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Lightning may never strike the same place twice, but your phone doesn't need to know that, That's because a group of scientists from the University of Southampton have teamed up with Nokia to explore the possibility of harnessing the energy of a lightning bolt to charge a mobile device.
Sound impossible? Well, the scientists have already done it.
Nokia Harnessing the power of lightning… by dm_51614f564e87d
In order to create a "lightning bolt" for their test, the team first generated an alternating current through a transformer. They then channeled that current between a gap that was a little under an inch thick, surging 200,000 volts – well within the average strength of a typical lightning strike – in the form of a bolt of electricity. The signal was then transferred into another controlling transformer, where it was able to charge the battery of a Nokia Lumia 925.
"As one of the first companies to introduce wireless charging into our products, we believe that this experiment has the potential to jump-start new ideas on how we charge our phones in the future," Chris Weber, Nokia's vice president of sales and marketing.
This research indicates that we may one day harness the power of a lightning strike for our own personal use. Consider the energy implications, which reach beyond cellphone charging: lightning is totally renewable, incredibly sustainable and readily available.
Neil Palmer, one of the project's lead researchers, said Nokia presented them with the original idea for the experiment. This is not surprising coming from Nokia, a company that is known for pushing the boundaries and constantly researching new concepts and technologies.
Palmer said that the circuitry of the Nokia device was able to stabilize the signal of the lightning, which then allowed the battery to be charged. This is important to note because one of the main arguments against the notion of harnessing lightning for energy has been that lightning is too unpredictable.
"This discovery proves devices can be charged with a current that passes through the air," he said, "and is a huge step towards understanding a natural power like lightning and harnessing its energy."
Using the power of lightning has long been a staple of science fiction. But if this experiment proves anything, it is that some of those seemingly impossible scenarios depicted in science fiction may soon become a reality.


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The Orthodox Presbyterian Church is governed by three sets of documents: its primary, secondary, and tertiary standards (cf. Form of Government, Chapter XXXII, Section 1). The primary standard of the Church is the Word of God, contained in the sixty-six books of the Old and New Testaments. Standing above the Church's constitution, the Word of God is "the only rule to direct us how we may glorify and enjoy him" (Shorter Catechism, Q/A 2). Subordinate to the Word of God is the constitution, consisting of two sets of standards. The doctrinal standards of the Church (the Confession of Faith and Catechisms of the Orthodox Presbyterian Church) are its secondary standards, and the standards of government, discipline, and worship comprise its tertiary standards.
The book that you hold in your hand contains the tertiary standards of the Orthodox Presbyterian Church: its Form of Government, Book of Discipline, and Directory for the Public Worship of God. While printed separately from the secondary standards, they are not conceived, nor should they be used, in isolation from them. Several sections of the doctrinal standards refer directly or indirectly to worship and ecclesiology, such as those dealing with the sufficiency of Scripture, Christian liberty and liberty of conscience, religious worship and the Sabbath day, the civil magistrate, the church, the sacraments, church censures, and synods and councils.
The genius of Presbyterian church government lies in its appreciation for the value of such tertiary standards. They do not replace or compete with the Scriptures. Rather, they set forth rules and procedures by which the church corporately interprets and applies the Word of God. That is, this Book of Church Order provides the effective means by which the teaching of Scripture is applied to the Orthodox Presbyterian Church's government, discipline, and worship. As Presbyterians have put this in the past, a book that rightly orders the church is not necessary for the being of the church (since there are true churches that do not follow these rules and procedures), but is necessary for the well-being of the church. The rules and procedures set forth in this book will promote and encourage the spiritual health of the Orthodox Presbyterian Church.
The differences in authority among the primary, secondary, and tertiary standards come to expression in two important respects. First, the language of the church officer ordination vows takes into account the relative weight of these standards. Ministers, elders, and deacons in the Orthodox Presbyterian Church are required to believe the Bible as the only infallible rule of faith and practice, to sincerely receive and adopt the Confession of Faith and Catechisms as containing the system of doctrine taught in Scripture, and to approve of the government, discipline, and worship of this Church. There is a lessening of the required commitment to the lower levels of these standards. Second, the standards are distinguished by the processes by which amendments may be made to them. The primary standard of Scripture cannot be altered, the secondary standards of doctrine may be amended only with difficulty and rarely, and the tertiary standards of church order may be more easily and frequently revised.
This 2015 edition of The Book of Church Order of the Orthodox Presbyterian Church represents the current understanding of what this branch of the church believes the Scriptures teach about the government, discipline, and worship of the church of the Lord Jesus Christ. It was in 1941, five years after the founding of the Orthodox Presbyterian Church, that its General Assembly ordered the first edition of The Book of Church Order to be printed. In 1979 the General Assembly approved a substantially rewritten Form of Government. A major revision of the Book of Discipline was adopted in 1983. Beginning in 1995, further approved changes to these tertiary standards could ordinarily come into effect only in years ending in 5 or 0. And the General Assembly completed a sixty-two-year process of revising the Directory for the Public Worship of God by authorizing the publication of a special edition of these standards of government, discipline, and worship in 2011.
This edition of The Book of Church Order has been prepared in accordance with instructions of the General Assembly, in consultation with the stated clerk of the Assembly. The Committee on Christian Education has taken on the responsibility of publishing and distributing the book. It contains all the revisions of The Book of Church Order that have been approved since 2011 and which take effect on January 1, 2015. In accordance with the Form of Government, Chapter XXXII, Section 2, this particular edition of the book will remain in use in the Orthodox Presbyterian Church until at least 2020.
Ross W. Graham, stated clerk
Willow Grove, Pennsylvania
November 2014
© 2024 The Orthodox Presbyterian Church

subset: commoncrawl


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Fact proves far stranger than fiction in this collection of real-life crimes
Cases of six London women, who all resorted to murder
This fascinating history, the first of its kind, provides a murky and most intriguing account of criminal activity on Britain's railways
His own incredible story – Amazing secrets of the Victorian Underworld by Jerome Caminada
What drives attractive male cousins to rape and kill ten young women?
There is little that shocks the British public more than the killing of policemen and women whilst tackling criminals
A daily newspaper in February 2009 has an image of an old man shackled to a police officer by handcuffs
What drove Harold Shipman to murder over 200 of his elderly patients?
We have all heard so much about the killers who grab the front pages, the ones whose crimes are so appalling that they exert a strange fascination on many people
Prepare yourself for a journey into the indonesian penal system, a world where murder, torture and fights to the death are the norm
Hunting Humans is an extraordinary book. It delves deep into the minds of six of the most notorious multiple murders of modern times
From Jack the Ripper to Jack the Stripper and beyond learn how bizarre sexual practices, fetishes and perversions can turn into murder!
Agatha Christie: Agony of a domestic tiff Rasputin: Strange Demise of the sinning saint Captain Bligh: Just a bit of a bad temper? Sweeney Todd: Fact or fiction? But very nice pies! By Andrew Moss.
Much has been written about the soldiers executed during WW1 for military offences,
Up close and personal with serial killers
Mass murder is dreadful enough, yet that is not sufficient a thrill for those evil
They are the criminals who horrify us most…murderers without mercy.
If there are degrees of evil, then high up the scale of sin must be those murders we label 'serial killers'
This investigation into spree killing analyses the psychology of this chilling and relatively new phenomenon.
This brand-new sequel to True Crime Library¹s riveting bestseller Women on Death Row tells the astonishing stories of the women executed in America since our first volume was published plus a great deal more
Why does a young woman lure teenagers into her car then participate in their horrific rape


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Jerry Seinfeld (light blue shirt, sans toupee) has really been working on his triceps and tan
'Fast & Furious' Stresses Social Side of Fandom
By BROOKS BARNES
LOS ANGELES — Despite selling $1.8 billion in tickets, Universal's "Fast & Furious" car-racing series is Hollywood's equivalent of a second-class citizen.
It does not dazzle with computerized special effects like "Transformers" or feature rising young stars like "The Hunger Games." It lacks the cultural cachet of "Harry Potter."
"We feel like underdogs most of the time," said Vin Diesel, who leads the "Fast & Furious" cast.
What "Fast & Furious" does have — and it has gone largely unnoticed — is an astounding online following. Its Facebook page has 24.9 million "likes," more than any active film series except "Avatar." Mr. Diesel has 39 million Facebook fans; among actors, only Will Smith has more.
That kind of passion is making the next installment, "Fast & Furious 6," one of the most anticipated movies of the summer. After an online promotional stunt coordinated by the studio to coincide with a Super Bowl ad, "Fast & Furious 6" is setting up one of the biggest box-office races of the year: Mr. Diesel and crew against "The Hangover Part III."
But without Chris Dorner around to stand in-line to see "The Hangover Part III," it's just not going to be the same.
"We measured the various ways audiences talked about these films online, and 'Fast 6' blew everything else away," said Ben Carlson, Fizziology's president.
So, Brooks Barnes, NYT reporter, who are these people who like "Fast & Furious" movies? Enquiring minds want to know! I realize that you don't, personally, know any of them, but, surely, living as we do in the Age of Big Data, there must be information available to answer basic questions like: what are, say, their demographics?
Apparently not. As far as I can tell from reading this article, "Fast & Furious" films are liked by people who like films entitled "Fast & Furious."


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Quesadillas with Jack and Spicy Saute
Save a trip to the restaurant by preparing Aida's easy and delicious, spicy Mexican-inspired dishes. The menu includes Quesadillas With Jack and Spicy Saute, Roast Pork Loin With Sour Citrus Sauce and Cilantro Rice.
Yield: 6 quesadillas
Prep Time: 5 minutes
Cook Time: 25 minutes
Ease of Preparation: easy
Total Preparation Time: 5 Minutes
Total Time: 30 minutes
- 1 tablespoons peanut oil
- 1/2 medium yellow onion, halved lengthwise and thinly sliced
- 3 medium cloves garlic, thinly sliced
- 2 medium jalapenos, halved lengthwise, seeded, and thinly sliced crosswise
- Salt and freshly ground black pepper
- 4 medium poblano peppers, quartered lengthwise, seeded, and sliced crosswise into 1/2-inch strips
- 1 1/4 cups low-sodium chicken broth
- 12 (6-inch) flour tortillas
- 3 cups shredded jack cheese
- Heat oven to 500 degrees F and arrange 1 rack in top and a second rack in middle.
- Heat oil in a large frying pan over medium-high heat. When it shimmers, add onions, garlic, and jalapenos, season well with salt and freshly ground black pepper, and cook until softened, about 3 minutes. Add poblanos and stir to coat. Add broth and cook until the liquid reduces enough to just coat the vegetables, about 10 minutes. Remove from heat.
- When pepper mixture is cool enough to handle, top 1 tortilla with 1/2 cup cheese and 1/6 of the pepper mixture, close with a second tortilla. Repeat to make 6 quesadillas.
- Arrange quesadillas on 2 baking sheets and place 1 sheet on top rack and another on middle rack. Bake until cheese is melted, about 5 minutes. Switch baking sheets and continue to cook until tortillas are golden-brown and crisp, about 5 more minutes.


text: JVonD welcomes a great group of Podcasters from the Portable Media Expo. 6 segments of recordings were combined for this show. Thanks to everyone who participated. Special guests include Mark Linder, Ed Roberts, Schwen, Chad Podcastrant, John & Wendy, Miss Peter, Raequel, Corby, El Nacho, Ajay, Mikey, DJ AJ, Soccergirl, Ryan P, Nlinus, Chris Vealchart, Craige Patchett, Kat, Michael Butler, Guy, Arzu, and Colby Cad Commons. Plus call ins and images from Nlinus.


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vintage circus carnival theme wedding stylde shoot (1) June 8, 2011 0 minute read Total 1 Shares 1 Total 1 Shares Like Tweet Pin it 1 Bree Ryback Owner & sometimes editor of Capitol Romance Blog, founder/lead coordinator of Capitol Romance Wedding Coordination, and owner of the Capitol Romance Shop. I love my husband Andy, my two crazy kiddos, and all things Harry Potter. I am a proud Penn State alum and NJ native loving life in NE Washington, DC.
View Post 2 Celebrating Love with a Splash: A Modern, Glitzy Wedding at DC Water Headquarters February 27, 2024 by Amye Rheault
View Post 5 Worth Another Look: Jennie & Jeff's Wedding at Virtue Feed & Grain February 17, 2024 by Amye Rheault
View Post 3 Winter Wedding at Josephine Butler Parks Center DC: A Love Story Wrapped in Classic Elegance January 28, 2024 by Amye Rheault
View Post 2 Hot Take: No One Wants Your Wedding Centerpieces at 11:55pm. October 23, 2023 by Amye Rheault
View Post 3 Falling in Love with DC: Kira & Alex's Eastern Market Wedding September 27, 2023 by Amye Rheault
View Post 2 Megan & Kevin Celebrate Love in a Historic Setting: A Fall Wedding at President Lincoln's Cottage August 30, 2023 by Amye Rheault
View Post 2 Vegan Marathoners Tie the Knot in Green Thumb Wedding at Glen Echo Park July 25, 2023 by Amye Rheault


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Ok, you know the drill. Too busy, no time, here's card, text later. This post officially kicks off 2001 UD Legends
In the meantime, Since Bay Rat inexplicably asked for it in this post:
Ah, I have smart readers. Somebody guessed. We have a "game used jersey" card of Hank Aaron with a Braves uniform that he never wore during his playing days. Here's Hank's Dressed to the Nines uniform page. Try to find a uni with red pinstripes in there. The Braves had blue pinstripes from 68-71, but the red ones weren't worn until 1976. Hank was wearing this uniform in '76 though. A quick recap:
Hank wearing the Blue Pinstripes
So Hank was retired by the time these uniforms were used by the Braves. Hank has been part of the Atlanta Braves' organization since forever, maybe he was wearing the uniform as a coach? According to MLB.com, he was never a coach for the Braves. But Tommie Aaron was... Oh dear lord, did I way overpay for a Tommie Aaron jersey card? If I did, so did everyone else who bought a 2001 Legends jersey of Aaron 'cause they all have the stripe.So I overpaid for the card, had to hound the seller for almost a week to get him to send me an invoice before I finally get fed up and paid with (blech) PayPal, once it arrived it showed up in a penny sleeve with wrinkles around the swatch, and the swatch may be from a Tommie Aaron or Rowland Office or Adrian Devine jersey to boot. But it's HANK. And besides, it says "Hank Aaron game-used jersey right on the back. It's got Richard P. McWilliam's signature and everything. Upper Deck would never lie to me would they? O God... I better watch more Shatner to get my mind off this.


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Radiosity In English - Form Factor Calculation by (03 June 1999) |
Return to The Archives |
In this document, I will attempt to explain the details of form factor calculation. I'll start with a physical world example; something you should easily be able to wrap your imagination around. I'll discuss the important relationships between the working pieces and how they fit into the real world. Following that, I'll discuss how the calculations actually work, step by step, and what everything means. And finally, I'll tie these pieces together with the actual radiosity equation (in proper notation) so you'll have a better chance at understanding the other radiosity references out there. |
A Physical World Example
We'll start with just two surfaces. Surface 'I' is emitting light and surface 'J' is not. These surfaces are quite large, say 8-square feet each and they're only an inch apart, facing one another. Also, since we're dealing with radiosity here, everything is typically considered a "perfect diffuse reflector". This means we can assume that surface 'I' is emitting an equal amount of light from all points on its surface (this is very important.) |
Energy Transmission
Our task is to figure out how the light being emitted from surface 'I' will affect (be received by) surface 'J'. Rather than speaking in terms of
surfaces, let's start by considering two points, one on each surface: Fig 1: Two points on two surfaces, each point defined by the intersection of similarly colored lines I have purposely chosen two points that are far apart. Given two surfaces of eight square feet each and only an inch between the surfaces, the relative angle between them should be quite extreme. That is, if you were to connect the two points with a piece of string, and look at the angle between the line of string and each surface's normal, the angle should be quite large. The angle between these two points (ignoring all other points on the surfaces for now) is important because majority of the energy emitted by any point on a surface is emitted in the direction of the surface's normal. In the case of our two example points, only a fraction of the emitted energy should reach the destination point. In short, the greater the angle, the less energy transmitted. This is also true for receiving energy. The greater the angle of the incoming energy, the less received. So we must take both angles into account when we calculate our form factor. If you only consider these two points, very little energy will be transmitted and received. The receiving point, however will still be brightly illuminated since it will receive most of its energy from the point on the transmitting surface directly across from it. Extending energy interaction between the two example points to the two example surfaces, it becomes quite clear that we'll need to iterate through two infinite loops. The first loop for each point on the receiving surface, and the second (inner) loop for each point on the transmitting surface, a task that would challenge any computer. |
Making it Possible
Fortunately, it is not necessary to iterate through the infinite set of points on the surfaces. We could subdivide each surface into a finite set
of smaller surfaces (patches.) These patches would act as "sub-areas" of the entire surface, giving us the ability to calculate the interaction
between large groups of points as a whole, rather than individually. This would produce some very accurate results, provided our subdivisions were able to accommodate one criterion: the area of two interacting patches must be relatively small, when compared to the distance between them. Fig 2: A random sampling of point interactions between two sets of surfaces In the example above, the gray lines represent a small set of interactions between two points. In Figure 2, example B, it is clear that the lines are very chaotic. However, looking at Figure 2, example A, the lines are much more uniform because the relative difference in angle from line to line is reasonably small. This uniformity comes from the fact that the patches are relatively small when compared to the distance between them. By meeting this criterion we can guarantee that all points on the receiving patch will have nearly the same relative angle to all points on the transmitting patch. Given this, we can treat each patch as an area of the surface and calculate the interaction between two patches only once. Keeping the relative angle between patches low allows us to minimize error. Other than our minimal error (which we're willing to accept in trade for the lack of two nested infinite loops) the only difference is area. Rather than a single point transmitting its energy directly to a single point on another patch, we're transmitting the energy over an AREA. And an AREA is receiving this energy. This is where the differential areas come in... |
Differential Areas
Differential areas are calculated by simply dividing the transmitting patch's area by the receiving patch's area. Doing this will result in a
value that can be used to scale the amount of energy leaving the transmission patch and arriving at the receiving patch. Of course, that energy needs to come from somewhere. The initial source of the energy for a transmitting patch is, of course, its surface. To decide how much energy a patch is to receive from its surface, you simply divide the patch's area by the surface's area. This fraction can be used to scale the surface's energy down to size for a patch. |
Doing The Work
Time to analyze our requirements. To shoot energy from one patch to another, we need the following:
We'll begin by determining the relative angles. This is the major factor in determining how much energy is transmitted and received. To determine this, you simply perform two dot products, each of the surface normals with 'V'. Be sure to use unit vectors and make sure your results are always positive. If you multiply these together, you'll have the "differential angle", which will always be a positive value less than 1.0. We'll need to consider distance in the equation since the farther away a patch is, the less energy it will receive. We aren't doing this to account for distance attenuation. We're doing this because a transmitting patch emits energy to everything on the front side of its plane. Everything that's not occluded, that is. You can think of a patch as a 180-degree view frustum. In much the same way that objects appear to shrink in a perspective view as they get farther from the viewpoint, receiving patches will occupy less "visible area" as they get farther from their emitting neighbors. To complicate matters (only slightly) it is important to note that, even though the patch may be square, the patch uses a "hemispherical" emission pattern. What I mean by this, is that a patch emits the most energy along its surface normal, and as the angle increases towards 90-degrees, that energy emission falls off. The direction doesn't matter, just the angle. To account for the variation of energy over distance and angle of emission, simply multiply PI by the square of the average distance between the patches. To apply this to your existing answer, simply divide your differential angle by this amount. At this point, we need to consider occluders by calculating a "visibility scalar." If anything is occluding these two patches, we need to know how much (ranging from 0.0 to 1.0). Most applications simply test a few rays between the two patches, and calculate the visibility scalar based on how many rays intersected an occluder. Some applications are content to test only one ray and consider them completely visible (1.0) or completely occluded (0.0). From experience, I can say that the more accurate your visibility scalar is, the more robust your results will be. Your shadow edges will be much cleaner edges with few jaggies. Since this is a scalar that represents how much of the energy makes it all the way to the receiving patch, simply multiply your running total by this amount. Finally, we need to take our differential area into account. The differential area is simply calculated by dividing the receiving patch's area by the transmitting patch's area. Multiply your running total by this value. At this point, we have our final result. You'll need to calculate reflection and illumination for the receiving patch so that the receiver can eventually contribute its reflected energy back to the scene. |
The Radiosity Equation
At this point, you should have a pretty solid understanding of how to calculate how much energy to transmit from patch to patch in a scene.
I'm going to attempt to solidify this knowledge by linking it to the kind of stuff you'll see in other references and books. The standard equation looks like this: Fig 3: The standard form factor equation according to Cohen & Greenberg (subscript i refers to the transmission patch and subscript j refers to the receiving patch) Since we've avoided the nested infinite loops, we can simplify this quite a lot: Fig 4: Simplified form factor equation for differential area patches If you're a math wizard, you can probably just skip to the next section now. If you refer back to the previous section, you should be able to follow this Greek stuff. They refer to the resulting form factor (for transmission patch 'i' and receiving patch 'j') as Fi-j. The cosines perform the differential angle calculation. We're using dot products since the dot product results in the cosine of the angle between two vectors, which is exactly what is needed. To account for distance, we have the division by pi r2 ('r' being the distance.) Following that, we apply the relative visibility between the two patches (Hij). And we top it all off with a heavy helping of differential area (dAj). |
Dealing with the Numbers
The first thing you'll notice when writing your first radiosity processor is that your numbers won't seem to make sense. They'll probably
seem way out of whack compared to your current rendering architecture. You must remember that we're dealing with energy here, not
standard lighting. Our range of possible values is not limited to [0…255]. The trick is going to be finding an adequate method for mapping the energy values into a displayable range. This is much trickier than it may seem, so I won't get into much detail other than to explain what's happening and point you in the right direction. The real world doesn't know anything about lighting value limits. It just throws energy around and your eyes have to adjust to your environment. Too little energy and you can't see. Too much energy and you can damage your retinas. There is no "upper limit" of light; the physics that control the universe don't clamp light values to 255 if they get too high. You'll need to consider your scene and scale your values into range as appropriate. In doing this, you may still have to clamp any minor overflow into your displayable range. There are papers, books and other references that discuss this material. Seek and you shall find! |
I certainly hope you found this document useful. I rather enjoyed writing
it (as I did with its predecessor.) - Paul Nettle |
Article Series: |


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Roberto Martinez was indebted to some Steven Pienaar "magic" after the midfielder scored Everton's winner against Hull with his first touch.
Former Tottenham man Pienaar struck just 10 seconds after coming on to give the home side a 2-1 victory at Goodison Park.
Kevin Mirallas put Everton in front and Yannick Sagbo equalised on the half-hour mark, before South African Pienaar scored the winner on his return from injury.
Martinez said: "Steven Pienaar brings something really special to our team. The way he works with Leighton Baines and the way he can find space.
"It was key for him to be fully fit, we knew he couldn't play the 90 minutes but the impact he had on the game was terrific. It was very important for us to have that little bit of magic to get that second goal."
Arouna Kone could have put the icing on the cake for the hosts when he struck the post, but Martinez was still able to reflect on a job well done.
He added: "It was a professional win, very satisfying. I was really worried before the game, it was a tricky fixture as we had so many players representing their nations that we only had a couple of days to prepare for the game and that's always a really difficult factor.
"I thought we started the game very well, the first 10-12 minutes we started with a tempo and with the quality we wanted. After scoring the first goal it became a scrappy affair and obviously Hull City are a team that will always put you under threat.
"I thought (in) the second half we controlled the game much better, we kept a very good clean sheet and then we got the goal that we needed.
"The third goal would have been a terrific moment for Arouna Kone with the way he's been working behind the scenes. He deserved that finish, hitting the post made it a more anxious finish than it should have been."
Martinez also leapt to the defence of Gareth Barry after Hull boss Steve Bruce described the on-loan midfielder's challenge on Sone Aluko as "horrific".
Barry was shown a yellow card as a result of the challenge, having also been involved in a tackle with Danny Graham that resulted in the striker being replaced due to a knee injury.
But Martinez said: "I think there were a few challenges due to the conditions, it was a wet pitch and the rain made it even quicker and there was a couple of challenges.
"There was one on Phil Jagielka in the second half, but I thought the referee understood the conditions to assess the challenges. I think Gareth gets the ball and then he slips away.
"I thought the referee was right to give a yellow card, bearing in mind that was the decision he gave for other challenges in the game."
- Soccer News Like
- Be the first of your friends!


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"If you bought it, a Trucker brought it. Probably while awake for three days straight hopped up on methanphetamines. Also they stink."
Truckers are a holy fraternal order first founded sometime between 9000 and 8800 BC They have dedicated their lives to helping the innocent and weak, provided that the weak aren't actually total asses. The more formal name of the Truckers is the Holy Confraternal Order of Interstate truckers. This name is confusing for two reasons. For one, it's technically a fraternal order, NOT a confraternal one. Secondly, it applies only to interstate truckers, when in fact all members of the order ACTUALLY ARE INTERSTATE TRUCKERS! Third, the T in trucker is lowercase(!!!). Fourth, what is the technical difference between a fraternal and confraternal order?
The trucker spends their entire life shepherding the weak through darkness, protecting the righteous from the evil, defending freedom, and occasionally snorting meth and/or having one night stands with any available women. They travel from town to town fighting evil, often outside of Truck Stops and bars. Truckers develop an ability to perceive evil that many believe is supernatural, though it is actually based on long, hard experience. They are rarely wrong when they see evil, and it is thus important that you help in shit-kicking anyone with whom a trucker gets into a fight with. If a trucker gets into a fight with YOU, then a re-appraisal of your life may be in order.
Trucker Training[edit]
Truckers learn to be truckers in the Trucker School(duh!). There they learn critical skills that will aid them in their fight against evil. These skills include shitkicking, ball-busting, ass-whipping, curb-stomping, the transmutation of cheap jelly donuts into gourmet ones, hiding bodies, and sliding the fifth wheel. The protection of good, as you can tell, consists of mostly(53%, in fact) fighting and partying.Must be able to eat cheeseburger while snarfing down milkshake.
The Enemies of Trucking[edit]
- Bears (Pigs, Bobbies, The Fuzz, Police, et. al.)
- Log Books
- Hollywood
- Nurses
- Burger delivering ninjas
- Squirrels
- Krispy Kreme
- The Sega Corporation
- The False Truckers
- Milton Keynes
- Everything Evil
- Pastrami Sandwiches (to be eaten)
Allies of Truckers[edit]
- Pee Bottles
- Fat Coffee Shop Workers
- Log Books
- Pirates
- Professional Poker Players
- Seals, Walruses and Sea Lions
- Truck Stops
- Rest Areas
A brief history of trucking[edit]
Truckers first formed when a collection of wandering, unshaven anti-heroes(almost exactly like the types you see in old spaghetti westerns, only with stone age technology), decided they could be more effective when organized. They realized they needed a means of traveling the world searching for evil, while at the same time remaining unnoticed and producing enough of a profit to finance their battle.
The obvious solution was to transport goods for other people, all over the world. The first truckers used sleds, and later wagons, carts, and really large ceramics. By the 1970's, they began using spaceships. Also, in the 1970's, the movie Smokey and the Bandit showed up. This was a deceit propogated by Hollywood, who were once allies of the Truckers. After Hollywood's betrayal was revealed, the truckers allied themselves with the porn industry, and together they have been fighting Hollywood ever since.
Truckers and you[edit]
Identifying truckers is easy. They ride in a truck along interstates. If you have any doubt about whether or not a trucker is actually a trucker, give him a jelly donut. They will transmute it into a gourmet jelly donut.
BEWARE THE FALSE TRUCKERS![edit]
If you have any stories of avoiding false truckers, send them into your nearest trucking agency and you could WIN A FREE 21" FLATSCREEN MONITOR!
The Perils of Trucking[edit]
In addition to the more mundane difficulties of trucking, such as double clutching down a 30% downgrade with an eaton fuller 18 gear tranny on a Cummins 550 Twin Double Turbo diesel with no jakes to keep an 80 ton vehicle below a 35 mile per hour downhill speed limit, truckers are often the only people nearby who can fight off threats that appear mostly in rural settings, such as subterranean monsters, clouds of weird blackish stuff, and clinics that only contain nurses. Also, those guys who carry rifles around in their private planes when they're not going to land anywhere except the little airstrip they took off from in the first place. What's up with those guys?
By far the biggest danger facing truckers is WEIGH STATIONS! See, the conspiracy knows the existence of the Truckers, but they can't wage war against them openly, for fear of revealing their own existence to the world. Thus, they had their toadies in the governments of the world create weigh stations, to give them an excuse to track the movements of truckers and to round up those who became to much of a threat, and replace them with FALSE TRUCKERS!
The secret language of the Truckers is their greatest accomplishment, and probably warrants an entire article of it's own. Despite what you may have learned Trucker is not merely a collection of slang or an informal patois developed over CB radio. Rather, it is the world's most sophisticated form of verbal communication, created over millennia to do things no other language can. In addition to being able to conceal ideas from those who do not know Trucker under the guise of CB radio slang, Trucker can be used to express ANY IDEA OR CONCEPT! Thet's right, any concept or idea can be expressed in Trucker, usually more easily than in other languagues, as well. In fact, only in trucker can one express things like 11th dimmensional interbody comsspeak, anti-mind-control multinary logic, the ingredients of secret sauces, the theories of anarcho-capitmunism, and the true nature of God (all 57 of them) be expressed.
This makes Trucker the most powerful, but also the most dangerous language in existence. For the truckers know very well that the expression of certain ideas in certain interpersonal communication forms, can upset, rip, and distort the very fabric of the universe! Indeed, Trucker is also the most powerful magical language in existence, which is why truckers strive to protect it's secrets. Only three times have they been willing to unleash the forbidden magical powers of this language. Once, when the foul servants of Sega unleashed the magjyiecqkkal (the only REAL spelling of evil magic!) powers they had gained through the mind-control devices in Sega Genesi upon the world. Secondly, well, no one knows the second time, but it wasn't pretty. Third, when Terry was having a bad day. People were pretty mad at Terry after that.
Although it's possible that a few non-truckers have learned Trucker, they are guarding it just as carefully as actual truckers would, having surely realized the potential power of the language.
Did You Know?[edit]
- That Pirates are friends with Truckers? Pirates keep down the population of the Truckers enemy, Shippers. Plus, both enjoy Booze and loose women.
- The Chuck Norris was briefly a trucker?
- Truckers are allies with seals, and they often travel together!
- "Pastrami is edible?" - Captain Obvious
- Some truckers are robots?


text:
Strain: Hire Licensed Horticulture Professionals
June 17, 2013
Louisiana Agriculture and Forestry (LDAF) Commissioner Mike Strain, D.V.M., is urging Louisiana homeowners to hire only licensed landscape horticulturists, arborists and landscape irrigation contractors when doing major landscaping work at their homes or businesses.
"Every spring and summer, 'yard specialists' claiming to be landscaping professionals begin making rounds in neighborhoods offering bargain basement deals for yard work," Strain said. "Many have little or no training and their work is often substandard.
"All arborists, landscape horticulturists and landscape irrigation contractors must be licensed by the Louisiana Department of Agriculture and Forestry," Strain said.
Oversight of these professionals is through the LDAF's Horticulture and Quarantine Programs division.
Strain advised that homeowners ask to see a license issued by LDAF before allowing any work to be done on their property. Homeowners should also ask arborists, landscape horticulturists and landscape irrigation contractors for references before engaging their services and should follow up by checking those references.
"Licensed arborists and landscape irrigation contractors must also have current liability insurance before a license is issued," Strain said.
"Homeowners should ask for copies of the arborist and landscape irrigation contractor's liability insurance," Strain added. "They can then call the contractor's insurance company to verify that the policy is current or they can contact our office. These are basic steps homeowners should take to be sure that they are hiring a licensed professional."
Strain said horticulture professionals must pass an exam to ensure that they have the training necessary to do the work. Arborists and landscape irrigation contractors are required to attend continuing education training to renew their licenses. In addition, licensed horticultural professionals are required to display their LDAF license number on their vehicles.
Call the Horticulture and Quarantine Programs division at 225-952-8100 if there are any questions about whether a landscape horticulturist, landscape irrigation contractor or arborist is properly licensed. A list of licensed horticulture professionals is also available at www.LDAF.la.gov.


text:
Module 11: Preparing for Trial
Module Goal
- Appreciate the effort necessary to to bring a case to trial.
- Learn which types of audio and visual aids are most effective in the courtroom setting.
- Organize your teams approach for testimony and rebuttal.
Trial preparation begins after pleadings have been reviewed by the court and the court determines there is significant merit to the complaint to proceed to trial. In most cases, the intent is to develop trial strategies and begin finding of fact as soon as possible. But, like most projects and 80% of the effort is completed during the last 20% of time available. So as the trial date nears, expect the level of activity expended by the parties to increase exponentially.
Pretrial Posturing
Part of the trial preparation strategy is presenting a compelling case that causes the opposition to avoid going to trial. The form of posturing is akin to playing card game where some cards are in view of all players and the rest are held tightly in confidence by each player. So, part of the plaintiff and defense teams' effort is to evaluate the value of the displayed cards and estimate the potential of the cards yet to be shown. Interrogatories, affidavits and depositions are intended to put all the cards into play so the parties can evaluate the strengths of their case. Only in extremely unique circumstances does the court allow new evidence to be entered after the pretrial stage. Once the trial has begun the court intends to have the parties working with the same "cards". The only uncertainty after the trial begins is the jury's reaction to what they see and hear.
What do the parties prepare for trial?
Keep in mind that no new information is allowed following the impanelling of the jury; the focus is convincing the jury of your case. Knowing what it takes to convince the jury -- that question is probably best answered when the jury has been polled following their presentation of the verdict.
Effective litigation requires each party to "tell a compelling story". Counsel has to use whatever means necessary to help the jury understand their clients story. Visual aids are usually very effective if they are clear, concise and easily recognizable by the jurors. Videos, photos, charts and cartooned illustrations are typically used during testimony to help illustrate the points that experts want to make. So, considerable effort is made to present visual aids in a format that is simple to manage in the courtroom. Chalk drawings are also used in the court. Chalk drawings can be done in the format of flip charts, overheads or overlays to prepared visual aids. One drawback of chalk drawings is they often cannot be formally entered as part of the testimony record.
Student Assignment


text:
My brother is a minister and I'm a cop. If anyone is going to get into trouble, it's going to be one of our kids. Damn. Why is it that when you're part of a high-profile, seemingly morally and legally righteous profession, your kids are more likely to break the rules and get caught?
First of all, they're not. Cops' kids (and preachers' kids too) are not any more likely to screw up than the rest of the teen population. Here's the thing though: when they do, it's often a really big deal — to you, to them, to the community, and maybe even to the department.
So what do you do when your little angel gets on the wrong side of the law? Well, I'm a cop, so just like when we're dealing with a crime problem, a two-pronged approach seems best. Lets look first at prevention and then at your response.
An Ounce of Prevention
• Don't get so wrapped up in saving the world that you forget what (and who) is at home. Before I retired, I sometimes made the mistake of minimizing my own kids' problems because of the tragedy I saw every day at work. "You didn't make team captain? Big deal. You've got roof over your head, your uncle isn't molesting you, and you get to watch MTV on that flat screen TV that my overtime details paid for. Quit your whining." This, my crimefighting friends, is NOT good parenting. Instead, listen to them, and try to put yourself in their world. Remember what it was like to be a teenager? Well, it's a whole lot more difficult now and kids need their parents to listen and help them problem-solve, not tell them how terrible the rest of the world is and how lucky they should feel. Of course, we want our kids to be socially aware and have compassion for the less fortunate, but we also need to realize and acknowledge that our kids' trials and tribulations are significant to them, and therefore, important to us. It's also great to be involved in the community, in the department charity, and in helping those underprivileged kids in your beat who need a good role model, but don't forget about your own kids in the process.
• Don't set standards so high that they are impossible to meet. Its now an oft-told family joke that I wouldn't let my husband buy our daughter an iPod when she was in the fifth grade. Why? Because I worked in a community where kids were often given too much too soon and I was convinced that an iPod at age eleven would turn my baby girl into a crack whore. I was often too hard on her and those around her. When she was little, I was sure that everyone was a child molester. As she got older, I rode her so hard about her behavior (which was great 98 percent of the time) that finally her older brother had to step in and tell me that I needed to realize that she was a really good kid and I should lighten-the-heck up. Its no secret that cops tend to think catastrophically, but sometimes you need to take a step back. Are you always demanding perfection in your child's behavior? If your kid is starting to rebel, have you asked yourself (and them) why? Do you even know what real rebellion is? Sometimes it's hard being a cop's kid. Read (or re-read) Dr. Gilmartin's Emotional Survival for Law Enforcement and study the effects of the Hypervigilance Biological Rollercoaster® on parenting. It's pretty sobering stuff.
• Use the job as a teaching tool. A few years ago, I started a little informal ritual with my budding teenaged girl. I'd come home from work (or even call her from my patrol car) and tell her "stupid teenaged girl" stories from my day at work. I never told her names or other compromising details, but I did tell her a million ways that girls her age and older got into trouble with the police and with their parents in my community. Sometimes she'd laugh, sometimes she'd be mortified, sometimes she'd be downright baffled at the stupidity of her peers; but I think she always learned something from those stories. I made sure that I didn't shelter her from the uncomfortable facts, and I also frequently asked her opinion. I tried hard not to issue any ultimatums ("you better make sure I never hear about YOU getting into that kind of trouble!") and I also used those times to talk about things like date rape, drug and alcohol use, and other uncomfortable but necessary topics that we often avoid discussing with our kids. She and her friends now speak pretty freely in front of me because, as my daughter says, "my mom has heard it all." That open line of communication is huge when you're trying to navigate the teen years as a parent.
Have an active (not over-reactive) response
• Don't overreact. There's a very good chance your kid might get into a bit of trouble, or even a lot of trouble, at one time or another. Make sure your response is reasonable and appropriate. There's a big difference between a speeding ticket and a DUI. This is where your police tactics and training may actually pay off. Prepare ahead of time, just in case. Mentally rehearse how you'll react when you get some bad news about your kid's behavior. Practice using your tactical breathing to gain control of your emotions and use your experience to recall all of the stupid things you've seen otherwise "good" kids do while you're at work. Make sure the punishment really does fit the crime, and when dealing with the arresting officer, treat them how you'd like to be treated if it was you issuing the citation. Focus on getting through and remember what my old lieutenant used to say: "If it didn't come out of the end of a gun, we can probably fix it."
• Don't make it all about you. When our kids get in trouble, its immediately going to be seen as a reflection on us. People are going to judge our parenting, our values, sometimes even our skill as a cop. ("He can't even keep his own kid in line, how effective can he be on the street?") It doesn't help to scream at Junior things like "You've embarrassed me! How could you have done this to me?! How am I going to show my face at work after this?" That kind of reaction only reinforces to your family that your job is more important than they are. Yes, your kids have a responsibility to be law-abiding members of the community, not because of you or your career, but because it's the right thing to do and it will significantly affect their future. Help your kid to see how their actions affect everyone, not just you.
• Support your kid... be a parent first, and a cop second. "Supporting" your kid, however, does not mean getting him out of trouble. When my oldest stepson called me to tell me he'd received a "minor in possession" ticket a few months short of his 21st birthday, my first reaction was to give him a butt-chewing he'd never forget. But then I remembered what a good kid he normally is, so I got the citation information and the deputy's name and told my kid I'd get back to him. Did I call the cop and beg him to tear up the ticket? Not on your life. I called him, introduced myself, explained the situation, and asked him if my son had been polite and cooperative. He had been, so I apologized for my son's temporary stupidity, called him back and thanked him for being a good guy to the cop and told him that better get himself to court and pay that ticket with his own money. (I also promised not to tell his dad; sorry Dave!)
Parenting is hard. Parenting while working shifts, dealing with the bottom rung of society, and being suspicious of everyone is even harder. One of the best things you can do for your kid is be there. Police work can be all-consuming, so proactively schedule time with your family, keep your promises, and make sure your kids know that they are more important than your job (or anything else, for that matter).
As Dr. Ellen Kirschman talks about in her book I Love a Cop, we often "police" our families in the same way we police at work, becoming overly critical and controlling. Examine your own parenting and the dynamics of your family and make some changes if necessary. Ask your kids for suggestions, model the behavior you want to see in them, expect them to be good citizens, and get to know them as people, not just as your kid.
Most of all, enjoy them; they grow up too damn fast.


text:
After his meeting with UK Foreign Secretary William Hague on Monday 25 February 2013, US Secretary of State John Kerry, accompanied by Hague, addressed reporters in London with remarks that highlighted the real values that many in the Islamic world despise about Western governments – hypocrisy and arrogance.
Talking about the situation in Syria Kerry said:
We obviously discussed Syria today, and William and I agree that the Syrian people deserve better than the horrific violence that now invades and threatens their everyday lives – the lives of innocent people, the lives of people who simply want an ability to have their government be accountable and to be able to be part of the governance of their own lives. The Assad regime has rained down rockets on Aleppo in recent days, and that is just the latest example of Assad's brutality. We condemn this indiscriminate killing of innocent civilians, and we condemn it in the strongest terms. And it is just further evidence that Assad has to go.
Completely forgotten is America's onslaught against innocent civilians around the world who have rockets and missiles launched from drones raining down on them almost daily. Many in the world condemn America's indiscriminate killing of innocent civilians just as they condemn the killings going on in Syria.
Kerry's remarks are typical of America's hypocrisy.
After his remarks about Syria, Kerry moves on to the subject of Iran saying:
William and I also today discussed on a couple of occasions Iran's nuclear program and tomorrow's P-5+1 talks with Iran that take place in Kazakhstan. As we've said again and again, an Iran with a nuclear weapon in that region, and given all that has happened, is simply unacceptable. And we have stated that they will not obtain a nuclear weapon. President Obama has been crystal clear about this. And as we've repeatedly made clear, the window for a diplomatic solution simply cannot by definition remain open forever. But it is open today. It is open now. And there is still time, but there is only time if Iran makes the decision to come to the table and to negotiate in good faith. We are prepared to negotiate in good faith, in mutual respect, in an effort to avoid whatever terrible consequences could follow failure. And so the choice really is in the hands of the Iranians, and we hope they will make the right choice.
Time and time again Iran has stated that it is only interested in the civilian use of nuclear energy. And time and time again evidence supporting US Israel claims that Iran has a nuclear weapons program has been conspicuous by its absence. Despite years of claims that Iran is 'only months away' from building a bomb, there has not been a single skerrick of evidence to support any of their claims. To ignore Iran's denials and to continue ratcheting up the threats to Iran if it doesn't comply with America and the West's demands while, at the same time, failing to demand Israel open up its nuclear facilities for inspection, is typical of America's arrogance.
Western leaders have repeated loudly and often that what 'they' hate about 'us' is our values.
If hypocrisy and arrogance are the values of the West, then who can blame them?


text:
By NOAKI SCHWARTZ and HARRY R. WEBER, Associated Press Writers Noaki Schwartz And Harry R. Weber, Associated Press Writers – 55 mins ago
ON THE GULF OF MEXICO – Icelike crystals encrusting a 100-ton steel-and-concrete box meant to contain oil gushing from a broken well deep in the Gulf of Mexico forced crews Saturday to back off a long-shot plan to contain the leak.
The buildup on the specially constructed containment box made it too buoyant and clogged it up, BP chief operating officer Doug Suttles said. Workers who had carefully lowered the massive box over the leak nearly a mile below the surface had to lift it and move it to the side. Now they're trying to unplug it while they look at other solutions.
More than 200,000 gallons of crude have spewed into the Gulf since a rig exploded April 20, killing 11. The containment box, a method never before attempted at such depths, had been considered the best hope of stanching the flow in the short term.
"I wouldn't say it's failed yet," Suttles said. "What I would say is what we attempted to do last night didn't work."
The blowout was triggered by a bubble of methane gas that escaped from the well and shot up the drill column, expanding quickly as it burst through several seals and barriers before exploding, according to interviews with rig workers conducted during BP's internal investigation.
While the precise cause is still under investigation, the sequence of events described in the interviews provides the most detailed account of the April 20 blast that killed 11 workers and touched off the underwater gusher that has poured more than 3 million gallons of crude into the Gulf.
Portions of the interviews, two written and one taped, were described in detail to an Associated Press reporter by Robert Bea, a University of California Berkeley engineering professor who serves on a National Academy of Engineering panel on oil pipeline safety and worked for BP PLC as a risk assessment consultant during the 1990s. He received them from industry friends seeking his expert opinion.
A group of BP executives were on board the Deepwater Horizon rig celebrating the project's safety record, according to the transcripts. Meanwhile, far below, the rig was being converted from an exploration well to a production well.
Based on the interviews, Bea believes that the workers set and then tested a cement seal at the bottom of the well. Then they reduced the pressure in the drill column and attempted to set a second seal below the sea floor. A chemical reaction caused by the setting cement created heat and a gas bubble which destroyed the seal.
Deep beneath the seafloor, methane is in a slushy, crystalline form. Deep sea oil drillers often encounter pockets of methane crystals as they dig into the earth.
As the bubble rose up the drill column from the high-pressure environs of the deep to the less pressurized shallows, it intensified and grew, breaking through various safety barriers, Bea said.
"A small bubble becomes a really big bubble," Bea said. "So the expanding bubble becomes like a cannon shooting the gas into your face."
Up on the rig, the first thing workers noticed was the sea water in the drill column suddenly shooting back at them, rocketing 240 feet in the air, he said. Then, gas surfaced. Then oil.
"What we had learned when I worked as a drill rig laborer was swoosh, boom, run," Bea said. "The swoosh is the gas, boom is the explosion and run is what you better be doing."
The gas flooded into an adjoining room with exposed ignition sources, he said.
"That's where the first explosion happened," said Bea, who worked for Shell Oil in the 1960s during the last big northern Gulf of Mexico oil well blowout. "The mud room was next to the quarters where the party was. Then there was a series of explosions that subsequently ignited the oil that was coming from below."
According to one interview transcript, a gas cloud covered the rig, causing giant engines on the drill floor to run too fast and explode. The engines blew off the rig and set "everything on fire," the account said. Another explosion below blew more equipment overboard.
BP spokesman John Curry would not comment Friday night on whether methane gas or the series of events described in the internal documents caused the accident.
"Clearly, what happened on the Deepwater Horizon was a tragic accident," said Curry, who is based at an oil spill command center in Robert, La. "We anticipate all the facts will come out in a full investigation."
The BP executives were injured but survived, according to one account. Nine rig crew on the rig floor and two engineers died.
"The furniture and walls trapped some and broke some bones but they managed to get in the life boats with assistance from others," said the transcript.
The reports made Bea, the 73-year-old industry veteran, cry.
"It sure as hell is painful," he said. "Tears of frustration and anger."
On Saturday, the boat with the plumbing equipment for the containment box was about 1.5 miles from the vessel that lowered the box, which company officials hope can capture up to 85 percent of the oil and feed it into a tanker on the surface.
The task became increasingly urgent as toxic oil crept deeper into the bays and marshes of the Mississippi Delta.
A sheen of oil began arriving on land last week, and crews have been laying booms, spraying chemical dispersants and setting fire to the slick to try to keep it from coming ashore. But now the thicker, stickier goo — arrayed in vivid, brick-colored ribbons — is drawing ever closer to Louisiana's coastal communities.
The Coast Guard and BP said Saturday about 2.1 million gallons of an oil-water mix had been collected, with about 10 percent being oil and the rest water. More than 160 miles of boom to contain the oil has been put out and crews have used nearly 275,000 gallons of chemicals to break up the oil on the water's surface.
Schwarz reported from Los Angeles. Associated Press writers Cain Burdeau, Vicki Smith and Ray Henry in Louisiana, Jeff Donn in Boston and Michael Graczyk in Houston contributed to this report.


text:
LaTeX/Footnotes and Margin Notes
Footnotes edit
Footnotes are a very useful way of providing extra information to the reader. Usually, it is non-essential information which can be placed at the bottom of the page. This keeps the main body of text concise.
The footnote facility is easy to use. The command you need is: \footnote{text}
. Do not leave a space between the command and the word where you wish the footnote marker to appear, otherwise LaTeX will process that space and will leave the output not looking as intended.
Creating a footnote is easy.\footnote{An example footnote.}
LaTeX will obviously take care of typesetting the footnote at the bottom of the page. Each footnote is numbered sequentially - a process that, as you should have guessed by now, is automatically done for you.
If you want your footnote to be at the bottom of the page (instead of the default position of `glued` under the text), consider using:
You can also choose to place the footnote text manually. In this case we use the \footnotemark
% ...
Somewhere else\footnotetext{This is my footnote!}
The footnote number can also be explicitly specified.
% ...
Somewhere else\footnotetext[17]{This is my footnote!}
Customization edit
- Enumeration/counter style
It is possible to customize the footnote marking. By default, they are numbered sequentially (Arabic). However, without going too much into the mechanics of LaTeX at this point, it is possible to change this using the following command (which needs to be placed at the beginning of the document, or at least before the first footnote command is issued).
Arabic numerals, e.g., 1, 2, 3... |
Roman numerals (lowercase), e.g., i, ii, iii... |
Roman numerals (uppercase), e.g., I, II, III... |
Alphabetic (lowercase), e.g., a, b, c... |
Alphabetic (uppercase), e.g., A, B, C... |
A sequence of nine symbols, try it and see! |
To make a footnote without number mark use this declaration:
\let\thefootnote\relax\footnote{There is no number in this footnote}
In this way, the numbering is switched off globally. To have only one footnote without number mark, the above command has to be placed inside { }. Nevertheless, in that case, the current footnote counter is still incremented, so for instance you'd get footnote 1, unnumbered, and 3. A better solution[1] consists in defining the following macro in the preamble, and to use it:
The package footmisc offers many possibilities for customizing the appearance of footnotes. It can be used, for example, to use a different font within footnotes.
Reset counter edit
- every section
- every page
(This may require running LaTeX twice)
\usepackage{perpage} %the perpage package
\MakePerPage{footnote} %the perpage package command
Referencing a footnote edit
Can be done by placing a \label{labelName}
in the end of the footnote and use \ref{labelName}
to refer to the footnote.
Common problems and workarounds edit
- Footnotes don't work with tables, as it is considered a bad practice. You can overcome this limitation with several techniques: you can use
in the table, and\footnotetext[123]{HelloWorld!}
somewhere on the page. The same with references: use\footnote{HelloWorld!\label{fnote}}
somewhere on the page and\textsuperscript{\ref{fnote}}
in the table. Or, you can add\usepackage{footnotehyper}
to the preamble, and put your table environment in a\begin{savenotes}
environment. The latter does not work with the packages color or colortbl. See this FAQ page for other approaches (such as the use of tablenotes with threeparttable).
- Footnotes also don't work inside minipage environment. (In fact, several environments break footnote support. The
command of the footnote package might fix most.) The minipage includes its own footnotes, independent of the document's. The package mpfnmark allows greater flexibility in managing these two sets of footnotes.
- If the text within the footnote is a URL (using
commands) with special characters, it will not compile. You must either escape the characters with a leading backslash, or use another command.
- If the text within the footnote is very long, LaTeX may split the footnote over several pages. You can prevent LaTeX from doing so by increasing the penalty for such an operation. To do this, insert the following line into the preamble of your document:
or setting \samepage after footnote command:
\footnote{ \samepage text of the footnote follows }
- To make multiple references to the same footnote, you can use the following syntax:
Text that has a footnote\footnote{This is the footnote} looks like this. Later text referring to the same footnote\footnotemark[\value{footnote}] uses the other command.
If you need hyperref support, use instead:
Text that has a footnote\footnote{This is the footnote}\addtocounter{footnote}{-1}\addtocounter{Hfootnote}{-1} looks like this. Later text referring to the same footnote\footnotemark uses the other command.
These approaches will not work if there are other footnotes between the first reference and the subsequent "duplicate" references. For more general solutions, see here and here.
- If the footnote is intended to be added to the title of a chapter, a section, or similar, two methods can be used:
- Write
\section[title] {title\footnote{I'm a footnote referred to the section} }
where title is the title of the section. - Use the footmisc package, with package option stable, and simply add the footnote to the section title.
Margin Notes edit
Margin Notes are useful during the editorial process, to exchange comments among authors. To insert a margin note use \marginpar{margin text}
. For one-sided layout (simplex), the text will be placed in the right margin, starting from the line where it is defined. For two-sided layout (duplex), it will be placed in the outside margin and for two-column layout it will be placed in the nearest margin.
To swap the default side, use \reversemarginpar
and margin notes will then be placed on the opposite side, which would be the inside margin for two-sided layout.
If the text of your marginpar depends on which margin it is put in (say it includes an arrow pointing at the text or refers to a direction as in "as seen to the left..."), you can use \marginpar[left text]{right text}
to specify the variants.
To insert a margin note in an area that \marginpar
can't handle, such as footnotes or equation environments, use the package marginnote.
Another option for adding colored margin notes in a fancy way provides the package todonotes by using \todo{todo note}
. It makes use of the package pgf used for designing and drawing with a huge tool database.
The packages mparhack and marginnote can be used if the native \marginpar
command does not meet your needs.
The marginnote and geometry package can set the widths of the margins and marginnotes as follows.
In the preamble, insert
and use the geometry package with custom sizes:
\usepackage[top=Bcm, bottom=Hcm, outer=Ccm, inner=Acm, heightrounded, marginparwidth=Ecm, marginparsep=Dcm]{geometry}
where A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H are all numbers in cm (of course other units than cm can be used).
In the main text, employ the marginnote package according to:
\marginnote{typeset text here...}[Fcm]
- marginparwidth (E) is the width of the margin note,
- marginparsep (D) is the separation between the paragraph and the margin note,
- F is the downwards vertical offset from the first line the margin note was written (negative values of F shift the margin note upwards), and
- the value G = C − (D + E) is the separation between the edge of the margin note and the edge.
The example on the right was typeset by the following:
\usepackage[top=1.5cm, bottom=1.5cm, outer=5cm, inner=2cm, heightrounded, marginparwidth=2.5cm, marginparsep=2cm]{geometry}
\section{Margin notes}
\marginnote{This is a margin note using the geometry package, set at 0cm vertical offset to the first line it is typeset.}[0cm]
\marginnote{This is a margin note using the geometry package, set at 5cm vertical offset to the first line it is typeset.}[5cm]
Additionally, the minimum vertical gap between margin notes can be adjusted with \marginparpush
, such as with \setlength{\marginparpush}{0pt}
Notes and References edit
- ↑ "LaTeX footnotes". Retrieved 2016-01-14.
This page uses material from Andy Roberts' Getting to grips with LaTeX with permission from the author.


text:
Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger said a decision on his future at the club will be made at a board meeting following their FA Cup final clash against Chelsea later this month.
The Frenchman is out of contract at the Emirates at the end of the campaign as he prepares for the final Premier League game of the season against Everton with a hope to finish in the top-four for the 21st consecutive season.
"I don't know (what will happen in the meeting)," Wenger told a news conference on Friday.
"There are many aspects of a football club which has to be discussed at a board meeting. One of those is what happens with the manager, the players coming in, contract renewals.
"The most important thing is to win the football game. What happens to me after that is less important."
When asked whether a decision will be announced shortly after the FA Cup final on May 27, he replied, "Of course."
The North London club are relying on an upset to secure Champions League qualification. They are sitting fifth in the standings, one point behind fourth-placed Liverpool and three behind third-placed Manchester City.
Liverpool host already-relegated Middlesbrough and Manchester City travel to Watford who languish 16th in the standings.
Arsenal have won their last four league games and Wenger expected his side to focus on their own performance ahead of the final weekend of the season.
"We just want everybody to play 100 percent in last game as is the tradition in England." Wenger added.
"We have to do our job, we are professionals. We are on a good run and that's all we can do."
Midfielder Aaron Ramsey has recovered in time for the weekend's clash while Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain remained on the sidelines with an hamstring injury.
Wenger said he was yet to make a decision on the availability of defender Laurent Koscielny, who missed the last game with an Achilles injury.


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HSV Reveals Supercharged 577-HP Commodore-Based GTS Sedan
Faster sedans, wagons, pickups.
The Holden Special Vehicles team, a performance division of General Motors Australia's Holden arm, has created a new batch of fast sedans, wagons, and pickups. The cars are based on the new VF Commodore, and are dubbed the HSV Gen-F models.
All versions of the HSV Gen-F cars have rear-wheel drive and V-8 engines. The lineup starts with the Clubsport sedan and Maloo pickup, both of which use GM's 6.2-liter LS3 V-8 engine (which can also be found in the Chevrolet Camaro SS and outgoing Corvette). It sends 425 hp and 406 lb-ft of torque through a six-speed manual or automatic transmission to 20-inch wheels wrapped in Continental performance tires. Other standard goodies include four-piston front brake calipers from AP Racing, launch control for manual-transmission cars, bucket seats, and an eight-inch infotainment system.
The next step up is the Clubsport R8 sedan, Clubsport R8 Tourer wagon, and Maloo R8. The mechanically identical trio packs a version of the LS3 V-8 tuned to produce 436 hp; other upgrades include different wheel designs, a two-mode exhaust, a head-up display, forward collision and blind-spot warning systems, and LED taillights. Opting for the R8 SV Enhanced package adds a two-mode air intake that boosts power to 456 hp and torque to 420 lb-ft, along with Satin Graphite wheels and a unique trunk spoiler.
The HSV Senator Signature is a luxury-oriented version of the performance sedans. Along with the 456-hp version of the 6.2-liter LS3 V-8, it packs a more subdued bodykit, projector headlights, a subtler trunk spoiler, power front leather seats, heated front seats, a nine-speaker Bose audio system, and dual-zone climate control.
The most exciting of the new Holden HSV Gen-F cars is the GTS sedan, which co-opts the supercharged 6.2-liter LSA V-8 engine from the Chevrolet Camaro ZL1. Fitting the engine forced Holden to make many adjustments to the VF Commodore, including adding larger radiators and more cooling surfaces, but the result is 577 hp and 546 lb-ft. In addition to a unique bodykit with deeper side skirts and a larger rear wing, the HSV GTS receives six-piston front brake calipers, quad exhaust tips, a leather-wrapped steering wheel, leather sports seats, metal pedals, and a nine-speaker Bose sound system. The video embedded below details more on the HSV GTS, as HSV's Greg Murphy provides a walkaround of the performance sedan.
Because the upcoming 2014 Chevrolet SS shares its basic components and chassis with the Holden VF Commodore, we'd love to see some of these go-fast HSV variants come to America -- particularly the 577-hp GTS model. Sadly, for now the SS will be offered only with a 415-hp version of the LS3 V-8 engine and a six-speed automatic transmission. Still plenty powerful, but not quick as enticing as an HSV GTS with a manual transmission. For that, we'll have to move to Australia.
Source: Holden
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David replies:Hi I'm 14 and have been masturbating for 2 years now. I masturbate about 2-3 times a day. When i ejaculate the come squirts out about 1 and half feet and i usually have 4 strong squirts of come. Is this normal for my age? What should i do?
Hi Concerned Boy,
The very, very short answer is "you're doing fine." How far you can ejaculate or how far or how often aren't really important. Really! There's not a right way to ejaculate, which means you don't have to do anything different.
When I was a little younger than you are some of the older boys at school would carry on as it was a race -- who could squirt the most, or the most often, or the quickest, or, especially, the farthest. I just thought it felt good! And that's the most I think anyone really needs to worry about.


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Nick Florence, Baylor win first Big 12 game of 2012
WACO, Texas -- Nick Florence threw for 367 yards and three touchdowns, running back Lache Seastrunk had 194 total yards and Baylor won its first Big 12 game of the season, beating Kansas 41-14 Saturday.
Baylor (4-4, 1-4) led 20-14 at halftime before pulling away in the second half to snap a four-game losing streak.
Florence was 26 of 42 and surpassed 3,000 yards passing for the season. The senior had touchdown passes of 11, 68 and 40 yards.
James Sims had 126 rushing yards for Kansas (1-8, 0-6), which lost its eighth in a row and 18th straight Big 12 game. The Jayhawks last won a conference game on Nov. 6, 2010, against Colorado, now of the Pac-12.
Glasco Martin rushed for 157 yards and Terrance Williams had 11 catches for 137 yards, including an 11-yard touchdown on Baylor's opening drive.
Baylor's defense allowed 210 points during the losing streak before tightening up in the second half on Saturday.
The Bears stuffed Taylor Cox's fourth-and-2 run on the first drive of the second half. Baylor capitalized four plays later on Bryce Petty's 1-yard TD run.
After Ahmad Dixon intercepted a pass at the Kansas 40, Florence had a 7-yard TD run to extend Baylor's lead to 34-14 with 2:24 remaining in the third quarter.
The senior quarterback added a 40-yard touchdown pass to Tevin Reese in the fourth quarter as the Bears finished with 666 total yards.
Florence came into the game leading the nation in passing yards. He now has 3,019 yards and 25 touchdowns.
Florence hit 5 of 6 passes on the opening drive of the game.
Seastrunk, a transfer from Oregon who sat out last season, broke free in the Kansas secondary and caught a 68-yard touchdown pass to push Baylor's lead to 14-0 in the first quarter, the Bears' 11th play of 50 or more yards this season. Seastrunk had 103 yards rushing and 91 receiving.
Sims' 58-yard touchdown run cut the deficit to 14-7. The junior has rushed for more than 100 yards in five straight games.
Kansas quarterback Michael Cummings, who made his third career start just 60 miles away from his hometown of Killeen, added a 22-yard TD run in the second quarter.
Aaron Jones kicked two field goals in the second quarter, including a 22-yarder that put the Bears up 20-14 just before halftime.
The game was delayed for 46 minutes just before the start of the third quarter after lightning was reported within 7 miles of Floyd Casey Stadium.
Fans were advised to take cover for an incoming storm, but it barely rained during the stoppage. There was a light rain at the start of the third quarter that let up after several minutes.
Game Information
2023 Big 12 Conference Standings
Team | CONF | OVR |
Texas | 8-1 | 12-2 |
Oklahoma State | 7-2 | 10-4 |
Oklahoma | 7-2 | 10-3 |
Iowa State | 6-3 | 7-6 |
Kansas State | 6-3 | 9-4 |
West Virginia | 6-3 | 9-4 |
Texas Tech | 5-4 | 7-6 |
Kansas | 5-4 | 9-4 |
Houston | 2-7 | 4-8 |
Baylor | 2-7 | 3-9 |
Cincinnati | 1-8 | 3-9 |