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Using fMRI, researchers have found a strong association between post-stroke depression and functional brain impairment.
Using fMRI, researchers have found a strong association between post-stroke depression and functional brain impairment, said researchers in a study published today online in the journal Radiology.
Studying 24 patients, researchers from the University of Bordeaux in Bordeaux, France, assessed a group of brain structures in the default-mode network (DMN). Previous studies had looked at post-stroke abnormalities and dysfunction in specific regions of the brain.
"The default-mode network is activated when the brain is at rest," said lead researcher, Igor Sibon, MD, PhD, a professor of neurology at the university. "When the brain is not actively involved in a task, this area of the brain is engaged in internal thoughts involving self-related memory retrieval and processing."
The patients underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) 10 days after having had a mild to moderate ischemic stroke. Stroke severity was based on the US National Institutes of Health Stroke Severity scores, as well as other scores. They were also evaluated for depression and anxiety at 10 days and again at three months post-stroke.
Using clinical findings, the researchers found that 10 patients had minor to moderate depression and 14 had no depression. The fMRI findings showed that there was an association between modifications of connectivity in the DMN 10 days after the stroke.
There was no correlation between the depression scores and functional connectivity at 10 days, but there was a positive correlation between the anxiety score and the rest functional connectivity index of the right and left middle temporal cortex. In addition, there was a positive correlation between the left middle temporal cortex rest functional connectivity index with both depression and anxiety.
"We found a strong association between early resting-state network modifications and the risk of post-stroke mood disorders," said Sibon. He acknowledges that more research needs to be done, but points out, "These results support the theory that functional brain impairment following a stroke may be more critical than structural lesions."
MRI Research Suggests Link Between COVID-19 Related Brain Fog and Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction
February 23rd 2024For people with COVID-19 related brain fog, emerging dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) research findings revealed blood-brain barrier disruption in multiple brain regions, including temporal lobes and the frontal cortex, up to a year after active infection.
Moving Beyond Mammography for Screening and Staging of Invasive Lobular Carcinoma
February 16th 2024For women with dense breasts, only 25 percent of breast radiologists are confident in the use of mammography for diagnosing invasive lobular carcinoma, according to newly published survey results from the Society of Breast Imaging.


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Ponder this….. the blade was made in some far off country then sent over to a distribution center in the U.S. where some merchant got them and offered them to retail cut sellers. Calculate the expense of materials, development costs, transporting costs, stockroom costs, wholesaler expenses lastly the retail markup and your $10 or $15 dollar blade really has about $2 in material and development esteem in it. So……. At the point when you purchase the $5, $10 or $15 blade küchenmesser that when you cause problems you are simply ready to spend about $2 to securely get out if it. Only something to ponder.
I realize the enticement is perfect to not burn through truckload of cash, yet you don't actually need to burn through large chunk of change to get a quality blade. Cynscorion Items offers a huge choice of fundamental dark a few inch sharp edge strategic collapsing blades that can be bought from Cold Steel or CRKT for instance for just $29 to $45. You don't need to burn through $100 to $300 for the superficial point of interest upper end semi custom originator collapsing blades. The absolute best blade values can be tracked down in the Virus Steel Explorer or Gunsite series and the CRKT M-16 series. These are areas of strength for exceptionally, quality and famous collapsing blades. I own few myself. My #1 convey blades are the CRKT M-1 and M-16.
Sheaths are one more region to know about. Some proper cutting edge makers sell blades with sheaths as a total bundle. A few deceitful dealers might isolate the blade from the sheath and afterward charge extra for the sheath. Check the maker's site or call them and get some information about the blade you are keen on. Does it accompany any extras? Modest sheaths can likewise be risky. Pay special attention to texture sheaths without a defensive coating. Contemplate this. Do you truly need pushing a sharp blade into an unprotected texture holder lashed to your midsection or thigh? Attempt to get a decent Kydex or comparable material sheath.
The quality produces likewise guarantee their blades' against imperfections and will generally supplant their blades rapidly when sent in. Have a go at returning your modest Chinese made flea market blade after it breaks.
Tests have been finished on these modest blades to perceive how much sidelong and descending power is important to break the sharp edge or lock. These blades generally break with shockingly little power. Keep in mind, ……they were made to Seem to be the genuine article, ……NOT WORK LIKE OR LAST LIKE the genuine name brand blade. Very much like an imitation Rolex or Montblanc pen, the point is to Seem to be the first, and that is the very thing you are just paying for ….. Looks. What's more, some imitations couldn't look that benefit.
You additionally should know about certain dealers attempting to make modest imitation blades look like the genuine article. In the event that you are looking for a quality blade and go over a possibly extraordinary arrangement delayed down and check the subtleties out. Actually take a look at the accompanying:
1. On the off chance that you would be able, go to the makes site of the blade you are keen on and down load all of the data on the particular blade. Really take a look at the particulars for development materials, length, width, weight, tones, and sharp edge types and down load any photos of the sharp edge and where the sharp edge meets the handle. Concentrate on the data and take it with you when you shop to contrast them with the actual blade.
2. Look the actual blade intently. How intently relies upon great an arrangement the dealer is advertising. Peruse the composition on the sharp edge. Search for mis-spellings, conflicting sort face, and nature of engraving. Search for cutting edge steel type and region of assembling. Contrast the blade with your downloaded pictures and data.
3. Next really take a look at the case and guidance/proprietors booklet that accompanies the blade. All the name brand produces give a booklet on their guarantee upkeep and security. In the event that the dealer says there is no crate or guidance booklet begin to ponder and look carefully at the blade. Likewise is the blade being sold as new or utilized? A pre-owned blade may not accompany the crate or guidance manual.
4. Web deals of modest blades is to be stayed away from no matter what. You can't genuinely hold the blade. The vender might give out of center pictures, or not totally depict the blade. Then there is the old, "I have hardly any familiarity with these. I'm simply selling it for a companion" excuse. Additionally search for the accompanying expressions: "Cold Steel like" "CRKT like", "CRKT style", "SOG Style" or comparable expressions. A blade is either a Virus Steel blade or not.
5. Ultimately, pay attention to you inward voice. Do you feel uncomfortable or sure that the blade is authentic? Furthermore, assuming you are in a store generally get a composed receipt that explicitly distinguishes the blade name and model and figure out the merchandise exchange.
Nothing is without a doubt. However, purchasing a blade that for the most part sells for $49 dollars for $25 dollars ought to be an advance notice sign that something is possibly off-putting.
Presently back to the title of our story. Think about what occurs after your modest imitation blade breaks? Ideally not after you return from the clinic after the lock fizzles and cuts your fingers. You purchase another blade! In the event that the blade was just economically made, you could purchase twelve and discard them when they break, however at that point your spending something very similar or more cash for a quality blade and you don't have to stress over your fingers not notice that there is likewise a producer who will supplant you blade on the off chance that it breaks and you didn't mishandle it.
Gracious indeed, kindly don't utilize you blade as a pry bar; it is a cutting device not a screwdriver, pry bar, or mallet. That is the means by which practically all blades break and the makers know it.
Purchase a Multi-Device in the event that you really want a blade/screwdriver/little pry bar/dock instrument.
So….. the lesson of the story is you can't buy a Ferrari at the cost of a Chevy Careless or a Rolex or for $40. Such isn't life. So don't anticipate purchasing a decent quality 2 or 3 inch collapsing blade for $16.
Since I have made sense of why you shouldn't pay a modest imitation blade now is the right time to give you a little data on purchasing a quality blade.
Whether you are purchasing your most memorable quality collapsing blade or your twentieth blade, it is a thrilling encounter yet one additionally not a simple one. With the quantity of blades out there, its difficult to tell which one to choose. I trust this concise conversation helps you.
Quality blades whether Strategic Envelopes or Fixed Edge battle/hunting blades can be costly and you can rapidly burn through truckload of cash. Whether you mean to simply get at least one blades you want to thoroughly consider your blade buy. Certain individuals purchase a consistently cuts, a dress blade, a go to the shooting range blade, a hunting blade and afterward a few additional blades since they looked cool. This is fine the same length as you can bear the cost of it. You really want to choose if you are about to get a couple of broadly useful blades or begin an assortment and contemplate how you construct that assortment.
Before you choose to purchase a blade or start an assortment contemplate what you will utilize the knife(s) for, and how a specific blade will squeeze into a bigger assortment. I'm not telling you to not buy different blades, just to purchase shrewdly so you limit the quantity of blades you will toss in a cabinet to assemble residue or part with.
When I at first became keen on blades, I began down this street, yet luckily got myself before I kicked excessively far and off to wonder why do I want this blade? I normally addressed myself with….because it's superior to the last blade or it does "no big deal either way" better then the final remaining one. I before long understood that the blades I purchased in the past were for some unacceptable reasons. I just got them since they were before me and looked great. So…..Where is this going?
Before you choose to purchase a blade or start an assortment contemplate what you will utilize the knife(s) for, and how a specific blade will squeeze into a bigger assortment. I'm not telling you not to purchase numerous blades, just to purchase carefully to limit the quantity of blades you will toss in a cabinet to assemble dust.
Key Blade Elements to Consider
Purchase all that can be expected. (duh!) the blades I sell are all from great producers. They are blades I would purchase and claim myself. Truth be told, I really do possess a couple from a portion of these brands and will likely get some more. So on the off chance that you select a blade I sell you will basically purchase a quality blade and deal with point one.
Fixed or Collapsing sharp edge:
First decide the planned utilization of the blade. A blade for hunti

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For the first time in 75 years, A young actor brings back to life two of Universal's iconic Karloff monsters,"The Mummy" and "Frankenstein" for an elaborate screen test and tribute to the legendary Boris Karloff.
A Labor of love, a great documentary, a moment of magic, a tribute to greatness, Kreating Karloff is all of those things and more. Conor Timmis has a dream. This film is that realization. A fan of Boris Karloff films, Conor sets out to gather a group of filmmakers, makeup artists, actors and horror historians to not only create and document the event but re-create a likeness of Karloff on screen in fantastic detail. More than just a simple tribute, Conor becomes Karloff which is the most amazing of all. It's a film for fans of a lost generation, a legend of classic horror and re-introduction to one of the greats who influenced so many others over the years.
In watching this film, it was refreshing to see Connors dedication to this event and his transformation. Conor who some might say has a bit of a Neil Patrick Harris look to him brings in modern makeup artist Norman Bryn to not only replicate Karloff's makeup but reconstruct Conor's face to a startling likeness. Great detail is presented as he goes over his process to build up the face structure in levels and then apply many of the old school techniques used by Jack Pierce to attain the stunning look that Boris used. We are not only given the before and after, but the steps in between as well.
We are taken through steps and famous rev-creations of scenes form Boris's films, Frankenstein (1931) and The Mummy (1932). It is no fluke as we see the dedication that went into this re-enactment. Beyond the process of the makeup, I was astounded to hear Conor's dead on impression of Karloff's voice and line re-citation. It is one thing to see the makeup but a whole nother to see the performance and voice articulated so precise that you would think you were watching the real deal. Time and effort were also invested to recreate the lighting used, the camera angles, shots and the accompaniment by other actors to interact on screen and play out the classic scenes. I would have to say between the 2 transformations that the Mummy was the greater. This is part due to the part having vocal lines. Frankenstein was very well done, however with Conors young face the makeup lacked the longer more aged look of the original Boris. Though no fault as the performance was a hoot to see.
Wikipedia lists the following background information on Karloff, Boris Karloff born William Henry Pratt (23 November 1887 – 2 February 1969) was an English actor who emigrated to Canada in the 1910s. He is best remembered for his roles in horror films and his portrayal of Frankenstein's monster in the 1931 film Frankenstein. His popularity following Frankenstein in the early 1930s was such that for a brief time he was billed simply as "Karloff" or, on some movie posters, "Karloff the Uncanny."
This film is not just for classic horror fans but for film makers, actors, and makeup artists as well. Add to that, that it makes for a great family sit down that explains the history of Karloff and the work that went into making films back then. Makeup breakdowns are explained along with how the industry has changed. We are given great insight on why classics such as these are less seen today than modern fare and revealed a greatdetail of background on the man and his legacy.
I also really enjoyed the classic performance by Liesl Ehardt who obviously put time into preparing for the reenactments as well. Great job to all, a really nice watch for those looking for something new and unique.
Kreating Karloff


text: Workday Minnesota is the latest development in a long-term communications partnership between the Labor Education Service, University of Minnesota, and the working people of the state and their labor organizations.Workday Minnesota does not reflect the views of any institution or organization but rather seeks to be a news and information source that combines journalistic ethics and practices with a focus on the lives and concerns of working people. Our admitted bias is that we present the world of events and issues through the prism of social and economic justice and the dignity of work. We offer Workday Minnesota as an alternative to the world of corporate-dominated media.


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Little Big Town, LoCash Cowboys + More Launch CMA Fest Week With Annual Parade
For the eighth consecutive year, country music stars and fans gathered on the streets of downtown Nashville for the CMA Music Festival Kick-Off Parade. Fans swarmed the blocked-off streets starting early on Wednesday (June 6), in order to make sure they had the best view of the celebrities riding in a wide variety of Chevrolet vehicles.
Little Big Town, LoCash Cowboys, Florida Georgia Line, Colt Ford, Ira Dean, Tyler Farr, JT Hodges, Glen Campbell, Bucky Covington, Katie Armiger, Jeff Bates, Cowboy Troy, Jaida Dreyer, Due West, Rachele Lynae, Manuel, the McClymonts, Lorrie Morgan, Julie Roberts, Marlee Scott, Gwen Sebastian, Matt Stillwell, Payton Rae and David St. Romain, Trent Tomlinson and Trailer Choir were among some of the celebs smiling and waving to the fans. Some even tossed out mementos for them to take home after the week-long festivities come to an end.
Preston Brust and Chris Lucas of the LoCash Cowboys rode atop an Operation Troop Aid-sponsored Hummer, as they tossed fans below souvenir baseballs with their logo. The parade was not the duo's first rodeo. They have been honored with being involved with the tradition for the past couple of years and always look forward to the day.
"Today was an absolute blast, standing on top of the Operation Troop Aid hummer, throwing out LoCash baseballs, with the weather being perfect and so many people on the streets smiling and having a good time," LoCash's Preston Brust told Taste of Country following the parade. "It was so good to see so many people in Nashville ready to rock out for CMA Fest week, and that is why this parade will always be my one of my favorite events during the CMA Music Festival!"
All of the musical performances and artist autograph signings will begin to take place on Thursday morning (June 7) and conclude on Sunday, June 10. Stay tuned to Taste of Country for all the latest highlights from many of the events happening around town this week.


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A permit is not required for storage sheds 150 square feet or less, however the building and zoning codes still apply to your project. The storage shed must be structurally sound and placed the proper distances from lot lines where applicable. Contact the City of West Allis Code Enforcement Department at (414) 302-8400 or review the Revised Municipal Code, Section 13.23, online or at City Hall.
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Ultimately, it is the home owner's or property owner's responsibility to obtain permits for any work requiring permits. If a contractor does work for you but does not obtain a permit before starting, that is a contract dispute between you and them. The City will not get involved in contract disputes between a home owner and a contractor. The best way to ensure that a permit has been obtained is to ask the contractor to show you the permit or give you the permit number prior to allowing them to start any work on your house. As a home owner or property owner, you are also responsible for any work done by previous owners or contractors without permits. Be sure to check our property file records at City Hall before purchasing any property to know what you are buying. Do not rely on real estate listings, assessment records or other online reporting tools. Only the permit records at City Hall in the Department of Code Enforcement office has the full list of permits that have been issued for a property.
Being proficient in the construction trades generally requires several years of learning the skills and code requirements related to all aspects of the trade. However, we recognize that some homeowners may be skilled in certain aspects of the construction trades and may want to perform work generally required to be performed by a licensed contractor. You are permitted to obtain a permit and perform building construction work as a home owner of a one- or two-family dwelling who resides at the dwelling. If your project involves electrical or plumbing work, it would typically require a licensed contractor to obtain permits and perform the work. However, a homeowner who resides at the property may be allowed to repair or replace various items around the house on their own, with or without a permit, depending on what the project entails.
The applicable building, electrical, mechanical, plumbing, and zoning codes still apply to your project, even if no permit is required. The only difference is that you are exempt from obtaining a permit and no inspection will be made. City Hall has copies of all local, state and national codes that govern your project, and these codes are also available through links on this website.
Any habitable space that is created requires a building permit. If you are just painting the basement walls and not constructing new walls or creating rooms, no permit is required. If you create finished space in your basement, keep in mind that a permit is required as well as following several state and local codes. For example, if a basement bedroom is constructed, a second exit (typically an egress window) is required to be installed to the state building code.
Fence permits are not required by the City of West Allis; however certain requirements do need to be followed. Residential property owners may place a fence with a height no greater than six feet up to the property line in the side and rear yards. Fences are not permitted in the required front yard. The "good side" of the fence is required to face out towards your neighbors. Fences are not allowed to project into the vision triangle at the intersection of streets or alleys on residential properties. If you have any questions about fence locations, you can contact the City of West Allis Department of Code Enforcement at (414) 302-8400 or review the Revised Municipal Code, Section 13.31, online or at City Hall.
Re-roofing a house is considered maintenance and does not generally require a permit. However, if structural damage is found on your house, a permit may be required to replace any roof structural members (this does not include the plywood or OSB sheathing that goes down on the roof rafters or trusses). The West Allis municipal code only allows two layers of roofing material on a house, so if you have two layers already, they will have to be removed before installing the new roofing material. The amount of attic ventilation on your house cannot be reduced through a re-roofing project.
Re-siding a house is considered maintenance and does not generally require a permit. However, if structural damage is found on your house, a permit may be required to replace any wall structural members (this does not include the plywood or OSB sheathing on the wall).
Yes. Water heaters are not considered fixtures orappliances. They are pressure vessels that, if installed incorrectly, can causeserious harm. Gas-fired water heaters must also be properly ventilated to avoidcarbon monoxide poisoning.
Window replacement is considered maintenance and does not generally require a permit. However, if you choose to install a different size, or potentially style of window, a permit is required. Habitable rooms in dwellings require a certain amount of natural light and natural ventilation, and there are requirements for egress through a window of certain rooms in an emergency. Reducing the size of a window could affect those requirements. Increasing the size of a window typically will involve structural modifications to the wall to create a larger header over the window, and framing modifications.
If you are only replacing counter tops and/or cabinets andnot altering the physical space by opening or changing walls, a building permitis not required. Increasing the size of the room, performing structuralmodifications (including removing walls), adding or removing a soffit above thecabinets or removing/replacing drywall will require a building permit. Whenapplicable, electrical and plumbing permits will be required for any workperformed, and licensed contractors must typically obtain these permits.
No. Repairs or replacement of lighting fixtures, lightswitches, devices or receptacles do not require a permit. CAUTION: Allreplacement light fixtures and switches are now required to be grounded forsafety. If you are unfamiliar with how to ground to an existing electricalsystem, contact a licensed electrician.
It will depend on what is making the yard a mess, and if that is a violation of the City's Property Maintenance Code. You can view the Property Maintenance Code online on the City's website. If you would like to report a property for a messy yard, broken windows, parking on lawns, abandoned vehicles, general property maintenance, tall grass, excessive weeds, sidewalks that are not shoveled, or a number of other issues, please use the "Report a Concern" system on the main City website.
All properties within 150 feet of fire hydrants are responsible for clearing the hydrant per the West Allis Code of Ordinances 11.12. In an emergency, every second counts. Fire hydrants that are blocked or difficult to access due to snow and/or ice waste first responders' valuable time. Keeping them clear means easier access to water to fight emergencies.
If you have a fire hydrant within 150 feet of your property, remove ice and snow from the hydrants at least three feet around the hydrant on all sides, and clear a path from the hydrant to the street.
Property owners are required to remove and clear any snow or ice from public sidewalks in front of their premises within 24 hours after a snow event or formation of ice. This also includes curb ramps at corners, which should be cleared to a minimum width of three feet including the portion of the street to the plowed area. Fire hydrants should also be cleared by property owners within 150 feet of the hydrants. Learn more by viewing the City's Municipal Code Snow & Ice Removal Section 11.12.


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Loading Please Wait Despite a few hopeful moments, Glenn Ficarra and John Requa's glib romantic comedy settles into the same smarmy stereotypes: women are mothers or whores, or some variation thereof, and that's all men are interested in. Men like Cal, played by Steve Carell. He's one step above a 40-year-old virgin, having slept with only one woman in his life, his wife Emily (Julianne Moore). When she announces that she's cheated on him and wants a divorce, Cal gets drunk at a bar, arousing the pity of babe-magnet Jacob (Ryan Gosling), who instructs him on how to "rediscover his manhood" and pick up chicks for one-night stands. As expected, Cal's lingering monogamy wins over both men, and Jacob falls in love with Hannah, played with comic aplomb by Emma Stone. A delightful montage of Gosling and Stone simply talking looks like it might turn into Blue Valentine II, but in the end the only word in the title that's accurate is "stupid."
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Kodak turned the material over to the government in 2007
It was used in scanning and testing for more than 30 years
The amount of fuel was about three-and-a-half pounds
Experts say that's less than a tenth of what's needed for a crude nuclear device
Kodak – the company known for decades for its cameras and film – this week confirmed it used weapons-grade uranium in an underground lab in upstate New York for upwards of 30 years.
A company spokesman and a former scientist for the firm say there was not enough material to sustain a nuclear chain reaction.
Former Kodak researcher Albert Filo said the uranium was alloyed with aluminum in plates sealed in sleeves that were not moved for three decades. The amount of fuel was about 3½ pounds, which experts say is less than one-tenth of the amount necessary to make a crude nuclear device.
The alloyed material "could not be readily converted to make a nuclear weapon," said Eastman Kodak spokesman Christopher Veronda. "Disassembling the device and removing these plates was a process that took highly trained experts more than a day to perform."
But advocates for preventing nuclear proliferation say it highlights the risk that terrorists could obtain enough fuel to build a nuclear device.
"In this day and age, no one should be allowed to possess nuclear-weapons-usable material without providing an armed defense of that material," said Edwin Lyman, a nuclear physicist with the Union of Concerned Scientists.
"There really should be an effort to eliminate the use of materials in commercial companies that could be used by terrorists to make nuclear weapons," he said.
Kodak turned the material over to the government in 2007, under heavy security. But for more than 30 years, the company had a device called a californium neutron flux multiplier, or CFX, in a specially built labyrinth beneath Building 82 at its labs near Rochester, New York. The device was about the size of a refrigerator.
It was not a reactor, but rather a hunk of metal emitting radiation. Its purpose was to create a beam of neutrons to use for scanning and testing other materials. The device's primary source of neutron radiation was the radioactive element californium, but the stream of neutrons produced by the californium was multiplied by passing it through a lattice of highly enriched uranium U-235, whose nuclear fission released additional neutrons.
According to a spokesman for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Kodak's uranium was highly enriched – to a level approaching 93.4%. That is the type of weapons-grade material that U.S. government agencies are trying to prevent terrorists from getting their hands on. (For the sake of comparison, Iran claims to have enriched uranium to 20%, leading Western nations to impose sanctions on the country in an effort to prevent Iran from pursuing further enrichment.)
Lyman acknowledges that the quantity was not enough to make a bomb. "But you can always imagine," he said, "an adversary that was coordinated could steal enough in different areas to kind of consolidate, and have enough for a bomb."
While Kodak did not have armed guards, Filo said that there were security procedures in place to prevent any unauthorized access to the uranium. Also, he said, it would take hours or days for anyone to dismantle the CFX and extract the nuclear fuel.
He also said the bunker was subject to regular inspection, never leaked radiation, and never posed any risk to the neighborhood of radioactive exposure.
"The walls surrounding it were two feet of reinforced concrete. The ceiling over it was again two feet of concrete and then eight feet of earth. So it was really a well-shielded instrument," he said.
Kodak says it never intended to hide the CFX, and it was licensed by both state and federal officials. But the fact that the company was handling highly enriched uranium was never widely publicized.
There are 31 reactors in the United States for research or testing purposes, according to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Most are run by universities and use low-enriched uranium rather than highly enriched uranium.
But weapons-grade fuel is still used in some reactors, said Lyman.
"The (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) reactor, and a (university) reactor in Missouri, both still use highly enriched uranium. The Department of Energy would like those reactors to change the way they operate, so they don't have to use bomb material anymore," he said. "But it's technically hard, it costs a lot of money, and there's resistance."
CNN's Chris Kokenes contributed to this report.


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Tasting a decade of Esprit de Beaucastel Blanc: 2001-2010
July 27, 2011
I got a question from my brother about a wine dinner we'll be doing together in Washington, DC this fall. (At Brasserie Beck, September 27th; should be amazing; more information here.) He wanted to include an older vintage of Esprit de Beaucastel Blanc in the menu and had 2004 and 2006 in the cellar. He wondered which was drinking better. I realized that I didn't know.
This seemed to be as good an excuse as any to check in on our past vintages of Esprit de Beaucastel Blanc. The soon-to-be-bottled 2010 will be the tenth vintage of our signature white, which makes for another nice reason. To top it off, we have decided to include the 2007 Esprit Blanc in our Collector's Edition shipment this September and I wanted to see how it fit into the context of the surrounding vintages. I was joined for the tasting by Winemaker Neil Collins, Viticulturist Levi Glenn and National Sales Manager Tommy Oldre. The lineup:
The tasting was fascinating. Roussanne-based wines tend to go through three distinct stages: a youth of richness and breadth, with flavors of white flowers, herbs, honey and tropical fruits. They then enter a closed period in middle-age, tasting heavy and often woody, before emerging as different wines, nutty and mineral, often spicy and caramel-tinged. This tasting highlighted the reemergence of the 2004 (one of my favorite wines of the tasting) and the shutting down of the 2005. But that closed 2005 provided a nice fulcrum: the four older wines, while all distinctive, showed the rewards of aging, while the four younger wines (plus the unbottled 2010) expressed to varying degrees the vibrancy and power of youth. By vintage:
- 2001 Esprit de Beaucastel Blanc (44% Roussanne, 22% Viognier, 18% Grenache Blanc, 16% Marsanne): A clean nose of honey, mineral, petrol and saline. The mouth is beautiful, mid-weight, with caramel apple and a little tannic bite that suggests that it still has a few years to go. The relatively low percentage of Roussanne in this, the first Esprit Blanc, gave it a different character than the succeeding older wines, a little less weighty, a little higher-toned. I would never have guessed that this was a decade old.
- 2002 Esprit de Beaucastel Blanc (70% Roussanne, 25% Grenache Blanc, 5% Viognier): Wood on the nose, a little dusty, with some cantaloupe lurking underneath. Maybe still a touch closed? Neil tasted the influence of the cork, though the wine wasn't corked. The mouth was much more appealing, with buttered toast and caramel, excellent richness and a chewy, almost tannic character on the finish. The wine blossomed after sitting open for 20 minutes or so. As amazing as it seems, we thought that the wine was still too young. If you're drinking it now, be sure to decant.
- 2003 Esprit de Beaucastel Blanc (68% Roussanne, 27% Grenache Blanc, 5% Viognier): Aromatics jumped out of the glass compared to the 2002 with honey and a touch of heat. The mouth is rich and very long, with an appealing touch of jasmine lifting the flavors and some gingery spice deepening them. The finish was maybe the least resolved piece of the wine, a touch disjointed, and didn't quite live up to the aromas or palate. I'd tend to give this another 6 months or so, but it's close.
- 2004 Esprit de Beaucastel Blanc (65% Roussanne, 30% Grenache Blanc, 5% Picpoul Blanc): A more focused nose than any of the previous wines shows the signature of the Picpoul. It's still amazing to me what a difference it made swapping out the 5% Viognier for 5% Picpoul at the time we were blending this wine... still a vivid memory. It totally brought the wine into focus and brought out a startling saline minerality that wasn't there with the Viognier. Now, it shows that saline character on the nose, with white flowers, a sense of power more held in check (think BMW rather than Mustang). Nice acids come out on the finish, with a lingering character of honeydew and preserved lemon. Easily my favorite of the older wines.
- 2005 Esprit de Beaucastel Blanc (70% Roussanne, 25% Grenache Blanc, 5% Picpoul Blanc): Levi commented that the wine smelled like oak-aged champagne, and he was right... a toasty, almost yeasty character on the nose with dried pineapple as the primary fruit. On the palate rich but tasting a touch oxidized, lifted at the end by vibrant but not totally integrated acids and a touch of tannin. Still a beautiful color. Just in its awkward middle phase; should be spectacular in a couple of years.
- 2006 Esprit de Beaucastel Blanc (65% Roussanne, 30% Grenache Blanc, 5% Picpoul Blanc): Lighter in color than any of the previous wines, and the Grenache Blanc's green apple comes through on the nose. Very pretty, with additional aromatics of fresh pineapple and a gentle herbiness that Tommy identified as white tea. Gorgeous sweet fruit in the mouth, pretty and vivacious. A long, clean finish. Beautiful. Great drinking now, but don't be surprised if it shuts down sometime around the end of the year... it's next in line.
- 2007 Esprit de Beaucastel Blanc (68% Roussanne, 22% Grenache Blanc, 10% Picpoul Blanc): Rich and powerful compared to the 2006, with an explosive nose of ginger and honey, rose petals, and licorice stick. In the mouth it's thick and broad, lifted nicely at the end by that same herby white tea note that we found in the 2006. A really long finish... the longest of any of the wines that we tasted.
- 2008 Esprit de Beaucastel Blanc (65% Roussanne, 30% Grenache Banc, 5% Picpoul Blanc): A bright nose, higher-toned than any before, which Levi nailed as passion fruit. Neil called it "a little more wispy than the 2007". Tommy contributed my favorite quote of the tasting: "more San Francisco yoga instructor than Hollywood starlet". In the mouth a touch less structured than the past few vintages, with flavors of white peach, licorice, and white tea and a texture that Neil said reminded him of powdered sugar. Deceptive richness because it's so balanced. Just a beautiful showing for this wine.
- 2009 Esprit de Beaucastel Blanc (62% Roussanne, 26% Grenache Blanc, 12% Picpoul Blanc): A familiar smell to me as it's the wine I've been out showing to people. Rich, youthful, creamy nose for fresh honey, almost toasted marshmallow in its perception of sweetness on the nose. But on the palate richness gives way to structure with flavors of citrus zest and clove, ginger and lemon drop. Still a baby.
- 2010 Esprit de Beaucastel Blanc (60% Roussanne, 35% Grenache Blanc, 5% Picpoul Blanc): Out of a very chilly tank; we're bottling this in 3 weeks and it's being cold stabilized. Similar to the 2009 but a bit higher-toned, showing more yellow sweet/tart fruit like passion fruit, pineapple and mango. A hint of lychee comes out as the wine warms. In the mouth it's rich but has great structure, and is very clean and pure. Should be a stunner.
A few concluding thoughts. Compared to the Esprit red, which shows greater differences in personality from one vintage to the next, the Esprit Blancs displayed more similarities across vintages. The blend has also stayed relatively stable through the years; except for 2001 every vintage has between 60% and 70% Roussanne. But it was interesting to see the extent to which the older wines had moved since our last vertical tasting a year ago. The 2003 and 2004 Esprit Blancs had come out of a closed phase and the 2005 had moved in; the 2002 was showing less well; and the vintages since 2006 were largely unchanged.
I was also struck by just how good these wines all were. I know that's an odd thing to say -- of course I'm supposed to think they're good -- but the depth of richness, the minerality, the balance and the ability to age I think put this wine, vintage after vintage, up with the best rich, dry whites anywhere in the world. Drop them in lineups with the best Alsatian rieslings, the best chardonnays from California and Burgundy, maybe a few top semillons... I think they'll shine. And this in a region that was supposed only to be good for red wines!


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I often get asked what the best beauty products are, or which are my favorites. Because there are thousands of products being launched each year, and I am often privileged to try them just as they come to the market, it is always a tough question. One reason being a part of Cosmoprof is so exciting is I get to see entrepreneurs from around the world unveil their innovations, hoping to be the next big thing.
When I am asked about what new trends I have seen, I ponder how to define the term "trend" and what is trendy. Originality that will capture consumer imagination is a key factor; thus here are my predictions for hair, skin, ingredients and niche categories and where they are heading in the next few months and years to come—as well as brands that are leading the way.
Hair Care
The hair care category is experiencing a shift wherein claims and ingredients that are traditionally associated with skin care are now crossing over. Retailers could potentially organize hair care assortments according to classifications such as hair vitality and anti-aging, strengthening and fortifying, hair growth and restructuring, hair volume and texturizing, and hair color renewal. This would enable retailers to help consumers identify the best problem-solving products—and sell more products at higher price points.
Hair vitality and anti-aging: The hair vitality and anti-aging category makes claims consumers have become familiar with in the skin care realm. For example, brand Olez claims to be the equivalent of hair Botox, a unique oxygen therapy that helps detoxify the hair and scalp while removing toxins. The Keratage professional hair care brand also makes age-defying claims; the line consists of a series of treatments designed to repair the hair from inside out with its Kernox patented technology, which it touts as a scientific breakthrough in the anti-aging hair care category. And Italian company Landoll launched a three-item hair care collection featuring hyaluronic acid, marine collagen and marine algae. This professional-use line is meant to be used in salons as a treatment, and clients get a shampoo to use at home as a follow-up routine to help rejuvenate hair.
Strengthening and fortifying: Claiming to rebuild hair texture, the Toppik hair care brand features keratin fibers that cling to existing hair and fill in thinning or balding areas. Meanwhile, the newly launched hair care line gutZgray utilizes technology in non-embryonic stem cell research and comes enriched with essential oils, extracts and vitamins specifically created for the coarse gray hair market.
Hair growth and restructuring: The hair growth and restructuring segment is not only enjoying the advent of devices such as laser brushes and caps but is also showing advances in bringing to market natural, drug-free and even gluten-free formulations and dermatology-endorsed hair care products.
Hair Essentials is positioned as an all-natural, 100% drug-free, certified gluten-free breakthrough formula that naturally combats hair loss, revitalizes hair follicles, and nourishes thicker, healthier, faster-growing hair. Meanwhile Revivogen Pro claims to be the first medically formulated natural solution for thinning hair from the dermatologist office.
Hair volume and texturizing: The hair volume and texturizing market, while present for a long time, is now poised for tremendous growth as the ethnic population segment is predicted to expand significantly in the years to come. In fact, it is estimated that 80% of the growth in the U.S. beauty market will be driven by ethnicities other than Caucasian over the next seven years. Retailers should move this category and merchandise it side by side with the other categories mentioned as non-ethnic customers may need similar formulations for their hair.
Brands leading the way include ApHogee Curlific!, a new line of products for textured, wavy and curly hair that includes the brand's exclusive PropHytamine Complex, which utilizes precise levels of proteins, emollients and humectants to achieve and maintain healthy hair. Another new product line, Miss Jessie's Jelly Soft Curls is a styler specifically designed to leave curls touchably soft and crunch free while providing shine and hold.
Hair color renewal: The next barrier to break in the hair market is the hair color renewal category, meaning products that help gray hair turn back to its original color by altering the pigmentation of the hair strand. Many companies are conducting extensive R&D in this area, and some are even starting to claim some success.
Shu Uemura's Full Shimmer is an illuminating hair care collection that adds vibrancy to color with musk rose oil that leaves hair with a glazed touch from roots to ends. Musk oil helps prevent oxidation and boosts shine and color. And Shiseido's Adenogen Hair Energizing Formula is an ultra-intensive, fully reinvigorating treatment for hair that works at the root and scalp. The energizing lotion is designed to be massaged into the scalp to restore hair's natural vitality, thickness and healthy sheen.
Skin Care
As the hair care market is heading into the segmentation and claims pioneered by skin care products, what's evolving in the skin care market? Several shifts are occurring that indicate important changes to this market's dynamic.
As expected as the baby boomer generation gets older, consumers are seeking more powerful actives and results. It is estimated that in the next decade, 65% of all future growth in the beauty industry will come from older consumers.
At the same time, many younger women are opting for advanced anti-agers at an earlier age. The days of marketing skin care products by age groups are long gone. What we will see going forward will likely be broad categories using skin's behavior as the cornerstones for positioning products.
Also, due to advancing technology, skin care brands are now able to fine tune the delivery mechanisms and active ingredients to best deliver ingredients into skin, bringing in the so-called "super anti-agers." The super anti-agers deliver cosmeceutical, OTC-grade performance by combining powerful actives, delivery systems and novel approaches aimed at enhancing skin's functions.
Some of the most unique ideas in skin care are from niche players that are likely to find favor with retail buyers and consumers in the next year or so. Here are some of the finds that I uncovered at Cosmoprof Worldwide, held in Bologna in spring 2013.
Space age technology: 111Skin is positioned as a new generation of anti-aging skin care, founded and developed by plastic surgeon Dr. Yannis Alexandrides, who observed that while surgery can lift, enhance, reshape and correct, it cannot revive skin to be more youthful or radiant in appearance, or protect against environmental damage. Based in London, 111Skin claims that its key ingredients were used by astronauts in extreme space conditions where accelerated aging is reported to occur. The product range consists of eight skin care products, and each contains a patented formula: NAC Y2, a combination of NAC, vitamin C and escin to increase glutathione, which the company claims is the most vital antioxidant in our cells. The 111Skin range is exclusive to Harrods UK.
Nobel Prize-winning science: Forlle'd is an elite cosmetic collection from Japan, and its professional skin care line Hyalogy is said to be based on a patented, low-molecular ionized hyaluronic acid with molecules only five nanometers wide and with high ionization levels—allowing it to reach deep into the skin without the need for injection. Forlle'd technology is based on the invention of Koichi Tanaka, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in 2002. Based on Tanaka's invention and a patented manufacturing process, the Forlle'd laboratory claims to have created and measured a low molecular hyaluronic acid, capable of penetrating into deep layers of skin and protecting its moisture. The company also claims that the penetration extends through the basal membrane into the dermis, and the low-molecular ionized hyaluronic acid enhances its ability to retain moisture, giving a double moisturizing effect.
Evaporative cooling technology: LiquidIce CosMedicals is a cosmedical brand from Switzerland. It was established in 2005 and made available only to select plastic surgeons, dermatologists and aesthetic clinics. The brand literature describes innovative natural thermodynamic treatments that deliver targeted evaporative cooling to the skin, lowering its temperature by 5°C to strengthen the tissue and close the pores, along with other visible results, in just 10 minutes. The LiquidIce brand also claims to be medically proven, offering dermatological science- and fact-based treatments that are safe for both professional and home use.
LiquidIce manufacturing is done in the center of the Swiss mountains, and claims to benefit from pure ingredients such as Swiss mountain water, as well as pharmaceutical production standards.
Biomedical approach: The Luksus beauty skin care formulations are the brainchild of Lili Fan, MD, a scientist and anti-aging formulator of many top-selling skin care products, as well as a leading peptide technology researcher. The Luksus skin care range claims to harness ingredients such as a retino-peptide/LYSODAG/probiotic complex to help skin actually "digest" ingredients, thus diminishing age-related skin factors. The company reports that these peptides work synergistically to trigger a positive response in skin's gene expression, stimulating growth factors and boosting cells to increase collagen and elastin production. This technology produces visible line elimination, and reduces large pores, sagging and spots.
"By using bioactive anti-inflammatory and collagen regeneration, I believe I can return skin to a more youthful look and feel," says Fan.
Digital technology: Utilizing the smartphone to put these and many other anti-aging products to the test, everyday technology will enable consumers to see the changes to their skin, as well allow them to tap into a network of women consumers with skin types and issues matching theirs to get support and advice before making a purchase.
Beautécam from Japan is an iPhone-compatible app that allows everyone to try their hand at self-skin analysis. Users get a 30x magnification lens (sold separately) to clip over the iPhone camera. After a photo is taken, the app checks texture, dryness, aging, sun spots and pores, then users can share results with their own network of friends online.
The genesis of the self-skin analysis will put even more pressure on skin care manufacturers to develop powerful super anti-agers, and personally, I am excited to experience all this up-and-coming technology.
Artistic Touch
Another trend being seen in the beauty industry is the emergence of entrepreneurs with an artistic flair who develop niche labels that are an expression of their originality combined with a strong desire to express a point of view or idea. Perfumes, soaps and body care lend themselves best to this concept, as these product types can be feasibly created in home labs.
Based on the idea of scarcity and exclusivity, with extra attention to artisanship and detail due to the often low output quantity, these labels give the user a total experience—including visually through the use of unique packaging and materials, as well as sensorially through the products' texture, feel and smell.
While in Italy, I was charmed by Duccio Cresci, the artist and creator of Experimenta Firenze. He creates handmade soaps wrapped in handprinted silk fabric that can then be reused. Additionally, I was drawn to his beautiful displays of Carrara marble stone, which are immersed in fragrance for three months and are meant to be used as both art and home fragrance experiences.
Also of note are the Parfums Bombay 1950 scents created by Luciano Sorrentino d'Afflitto and that are inspired by his travels. Each fragrance in the collection is inspired by places in the world he visited and the exotic fragrances he associated with those destinations.
Another, U.S. artist Beau Rhee is the founding director of Atelier de Geste, a studio and brand that works between the creative platforms of art, design and performance. The studio is based in New York, and, through its design products, aims to reduce the distinction between fine art and the everyday.
Also, unisex scents such as Blood Sweat Tears mix exotic notes of tea, tobacco, mixed woods, jasmine and fruits, while Mémoire Liquide Reserve Edition honors the artist and originality in each of us. The old world-style oil bottles with rubber pipettes are an open laboratory found in select luxury specialty stores, allowing each woman the opportunity to have a scent developed and customized for her on the spot—and the recipe is saved to allow for later replenishments.
Supercharged with Food
We close this trend overview with the last key element that I see making headway in several beauty categories—food.
The connection humans have with food is the most basic and elemental, and because we acquaint ourselves with the ingredients and properties of food so early and so intimately through our own experiences, we naturally respond positively when encountering such ingredients used in beauty.
The prevalence of gourmet-type ingredients in beauty products is across the board—in oils, skin and body care, fragrances, and beyond. Trends in the food industry often are adopted in the beauty industry relatively quickly—the organic movement, for example, as well as supercharged power foods (usually fruits and nuts), probiotics and sea plants. Want to know what the next major edible ingredient making headway in beauty will be? Tune into the Food Network or the Cooking Channel and track what's hot there.
We've experienced the popularity of ingredients that come from exotic parts of the world that we are unsure of how to properly pronounce or write, but which we are told are great for our overall health. One such ingredient comes from the manuka bush found in New Zealand. It produces a thick resin, and the so-called manuka honey, known for healing and moisturizing, has been promoted as a natural medicine with antibacterial activity that is superior to other types of honey. The Manuka Doctor skin care brand from New Zealand has a range of formulations based on two key ingredients: certified manuka honey and the brands' own patented purified bee venom, which it calls "nature's answer to Botox."
Also, the açaí palms native to Central and South America—from Belize southward to Brazil and Peru, and growing mainly in swamps and floodplains—are touted as one of the most powerful antioxidant plants by some beauty brands. Karora, an Irish botanical bronzing collection, recently unveiled its CC cream for the face and body with signature ingredients of açaí berry and argan to provide intense skin treatments.
The business of beneficial bacteria also seems to be booming, with the word probiotics showing up on labels of everything from supplements to yogurt to skin care. Probiotics are the friendly bacteria that previously mentioned Dr. Lili Fan's Luksus skin care line has harnessed in a patent-pending stem cell stimulation technology, creating a unique complex that increases protein genesis and decreases protease reaction.
And another brand, feedmyskin, is gourmet skin care designed to—no surprise—feed your skin. Inspired by recipes from some of the world's premier spas and beauty editors, many of the products are designed to be used chilled.
Science also has now shown that the fresh ingredients in oils, such as truffle and argan oils, contain extremely beneficial compounds in their natural form—and are now proven to have great anti-aging benefits. Infusing old traditional recipes into Skin&Co. Roma's products is one of the core ways that the beauty brand ensures its products offer anti-aging benefits.
Additionally, Natura Siberica offers a comprehensive health and beauty collection made with wild-harvested Siberian herbs, and the Guam Beauty Mud brand offers an Italian anti-cellulite product via a home seaweed-based body wrap that is clinically proven to significantly reduce cellulite.
A Beautiful Tomorrow
So, what is your definition of a trend? The general direction in which something is moving? A fashion trend would refer to a style currently popular. The word trend can also mean to swerve, turn or change direction quickly.
I think the beauty industry is built on twists and turns, which lead to an exciting dynamic of innovation and reinvention—and we are all on the chase for what's next. Happy chasing!
As director of marketing for SoGeCos Americas/Cosmoprof North America, Daniela Ciocan is responsible for keeping this professional trade show fresh. She implemented new initiatives such as Discover Beauty and the International Buyer Program, and selects the brands for Discover Beauty, a testament to her vision for what is hot in the industry. She previously was responsible for Awake Cosmetics' luxury specialty store distribution launch in the U.S., overseeing all aspects of brand management, and following her success with establishing Kosé in the high-end market, she introduced several other brands, such as Sekkisei and Predia, into the masstige sector. Ciocan, who graduated magna cum laude from FIT, currently serves on the ICMAD advisory board and is chairwoman of the communication committee.


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Southern Baptists are Great Commission people. We are also a doctrinal people, and those doctrinal convictions undergird our Great Commission vision and passion. We are a confessional people, who stand together upon the doctrines most vital to us all, confessed together in The Baptist Faith and Message.
Within this common confession, we sometimes disagree over certain theological issues that should not threaten our Great Commission cooperation. We recognize that significant theological disagreement on such issues has occurred with respect to Calvinism. It is, therefore, our responsibility to come together with open hearts and minds in order to speak truthfully, honestly, and respectfully about these theological and doctrinal issues that concern us, threaten to divide us, and compel us into conversation. Such engagement is appropriate at every level of Southern Baptist life including local congregations, associations, state conventions, and the Southern Baptist Convention.
This spirit of conversation has been the hallmark of the meetings of the Calvinism Advisory Committee. We have spent hours together in fruitful, respectful, and candid conversation. We entered these conversations as brothers and sisters in Christ and as faithful and thankful Southern Baptists. Our purpose was neither to resolve centuries of doctrinal disagreement nor to consume ourselves with doctrinal debate. Our purpose was to suggest a course for moving forward together while taking seriously and representing fairly the theological diversity that exists in and has been the strength of Southern Baptist life.
Four central issues have become clear to us as we have met together. We affirm together that Southern Baptists must stand without apology upon truth; that we do indeed have some challenging but not insurmountable points of tension; that we must work together with trust; and that we must encourage one another to testimony.
The Bible
We affirm that the Holy Scriptures are the inerrant, infallible, and totally trustworthy Word of God and our supreme authority on all matters of truth. We affirm that the Gospel of Jesus Christ is the great theme of all Scripture and that the Bible is sufficient to reveal all we need to know concerning God's purpose to save sinners.
We deny that any human system of thought or any theological tradition can assume supreme authority or be allowed to supplant dependence upon the Bible and all that it reveals. Neither Calvinism nor non-Calvinism ought to be equated exclusively with sound Southern Baptist doctrine nor be considered inconsistent with it.
The Lostness of Humanity
We affirm that all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God and that the universal condition of humanity is lostness, as every single human being, Jesus alone excepted, is a sinner whose only hope of salvation is the Gospel of Jesus Christ.
We deny that any human being is without need of salvation through faith in Jesus Christ, and we deny any teaching that minimizes the truth about sin and the need of all persons to repent and believe in the Lord Jesus Christ.
The Power of the Gospel
We affirm that our Lord is mighty to save and that He saves to the uttermost. We affirm the power of the Gospel to redeem every single human being through the death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus Christ, whom the Father has now declared to be both Lord and Christ, the Savior of the world.
We deny that the Gospel is without power to save anyone who repents and believes in Jesus Christ. We also deny that the Gospel as revealed in Scripture lacks anything needful for our salvation.
The Offer of the Gospel
We affirm that the Gospel is to be made known freely to all in the good faith offer that if anyone confesses that Jesus Christ is Lord and believes in his heart that God has raised Christ from the dead, he will be saved.
We deny that the Gospel lacks any power to save anyone who believes in Christ and receives Him as Savior and Lord. Anyone who understands the Gospel through the power of the Holy Spirit may, in prayer and petition, trust Christ through repentance and faith, and we should plead with all sinners to do so.
The Exclusivity of the Gospel
We affirm that salvation is found in the name of Christ and in no other name. We affirm that Jesus Christ is the Way, the Truth, and the Life and that no one can come to the Father but by Him. We affirm the exclusivity of the Gospel of Christ as the only message of salvation.
We deny that salvation can come to any sinner by any other gospel, any other system of faith and practice, or by any name other than Jesus Christ.
The Atonement of Jesus Christ
We affirm that the death of Jesus Christ on the cross was both penal and substitutionary and that the atonement He accomplished was sufficient for the sins of the entire world.
We deny that there is anything lacking in the atonement of Christ to provide for the salvation of anyone.
The Reality of Heaven and Hell
We affirm that all who come to Christ by faith will be with Him forever in heaven, which He has prepared for the saints. We affirm that all who reject Christ and do not come to Him by faith will spend eternity in hell, a place of eternal punishment.
We deny that there is any opportunity for salvation after the point of death, when all humanity will face the judgment of God.
The Necessity of Conversion
We affirm that salvation involves the conversion of the sinner, whereby the sinner consciously clings to Christ by faith, repents of sin, believes the promises of the Gospel, and publicly professes faith in Christ. We affirm the necessity of conversion and the truth that conversion involves the will of the believer as well as the will of God.
We deny that salvation comes to anyone who has not experienced conversion. We also deny that salvation comes to any sinner who does not will to believe and receive Christ.
The Great Commission
We affirm the church's duty to obey Christ by preaching the Gospel to all the nations and by making disciples who obey all that Christ has commanded. We affirm every believer's responsibility to tell anyone and everyone about Jesus and the responsibility of every congregation to be a sending, going, and giving assembly of believers.
We deny that missions and evangelism can be neglected without denying the power of the Gospel; that any church can be faithful without a missionary urgency; and that any believer can be obedient without telling others about Jesus. We deny that evangelism can exist apart from the call to make disciples. Every sinner should be implored to trust Christ by calling on Him through repentance and faith, and every convert should be discipled toward maturity, commitment to the church, and passion for the lost.
Although we are committed to these central truths, we recognize that within them there are tensions:
- God desires for all to come to repentance, yet not all do.
- Humans are ruined by the Fall, yet required to respond in faith.
- God is sovereign in salvation, yet individuals are still held responsible for their reception or rejection of the Gospel.
- Southern Baptist identity has often been connected to Calvinism, yet has often significantly modified it.
These are just a few of the dynamics at work in Southern Baptist faith and practice. While these tensions can be a source of frustration, especially when we are uncharitable toward those with whom we disagree, they have also been a great benefit to us, reminding us that God's ways are higher than ours, that no systematic construct can ever contain the fullness of Scriptural truth, that it is we and not the Bible who are subject to error, that we should approach the Word with both fidelity to the past and readiness for further reformation, and that it is better to live in the tensions of unanswered questions than to ignore or adjust some part of the whole counsel of God.
With a full recognition of the limitless wisdom of God's Word and the limited wisdom of ourselves, we urge Southern Baptists to grant one another liberty in those areas within The Baptist Faith and Message where differences in interpretation cause us to disagree. For instance,
- We agree that God loves everyone and desires to save everyone, but we differ as to why only some are ultimately saved.
- While we all heartily affirm the article on election in The Baptist Faith and Message (Article V), we differ as to whether the response of faith plays a role in one's election.
- We agree that the penal and substitutionary death of Christ was sufficient for the sins of the entire world, but we differ as to whether Jesus actually substituted for the sins of all people or only the elect.
- We agree that the Gospel should be proclaimed to everyone, but we differ as to whether or how every hearer will be enabled to respond.
- We agree that everyone has inherited Adam's hopelessly fallen sin nature, but we differ as to whether we also inherit his guilt.
- We agree that men and women are sinners, but we differ about the effects of sin on the mind and the will.
- We recognize the differences among us between those who believe that sin nullifies freedom to respond to the Gospel and those who believe that freedom to respond to the Gospel is marred but not nullified.
- We agree that God is absolutely sovereign in initiating salvation, uniting the believer to Himself, and preserving the believer to the end, but we differ as to how God expresses His sovereignty with respect to human freedom.
- We agree that the Holy Spirit working through the Gospel enables sinners to be saved, but we differ as to whether this grace is resistible or irresistible.
- We agree on the necessity of regeneration that results in God-ordained, Christ-centered, Spirit-empowered obedience from the heart, but differ as to whether faith precedes regeneration or regeneration precedes faith.
- We agree that most Southern Baptists believe that those who die before they are capable of moral action go to heaven through the grace of God and the atonement of Christ, even as they differ as to why this is so.
These differences should spur us to search the Scriptures more dutifully, to engage in lively interaction for mutual sharpening and collective Gospel effectiveness, and to give thanks that what we hold in common far surpasses that on which we disagree. But these particular differences do not constitute a sufficient basis for division and must not be allowed to hamper the truly crucial cooperative effort of taking the Gospel to a waiting world. Southern Baptists who stand on either side of these issues should celebrate the freedom to hold their views with passion while granting others the freedom to do the same.
We affirm that Southern Baptists stand together in a commitment to cooperate in Great Commission ministries. We affirm that, from the very beginning of our denominational life, Calvinists and nonCalvinists have cooperated together. We affirm that these differences should not threaten our eager cooperation in Great Commission ministries.
We deny that the issues now discussed among us should in any way undermine or hamper our work together if we grant one another liberty and extend to one another charity in these differences. Neither those insisting that Calvinism should dominate Southern Baptist identity nor those who call for its elimination should set the course for our life together.
We affirm that The Baptist Faith and Message, as adopted by the Southern Baptist Convention in 2000, stands as a sufficient and truthful statement of those doctrines most certainly held among us. We affirm that this confession of faith is to serve as the doctrinal basis for our cooperation in Great Commission ministry.
We deny that any human statement stands above Holy Scripture as our authority. We also deny that The Baptist Faith and Message is insufficient as the doctrinal basis for our cooperation. Other Baptist Confessions are not to be lenses through which The Baptist Faith and Message is to be read. The Baptist Faith and Message alone is our expression of common belief.
We affirm the responsibility of every Southern Baptist to be a friend to all Southern Baptists, so long as we all stand within The Baptist Faith and Message. We affirm that Southern Baptists must avoid the development of a party spirit amongst us, with friendships and trust extended only to those who are in agreement with us.
We deny that issues related to Calvinism or non-Calvinism should alienate or estrange Southern Baptists from each other. Instead, we will extend to one another the mutual respect befitting the bonds of fellowship that hold us together.
We affirm the responsibility of all Southern Baptists to guard our conversation so that we do not speak untruthfully, irresponsibly, harshly, or unkindly to or about any other Southern Baptist. This negativity is especially prevalent in the use of social media, and we encourage the exercise of much greater care in that context.
We deny that our cooperation can be long sustained if our conversation becomes untruthful, uncharitable, or irresponsible.
We affirm the responsibility and privilege of every Southern Baptist to advocate his or her doctrinal convictions. We affirm that theology should be honored and privileged in our conversations and cooperation. We also affirm that theological and doctrinal debate can be a sign of great health within a denomination that is devoted to truth and is characterized by trust.
We deny that the main purpose of the Southern Baptist Convention is theological debate. We further deny that theological discussion can be healthy if our primary aim is to win an argument, to triumph in a debate, or to draw every denominational meeting into a conversation over conflicted issues. Of more significance to our life together than any allegiance to Calvinism or non-Calvinism should be our shared identity as Southern Baptists.
Most importantly, we affirm together that our testimony to the world must be the message of the Gospel of Jesus Christ—and that Southern Baptists must stand together in the testimony that, while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us. We stand together to declare that salvation comes to all who call upon the name of the Lord, and that God's desire is for the salvation of sinners and the reaching of the nations.
Where do we go from here? We must celebrate the unity we share together in our common Great Commission purpose, while acknowledging and celebrating variety among us. We must clarify the parameters of our cooperation where necessary but stand together without dispute.
We should be thankful that these are the issues Southern Baptists are now discussing, even as liberal denominations are debating the full abdication of biblical morality and allowing the denial of central doctrines. We are, seen in this light, blessed by the discussions that come to Southern Baptists who want to affirm the fullness of the faith, not its reduction.
We should call upon all Southern Baptists to promote the unity we share within The Baptist Faith and Message and, while recognizing that most Southern Baptists will believe and teach more than what that confession contains, we must never believe or teach less.
We should expect all leaders in the Southern Baptist Convention and all entities serving our denomination to affirm, to respect, and to represent all Southern Baptists of good faith and to serve the great unity of our Convention. No entity should be promoting Calvinism or non-Calvinism to the exclusion of the other. Our entities should be places where any Southern Baptist who stands within the boundaries of The Baptist Faith and Message should be welcomed and affirmed as they have opportunities to benefit from, participate in, and provide leadership for those entities.
In order to prevent the rising incidence of theological conflict in the churches, we should expect all candidates for ministry positions in the local church to be fully candid and forthcoming about all matters of faith and doctrine, even as we call upon pulpit and staff search committees to be fully candid and forthcoming about their congregation and its expectations.
We must do all within our power to avoid the development of partisan divisions among Southern Baptists.
We must not only acknowledge but celebrate the distinctive contributions made by the multiple streams of our Southern Baptist heritage. These streams include both Charleston and Sandy Creek, the Reformers and many of the advocates of the Radical Reformation, confessional evangelicalism and passionate revivalism. These streams and their tributaries nourish us still.
We must also remember that labels, though often necessary, are often misleading and unfair. They must be used with care and assigned with charity. The use of the words "Calvinist" and "Calvinism" can be both revealing and misleading, since individuals may hold to any number of variants on doctrinal points. Similarly non-Calvinists, who may resist even that designation, will cover an even larger landscape of positions. Labels like these often fail us.
We must stand together in rejecting any form of hyper-Calvinism that denies the mandate to present the offer of the Gospel to all sinners or that denies the necessity of a human response to the Gospel that involves the human will. Similarly, we must reject any form of Arminianism that elevates the human will above the divine will or that denies that those who come to faith in Christ are kept by the power of God. How do we know that these positions are to be excluded from our midst? Each includes beliefs that directly deny what The Baptist Faith and Message expressly affirms.
We must remember that the diversity we celebrate is already honored in the names we revere—theological statesmen such as James P. Boyce and B. H. Carroll, E. Y. Mullins and W. T. Conner; missionary heroes and martyrs such as Lottie Moon and Bill Wallace; scholars such as A. T. Robertson and Robert Baker, educators such as Lee Scarborough and John Sampey; evangelists and preachers like George W. Truett and W. A. Criswell, R. G. Lee and Adrian Rogers; and pastor-theologians like Herschel Hobbs. Where would we be today if we attempted to divide these heroes and heroines of the faith by the issue of Calvinism? We would cut ourselves off from our own heritage.
We must also remember that a rising young generation of Southern Baptists is watching and listening, looking to see if this denomination is going to be a bold movement of churches on mission or merely a debating society.
Beyond them stands a world desperately in need of the Gospel. Will we distract ourselves in an unnecessary debate while the world is perishing in need of the Gospel?
If we stand together in truth, we can trust one another in truth, even as we experience tension. We can talk like brothers and sisters in Christ, and we can work urgently and eagerly together.
We have learned that we can have just this kind of conversation together, and we invite all Southern Baptists to join together in this worthy spirit of conversation. But let us not neglect the task we are assigned. The world desperately needs to hear the promise of the Gospel.
Respectfully submitted,
The Calvinism Advisory Committee
Watch a discussion with the Calvnism Advisory Committee at the 2013 Southern Baptist Convention:
Calvinism Advisory Group Unanimously Affirms its EC Advisory Report
For several years, Southern Baptists have been asking important questions about our identity and our future. At times we have struggled with trying to grasp the breadth of our doctrinal and historical differences, particularly related to matters such as Calvinism. What has been needed is a new consensus that will help point us toward a new sense of cooperation and renewal for the sake of the Gospel. It is our hope that Truth, Trust, and Testimony in a Time of Tension, while not a perfect statement, will, nevertheless, provide a significant and positive step in that direction. The statement reflects the efforts of many diverse voices who have attempted to speak as one with a sense of convictional civility and Spirit-enabled charity toward and with one another. We pray that these efforts will enable us to serve collaboratively and work faithfully, while offering a joyful and Gospel-focused witness to a lost and needy world.
David S. Dockery, chairman; president, Union University, Jackson, Tennessee
Truth, Trust, and Testimony provides a unified witness across the spectrum of Southern Baptist life that we hold much in common concerning what we believe and how we should live. We do have differences that are significant but they are not so great as to keep us from working side by side and hand in hand to fulfill the Great Commission and reach the nations with the Gospel of Jesus Christ. I believe this statement provides a way forward. It is time to unite behind King Jesus and take up the sword of an inerrant Bible and engage our real enemies of Satan, sin, death, and hell.
Danny Akin, president, Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary, Wake Forest, North Carolina
I affirm the Calvinism Advisory Committee Statement for four reasons: 1) it strikes a good balance as a consensus statement; 2) it stakes out the ground where we can stand together on the issues; 3) it stipulates some of our key theological differences without being polemical; and 4) it steers a good course for continued future discussion.
David Allen, dean, School of Theology, Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, Fort Worth, Texas
Southern Baptists are a doctrinally diverse group who, by God's grace, agree on the essentials of the faith. As this consensus document affirms, we can no longer afford to allow our doctrinal differences to obscure our substantive and vital areas of agreement. It is my prayer that as we move forward we will do so joyfully acknowledging our unity in Christ and humbly engaging areas of doctrinal disagreements while focusing our energies and passion on spreading the glorious Gospel of our crucified and risen Lord to a lost and dying world.
Tom Ascol, pastor, Grace Baptist Church, Cape Coral, Florida
I am happy to support Christians laboring together for the Gospel. I've appreciated the leadership that Frank Page, David Dockery, Eric Hankins, Al Mohler, and others have given on encouraging cooperation for the Gospel in our discussions.
Mark Dever, senior pastor, Capitol Hill Baptist Church, Washington, DC
I affirm this statement, the conversation, and the men and women who participated in this process. May The Lord guide Southern Baptists to pursue biblical truth and the oneness that Jesus prayed for so the world may know Him (John 17:23).
Leo Endel, executive director, Minnesota-Wisconsin Baptist Convention, Rochester, Minnesota
It is an honor to be a member of the Calvinism Advisory Committee and I stand ready and willing to work for the advancement of the Gospel-centered principles outlined in our statement. I fully affirm every aspect of Truth, Trust, and Testimony in a Time of Tension. The statement reflects the kind of biblically informed wisdom needed for such a time as this. May our Lord Jesus Christ be pleased and glorified above all.
Ken Fentress, senior pastor, Montrose Baptist Church, Rockville, Maryland
I am pleased to endorse Truth, Trust, and Testimony in a Time of Tension. It is a very good effort and I trust will contribute to a way forward that honors Jesus Christ. This document is a model of charitable truth-telling among convictional Baptists over issues that have long roiled Bible-believing Christians. May God use this document to move us closer to Christ and closer to one another—to the end that God will be glorified in ever-increasing measure.
Timothy George, dean, Beeson Divinity School of Samford University, Birmingham, Alabama
I am excited and honored to present Southern Baptists with a consensus statement driven by the things we hold so dear: the Word, the Spirit, mission, cooperation, and freedom. I believe it effectively articulates and models the way forward, taking seriously both our theological unity and diversity as a truly positive component of our "one sacred effort."
Eric Hankins, senior pastor, First Baptist Church, Oxford, Mississippi
I am totally satisfied with the fairness of this document, which does a magnificent job of articulating our shared belief. I wholeheartedly add my full support to this document. I am grateful to each person that has worked so hard to help us speak with Christ-honoring clarity.
Johnny Hunt, pastor, First Baptist Church, Woodstock, Georgia
I am totally supportive of the statement. I believe history teaches us there is room for various shades of thought on this topic. I'm praying we will joyfully coexist and the Gospel will go forth in greater power because of our unity!
David Landrith, senior pastor, Long Hollow Baptist Church, Hendersonville, Tennessee
Prior to our first meeting, I sought input from a variety of lay people as to what they felt our focus should be on an obviously hot topic. Top on the list was an appeal for civility—pleading that we simply learn how to engage the issue of Calvinism respectfully and stop the name calling and rude behavior. I was thrilled that so much of our discussion addressed this problem and bore fruit as our respect grew for one another. Secondly, our appeal for honesty regarding doctrinal convictions on the part of candidates interviewing with churches is, in my mind, the key to solving deep divisions that have arisen in churches that feel betrayed. Churches and ministerial candidates must show integrity in the search process as to who they are and what they believe. I pray Southern Baptists will do three things: stop talking so much about that which they have overheard but not personally studied or verified; actually read our report before judging it; and show up in Houston to witness during Crossover block parties where we demonstrate what we claim to be our priority of pleading with sinners to believe in Christ, confessing to others that "our Lord is mighty to save and that He saves to the uttermost."
Tammi Ledbetter, homemaker and journalist; member Inglewood Baptist Church, Grand Prairie, Texas
For Christians to work together cooperatively requires broad doctrinal agreement, although not agreement in every point of detail. This statement underlines the broad areas of doctrine upon which the overwhelming majority of us as Southern Baptists agree. It outlines the basis on which we can continue working together cooperatively and constructively for the cause of Christ.
Steve Lemke, provost and director of the Baptist Center for Theology and Ministry, New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary, New Orleans, Louisiana
As SBC President I want to thank our chief encouraging officer Dr. Frank Page for his efforts in calling together and meeting with the Calvinism Advisory Group. This group had the difficult task of dealing with a subject that many Southern Baptists have very strong opinions about. My personal prayer is that this report will be an example of how believers can come together to impact the Kingdom of God and not personal agendas.
Fred Luter, president of the Southern Baptist Convention; senior pastor, Franklin Avenue Baptist Church, New Orleans, Louisiana
There is little that I will sign in the way of corporate statements. My love for the unity in essentials among Southern Baptists for the purpose of getting the Gospel to every human on earth has wrung my signature on this document from my heart. The most important aspect to me is the provision for honesty and integrity for all. God grant that it be so.
Paige Patterson, president, Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, Fort Worth, Texas
This statement speaks volumes about the ability of all Southern Baptists of good faith and good will to work together eagerly and enthusiastically. As the statement affirms, these tensions have been present within the Southern Baptist Convention from the very beginning of our life and work together. We are people who take theology seriously. But we are also people who take seriously our joy and privilege in working together in service to the Great Commission. We also made a bold statement of support for and agreement in The Baptist Faith and Message. We are a confessional people, gladly affirming together the faith once for all delivered to the saints. I am thankful for every member of this task force and for the privilege of working together in this process and on this historic and timely statement.
R. Albert Mohler Jr., president, Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, Louisville, Kentucky
I enthusiastically affirm the statement of our committee. While it candidly acknowledges differences Southern Baptists have, it's a powerful reminder that we stand together on essential doctrines such as the inerrancy of Scripture, the free offer of salvation through Jesus Christ alone, and the universal sufficiency of Christ's work on the cross. I'm thankful that the statement encourages all Southern Baptists—wherever we may stand with respect to Calvinism—to be gracious and constructive as we serve the Lord together.
Stephen Rummage, senior pastor, Bell Shoals Baptist Church, Brandon, Florida
I am in full agreement with the Truth, Trust, and Testimony document. It is the product of a very candid yet respectful dialogue regarding theological issues, attitudes, and practices. While it is understandable that each side would prefer stronger support for its views, the fact is that this document establishes fair parameters for understanding and collaboration and is unequivocal regarding its affirmation of The Baptist Faith and Message and its commitment to the Great Commission. My prayer is that this document will pave the way for all Southern Baptists to make an even stronger commitment to win North America and the rest of the world for Christ.
Daniel Sanchez, associate dean, professor of missions, and director of the Scarborough Institute of Church Planting & Growth, Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, Fort Worth, Texas
I gratefully and gladly affirm this fine statement because it focuses our unity in the Gospel, in our Baptist heritage, in The Baptist Faith and Message, and in the Great Commission of our Lord Jesus Christ.
Jimmy Scroggins, senior pastor, First Baptist Church, West Palm Beach, Florida


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First of all, we are hoping that you are keeping safe and well and are coping with isolation as well as possible. It's an extremely tough time for everyone and the only hope we have of defeating this awful virus is to follow government guidelines and stay at home. We know that the idea of this might be a blow to some.
Roehampton Sports & Fitness Centre is a hub, not only for fitness and leisure, but also for social activities. Many of you have met friends in the gym hung out with other parents whilst watching the kids play football and made a good circle of friends from fitness classes and more. We wanted to assure you that we are still very much present on social media.
Many of you follow us on Facebook we will be posting updates as and when we have them, sharing good news stories and helpful information for the local community and posting at home workouts to keep you as active as possible.
We would love you to tag us in your home workouts and activities, show us how you and the family are keeping active and in contact and share tips on how to keep positive and upbeat at such an uncertain and unsettling time.
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