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Country | Governor Karbala | |
Colleges and Universities University of Karbala, Ahlulbait University College |
Map of Karbala
Karbala (Arabic: كَرْبَلَاء, Karbalā', Persian: کربلاء) is a city in central Iraq, located about 100 km (62 mi) southwest of Baghdad, and a few miles east of Lake Milh. Karbala is the capital of Karbala Governorate, and has an estimated population of 0.7 million people (2015).
- Map of Karbala
- Imam hussain hazrat abbass shrine karbala
- Iraq karbala celebrates ashoura
- Etymology
- Climate
- Battle of Karbala
- Early modern
- Main sights
- Mesopotamia in the Quran
- Ahadith
- Sports
- Media
- University
- Indian subcontinent
- References
The city, best known as the location of the Ghazwaṫ Karbalā' (Arabic: غَـزوَة كَـربَـلَاء, Battle of Karbala) in 680 CE, or the Masjidayn (Arabic: مَـسـجِـدَيـن, two Mosques) of Imam Husayn and Abbas, is considered as a holy city for Shi'ite Muslims as Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem. Tens of millions of Shi'ite Muslims visit the site twice a year, rivaling Mecca as a place of pilgrimage. The martyrdom of Imam Husayn ibn Ali is commemorated annually by millions of Shi'ites, Up to 8 million pilgrims visit the city to observe 'Āshūrā' (Arabic: عَـاشُـورَاء, "Tenth Day" {of the month of Muharram}), which marks the anniversary of Imam Husayn's death, but the main event is the Arba'īn (Arabic: أَربَـعِـيـن, 40th day after Ashura), where up to 22 million visit the holy graves. Most of the pilgrims travel barefooted from all around Iraq and more than 56 countries.
Imam hussain & hazrat abbass shrine karbala ???? ???? ???? ????
Iraq karbala celebrates ashoura
Several theories address the origin of the name Karbalā'. The geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi expressed the traditional hypothesis: that the name is an alternate Arabic feminine version of karbalah ("soft earth"). Alternatively, it has been said to be derived from the Aramaic word Kora, meaning place for making bricks, for the nearby ancient city of Bābil (Arabic: بَـابِـل, Babylon), hence Karbābil (Arabic: كَـرْبَـابِـل), which became Karbalā' by contraction. According to Shi'ite belief, the archangel Gabriel narrated the true meaning of the name Karbalā' to Muhammad: a combination of karb (Arabic: كَـرب, the land which will cause many agonies) and balā' (Arabic: بَـلاء, afflictions)."
The word could also be derived from the Aramaic word כַרְבָלָא / ܟܪܒܠܐ [ krblh | karbālā ], ultimately derived from Akkadian karballatu. It also means a type of head covering and cock's comb.r
Karbala experiences a Semi-arid climate with extremely hot, dry summers and cool winters. Almost all of the yearly precipitation is received between November and April, though no month is truly wet.
Battle of Karbala
Karbala's prominence in Shia traditions is the result of the Battle of Karbala, fought on the site of the modern city on October 10, 680 AD (10 Muharram 61 AH). Both Imam Hussein ibn Ali and his brother Abbas ibn Ali were buried by the local Banī Asad tribe, at what later became known as the Mashhad Al-Hussein. The battle itself occurred as a result of Husain's refusal of Yazid I's demand for allegiance to his caliphate. The Kufan governor, Ubaydallah ibn Ziyad, sent thousands of horsemen against Imam Hussein as he traveled to Kufa. The horsemen, under 'Umar ibn Sa'd, were ordered to deny Imam Hussein and his followers water in order to force Imam Hussein to agree to give an oath of allegiance. On the 9th of Muharram, Imam Hussein refused, and asked to be given the night to pray. On 10 Muharram, Imam Hussein ibn Ali prayed the morning prayer and led his troops into battle along with his brother Al-Abbas. Many of Hussein's followers, including all of his present sons Ali al-Akbar, Ali al-Asghar (a few months old) and his nephews Qassim, Aun and Muhammad were killed.
In 63 AH (682 AD), Yazid ibn Mu'awiya released the surviving members of Imam Hussein's family from prison. On their way to the Mecca, they stopped at the site of the battle. There is record of Sulayman ibn Surad going on pilgrimage to the site as early as 65 AH (685 CE). The city began as a tomb and shrine to Hussein and grew as a city in order to meet the needs of pilgrims. The city and tombs were greatly expanded by successive Muslim rulers, but suffered repeated destruction from attacking armies. The original shrine was destroyed by the Abbasid Caliph Al-Mutawakkil in 850 but was rebuilt in its present form around 979, only to be partly destroyed by fire in 1086 and rebuilt yet again.
Early modern
Like Najaf, the city suffered from severe water shortages that were only resolved in the early 18th century by building a dam at the head of the Husseiniyya Canal. In 1737, the city replaced Isfahan in Iran as the main centre of Shia scholarship. In the mid-eighteenth century it was dominated by the dean of scholarship, Yusuf Al Bahrani, a key proponent of the Akhbari tradition of Shia thought, until his death in 1772, after which the more state-centric Usuli school became more influential.
The Wahhabi sack of Karbala occurred in 21 April 1802 (1216 Hijri) (1801), under the rule of Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad the second ruler of the First Saudi State, when 12,000 Wahhabis from Najd attacked the city of Karbala. The attack was coincident with the anniversary of Ghadir Khum event, or 10 Muharram. Wahhabis killed 2000-5000 of the inhabitants and plundered the tomb of Husayn ibn Ali, grandson of Muhammad and son of Ali bin Abi Talib, and destroyed its dome. Then they seized a large amount of spoils including golds, Persian carpets, money, pearl and guns accumulated in the tomb most of them donations. The attack lasted for 8 hours and Wahhabis left the city with more than 4,000 camels carrying their plunder.
After the First Saudi State invasion, the city enjoyed semi-autonomy during Ottoman rule, governed by a group of gangs and mafia variously allied with members of the 'ulama. In order to reassert their authority, the Ottoman army laid siege to the city. On January 13, 1843 Ottoman troops entered the city. Many of the city leaders fled leaving defense of the city largely to tradespeople. About 3,000 Arabs were killed in the city, and another 2,000 outside the walls (this represented about 15% of the city's normal population). The Turks lost 400 men. This prompted many students and scholars to move to Najaf, which became the main Shia religious centre. Between 1850 and 1903, Karbala enjoyed a generous influx of money through the Awadh Bequest. The Shia ruled Indian Province of Awadh, known by the British as Oudh, had always sent money and pilgrims to the holy city. The Oudh money, 10 million rupees, originated in 1825 from the Awadh Nawab Ghazi-ud-Din Haider. One third was to go to his wives, and the other two thirds went to holy cities of Karbala and Najaf. When his wives died in 1850, the money piled up with interest in the hands of the British East India Company. The EIC sent the money to Karbala and Najaf per the wives' wishes, in the hopes of influencing the Ulama in Britain's favor. This effort to curry favor is generally considered to have been a failure.
Karbala's development was strongly influenced by the Persians, who were the dominant community for many years (making up 75%of the city's population by the early 20th century). The Kammouna family were custodians of the shrines for many years and effectively ran the city until it fell under the control of the British Empire in 1915. While the Kammouna family surrendered rule over to the British and sought to work for and with the British, many notable Karbala clans continues to oppose the foreign invasion. One such clan is the historically well-known Karbala clan of Awad who has been inhabitants of the city for some 500 years. They, alongside others, fought directly against the British. According to the writings of Gertrude Bell, some of the Awad clan's sheiks were banished after the control of the city for many years before returning to re-establish their land and community prestige. The Awad Clan has historically been noted as one of the only clans in Karbala to actively oppose the British control and remain an influential family in the city to this day.
The association of the city with Shia religious traditions led to it being treated with suspicion by Iraq's Sunni rulers. Under Saddam Hussein's rule, Shia religious observances in the city were greatly restricted and many non-Iraqi Shia were not permitted to travel there at all.
In March 1991, the city was badly damaged and many killed when a rebellion by local Shia was put down with great brutality by Saddam's regime. The shrines and surrounding Shia houses, cemeteries, and hospitals became riddled with machine gun fire and military shelling. By April 1991, Saddam Hussein began an intense demolition project around the shrines in order to create a concrete perimeter. This "sanitary zone" created a wide open space in between and around the shrines. The shrines were rebuilt by 1994. After the United States Military Forces invaded Iraq in 2003, the administration allowed for foreign Shia pilgrims to an unrestricted Ashura pilgrimage in decades. Tens of thousands of Shia Muslims from other countries rushed to US embassies to get visit visas to attend Ashura in Karbala. The 2004 pilgrimage was the largest for decades, with over a million people attending from all over the world but mainly Iraqis. It was marred by bomb attacks on March 2, 2004, now known as the Ashoura massacre, which killed and wounded hundreds despite tight security in the city.
A big Shia festival passed off peacefully amid fears of possible violence that brought thousands of troops and police into the city. Hundreds of thousands of Shia pilgrims who had come together to celebrate the Shaabaniya ritual began leaving the southern city after September 9, 2006 climax ended days of chanting, praying and feasting. Heavy presence by police and Iraqi troops seemed to have kept out suicide bombers who have disrupted previous rituals.
On April 14, 2007, a car bomb exploded about 600 ft (180 m) from the shrine, killing 47 and wounding over 150.
On January 19, 2008, 2 million Iraqi Shia pilgrims marched through Karbala city, Iraq to commemorate Ashura. 20,000 Iraqi troops and police guarded the event amid tensions due to clashes between Iraqi troops and Shia Muslims which left 263 people dead (in Basra and Nasiriya).
Main sights
Mesopotamia in the Quran
Some Shi'ites consider this verse of the Quran to refer to Iraq, land of the Shi'ite sacred sites of Kufah, Najaf, Karbala, Kadhimiyyah (which used to be a town of its own, but is now a part of the city of Baghdad), and Samarra, since the Monotheistic preachers Ibrāhīm (Arabic: إِبـرَاهِـيـم, Abraham) and Lūṭ (Arabic: لُـوط, Lot), who are regarded as Prophets in Islam, are believed to have lived in the ancient Iraqi city of Ur, before going to Al-Arḍ Al-Mubārakah (Arabic: الأَرض الـمُـبَـارَكَـة, "The Land The Blessed").
But we delivered him (Ibrahim) and Lut (from their Polytheistic opponents), and directed them to the land which we have blessed for the Worlds.
Aside from the story of Abraham and Lot in Polytheistic Mesopotamia, there are passages in the Quran about Al-Jūdiyy Al-Munzal Al-Mubārak (Arabic: الـجُـودِيّ الـمُـنـزَل الـمُـبَـارَك, The Judi the 'blessed' landing-place), Babil and Qaryaṫ Yūnus (Arabic: قَـريَـة يُـونُـس, "Town of Jonah").
There are many Shi'ite traditions which narrate the status of Karbala:
"Karbala, where your grandson and his family will be killed, is the most blessed and sacred land on Earth, and it is one of the valleys of Paradise."
"God chose the land of Karbala as a safe and blessed sanctuary, twenty-four thousand years before He created the land of the Ka'bah and chose it as a sanctuary. Verily it [Karbala] will shine among the gardens of Paradise, like a shining star shines among the stars for the people of Earth."
"Not one night passes in which Gabriel and Michael do not go to visit him [Husayn]."
Also there are many Sunni traditions which narrate the status of Husayn:
Thus the tomb of the martyred Imam has acquired this great significance in Shi'ite tradition because the Imam and his fellow martyrs are seen as models of jihad in the way of God. Shi'ites believe that Karbala is one of the holiest places on Earth according to the following traditions (among others):
Karbala, where your grandson and his family will be martyred, is one of the most blessed and the most sacred lands on Earth, and it is one of the valleys of Paradise.
God chose the land of Karbalā' as a safe and blessed sanctuary twenty-four thousand years before He created the land of the Ka'bah and chose it as a sanctuary. Verily it (Karbala) will shine among the gardens of Paradise like a shining star shines among the stars for the people of Earth.
Karbalaa FC is a football club based in Karbala.
There are many references in books in films to "Karbala", generally referring to Hussein's death at the Battle of Karbala. Hussein is often depicted on a white horse impaled by arrows. There are films and documentaries about the events of Karbala in both animated and realistic form (see external links "Karbala: When the Skies Wept Blood"; "Safar-e-Karbala").
Video footage of the actual city exists in a British documentary entitled "Saddam's Killing Fields." The documentary shows the March 1991 destruction of the city by Saddam's army through the video camera of two brothers who lived in the city.
Hawza are the Islamic education institutions that are run collectively by mujtahid or Allamas to teach Shia Muslims and guide them through the rigorous journey of becoming and Alim. In terms of the hawaz in Karbala, After the death of a renowned Alama, the Sayyid Muhammad, the leadership in terms of teacher shifted to taqlid to mujtahid. This was a significant factor that lead to the leadership of Ulama to reside in Karbala and as well as Najaf. Initially Karbala's hawza (Islamic education institution) consisted mostly of Iranians and Turkish Ulama. After the death of Sharif-ul-Ulama Mazandarani in 1830 and the repression of the shia population by the Ottomans in 1843 both played an important role in the relocation of many Ulamas and thus Najaf becoming the center of Shia Islamic leadership in education.
As of now, there are two universities in Karbala. University of Karbala, which was inaugurated on March 1, 2002, is one of the top most universities in Iraq regarding academic administration, human resources, and scientific research. The Ahlulbait International University was founded in September 2003 by Dr. Mohsen Saleh Mohammed Baqir al-Qazwini. The university has three major focuses: Faculty of Law, Arts, and Islamic Law. Other majors of education such as medicine, agriculture, informatics etc. are still in the developing stages.
Indian subcontinent
In the Indian subcontinent Karbala apart from meaning the city of Karbala (which is usually referred to as Karbala-e-Mualla meaning Karbala the exalted), also means local grounds where commemorative processions end and/or ta'zīya are buried during Ashura or Arba'een, usually such grounds will have shabeeh (copy) of Rauza or some other structures.
In South Asia where ta'zīya refer to specifically to the miniature mausoleums used in processions held in Muharram. It all started from the fact that the great distance of India from Karbala prevented Indian Shi'is being buried near the tomb of Imam Husayn or making frequent pilgrimages(ziyarat) to the tomb. This is the reason why Indian Shi'is established local karbalas on the subcontinent by bringing soil from Karbala and sprinkling it on lots designated as future cemeteries. Once the karbalas were established on the subcontinent, the next step was to bring Husayn's tomb-shrine to India. This was established by building replicas of Husayn's mausoleum called ta'zīya to be carried in Muharram processions. Thousands of ta'zīyas in various shapes and sizes are fashioned every year for the months of mourning of Muharram and Safar; and are carried in processions and may be buried at the end of Ashura or Arbain.


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This article is more than 1 year old
HP flip-flops on sale of Personal Systems Group
We love PCs, after all
Meg Whitman, who in September replaced the deposed Leo Apotheker as president and CEO of HP, has decided that "exploring options" for the company's PC business will not, after all, involve selling the division.
Whether in response to indifference to the opportunity to buy its Personal Systems Group, or because it's decided there are a few strategies it hasn't tried yet, HP has just announced that it's keeping PSG after all.
"HP objectively evaluated the strategic, financial and operational impact of spinning off PSG," Whitman said in the announcement. "It's clear after our analysis that keeping PSG within HP is right for customers and partners, right for shareholders, and right for employees. HP is committed to PSG, and together we are stronger".
It's quite a change of tune for HP, which in September saw the PSG as something of an orphan in the business. Back then, PSG boss Todd Bradley said: "For PSG to compete for capital with everything from software to routers to printers, it makes enormous amounts of sense for the company to spin out, raise its own capital, invest in the PC priorities and the channel priorities around personal computing."
Now, Bradley says: "We intend to make the leading PC business in the world even better." ®


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This article is more than 1 year old
NSA plans massive, 65MW, $2bn data center in Utah
Yes, Utah
The ultra-secretive National Security Agency plans to build a 1-million-square-foot data center in Utah as it seeks to decentralize its computing resources and tap regions with ample supplies of lower-cost electricity.
When completed, the facility will require at least 65 megawatts of power and cost $1.93bn, according to news reports. The 120-acre data center will be located in Utah's Camp Williams, which borders Salt Lake and Tooele counties. Two major power corridors already run through the spot, a major reason the NSA chose it.
The plans help demonstrate how power is emerging as one of the biggest costs in building and running today's data centers. During an initial building phase with a budget of $181m, $52m will be spent in preparatory electrical work, including connecting the two corridors. Later phases will include $340m in electrical work.
The Utah facility will be the NSA's third major data center. In 2006, the Baltimore Sun reported the agency's Fort Meade location maxed out the capacity of the Baltimore area power grid, preventing the installation of new supercomputers that had been planned. In 2007, the NSA announced plans to build a second data center in San Antonio, Texas. The agency is expanding existing intelligence-collection facilities in the UK's North Yorkshire, as well.
The supercomputers will be part of the NSA's signal intelligence program, whose mission is to "gain a decisive information advantage for the nation and our allies under all circumstances," according to The Salt Lake Tribune, which cited Congressional documents. Additional coverage is here, and here.
The articles came around the same time The Washington Post reported that the Obama administration will proceed with a Bush-era plan to use NSA assistance is screening government computer traffic on private-sector networks. The plan is controversial because of the NSA's involvement in warrantless wiretapping of US citizens.
The program will scrutinize only data traveling to or from government systems, but it has provoked debate within the US Department of Homeland Security because of uncertainty about whether private data can be shielded from unauthorized scrutiny. ®


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Description (from the back of the volume): Things aren't looking good for Blast. Shin, under extreme stress from the band's rising success and his relationship with Reira, seeks out reconciliation wherever he can. Reestablishing ties with his own family turns out to be a horrible failure, and before he can connect Nana with her unknown little sister, Shin gets arrested! Is this the end of Blast?!
Review: I can clearly see why many readers would be incredibly frustrated with Nana. Nothing is simple and all the relationships that I would like to be over and done with continue, which infuriates me to no end. The two story lines, one from the future and one from the present, still remain and are cleverly placed with enough teasers to capture our attention.
In the future, Nana O. remains in hiding and singing in some remote pub in England according to the latest Japanese paparazzi photos. From what I gather in the bleak monologues, Nana O. has lost all hope. She is extremely depressed and quite possibly suicidal. Blast is no longer though the band mates still remain incredibly close. Nobu has partnered with his family business and running a club for aspiring musicians while Shin is a famous actor. It's unclear what Yasu seems to be doing, but it's possible that he picked his law degree back up. Nana K. seems have gone into a fashion business and she seems to have another kid.
Meanwhile in the present, Blast is all set for their first tour and they are ready to prove everyone that they are not just a manufactured one hit wonder. Things seem to be falling into place until Shin routinely shows up late for rehearsals and then suddenly is missing causing ripples of panic and frustration for his band. After a frantic search, Shin found in jail and is arrested. When we hear of Shin's arrest, we also find out through his texts that he has reached out to Nana's half sister's best friend and has requested her to meet and tell Nana O. everything about her family.
Like many of the side characters, I adore Shin. He and Nana O. share many similarities. They are both ostracized by their family, believed to be unloved and strongly attach themselves to others in order to feel whole. Now that Shin has lost his anchor with Reira, he is struggling to not only make a connection somewhere, but trying to find his purpose in life. The one good thing about this arrest is that it will hopefully give him some time to re-evaluate things and grow-up. Due to Shin's fiascos, Blast's tour is in jeopardy. The agency cancels the tour all together and I have to say that's a bit extreme. Now I'm left with several unanswered questions: Will Nana O's dream of becoming Japan's most famous rock star dream end or is she willing to leave her band and start a solo career? Will Nana O's half sister's best friend make it to Nana O and tell all about the family that she has never known? What drove Nana O. away from her friends and is it at all possible for a happy reunion? I guess the only way to find out is to read the next volume!
Rating: 4 stars
Words of Caution: Language, sexual situations, and crude humor. Recommended for mature teens and adults only.
If you like this book try: We Were There by Yuuki Obata, Nana Vol 19 by Ai Yazawa, Honey and Clover by Chica Umino, Tramps Like Us by Yayoi Ogawa


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The big discussion after the election has been the seemingly sudden realization by the Republican party that they need to do something about the fact that they are losing the minority vote, especially those of Latinos, big time. What is really shocking is that they did not realize this sooner, given that all the signs were there for some time.
Long before the election, I started paying attention to those analysts in the Latino community who said that the Republicans were making a bad miscalculation with respect to the Hispanic voters, by alienating with their nativist rhetoric a group that could easily be their natural allies, since they are generally more religious, largely Catholic, and have quite conservative social values.
Latino Decisions, an authoritative site for all things Latino, said on October 23, 2012 that some pollsters were badly missing the impact of the Latino vote. It pointed out that since 1998, mainstream pollsters had "failed to account for Latinos for three primary reasons: 1) their sample sizes of Latinos were far too small; 2) their Latinos samples were not representative of the Latino population within the state; and 3) they were not interviewing Latinos in Spanish at the correct proportions."
Their own poll, taken just before the election, predicted that Obama would get a record 73% of the Latino vote and concluded that "With such a heavy share of Latino voters supporting Mr. Obama, if voter turnout among Latinos is high on Tuesday, and if the latest poll numbers hold through the election, Latinos could potentially help decide the outcome of the 2012 presidential election by delivering Obama wins in the key swing states of Virginia and Florida." The only subgroups of Latinos where Romney was getting some traction was with Cubans and born-again Christians, a relatively small subset of the Latino community.
The Latino analysts warned that this voting bloc is not yet very vocal but could swing key states to the Democrats, pointing to Harry Reid's win for his US senate seat in Nevada as an indicator of this hidden strength. And sure enough, those predictions turned out to be correct.
Latinos went to Obama in record numbers, 71 percent to Romney's 29 percent, down sharply from the 44 percent George W. Bush won in 2000. Obama also carried 93 percent of blacks and 73 percent of Asians. In 1980 whites cast about 90 percent of all votes; this year they cast 72 percent, and that number falls an average of 2 percentage points every four years.
Exit polling showed that the Latino vote was crucial.
According to Segura, the Latino vote provided Obama with 5.4 percent of his margin over Romney, well more than his overall lead in the popular vote. Had Romney managed even 35 percent of the Latino vote, he said, the results may have flipped nationally.
The effect was at least as dramatic in swing states, most notably in Colorado, which Obama won on Tuesday. There Latinos went for the president by an astounding 87-10 margin, an edge not far from the near-monolithic support he received from African American voters. In Ohio, with a smaller but still significant Latino population, Obama won by an 82-17 margin.
The disaffection with Republicans was not just because of their hardline stance on immigration but also because of their opposition to the health care reforms and the fight they waged over Sonia Sotomayor's nomination to the US Supreme Court. The latter was one of the most stupid things that the Republicans did. Sotomayor overcame a very hard childhood and there is no doubt that the Latino community was proud of her overcoming those hardships by excelling academically to become the first Hispanic person to reach the highest judicial level in the US. To then see her portrayed by Republicans during the confirmation process as an incompetent and undeserving beneficiary of special privileges must have been galling, telling them that the Republican party finds it hard to conceive of Latinos as accomplished people in their own right.
As everyone realizes, the size of the Latino and other minority vote is only getting bigger. As DeWayne Wickham wrote just before the election:
The Census Bureau has reported that Hispanics, blacks, Asians and other minorities now account for 50.4% of children born in the U.S. By the middle of this century, minorities are projected to outnumber non-Hispanic whites. But long before then, this nation's changing demographics will alter the political landscape.
Blacks and Hispanics constitute more than one-quarter of the population in three battleground states — Florida (39.4%), Colorado (25.2%) and North Carolina (30.6%). Soon, the growth of minorities in these states will make them more likely to end up in the Democratic column.
Texas, a state with the second largest number of Electoral College votes, has been in the Republican column in every presidential election since 1980. But Hispanics and blacks are now 50.3% of the population, and by 2020 the population shift there will probably make it a good bet to go Democratic in presidential contests.
If Republicans don't do something soon to regain the Latino vote, Texas may well become a swing state in the near future and Florida could go reliably Democratic as its older anti-Castro Cuban population, now reliably Republican, dies off.
Kathleen Geier argues that the racist messages, both overt and coded, that have been part of the Republican brand is a likely cause of this disaffection.
[T]here is good reason to believe that Latino voters' alienation from the G.O.P. goes deeper than their dislike of the G.O.P.'s positions on immigration and the economy. Republican policies such as Arizona's infamous show-me-your-papers law and the ban, also courtesy of Arizona, on Mexican-American studies classes have a very obvious, and very nasty, racist intent and impact. In addition, the racist treatment Republicans meted out to historic Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor will not soon be forgotten by Latinos. Latinos have also seen the nonstop parade of racism Republicans have directed against Barack Obama over the past four years, and surely they know that the white Republicans who judge Obama by his skin color are likely to feel similarly about Latinos. Republican racism may be a key reason why Latinos report they were quite enthusiastic about voting this time around, even more so than in 2008.
And let us not forget the many attacks by prominent Republicans on Obama's legitimacy to be president, which were widely perceived as being racist by suggesting that a non-white person was not entitled to hold the office of the presidency.
Another sign of the negative effect of this ugly nativist rhetoric was the surprising result of Asian-Americans. Although their numbers are small (about 3% of the electorate), they are the nation's highest earning ethnicity, even greater than whites. Since Romney won among voters earning over $100,000, you would expect that he would carry this group. But they voted for Obama by a whopping 73-26%.
Another interesting divide that requires closer analysis is that Obama won handily 62-36% in cities over 50,000, ran roughly equal with Romney in the suburbs, and lost badly 39-59% in small cities and rural communities. Since the long-term trend globally is for people to migrate from rural areas to the cities, it will be interesting to see longitudinal studies of the possible effects of this change in population distribution. Do such internal migrants change the culture of the cities to more reflect the values of the places they left behind or do cities change the culture of the migrants, especially those of their children? Since modernity is a powerful driver of attitudes and since cities are the incubators of modernity, I suspect that the latter is true.
What will be interesting to see is whether the level of nativist rhetoric will get tamped down as a result of the last election. I suspect not in the near future. It takes a while for reality to sink it and for hardened attitudes to change.


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The Department of Transportation Studies has a mission to provide comprehensive transportation education that builds on the latest data, systems and technologies. Currently the Department offers Master of Science Degree in Transportation Planning and Management, and is affiliated with Doctor of Philosophy in Urban Planning and Environmental Policy with a specialization in transportation. The Department will begin to offer a new Bachelor of Science Degree in Maritime Transportation Management and Security in Fall 2010, and a new Master of Science Degree in Maritime Transportation Management & Security in Fall 2012.
Graduate study in Transportation Planning and Management is designed to train students for successful careers in the various field of transportation. Programmatic emphasis is on preparing the students to enter the public and private sectors with considerable training and advanced knowledge concerning planning and policy, logistics and management, systems and technology, and homeland security. Students can structure their degree programs based on their career goals. For those focusing on planning or operations careers, the TSU transportation program has a strong foundation in traffic operations, transportation planning, public transportation and Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). For those pursuing management careers, TSU transportation programs have strong foundations in transportation principles, economics and finance, logistics, homeland security, and transportation policy and management.


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Ruby-throated Hummingbird, Archilochus colubris
Filename: RTHU_041637_Rolfnp_Ruby-throated Hummingbird.jpg
Copyright © Rolf Nussbaumer Photography, 2323 Bretzke Lane, New Braunfels, TX 78132, USA, www.rolfnussbaumer.com, Tel. 210 643 4800
Copyright © Rolf Nussbaumer Photography, 2323 Bretzke Lane, New Braunfels, TX 78132, USA, www.rolfnussbaumer.com, Tel. 210 643 4800
action, animal, animals, Archilochus, Archilochus colubris, bird, Aves, birds, fauna, wildlife, backyard, backyards, central, Movement, motion, moving, autumn, behaviour, behavior, behaviors, blossoms, Blooming, bloom, blooms, blossom, blossoming, flowering, Fall, color, colorful, Colourful, concept, concepts, day, daytime, drinking, drinks, eating, eat, eats, feeding, feeds, females, female, flying, Flight, flies, fly, flower, flowers, hill country, hummingbirds, Ruby throated, Ruby throated Hummingbird, Ruby-throated Hummingbird, Torenia fournieri, Trochilidae, hummingbird, plant, flora, plants, full body, gardens, garden, interesting, different, Length, multicolored, natural world, nature, nectar eating, eater, north america, american, one, outdoors, outdoor, single, pink, purple, red, Ruby-throated, southern, south, stop action, high speed, summer, vivid, horizontal, image, nobody, photo, seasons, season, seasonal, songbirds, songbird, spring, texas, southwestern, texan, time, usa, United States, america, Torenia, Torenias, vertebrates, vertebrate, wild, wings, wing, wings spread, Wishbone, Wishbone flower


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Former "Survivor" producer Bruce Beresford-Redman, whose wife Monica was killed in Mexico last spring, was taken into custody on Tuesday by U.S. Marshals, an FBI spokesperson confirmed to TheWrap.
Beresford-Redman is a suspect in his wife's slain, although he has denied the claim that he was involved.
The arrest is for extradition to Mexico, where he would be tried.
Read also: Affidavit — Ex-'Survivor' Producer Was 'Planning Something' With Father
A hearing on the extradition request is scheduled for Wednesday morning in Los Angeles district court.
Beresford-Redman's attorney Richard G. Hirsch did not immediately respond to TheWrap's requests for comment.
Beresford-Redman agreed to give custody of the couple's two children to his parents last week.
Monica Beresford-Redman's dead body was found in April in a sewer near Cancun's Moon Palace Hotel. She had suffered a blow to the head and appeared to have been asphyxiated.
In addition to his work on "Survivor," Beresford-Redman co-created "Pimp My Ride."


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Spread a thick blanket on the floor and practise this Asana over blanket. Lie on the back quite flat. Slowly raise the legs. Lift the trunk, hips and legs quite vertically. Support the back with two hands, one on each side. Rest the elbows on the ground. Press the chin against the chest and form a chin-lock firmly, Jalandhara Bandha. Allow the back, shoulder portion and neck to touch the ground closely. Do not allow the body to shake or move to and fro. Keep the legs straight. When the Asana is over, bring the legs down very, very slowly with elegance and not with any jerks. Do the Asana very gracefully. In this Asana the whole weight of the body is thrown on the shoulders. You really stand on the shoulders with the help and support of the elbows. Concentrate on the thyroid gland which lies on the front lower part of the neck. Retain the breath as long as you can do with comfort and slowly exhale through the nose.
You can do this Asana daily twice, morning and evening. This should immediately be followed by Matsyasana (fish posture). This will relieve pains in the back part of the neck and intensify the usefulness of Sarvangasana. Practise this Asana for two minutes in the beginning and gradually increase it to half an hour.
In this Asana, the thyroid gland is nourished properly which plays a prominent part in the metabolism, growth, nutrition and structure. Healthy thyroid means healthy function of the circulatory, respiratory, alimentary, genito-urinary and nervous systems of the body. This thyroid operates in conjunction with other ductless glands, pituitary, pineal in the brain, suprarenal above the kidneys, liver, spleen, testes. If this thyroid is diseased all the other glands suffer. A vicious circle is formed. Sarvangasana keeps a healthy thyroid. Healthy thyroid means healthy functioning of all the organs of the body.
I have taught this Asana to hundreds of persons. I have started a Sirsha-Sarvanga Propaganda. I generally recommend these two Asanas, combined with Paschimottanasana invariably to those who approach me. These three Asanas alone can keep you in perfect health. You need not take any long walk or physical exercise. All have unanimously reported to me of the wonderful, mysterious, beneficial results of this Asana. As soon as you come down from the Asana, it braces you up and gives a new vigorous, healthy tone. It is an ideal "pick-me-up".
It supplies a large quantity of blood to the spinal roots of nerves. It is this Asana which centralises the blood in the spinal column and nourishes beautifully. But for this Asana there is no scope for these nerve-roots to draw sufficient blood-supply. It keeps the spine quite elastic. Elasticity of the spine means everlasting youth. It prevents the bone from early ossification (hardening). So you will preserve and retain your youth for a long time. This Asana destroys the ravages of old age. It helps a lot in maintaining Brahmacharya. Like Sirshasana, it makes you an Urdhvareto-Yogi. It checks wet-dreams effectively. It acts as a powerful blood tonic and purifier. It tones the nerves. It is a cheap, readily available blood, nervine and digestive tonic. It is at your disposal at all times. It will save your doctor's bills. When you have not much time to practise a course of Asanas, do this without fail daily along with Sirshasana and Paschimottanasana. It is useful in gonorrhoea and other diseases of bladder and ovaries. It removes sterility and diseases of womb. Ladies also can practise this Asana with safety. Sarvangasana awakens Kundalini and augments the Jatharagni (digestive fire). It removes dyspepsia, constipation and other gastro-intestinal disorders of a chronic nature. It energises, invigorates and vivifies. A course of Sirsha-Sarvangasana powerfully rejuvenates.


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Aggressive Indian opener Virender Sehwag has been named the skipper of the Delhi Daredevils for the 2011 edition of the Indian Premier League.
Sehwag was the captain of the franchise in the first two edition of the tournament before he quit the position to concentrate more on his batting. Gautam Gambhir had led the Daredevils in their 2010 campaign, where the team failed to reach the semifinal stage for the first time in the tournament's three year history.
With Gambhir playing for the Kolkata Knight Riders this season, the experienced Sehwag has been handed the mantle yet again. However, it's going to be a tougher challenge this time as he also has the responsibility of building the team from scratch.
Delhi also lost their key performers like Daniel Vettori, AB de Villiers and Dirk Nannes but will be resting their hopes on players like Ajit Agarkar, Morne Morkel and David Warner. With his ability to lead from the front, Sehwag would be hoping to create many an upsets with his young team.


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Renault and Nick Heidfeld have formally announced they have parted ways.
A statement released on Friday said the pair had reached "an amicable settlement" and split with immediate effect.
Team principal Eric Boullier said: "Our disagreement with Nick has been the subject of much media coverage lately, and we are pleased to have reached a swift and reasonable solution.
"Our separation process was already a painful one, and neither of us wanted to go through another legal hearing. We're very grateful to Nick for the highly valuable contribution he's made to the team. We certainly had good times together, in particular remembering our podium finish in Malaysia.
"He is a very strong and determined racer and we wish him every success in the future."
Heidfeld said: "Obviously I'm disappointed to be leaving Lotus Renault GP in the middle of the season.
"I thought I could still make a big contribution to the team, but I have to see things as they are and I want to turn my attention to the future. We have taken the right decision by choosing to end our collaboration today.
"I would like to wish all the friends I made at Enstone a successful end to the season. One thing is for sure – I'll be back racing at the highest level soon."
Heidfeld joined the team at the start of the season to substitute for the injured Robert Kubica. Heidfeld was replaced by Bruno Senna at the Belgian Grand Prix.
Update: Renault have also announced Bruno Senna will continue to drive for them for the rest of the year
2011 F1 season
- Kubica reveals he almost withdrew from fateful 2011 rally – and had 2012 Ferrari F1 deal
- How well do you remember the 2011 F1 season? Take the F1 Fanatic quiz
- The 2011 F1 season: The complete F1 Fanatic review
- Your 2011 F1 predictions revisited
- Barrichello tipped to stay at Williams
- 2011 F1 statistics part 3: Stats and facts highlights
- 2011 F1 statistics part two: Vettel's domination
- 2011 F1 statistics part one: car performance
- New 2011 rules produced best racing of last four years
- What F1 Fanatics really thought of the 2011 season
Browse all 2011 F1 season articles


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Amazon will soon be establishing itself in B.C. – but this has nothing to do with the company's current search for new headquarters.
While that news has yet to be released, it has been made public that the online retail giant has snatched up 50,000 square-feet of office space at a new building in Vancouver.
This expansion by Amazon is expected to create another 1,000 new tech jobs in the province by 2020, when Oxford Properties is finished.
The e-commerce company already has 500 employees working at its fulfillment centres in Delta and New Westminster, as well as its subsidiary Abebooks.com, based in Victoria.
READ MORE: Vancouver wants to be site of new Amazon's headquarters
READ MORE: Province backs Metro Vancouver bid for new Amazon headquarters
In an announcement from Vancouver Friday morning, Premier John Horgan welcomed the business plan as one that will grow a "strong, sustainable economy."
Amazon put out a call in September for cities to bid on what its calling a second headquarters, where the company plans to invest up to US$5 billion.
In September, Horgan announced the province would be backing a joint bid involving Surrey Mayor Linda Hepner and Vancouver Mayor Gregor Robertson.
More to come.


text: Today I have a quick video that I wanted to get up before I start working on my Tiny House today. It was pretty cold out this morning at 7am so I took advantage of needing to get a post up on the blog while it warms up a bit. Many people have asked how do you anchor a Tiny House to the trailer so that it doesn't come off while moving down the road or get lifted off during a storm. This video will show my approach to this. I actually upped the number of attachment points from what the plans called for after talking with my weld who has spent 30 years in construction trailer frames for mobile homes, RV's, and trailers. The important thing to note that I didn't in the video is that the anchor points are aligned with the cross members of trailer which make it a lot stronger.


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Year of publication
- 2011 (1)
Document Type
- Working Paper (1)
- English (1)
Has Fulltext
- yes (1)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (1)
It has become commonplace to say that, in the past, international governance has been legitimated mainly, if not exclusively, by its welfare-enhancing 'output'. There has been very little research, however, on the history of legitimating international governance by its output to validate this point. In this essay I begin to address this gap by inquiring into the origins of output-oriented strategies for legitimating international organizations. Scrutinizing the programmatic literature on international organizations from the early 20th century, I illustrate how a new and distinctive account of technocratic legitimation emerged and in the 1920s separated from other types of liberal internationalism. My inquiry, centring on the works of James Arthur Salter, David Mitrany, Paul S. Reinsch and Pitman B. Potter, explores their respective conceptions of 'good functional governance', executed by a non-political international technocracy. Their account is explicitly pitched against a notion of 'international politics', perceived as violent, polarizing, and irrational. The emergence of such a technocratic legitimation of international governance, I submit, needs to be seen in the context of societal modernization and bureaucratization that unfolded in the first half of the 20th century. I also highlight how in this account the material output of governance is intimately linked to the virtues of the organizational form that brings it about.


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How the language barrier made Star Fox a good game
Star Fox originally started off as a first-person 3D flight game called Starglider. But the "language barrier" helped Nintendo and Dylan Cuthbert discover the game's true identity.
Before Dylan Cuthbert made a name for himself with his PixelJunk games, he helped create a Nintendo franchise: Star Fox. But, the SNES shooter had quite the troubled development. And at GDC last week, Cuthbert revealed that if it weren't because of the language barrier, Star Fox could have been a terrible game.
Star Fox originally started off as a first-person 3D flight game called Starglider. While it was technologically impressive, Shigeru Miyamoto thought that it wasn't a "Nintendo quality" game. He recommended taking away many key elements of Starglider's original design, namely 3D flight and the first-person perspective.
Cuthbert was hesitant to follow those suggestions, but "because of the language barrier" between Cuthbert's English-speaking team and Nintendo's Japanese team, he couldn't object. The end result, he realized, was something that made the game much better.
For example, moving from full 3D flight to on-rails 2D flight helped make the game more fun and allowed for "more refined, tuned controls." The move also "helped us find the barrel roll," one of the most iconic moves of the franchise. It also allowed the team to create more fun boss battles. Another happy side-effect of removing full 3D flight was a faster framerate.
Starglider was originally a first-person game, but the move to third-person allowed easier maneuvering between buildings, and allowed the game to easily show off wing damage. It also made the iconic barrel roll "visible and intuitive," Cuthbert pointed out.
The main takeaway from Star Fox's development is that "nothing must go into a game, not even if they are good ideas." Cuthbert says that it's good to "build ideas then destroy them," because you may "discover better ones hiding in the shadows."
That lesson was taken to heart in PixelJunk Monsters, he said. In one of the earliest versions of that game, players were able to melee enemies directly. However, that "took focus away from the core element," which was making the game more "passive." PixelJunk Shooter also originally featured a standard HP system. But by taking that feature away, it led to the unique overheating mechanics that made their shooter so unique and compelling.
Andrew Yoon posted a new article, How the language barrier made Star Fox a good game.
Star Fox originally started off as a first-person 3D flight game called Starglider. But the "language barrier" helped Nintendo and Dylan Cuthbert discover the game's true identity.-
They said it was due to a "language barrier"
Meaning: if they had a clue how to convey things in Japanese they might have been able to voice their objections. The result might have been a watered-down version of the game that was a compromise between the two camps. Since they couldn't, they just went with their marching orders.
Recently I am playing buy fifa 13 ultimate team coins, I find the game is very wanderful. If you like or want to play the game, you must miss the websitehttp://www.fifacoins100k.com


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From: Gizmodo
The banking industry often employs two-step security measures—similar to Google Authenticator—as an added layer of protection against password theft and fraud. Unfortunately, those systems have just been rendered moot by a highly-advanced hack.
The attack, know as the Man in the Browser method, works like this. Malicious code is first introduced onto the victim's computer where it resides in the web browser. It will lay dormant until the victim visits a specific website—in this case, his bank's secure website. Once the user attempts to log in, the malware activates and runs between the victim and the actual website. Often the malware will request that the victim enter his password or other security pass into an unauthorized field, in order to "train a new security system." Once that happens, the attacker has full access to the account.
Luckily, the method is only a single-shot attack. That is, the attacker is only able to infiltrate the site once with the user-supplied pass code. But, once in, the attacker can hide records of money transfers, spoof balances and change payment details. "The man in the browser attack is a very focused, very specific, advanced threat, specifically focused against banking," Daniel Brett, of malware testing lab S21sec, told the BBC.
Since this attack has shown that the two-factor system is no longer a viable defense, the banking industry may have to adopt more advanced fraud-detection methods similar to what secure credit cards. When compared to having your account silently drained, standing in line for the teller suddenly doesn't seem like that much of a hassle. [BBC News via Technology Review]


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On Thursday, March 5, at 6:30 p.m. at the Plaza Branch, 4801 Main St., Pulitzer Prize-winning author Steven Hahn presents Marcus Garvey Reconsidered, a retrospective on one of the most influential—and least-remembered—leaders of the early 20th century civil rights movement.
The presentation touches on Garvey, credited as the leader of the largest organized mass movement in black history and progenitor of the modern "black is beautiful" ideal, and why people were drawn to his movement. Additionally, Hahn contemplates as to why historians have been so reluctant to write about the leader.
Hahn, the author of the Pulitzer Prize-winning book A Nation Under Our Feet: Black Political Struggles in the Rural South from Slavery to the Great Migration, is the Roy F. and Jeannette P. Nichols Professor of History from the University of Pennsylvania. He is a specialist on the social and political history of 19th century America, the history of the American South, and the comparative history of slavery and emancipation. Hahn has received both the Allan Nevins Prize of the Society of American Historians and the Frederick Jackson Turner Award of the Organization of American Historians for his book, The Roots of Southern Populism: Yeoman Farmers and the Transformation of the Georgia Upcountry, 1850-1890. Hahn has also been on the faculties of the University of Delaware; the University of California, San Diego; and Northwestern University; teaching a variety of undergraduate and graduate courses in American and comparative history.
Hahn's presentation is co-sponsored by the History Department of the University of Missouri-Kansas City and the Black Archives of Mid-America.
A 6 p.m. reception precedes the presentation. Admission is free. Click here or call 816.701.3407 to RSVP.


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The Industrial Metrology Laboratory (IML) has established the facilities to provide accredited calibration services as per ISO/IEC 17025 in Mass, Temperature, Dimension, Electrical, Pressure and Volumetric Areas. Calibration services are provided to local and foreign institutions on request. IML provides calibration services at our laboratories and on-site based on the requirement.
The Industrial metrology laboratory provide Metrology/Calibration Training on the request of customers with thoery, practical and uncertainity in the following areas
- Industrial metrology - Specially on Temperature, Mass, Electrical,Dimensional, Volumeric and Pressure areas
- Maintenance/Calibration of Laboratory Reference Standards
- Management of Metrology laboratory
The services provided are ISO 17025 accredited.
All non accredited calibration services are provided with international traceability
Note :. * SWEDAC Accredited calibration services
Any equipment not listed will be undertaken for calibration with international traceability on special request
Last Updated on Thursday, 12 July 2018 12:24


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Whiteboard magic
Above is a remarkable 10-minute animated video about Drive. Over the past few weeks, several people who've watched it have asked me how I created such an elegant and compelling piece. Today I provide the answer: I had almost nothing to do with it.
In January, I did a book talk at the RSA in London. A few months later, the RSA carved out some sound bites from that talk, commissioned Cognitive Media to add some groovy whiteboard cartoons to accompany the words, and then posted the video on YouTube. That's it.
I didn't know it was in the works or even see the final project myself until a couple of weeks ago, after it had gone live. But now, to my amazement, it's been viewed more than 1 million times. (That's, er, slightly more views than my video travel tips.)
Thanks, RSA, for being so innovative. And thanks, Cognitive Media, for such amazing work and for scaring the crap out of the UPS whiteboard guy.
36 Responses to "Whiteboard magic"
Just so you know, this video was on the front page of reddit the other day.
Thank you Dan – for the book and this latest thumb nail summary.
They have several videos in their set that are on fascinating topics made the same way. Drive is in good company. The amount of work it must have taken to do these videos is mind boggling. But of course that is probably because I can only draw stick figures and not even those very well.
This is the way I first discovered your work, Dan. The YouTube link came up on Twitter's "Top Tweets" last week, and I loved the segment from your speech. I immediately grabbed a pen and pad and started scribbling down notes and classroom applications. The cartoonist made it that much more enjoyable to watch. It was a great plug for you. Thank you, Dan, RSA London, Cognitive Media, and that anonymous guy who re-tweeted!
Geoffrey Greer
http://www.geoffreygreer.comP.S. Second the comment about scaring the crap out of the UPS whiteboard guy.
Hi Dan
Superb! This guy was at the CELT conference yesterday but he needs a clear presenter like you to do his best work.
One quibble. My pastime is dressage. Incentivising horses is similar to the science you describe for humans, not like the received "money" wisdom. Yes you give them food and pats, but unless they are having a nice life they don't do their best work with you (it's a collaboration). If you "nag" them and overwork them they get stale…
Best wishes
Imogen Bertin
PS I did my first pecha-kucha yesterday – what brilliant fun! -
Fantastic. Just finished the book and this is a terrific way to introduce others to the text. Keep up the good work Dan.
Hi Dan!
your book is great, and all of your talks regarding it, just wonderful!Particularly, this video, I liked a lot, and I did the spanish translation for one of my blog's posts,
so, for all of your spanish-speaking raaders, I leave this video links with spanish subtitles.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J9z1OIHE6Zg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iu58EtsgjDwthank you!!!
Vero -
One million views — that's fantastic! The word is spreading…
p.s. You could always commission Cognitive Media to animate your travel tips. 😉
What I love about this video is how it came about. It's an It's an example of what you are talking about. No
one asked RSA to do this. Even though it's a
savvy marketing step (how else can you get your
name in front of a million people?), it's also
about just creating something really cool, with
mastery (how did they do that?), purpose (spreading the word) and of course, autonomy.Even though I'm a big fan of your work, I had
not seen this video. Thanks for sharing. -
Love this video.
REALLY wish it could be posted somewhere other than YOUTUBE because that site is blocked from my school (and most others.), even when it is embedded in another page as it is above.
PLEASE could you post is somewhere else as well?
Yes, you hit the nail….
The genius store caleld, they're running out of you.
Just FANTASTIC!!!!
Agree with all comments above. I posted it to my blog three weeks ago with the title A Video Every Manager Should Watch..and a lot of managers in my company saw it. Do you know Dan Ariely's work? I'm just reading The Upside of Irrationality. Seems like you guys should meet.
Heard about this video weeks ago, but only got around to watching it today, absolutely beautiful work, really made my day. The art direction and animation design is wonderful indeed, as are the revelations in your original speech. A terrific confluence of information & presentation. Thanks.Still have 'Brand New Mind' awaiting me on the bookshelf too 😉
…oops, that should, of course, be 'A Whole New Mind'
Well the bookshelf is on the other side of my room & I'm wearing my reading glasses 😉
I must admit… I am getting addicted to your books… Great Job! It is inspiring!
Very innovative! Thinkin OUTSIDE the box!
Very poignant and insightful. Wonderfully presented. I must admit that, like many of my peers, we think about motivation in such traditional paradigms that this content really challenges what we think we know including those valuable gems like "the beatings will continue until morale improves…."
As we, in the workforce today, are neither our parents or grandparents. We ultimately are inspired by different triggers and motivated differently.
This book and video is spot on in my view.
Hi Dan
I agree with what you say, however , I have a question. Organization usually have 3% percent merit budget. How can this be allocated amongst the employees, taking in to consideration this philosophy.
Would apreciate your response. Thank you
I bought your book off the back of seeing this video. I'm very pleased I did – it is remarkably interesting, and I'm now questioning everything, everywhere!
Great stuff Dan. Hoping this book is available in the apple book store.
Some months ago I e-mailed Dan about this video asking if their was a hard copy available of the finished drawing. He put me in touch with cognitive media.
In the last couple of weeks I received notice that you can now access a large pdf copy for around $1 (£0.59). So I have done so. Now I am returning Dan's kindness by putting you all in touch at http://www.cognitivemedia.co.uk/shop.php
Enjoy! -
The 10 minute video is so inspiring and a masterpiece in itself. I wish it was more than 10 minutes.
This is a great video on the concept of motivation. RSA has executed this Whiteboard Video in grand style. This video is no doubt a master-piece.
Excellent post. Keep writing such kind of information on your
blog. Im really impressed by it.
Hi there, You've performed a fantastic job. I will definitely digg it and individually suggest to my friends. I am confident they'll be benefited from this website. -
I love your work! I know you're a fan of these whiteboard videos. What do you think of other types of explainer videos? The 60-90 second ones you see often on homepages. You a fan?
Wow that was unusual. I just wrote an incredibly long comment but after I
clicked submit my comment didn't appear. Grrrr… well I'm not writing all that over again.Regardless, just wanted to say excellent blog!
Love this and I am on here again to share it with a colleague. Dan you recognize how complex we are as human beings.
Even though we believe that whiteboard videos can get very boring, but this particular work has done a great job. RSA video gone viral and it is indeed a great sample of anExplainer Video
Hi Dan,
Love your ideas and work. Please can you tell me where I can find info on 'how to make this happen'! How do we go about inspiring others in the way you describe? Are your books the best place to start? I am a teacher and I see this in the classroom that the sticker reward system just doesn't work, especially when we want students to become independent learners. Thanks -
Great Video, very inspirational.!!!
Disruptive and destructive are 2 different things. other than that, I enjoyed it.
OMG! The man in this video is so creative after watching this video I got many ideas and techniques from this whiteboard magical website this is the very inspirational love it. How can I buy this book any online link is available?


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A bear devouring a hive is an attention getter! A flood or hurricane washing hundreds of hives down stream is terrifying. These are huge calamities which beekeepers go to great lengths to prevent. We'll put up electric fences or put our hives on poles to protect them from bears. We'll elevate our hives to tower above flood plains. However, many beekeepers do very little to protect their hives from what might be their biggest threat. We seem not to take small things very seriously...small things like the tiny Varroa mite. The Bible says it is the little foxes that ruin the vineyard (Song of Solomon 2:15).
Mites are visible with the naked eye, but they are small. I wanted to put a picture of a mite on a bee in here, but fortunately for me, I didn't see any mites on the bees I tried to examine. But if you google "varrora mites" you'll see plenty of pictures. Older mites become dark and are easier to see than young mites which are almost clear at first.
In 1987 mites were introduced into the US probably as the result of imported bees. Within the next few years mites nearly destroyed all feral hives. A feral hive is a natural hive not kept by a beekeeper, like a wild hive in a tree. But the mites did not stop at feral hives but reached deep within the bee yards of all beekeepers, driving many commercial beekeepers out of business, and hobbyist out of a hobby.
I remember in the early 90s a friend of mine said he was done keeping bees because it was cheaper to buy honey than produce it. Mites drove him out of the hobby. They shouldn't have!
All hives will have some mites. Mites are found in a bee hive feeding on pupae and on adult bees. It is important for the beekeeper to understand the basic reproduction cycle of the varroa mite which takes place within the honey bee capped brood cell. An adult mated female mite is called a foundress. The female mite enters the brood cell just before it is capped. She then lays her eggs in the cell while munching on the pupae. First she lays an unfertilized egg and it develops into a male mite. Then her other eggs are fertilized and develop into females. Mites mate with siblings. After the bee emerges from the cell, so do the adult female mites, looking for a new cell. Mites are carried from one hive to another by hitching a ride on the bees.
Good news: We can successfully keep bees even though we have mites!
Okay, to be fair, I must tell you what you will be told by most entomologist and bee inspectors and what you'll read in most beekeeping books and magazines. They give you a standard approach for dealing with mites. So, I'll give you what they say, then, I'll give you my thoughts on the subject. For the record, their way is not bad, wrong or unwise. It is sound advice. And keep in mind that I am not a scientist nor an entomologist anyway, right? I just don't like to use chemicals in my hive. That's where we differ.
Most will tell you to do a mite count to determine if you are over the "economic threshold". This is a fancy way of saying there comes a point where too many mites can be bad for your hive. However, that's like someone telling us there is an economic threshold for rattle snakes in your house. One is too many right? So it is with mites. They can carry viruses and when they bite our bees, viruses are spread. So one is too many, but it is practically impossible not to have some mites.
This economic threshold is determined by placing a sticky board under your screen bottom board for 24 hours and then counting the mites that are stuck to the board. Don't buy those expensive sticky bottom board. Make your own. I'll write a future lesson on how to make a lot of these cool things. Based on your number, you determine whether you are over or under the economic threshold which basically means either you treat with chemicals or you don't. At least this is what is commonly suggested. If you have more than 50 mites within a 24 hour drop period, then it is recommend that you treat your bees for mites.
Of course, I have my opinion right? First, the sticky board count method concerns me. Here's why. If I have a very hygienic hive, they may be cleaning out the mites and the mites might naturally fall onto my sticky board. So, I might see a count of 50 mites, but it may not mean I have a problem, but just the opposite. On the other hand, if I only have 5 mites on my sticky board it may cause me to think I do not have a problem, but in reality, my brood cells could be full of mites and mites might be all over my bees and just hanging on exceptionally well.
So I do not trust the sticky board drop test. Let me tell you how I determine my mite levels and then what I do with that information.
1) Digital photography. I photograph several frames, take the photo back to my pc, and zoom in on my drones and worker bees and look for mites.
2) Open drone brood cells and some worker cells. I actually will pull out purple eye pupae and examine the number of mites on the pupae. Mites love drones because queens emerge from their cells in 16 days, workers in 21 days but drones not until day 24, giving the foundress more time to reproduce before the drone merges.
These two methods give me a much better read on my mite levels.
Mites will be in your hives. They are impossible to avoid entirely, but they can be kept to a level that will not disrupt the hive as much.
While it is true that for many years the answer was to treat with chemicals, this is not a good management practice in my opinion. With all our chemicals we seemed to have developed a super mite that is now resistant to our chemicals while at the same time, some of these chemicals have made our queens and drones weaker. Some of the approved chemicals can be absorbed in the comb for 5 years or longer.
Within agriculture, there has long been an approach called IPM for Integrated Pest Management. IPM is an integration of several approaches to keep mites below the economic threshold. While treating with chemicals is part of IPM, that is a step we try to leave out.
WHEN HONEY SUPERS ARE ON: Screen bottom board, small cell foundation, drone brood foundation freezing, hygienic queens and strong colonies.ADDITIONAL APPROACHES FOR WHEN HONEY SUPERS ARE OFF: Powder sugar drop
First, if you are just starting out with a new package this year, it will be vary rare to have a mite problem within your package of bees. It is possible, but I typically never see mites that much in the spring or early summer. I just don't care about mites until July and August. Mites become more aggressive and spread more rapidly in late summer around August.
You see, I want my bees to produce honey from April through the second week of August. And they do. I try to stay out of my hives as much as possible during heavy nectar flows so as not to disrupt their bringing in all that honey that my customers are lined up in my driveway waiting on! And, you can't use chemicals any way when you have honey supers on the hive. If you do, your customer's honey will be contaminated with chemicals that can harm humans. You DON'T WANT THAT!!
But, there are some things I can do when my honey supers are on to cut down on mites. First, I use screen bottom boards. I used to be a staunch solid bottom board fan until I experimented with a screen bottom board. Wow! I immediately converted all of my solid bottom boards over to screen bottom boards. When mites fall to the bottom of a hive with a screen bottom board, they are gone, and cannot make it back in. On a solid bottom board, they simply wait for the next passing bee to get on and ride back up to infest the hive.
A screen bottom board also provides ventilation and a cleaner hive allowing colony debris to fall on through. Here in Central Illinois winters are harsh, sometimes getting well below 0 and windy. I do not cover my screen bottom boards. I leave them open all winter to allow ventilation to evaporate the moisture out of my hives. It is not the cold that kills bees, but being cold and wet from their own condensation within the hive from poor ventilation. Screen bottom boards will not get rid of all the mites, but it is one of several approaches that contributes toward keeping mites below the economic threshold.
Secondly, I use drone foundation to lure the mites. You see, as I said earlier, mites like drone cells because the foundress mites have a full 24 days to develop their prodigy since the drone is the longest in the cell. So, you can lure the mites off of your worker cells by placing drone foundation on the outside edges of your brood hive bodies. We sell a one piece drone foundation plastic frame. The cell size is for drone cells so the queen knows to lay only unfertilized eggs producing drones. Then, your mites run to these cells and after they are capped, you pull the frames out, put them in a plastic trash bag, freeze them overnight and your mites are dead. Scratch open the cells and place it back in hive for the bees to clean out, and they will! They get rid of all the mites and dead drones. These frames are a bright lime green so you can easily identify your drone frames. We sell these frames for $4.99 each, much cheaper than chemicals. These can be purchased from our website at: www.honeybeesonline.com under frames and foundation. By scratching the cells open after freezing, it allows you to keep the drawn comb intact, but encourages the bees to clean out the dead mites and drones from the cells. If you scrap the wax completely off, then it just takes more time for the bees to draw it out again.
Thirdly, small cell foundation. I'll skip small cell foundation, because it is not a for sure thing and it should be tried only by very experienced beekeepers. It has to do with bee regression and let's just say that's a whole different lesson. But many claim that by using 4.9 mm cell size foundation, the cells are capped a day sooner, throwing off the mite's cycle and not allowing them to get in on time. Some studies have shown this not to be effective, while other studies show it helps control mites.
Fourthly, work is underway to produce a queen that is so hygienic that her daughters might have the characteristic of detecting a foundress mite, opening the cell and dragging the pupae and mites out before they reproduce. I have attended a conference where this was discussed and the results were shared. It is promising! We may not have to wait, as some suggest that bees are now becoming more aware of mites and are actually taking them out of the hive.
Again, if you find you have a queen and her daughters are keeping mites out of the hive, then that is good queen stock to breed from!
Finally, the answer to all colony problems in my opinion is to keep strong colonies. A strong colony avoids most diseases and pests.
When your supers are off of your hive, powdered sugar dropped in the deep hive bodies can be very effective at controlling mites. For a complete lesson on how to apply the powdered sugar drop, check out our lesson at the link below:
When using powdered sugar, the bees actually clean each other off, and mites go too. And mites get the sugar in their suction cups and can't hang on any more and fall out too! It is impressive.
There you have it! Some natural ways and IPM ways to manage your hives and keep mites from destroying your hive.
I've been working on several more lessons at the same time I've written this one. The next one will be on record keeping. A failure to keep beekeeping logs can result in the failure of your hives.
Remember, call in your hive orders as soon as possible so you can get your equipment on hand soon. So call us for your hive order or bee order. Call us between 9am - 5pm Central Time. We'll be happy to help you get what you need to start keeping bees.
We have lots of hives listed at our main website at:
www.honeybeesonline.com We'd love to earn your business.
Remember... BEE-HAVE Yourself!!
David & Sheri Burns
Long Lane Honey Bee Farms


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The three HAIM sisters are in their 20s with plenty of experience, including years spent playing in a band with their parents. Each is a multi-instrumentalist; each sings. They write their own material. Here ends the questions-of-authenticity part of the review. Not that questions of being musical lightweights are going to be resolved for some listeners, because HAIM works in that most vexed and scorned of genres: pop-rock.
Your notion of pop-rock may derive from American manufactured products like The Monkees and The Archies, or from British acts like T-Rex and The Sweet, from whom HAIM probably extracted the thumping beat of "The Wire." I'd suggest that these Southern California sisters are tapping into that geographical area for precedents — anything from the '60s harmonies of The Mamas and the Papas to the '80s pop-punk of The Bangles. In "Honey and I," you can also hear the vocal inflections of a Canada-imported Lady of the Canyon, Joni Mitchell.
On Days Are Gone, the HAIM sound is one of vocals, guitars and drums hovering over thick layers of synthesizers and keyboards. To make this sound work, it has to be structured around a crisp verse-chorus-verse structure, or it just sounds like dreamy or irritating noodling around. The lyrics focus on falling in love and coming to terms with one's own power in a relationship; they tend to be less important than the sound of the singing. In this, the sisters benefit a bit from harmonies bred in the genes, but in every case, one of them seizes the lead with that nice pop-rock paradox: plaintive assertiveness. Occasionally, they remind you that they're part of the hip-hop generation by mixing things up in a precisely fractured composition such as "My Song 5."
Ultimately, a big part of the proof of HAIM's worth lies in whether this already highly publicized act can turn its hype into hits. The fate and glory of pop-rock is that it needs to actually be popular to complete the circuit of success. Without it, you're a cult act that's lucky to attract a cult. If I were younger and HAIM had a fan club, I'd probably join it. But the real bottom-line question is, how many of you out there would?
Copyright 2020 Fresh Air. To see more, visit Fresh Air.


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Rajasthani cuisine is perhaps the most sensitive amongst the Indian cuisines. People here relish non-vegetarian dishes made from chicken, lamb and shikar which includes animal and birds like boars, venison, peacock, quail, duck, pheasant, rabbits and even camels etc. Vegetarian food comes in two varieties i.e. the food eaten by the common man that includes use of various spices and herbs and the food of the Marwari Jains that is prepared without using onions, garlic or for that matter any ingredient growing under the soil except for ginger and groundnuts. Rajasthan cooking in general has its own unique flavour where the simplest and the most basic of ingredients go into the preparation of delicious dishes. The harsh climate and the non-availability of ingredients in this region are a great influence. Food that could last for several days and could be eaten without heating was preferred, more out of necessity than choice. The sparse rainfall is not conducive to growing fresh green vegetables. Due to this scarcity whatever seasonal vegetables are grown, are sundried so that they can be used for the rest of the year.
Chef Sanjeev Kapoor is the most celebrated face of Indian cuisine. He is Chef extraordinaire, runs a successful TV Channel FoodFood, hosted Khana Khazana cookery show on television for more than 17 years, author of 150+ best selling cookbooks, restaurateur and winner of several culinary awards. He is living his dream of making Indian cuisine the number one in the world and empowering women through power of cooking to become self sufficient. His recipe portal www.sanjeevkapoor.com is a complete cookery manual with a compendium of more than 10,000 tried & tested recipes, videos, articles, tips & trivia and a wealth of information on the art and craft of cooking in both English and Hindi.
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Search underway for UGA vice president for development and alumni relations
October 16, 2013
Dean and Hosch Professor Rebecca H. White and alumnus and U.S. District Court Judge Steve C. Jones (J.D.'87) have been selected to serve on a committee that will coordinate a national search for the university's next vice president for development and alumni relations. The committee will recommend finalists to succeed Tom Landrum, who will be retiring at the end of the academic year after nearly 40 years of service to the institution.
Wednesday, October 16, 2013
Contact: Kathy Pharr, 706-542-0054, email@example.com
Search underway for UGA vice president for development and alumni relations
Athens, Ga. – University of Georgia President Jere W. Morehead has appointed a committee to coordinate a national search for the university's next vice president for development and alumni relations. The committee will recommend finalists to succeed Tom Landrum, who will be retiring at the end of the academic year on June 30 after nearly 40 years of service to the institution.
"This position will be vitally important as we continue planning and early fundraising efforts during the silent phase of our comprehensive campaign to advance the University of Georgia," Morehead said. "A successful campaign will be transformational for the institution, so the vice president for development and alumni relations will play a key leadership role in the senior administration."
J. Griffin Doyle, vice president for government relations, will chair the 19-member committee composed of faculty, staff, student and alumni representatives.
Other search committee members are: • Kathy Bangle, director of Veterinary External Affairs in the College of Veterinary Medicine; • Elizabeth Beckett, associate director for the Office of Special Events; • Josef Broder, associate dean for academic affairs in the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; • Cindy Coyle, associate vice president for external affairs and executive director/chief financial officer of the UGA Foundation; • Greg Daniels, senior executive director of leadership giving in the Division of Development and Alumni Relations; • Mica David, vice president of the Student Alumni Council; • Juliett Dinkins, editor of Columns; • Marcus Jennings, chair of the Development and Alumni Relations Staff Representative Group, UGA Alumni Association; • Steve Jones, U.S. District Court judge for the northern district of Georgia and UGA Foundation trustee; • Tim Keadle, CPA with Porter Keadle Moore LLC and president of the UGA Alumni Association; • Stefanie A. Lindquist, dean of the School of Public and International Affairs; • Greg McGarity, UGA director of athletics; • Thomas H. "Trey" Paris III, U.S. manager of state government relations for General Electric and chair of the UGA Foundation's development and public affairs committee; • John P. Spalding, vice president of government affairs and chief privacy officer of Cox Communications Inc. and UGA Foundation chairman; • Denise Spangler, Bebe Aderhold Professor of Early Childhood Education and head of the UGA department of mathematics and science education; • Rebecca H. White, dean of the School of Law and J. Alton Hosch Professor of Law; • David S. Williams, associate provost and director of the Honors Program; • William D. Young Jr., president of General Wholesale Company and immediate past chair of the UGA Foundation.
The university will retain an executive search firm to assist with the process. Kathy Pharr, chief of staff to the president, will provide internal support for the committee. Applications are due to the committee by Jan. 31.
Repository Citation
Office of Communications and Public Relations, "Search underway for UGA vice president for development and alumni relations" (2013). Press Releases. 670.


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Does your laptop sometimes get so hot that it can almost be used to fry eggs? New technology may help cool it and give information technology a unique twist, says Jairo Sinova, a Texas A&M University physics professor.
Sinova and colleagues from Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory, Institute of Physics ASCR, University of Cambridge and University of Nottingham have had their research published in the renowned journal Nature Physics.
Laptops are getting increasingly powerful, but as their sizes are getting smaller they are heating up, so how to deal with excessive heat becomes a headache, Sinova explains.
"The crux of the problem is the way information is processed," Sinova notes. "Laptops and some other devices use flows of electric charge to process information, but they also produce heat.
"Theoretically, excessive heat may melt the laptop," he adds. "This also wastes a considerable amount of energy."
Is there a solution?
One approach may be found in Sinova's research -- an alternative way to process information.
"Our research looks at the spin of electrons, tiny particles that naked eyes cannot detect," the Texas A&M professor explains. "The directions they spin can be used to record and process information."
To process information, Sinova says, it is necessary to create information, transmit the information and read the information. How these are done is the big question.
"The device we designed injects the electrons with spin pointing in a particular direction according to the information we want to process, and then we transmit the electrons to another place in the device but with the spin still surviving, and finally we are able to measure the spin direction via a voltage that they produce," Sinova explains.
The biggest challenge to creating a spin-based device is the distance that the spins will survive in a particular direction.
"Transmission is no problem. You can think for comparison that if the old devices could only transmit the information to several hundred feet away, with our device, information can be easily transmitted to hundreds of miles away," he says. "It is very efficient."
Talking about its practical application, Sinova is very optimistic. "This new device, as the only all-semiconductor spin-based device for possible information processing, has a lot of real practical potential," he says. "One huge thing is that it is operational at room temperature, which nobody has been able to achieve until now. It may bring in a new and much more efficient way to process information."
Story Source:
Materials provided by Texas A&M University. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.
Cite This Page:


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Fashion Lion Silhouette Wall Art Decoration Removable Sticker
- Fashionable and Casual
- Just peel and stick
- Durable. Suitable for exterior or interior use.
- Safe for kids, eco-friendly , non-toxic and anti -Dustin material
- Ideal to decorate for your bedroom, children's bedrooms, living and kitchen or toilet's tile .
- Material: PVC plastic reusable decal (Eco-friendly, removable, water-borne Adhesive).
- Works on any smooth, clean & dry surface like smooth walls, doors, closets, cupboards, furniture's, cars, windows, mirrors, tiles and etc.
- NOT suitable for uneven, rough, and textured surfaces.
- Easy to apply. Just Peel & stick, no paint, no tools and no hassle, instantly liven up any space.
Installation Guideline
Customer questions & answers
Question 1:
Is it the sticker will damage my wall if I want to remove?
Answer: No. It is easily removed with no messy residue left behind. Unless you install the stickers on the rough surface. Make sure your paint is good condition.
Question 2:
How long should I wait before installing my wall stickers?
Answer: We typically recommend waiting at least 2 weeks for your newly painted wall to dry.
Question 3:
Are the flower and tree separate from the stickers ,so I don't have to use them if I don't want to ?
Answer: Yes, it comes in multiple pieces that you can arrange how to apply on your wall. Even the flowers or trees are not one part, they are separate pieces, so you can used these stickers in different room.


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Im looking for ways to gather likes for my Facebook page.
Any easy way to get more FB like for my facebook page???
You can use websites like addmefast and youlikehits. The will allow you to list your FB page URL and it will be liked by other automatically. You will need to understand their method of working.
in addmefast at initial stage you will get 100 points to spend on your page likes to earn more points you must have to like other peoples pages too or else you will lost your all the points and yourpage will not get displayed for likes.
These tips will help you to increase FB likes for Facebook page in a natural way :
Build strong network by connecting other pages and groups.
Always post high quality and fresh content.
If you have blog then place Facebook page on it.
Give Facebook page link in other social media profiles such as Google+, Twitter, Pinterest etc.
Use Facebook features like vanity URL, Post Targeting, Highlighted Post, Pinned Posts to give more importance to prominent content.
Thanks Mate But I am looking for a kind of reference can give instant 1000 like without take lots of coins or time…
There are a lot of services online that offer you "unlimited" FB likes. But I'm very suspicious about them. I still prefer manual how-to-get-FB-likes methodology. It looks more natural.
firstly you have to make a genuine face book profile and then increase your friend circle . Make a facebook page relevant to your business and start posting in it fresh content and you may also ask your friends to like your facebook page . use link wheel technique .
Dude you just have one way to increase the page like add more and more friend and send the link of the page and on the other hand you must send the URL in any group and comment that please like my page…
Encourage Likes in Your Employee's E-mail Signatures, How many emails does your company send out a day? If you've got a large amount of employees, or employees who send out a lot of email then this is a huge opportunity to passively drive likes or social signals to your domain.
You can't get something without investing time or money, that being a fact for GENUINE Fb likes.
If you want to go through manual then need to hire a dedicate person who will responsible for entire process in Facebook.Otherwise you can go through automated way,you can purchase likes or you can purchase a software for auto likes and for other business improvement activity for your site.
You can also hire SEO company for this task and Social media promotion as well.
The automated tools give mostly dead likes which can hurt your site instead of benefit. The best tactic is to share information that people are looking for in your niche, join different groups on Facebook and drop your facebook page link to those groups with information. I have experienced it naturally, you give people what they want, you will get what you want.
Well, I think you can get the maximum face book likes by first like their other people stuff… You have to make good social network & have to make trusty friends who likes your stuff… You can also get good friend social network by using twitter, stumble upon, link din etc…
The likes that you extract out of addmefast and youlikehits are mostly fake ones i.e. from fake profiles. And likes from those is not going to help you expand.
The main things to get the likes in Facebook page is add more friend in your Facebook circle.Then you share your URL link of your page to your friend circles.Daily you should update the good twits,images and video with well information and that should be attract by everyone.Then only your Facebook friends would like your page.
thank you for all this information i will try addmefast and youlikehits and the other techniques mentioned here and hopefully ill get positive results
There is 2 way to get likes and follower 1 through legal way with gunuine user(White Hat SEO) and another one is Black hat SEO by using tools with fake user.Black hat SEO no longer survive and got penalized by Google soon.Its definetly increasing traffc drastically but fall down so soon after penalize.
Using automation for increasing page likes is just a waste of time. You better let it happen naturally.
Yeah, spend a lot of time interacting with people.


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Resting Place along Kurrum River
The Kurram Valley in ancient times offered the most direct route to Kabul and Gardez. The route crossed the Peiwar Pass 3,439 m (11,283 ft) high, just over 20 km west of modern Parachinar. The Kurrum River flows through the Kurrum Valley across the Afghan-Pakistani border west to east (crossing from the Paktia Province of Afghanistan into the Kohat border region of Pakistan), about 80 km southwest of Jalalabad. The valley is highly irrigated, well peopled, and crowded with small fortified villages, orchards and groves, to which a fine background is afforded by the dark pine forests and alpine snows of the Safed Koh (White Mountain). White Mountain separates Afghanistan and Pakistan. The highest point is Sikaram and is 15,000 ft high from sea level. The beauty and climate of the valley attracted some of the Mogul emperors of Delhi, and the remains exist of a garden planted by Shah Jahan. In the Rigveda, the Kurrum is mentioned as Krumu.
Safed Koh - White Mountain
Developed by British in 1930 as a skiing resort, this place is called Chapari and is at height of 10,000 ft. A small rest house invite visitors in all season.
Spring in Parachinar - Russian Olives (left) Peach Flowers (right)
In the early 19th century the Kurram Valley was under the government of Kabul, and every five or six years a military expedition was sent to collect the revenue, the soldiers living meanwhile at free quarters on the people. It was not until about 1848 that the Turis were brought directly under the control of Kabul, when a governor was appointed, who established himself in Kurram. During the second Afghan War, when Sir Frederick Roberts advanced by way of the Kurram Valley and the Peiwar Kotal to Kabul, the Turis lent him every assistance in their power, and in consequence their independence was granted them in 1880. The administration of the Kurram Valley was finally undertaken by the British government, at the request of the Turis themselves, in 1890. Technically it ranked, not as a British district, but as an agency or administered area.
Road to Afghanistan near Parachinar
In recent years the Kurram Valley has once again assumed a very strategic position and has been an area of intense military activity between the Taliban and American and allied forces.
(All Photographs courtesy www.flicker.com)
Related Links: | Battle of Peiwar Kotal | Arithmetic on the Frontier - Rudyard Kipling |
| HOME PAGE | MORE VALLEYS OF PAKISTAN | Copyright©JalalsPages - 2007 |


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As previously mentioned, Floridian Brent was spending a week in Verona to get some riding in. Five days of some long rides, mixed with some relatively short ones plus a visit to Dario Pegoretti, culminated with a plan to tackle the Peri to Fosse climb on Thursday.
The Peri-Fosse climb is one of the "must do" climbs for all Verona area riders. 10% average for 10KM, with a couple of 15% sections.
From Verona the best way to arrive at Peri is to wind along the Val Adige until you reach Peri. The weather along the way was lovely but Fosse had ominous cloud cover moving in.
We arrived at Peri and Brent described the mountain as having been slashed by Zorro. There are only 10 switchbacks so the stretches are fairly long between the switchbacks making is look like Zs. As we climbed we were fortunate that it was still sunny on the climbing side of the mountain. In this photo you can see one of the switchbacks at the bottom, and across the valley the mighty Monte Baldo (which also has some great roads for climbing). On the valley floor you can see the town of Peri, and the Adige River. The 14th stage of this year's Giro di'Italia will descend from Fosse to Peri which I'm sure will be hair-raising.
Brent beat me to the top but I made him turn around and go down a bit so I could take some photographs. I'm sure he was happy to do the 15% section again!
We had a good panino at a coffee bar in Fosse and then continued on. After a small climb we came upon this spectacular view with Lake Garda in the distance. At this point of the ride it it was cold and windy. It's always a good idea to have available a jacket, and/or a good windbreaker, when riding in the higher elevations.
From this point it was very long and very fast descent into Fumane. Before dropping down into Fumane we were treated to this view looking towards the Po Valley.
Fumane welcomed us with sunshine.
From here we motored back to Verona. We were tired from all the KMs of the week and just wanted to get back as quickly as possible. It's the crazy things that do you that you best remember, right?