass the Palestinian son (who is really a Jew), by looking into the car to see what he looks like and making rude comments. We also hear constant banter from the Palestinians about how bad the JOOOS are, how "they took our land," and other bullcrap.
In fact, a better, more realistic movie on "switches" in the Arab Muslim and Jewish worlds would be a movie about a milion Jews who had homes and property in all of the Muslim nations, but their houses and property were stolen from them after they were kicked out by the Muslims. But don't expect anyone named Levy or Cohen to be making any such movie anytime soon, when they can specialize in Jewish self-hatred instead and know they will have all the financing and distribution for such films.
Like I said, the movie is leftist Jewtopian fantasy that has nothing to do with real life. But the ghost of Yasser Arafat is laughing all the way to his next session with one of his 72 male virgins.
FOUR MARXES PLUS FOUR ARAFATS PLUS FOUR NOAM CHOMSKYS (for the Excessive Jewish Self-Hatred Involved in Making This Movie)
Watch the trailer . . .
* "Cloud Atlas": When I watched this horrible and horribly long movie, I kept thinking, "Help! I've been locked in the Church of Scientology movie studio, and I can't get out!" No, it's not made by Scientologists, but it might as well be. It has that science fiction, absurdist, New Age vibe throughout and makes no sense. It's like something L. Ron Hubbard might have written. The movie is high on style–costumes/wardrobe, sets, and definitely make-up–but absolutely empty on plot. It's six separate stories set in different times over a period of 500 years, and all six stories are diced and sliced and plopped together, cutting back and forth between them in no particular order. The same actors–stars Tom Hanks and Halle Berry–are in all six stories. And it's just ridiculous. I laughed out loud, mostly at times that humor was clearly not intended by the filmmakers. It's just that absurd. And none of the stories are interesting in the least. None of them are even really fully realized or resolved either.
Nearly three hours long, this is boring and silly to the max. Don't waste your time and money on this overhyped, expensive piece of excrement. This movie is a joke. Sadly, the joke's on you if you paid with money and time to see it.
FOUR MARXES PLUS FOUR CRYSTALS (For Excessive New Age Claptrap)
Watch the trailer . . .
* "Chasing Mavericks": I had mixed feelings about this movie It's not violent, doesn't have sex in it, and it's fine to take your kids and whole family to see. Plus, the main character in the movie is a good kid who works hard and avoids drugs. On the other hand, it's about a kid who sneaks out to learn to surf a dangerous, giant wave, and risks his life (and his alcoholic mother encourages him to do it, even though the chance of death is great). Plus, it's based on a true story, and in real life (and in the movie), the kid dies later on, diving in other water, so I'm not sure what the point was. And, while I didn't like that in this, as with typical Hollywood fare, the boy's father abandoned him, there is another father figure in the form of the man (Gerard Butler) who teaches this kid how to surf and is a good disciplinarian. I did like that. The kid (Cooper Timberline) who plays the main character as a young kid (at age eight) was very, very cute and heroically saves the dog of the girl he likes. Plus, the surfing scenes were very cool.
The story: Jay Moriarity (Jonny Weston, who resembles '80s star Christopher Atkins) is a young kid living in Santa Cruz. At age eight, he almost drowns trying to save the dog of the older girl on whom he has a crush. He is saved by a neighbor (Gerard Butler), who is a surfer and a contractor. Soon, the neighbor is teaching him how to surf, and, now, at age 15, he's become a great surfer but wants more. One day, he follows his neighbor to a secluded beach miles away and sees his neighbor and a few others surfing giant waves that were then thought to be a myth. The waves are known as "Mavericks." Moriarty convinces his neighbor to train him for this death defying feat. Meanwhile, Moriarty's mother (Elisabeth Shue) is a neglectful alcoholic, who is always losing her job. So, Moriarty works at a pizza joint to make money and pay for surfing-related and other expenses. All the while he pines for the girl whose dog he saved, as they remain great friends. He is also trying to avoid the bad kids who do drugs.
The movie has some great messages about working hard and overcoming obstacles and bad circumstances. But, again, it also teaches kids to take dangerous risks.
The movie was a little slow, but it is somewhat uplifting.
Watch the trailer . . .
* "Fun Size": I found this movie long, boring, derivative, and appalling because it has blatant sexual themes, even though it is made by Nickelodeon and aimed at tweens and young teens. Plus it co-stars the absolutely annoying Chelsea Handler as the mom. Uggh.
A teen girl (Victoria Justice) gets invited to the Halloween party of a popular guy in school. But her immature mother, who is dating a man twenty years younger than the mother, insists on going to her boyfriend's Halloween party and forcing her teen daughter to babysit her brother, the mother's young son. The teen girl then loses her brother and spends the rest of the night with two nerds in their car, trying to find the lost brother. The movie is chock full of bad jokes, sexual humor, and obnoxious but not funny scenes, such as when a giant robotic chicken falls off the roof of a fast food joint and simulates having sex with the car it falls on. This is for kids? Sadly, that's at whom it is aimed. I've seen a gazillion other, better babysitting movies from which this borrows heavily. The only funny part–and it wasn't that funny–is when one of the nerdy kids takes everyone to his pretentious two (lesbian) moms' house, and one of the moms discusses the other mom's third Ph.D. in "pre-natal psychology." That probably went over the heads of anyone seeing this crap. Anyone who is smart enough to get that shouldn't be wasting his/her time and money at this movie. It ain't aimed at them.
Watch the trailer . . .
* "Liberal Arts": I had mixed feelings about this movie, too, though I mostly hated it. It's long, slow, and boring. On the other hand, I liked the message, that if you are a 35-year-old trying to "date" (euphemism) 19-year-old college students, it's time to grow up. Long past time. Didn't need this movie or it's long way of saying that short message, though.
Writer, director, and star Josh Radnor plays a 35-year-old Kenyon College grad living and working in New York City. He and his girlfriend (or wife–they don't tell you) have just broken up, and he's depressed. He returns to Kenyon for the retirement party of his favorite professor, a Marxist nutjob. There, he meets a 19-year-old, pretentious, beautiful daughter (Elizabeth Olsen) of the professor's friends. She's a freshman at Kenyon, and they begin dating. She tells him she's a virgin and wants him to take her virginity, but he pulls back, knowing it's not right. He also realizes that it's time to grow up and settle down with someone his own age. That's a rare thing from Hollywood, and I should applaud it. But still, I found the movie boring and a little annoying. Sorry.
Watch the trailer . . .
* "Pusher": As with many such movies from England, I needed a translator for some of the fast cockney dialogue in this. A lower-level London drug dealer owes a lot of money to a Russian mobster kingpin because of a drug deal gone bad. He needs a lot of cash fast to pay the kingpin back or he will be murdered. He has a lot of drug user loser friends from whom he's desperately trying to collect the cash. A drug dealer's life is rough. Gee, thanks for the tip. Nothing new here that you haven't seen in a million other garbage movies on the same topic, even though lead actor Richard Coyle is very good. And I didn't need to see the torture and blood. No thanks.
Watch the trailer . . .
Tags: Chasing Mavericks, Chasing Mavericks movie, Chasing Mavericks movie review, Chasing Mavericks review, Chelsea Handler, Christopher Atkins, Cloud Atlas, Cloud Atlas movie, Cloud Atlas movie review, Cloud Atlas review, Cohen Media Group, Cooper Timberline, drug dealer, Elisabeth Shue, Elizabeth Olsen, France, French jews, Fun Size, Fun Size movie, Fun Size movie review, Fun Size review, Gerard Butler, Halle Berry, Israel, Israeli, Jay Moriarity, Jay Moriarty, Jews, Jonny Weston, Josh Radnor, Kenyon College, Le Fils de L'Autre, Le Fils de L'Autre movie, Le Fils de L'Autre movie review, Le Fils de L'Autre review, Liberal Arts, Liberal Arts movie, Liberal Arts movie review, Liberal Arts review, Lorraine Levy, movie, movie review, Movie Reviews, Muslims, Nickelodeon, Palestinians, Pusher, Pusher movie, Pusher movie review, Pusher review, Richard Coyle, Santa Cruz, The Other Son, The Other Son movie, The Other Son Movie REview, The Other Son Review, Tom Hanks, Victoria Justice


text:
By Jove, I think she's got it.
You could almost hear Professor Henry Higgins' exclamation from "My Fair Lady" echoing around the grandstands at Martinsville Speedway, as Danica Patrick fought for position.
To those watching Sunday's STP Gas Booster 500, it was abundantly clear that Patrick had found the rhythm of the .526-mile short track, one of the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series' most difficult to master.
Consider the following:
Race winner Jimmie Johnson, who claimed his eighth grandfather clock trophy on Sunday, finished 35th in his 2002 Martinsville debut.
Three-time Cup champion Tony Stewart ran 20th the first time he attempted a Cup race at Martinsville.
Ryan Newman, who won last year's spring race, came home 41st in his first Martinsville Cup race.
Juan Pablo Montoya, who like Patrick came to Cup racing from an open-wheel background, was 16th in his first try at the paper clip.
Short-track ace Kyle Busch was 39th in his Martinsville debut. Brother Kurt Busch was only slightly better — 37th. Dale Earnhardt Jr. was 26th, Carl Edwards 24th, Kevin Harvick 34th, Clint Bowyer 22nd, Kasey Kahne 21st and Matt Kenseth 21st, respectively, when they made their first visits to the rural Virginia track.
The list goes on. The bottom line is that, of the 42 other drivers in the field on Sunday, only two recorded higher finishes than Patrick in their first trips to Martinsville. Mark Martin ran third in 1981 and Jeff Gordon was eighth in 1993. That's it.
For the sake of full disclosure, let's add that Brad Keselowski and Bobby Labonte also came home 12th in their Martinsville openers. And as a footnote, sidelined Denny Hamlin, out with a compression fracture of his first lumbar vertebra, matched Gordon's eighth-place finish when he first tackled Martinsville in 2005.
Nevertheless, Patrick's performance left her in elite company.
Nor was it a fluke. True, Patrick had qualified 32nd after a bobble in Turn 3 on the money lap cost her precious hundredths of a second. Nevertheless, Patrick's crew chief, Tony Gibson, expressed surprise at how quickly Patrick had adapted to a track some drivers never understand.
The winning crew chief for Newman in last year's spring race, Gibson put a car under Patrick that could roll the center of the corners with enough drive off to complete a pass. And pass she did. Patrick started dead last in the field because of an engine change after Saturday practice.
On Lap 16, she spun in Turn 3. Before she found her rhythm, Patrick was two laps down, but taking advantage of wave-arounds during two proximate cautions, she was back on the lead lap.
Over the last 200 laps, she battled with some of the best in the business, including Stewart, her car owner, giving the boss no quarter when he was trapped in the outside lane. Patrick was the highest finisher from Stewart-Haas Racing, beating Stewart (17th) and Newman, who ran 31st after recurring tire problems (and after drawing a three-lap penalty for causing a caution by stopping on the track).
NASCAR's loop data statistics show Patrick making 51 green-flag passes throughout the race, 17th most in the field. That number would have been higher, had Patrick not defended her position so effectively. With the exception of one late restart from the outside lane, Patrick remained in the top 20 after getting there.
Furthermore, Patrick's pass differential (passing vs. getting passed) was plus-23, tied for third best in the field.
Patrick will admit that she felt more comfortable testing the limits of her car running 95-mph laps at Martinsville, as opposed to 190-mph laps at an intermediate downforce track. Nevertheless, her performance Sunday should be enough to make even her harshest critics reevaluate her potential in the Sprint Cup Series.
For on Sunday, Patrick was not merely a footnote as the first female driver to run a Cup race at Martinsville.
She was simply a driver, adroit and competitive, and that's as it should be.
- NASCAR to debut new short track package at Phoenix - February 28, 2023
- The Wrench Who Stole Racing - December 16, 2022
- Matt DiBenedetto's excellent run comes to abrupt, violent end - February 17, 2019

subset: commoncrawl


text:
With Joyeux Noël, French writer-director Christian Carion old-fashions the true story of the 1914 Christmas truce into sentimental melodrama. Clunky, heavily fictionalized exposition eventually yields to a suite of scenes set at one spot on the front. There, the operatic sounds of a German tenor meet Scottish bagpipes and lead to a laying down of arms for Christmas Eve and Day.
The opera singer is Nikolaus Sprink (Benno Fürmann), who—finding the lush comfort of a Berlin holiday party unbearable—takes his lady love (Diane Kruger) with him to the trenches, where he can entertain the troops on Christmas Eve. There, German commander Horstmayer (Daniel Bruhl), French lieutenant Audebert (Guillaume Canet), and Scottish priest Palmer (Gary Lewis) mutually enable the unlikely cease fire.
Carion understandably conflates truce stories that took place all along the front (and invents others), the better to develop his international cast of characters. Unfortunately, he foregoes true grit and pushes too hard for dramatic effects, encouraging twitchy overacting and preachy overstatement (Ian Richardson, as a nasty bishop, chews off the biggest hunk of raw meat in a demonstration of misguided religious righteousness).
The story of Joyeux Noël is a genuinely inspiring one of shared humanity and the common denominators luckily, briefly found here in music and faith. But it's easy to imagine the story being told more effectively with less labor. The best of Joyeux Noël is understated: Bruhl's ruefulness, Canet's steady rationality, and Sprink's pithy summation "To die tomorrow is even more absurd than yesterday."


text:
- Internal
- Government
- Departments
- Public Library
- Teen Services
- Teen Resources
- Finding the Right College
Now that you have decided to go to college, how are you going to afford it? Here are some great ways to get money for your college experience. Start with finding free money first. Grants and scholarships allow for you to receive financial assistance without taking out loans and paying back the government. Here are some helpful websites that will help you pay for your education.
Finding the Right College!
The College Board Planning for college - What to do in high school, taking the tests and dates, (online registration for SAT), finding the right college, and getting into college.
Peterson's College Search Search different types of colleges and learn about how to pick the right college for you.
Learning Express
Learning Express offers an extensive collection of practice tests, exercises, skill-building courses, and other information in a variety of academic and career-related fields.
Practice for the SAT or ACT, prepare for the corrections officer exam and other career-related exams, practice for the GED or GRA, prepare for the US Citizenship test, or choose from a multitude of other courses.
Skill-building exercises are also available for children in elementary - high school. Each test offers full explanations and analysis of your scores. Your login for Learning Express is your library card number.


text:
The Blair Witch Project
Directors/Writers: | Daniel Myrick and Eduardo Sanchez |
Artisian Entertainment; 87 minutes; R | |
Release: | 7/99 |
Cast: | Heather Donahue, Michael Williams, Joshua Leonard |
The Blair Witch Project is an incredibly scary movie scrapped together by two men fresh out of film school, with virtually no cast, budget, or special effects. Fear of the unknown, of rising panic in presences felt but not seen yield much more dread and primal tension than commonplace computer-generated monstrosities. Add a heavy dose of creativity (especially given the limitations of a small budget) and The Blair Witch Project emerges as one of the most promising films in recent memory.
The premise is this: a three-person documentary film crew heads to the Maryland woods to make a quick piece about a grim local legend — Blair Witch. What begins with goofy behind-the-scenes footage of the filmmakers romping around and interviewing locals quickly darkens as the crew gets lost in the forest and the film builds with insidious malignant momentum. Ominous augers accumulate into horrible episodes. The audience only sees what the crew "filmed"; the low-budget documentary style actually enhances the fear and insures The Blair Witch Project's raw visceral punch. Nightmarish scenes involving sheer darkness, blurry camera movements, eerie sounds, and psychological breakup — all used here to perfection — are just the beginning. Projected nightmares to make Hitchcock proud.


text:
SCHUYLER DIXON, AP Sports Writer
DALLAS (AP) — Monta Ellis started his Dallas career with 32 points, Dirk Nowitzki scored 24 and the Mavericks spoiled Mike Budenholzer's coaching debut with a 118-109 victory over the Atlanta Hawks on Wednesday night.
The Mavericks hit seven 3-pointers to pull away in the fourth quarter, including two in a row from Nowitzki followed by one from Ellis for a 118-102 lead with 1:18 remaining.
Ellis joined the Mavericks with questions about his efficiency on offense, but answered those concerns at least for one night. He was 11 of 17 from the field and had eight assists. The only downside was seven turnovers.
Nowitzki finished 8 of 14, including 4 of 6 from beyond the arc, after missing last year's opener and the next 26 games following right knee surgery.
Jeff Teague led Atlanta with 24 in Budenholzer's first game, which came against a familiar opponent since he was a longtime assistant to Gregg Popovich in San Antonio.
The Mavericks opened with a win over an Eastern Conference playoff qualifier from last season after they missed the postseason in the West for the first time since Nowitzki's second season in 2000.
Until Nowitzki and Ellis put it away, the Hawks stayed close in their first game without Josh Smith since he left in free agency.
Teague also had nine assists, and Paul Millsap finished with 20 points on 9-of-15 shooting operating inside. DeMarre Carroll had 14, and Al Horford scored 11.
Jose Calderon, Ellis' new backcourt mate and another of the nine new faces in Dallas, struggled offensively until the fourth quarter, when his first field goal was a 3-pointer that answered one on the other end by Carroll to put Dallas up 107-97.
Calderon had five points and a game-high 11 assists, including one on an alley-oop dunk by Vince Carter that started a 17-2 run to put Dallas ahead 84-72 late in the third quarter. Carter added a 3-pointer from several feet behind the arc later in the run to extend his streak to 26 games with at least one from long range dating to last season.
Cartier Martin hit a 3-pointer to pull Atlanta within 84-76 going in the fourth quarter.
Nowitzki looked comfortable right away, making his first three shots and getting a couple of assists early before finishing the first half with 13 points.
Ellis had a game-high 15 points before the break with a mix of jumpers and drives to the basket. But he had two of his four first-half turnovers during a 7-0 Atlanta run that pulled the Hawks even at 47-all.
The Hawks held the first lead at 2-0 for 25 seconds, but didn't go in front again until Millsap scored for a 55-53 lead with 11 seconds left in the first half.
NOTES: Atlanta G Dennis Schroder of Germany made his debut against Nowitzki, just as Nowitzki did on Feb. 5, 1999, against the German star at that time, Detlef Schrempf. Nowitzki was 20 when he played that game in Seattle, just as Schroder is now. Schroder was the No. 17 pick in this year's draft by the Hawks. He had five points and five assists. … Nowitzki became the 27th player in league history with 40,000 minutes played. He needed 25 and finished with 33.


text:
The global legal marijuana market is expected to reach $146 billion by end of 2025, according to a new report by California-based research company Grand View Research. Growing adoption of marijuana in several medical applications such as cancer, mental disorders, chronic pain and others is expected to propel the revenue growth in the near future.
Legal marijuana has started gaining traction worldwide due to very high demand among consumers and increasing legalization of recreational or medical marijuana in various countries. High public and private investment for research and the development of safer forms of consuming marijuana such as tinctures, oils, vaporizers and edibles are expected to positively reinforce market growth.
The number of conditions treated using medical marijuana is growing rapidly, and as new patients are added to the market, the demand for medical marijuana is expected to increase multiple folds over the forecast period. Countries like Canada and the U.S. are moving towards legalization of marijuana for recreational purposes. This in turn is expected to create a large shift in demand from medical to recreational marijuana. Lengthy purchase and approval process for medical marijuana and ease of availability of recreational marijuana is expected to trigger this this change.
Further key finding from the report:
• The U.S. legal marijuana market size was estimated at $7.06 billion in 2016 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 24.9% from 2017 to 2025
• Medical marijuana emerged as the largest marijuana segment in 2016 and is estimated to be valued at $100.03 billion by 2025
• By product type, the marijuana flower segment was found to be dominant in 2016 with revenue share of 62.9% and is estimated to be valued at $82.9 billion by end of 2025
The legal marijuana market is witnessing strong technological and information exchange. Countries like Canada, the U.S., Germany and Australia are expected to emerge as leading markets in terms of sale, whereas countries like Israel are focusing on research and technology development and are leveraging on knowledge transfer.


text:
California is one of four states that would be most affected if the DREAM Act becomes law. That's the path to citizenship for children brought to this country as minors by illegal parents--who were raised here--but who can't work here legally after they come of age. Is it both humane and good for the local economy—or a grant of "amnesty" for teenagers who knew what they were doing and ought to be sent home? Also, D.J. Waldie retires from the City of Lakewood. On our rebroadcast of today's To the Point, poverty in America increased last year to 44 million people. One longtime advocate calls it a "national emergency." Will Washington treat it that way? How many poor people vote?
Banner image: Carlos A. Quiroz.


text:
Bolt-on Hardware Systems from Easy Brackets! The Easy Brackets System is a clean mount bolt-on system, has its own built-in locking mechanism (versus a padlock based system) and angles out less from the bike versus other brackets systems. (5 degrees versus 10 degrees) . All necessary hardware required to mount the brackets to your motorcycle is provided with your order. You do not need to purchase saddlebag guards or other saddlebag support hardware. The kit comes with four (4) electro-polished stainless steel docking posts and bolts that mount to your motorcycle fender rail. (The docking posts and bolts are electro-polished to give them an attractive chrome-like look.)
Because we make our Easy Brackets specifically for your Indian motorcycle model, you will receive all of the correct hardware with your order. The docking posts and bolts are especially designed to work perfectly with your Indian motorcycle, eliminating the hassles of adding spacing washers to either line up the docking posts or to achieve a good, tight fit.
Simply replace your existing fender mounting bolts with longer bolts (provided) and then the docking posts. The brackets then permanently mount to the back of the saddlebags (all mounting hardware provided); the bracket / saddlebag then slides onto the docking posts and secures into place with the built-in, covered, barrel lock. To remove, simply unlock and lift the saddlebags off. (Be sure to check out our handy Easy-Totes that convert your saddlebags into an easy to carry piece of luggage.)
Easy Brackets are made from high-quality 10 to 12 gauge steel and are equipped with a barrel key locking mechanism. This barrel key lock provides extra security and increased safety when the saddlebags are mounted on the motorcycle.
These wonderful bolt-on saddlebag supports provide easy on-off latching for your bags. You don't need an engineering degree or a dedicated afternoon to install. Other than a drill (to drill the holes in your bags), the Easy Brackets do not require any special tools. Most hard, flat back saddlebags work with Easy Brackets. Each side has a carrying capacity of 15 lbs. If you have a detachable backrest and/or luggage rack, simply purchase the correct Easy Bracket kit depending on your situation, or if one isn't directly available, notify us or your dealer so we can ensure the correct hardware is sent with your order-- no need to order additional, costly, adapter kits.


text:
• namby-pamby •
Pronunciation: næm-bi-pæm-bi • Hear it!
Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning: 1. (UK) A syrupy, sentimental, insipid or childish person. 2. (US) A weak-kneed, fearful and indecisive person, lacking willpower.
Notes: It should come as no surprise to anyone that many whimsical derivations have devolved naturally from this word. We might expect the adjective namby-pambyish and the noun, namby-pambiness (watch for the shift of Y to I). However, various writers have suggested namby-pambical "like a namby-pamby" and a noun, namby-pambics "the behavior of a namby-pamby".
In Play: Although the meaning of this word is demeaning, the humor in it reduces its bite, allowing it to be used on friends and loved ones: "Ben and Eileen Dover are such namby-pambies they never go to baseball games for fear of being hit by a foul ball." Outside the US, this word can apply to people who are simply mushy and sentimental: "That old namby-pamby loves watching old romantic movies on the classic movie channel."
Word History: Namby-pamby began its life as a disparaging imitation of a childish pronunciation of the first name of Ambrose Philips (1675-1749), author of sentimental poems for and about children. Philips was ridiculed by Henry Carey and Alexander Pope, especially in Carey's satiric poem Namby Pamby, which appeared in 1726. The word is a rhyming compound, a particularly whimsical kind of wordplay that combines a real word with a nonsense word that rhymes with it. We've seen such in collywobbles, flibbertigibbet, fuddy-duddy, and hocus-pocus so far, but dozens of others lounge about the English lexicon.
P.S. - Register for the Daily Good Word E-Mail! - You can get our daily Good Word sent directly to you via e-mail in either HTML or Text format. Go to our Registration Page to sign up today!


text:
There will be several challenges ahead for President Obama as he deals with a new Congress and a House controlled by Republicans. How will the new political dynamic on Capitol Hill affect the White House? What new faces will Obama bring in to his administration to help shape his policies on the economy and Afghanistan? What can he accomplish with the 2012 election already on the horizon? Also, Denmark and Sweden arrest five in an "imminent" terror plot, and the story of Vivian Maier, who worked as a nanny for families on Chicago's North Shore for nearly 40 years -- and made what are being called some of the most remarkable street photos of the 20th century. Sara Terry guest hosts.
Banner image: Pete Souza/The White House via Getty Images


text:
On 27 April 1899, Wyman suddenly transferred Kinyoun to run the enormous 32-building complex of the San Francisco quarantine station, the largest and most complete in the nation, if not the world (37). He replaced Kinyoun as Hygienic Laboratory director with his friend, Milton J. Rosenau (1869–1946). This sudden transfer was part of a general shake-up in MHS assignments involving a number of officers that was undertaken for unknown reasons. Despite appearances, Wyman's transfer of Kinyoun might not have constituted a lack of confidence in him. The previous year, Wyman had fought the Treasury Department to extend Kinyoun's directorship while strongly supporting (18) his promotion to Surgeon at the (supposedly) (36) record-breaking young age of 38. (This often-repeated claim of a record-setting youthful promotion is perhaps an exaggeration, as at least one MHS officer, William Henry Marsh [1851–1942], appears to have been promoted to Surgeon before age 35). In addition, plague—the most feared of all pandemic diseases—had been spreading globally for several years. Like most experts, Kinyoun and Wyman believed plague cases would eventually arrive at U.S. ports—especially San Francisco, which received heavy ship traffic from Asian cities with ongoing epidemics—and that only vigilant quarantine could keep the plague out. The horrific ongoing Asian epidemics, which were killing thousands, and remembrance of the 14th century's Black Death, raised the specter of unimaginable devastation if plague ever reached American shores. Kinyoun had predicted plague's eventual arrival in the United States as early as 1895, and had begun a plague research program in 1896, which he pursued even more energetically after receiving a strain obtained from China via the U.S. Navy in 1897 (18). Since 1897, Wyman had been writing and speaking about plague as an ultimate test for the MHS. Sending his top scientist to the front lines may have appeared necessary. Subsequent events, however, led Kinyoun to doubt Wyman's motives, and the issue is clouded by other ambiguities in the puzzling relationship between Kinyoun and Wyman. The prevailing belief among historians is that a troubled relationship between the two men led Wyman to demote his top scientist, a belief consistent with Kinyoun's later criticism of Wyman and Wyman's reluctance to ever again mention him by name. But the full facts surrounding Kinyoun's reassignment and subsequent MHS career remain unknown.
The events that unfolded in San Francisco from 1899 to 1901—still being researched and written about more than a century later—represent one of the most infamous chapters in U.S. public health history (25, 27, 54–77) and the only part of Kinyoun's life that is somewhat known (albeit filtered through and distorted by the vicious politics, racism, and rampant yellow journalism that colored the era) (68). After a farewell dinner put on by Washington's medical elite (38, 78), Kinyoun arrived in San Francisco to learn that a "plague ship" was bound from Honolulu. Although Kinyoun found no plague on board, two similar scares followed within the next few weeks. The second of these (4 August 1899) ignited a long simmering feud between California and the federal government (37). Legislation in 1893 had given the MHS authority to work cooperatively with local quarantine officials, an ambiguous situation that most states were happy to accept as long as they received expensive/technically demanding federal quarantine services "for free." In California, however, quarantine had long become a "states' rights" issue, precipitating recurring dockside and courtroom confrontations. Wyman's order to "pay no attention to" (79) California quarantine officials put Kinyoun squarely at odds with combative California Governor Henry Tifft Gage (1852–1924), who threatened the MHS and U.S. customs officials with armed force and lawsuits.
In the middle of these disputes, Kinyoun learned that plague had broken out in Honolulu, making it inevitable that "infected" ships would soon be arriving in San Francisco. In the meantime, he had to handle two smallpox epidemics in U.S. Army troops returned from Manila, suffer four recurrent episodes of appendicitis (11), and inspect hundreds of arriving Asian immigrants for excludable diseases and deformities, an American practice dating back at least to 1700. In December 1900, he would have to make a difficult decision about one such potential Japanese immigrant with a severe hand deformity. For some reason, Kinyoun overlooked this young man's otherwise excludable condition and authorized his immigration. The man, Hideyo Noguchi (1874–1928), became Kinyoun's friend and eventually an acclaimed microbiologist. In 1913, Noguchi elucidated the cause of syphilis and, like Walter Reed, would probably have won the Nobel Prize had he not died at an early age.
As the MHS mobilized to control the Honolulu epidemic, Kinyoun began quarantining all arriving vessels from the four current "plague ports"—Honolulu, Sydney, Hong Kong, and Kobe, Japan—simultaneously supporting the Board of Health in "cleaning up" San Francisco's Chinatown through trash removal, rodenticidal fumigation of sewers and houses with sulfur dioxide—which, unfortunately, tarnished silver, leading to rumors of intentional poisoning, further diminishing the credibility of the MHS—and whitewashing/disinfection of homes by scrubbing with lye or bichloride of mercury. The focus on Chinatown reflected the belief—correct as it turned out—that if plague arrived, it would be imported by Chinese visitors and that most or all cases would be in Chinese visitors or local Chinese residents. Plague epidemiology was poorly understood in 1899, although an association with rats was known and flea transmission postulated. Because plague was a "disease of place," featuring serial case clusters in one or a few buildings over prolonged time periods, public health efforts focused on identifying "infectious" foci and cleaning them up with disinfection and fumigation, or even burning them down with compensation to owners. On January 20, one such "controlled fire" got out of control and burned down Honolulu's Chinatown (80), a tragedy that greatly alarmed San Francisco's 25,000 Chinese residents.
A plague case in San Francisco on 6 March 1900, carefully confirmed by Kinyoun as the first ever on U.S. soil, was national news that caused near hysteria, drawing Kinyoun and the MHS into a fight they were well prepared to meet scientifically but ill prepared to meet politically (54, 81, 82). San Francisco's mayor and Board of Health immediately placed Chinatown within a police cordon sanitaire, but backed off in the face of legal challenges by a Chinese cultural association allied with California businessmen and politicians. Seemingly everyone got into the fights that followed, with local and national medical and public health experts on one side, and California's governor, allied politicians, Chinese and Western businessmen, and "muckraking" newspapers on the other. Gage repeatedly accused Kinyoun of malicious intent, declaring plague a ruse concocted by Kinyoun and the San Francisco Board of Health to blackmail the city for public health funds (83). In the California legislature, it was suggested that Kinyoun be hanged (84). As plague cases mounted, control efforts and house-to-house inspections and treatments were thwarted by residents, especially Chinese, who understandably resented being discriminated against. An obscure film shot by C. Fred Ackerman of the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company shows health officials led by a uniformed health officer who was apparently also staging the scene (questionably Kinyoun or another MHS officer), inspecting Chinatown around noon on 15 September 1900, with the camera looking north from Washington Street up Washington Place to Jackson Street (Figure 20) (85). Kinyoun repeatedly advised Wyman against overly stringent public health measures, but nevertheless carried out all orders. Historians have credited Kinyoun with prescience in advising California to concentrate control efforts on killing rats rather than emphasizing quarantine and isolation. On May 15, with 11 indigenous Chinese cases already confirmed and many more hidden cases suspected, Kinyoun, with Board of Health support, declared an epidemic (57, 59).
By this time, Wyman was calling the shots via daily urgent telegrams from Washington, working with Kinyoun to get prophylactic Haffkine serum (a preventive vaccine named after its developer, Waldemar Mordecai Wolff Haffkine [1860–1930]) from his Pasteur-based friend Émile Roux, and obtaining from President William McKinley authorization to implement 1893 interstate quarantine provisions, requiring health certificates for Chinese and Japanese persons within the epidemic zone to travel to other states unless they had been vaccinated. (Some states set up entry restrictions of their own.) Because most Chinatown residents were foreign subjects under the jurisdiction of the State Department, having long been legally prevented from acquiring citizenship, Governor Gage countered by lobbying Secretary of State John M. Hay (1838–1905) to influence U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Lyman J. Gage (1836–1927), Wyman and Kinyoun's boss, to end the quarantine. (Secretary Gage, unrelated to Governor Gage, was a man who Kinyoun knew intimately enough to refer to as "Lyman" in his correspondence [11].) Chinese residents got a restraining order in federal district court and brought suit against Kinyoun (86) before William W. Morrow (1843–1929)—a former U.S. congressman and trustee of Washington, DC's Carnegie Institution, a (later) incorporator of the American Red Cross, and in 1900, U.S. District Judge for the Northern District of California—for ostensibly overstepping federal orders. Bailhache, perhaps better positioned to understand that Kinyoun was being made a scapegoat, urged that he get outside counsel, which he did not (11).
Figure 20. Still image from a 60-second film taken in San Francisco's Chinatown, midday, September 15, 1900, by C. Fred Ackerman of the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company (85). The film, a paper print, is titled Scene from Chinatown (Library of Congress Paper Print Collection, H30730). The camera is looking North, from Washington Street up Washington Place to Jackson Street. The entire scene appears to have been staged for the camera, and is believed by the Library of Congress to be of a health inspection team. The man in the center of the image (above; a still frame from the film, at 22 seconds) has at this point walked back and forth across the street in front of the camera, obviously directing the film, and later heads toward the camera; he has not been conclusively identified but careful examination and measurements in individual frames indicate that he is bearded and wears a uniform with cap, insignia, buttons, and coat that is consistent with MHS uniforms of the day.
Even so, Kinyoun, fully expecting to be found guilty, was exonerated when honest prosecuting attorneys "switched sides" and petitioned the judge to admit withheld evidence about the nature of his orders, which established his innocence (37). This reversal seems to have coincided with a chance meeting between Kinyoun and Judge Morrow on the ferry to Tiburon (11). By Kinyoun's account, his off-the-cuff presentation of the facts of the case during this encounter convinced Judge Morrow that he had been duped by the Governor and District Attorney (11), and that Kinyoun was being made a scapegoat by the intentional withholding of key evidence. After Kinyoun's acquittal, he seems to have maintained a friendship with Morrow, who even requested that Kinyoun help him rat-proof his house using the new rodenticidal "Danysz virus" just obtained from Roux (11). ("Danysz [or Danyz; or Pasteur] virus," actually the bacterium now known as Salmonella enteritidis, was among the first microorganisms ever employed for biological species control; it remained in use as a rodenticide in Europe at least into the 1950s.)
The national and California medical and public health establishments and most of the national press supported Kinyoun and the MHS; The Journal of the American Medical Association repeatedly editorialized on his behalf. Most of the San Francisco press was scathingly anti-Kinyoun and anti-MHS (Figure 21), calling Kinyoun "stupid and malignant" (87) and repeatedly claiming perpetration of a "plague fake," even as plague case totals mounted. Among such important issues as state sovereignty, civil rights of minorities, and public health police powers, this was the first time that the authority of microbiology in public decision making had been put on national trial. Wyman now listened to the suggestion of his old friend Welch and called in an outside commission of national bacteriology experts to investigate: Simon Flexner (1863–1946; University of Pennsylvania), Lewellys F. Barker (1867–1943; University of Chicago, who would soon thereafter replace Sir William Osler [1849–1919] at Johns Hopkins), and Frederick G. Novy (1864–1957; University of Michigan) (88), with whom Kinyoun had already begun a scientific collaboration by sending him San Francisco plague isolates and tissue samples (Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan, Frederick George Novy Collection, Box 1, correspondence; reference 18).
When the commission fully confirmed Kinyoun's findings (88), Governor Gage and California politicians suppressed the report for several months. Secretary Gage countered with a threat to deprive California of revenue by closing Army headquarters there and diverting San Francisco-bound Philippine transports to Puget Sound if it did not act upon the MHS/ Flexner Commission findings (89, 90). The standoff was finally resolved in the office of President McKinley, with Secretary Gage, Wyman, and Governor Gage's representatives and with the mediation of California's U.S. Sen. George Clement Perkins (1839–1923), who had long supported federal quarantine: California would let the MHS take over quarantine and plague control if the MHS removed Kinyoun from his post—via a request for reassignment once the scandal died down—and if California did not have to admit that Kinyoun and the MHS had been right about plague all along, thus remaining free to save face by opposing the Flexner Commission findings even as they allowed the MHS to act upon the Commission's recommendations (81).
Figure 21. A cartoon from The San Francisco Call (19 June 1900). A sweat-drenched Kinyoun cowers before Judge Morrow, with a guinea pig, rat, and monkey nearby. These animals, which Kinyoun was using for plague isolation, had become cartoon shorthand for the alleged "plague fake."
One of the Governor's representatives at that meeting, San Francisco Chronicle editor John P. Young, had allegedly announced before departing that when he returned from Washington, "you would see Dr. Kinyoun's scalp dangling at his belt"; immediately after Young's return, Kinyoun was reassigned to Detroit (37).
Kinyoun's private correspondence reveals a far different picture of his role in these events than most historians have described, claiming that even before he went to San Francisco he had advised Surgeon General Wyman that overly aggressive quarantine enforcement might be unconstitutional and would, in any case, be resisted (11). Kinyoun seems to have viewed Wyman as unnecessarily confrontational when his subordinates were in the line of fire but too quick to compromise at their expense when trouble erupted (11, 37). However, when his advice was overlooked or overruled, Kinyoun seems to have always followed orders to the letter, and to have been willing to accept the consequences, as he did in San Francisco. And he endured seemingly endless accusations, however improbable the claims. When a monkey broke into a hotel room in San Francisco and tore up a photograph of a man's girlfriend, the dailies accused Kinyoun of letting loose in the city his Angel Island research primates. He never "blew the whistle" on the many instances of questionable, unethical, or illegal practices he witnessed, including attempts to bribe him. Indeed, in comparing himself to the widow in Goethe's Faust, Kinyoun adopted Mephisto's role in drily humorous comments about her: "I wonder where she is going when she dies," he quipped; "I wont [sic] have her. She knows too much" (11).
Governor Gage finally (albeit temporarily) admitted a plague epidemic in San Francisco, but only with the new accusation that Kinyoun had started it by importing plague bacilli and planting them on cadavers (81, 91). Railing against the importation of what are now called "select agents" (81), Gage guided the passage of new laws against what would now be called bioterrorism (California Assembly bill numbers 558, 559, and 560) (81), which were among the first such laws enacted anywhere. In an irony that must have seemed bewildering, on the sad day of Kinyoun's arranged departure from San Francisco, his public notoriety brought one last tribulation: a charge of attempted murder. A deaf-mute fisherman claimed that Kinyoun, who had once vaccinated him, had directed riflemen to shoot him as he drifted offshore. An arrest warrant was issued; after hiding from authorities by taking sanctuary at an Army installation, Kinyoun finally turned himself in. He was set free when Army testimony revealed that it had been soldiers chasing an escaped prisoner who had fired warning shots at the fisherman, a suspected getaway accomplice, and that Kinyoun had actually intervened to protect him (92). His accuser was unable to identify Kinyoun in any case. Free of courts, jails, and the San Francisco press, Kinyoun left for Detroit on 7 May 1901, after which Wyman allowed him, by prearrangement, a less than urgent trip to Asia to investigate ongoing plague epidemics, visit his old friend Kitasato, and pursue his growing interest in tropical diseases. On his way back, he stopped in the Philippines and codiscovered surra, a new equine disease associated with the previously identified Trypanosoma evansi.
It had been Kinyoun's desire to stay in the MHS, finish his work in San Francisco, and be vindicated, but this hope was not to be realized. Having been sacrificed for the good of the MHS and public health in general, Kinyoun felt that honor required him to resign. (The entire MHS officer corps supported Kinyoun in his trials; his close friend Henry Rose Carter pleaded against resignation: "Don't do it, old man. You are one of the men who helped make this service . . . Believe me . . . your life and good works will never be lost" [18]). Citing a "crusade" against him by California politicians, the Journal of the American Medical Association editorialized: "Dr. Kinyoun's offense was that he simply told the truth, and did not actively go to work to suppress it" (93). But on 1 May 1902, just as plague was making another comeback in San Francisco, Joe Kinyoun became a private citizen. It was, briefly, national news, and among the last times his name would be linked publicly to anything other than endless retellings of the San Francisco scandals. That the events that unfolded in San Francisco troubled him and left him defensive and perhaps embittered is clear from the two lengthy documents he wrote about it (11, 37). Perhaps he took some comfort in remembering what George M. Kober (1850–1931) had said about him at his honorary dinner in 1899: that no one "has contributed more to the reputation of the Marine Hospital Service and helped to place it on a higher scientific plane," adding that "men of this type are rare in this world" (38). He may also have taken some comfort in the outpouring of national support from the medical and public health communities and much of the general public, and from most of the respected California medical community such as John M. Williamson, M.D., President of the San Francisco Board of Health, who wrote of him: "[he] was brutally maligned and scandalously misrepresented by persons desirous of making political capital" (81). A colleague noted that Kinyoun "was more proud of and devoted to" the Hygienic Laboratory than anything else (36). In his parting comments about the Hygienic Laboratory to Bailhache, Kinyoun reflected in 1901 that: ". . . it was through my efforts that the hygienic laboratory was established. My 15 years of work stands for this, and I believe that I can point to it with a little . . . pride . . . There is only one thing [no one] in the Marine Hospital Service can take from me, and that is my professional standing and character" (37). Yet perhaps reflecting on nearly two years worth of remarkable and often outrageous events in San Francisco, in the end he could muse: "It was really a tragic occurrence, but all tragedies are tempered with comedy" (37).


text:
Carl Linnaeus, or Carl von Linné as he later was called, was born on the 13 of May 1707 at Råshult in the parish of Stenbrohult in Småland, Sweden.
His parents were Nils Linnaeus and Christina Brodersonia. Two years after his birth, the family moved to Stenbrohult when his father became a parish priest after his father in law, Samuel Brodersonius, had died.
Carl later got four siblings, Anna Maria, Sophia Juliana, Samuel, who later succeeded his father as a parish priest in Stenbrohult, and Emerentia.
Nils Linnaeus was a devoted amateur botanist and gardener. His enthusiasm was infectious on the young Carl who early in life becomes interested in botany and at the age of 5 got his own garden to take care of. In 1717 Carl began school in Växjö.
His parents had early decided that their son should, like his father, become a priest. Carl was not interested, he preferred to spend his time in the nature. In school therefor he was called "little botanicus". He was not successful in school and the teachers advised Nils against to let his son become a priest. After advise from the teacher in natural science, Dr. Rothman, Carl instead got permission to study medicine.
In 1727 Carl moved to Lund for medicine studies. In Lund he could wholeheartedly devote himself to medicine and natural history. He wrote in one of his autobiographies that it then became as fun to study as it earlier had been unpleasant. Carl stayed only one year in Lund before he, again after advice from Dr. Rothman, moved to Uppsala.
In 1728 Carl was enrolled at the faculty of medicine at the University of Uppsala. As a student without means Carl soon got influential friends. In the botanical garden in Uppsala Carl met the dean in Uppsala, Olof Celsius, who was very interested in botany. Celsius helped Carl financially and for a while Carl stayed in Celsius house before he moved to professor Olof Rudbeck fil. to work as a teacher for Rudbeck's three sons.
Professor Olof Rudbeck fil. cared for Carl, made it possible for him to get a scholarship, and when Rudbeck needed to leave his job because of age he commissioned Carl to give lectures in botany in the botanical garden. As a botanical demonstrator Carl renewed the badly looked after botanical garden and introduced new, rare plants. He also began to teach botanical theory, which was something completely new. He developed his thoughts in this subject and published them in 1751 in Philosophia botanica.
Linnaeus stayed only a short time as a botanical demonstrator. When the medicine student Nils Rosén returned from a journey in 1731 he was commissioned to substitute for Rudbeck instead of Linnaeus. Carl decided in the end of 1731 to leave the Rudbeck family and for a while he went back to his parents in Småland.
After an application to the Royal Science Society in Uppsala, Linnaeus got a grant for a scientific journey to Lappland in norhern Sweden. Linnaeus had a long time nourished a wish to see Lappland and Rudbeck probably had enticed him by telling him about his own journey to Torne lappmark.
When a fire in Uppsala destroyed the natural history specimens Rudbeck collected in 1702, Lappland was from a natural history point of view, still unknown. On the 12th of May 1732 Linnaeus alone rode towards the north and five months later, on the 10th of October, he was back in Uppsala.
The story about Linnaeus' journey attracted attention, not only in Uppsala, but also outside the country. Linnaeus account of the journey was extensive. He did not only make observations about nature he was also interested in the Sami culture. His major effort however was the botanical descriptions. In his Flora Lapponica he described the vegetation of an almost unknown part of Sweden.
After his tour to Lappland, Carl was broke because he had to pay parts of his journey himself. To earn his living he gave lectures, for example in ore and mineral analysis, which he had learnt during his trip to Lappland. In the autumn 1733, when he had saved enough money, he went to Falun in Dalarna for further studies in mineralogy.
Linnaeus stayed on for a while with the county governor Reuterholm in Falun to finish of his account of the journey, Iter Dalecarlicum. In Falun Linnaeus also got to know the Moræus family. The father Johan Moræus was a physician in Falun. In February 1735 Linnaeus proposed to Moræus' daughter Sara Elisabeth Moræa. As a condition for the marriage Moræus demanded Linnaeus to travel abroad to pass his MD to make it possible to financially support a family.
The father of Linnaeus' friend Claes Sohlberg promised Carl to pay him an annual compensation if he accepted to be his sons tutor and bring him on his journey abroad. Carl accepted the proposal and he and Claes Sohlberg started their journey in February 20, 1735.
They traveled via Hamburg and in May 5 they reached Harderwijk in the Netherlands. The University of Hardevijk was famous for issuing quick examinations. In May 9, a few days after his arrival, Linnaeus got his MD. He defended a thesis about malaria where he connected the disease with the amount of clay in the water.
Linnaeus had thought of returning to Sweden, but since he had run out of money, he instead followed his friend Sohlberg to Leiden. In Leiden Linnaeus succeeded, as he used to do, to become acquainted with several rich, botanically interested persons who supported him financially.
The senator of Leiden, Dr. Johan Fredrich Gronovius, paid for the publication of Linnaeus' Systema naturae. Professor Herman Boerhaave, one of his time's biggest authorities in medicine, offered Linnaeus, on his expense, to travel to South Africa for two years to collect plants for the botanical garden in Leiden and thereafter continuing his journey to America. Linnaeus declined the offer, as he wanted to return to his Sara Lisa back in Sweden, as soon as possible.
Linnaeus decided to leave Leiden and proceeded to Amsterdam. In Amsterdam he met Professor Johan Burman, the superintendent of the botanical garden in Amsterdam. Burman offered Linnaeus food and accommodation if he helped him work up the plants from Ceylon that Burman was working with. Linnaeus stayed over the winter and during his stay he also published Bibliotheca Botanica and Fundamenta Botanica.
The reputation of Linnaeus competence and knowledge in botany was spread in the Netherlands. In the autumn 1735, the director of the Dutch East India Company Georg Clifford, persuaded Linnaeus to start working for him in his botanical garden. Linnaeus accepted the offer and stayed with Clifford. During his stay, Linnaeus did not lack anything. Linnaeus used the time efficiently and travelled to the botanical gardens in Holland to obtain plants for Clifford's garden. He also published Genera plantarum and Flora Lapponica.
On Clifford's expense, Linnaeus travelled to England to collect plants for the garden. In Oxford Linnaeus visited the head of Sherard's Botanical Garden, Professor Johan Jacob Dillenius. Dillenius first disagreed with Linnaeus about his newly published Genera plantarum. Dillenius thought that Linnaeus had brought "the whole botany in disorder". Together they carefully examined flowers and after that Linnaeus succeeded to convince Dillenius about the advantages of his new plant genera. They separated as good friends and Linnaeus returned to Holland.
In 1737, Linnaeus published the book he had worked on during his stay at Clifford, Hortus Cliffortianus. At the same time he "amused" himself by writing Critica Botanica. Because of overstrain Linnaeus became ill and despite the luxury he was surrounded by he began to long for home. In October 7, 1737, Linnaeus left Clifford's garden and travelled towards Paris.
Linnaeus travelled via Leiden on his way to Paris to visit his friends, Professor Adriaan van Royen and Professor Boerhaave. Van Royen succeeded in persuading Linnaeus to stay for six months to arrange his garden. Linnaeus wrote Hortus Leydenensis, published his Classes plantarum and his deceased friend Petri Artedii's Ichthyologica in five volumes.
After some time of illness, shivering and cholera, Linnaeus continued his trip towards Paris. In Paris Linnaeus visited Professor Anton de Jussieu who showed him the gardens and herbaria of Paris. The French Academy of Sciences accepted Linnaeus as a correspondent. He also got another offer of employment but declined. He stayed for a month in Paris before he left for home.
In June 28, 1738, Linnaeus reached Helsingborg in Sweden. After a short visit in his father's house in Småland, Linnaeus continued his journey to Falun and Sara Lisa Moræa. The couple now got a formal engagement. Linnaeus soon left Falun to try to find a job as a physician in Stockholm to make it possible to support a family.
To begin with, Linnaeus had difficulties in getting a job as a physician in Stockholm. He wrote in one of his autobiographies [translated from Swedish]:
"Stockholm received Linnaeus in the month of September 1738 as a stranger; Linnaeus intended to earn his living as a Doctor here, but since he was unknown to everybody, nobody dared to entrust their dear life in an untried Doctor's hands, not even his dog, thus he often doubted his maintenance in the Country. He, who everywhere abroad was honoured as a Princeps Botanicorum, was at home as a Klimius coming from the world under ground, so if Linnaeus not had been in love, he had infallibly again went away and left Sweden".
Soon everything brightened for Linnaeus. Thanks to his ability to impress important people, he got in touch with the field marshal Count Carl Gustav Tessin. Tessin arranged an employment for Linnaeus at the "Bergs Collegio". During the summers, Linnaeus was supposed to hold lectures about botany and during the winters about minerals. Tessin also influenced Admiral Ankarkrona to offer Linnaeus an employment as an appointed physician at the Admiralty.
During his days in Stockholm Linnaeus was one of the founders of the Swedish Academy of Sciences. The first meeting of the Academy was held in May 1739. The distribution of work was decided by drawing of lots and Linnaeus became the first Praeses of the Academy.
Linnaeus economy had improved that much that he got permission to marry his fiancé Sara Elisabeth Moræa. The wedding was held at Moræus' farm Sveden in Falun in June 26, 1739.
In January 20, 1741, Linnaeus' and Sara Lisa's first child was born, their son Carl. In 1743 their second child was born, their daughter Elisabeth Christina and the year after Sara Magdalena, who died just 15 days old. The couple then got four other children, Lovisa, Sara Christina, Johannes and Sophia. The son Johannes died before his third birthday.
In the spring 1740, Professor Olof Rudbeck in Uppsala died. After some debate Nils Rosén was appointed as his successor to Linnaeus disadvantage. Rosén had at that time been Rudbeck's substitute for nine years. The other professorship of medicine in Uppsala, possessed by Lars Roberg, also became available when Roberg retired because of age. Linnaeus got this professorship instead and took up his duties in May 5, 1741. Linnaeus and Rosén then changed their chairs. Linnaeus got responsibility for the Botanical Garden, the botany and natural history while Rosén became responsible for the anatomy, fysiology and the other medical professions.
In 1744 Linnaeus was appointed to secretary of the Royal Swedish Society of Sciences in Uppsala. Later in the same year he also became appointed as Inspector at "Smålands nation" in Uppsala. In the summer 1745 Linnaeus published his books Flora Suecica and Fauna Suecica.
In 1747 Linneaus was appointed by the king to Archiater, i. e. senior physician, which was a great mark of respect. In the same year he also, as the only Swede, became a member of the Academy of Sciences in Berlin. Linnaeus later became member of a great number of Academies, i. e. the ones in Russia and France and also the Academy of Sciences in Philadelphia. In 1749 Linnaeus was appointed as principal at the University of Uppsala.
With Linnaeus as professor a period in Uppsala began where the nature science was much esteemed. Linnaeus was a devoted teacher and did not neglect his teaching duties. He did not only draw medical students to his lectures, but also students from other faculties. Students from all over Europe came to Uppsala to become Linnaeus' pupils. Linnaeus himself described this period in this way [translated from Swedish]:
"...att intet Rike i Europa Botaniquen kunde sägas vara i mer flor, ty då han årligen Botanicerade om sommartiden, hade han ett par hundrade auditores som samlade örter ock Insecter, anstälde observationer, skjöto Foglar, förde Protocoll, ock sedan de ifrån morgonen kl. 7 till aftonen kl. 9. Onsdagar ock Lögerdagar Botaniceradt, återkommo de i staden med Blomster i hattarne, samt Pukor ock Waldthorn fölgde sin anförare till Trägården igenom hela Staden. Ock åtskillige, så utländske, som Herrar ifrån Stockholm bevistade Linnaei excursioner."
He had always something to tell about every plant and animal species he found during his walks. It could be something about their ecology, physiology or usage. He often added short anecdotes and funny episodes. When notes were made during these excursions it is possible to get an idea of Linnaeus way of telling. The following anecdote is said to be Linnaeus' story about Annual Knawel, Scleranthus annuus
"Tragus, who was Professor in Leipzig, asked, when he should say the name of this, a Swedish student, who was not a botanist. He answered: "Knäfvelen" knows, which the Professor accepted and gave the herb the name of Knävel. The Dutch, who should print this, left the dots over ä and then it become Knavel.
Among all these students listening to Linnaeus' lectures there was a smaller group of pupils eager to learn, with a great interest in nature, which was called Linnaeus' disciples. Linnaeus always had time and consideration for them. Several of the most poor students got food and accommodation in Linnaeus' home in the same way Linnaeus once was helped by Celsius, Rudbeck, Gronovius and Boerhaave. Many of these disciples, or apostles as Linnaeus called them, travelled to foreign countries to study the fauna and flora in the spirit of Linnaeus.
In 1753 Linnaeus finished his book Species plantarum in two volumes. After all writing and sitting during the intensive work with the books he got pain in his right side. This was cured by his cure-all medicine, wild strawberries.
Linnaeus was dubed in 1753 by king Adolph Fredrik to knight of Nordstjärneordern as the first civilian in Sweden. In 1761 he was raised to the nobility and took the name von Linné. Linné drew a proposal on a coat of arms for the noblefamily von Linné.
His proposal was composed of three fields with the colours of the nature; black, green and red. Above these fields was an anatomic egg and in the helmet a Linnaea borealis. The national herald Daniel Tilas rejected his proposal but he later came up with a proposal that was accepted by Linné.
When Linné was released from his duties at the academy in 1763 Linné's son, Carl fil., got the title of professor. Despite this, it was no big difference. Linné continued working as usual. During the 1770's Linné's health became worse and in 1777 he was no longer capable of doing his work and he submitted his resignation. Linné fil. then took over the duties, but he got no salary until his fathers death two years later, in January 10, 1778.
During his lifetime Linné made several journeys in Sweden commissioned by the Government. In May 15, 1741, he travelled to Öland and Gotland together with six students to look for plants useful for medicine or dyeing. Linné's own description of the journey in one of his biographies says:
"...travelled towards Calmar, at Öland in the Alum mine almost loose his leg, at Blåkulla was in distress at sea, on the way from Gotland was in mortal danger, at the journey home visited his old father and family, was at home at autumn with the commission well performed. "
His observations from the journey he published in 1745 in his Öländska och Gothländska Resa.
In summer 1746 Linné, again commissioned by the Government, travelled to the Swedish province Västergötland. He travelled together with B. S. Erik Gustaf Lidbeck. The mission was the same as during his journey to the islands Öland and Gotland. The journey went through Västergötland to Gothenburg and back home through the provinces Dalsland and Värmland. The year after Linnaeus published his Wästgöta-Resa. After this trip the Government decided Linnaeus should do a similar journey to the province Skåne. The expedition was postponed for some time since Linnaeus thought himself too busy to make the journey as early as the next summer.
Linnaeus had no time to make the journey to Skåne until spring 1749. One of the expedition's missions was to find out the best location to grow Walnut and Swedish Whitebeam. These woods were used to make the butts to the rifles for the military.
The student Olof Söderberg took part in the journey. Linnaeus had made his earlier journeys on horseback but this journey he made in a carriage, as he did not consider himself strong enough for such a long ride. The expedition was successful. Unlike his journey to Västergötland the weather was beautiful. They were also very well received everywhere.
Linnaeus visited Stenbrohult and his brothers and sisters on his way to Skåne. His father had died the year before. This was Linnaeus last visit in his native district. In 1750 he published his Skånska Resa.
During his time in Uppsala Linnaeus began in 1742 a thorough reconstruction of the Botanical Garden. He built an orangery, gave the garden a new division and expanded it. He got seeds from friends all over Europe. The gardener in the Botanical Garden was Didrik Nietzel, who Linnaeus had met in Holland when Nietzel was working for Clifford. Linnaeus had succeeded to persuade the capable gardener to leave Holland and move to Sweden.
Many medical plants and other species with economical value were grown in the Botanical Garden. To drink tea had become fashionable and all sorts of substitutes were tested to save the expense of the import. Linnaeus was convinced that it was possible to grow tea plants in Sweden. In 1762 he got a living tea plant from captain C. G. Ekeberg and succeeded in the summer 1765 to make it flower.
Linné thought the air in Uppsala was unhealthy and the town too noisy. For that reason Linné in 1758 bought the two farms Hammarby and Sävja. The year after he also bought the neighbouring farm Edeby. Linné had to put himself in debt for these purchases. The original building at Hammarby was a small one-storey house. In consideration of his children's future Linné built a new bigger main building that was ready in 1762.
The Linnaean family spent their summers at Hammarby. There Linné could grow plants which did not tolerate the too humid soil in the Botanical Garden in Uppsala. Of the seeds Linné got from queen Katarina II of Russia, he arranged a special department in his garden called "Sibiria". At Hammarby Linné received students for private lessons.
After a big fire in Uppsala in 1766 Linné became worried about his collections and he therefore built a museum on the hill behind Hammarby for them.
Despite industrious attempt to keep Linné's collections in Sweden, the herbarium was sold to Sir James Edward Smith in London after the death of Carl fil. in 1784. The profit went to Linné's daughters. Part of the linnean herbarium had been left to Claes Alströmer as security for a loan, and were in time presented to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and are still left in Sweden.
The so called "Herbarium parvum", which consisted of Linné's son's early collections and removed duplicate specimens from Linné's large herbarium, is now in the Linnean herbarium at Swedish Museum of Natural History in Stockholm.
Fries, Th. M., 1903: Linné, lefnadsteckning, Fahlcrantz & Co., Stockholm.
Lindman, C. A. M., 1907: A Linnean Herbarium in the Natural History Museum in Stockholm. 1. Monandria-Tetrandia, Arkiv för Botanik, vol. 7, no. 3.
Malmeström, E. & A. H. Uggla, 1957: Vita Caroli Linnaei. Carl von Linnaeus självbiografier, Almquist & Wiksell - Stockholm.
Tillberg, T., 1907: Linnéporträtt, Almquist & Wiksell - Uppsala.
Uppsala Universitet, 1999-03-10: Linnés Hammarby, web site: http://www.hammarby.uu.se/.
Uppsala Universitet, 1999-03-10: Linnéträdgården, web site: http://www.linnaeus.uu.se/.


text:
I have been DYING to share this wedding. The bride and groom are two of the best people – EVER. Their friends and families are pretty much the bees knees. I actually really miss talking to Lauren's Mom every week! The design – fun, whimsical and quite frankly – delightful. The photography from Taylor Lord -amazeballs (yes, I actually just put that in writing). I LOVED THIS DAY! Enough of my rambling – here is some wedding eye candy (that I am delighted was featured on Green Wedding Shoes this week!)
Let is be stated for the record that it was actually Lauren who introduced ME to Pinterest. And that was August of 2011. My how the world turns . . .
We created the design around shades of aqua, mint, peach, pink, coral and gray. Any sort of whimsical thought that entered either of our minds was incorporated. Balsa wood flowers – check. Lace, velvet ribbon and burlap – why not?
When the guests arrived to the ceremony site – they were greeted by an Izze Lemonade stand, lawn games (you have to love a personalized corn hole game. I mean – you have to!) and a bluegrass band. The ceremony site was covered in over 300 paper flowers (did I mention how happy I was it didn't rain????) and the guests walked through the personalized doorway to the ceremony . . .
The reception room was whimsy wedding heaven. Burlap tablecloths were anchored with mini cakes on each table. They were a hit! Smaller wooden boxes were filled with peach garden roses, white hydrangeas, coral peonies and dusty miller. Balsa wood flowers were used as napkin rings. And all of the print work on the tables echoed the burlap tablecloths. Iron lanterns hung from the beams and I was in heaven!
His and her cocktails – the new must
Lauren and Nate — all of the love in the world to you two and your incredible friends and families. Your wedding was a joy to work on! Here is to an amazing ski season, many summer of happy hikes and a lifetime of love and happiness.
Kara Delay, Love This Day Events
Whimsical Colorado Weddings


text:
Folks – it's challenging cherry-picking which events are worth going to this year with everyone cutting back on the travel costs, but one you should definitely have on your calendar is IQPC's Shared Services Week, where I am hosting their F&A BPO session entitled Going Beyond the Letter of the Contract: Deriving Business Value From Your F&A BPO Experience, where I will be joined by my industry BPO friends Graham Russell (Astrazeneca), John Transier (Unilever), Mike Monaghan (Wells Fargo) and Sunil Narang (Level 3). Check out the session at 3.35pm on March 24th.
And even if you can't make the week, you can still catch the highlights here, with the Horses being the official blog for the show.
IQPC have offered Horses readers a discount offer: 2-for-1 Special – Bring a colleague FREE when you purchase a main conference pass at standard pricing. Reference code IUS_HFS_#1 to receive this discount. *Open to end-users only.
So why attend?
*A focus on quick wins for your shared services organization, with highlights on meeting short-term immediate gains and cutting costs without jeopardizing service levels
*An expert speaker faculty, including 4 Chief Economists, to demonstrate how to use survive the economic downturn and come out stronger on the other side
*Easy-to-customize conference experience: Choose between 7 tracks, including HR Transformation, Sourcing, Talent Management and Blue Sky Innovation Room, 3 Master Classes, 4 site tours and 16 workshops
*Expanded Exhibition Hall, networking opportunities and an exciting new year for the Annual Shared Services Excellence Awards.
4 Chief Economists will be speaking
Gregory Miller, Chief Economist, Sun Trust Banks
Brian Fabbri, Chief U.S. Economist for North America, BNP Paribas
David Wyss, Chief Economist, Standard & Poor's
W. Michael Cox, Chief Economist, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas
For more information, please contact: Kim Vigilia, IQPC || Ph: 212-885-2753 || [email protected] || www.linkedin.com/in/kimvigilia
Posted in : Captives and Shared Services Strategies, Finance and Accounting, Outsourcing Events


text:
Advanced Editor Tools
Extends and enhances the block editor (Gutenberg) and the classic editor (TinyMCE).
Extends and enhances the block editor (Gutenberg) and the classic editor (TinyMCE).
Control the appearance of WordPress post excerpts
Lets you use raw HTML or any other code in your posts. You can also…
Improve your web typography with: hyphenation, space control, intelligent character replacement, and CSS hooks.
Adds a button to the WordPress TinyMCE editor to clear floats.
Adjust an image's margins and border with ease in the Visual editor.
Easily disable the default wpautop filter on a post by post basis.
Additional tools for rich text fields in Gutenberg.
Prevent the "modified date" from changing when making minor changes to your content.
Import and export DOCX, DOC, ODT Word documents as WordPress posts and pages.
Russian typography for Wordpress. Lite version.
WP-Syntax provides clean syntax highlighting for embedding source code within pages or posts.
Get control of the WordPress wysiwyg visual editor and add some functionality with more buttons…
Adds two buttons to the TinyMCE editor to enable writing text in Left to Right…
Adds clear float button to TinyMCE Editor.
Adds a sidebar widget to change text size in your WP site. Always go back…
Replaces links to the currently seen page.
Allows Markdown to be enabled in posts, comments and bbPress forums.
Extend Link plugin is All-In-One for WordPress post editor to manage the links, add class…
Disables the default WordPress option of converting emoticons to image smilies


text:
Celebration Ale Clone (extract kit) White Labs California Ale Yeast (liquid vial, no starter, I know next time I'll make a starter) Pitched at 68 degrees and good activity 18 hours later, got up to 71 degrees for the first 4 days of fermentation, but from days 5-10 its been around 64 degrees (house got cold and didn't have a temp control system) and the last 2 days have given gravity readings of only 1.021. I aerated by pouring back and forth between the ferm bucket and bottling bucket and shook the bucket up before pitching, which is what I usually do and seems to work well for aeration on my other batches, but I did just order an O2 aeration system for my next batch.
I also did just get a Fermwrap and Johnson Digital Temp Controller to help in temp control during the colder months. My question is would it work to swirl the bucket a bit to resuspend some of the yeast and use the Fermwrap to get the temp back up to 70 degrees to help it get down to a FG closer to the estimated 1.012? I don't want to create any bottle bombs with a 1.021 gravity reading. I contacted the store (Brewer's Apprentice in Freehold, NJ) where I get my kits and they weren't to sure if that would do anything, but shouldn't it help the yeast finish up since I feel like the yeast is probably just dormant from the colder temps? White Labs suggest 68-73 degrees. Or is there anything else I can do to help it out?
(Side Note: Read in another post that scorched wort can create unfermentable sugars resulting in a higher FG, and yes I did slightly scorch my extract cause I left the heat on for a minute when adding it, so this may be the reason)


text:
Is there a way to tell LaTeX to automatically capitalize the first letters of words in chapters and sections?
I imagine something that checks a dictionary for words like for, of, the, in ... and leaves them small (if it's not the first word).
I couldn't find anything on the internet but I think it would be useful, especially for switching between one of the many conventions of capitalization of titles in English to another one.


text:
A new study shows that vitamin E supplements had no effect on women's risk of developing heart failure.
It's the first large-scale study on the effectiveness of vitamin E in preventing heart failure.
Vitamin E is one of a group of nutrients known as antioxidants, which are thought to help protect the body from oxidative damage to its cells.
But some previous studies on vitamin E and heart failure have suggested that the antioxidant may actually increase the risk of heart failure, and other studies have had conflicting results.
Heart failure affects more than 5.7 million people in the U.S. It's a chronic, progressive condition in which the heart is no longer able to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs.
Vitamin E Doesn't Help Heart Failure
In the study, researchers followed a group of nearly 40,000 women aged 45 and older in the Women's Health Study for an average of about 10 years.
The women took 600 international units (IU) of vitamin E or a placebo every other day.
During the study, 220 episodes of heart failure were diagnosed. The results showed that taking vitamin E supplements had no impact on the women's risk of developing heart failure.
The researchers say the results show that vitamin E does not appear to help or hurt the risk of developing heart failure among women.
"These results underscore the importance of focusing on other primary prevention measures proven to reduce the risk of future [heart failure], including effective control of blood pressure and the primary prevention of [heart] disease," researcher Claudia Chae, MD, MPH, of Massachusetts General Hospital, and colleagues write in Circulation: Heart Failure.
By Jennifer Warner
WebMD Health News Reviewed by Louise Chang, MD


text:
Learn About the Law
Get help with your legal needs
FindLaw's Learn About the Law features thousands of informational articles to help you understand your options. And if you're ready to hire an attorney, find one in your area who can help.
On petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit.
The petition for a writ of certiorari is denied.
Mr. Justice REHNQUIST, with whom THE CHIEF JUSTICE and Mr. Justice POWELL join, dissenting.
Petitioners seek to present two questions for decision: (a) whether the District Court properly found systemwide segregative intent on the part of petitioner school Board, and, (b) "[w]hether the systemwide student reassignment plan ordered by the District Court, whereby every grade in every school must have a ratio of black and white students in approximate proportion to the systemwide ratio, exceeded the violation found, particularly where the evidence showed that Cleveland's residential areas are highly segregated by race." Pet. for Cert. 3. With respect to the first issue of systemwide desegregation, the District Court found as follows in its exhaustive opinion:
The Court of Appeals affirmed this conclusion of the District Court in this language:
"Our review of this record supports the District Judge's findings of fact in this regard and we find no fault in his conclusions of law, as stated above. The findings of fact certainly cannot be termed clearly erroneous, and the conclusions of law which pertain to his 1973 findings and his 1964 findings are both entirely consistent with the opinions of the Supreme Court in Columbus Board of Education v. Penick [ 439 U.S. 1348 ] ( 1979), and Dayton Board of Education v. Brinkman [ 439 U.S. 1357 , 99 S. Ct. 27] (1979)." Reed v. Rhodes, 607 F.2d 714, 717 (C. A. 6 1979).
The Court of Appeals, I think, was undoubtedly correct in upholding this District Court's finding of systemwide segregative intent on the basis of this Court's decisions last Term in the Columbus and Dayton cases . I would therefore not vote to grant the petition on this first issue.
The Court of Appeals, however, devoted virtually no attention to the second issue-the propriety of the remedy imposed by the District Court. In the Court of Appeals' opinion, which comprises 46 pages of the appendix to the petition, less than 4 are devoted to the propriety of the remedy decreed, and none of those 4 pages deal with whether the remedy was appropriate, conceding that a systemwide remedy could be imposed. The court focused solely on the legitimacy [445 U.S. 935 , 937] of imposing a systemwide remedy, neglecting to address the propriety of the terms imposed by that remedy. The Court of Appeals extensively quoted language in this Court's opinion in Columbus, supra, to support its approval of this remedy, but that language simply has no application to the issue of whether as drastic a remedy as this may be imposed once a systemwide violation has been found.
In Milliken v. Bradley, 418 U.S. 717, 744 , 3127, 41 L. Ed.2d 1069 (1974), we held:
This was not a novel principle then any more than it is now. It simply reflects the traditional rule that the remedy imposed by a United States district court exercising its equitable powers must restore, as nearly as possible, the situation which would have existed had the wrong not occurred. We have certainly never held that racial balance is constitutionally required once a violation is established. To the contrary, in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, 402 U.S. 1, 24 , 1280 (1971), this Court stated explicitly that, "[t]he constitutional command to desegregate schools does not mean that every school in every community must always reflect the racial composition of the school system as a whole."
The District Court then either ignored the statement in Swann or formulated this remedy on the hypothesis that had there been no segregative conduct on the part of the Cleveland School Board, there would have been no racially segregated housing patterns in the city of Cleveland . For the reasons persuasively stated by Mr. Justice POWELL in his opinion dissenting from the dismissal of the writ of certiorari in Estes v. Metropolitan Branch, Dallas NAACP, 444 U.S. 437 (1980), this is simply not a realistic hypothesis. Conceding that there was a systemwide violation, and allowing for [445 U.S. 935 , 938] the discretion and flexibility necessary for the District Court to fashion an equitable decree which would requite the constitutional wrong, that discretion did not extend to restructuring the entire demography of the city of Cleveland as reflected in its schools, unless that demography was attributable to the conduct of the petitioner school Board. While the District Court found that some of the racial housing patterns were attributable to the conduct of the Board, it also made clear that other factors, including the location of public housing by entities other than the Board, also had a causative effect. Even if the Constitution required it, and it were possible for federal courts to do it, no equitable decree can fashion an "Emerald City" where all races, ethnic groups, and persons of various income levels live side by side in a large metropolitan area. Because the decree of the District Court here seems flatly contrary to the language of Swann, supra, and Milliken, supra, I would grant the petition for certiorari limited to the second question.
Opinion on remand by Court of Appeals, to District Court, 500 F.Supp. 404.
A free source of state and federal court opinions, state laws, and the United States Code. For more information about the legal concepts addressed by these cases and statutes visit FindLaw's Learn About the Law.
Citation: 445 U.S. 935
Docket No: No. 79-804
Decided: March 17, 1980
Court: United States Supreme Court
Search our directory by legal issue
Enter information in one or both fields (Required)
Harness the power of our directory with your own profile. Select the button below to sign up.
FindLaw for Legal Professionals
Learn more about FindLaw's newsletters, including our terms of use and privacy policy. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Get help with your legal needs
FindLaw's Learn About the Law features thousands of informational articles to help you understand your options. And if you're ready to hire an attorney, find one in your area who can help.
Search our directory by legal issue
Enter information in one or both fields (Required)


text:
An al-Qaida-linked Somali militant group claimed responsibility Monday for twin bombings in Uganda that killed 74 people watching the World Cup final on TV, saying the militants would carry out attacks "against our enemy" wherever they are.
The blasts came two days after a commander with the Somali group, al-Shabab, called for militants to attack sites in Uganda and Burundi, two nations that contribute troops to the African Union peacekeeping force in Somalia.
Al-Shabab, whose ranks are swelled by militant veterans of the conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq, has long threatened to attack outside of Somalia's borders, but the bombings late Sunday are the first time the group has done so.
"We will carry out attacks against our enemy wherever they are," said Sheik Ali Mohamud Rage, a militant spokesman in Mogadishu. "No one will deter us from performing our Islamic duty."
Ugandan officials had said earlier that they suspected the Somali group was involved. One of the targets was an Ethiopian restaurant — a nation despised by the al-Shabab militants.
The attacks on two soft targets filled with civilians raised concerns about the capabilities and motives of al-Shabab, which the U.S. State Department has declared a terrorist organization.
The blasts went off as people watched the game between Spain and the Netherlands late Sunday.
"We were watching soccer here and then when there were three minutes to the end of the match an explosion came ... and it was so loud," witness Juma Seiko told Reuters.
Several Americans from a Pennsylvania church group were wounded in the restaurant attack, including Kris Sledge, 18, of Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania.
"I remember blacking out, hearing people screaming and running," Sledge said from the hospital. His right leg was wrapped and he had burns on his face. "I love the place here but I'm wondering why this happened and who did this ... At this point we're just glad to be alive."
Joann Lockard, a spokeswoman for the U.S. Embassy in Kampala, confirmed one American was killed.
San Diego-based group Invisible Children, which helps child soldiers, identified the dead American as former aid worker Nate Henn.
At the time of the blasts, Henn was in Uganda visiting his aunt, NBC News reported. Henn had previously volunteered in Uganda, NBC said.
"He sacrificed his comfort to live in the humble service of God and of a better world," the group said.
The FBI sent agents based at the U.S. Embassy in Nairobi, Kenya to assist in the investigation and look into the circumstances of the death of the American citizen, a State Department official in Washington said. The official spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to discuss the probe. Interpol said in a statement that it was dispatching a team to Uganda.
'Whatever makes them cry, makes us happy'
In Mogadishu, Somalia, Sheik Yusuf Sheik Issa, an al-Shabab commander, told The Associated Press early Monday that he was happy with the attacks in Uganda.
"Uganda is one of our enemies. Whatever makes them cry, makes us happy. May Allah's anger be upon those who are against us," Sheik said.
In addition to Uganda's troops in Mogadishu, Uganda also hosts Somali soldiers trained in U.S. and European-backed programs.
Ethiopia, which fought two wars with Somalia, is a longtime enemy of al-Shabab and other Somali militants who accuse their neighbor of meddling in Somali affairs. Ethiopia had troops in Somalia between December 2006 and January 2009 to back Somalia's fragile government against the Islamic insurgency.
In Washington, President Barack Obama spoke with Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni on Monday to express his condolences for the loss of life in the bombings. Obama offered to provide any support or assistance needed in Uganda, said White House spokesman Robert Gibbs.
Gibbs said that while the FBI is assisting in the ongoing investigation, the U.S. believes that there is "no clearer signal of the hateful motives of terrorists than was sent yesterday."
U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton joined Obama in offering condolences and added, "The United States stands with Uganda. We have a long-standing, close friendship with the people and government of Uganda and will work with them to bring the perpetrators of this crime to justice."
Ugandan President Museveni toured the blast sites Monday and said that the terrorists behind the bombings should fight soldiers, not "people who are just enjoying themselves."
"We shall go for them wherever they are coming from," Museveni said. "We will look for them and get them as we always do."
Kulayigye, the Ugandan army spokesman, said it was too early to speculate about any military response to the attacks.
Uganda still plans to host the African Union summit in late July. More than 50 heads of state or government are expected to attend.
Sunday's terror attacks are not the first to hit East Africa. U.S. Embassies in Nairobi, Kenya, and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, were the targets of deadly twin bombings by al-Qaida in 1998, killing 224 people including 12 Americans. An Israeli airliner and hotel in Mombasa, Kenya, were targeted by terrorists in 2002.
The United States worries that Somalia could be a terrorist breeding ground, particularly since Osama bin Laden has declared his support for Islamic radicals there.


text:
Karkarey, Rucha; Alcoverro, Teresa ; Kumar, Sanjeev; Arthur, Rohan. Animal Behaviour 131 : 13-22 (2017) DIGITAL CSIC
Human-induced rapid environmental change (HIREC) disproportionately affects species with specialist traits and long generation times. By circumventing prolonged evolutionary processes, behavioural plasticity is critical in allowing species to cope with rapid environmental changes within their lifetimes. Coral reefs have faced multiple mass mortality events of corals related to climate change in the last two decades. The consequent loss of structural complexity adversely impacts long-lived, structure-dependent fish predators. We attempted to determine how well a guild of groupers (Pisces: Epinephelidae) copes with rapid structural change in the lightly fished Lakshadweep Archipelago, Indian Ocean. Of the 15 species, territorial and site-attached groupers declined exponentially with decreasing structural complexity, while widely ranging species showed no change. However, one site-attached species, the peacock grouper, Cephalopholis argus, maintained high densities across the structural gradient. We explored the mechanisms this species employs to cope with declining habitat structure. Our observations indicate that both a potential release from specialist competitors and plasticity in foraging behaviour (foraging territory size, diet and foraging mode) appeared to favour the peacock grouper's survival in sites of high and low structure. While specialist competitors dropped out of the assemblage, the foraging territory size of peacock groupers increased exponentially with structural decline, but remained constant and compact (50 m2) above a threshold of structural complexity (corresponding to a canopy height of 60 cm). Interestingly, despite significant differences in prey density in sites of high and low structure, gut content and stable isotope analyses indicated that peacock groupers maintained a specialized dietary niche. In-water behavioural observations suggested that diet specialization was maintained by switching foraging modes from a structure-dependent 'ambush' to a structure-independent 'widely foraging' mode. The remarkable foraging plasticity of species such as the peacock grouper will become increasingly critical in separating winners from losers and may help preserve specialist ecosystem functions as habitats collapse as a result of climate change.