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A general view of the city with the bridge over the Koropiec River |
Our city of Podhajce was situated in a beautiful area. A mountain covered with forests and groves towered over it with it being in the valley. Thus did it get its name Podgiatz the city that is at the foot of the grove.
In the valley at the foot of the mountain there is a pond shaped like a narrow strip that extends for several kilometers until Bialokrynica that is on the way to the town of Zlotniki. The Koropiec River also flows through the valley.
The soil of the city and the area is reddish black and fertile. It yields a bountiful supply of grains wheat, corn, barley, oats, etc. The fruit trees in the city and the environs provide tasty, sweet fruit for the populace apples, pears, plums, cherries, etc. The children would pluck these fruits for their pleasure, and they would often return home with stains on their mouths and hands from these fruits.
From the market square in the center of the city, one road leads to the train station. Its length is approximately two kilometers, and it is decorated on both sides by trees, some old and others planted in our days. It passed by the Christian cemetery and continued on through fields, until the train station. The train from Lvov, which passed through Potutory and Berezany to Premishlan, and then returned to Lvov, passed by twice a day.
Connection between the city and the train station was maintained by the wagon drivers of the city. In the summer, wagons hitched to two horses served this purpose, and in the winter, they used special sleds called Zalobnies, which were furnished with furs to cover the legs of the traveler. More than once, during the harsh days of winter, a snowstorm hit, and piled up mounds of snow on the route to the train. The sleds passed over them with difficulty, swaying from side to side. The wagon drivers in their tall fur hats looked like Cossacks, who appeared to us as figures from the imagination during our childhood, without any attachment to reality. They held long whips in their hands to whip and urge on the horses. However, in general, they would whip the air, for the well fed horses did not require any urging, and performed their job faithfully, without waiting for the whip to strike their backs.
For many years, peaceful and calm relations, and even relations of friendship and brotherhood, pervaded among the three segments of the population, among the three nations that belonged to three different religions: Jews, Roman Catholics and Greek Catholics. To serve them, there were three types of houses of prayer in our city: an old synagogue that was erected, it is told , in the days of King Jan Sobieski, the Roman Catholic church for the Poles, and the Greek Catholic church for the Ukrainians, who were called by the Jews by the general term goyim.
A small Polish house of prayer (Kaplica) stood over the valley. It was erected in memory of the battle against the Tatars in the year 1667, in which King Sobieski attained his first acclaim as an army captain. From there, a splendid panoramic view of the city of Podhajce, the suburb of Zahaica, the pond and the river flowing through the valley spread out before the viewer.
There was a flourmill in the area between the pond and the river. Close to it there was a sawmill called Tartak in the vernacular. An electric generator, which provided electricity for the populace, was established there a few years before the outbreak of the Second World War. The Roman Catholic Church and the public school were also located in that area.
There were no industrial enterprises in our city. The only tall chimney in the city was that of the monastery. Twice a day, at 6:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m., a prolonged siren was heard throughout the city, that proclaimed the beginning and end of the workday in the sawmill.
As in all the cities of Galicia, the majority of the Jewish residents were small scale merchants or craftsmen. In the latter years, the percentage of those professing academic professions, primarily doctors and lawyers, increased significantly. A certain portion of the residents
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earned their livelihood from growing fruit trees and selling their fruit. Indeed, many residents had fruit orchards and vegetable gardens next to their houses, not for earning a livelihood.
The monastery |
One of the most widespread and beloved crops in our area was corn. The stalks would reach to the height of a person, or even more. Cooked or roasted kernels of corn were a treat for the children. I can still taste the taste of the corn that I enjoyed in abundance during my childhood. It tasted like almonds or edible chestnuts, which did not grow in our area.
Autumn would come a short time after the ripening of the corn. Piles and piles of golden ears of corn would be placed out to dry on the rooftops. Only the stocks with their broad leaves remained standing in the fields and the gardens, waving to and fro in the autumn wind and making a sound that could be heard from afar.
My grandfather Hirsch Leib Horowitz of blessed memory, also loved nature, and enjoyed tending to his garden. As if in a dream, I remember him from my childhood, as he was hoeing the furrows and planting various vegetables, or grafting apple trees. This labor was not for his livelihood, for he was well-to-do. He did this only for enjoyment, and he did it willingly and enthusiastically.
A deep depression fell during the 1930s, which marked the end of the peaceful and serene life of the Jews of our city of Podhajce. Suddenly, unemployment increased, there was a shortage of cash, and there was a slowdown in all branches of business and trade. The youth saw no way to get themselves set up in life. The number of youths who wished to immigrate, to make aliya to the Land of Israel or to immigrate to other countries, increased daily. However, this too was fraught with difficulties, and only few were able to overcome them.
Hitler came to power in 1933. A dark wave of coarse, ominous anti-Semitism overtook Germany, and its influence was felt throughout Europe, and came to our town. At first, people refused to believe that this nonsensical talk would find an attentive ear in society, especially in such a cultured land as Germany. However, the reality was more ominous. Thus arrived the year 1939, the year of the outbreak of the Second World War, and later the years 1942-1944, the years of the Holocaust and destruction for the Jews of Europe.
Difficult battles took place on the banks of the Volga and the foothills of the Kavkaz Mountains. On the main routes, on trains and on the roads, army battalions, implements of war and armaments streamed eastward to the front, to the interior of vast Russia. The travelers had the following motto: The wheels are turning to victory
On the return trip westward, broken airplanes and broken people, thousands and tens of thousands of wounded made their way back. This was aside from those who fell in battle and whose burial place was in the soil of Russia.
However, the area of Podhajce was not on the main route, but rather on the side routes, and during the first months, calm prevailed more so than would be expected during such times. Hundreds of people were absent from the city. Some of them went to Russia with the retreat of the Russians, and others were enlisted to work by the Germans. There were also a few who joined the partisans.
Once again the golden days of autumn arrived, when nature scatters its beautiful treasures with a wide open hand and a generous spirit. Leaves turned yellow in the gardens under the partly cloudy autumn skies, and the dried out leaves of the cornstalks made their sounds. The days were still warm, but the nights were cool. People began to worry about winter, which seemed to be a harbinger to war, poverty, cold and hunger
Thus did the Days of Awe Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur approach. The small amount of news that came from the far off front indicated that the conquests of the German Army stopped going according to plan, and that they were not succeeding in conquering the fortified cities that stood in their way. Hitler promised for the thousandth time that he succeeded in pulverizing the bones of the Russian army, but the situation was such,
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as if out of spite, that the bones of the Germans and their allies were being pulverized more and more. The retreat and defeat of the Germans was becoming more and more real.
In the meantime, the city was closed off. It was a besieged city surrounded by the enemy. Jews were forbidden to leave the city, and nobody knew what each day would bring. The Hitlerist newspapers were filled with provocations and threats, and the atmosphere of a pogrom was hanging over the world.
Finally the angels of destruction, the men of the S.S. and Gestapo in their black uniform with the symbol of death the skull of death sewn to their hats, arrived. They arrived on the Eve of Yom Kippur, knowing clearly that the day was holy to the Jews, and that they would be all in the synagogues, or would have gathered in their homes for prayer. Aside from this there was no place for anyone to escape.
The city was surrounding by the S.S. men and the militiamen. They began to remove the Jews from their homes and sending them to the train station. In the process, they mercilessly beat the Jews with whips, sticks, and the butts of their guns. Only to hurry them on as much as possible! Only to confuse and degrade the people so that they would have no thought of flight or resistance.
My grandfather Hirsch Leib Horowitz took heed of the sounds of weeping and screaming that came from the Market Square of the city, and fled to the garden. However, where was there to hide? Aside from the few trees and patches of grass, there was one small area where the cornstalks still stood crowded together, where one could hide without being noticed.
However, the Nazi beasts of prey did not come alone. They brought their dogs to help. They broke into the house and removed Grandmother Ethel. When they saw that her husband was not in the house, they hurried into the garden. The dogs immediately noticed the man hidden among the cornstalks, and grandfather was removed from his hiding place and dragged to the train station under a rain of blows. There stood the death cars, which brought the Jews on their final journey to the Belzec death camp.
The clear autumn sun looked down from above and continued along its path of ages. The branches of the trees rustled in the abandoned gardens, and quietly dropped their leaves
In the imagination of a Podhajce native, the name Shil Gasse (The Street of the Synagogue) brings to mind three ideas: the social stream, the external-architectural stream, and the cultural stream.
From a social perspective, this was the neighborhood of the poorest Jews of the town, the neighborhood of the porters, water drawers and simple craftsmen. Their huts, made out of poor material, stood in rows, with a narrow alley separating one row from another. Often, only a mutual wall separated them.
Only one house stood out in the neighborhood, the house that had an attic and a porch the house of Avramche Walden (Avramche the teacher). The neighborhood was called Shil Gasse because most of the synagogues of the city were located there, headed by the central synagogue Di Groise Shil a name that it received because it was one of the largest and most impressive buildings in the city, both in height and in area. On the Jewish street, the synagogue served as a unit of measure of size and height. People would say: as high as the synagogue, as large as the synagogue. We children would compete and say: Shloimo shot the slingshot to the height of the synagogue, Yankel shot a stone up to the roof of the synagogue. It was said that a monastery used to be located in that building, and one of the heirs of the noblemen of Podhajce gave it as a gift to the Jews in the 17th century (?)[1] in order to serve as a synagogue. In the years between the world wars, when the Zionists conquered the government of the communities, the Great Synagogue began to serve as a meeting place and gathering place for all the Jews of the city. There, we celebrated the national days of remembrance, the anniversary of the Balfour Declaration, the Yahrzeit of the leader of the Zionist movement and visionary of the Jewish State Binyamin Zeev Herzl, the yahrzeit of our national poet Ch. N. Bialik, etc. At the time that such celebrations or memorials took place, most of the Jews of the city would close their businesses, don their festive clothes, and stream to the synagogue in order to listen to the speakers and lecturers. There as well, prayers were conducted on days of national i.e. Austrian or Polish celebration, with the participation of delegates of the government and Jewish population. In the two wings of the house near the church there were two small synagogues, that of the bakers and that of the tailors. However, the community of worshippers was mixed, and included no small number of merchants.
Opposite the Great Synagogue was the old synagogue called the City Beis Midrash. During all hours of the day, until late into the night, the building was filled with Jews studying Torah, and on
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the benches near the giant oven, the loafers or wandering Jews would doze. At the approach of the festivals, particularly Passover, when they whitewashed and conducted repairs in the house of the teacher, the cheder would transfer to the Beis Midrash for two weeks. The prayer halls of the Hassidim of Chortkov and Belz were located on either side of the lobby of that building.
The Great Synagogue |
To the east of Great Synagogue were two small synagogues opposed each other. In one of the them, the Hassidim of the Husyatiner Rebbe worshipped and it was called the Husyatiner Kloiz. A bit lower down was the synagogue of Yad Charutzim. Two well-known cantors served in these two synagogues. Both differed in their style of prayer and in the melodies that they used for various segments of prayer. They placed their stamp on the prayers and each gave a different and unique meaning to their prayers.
On the High Holy Days, people came to the Husyatiner Kloiz from all parts of the city to hear the prayers and sweet voice of Getzel Perel, who would conduct prayers with the accompaniment of his son Eliezer, who today lives in Safed. In the Yad Charutzim Synagogue, known as the Temple, the prayers of Aharon Shmuel Ettinger inspired the hearts of the worshipper. He is the father of Menachem Ettinger, the chairman of our organization in Israel.
The synagogue known as the Baron Hirsch Synagogue was located in the northern section of the city. The cheder of Baruch the teacher was in that neighborhood. There, the level of learning was similar to that of the cheder of Reb Davidl. As a result of this proximity, the students of Baruch the teacher ruled over the Baron Hirsch Synagogue.
In the quarter in which the fortress was located, on the street known as the Schlossgasse, stood an old synagogue constructed out of hewn stones. It was known as the Schlossgasse Shil the Synagogue of the Street of the Fortress.
Near the Christian neighborhood, almost at the edge of the neighborhood, stood a synagogue colored in bright bronze-like brown, which was called the Synagogue of the Furriers. It was of beautiful form. Its walls were decorated with Biblical themes. The internal furnishings of the synagogue were also unique.
During the time of Soviet occupation, from 1939-1941, several of the smaller synagogues were converted to workshops. This included the Yad Charutzim Synagogue, which was turned into a shoemaking shop in which Jewish and gentiles shoemakers worked.
We will return to the neighborhood of the synagogue, the Shil Gasse. All of the cheders were located in that area, and the sounds of the studying of schoolchildren could be heard at all hours of the day. Four year old children would come there to commence their study of the Aleph Beit with Avramche the teacher, and they would reach the second level of Chumash.
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In this cheder, the Jewish child made his first acquaintance with the printed word and the world of scripture. Only few children in the city did not pass through this passageway on their route to more advanced studies. Here the children studied in comfort, under the supervision of good people: Avramche the teacher and his wife Frieda were good hearted people with warm souls. They had bright faces, and took care of guests.
At times, the Rebbe would wave the tail-stick (kanczuk blez) with the intention of quieting the chattering crowd. However, he would always hit the table top, as if by chance. This would cause joyful chatter and increasing laughter. Then, the face of the teacher would brighten up again.
The second level of study of Holy Scriptures took place in the cheder of Shmil-Leib (Shmuel Leib). There, we studied all of the weekly Torah portions in Chumash, and we became familiar with the cryptic script of Rashi. We were awed by the stories of might in the Former Prophets[2]. This was called the study of verses. The crowning goal of our studies was the study of several tractates of Gemara: Bava Metzia and Bava Batra.
We commenced our high level Bible studies with Reb Dovidl. A completely different atmosphere prevailed there. There we reached majority, and reached the age of commandments. There, our eyes were opened to the world that revolved around us. There we began to debate issues of our world. There as well, at the end of our Talmudic studies, we separated our ways and became Maskilim or Yeshiva students. However the memory of the crowded room in which we ripened and matured, the memory of the visage of our rabbi (the nickname Rabbeinu had for us at this point a different meaning) was etched deeply in the hearts and spirit of his students. It was a full patriarchal image, full of life, but bent with age; eyelashes covered with red, and sickly eyes hidden beneath thick eyebrows; a high forehead and a large, bald head, covered with a skullcap that miraculously did not fall off the forehead; a wide, white beard which always showed signs of aromatic tobacco, which he would carry in a horn shaped vessel that he made with his own hands. He would also make the tobacco with his own hands. This work seemed like alchemy from the middle ages. He would grind the tobacco in a grinder, filter it through a special filter, and add some sort of liquid, apparently for color and aroma. He would conduct this process diligently and with concentration, as if he was preparing incense for a mysterious service in the Temple.
Reb Dovidl was graced with deep knowledge of Talmud. Above all, the power of religious ecstasy that exuded from his personality could be felt. Some sort of secret beamed out from him a secret that was hidden not only in the pages of the Book of the Zohar[3], that he carefully hid and concealed from us. However, he would talk about this secret that was beyond grasp, of this world and the World To Come, in his prophetic language, with parables and visions, as we would accompany him to the old Beis Midrash behind the gentile neighborhood at the time of sunset. During the difficult and cruel years of the Second World War, in any place that we found ourselves by force of fate, in the wide expanses of the Soviet Union, during the days of blood and nights of terror of the Nazi occupation, in the lands of the west of Mandate Palestine in all of these places, those visions of the time preceding the End of Days jumped and flickered about, at the time of tribulations created by the world and man.
In his prayers, Reb Dovidl requested that he would merit in passing from this world before the evil comes. Indeed, he died at an old age, approximately 90 years old, during the terrible cholera epidemic that broke out at the end of the First World War.
The people of Podhajce tie a secret to his death no less wondrous than that of his life and personality. To greet death, he would say, One must prepare as if greeting a great festival, with nobility and an exalted spirit. Thus did he do. As he lay convulsing on his sickbed, he ordered his household to prepare everything, without forgetting his small volume of the Zohar, which was suddenly found under his pillow. This was wondrous, for the members of the household claimed that nobody gave it to the old man, and he himself did not arise from his bed. In his final moments of suffering before his death, when consciousness returned to him and his thoughts became clear, he asked that they place a key in his grave. He asked to look at the key, and he studied it for some time
His funeral was the largest one in the city in those days. They placed the key in his grave, as he commanded, in order to lock up the hungry mouth of the ground from the victims of the cholera epidemic. Indeed, after this, the mortality rate of those who were ill decreased. People then would say that when Reb Dovidl went down to the grave, he locked up the mouth of the ground from further victims of the terrible epidemic. The great friend of the youth died. Their distinguished teacher went on his way. A man whose entire life was without blemish passed away; a righteous man went down to his grave.
May these lines of memories of one of his many students serve as a monument to his memory, after the monument on his grave was removed from its place in the Jewish cemetery of Podhajce by the hands of the barbarians in order to serve as the foundation stone of the house of some gentile, or a stone on the sidewalk in a gentile neighborhood. We, his students, hereby erect for him a memorial in the book, in our independent country the State of Israel.
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for verification.
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Updated 22 Mar 2007 by LA


text:
This mindset is compelling because it is simple and familiar, but it also leads to blind obsequiousness.
Historical edifices are held as indelible fact. "It's Microsoft v. Apple all over again." "There has to be one absolute, dominant leader." "Open will always prevail — and should prevail — over proprietary systems." "Market share matters above all else. Even profits."
…it helps to see the continuum of connected devices from the perspective of their means of mobility; namely, whether they are wear-able, pocket-able, bag-able or portable.
[Apple] target specific user experiences, and build the product around that accordingly.
via Apple's segmentation strategy, and the folly of conventional wisdom – O'Reilly Radar.
Lots of concepts that readers of this blog should find familiar ground.

subset: commoncrawl


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News and Announcements
Rules information session (Zoom)
You are invited to an information session next Wednesday July 8 regarding the new rules of field hockey that were implemented at the beginning of last year. We are having this information session to ensure all members, players, coaches, officials or managers understand the new rules and how they will be officiated when we next get the opportunity to return to the field and play the game we love. This information session will be led by Tyler Klenk and Lelia Sacre, both are currently FIH rated umpires that have been involved with Field Hockey BC for a number of years. Please see below for the link to join the webinar.
When: Jul 8, 2020 07:00 PM Vancouver
Topic: Umpires Information Session for players, coaches, officials … everyone!
Please click the link below to join the webinar:
Password: 019481
Questions: e-mail Ben Harvey at email@example.com
Covid 19 and Season's End
Dear League Reps and all,
Unfortunately due to the latest update regarding the COVID-19 virus the men's league season will be cut short. Field Hockey BC is directing all members and affiliated clubs and associations to suspend all sanctioned field hockey activities in the province until further notice. As a result, there will be no playoffs played this season. If you have any questions or concerns please email at firstname.lastname@example.com.
FUNdamentals Coaching Clinic
The Victoria Junior Field Hockey Association will be hosting Field Hockey BC's Fundamentals Coaching Course in March.
This course is intended for coaches that:
- are working with under 12 age groups;
- are themselves an under 18 player who has an interest in coaching in the Junior League; or
- a parent volunteer who are new to coaching and to the game of field hockey.
Course Details:
It is mandatory to attend both sessions.
Wednesday March 4 – McKinnon Building Room 150 from 6 to 9 pm
Sunday March 8 – UVIC Turf #3 from 2 to 5 pm
The Victoria Junior Field Hockey Association encourages Junior League Coaches who have no or minimal coach training to take this course. There is no cost to attend.
The course is 6 hours in length split up into 3 hours each of theory and practical learning. You will learn the basics of of how to deliver safe, fun and effective practice sessions, how to incorporate fundamental movement skills and review field hockey fundamental skills and tactics from facilitators who have coached in the junior league and helped design the practice sessions for the junior league.
The course will be facilitated by certified learning facilitators Ali Baggott and Milena Gaiga.
Deadline to register is Monday, February 24, 2020.
If you have any questions please contact Milena Gaiga at firstname.lastname@example.com.
JR League Coaches Needed
The Victoria Junior League season is around the corner (April 18 – June 20, 2020). We would like to encourage all adult league participants to consider volunteering their time to coach. No experience is necessary. Coaches will be paired with experienced coaches, if necessary. In addition, print out practice plans for each week and a master coach is there to help you out.
"The best way to learn is to teach."
Please look at the schedule and consider volunteering your time. You can request to coach with a friend and if you are away for a few weeks, just let the master coach know and we will help find replacements.
SIGN UP NOW: https://teampages.com/forms/22246-2020-Junior-League-Coach-Sign-Up-
View schedule by age group / practice day and time:
FHBC AGM Feb. 10
The upcoming Field Hockey BC Annual General meeting will have a lot of items on the agenda that will be important to the state and future of field hockey in Victoria. As a collective, it is important that members in the Cowichan and Victoria men's and women's league as well as voting members such as coaches, officials, etc. take part in the upcoming votes. Though we don't expect everyone to attend the meeting we are collecting proxy votes to be submitted to Field Hockey BC before Feb. 3, 2020.
This means that each player should let their designated team rep or club rep know if they are okay (or not) with their names being used by a representative to vote on their behalf. Once the names are submitted we will also circulate information around 'our' as in Vancouver Island's best recommendations on what directions we would like to see the motions and elections move in. This will be a challenging conversation but we are open to having the reps that will carry proxy votes meet in person.
Monday Feb. 10, 2020 at 6:30 pm
Room 155 at McKinnon Gym (UVic)
In the immediate future, please get your names to your team/club reps who will forward lists to Ali Baggott. Ali will coordinate all the proxy votes going in. Club and team reps are expected to support in finding a person to be either on the phone call carrying 35 votes (plus their own) or doing the same in person (either in Victoria or going to the meeting itself in Vancouver). Proxy names must be submitted by Feb. 3 if we want to have a right to vote via phone.
Just as in any large election, every vote matters, and even if things do not go in our favour, we will know that every voice in Vancouver Island at least participated in their say. This is a really important time for us to take part in the conversation. Please don't think your vote does not matter.
A reminder that voting members include:
a) Senior Player
b) Junior Player (under 13 and under 18 as of January 1 of the playing season)
c) Associate members (non-playing, non-officiating, non-coaching members that have a FHBC voting membership)
If you have any questions or concerns, please contact Ali at 250-418-5633 or email@example.com
Conference call detail is as follows:
Dial: 1-888-289-4573
Access Code: 7864046#


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Some exciting news via e-mail today from our old virtual pal Joseph Waters, godfather of NWEAMO (the New West Electro-Acoustic Music Organization). The NWEAMO Festival is coming to New York on Friday, October 6 and Saturday, October 7 with a program called Pulse: the Influence of Africa — NWEAMO-SoHo 2006 International Festival of Electro-Acoustic Music, which will feature cross-genre works that investigate the influence of Africa on classical music.
The NWEAMO Festival began in Portland, Oregon eight years ago and has since spread to San Diego, Mexico City, Venice (Italy) and now New York.
Each year NWEAMO proposes a theme to composers around the world, and invites them to submit their take on it. The NWEAMO board takes this as a starting point, and the original theme grows and evolves to become a unique event, that could not have been predicted at the onset.
"This is what makes the festival so fun, despite the months of hard work it takes to bring it off — we really do not know what we will end up with and it is this sense of adventure that keeps us coming back to do this again each year," Waters says.
The influence of Africa on the development of classical music is the core topic of this year's cross-genre, cross-continent, cross-equatorial celebration. Each night has a different feature and each is unique.
Both New York performances will be at The Apple Store in SoHo at 103 Prince Street. The October 6 program, which begins at 7 pm, features works by Luke Dubois, Dennis Miller, Centrozoon, Brian Knoth and Lukas Ligeti with guest artist Mai Lingani. This year's festival is dedicated to Lukas' father.
The October 7 program begins at 6 pm and includes works by Noah Keesecker, Paula Mathusen, Brad Decker, Meg Schedel/Alison Rootberg, Greg Beyer, Michael Theodore/ Tim Eriksen and SWARMIUS.
NWEAMO says its mission is to forge connections between the composers, performers and lovers of avant garde classical music and the DJs, MCs, guitar-gods, troubadours and gourmets of experimental popular music.
"When there is no connection, both suffer," Waters says. "When classical music does not connect with popular culture, it becomes a music of experts, unable to reflect and contribute meaningfully in the broad marketplace of developing ideas and cultural experimentation. When popular music has no connection and communication with the classical it becomes naive and superficial, untethered to its historical roots and broad cultural underpinnings. A healthy cultural milieu celebrates both."
Sounds suspiciously like one of those perfect made-up quotes that you see in press releases. Better than most, though.


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Rabbi Yisroel Dovid Weiss, a spokesman for Neturei Karta International, Jews United Against Zionism, stated at a recent meeting: "Philanthropists and University representatives should be apprised of the reality that supporting Zionism and the State of 'Israel' does not help Jews or Judaism, but on the contrary, only helps to perpetuate the tragic impasse and constant bloodshed in the Middle East."
He further explained: "History clearly attests to the fact that the Jewish existence in all Muslim countries was mostly harmonious and only since the inception of Zionism has this relationship been destroyed". "Remove the intimidation and hyperbole of Zionist public relations groups and their ilk, and any logical person will conclude that the difference of religion is not the cause of the deep seated rift between Jews and Arabs. The new ideology, the political movement of Zionism, which culminated in the form of the State of 'Israel', is the real culprit. In fact, Zionism is the direct cause for the exacerbation of anti-Semitism universally."
"Not supporting the State of 'Israel' does not make one, in any way, less of a friend of the Jewish people and most certainly does not label one an anti-Semite."
The Rabbi further stated: "The Jewish principles of exile may be a shock and a complete surprise to the well-meaning friends and supporters of the Jewish people, but facts cannot be disputed. The Torah explicitly forbids us, the Jewish nation, from having our own State in this Heavenly decreed exile."
"The creation of the State of 'Israel' has brought about a litany of evils, includes the deportation, subjugation, and oppression of the Palestinian people, destroying their homes, fields, olive orchards etc., the oppression of the Jewish Orthodox communities and the total disregard for all Jewish law."
"Rabbis, Orthodox Jewish leaders and laymen, have been fighting Zionism continuously since its inception up until the present day. True Torah Jews will never accept Zionism and the State of 'Israel'."
May we merit to see, soon in our days, the peaceful and speedy dismantlement of the State of 'Israel', and the fulfillment of Isaiah's prophesies "And they will beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks. No nation will lift its sword against any other, nor will they learn warfare anymore." Let the sun rise to a day, when all humanity will serve the Almighty in peace and harmony. AMEN
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There is no fee to attend Rock the Block. Any individual who wishes to purchase alcoholic beverage tickets at the event, must first produce a photo ID demonstrating 21+ and wear a free wristband identifying your age has been confirmed. Prices for adult beverages vary; $4 for domestic beer and $6 for craft beer, specialty drinks and wine. Prices vary per food vendor. For updated information on adult beverage selections and food vendors present at the fest, please visit lakezurich.org.
Show All Answers
Annually we see approximately 7,000 people.
Yes. Rock the Block is geared more towards adult activities, but all ages are welcome to attend. There is a community playground at Lions Park for youth to use.
Backpacks, bags, purses, gym bags, food etc. can be brought onto the Rock the Block grounds. No outside alcoholic beverages are allowed into the event. If alcoholic beverages are brought onto the grounds, the Lake Zurich Police Department will confiscate it or ask you to dispose of it immediately.
We have two locations on the Rock the Block grounds with porta-potties including handicap options and sinks.
There is a Rock the Block sub-task force that meets throughout the year that assists the Village with event operations. The task force reviews all survey feedback (annually surveys vendors, volunteers and community), assists with the booking of food vendors and event promotions and choses the entertainment at the Rock the Block event each year. The task force reviews bands based on emailed submissions and does make a point to see bands perform live prior to booking them for Rock the Block. You can find further information on the event including the bands by visiting lakezurich.org. If you perform or represent a band and would like them to be on the list that Rock the Block sub-task force reviews, please email information to email@example.com. Please note that the sub-task force does selects bands for the following year within 60 days after the current event, so get your submissions in early.
Rock the Block showcases a wide variety of food vendors ranging from local Lake Zurich establishments to food trucks. Since space at our event is limited, local restaurants/food vendors and returning vendors are given a priority registration period to participate in the event. After the priority period, the Rock the Block sub task force is responsible for identifying potential new vendors that may be a good fit. Please be aware that the sub-task force does encourage local participation, but we are also mindful that not all restaurants have the capacity and resources to be mobile at our event (off-site equipment, additional staff, etc.).
The event is rain or shine! Come dressed to rock!
All sales are final; refunds are not available.
There are no ATMs at Rock the Block. Rock the Block does accept both debit and credit cards for wristbands/beverage tickets; however, this feature is not always accepted by every food vendor so we encourage you to also bring cash. There are a couple ATMs available within walking distance of downtown at Mo's Liquor and Scoreboards Bar & Grill but you may want to call to make sure they are in service.
Volunteers are the backbone of our Rock the Block event! We have volunteer opportunities for everything from set-up, event operations (beverage server, ticketing, kids activities, volunteer check-in, etc.) to clean-up. Please visit lakezurich.org for further information on volunteer opportunities and to sign up electronically.
If you have any questions about Rock the Block in general, please contact the Village of Lake Zurich Park & Recreation Department at 847-438-5146 for assistance. We will do our best to return all messages in a timely manner.


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Even before the downturn, the prospects for growth in America's industrial heartland were grim. Now, with the troubles faced by the auto industry and its numerous offshoots, you might think that a CFO for a packaging and machine-parts manufacturer in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan — about 20 miles from the meltdown's epicenter in Detroit — might be reserved in his optimism. But that would be before you met Mark Zeffiro, the finance chief of TriMas Corp.
After nearly 15 years at General Electric and 4 years at Black & Decker, Zeffiro came to TriMas in June 2008 fully steeped in Six Sigma and raring to make the diversified holding company more efficient. What he found was a company with five businesses running pretty much on their own steam under a loose holding-company structure. It includes an aerospace and defense unit that Zeffiro has come to regard as a prime growth engine; its Cequent segment, a complex maker of various transportation that took in 42% of the company's 2008 revenue, which the finance chief thinks of as a "cash cow"; and energy, packaging, and engineered-components units.
Along with the other top executives, Zeffiro set about changing the company from a holding-company mentality to an operating-company mind set. That has meant instituting a paint-by-the-numbers compensation system that rewards the wringing out of material costs; quarterly rolling forecasts that enable the company to quickly decide which projects to scrap and which to invest in; and looking at five metrics — cash, inventory, orders, sales, and production — from each of the businesses every day.
As part of the effort, the company has stripped out a layer of management, according to the CFO. All the divisional finance officers now report directly to Zeffiro, who's in the midst of reducing the U.S. component of his 150-person finance staff to accommodate the addition of 30 to 35 employees in India. The delayering of management has driven him and company chief executive David Wathen to talk with each one of the company's divisions "with intensity" — a phrase that Zeffiro uses a lot to refer to the effort the company is making to focus on operational speed and lowering its cost in order to compete in a tough economic environment.
"What we have to do is to drive operating principles and efficiencies and productivity in those businesses that have been the mainstay of most of Corporate America for many years."
— TriMas CFO Mark Zeffiro
On the cost front, the finance chief says, the company is on pace to meet the goal of its "profit-improvement plan" and save $30 million in 2009. That has involved looking under many rocks for excess costs and included such actions as changing the company's listing from the New York Stock Exchange to Nasdaq, lengthening its payment terms, and gently reminding its customers if their bills are overdue.
Much of the cutting, however, has involved payroll. In terms of layoffs, the toll has been "pretty drastic," Zeffiro acknowledges. Overall, the company has laid off about 20% of its workforce in the past five months. Further, TriMas has invoked a hiring freeze on salaried employees, merit-pay deferrals, and mandatory four-day work weeks, and required weeks off without pay.
Zeffiro met with CFO's Karlo Bustos, Sarah Johnson, Marie Leone, and David Katz in New York on September 10. That was the day after President Obama's speech to Congress on health-care reform, which Zeffiro discussed along with his views on cash dynamics, operating efficiency, and other matters. An edited version of the interview follows.
Your company is headquartered in Michigan, one of the states hardest hit by the economic downturn. How do conditions look on the ground?
I'll tell you, Michigan has had a tough road of it. It's interesting, though, as you travel around and you spend time talking with investors or with people who have just been reading the news, you'd think that most of the state was out on the street with tin cups. That's a bit extreme.
But isn't the grim picture largely accurate?
It actually isn't. You see certain segments that are actually doing pretty well. [General Electric chief executive] Jeff Immelt was up there a month or so ago and launched an 1,100-person technology center for research and development. There are also the video and film industries. And our state is surrounded by fresh water, and freshwater technology is taking huge steps forward in Michigan. Of course, if you put it all in the context of the Big Three [automakers] and all the layoffs, it's not what it was 15 years ago, with 300,000 professionals in the immediate area. There's been an impact, no doubt, but not as drastic as one would otherwise expect.
So there are white-collar opportunities in Michigan, including good prospects for CFOs?
Well, good prospects for CFOs who are not from the auto industry. One thing I've learned from having interviewed certain folks from those industries for possible roles within TriMas is that they operated differently. There was a lot of heritage and legacy as to how they actually ran their companies. And quite frankly, it wasn't as efficient as the enterprises that I grew up in, like GE and Black & Decker.
The Detroit News and other media outlets have reported that Ray Young, the current CFO of General Motors, may be on the way out. Young came up through the ranks during a 27-year career with the automaker. That seems to underline your point.
Exactly. If you're talking about reengineering or transforming a company, can you do it with the same guys who have been running the company or been in the ranks for 30 years? On the other hand, those are pretty complex organizations. So you need somebody that's capable of understanding the nuances that are privy to GM, Ford, and Chrysler.
TriMas has a strong involvement in the smokestack industries. The outlook hasn't been very good in that sector for years, and seems bleaker in the context of the current downturn. What's your path to success?
We play in focused market spaces, where we have products that are important to our customers. But you're right. Those industrial segments are ones that are under pressure in the recession at large. I'd say this, though: our cash-flow dynamics and our product innovation and, ultimately, our technological advantage have given us a real opportunity to compete. What we have to do is to drive operating principles and efficiencies and productivity in those businesses that have been the mainstay of most of Corporate America for many years.
This is the dawn of a new intensity for the company whereby we put very simple and direct measures in place in terms of material-cost productivity. The way we win is by being a cost-effective and low total-cost provider. We compete on service and we compete on speed.
What's a specific example of how you're applying that intensity?
For example, we don't want our heavy-industry Cequent business to be a high-growth business — it's too capital intensive. But we do want to be high growth in the aerospace fastener applications. So we've deployed capital accordingly.
Describe your focus on material-cost productivity.
Material-cost productivity involves designing materials and changing how they are utilized. For example, you may have metal medical applications that could be plastic. Or you have plastic that could be metal. It's about finding the most cost-effective way to use that actual product itself.
We manage our business on other metrics than material margins, of course. But it's one of the things we keep in front of everyone so they can see that productivity over time as the material margin climbs.
Are your line managers, operations people, and sales force compensated for meeting certain productivity targets?
In terms of the incentives, we have five major metrics: sales and operating, inventory turnover, cash flow, new product introduction, and personal objectives. The personal objectives are tied to the strategic plan, which has specific productivity targets; that's an annual discussion. We know where they are every quarter. The [production] line leader has a subset of those responsibilities. A line leader is not necessarily going to care about sales and operating income, but will be very interested in inventory turnover and new product introduction.
How is the change from a holding-company to an operating-company mentality working out, especially during the recession?
I hate to say it this way, but maybe the recession has actually been a good thing. It's not a good thing in terms of the people and the families that have been affected. The point is that it's given us the impetus for rapid change. So when you think about operating-company versus holding-company management, we're not managing each individual unit as things unto themselves, but requiring them to share information across the organization.
We started with a strategic plan whereby we picked how we wanted the businesses to play. It's OK to be a cash cow. It's OK as long as we're declaring that you're a cash cow and we're measuring you accordingly and we're compensating you well in that environment. And it's OK to be a star. But the measure of the success is different.
How do you look at a cash cow versus how you look at a star?
It goes back to the vision of the corporation. We want to be an engineered, applied-technology business. For example, the Cequent business is more of an old smokestack industry kind of business. It's fairly capital intensive, and that's not who we are. It competes on brands, not necessarily just technology. The vision of the company has been to deploy cash differently. We can get higher capital returns in an aerospace business than we can in a smokestack business.
What it does mean is that I want [Cequent's managers] to run it for material productivity. I want them to run efficiently from a working capital perspective and to be effective in generating good cash flow out of the business. Whereas in the aerospace business, it might be a situation in which I say: I want you to go get bolt-on acquisitions. And I'm willing to put money on the table because I know that I'll get requisite returns. So it's a matter of prioritizing how you're going to deal with those businesses.
Was the switch from a holding company to an operating company a legal or organizational change?
There was no need to change the legal structure of the company; this was an organizational discussion. For example, Cequent has a set of five businesses, which were run by five presidents, five divisional finance officers, five sales and marketing staffs, five production staffs…and I'll stop there. There are now three teams. We have a consumer-oriented one and an industrial-oriented one and one that's overseas. Those teams now operate with the customer: instead of having five different places you might call for your product, it's one. It's one invoice, one customer call, one commercial program, one pricing structure. The simplification wouldn't have happened as just a holding company with a bunch of small companies. We're driving those together to play and act like an operating team.
What changes have you made in terms of cash dynamics?
That was one of the reasons I came to the company. I saw a balance sheet that was ripe in terms of its inventory and asset turnover, and it was something that we needed intensity on. I saw it as a real opportunity for the inventory to go from less than three turns to more than six.
Our operating working capital was down to $153 million for the total corporation [for the second quarter of 2009] from $176 million the previous year. We've chased working capital as a percentage of sales down, but we've also changed process along the way. The reorder points and the metrics have all changed, such that we should be able to maintain that lower level of overall working capital with lots more improvements ahead of us.
In terms of the cash-flow dynamics, we also looked at acquisitions. We've got some older properties that don't deserve to be part of the organization, and they're part of discontinued operations. We've also talked about the operating profitability of the company, and the productivity that we're going to generate is also generating more cash flow.
So what we've done in the first half of the year is generate the same amount of cash as we did all of last year. We've done that through inventory reductions, managing out payables a little better, better collections, and the repurchase of debt at a discount. Through every technique that you could possibly point at.
Including layoffs.
If you think about the $30 million profit-improvement plan that we put in place, there was some restructuring that happened there. And we've done things that you've seen across industry: layoffs, furloughs, wage reductions. We've tried to do it with a heart in mind, though. I've realized that one of my tenets as a finance leader is that it's not just about the numbers. The numbers are sticky, most definitely. But I've got responsibility for 4,000 employees [the company's current workforce] and I want to make sure that I'm doing right by those 4,000 families, and that's what I go to bed with. Ultimately, I have shareholders, too. And those shareholders expect a return and they expect equity growth out of us as well.
Speaking of issues related to human capital, how do you see the health-care debate going? How do you see reform affecting you from the standpoint of benefit costs?
Our health-insurance costs were rising approximately 10% a year up until 2008. And what we heard from President Obama last night will just add more pressure to that short term.
I didn't hear anything in his speech that would tell me that I naturally have a productive answer today. I have faith. I'll wait to see if there's proof in the pudding in terms of how he wants to change it. But I think that we're going to see continued health-care-cost pressures.
How will the reforms increase your costs?
If indeed you have no limits [on catastrophic insurance payouts] and you have preexisting conditions as part and parcel of your basis, that's got to get paid for somewhere, and today it's not paid for. That's not to say we don't have a meaningful amount of health-care coverage for our employees, because we do. But those costs will increase reinsurance rates. There are downstream effects that I think we as a nation are still figuring out.


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- #Holiday
- #Holiday/Seasonal
- #Halloween
Boston is the home of baseball, the oldest restaurant in the U.S and undeniably the best bars in our nation. Boston's bar scene is quite complex and sophisticated these days. From pubs and nightclubs to cocktail bars and breweries, and that's exactly why we are here to help you navigate the confusing maze of bars on Halloween night in Boston. But what is the Boston Halloween pub crawl really about? Only the most vibrant event of Halloween! Imagine Boston's best party crowd dressed in ridiculously wild costumes, getting together having amazing drinks, and roaming the streets of Beantown with excitement. For Halloween weekend, Faneuil Hall will be transformed into the center of nightmare nightlife for all those who seek fun and excitement this year. Not only are we expecting goblins, goons, and sexy teachers - but we may see some Pokemon scouring the streets as well.
Now we know you probably have already been invited to some friend of friend's party that they claim will be amazing. But we know, and more importantly, you know that it will be sub par or even lame at best. You'll get all dressed up like your bad self, drag all your friends out and then sit in the corner of the party giggling at your own inside jokes. Sound familiar? So ditch that party. With this year's Halloween bar crawl, our goal is to create a legendary night for you and your friends that surpass every single lone Halloween event in town. Why stick to just one venue when you can enjoy variety all night long? Roam the city of Boston on the most exciting night of the year with your entire squad and create those memorable moments that people won't believe! So with three days of crawling, Boston will surely not disappoint. Grab your friends, put on your wildest costumes, and let BostonHalloween.com bring fright night to you!
Participating bars include: Hard Rock, Mija Cantina, Clarke's, The Bell in Hand Tavern, Wild Rover, The Hideout, Sissy K's, The Vanderbilt, The Ginger Man, Hong Kong, Durgin Park, and more to be announced!
For tickets, group rates, and more information, visit PubCrawls.com or call 888-998-6609


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Designed by Milena Wlodarczyk, Poland.
Packaging for flowers helps in a quick and convenient way to transport the flowers without prejudice to their natural structure. The project is made from one piece of corrugated cardboard, which by proper bending becomes a stable structure likely to transmit various types of flowers. Packaging can be used as outdoor advertising for florists.


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This bamboo table has three changeable tabletops – a planter, a fruit bowl and a normal flat table. It can also be put together to create different compositions.
Poltrona is a minimalist take on the old school lounge chair. All the unnecessary material (including the upholstery) has been removed, the whole chair is made from only one material, and it is in fact surprisingly comfortable.
This shelving designed by Sarah Fager is a modern take on the traditional spice drawer. It allows for flexibility of size and is made in bamboo and recyclable PET.
These IKEA PS 2012 bowls designed by Marcus Arvonen are made from two materials: recycled PET and WPC, a mixture of wood and plastic fiber.
The IKEA PS 2012 candlestick is designed in separate parts that you can put together in different combinations. The design leaves it up to you to decide whether you want a more traditional candlestick or an asymmetrical candelabra.
Ola Wihlborg designed a series of foldable plastic bowls in varying sizes for IKEA. They can be flattened out completely, which allows them to be transported in thin plastic sheets.
Redesigned the classic sofa, Nike Karlsson has created a light and airy design that keeps material use to a minimum. Moreover, the mattress is made of pocket springs which are comfortable and can be easily recycled.
"The IKEA PS 2012 collection doesn't release new furniture in old styles," explained Lars Petersson, Country Manager at IKEA Italy. "Instead, the collection finds inspiration from the past and innovates designs that belong more to homes of today and tomorrow."
+ Milan Furniture Fair


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Title: Mila
Series: The Heartbreaker Series #3
Author: Evan Grace
Genre: Contemporary Romance
Published: April 12, 2016
Publisher: Limitless Publishing
Mila Bianchi has always played it safe…
After her father betrayed her mother with her brother's wife, Mila decided to stick with boys and men who could never break her heart. She saw what being destroyed by the ones you loved could do, and it was never going to happen to her.
After the death of her father, her brother Nico thought it would be good for her to come to America and start over. At her welcome to America party, she meets Brian, who she thinks is safe. Spending time together, it doesn't take long for those feelings to grow, but she's got a secret, one that keeps her from thinking she's ever going to find happiness.
Brian Burns had a rough start in life…
Orphaned at age six, he grew up in the system until he turned eleven and met the people who would become his parents. Now an adult, Brian wants to help other vulnerable children, so he's devoted his life to being a social worker and helping them find their temporary or permanent homes.
The moment he laid eyes on Mila, he knew there was something there, but she pulled the friend card with him. He bided his time, but whenever they seem to get closer, something would hold her back.
Can Mila open her heart enough to share a painful secret with him?
Or will they both walk away damaged and heartbroken?
"The Heartbreaker series is one of my favorites out there. Each book is sweet, sexy, passionate, romantic, intense, and gives each couple a fresh start and second chance at love. And Mila... well this became my new top favorite. #TeamBrian" ~Brianna at Renee Entress's Blog
"THIS IS SUCH A HEARTWARMING STORY!!! Love At First Site!! Filled with Sighs and Cries!!" ~Reviews From The Heart
A Midwesterner and self-proclaimed nerd, Evan has been an avid reader most of her life, but five years ago got bit by the writing bug, and it quickly became her addiction, passion and therapy. When the voices in her head give it a rest, she can always be found with her e-reader in her hand. Some of her favorites include, Shayla Black, Jaci Burton, Madeline Sheehan and Jamie Mcguire. Evan finds a lot of her inspiration in music, so if you see her wearing her headphones you know she means business and is in the zone.


text: Machine vision is used throughout electric vehicle (EV) production to inspect materials for quality and consistency and to guide, align, and identify components. EV manufacturers and hardware suppliers are uniformly focused on achieving greater energy density, cycle life, and safety. During production, stable manufacturing processes are essential to prevent degradation and minimize waste. Cognex machine vision and image-based barcode reading technologies help manufacturers and suppliers adhere to the most rigorous quality standards and ensure high performance for their batteries, motors, inverters, and general assemblies.


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From Money Mules to Chain-Hopping: Targeting the Finances of Cybercrime
This Occasional Paper discusses the ways that cyber-criminals manage the proceeds of their crimes, from employing money mules to using services such as mixers to obfuscate the proceeds' origins. It offers recommendations for policymakers, law enforcement professionals and regulated entities to target and reduce these activities.
This paper examines money-laundering techniques used by cyber-criminals and proposes measures that should be taken by UK policymakers, law enforcement agencies and regulated businesses to make it more difficult for such activities to go undetected.
Cybercrime has become a major category of financially motivated crime. It generates proceeds that in some cases amount to hundreds of millions of pounds. Moreover, it engenders a bustling underground economy where stolen data and services that facilitate cybercrime are traded.
Money forms a key part of cyber-criminals' motivation to engage in criminality. It is also their vulnerability. Since financially motivated crime inevitably involves money laundering, which refers to any use of the proceeds of crime, anti-money laundering (AML) measures can be used to target cyber-criminals. Financial investigation can be used to trace transactions and identify their beneficiaries. Criminal prosecution can target money launderers who help cyber-criminals transfer and use the proceeds of crime. Based on a review of publicly available information and interviews with subject-matter experts, this paper proposes ways of further strengthening these financial efforts against cybercrime.
Scope of the Paper
Cybercrime is a broad concept. This paper focuses specifically on the proceeds from hacking, malware infections (including ransomware) and distributed denial of service (DDOS) attacks. These are enabled by the existence of an underground criminal economy of services that facilitate cybercrime. In view of this, the paper also covers the proceeds of ancillary services that range from the provision of hacking, malware or DDOS attacks 'as a service' to money-laundering services.
Generation of Cyber-Criminal Proceeds
Since the form and amount of the proceeds often determine how they will be laundered, it is necessary to consider how cyber-criminals generate proceeds. This happens in a variety of ways, including:
- Taking over a bank customer's account or interfering with inter-bank payments, typically via Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) intrusions, which leads to unauthorised electronic transfers of fiat currency (government-issued money such as US dollars or British pounds).
- Hacking ATMs or attacking banks' card-processing systems, which generates proceeds in cash. Attacks on card processing involve the deactivation of withdrawal and overdraft limits on cards held by criminals.
- Ransomware extortion, 'cryptojacking' or theft of cryptocurrency, which all depend on cryptocurrency, such as bitcoin. The market in ancillary services is also dominated by cryptocurrency due to the perceived anonymity of transactions.
Laundering the Proceeds
Proceeds in Fiat Currency
The proceeds generated in government-issued fiat currency can either be digitally represented – for instance, funds in a bank account – or exist in physical cash. Proceeds from low-value, high-volume attacks that generate digitally represented fiat currency, such as account takeovers, are typically moved through several consumer bank accounts, which either belong to witting or unwitting 'money mules', or have been hacked. In contrast, transferring large amounts of funds, such as those that originate from intrusions in inter-bank payments systems, requires corporate bank accounts and therefore involves the establishment of companies. In turn, cash-generating ATM hacking and attacks on card processing rely on a particular type of money mule to launder funds, namely individuals who pick up and transfer the cash.
Depending on the money-laundering scheme used, regulated entities and law enforcement agencies face different detection and investigation challenges. In particular, the use of money-mule accounts and high-velocity transactions by criminals requires financial institutions to identify such accounts and freeze the proceeds before they are withdrawn in cash. As discussed below, this requires a continuous reappraisal of approaches to data analysis and information sharing in relation to cyber indicators.
Proceeds in Cryptocurrency
The criminal provenance of cryptocurrency transfers is obscured through the use of mixers; online gambling outlets that accept cryptocurrency; and, occasionally, rogue virtual currency exchanges. Although businesses that exchange cryptocurrency into fiat currency or vice versa will become regulated across the EU once member states implement the 5th Anti-Money Laundering Directive (5AMLD), member states are not required to extend the same rules to crypto-to-crypto exchanges. Such exchanges are open to abuse because they can convert traceable cryptocurrency such as bitcoin into privacy coins that are at the moment exceedingly difficult to trace (a process known as 'chain-hopping'). Furthermore, as the use of peer-to-peer (decentralised) exchanges, where users transact directly with each other, increases, so may opportunities for laundering funds through them. Whether such exchanges fall within the scope of 5AMLD is questionable given that they only operate as intermediaries that connect users. Similarly, the use of mixers so far is not addressed in either the EU or the UK.
Key Areas for Further Action
Building the Knowledge Base
Improved understanding of how cyber-criminals launder the proceeds of their crime can produce a clearer intelligence picture of how they operate and, in particular, help identify key nodes of the enabling financial infrastructure. This will assist in focusing law enforcement and regulatory efforts. Additional analysis is needed to better understand:
- The modus operandi, identity and location of money launderers who provide such services as company incorporation to cyber-criminals.
- The modus operandi, identity and location of individuals who specialise in facilitating anonymous cryptocurrency transactions (for example, via mixers) and thereby wittingly or unwittingly facilitate the laundering of cyber-criminal proceeds.
- The ultimate use of the proceeds of cybercrime and their contact with the regulated sector, which can constitute a focal point for law enforcement and regulatory intervention.
Detecting Money-mule accounts
The use of money-mule accounts is ubiquitous in cybercrime involving fiat currency. Their detection poses challenges, especially if those accounts are several steps removed from the predicate crime. It is particularly difficult for financial institutions to identify accounts that cyber-criminals purchase from initially legitimate users. In view of these challenges, some financial institutions are exploring innovative methods of detecting money-mule accounts, such as:
- Real-time information sharing to trace criminal proceeds, including the proceeds from using stolen card data, down the chain of money-mule accounts after a known fraudulent transfer has taken place.
- Analysing a wide range of data points, including cyber indicators such as IP addresses and device IDs, to link related accounts. For instance, establishing that several ostensibly unrelated accounts are accessed from the same device can indicate money muling. Various data points, including cyber indicators, have already been used for those purposes, although the details cannot be disclosed in a public document. In this context, the reliability and standardisation of data points are crucial.
Whenever possible, the results of these initiatives should be communicated throughout the industry to share best practice, subject to necessary limitations on the sharing of confidential information or the details of an institution's business processes. If a particular type of information proves useful for analysis (for instance, cyber indicators), UK government stakeholders (especially the Home Office and the National Crime Agency [NCA]) and regulated entities should verify to what extent it can be effectively shared via existing information-sharing arrangements. In addition, the NCA should consider introducing a standardised format for the inclusion by regulated entities of cyber indicators (such as IP addresses) in suspicious activity reports where available. This will facilitate the analysis of such data by law enforcement agencies.
Addressing Cryptocurrency-Related Risks
In line with the EU's 5AMLD, the UK will extend its AML regime to virtual currency exchanges and custodian wallet providers. Moreover, in October 2018 the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) extended its recommendations to 'virtual asset service providers', which include a broad range of cryptocurrency businesses beyond those to be regulated under EU law. This represents an appropriate moment for considering how the UK regulatory framework should extend to other cryptocurrency-related business models posing money-laundering risks, such as crypto-to-crypto exchanges, peer-to-peer (decentralised) exchanges and, potentially, mixers. Potential responses include either expanding the list of businesses subject to AML obligations on a case-by-case basis, as and when new business models arise, or using a flexible definition – for instance, of a 'money-service business' – that is capable of covering novel cryptocurrency businesses.
In addition to these measures, the UK government should provide guidance to regulated virtual currency exchanges on dealing with higher-risk counterparties, such as mixers of unregulated exchanges, and transacting in higher-risk cryptocurrencies, such as privacy coins. Such guidance will help exchanges assess the risks they face and prioritise mitigation measures.
Anton Moiseienko
Associate Fellow; Lecturer in Law, Australian National University


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In January 1991, a couple of crazy kids got married. That these particular "kids" were in their late 30s, were astronauts, and were keeping their marriage a secret from their bosses at NASA only added to the romance. Mark Lee and Jan Davis met during training for a space shuttle mission and kept their relationship quiet long enough to ensure that it would be difficult to replace them on the mission, as NASA normally would have done under its then-unwritten rule that banned married astronauts from flying together. And so, in September 1992, Lee and Davis became the first (and, after the unwritten rule became a written one, possibly last) married couple in space.
America had just one question for them. You know. Eh? Eh? Wink-wink.
NASA says no humans have had sex in space. There's nothing other than speculation to suggest otherwise. (Well, speculation and a vague sense that we would want to try it, given half a chance.) But you aren't a total junior-high pervert for wondering. Sex — or, rather, reproduction — has piqued the curiosity of scientists, too. When they went to space together, Lee and Davis even spent some time artificially inseminating frog eggs for the greater good. (So, somebody got lucky on that trip. Sort of.)
If the future of humanity is written in the stars, and if we're really serious about permanent human settlement on Mars, then we need to know what happens when this basic biological function is taken beyond the confines of the planet on which it evolved. And this is about more than just sex. Experts say that whether and how reproduction works is just one of a number of medical and biological questions related to long-duration space travel to which we need better answers and more, more-diverse data. Right now, anybody who wants to take a human to Mars for a trip that would last a minimum of nearly two years is, in many ways, flying blind.
The research on reproduction in space has been slow and underfunded. It's happened in fits and starts over the course of 50 years. All told, at least five species — from amoebas to rats — have gone through the, er, act of reproduction while in orbit.1 Other species have spent part of their gestation in space or donated their space-altered sperm and eggs to science.
The data that has come out of this research is not altogether reassuring. Space travel can affect reproduction in a couple of ways. First, most obviously, is the radiation. Space is full of subatomic particles moving very quickly. Those particles can slam into DNA like a bowling ball laying down a sweet split. The damage they leave behind can alter genetic instructions, setting up a path that leads to cancer, genetic mutations that can be passed down to children, and other problems. Life on Earth is protected from more than 99 percent of this radiation by our planet's atmosphere and magnetic field. The magnetic field provides some protection in orbit as well. But the farther from Earth you go, the less you're shielded. And "if you look at the list of organs sensitive to radiation damage, the gonads, the ovaries and testes, are always in the top two or three," said Joseph Tash, a professor at the University of Kansas Medical Center who has studied animal reproduction in space. Any trip to Mars would result in radiation exposures exceeding the current allowed limits for astronauts.
The second source of danger is less well-understood. Microgravity — you know, the whole thing where astronauts float around the International Space Station like a Cirque du Soleil troupe with a penchant for polo shirts — seems to alter biology too. It's well-known that astronauts lose muscle mass while in space. Your body gets weaker when it doesn't have to bear its own weight every day. But the effects of microgravity are weirder and more complex than what can be addressed by a modified treadmill. Some of the female mice that traveled to the space station in 2010 and 2011 stopped ovulating, and others lost their corpus luteum, an important structure that forms in the ovary after the release of an egg. The corpus luteum is responsible for producing hormones that maintain a pregnancy until the placenta can grow enough to do that job itself. Without it, you might get pregnant, but the pregnancy would be unlikely to stick.
This connects to data from older experiments. Back in 1979, Russian scientists launched a satellite carrying male and female rats and gave them the opportunity to mingle beginning a couple of days into their 18-day trip. The experiment didn't result in any babies. Two rats had apparently gotten pregnant, but both miscarried. There's consistent evidence that microgravity affects hormone levels in both males and females, Tash said. It's possible those rats had estrogen levels so low that most of them weren't even interested in mating. These effects persist after the animals return to Earth, but things eventually reset after they spend enough time in normal gravity. Mars's surface doesn't have normal gravity, however. It's about 38 percent of the gravity of Earth. And we don't know if that's enough to reverse the effects.
We also don't know whether humans experience these same effects. We only have a very small sample of female astronauts to begin with — as of 2015, only 11 percent of people who have gone to space have been female. These women are also typically in their late 30s when they first go to space, and most of them choose to take hormonal birth control to stop menstruating while they're there. It would be very difficult to statistically separate the impact of microgravity on their hormones and fertility from the impacts of their age and medications. As for men, there's evidence that both pilots and astronauts who spend time in altered gravity father more female than male babies. But again, these trends give rise to more questions than answers.
Microgravity has been implicated in changing sperm production and behavior. It could alter fetal development, particularly the vestibular system, which helps you maintain your balance when you walk. Rats who go into labor shortly after returning from space have almost twice as many contractions as rats who never left Earth. Tash told me that researchers are only on the cusp of beginning to understand why microgravity can alter the body in the ways it apparently does. The basic takeaway, according to him and to Virginia Wotring, professor at Baylor University's Center for Space Medicine, is that we don't know much. But what we do know should give us pause.
Far from being seen as crucial, though, the research on reproduction in space has often been treated as if it's somewhat embarrassing. In 2007, for instance, somebody from NASA told Slate that the agency had never conducted official experiments on animal reproduction in space, a claim that appears to be in direct opposition to the published scientific record. And Kelly Humphries, acting news chief of the NASA Ames Research Center, told me the agency decided not to comment on this story and would not allow me to speak to April Ronca, a senior scientist with NASA's space biosciences research branch and the foremost expert on this topic. NASA is not focused on sex in space at this time, Humphries told me.
And that is where your prurient giggling connects to a much larger issue. When you ask why no humans have ever had sex in space, part of the answer is that truly living in the cosmos — as opposed to visiting for the sake of scientific field research — isn't what NASA is about. Stressing that she was not speaking on behalf of NASA, Wotring said, "It's never been one of NASA's missions to colonize. Yet. The way the budgets are constrained, you can't afford to do research on something you don't need. There's all kinds of things we should do before a long-duration kind of mission, but [we] haven't, because we haven't needed it," she said.
Turns out, we know very little about the impacts of long-duration spaceflight in general. The open questions include whether some medications would lose efficacy in less time than it would take to get to Mars and back, and whether spaceflight-weakened astronauts would be able to regain their muscle mass in Martian gravity they way they do on Earth. "They have a massive team of people to assist with rehabilitation back to Earth's gravity. And even then it can take days, weeks, or even months to recover," said Dr. Kris Lehnhardt, professor of medicine at George Washington University and faculty associate with the school's Space Policy Institute. Those rehabilitation teams won't exist on Mars. So what happens then? "We can't have everybody laying on the floor of the spacecraft because they pass out whenever they try to stand," Lehnhardt said.
Part of the problem is that almost all the available data on astronaut health and recovery comes from astronauts who have experienced only very short stays in space. During the space shuttle era, most people were only ever off the planet for about two weeks at a time. Since then, missions have lengthened significantly. Six-month stays on the ISS are now more normal, and astronaut Scott Kelly and cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko completed a yearlong mission in March.
What we think we know, based on mostly short-trip data, might or might not turn out to be accurate when applied to longer journeys. In testimony to Congress in June, Kelly said that the physical impacts of his 340-day trip were surprisingly different from those he experienced after a 159-day mission. His muscles stiffened more quickly. His legs swelled. He developed a rash all over his body from touching everyday objects. He even had flu-like symptoms.
LATEST IN THIS SERIESNo One Has Gotten Lucky In Space
NASA has acknowledged the gaps in what we know about the impacts of long-duration spaceflight. In 2014, for instance, it commissioned a team studded with health experts and retired astronauts to write a National Academies report advising the agency on how best to ethically approach long-duration spaceflight situations where the very nature of the mission would mean that astronauts must violate current NASA workplace safety standards.
But other groups interested in traveling to Mars have displayed less concern about these challenges. In the Q&A session after his Sept. 27 presentation unveiling his plan to put humans on Mars, Elon Musk was asked about human safety in flight or on the planet. His response downplayed the risks of radiation as minor, and he didn't mention the effects of microgravity at all. When I asked Tash about Musk's perspective, which seemed to imply that the problems had been solved already, Tash just started laughing. "Well, Elon Musk is a good salesman," he said. "Unfortunately, a lot of people think, 'There's a pill for that.' And there may not be. Based on our data and the data of people doing the fundamental research, we can tell you that no, we don't know the answers yet."
It's not that SpaceX discounts the health impacts of long-duration space flight, said Phil Larson, who at the time he was interviewed was SpaceX's spokesperson. (He has since left the company.) Instead, he told me, Musk's comments have to be understood in the context of what, specifically, the inventor and his company want to do and what they want to leave to others. SpaceX's business is building the machines to get to Mars. "If you can solve the transport problem — meaning dramatically lowering the cost per pound to the surface of Mars — then solving the other challenges, like health, becomes much easier," he told me. The cheaper and more realistic the transportation becomes, the more incentive other people will have to answer questions about things like making babies.
Finding those answers will take cash, starting with increased investment in astronaut health. The 2014 National Academies report advised NASA to put more resources into caring for, and monitoring, the health of retired astronauts. "Believe it or not, there's no provision for lifetime health care for astronauts," said Jeffrey Kahn, director of the Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics and chair of the committee that wrote the report. Without that commitment, there's not a strong incentive for retired astronauts to be continuously monitored and cared for as they age — which means potentially crucial data about the effects of space travel on the human body is likely going unnoticed. That's the first small step we can take. Eventually, maybe we'll know enough to allow somebody — or, really, two somebodies — to take the giant leap of space sex and reproduction.


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There are situations where the questions are not-so-good idea or a bit questionable. For a hypothetical example, let's say someone asks
What's the cheapest way to Elbonia?
One could answer this literally involving parachutes, or warn the questioner that there's an outbreak of monkey flu in Elbonia, which doesn't directly answer the question.
In SO, there may be similar situation where one asks "How can I do XXX using YYY?" and someone starts to question the question itself and answer back "Don't use YYY, use ZZZ." (ZZZ may be Eclipse, Python, MVC pattern, etc..)
I feel like the reactions of the voters are inconsistent on these Rosh Gadol (in Joel's words) answers. Sometimes they are upvoted by many and accepted, other times they are heavily downvoted. The same sometimes goes for literal answers.
In general, should the answerer question the intent of the questions? Or should one assume that the questioner knows what he or she is talking about, including the fact that there is monkey flu in Elbonia?


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Schizophrenia, Part 2
March 12, 2013
by Richard Kalvar
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As I came into the Congress Center in Davos one day, I saw a minor commotion. Naturally I elbowed my way in. Facebook chief operating officer Sheryl Sandberg was speaking with a colleague and an admirer, and being filmed by a video crew. I subsequently learned that she was about to publish a book called "Lean In", and the filming (unusual at Davos) was presumably done for its promotion. I took the first picture shown above.
When things had calmed down a bit and the microphone had been removed, I followed her around for a while. She's obviously an intelligent and energetic person, and clearly very charming. If you have doubts about that, just look at the smiles on the faces of the high-powered men in the next three pictures. These images, I think, are good professional photographs. They reveal the ambiance, show what's taking place, and give you an idea about the people involved. All are what I would call first degree; they are what they are. I think that the World Economic Forum is happy with them.
The next day I was strolling around, and there was Ms Sandberg again. I took the fifth picture, and I must say I'm very pleased with it, because this one is simultaneously first degree and second or even third, too. (It was also in a previous post). It shows a typical scene at Davos, where people socialize freely and give the impression, possibly true, of having a very good time. It's useful for the WEF. But it's also a photograph. By that I mean that it goes beyond being about the relationship between the CEO of Wal-Mart and two senior Facebook executives, or anything at Davos itself. For me, it's a triptych of laughing people, frozen forever. If you look at it for a while, you get more and more uncomfortable. The seeming joy, never ending, becomes painful. I suppose you could say that any picture is reality frozen forever (and I often do), but to my mind, this one works particularly well. It will go into my special black box.
Then a little while later, there she was again… And I like this sixth picture, too; another one for the black box! It's purely second degree; I don't think the World Economic Forum would ever use it, because it's odd, and not particularly flattering. Here's where my imagination takes me: Sheryl Sandberg is having a terrible personal problem. Christine Lagarde is trying to give her some comforting maternal advice, but Sheryl is so distraught that she's not even listening; she's lost in her thoughts, and keeps talking at the same time as Christine. Is any of this true? I doubt it, although you never know… So maybe it's unfair of me to use this photo, because viewers might get the impression that I'm showing something factual and specific about two real people, whose names are mentioned in the caption.
I had some problems with the next picture, in black and white. One of the people who appears in it (whom I know) objected to my using it in my book "Earthlings" and my show at the Maison Européenne de la Photographie in Paris. She said that my photography in general was "ironic", and that I was making fun of her and the others. She demanded, by registered letter, that I give her veto rights over the subsequent use of the picture. I refused, saying that if I gave veto rights to everyone I photographed I could never show any pictures. But mostly because the irony was not directed at them, but at us, at humans in general, at me as much as at them. I sincerely believe that.
That's equally true of the picture of Christine Lagarde and Sheryl Sandberg, but I do list their names. Maybe that changes things. What do you think?
And now, the last photograph, which has in fact been cropped from the laughter triptych. If you didn't know where it came from, would you say that the woman was laughing or crying, waving or drowning? Might I have unconsciously been on to something?
(PS: I wrote this blog post a week and a half ago, and I've been waiting for the strategically right moment (whatever that means) to place it. In the meantime, the controversy surrounding Sheryl Sandberg's new book – which hasn't even officially come out yet! – has been swelling. Last week Ruth Marcus wrote a column for the Washington Post about it, and she makes some observations which are not entirely foreign to what I've written above.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/ruth-marcus-sheryl-sandbergs-valuable-lesson/2013/03/05/fc3612bc-85cb-11e2-98a3-b3db6b9ac586_story.html )
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