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As one of the most common childhood learning disabilities, specific language impairment – a delay in mastering language skills, despite normal hearing, education and intelligence – affects about 5 to 7 percent of all kindergartners.
The exact cause of specific language impairment, or SLI, is unknown, but recent discoveries suggest it has a strong genetic link. Christopher Bartlett, an assistant professor at Nationwide Children's Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine and The Ohio State University, and his team, including Stephen Petrill from Ohio State's Department of Psychology, have made significant strides in understanding heredity's role.
"By using a complex statistical methodology, called posterior probability of linkage, we examined the DNA of families with multiple people affected by SLI," Bartlett said. "This type of analysis enables us to look at how two genes interact and many other possible genetic architectures."
To date, the research team has made four important contributions to this research space:
They found strong evidence of a genetic variation associated with SLI on the human chromosome 13q21, and characterized how it affects language, reading or both.
To examine the hypothesis that SLI and autism share genetic causes, they performed the first study that required both disorders be present in each family they studied.
Bartlett's team furthered the development of the underlying computational and statistical genetic methods for disease gene discovery.
They discovered a modifier gene effect that implicated working memory in developmental language impairments.
Bartlett and his team are extending these successes through genome scans collected from new families. Additionally, they are developing and testing the multivariate statistical approaches to further understand the relationship between implicated genes and language ability – and will again be using the Ohio Supercomputer Center for the computationally intensive calculations. In fact, during the current two-year study, they will use 250,000 resource units – an aggregate measure of the use of CPU, memory, and file storage – to examine about 15,000 gene expression levels in 1,083 people.
"The memory and multicore processors available at the Ohio Supercomputer Center are a must," Bartlett said, "as the scans typically involve millions of likelihood calculations at thousands of genetic positions across the genome. It would be too slow and, therefore, impossible to conduct this research without supercomputers."
The goal is to translate this basic science into clinical applications, Bartlett added, in the hopes of earlier identification in patients, earlier intervention, and, ultimately, better outcomes for children affected by this disorder.
Project Lead: Christopher Bartlett, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital & The Ohio State University
Research Title: Childhood language impairment and gene expression in the brain
Funding Source: National Institutes of Health


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Piers Morgan is to give evidence to the Leveson inquiry into media ethics and phone hacking, it has been announced.
Lord Justice Leveson told the inquiry on Thursday that the former editor of the Daily Mirror would be asked to give evidence on what he knew about the prevalence of phone hacking on Fleet Street.
Morgan also faces questions about whether hacking happened at the Mirror during his watch.
Giving evidence to the inquiry, media lawyer Mark Thompson said he believed the illegal hacking of voicemails went beyond the News of the World.
"Heather Mills has confirmed to me that a person other than Piers Morgan admitted to her at the Mirror group that her phone had been accessed," he said.
Morgan has always vigorously denied that hacking went on at his newspapers, previously saying: "For the record, in my time at the News of the World and the Mirror, I have never hacked a phone, told anyone to hack a phone, or published any stories based on the hacking of a phone."
But Thompson highlighted an interview conducted by Morgan with super model Naomi Campbell in which he implies he knew hacking was widespread.
During the interview Campbell turns the tables on Morgan and asks him questions to ask him about hacking.
"Loads of newspaper journalists were doing it. Clive Goodman, the NotW reporter, has been made the scapegoat for a very widespread practice," Morgan replied.
Morgan's GQ interviews were also the subject of the inquiry yesterday, when comedian Steve Coogan said the former editor's interviewing technique was "a little" intrusive
Coogan added: "But it's Piers Morgan, so it's what you expect when he interviews you." In GQ Morgan noted that he met Coogan in an "excruciatingly trendy" London club.
There was a rare moment of laughter in the inquiry as Coogan told the room: "He chose the venue."
Morgan commented on Coogan's remarks with a single Tweet referencing the comedian's best known catchphrase.
The talkshow host who now works for CNN in the United States, has yet to respond to the news that Leveson wants him to appear at the inquiry.

subset: commoncrawl


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New Report Highlights Portland's Trees for Stormwater Management
Jan 28, 2013 at 11:40 AM 0 Comments
American Forests published this new report with case studies of urban forest programs in twelve cities, including Portland! The case study covers the broad range of tree programs, partnerships and policies, including Environmental Services' tree planting efforts that are protecting our investment in controlling combined sewer overflows and building Portland's green infrastructure for the next 100 years. Since 2008, Environmental Services' Urban Canopy program has helped plant over 25,000 new street and yard trees, including these in the Central Eastside Industrial District.
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Physcial Sciences Division
April 2013
Nigel Browning Commentary in Nature Chemistry
Nigel Browning serves as the Chief Science Officer on PNNL's Chemical Imaging Initiative
A commentary by Dr. Nigel Browning, the Chief Science Officer for the Chemical Imaging Initiative at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, was recently published in Nature Chemistry. The commentary featured recent four-dimensional electron microscopy (4D-EM) work done by the research group of Nobel prize winning scientist Ahmed Zewail. Browning highlighted the wealth of new information 4D-EM has revealed about how electronic phase transitions occur in individual nanoparticles, how the particle-to-particle variability changes the speed and magnitude of the transition, and how interactions between nanoparticles control the ensemble-average response of the system. The power of 4D-EM to image structural dynamics on the scale of a few hundred nanoseconds and allow the switching dynamics to be quantified makes a unique contribution to the study of nanostructures. A broad class of electronic phase transitions in individual nanomaterials can now be studied directly using 4D-EM.


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Gaze across the head-banging crowd at any local metal show, and you'll see a mass of black T-shirts that spans the history of the hard-core musical genre: Napalm Death, Pantera, Scorpions, Slayer, and many other hard-rocking titans.
San Antonio, it's often said, is the Heavy Metal Capital of America, so it stands to reason that this city also vies for consideration as the Heavy Metal T-Shirt Capital of America. And no piece of music merch tells the story of SA's love of all things heavy as well as the T.
End to end, shoulder to shoulder, from Old English font to Old English font, here are my picks for classic black Tee-shirts any self-respecting San Antonio metal fan has in their collection.
99.5 KISS Rocks San Antonio T-Shirt (the oldest one you can find): Put aside, momentarily, sniping debate about present-day KISS radio. Does the station still rock out? Do the songs suck? Is it even metal? What's easier to agree on is the station's importance in our city's collective hard-rock history.
Back in the mid-'70s, before Ozzy bit a bat, before Metallica went to counseling, and before the music was even widely known as metal, KISS DJs Joe Anthony and Lou Roney played the obscure LPs of then-unknown hard-rocking bands like Legs Diamond, Budgie, Triumph, Moxy, and Judas Priest, circa Sad Wings of Destiny. And while the sounds were hard and heavy, the music was unabashedly alternative, in the true sense of the word.
You would not hear this kind of music anywhere else in the country. Years before the bands broke out nationally, San Antonio hard-rock fans from Military Drive to the Judson Drive-in Theater were not only jamming out to "Blinding Light Show," commercial-free, but forming a sophisticated taste for the expressive power of heavy metal.
So wear that KISS FM T proudly. You would not be head-banging today without Joe, Lou, and 99.5.
Any Iron Maiden T-shirt: As any ad exec will tell you, a recognizable icon, branding image to product, is half the battle in winning the hearts and wallets of consumers. Think Apple. Think the Keebler Elf. Think Eddie, the grinning skeleton found on Iron Maiden albums.
While the ghoulish cadaver is known to Maiden fans worldwide, for a few years running Eddie made a unique and regular appearance at a distinctly San Antonio event, the annual Lanier vs. Fox Tech Chili Bowl football game.
Heavy metal, as practiced in San Antonio, is primarily a brown thing. Apologies to the gringo headbangers jamming out in Loopland but sheer demographics prove my point. And nowhere is the city more Mexican than Lanier High School, in the heart of San Antonio's West Side, where Eddie, not too long ago, made a yearly half-time appearance painted large and tall on the booster club banners the Vok football team would run through.
For the 1999 game, billed as "the last Chili Bowl of the century," Eddie held in his skeletal, outstretched hand a severed and bloody Fox Tech buffalo head.
Try and imagine that weird and wonderful tradition of high-school football, Chicanos, and heavy metal anywhere else but San Antonio.
Go Voks Go.
Ozzy Osbourne - Diary of a Madman Tour T-shirt: Apart from Ozzy's invaluable musical contribution to the formative metal band Black Sabbath, the rocker will always be remembered for two things: 1) biting the head off a live bat while performing onstage (an accident, Ozzy claims; he thought it was rubber); and 2) pissing on the Alamo. While some have called this last act an eloquent gesture of resistance against gringo oppression, Ozzy swears he was drunk and just couldn't hold it any longer. In any case, banner headlines crisscrossed the globe regarding this event, and San Antonio made the pages of heavy-metal history.
Incidentally, San Antonio was one of the last tour dates for Randy Rhoades, 25, Ozzy's talented young guitarist. One month later, Rhoades would die in a freak plane accident while the band was touring Florida.
(Tie) Moxy's 30th Anniversary Tour
T-shirt and Budgie's 30th Anniversary Tour T-shirt: In the history of rock, bands, of course, matter. But so do venues. The Roxy, Winterland, the Royal Albert Hall, they all loom large in the annals of pop.
Moxy's band name, in its distinctive '70s-era design, decorates the front of the Canadian group's 30th Anniversary Tour
T-shirt; on the back, a red, white, and blue Texas flag with a single listing, their one U.S. tour date: "Sunken Garden Theatre, San Antonio, Texas" — our very own CBGBs. Sharing the March 20, 2004, bill on Moxy's return to the city that made them famous was another San Antonio classic-rock favorite, the Welsh metal gods Budgie, on their own three-decade anniversary celebration. On that one day, in that one venue, two venerable bands played before an appreciative and knowledgeable local crowd that spanned a generation. In San Antonio, not only does metal rule, but the music and its bands are remembered, passed on to new fans, and celebrated by both.
Joe Anthony would be proud.


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Eric sent in his aux-in jack for his factory oldsmobile radio. We seen similar stuff before, but the implimentation is clean and simple.
I can't read Czech, but [Dzinn] sent in some interesting looking lens mods for a Gsmart LCD3 digital camera. The mod is clean and allows SLR type lenses to be used in place of the original (fixed?) lens.
[Dheera] sent in the latest in uses for blue LEDs – a classic building window 6×6 matrix display.
I dug up some more cool tube projects. The Altoobs – a altoid tin based ham transmitter. Too bad the power supply is freakin huge.
I was looking for one of these the other day. This hybrid (solid state + tube) headphone amp is portable, running off of 12V. The site is loaded with headphone amp designs.


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Advanced Search
Less than a year after releasing its Bing search engine, Microsoft plans to give it a facelift this spring. The updated Bing will render more contextual and visual information, including real-time data feeds within the interface.
Microsoft will be rolling out previews of some of the changes in the coming days with a complete update to Bing set to go live in the coming months. Yusef Mehdi, senior vice president of Microsoft's online audience business, unveiled some the new features planned for Bing in a keynote address Thursday at the Search Engine Strategies 2010 Conference and Expo in New York.
Mehdi also acknowledged the Bing interface on a prototype smart phone running Microsoft's forthcoming Windows Mobile Phone 7, which was first previewed to developers at last week's MIX 10 conference.
Since its release last June, Bing has steadily gained share of the search market at market leader Google's expense. Bing accounted for 12.5 percent last month according to Nielson Co. That's a 15 percent jump over January. Despite Microsoft's gains with Bing, Google still remains the dominant search engine, accounting for 65 percent.
Mehdi defended Microsoft's earlier failed approaches at besting Google in the search market before launching Bing last year. "In search we definitely missed the boat early on," Mehdi said. "The Web was about the long tail. We actually focused a lot on the head of the queries and said the long tail might not be as important. It turned out that it was much more important."
In concert with Mehdi's introduction of the updated Bing, Microsoft outlined some of the key planned changes on its Bing blog. Among the updates that Microsoft will begin testing that Mehdi demonstrated include plans to move the Quick Tabs function to the top of the page. Mehdi also emphasized Microsoft's plans to continue its drive toward adding more visual and contextual results, Mehdi said.
"We are taking this in a direction where it is helping you get the task done, not just giving you the links," Mehdi said. For example, he demonstrated a scenario where a user may be looking for a customer service telephone number, noting such information is the most difficult to find on most companies' Web sites.
Mehdi also previewed a feature where Microsoft has embedded photos that it has gathered of specific locations. He demonstrated Seattle's historic Pike Place district and a scenario where a customer can determine how long the line is at a Starbucks location via Bing Maps.
Indeed, providing real-time streams will also be a key thrust, Mehdi said, pointing to the company's work with Twitter that it is rolling into Bing. Mehdi also demonstrated a Silverlight-based application by closely-held foursquare, a company that provides real-time activity streams from specific locations tied to Bing Maps.
One attendee of the keynote asked Mehdi if Microsoft's efforts to render more contextual data within Bing would result in fewer click-throughs to sites. Mehdi responded that he doesn't see cause for concern. "What we have found is there are more, richer click-throughs when you add richer captions," he said.
About the Author
Jeffrey Schwartz is editor of Redmond magazine and also covers cloud computing for Virtualization Review's Cloud Report. In addition, he writes the Channeling the Cloud column for Redmond Channel Partner. Follow him on Twitter @JeffreySchwartz.
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Collections of the Massachusetts Historical SocietyMassachusetts Historical Society, 1877 For the statement above quoted, also for full bibliographical information regarding this publication, and for the contents of the volumes [1st ser.] v. 1- 7th series, v. 5, cf. Griffin, Bibl. of Amer. hist. society. 2d edition, 1907, p. 346-360. |
Otras ediciones - Ver todas
Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society Massachusetts Historical Society Vista completa - 1914 |
Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society Massachusetts Historical Society Vista completa - 1877 |
Términos y frases comunes
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Mom, Dad, I'm bored!
Craft projects help kids explore their creativity
It seems that sooner or later every parent hears those dreaded words —"Mom! Dad! I'm bored!"— especially during winter months. Making crafts is a great way for cooped-up children to bust their boredom, have fun and learn at the same time. Here are some simple, inexpensive projects and activities.
Monogram art
Kids love things that are personalized. Help your children trace their first initial in block letters on a piece of poster board. Then, use glue to fill in the letter with colorful buttons, crayons or even shells.
Create a time capsule
Preserve some of your favorite family memories with a time capsule. Start with a sealable plastic box and have each child contribute a few items with a note about why those items are special to him or her. Include several family photos. Set a date to "uncover" the capsule. Bury the capsule in the backyard, or if you live in an apartment you can store it on a shelf.
Painted glass jar/ pencil holder
Clean and dry an old glass jar. Add white glue to acrylic or liquid tempera paints so the color sticks to the glass. Help kids paint a design on the jar using brushes or cotton swabs. To erase a mistake, just use a paper towel to wipe off the paint before it hardens. After the paint dries, seal the masterpiece with a coat of clear glaze.
Cardboard cuckoo clock
Encourage kids to draw a house on a piece of paper and color it in with markers. Next, glue the paper house on a piece of cardboard and cut it to fit the shape. Using a clock kit (available at many local craft stores), cut a hole in the middle of the house and fit the clock-face according to its instructions. Before you know it, you'll have a working clock that kids created.
Snow globe
Start with a small, empty jar, such as a clean baby food jar. Remove the lid and glue a small figurine to the underside of lid and allow to dry. Fill the jar with water and add some glitter and a little glycerin. Add a drop of food coloring to the water for a more unique globe. Encourage kids to think of fun themes, like under the sea. Screw on the jar lid tightly and turn over the jar to complete the snow globe.
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Shop Vac Flaws Grind Use to a Halt
May 15, 2012
I have a Genie shop vacuum that is more than 25 years old. It has been beat up, dropped, and otherwise abused, and except for the fact that its suction is not phenomenal, it has performed well for years. It has a hose outlet which is great for blowing dust out of stuff, and I've only had to tear it down once to clean and lube the motor. I've connected it to sanders to keep the dust down, balanced it on ladders, and generally banged it around.
About five years ago, I was given a more modern shop vac as a gift. It was a sleek-looking thing, and it had more suction than the Genie, so I relegated the Genie to the back corner. The new vacuum didn't have an attachable outlet so I kept the Genie in service as a blower.
Soon after using the new one, it started making a grinding noise when I shut it off. I decided to check the motor for oil. That's when I discovered the vacuum's poor design. The first thing I noticed was that one of the screws had never been installed. This was not a problem as the plastic fit well, but it revealed poor workmanship.
Then I discovered the impeller was a flimsy aluminum thing held onto the shaft with a spring clip that was not very reusable without some hammering. Past that, the motor was indeed dry. I lubed it up, put the vacuum back together, and it worked fine -- for a while at least. Then one of the casters broke off the tank because the plastic boss it pressed into was not reinforced with ribs. I was able to repair that.
A few months later, the noise returned. I again stripped it down to lubricate the motor and I noticed that the motor bearings had no oil storage in the form of felt pads or sintered bronze. That meant tearing down the vacuum would probably be an ongoing chore. Sure enough, about every six months I had to strip it down to relubricate the motor. Each time I also noticed the impeller was looser on the shaft. It was held by a slotted disc on the impeller which engaged a shaft pin on the motor, and as I mentioned earlier, held down by a spring clip.
Finally, after all the disassembly, as well as the torque of starting the motor, I could tell that the impeller was rubbing and there would be no further repair. It unceremoniously ended up in the trash.
After looking for a new shop vac and being underwhelmed by the selection and quality, we decided that the Genie with less suction was still a superior product compared to the new offerings.
This entry was submitted by Dave Nason and edited by Rob Spiegel.
Tell us your experiences with Monkey-designed products. Send stories to Rob Spiegel for Made by Monkeys.
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Curiouser and Curiouser
Facebook got more visits than any other web property in 2010 according to an article in Computerworld. Hitwise, an Internet analytics firm said that between January and November 2010 Google, which had the top spot in 2009 slipped to second with 7.19% of all visits compared with Facebook's 8.93% share.
Also, for a snapshot in time, another research group, comScore said that for the month of August U.S. users spent 41.1 million minutes on Facebook compared to 39.8 million minutes on Google's constellation of sites.
Now, on the face of it, that might suggest that Facebook is superior to Google and in some ways that might be true but which ways? It is a bit of apples and oranges and we need more data to sort this out—data that might not exist yet.
Consider this, according to a Jess3 video, "The State of the Internet" 84% of social networking sites have more women than men. I am not saying that's good or bad but if women are more social, I wonder if they also ask for directions more than men and if that's reflected in the demographic breakdown for Google.
I also wonder what these numbers have to do with doing business. Are visitors to Facebook more or less business oriented than visitors to Google and all of its applications? Also, what comparison can we make between Facebook and LinkedIn? Is 41.1 million minutes—about 342.5 U.S. work-years—on Facebook in August a good thing?


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Forget Afghanistan. Let's nation-build at home first.
| East Otis, Mass.
The assessment of the war in Afghanistan from the top US general there is grim. Without more troops, Stanley McChrystal warned in a report that was leaked recently, "The conflict will likely result in failure."
His candor should be applauded. It gives President Obama and the American public – nearly half of whom now oppose the war there – an opportunity to ask themselves how we are going to save Afghanistan when we have not figured out how to engage in successful nation-building at home.
There's no question we need it. Thirty percent of our students drop out before finishing high school. Our border with Mexico is awash in drugs and violence. Mexican and Russian mafias have strong criminal footholds in our cities.
Some of our Rust Belt cities have unemployment levels on par with third-world countries. Michigan, once America's industrial heart, is on government life support. California, once the country's dynamo, is near bankruptcy.
Taking on these tough challenges will require US leaders, both Democrat and Republican, to relinquish the idea they can remake much of the world in America's image and likeness.
Giving up that idea is hard to do in Washington, even for presidents. It requires them to defy powerful pressure.
Mr. Obama should recall that in 1962 President Kennedy instinctively resisted Defense and State Department pressure to send more troops to Vietnam. President Johnson was also wary of a troop buildup in Vietnam, but he fell prey to his own fears that Republicans would accuse him of being soft on communism if he flinched in the face of a festering Viet Cong insurgency.
America has a poor record of nation-building abroad. The George H.W. Bush administration and Clinton White House failed in Somalia. The most recent Bush administration bungled it in Iraq, where Iraqis continue to blow one another up now that Americans are increasingly out of reach as targets.
And now, bright as he is, Obama is showing us he learned next to nothing from the nine-year Soviet attempt at nation-building in Afghanistan that helped hasten the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Not long ago, a friend, a high Canadian government official, met with his Chinese government counterparts. The discussion turned to the subject of the United States. My Canadian friend told me that the Chinese delegate coolly observed, "We always expected the American empire to collapse, but we had no idea it would collapse so quickly."
The Pentagon and the US military command in Afghanistan now find themselves caught in a trap inadvertently set by their own politicians.
The US military speaks of winning the hearts and minds of Afghans when it's almost certainly the case that the Americans will always be seen as "infidel outsiders" occupying a Muslim country, just as the Russians were seen on the same real estate in the l980s.
Even if the Obama administration were to send half a million troops, the results would be little different. Just as the Communist Vietnamese enjoyed havens in Cambodia, Laos, and North Vietnam, so the Taliban and the rabidly anti-American Islamists in Afghanistan would enjoy similar sanctuaries in Pakistan and Iran.
Few US politicians have had the courage to tell the public that Afghanistan has a corrupt, tribal government, too weak to go it alone without US troops. Obama unwisely made Afghanistan his problem by escalating, rather than winding down, US involvement upon taking office. Now, the US is committed to policing it, creating a modern infrastructure out of a medieval society, while providing Afghans security and jobs.
How does this count as an intelligent investment when we are struggling to do the same thing here in the US? American political leaders have a moral obligation to repair their own republic before they try to reengineer Afghanistan. Nation-building at home will be at least as challenging as in Iraq or Afghanistan and far more important.
A prerequisite for this domestic nation-building is a spirit of goodwill with civil discourse that scorns rabid political posturing. Members of Congress must see themselves as colleagues, not enemies, and the public must not let buffoons with megaphones shape the debate at the expense of serious-minded observers.
No matter how great their material wealth, democratic nations cannot long survive, let alone mend themselves, without a spirit of public goodwill in the body politic. The run-up to the American Civil War demonstrated this.
Today, a similar ideological malice stalks the land. It is arguably more destructive than any Islamist terrorist threat spawned in Afghanistan. And this malevolent public rancor needs to be addressed with far greater urgency than Afghanistan, which is probably too broken to fix.
Walter Rodgers is a former senior international correspondent for CNN. He writes a biweekly column for the Monitor weekly print edition.


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"For experiments and theory leading to the demonstration of high-quality electron beams from laser-plasma accelerators."
Background:Dr. Carl B. Schroeder received undergraduate degrees in Mathematics and Physics with High Honors in 1994 from the University of Maryland, College Park. He received a DOE Fusion Science Fellowship and did his graduate work at the University of California, Berkeley, where he completed his Ph.D. in Physics in 1999. Dr. Schroeder was a UCLA postdoctoral fellow, and his postdoctoral research focused on the development of an x-ray free-electron laser at SLAC. Dr. Schroeder joined the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in 2001 and is currently a Staff Scientist in the Accelerator & Fusion Research Division. His chief research interests are the physics of intense laser-plasma interactions, plasma-based accelerators, and novel radiation sources. This has led to investigations in the areas of nonlinear plasma wave excitation, short-pulse laser-plasma instabilities, particle trapping, and radiation generation from beam-plasma interactions. Dr. Schroeder received the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Outstanding Performance Award in 2005 and in 2007. He is a member of the American Physical Society.
Amitava Bhattacharjee, Chair; Richard Berger; Yitzhak Maron; Michael Mauel; Cliff Surko


text: We love ethically aware brands & none are more ethically aware than indikidual, BOBO CHOSES & mini rodini. Cool leggings, great fit, organic cotton & ethically produced - nuff said!! Check out our new shorts from L'asticot which are 100% ORGANIC and Boys & Girls.....bright, bold & certified FAIRTRADE. And we've just taken delivery of the new indikidual Summer 14 range.....100% organic & 500% cool!! And finally (honest) don't leave without taking a peekaboo at the nununu leggings.....simply fabtastic!! nununu offer a very wide range of leggings & tops - all super soft to a very high standard. This brand has taken the US by storm - only launched in 2011 nununu has established a reputation for great quality & is a real trendsetter.....enjoy


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Sen. Menendez calls for investigation following WNY jitney crash that killed baby
In the wake of the tragic death of 8-month-old Angela Paredes, U.S. Sen. Robert Menendez (D-NJ) called upon federal transportation authorities to investigate Sphinx Transportation as to whether drivers are being properly trained to safely transport passengers commuting to New York City through New Jersey communities.
"As a father, I can't help but feel the tragedy of Angela Paredes' death very personally – and my deepest sympathies and prayers are with her family, who can only be heartbroken at this painful time," said Menendez.
"While the driver is facing criminal charges, I have my own questions about the company that employed him. My staff has been in touch with the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) to make sure they are assisting the state and local investigations.
"We have been assured that FMCSA will be making a visit to the company soon and review all of their operations including their procedures to screen and train drivers. The people who walk along Boulevard East, and all people in New Jersey, deserve answers, and I am confident that local, state, and federal authorities working together will find those answers and hold those responsible accountable for their actions."
National Night Out activities set for Union City
Union City's National Night Out festivities will take place this Tuesday, Aug. 6, at 6 p.m. on Summit Avenue from Eighth to Fifteenth streets.
The event will include live performances, activities for children, free hot dogs, ices, soda, and more.
Free transportation will be offered from various other sites around town, beginning at 5 p.m.
Future 'Sunset Sunday' events to take place at Donnelly Park
The town of West New York has scheduled several "Sunset Sundays" at parks around town, featuring free musical performances and an art walk.
This Sunday's event, previously scheduled to take place at the Birdhouse on Boulevard East, has been canceled due to the accident on Tuesday.
On Aug. 18 and 25, at 6 p.m. the events will take place at Donnelly Park 60th and Blvd East.
For more information or a chance to showcase your talent, please contact (201) 295-5101 or (201) 295-5121.
Coupon book fundraiser
United Cerebral Palsy of Hudson County, Inc. is raising funds to support programs for the developmentally disabled by selling Entertainment Books.
The price is $25 for the Monmouth, Bergen, Essex, Morris and Middlesex counties books. Each edition includes hundreds of discount coupons.
For more information, or to order a book, call Peter LaBarbiera at (201) 662-8120
Meadowlands Commission offering canoe trip
The New Jersey Meadowlands Commission is sponsoring a three-hour guided canoe tour exploring the Hackensack River and its marshes on Saturday, Aug. 10 at 8:30 a.m.
Paddlers will learn the basics of salt marsh ecology and enjoy the natural and man-made scenery while rowing past wetlands and down creeks. The tour departs from Mill Creek Point Park in Secaucus.
The trip is $15 per person, and is for ages 10 and up. Pre-registration is required.
For more information, or to register, go to www.njmeadowlands.gov/environment/tours.html or call (201) 460-4640.
Butterfly Day a hit at NJMC
Nearly 600 people, from kids to amateur photographers to seasoned enthusiasts, attended the New Jersey Meadowlands Commission's Fourth Annual Butterfly Day on Sunday, July 28, in DeKorte Park in Lyndhurst.
The day's activities included butterfly walks, talks, and crafts, scavenger hunts, and a butterfly costume contest.
A pipevine swallowtail and a spicebush swallowtail were among the most uncommon of the 17 species spotted.


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It is the policy of the University of Colorado Boulder to comply fully and completely with all United States export control laws and regulations, such as the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) implemented by the Department of Commerce, International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) implemented by the Department of State, and regulations implemented by the Treasury Department through its Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC).
The U.S. Department of Commerce must issue an export license or provide for an exemption from license requirements before any tangible item, software, or information located on the Commerce Control List may be exported or reexported. Likewise, the U.S. Department of State must issue an export license or provide for an exemption from licensing requirements for any items, software, or information located on the U.S. Munitions List. Failure to secure the required licenses subjects the researcher to potential criminal and civil penalties as well as University sanctions.
Research, scholarly, and other activities of the University of Colorado Boulder are subject to the United States export control laws. These laws govern the transfer of certain tangible items, software, technology, and information, to a foreign national or to a foreign country. If a person seeks to export a controlled item, the person must first secure the appropriate license(s) or approvals. Definitions of terms in this policy appear in Section IV.
Certain travel, procurement, and research activities are covered by federal export control laws. For more detailed information on export control policies, and procedures for dealing with those through the CU Boulder campus, please see the Research & Innovation Office wesbite. For other questions about this policy, contact the Office of Research Integrity at email@example.com.
I. Procedures, Forms, Guidelines, and Resources
An export license may be required when University research or activity involves the transfer, shipment, or disclosure of certain tangible items, software, technology, or information.
A. Overseas Shipments
The Office of Research Integrity is charged with determining whether an export license is required for the shipment of items, software, technology, and information outside of the United States. In order to determine whether an export license is necessary, the researcher preparing the shipment or transfer must provide the Office of Research Integrity with the following information:
- Whether the item, software, technology, or information is proprietary or disclosure-restricted and thus possibly export controlled, or whether it resulted from fundamental research to which export controls do not apply;
- The description of the tangible item, software, technology, or information;
- The technical characteristics and specifications of the item, software, or information;
- The intended end-use and end-user of the item, software, or information;
- The destination.
If the Office of Research Integrity determines a license is required for the shipment or transmission of the item, software, technology, or information, the Office of Research Integrity will work in conjunction with the researcher to apply for the license.
Certain overseas shipments or transmissions that are exported without a license will require justification and documentation for that classification. Such documentation should be prepared by the researcher with the assistance of the Office of Research Integrity.
B. Disclosures or Transfers to Foreign Persons
The Office of Research Integrity is charged with determining whether an export license is required for the disclosure or transfer of controlled tangible items, software, technology, or information to foreign persons. An export is deemed to occur, and a license may be required even if the transfer or disclosure occurs within the United States. In order to determine whether an export license is necessary for items, software, technology, or information that is disclosed or transferred to foreign persons, the researcher must provide the Office of Research Integrity with the following information:
- The description of the tangible item, software, technology, or information;
- The technical characteristics and specifications of the item, software, or information;
- The foreign persons country of citizenship and the country of citizenship of all other persons who may have access to the item, software, technology, or information.
C. Foreign Travel
While most foreign travel does not require a license, travel to certain foreign locations may be governed by export control laws. For example, the U.S. Department of the Treasury regulations restrict certain financial transactions with Cuba, Iran, Sudan, North Korea, and Burma. Traveling abroad with certain controlled tangible items, software, technology or information may also require an export license.
Individuals traveling to restricted, sanctioned, or embargoed countries are responsible for notifying the Office of Research Integrity. The Office of Research Integrity will work with the individual to determine whether approval or licenses are necessary.
D. Accepting Controlled Items or Data From Others
The results of fundamental research may proceed openly and be shared freely with foreign nationals in the U.S. without concern of export restrictions. However, export-controlled items, software code or information provided by a third party may not be openly shared with certain foreign nationals, even though such individuals may be important contributors to the performance of the fundamental research.
Before a researcher decides to accept export-controlled items, software code or information provided by a third party, the researcher must determine the nationality of individuals who will have access to the item, code, or information. The researcher must then work in conjunction with the Office of Research Integrity to determine each recipient's eligibility under export control regulations. This determination must be made before the export-controlled item, code, or information is shared with the recipient. If the proposed recipient is eligible to receive the export-controlled information, the researcher must document the available license exclusion or license exception.
E. Recordkeeping Requirements
Export control regulations contain specific recordkeeping requirements. Departments or programs must retain copies of all export documentation, including financial records, shipping documentation, and appropriate certifications in their research project file for a period of five years from the date of the export, reexport, or controlled deemed export.
II Definitions
Export. Export means any of the following: 1) actual shipment of any covered goods or items; 2) the electronic or digital transmission of any covered goods, items or related goods or items; 3) any release or disclosure, including verbal disclosures or visual inspections, or any technology, software or technical data to any foreign national; or 4) actual use or application of covered technology on behalf of or for the benefit of any foreign entity or person anywhere.
Reexport. Reexport means an actual shipment or transmission of items subject to export regulations from one foreign country to another foreign country. For the purposes of the U.S. EAR, the export or reexport of items subject to the EAR that will transit through a country or countries to a new country, or are intended for reexport to the new country, are deemed to be exports to the new country.
Foreign Person. A foreign person is any foreign corporation, business association, partnership, trust, society or any other entity or group that is not incorporated or organized to do business in the U.S.; any international organization, foreign government and any agency or subdivision of foreign governments; and any person who is not a U.S. citizen, a lawful permanent resident of the U.S. or who does not have refugee or asylum status in the U.S.
Fundamental Research. Fundamental Research means basic or applied research in science and engineering performed or conducted at an accredited institution of higher learning in the United States where the resulting information is ordinarily published and shared broadly in the scientific community. Fundamental research is distinguished from research that results in information that is restricted for proprietary reasons or national security reasons (EAR) or pursuant to specific U.S. government access and dissemination controls (ITAR).
Distribution: Vice Chancellor for Research
Effective Date
Tuesday, December 8, 2009
Approved By
Philip P. DiStefano, Chancellor
Office of Research Integrity


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Woman who died in Texas jail cell mentioned previous suicide attempt
ASSOCIATED PRES - A woman whose death in a Texas jail has raised suspicions about the official conclusion that she hanged herself told a guard during the booking process that she had tried to kill herself in the past, according to the county sheriff.
Waller County Sheriff Glenn Smith said Wednesday that two jailers interviewed Sandra Bland after her arrest. He said the 28-year-old black woman from Illinois told the second interviewer that she was not depressed but was upset about her arrest, which occurred following a confrontation with a white officer who stopped her for a minor traffic violation.
The sheriff said both jailers who spoke with Bland insisted that she appeared fine when being booked on a charge of assaulting a public servant.
The attorney representing Bland's family, Cannon Lambert, said relatives had no evidence that she ever attempted suicide or had been treated for depression.
Documents filled out for Bland indicate she had previously attempted suicide after losing a baby.
But the booking papers released Wednesday also indicate Bland did not have suicidal thoughts at the time of her arrest and that neither the arresting officer nor anyone else at the jail believed she was at risk.
The documents also contain discrepancies.
One questionnaire says Bland took pills in 2015 in an attempt to kill herself after losing the baby.
A separate form filled out by another jail employee says the suicide attempt occurred in 2014. One form indicates Bland had suicidal thoughts within the past year, another says that's not the case.
Bland was arrested July 10 and was found dead three days later. A medical examiner has ruled her death suicide by hanging. Her family and friends dispute the finding. Texas Rangers and the FBI are investigating. An autopsy conducted by the Harris County medical examiner has been completed and given to Waller County, where officials have not said when it will be released.
Late Wednesday, Waller County District Attorney Elton Mathis told CNN that his office had received an "initial report" from the medical examiner's office that Bland had marijuana in her system, though he said further toxicology reports are pending. When asked about news reports that autopsy results also show evidence of self-harm, Mathis told CNN he'd been informed it was the "opinion of the medical examiner" that Bland had what appeared to be "cutting scars on the arm."
A legal assistant for Mathis didn't return a message from The Associated Press seeking further comment.
The suicide questionnaire also notes that Bland told jailers she had epilepsy and was taking medication for it. But in another document, this one to be filled out by the inmate and signed by Bland, "no" is circled by the question asking if she's currently on any medication. In a third document, it is checked "yes" that she's taking medication.
Lambert said the family had no indication that Bland was ever treated for epilepsy. AP left messages seeking comment from Lambert after the jail forms were released.
It was not immediately clear why the sheriff's department had not acted earlier to disclose details of Bland's intake form, whether it was widely shared among jail staff or if it prompted jail officials to take any special precautions.
Bland's body was found three days later in her cell. Authorities say she hanged herself using a plastic liner taken from a garbage can.
State Sen. Royce West, who attended a Tuesday meeting with law enforcement and other officials to discuss questions surrounding Bland's death, said Wednesday that the kind of information disclosed on Bland's intake form should have prompted jail officials to place Bland on a suicide watch, meaning a face-to-face check on her welfare every 15 minutes instead of the hourly checks normally required.
Bland's death comes after nearly a year of heightened national scrutiny of police and their dealings with black suspects, especially those who have been killed by officers or die in police custody. It has resonated on social media, with posts questioning the official account and featuring the hashtags #JusticeForSandy and #WhatHappenedToSandyBland.
The sheriff said Wednesday that no one gained access to the cell and contributed to Bland's death.
Bland's family has said she was not despondent and was looking forward to starting a new job at her alma mater, Prairie View A&M University.
However, Bland posted a video to her Facebook page in March, saying she was suffering from "a little bit of depression as well as PTSD," or post-traumatic stress disorder. At least one friend has said she was just venting after a bad day.
Bland's intake documents were released hours after her family held a news conference in suburban Chicago to discuss the release of a video of her arrest taken from the officer's dashcam. It shows state trooper Brian Encinia drawing a stun gun and threatening Bland when she refuses to follow his orders.
The roadside encounter swiftly escalated into a shouting confrontation, with the officer holding the weapon and warning Bland, "I will light you up," for not getting out of her vehicle.
The video posted online Tuesday by the Texas Department of Public Safety shows the trooper stopping Bland for failing to signal a lane change. The conversation turns hostile when the officer asks Bland to put out her cigarette and she asks why she can't smoke in her own car. The trooper then orders Bland to get out of the vehicle. She refuses, and he tells her she is under arrest.
Further refusals to get out bring a threat from the trooper to drag her out. He then pulls out a stun gun and makes the threat about lighting Bland up.
When she finally steps out of the vehicle, the trooper orders her to the side of the road. There, the confrontation continues off-camera, but it is still audible.
Bland can be heard protesting her arrest, repeatedly using expletives and calling the officer a "pussy." She screams that he's about to break her wrists and complains that he knocked her head into the ground.
In response to questions about gaps and overlaps in the originally posted video, authorities said the footage was not edited or manipulated. Tom Vinger, a spokesman for the Department of Public Safety, said glitches occurred in the recording when it was first uploaded for public viewing, and the department uploaded it again.
The trooper, who has been on the force for just over a year, has been placed on administrative leave for violating unspecified police procedures and the Department of Public Safety's courtesy policy.


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Bauman, Harvey Rosenberger (1897-1970)
Harvey Rosenberger Bauman was born 26 February 1897 to farming parents, Samuel W. and Clara Rosenberger Bauman in Congo, Pennsylvania. He died 4 October 1970. He graduated from Bluffton College, (1919) and from Jefferson Medical School, Philadelphia (1923). On 11 June 1924, he married Ella Garber, also a physician. They served as medical missionaries in India for 35 years (1925-1961). Harvey and Ella founded the Christian Hospital in Champa, Madhya Pradesh, India; he was its medical superintendent. He was medical superintendent of the Bethesda Leprosy Hospital, Champa, India, from 1947-1953. Harvey was secretary and treasurer of the General Conference Mennonite Mission in India for the 35 years he worked there. He also served as pastor, deacon, and Sunday School teacher, and supervised building and maintenance. In his medical work he trained compounders, nurses, and paramedics. Harvey served on the board of Woodstock School, Mussoorie, Utter Pradesh, where his five children attended boarding school.
Juhnke, James C. A People of Mission: A History of General Conference Mennonite Overseas Missions. Newton, KS: Faith and Life, 1979: 33, 252, 223.
Author(s) | Mary E Bauman |
Date Published | 1987 |
Cite This Article
MLA style
Bauman, Mary E. "Bauman, Harvey Rosenberger (1897-1970)." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1987. Web. 27 Feb 2024. https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Bauman,_Harvey_Rosenberger_(1897-1970)&oldid=123761.
APA style
Bauman, Mary E. (1987). Bauman, Harvey Rosenberger (1897-1970). Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 27 February 2024, from https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Bauman,_Harvey_Rosenberger_(1897-1970)&oldid=123761.
Adapted by permission of Herald Press, Harrisonburg, Virginia, from Mennonite Encyclopedia, Vol. 5, p. 59. All rights reserved.
©1996-2024 by the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. All rights reserved.


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Boardgame Players Association Board of Director's Tenth Seat 2008 Jan. 20, 2009
This information provides insight into board decisions during the most recent meetings. If you have questions that you would like to see addressed here, submit your questions to the Board at firstname.lastname@example.com or to the Convention Director at firstname.lastname@example.com. See also Tenth Seat 2007, Tenth Seat 2006, Tenth Seat 2005 and WBC FAQs.
Hotel Contract Extension | GM Breakfast | WBC Expands to Week | New Format Added | Feedback
The 2008 Fall Board Meeting, although lacking some of the fireworks of past sessions, has been a long, drawn out affair which has yet to adjourn as this is written in the wake of another successful year for the World Boardgaming Championships. Like most sessions, much was discussed but little was changed as the pros and cons of various subjects were aired yet again without sufficient movement to cause much change in how things will be conducted going forward into 2009. What follows is a brief glimpse into what was decided for our organization's coming year.
HOTEL CONTRACT EXTENSION: The single most significant development was the negotiation and signing of a 5-year extension of our contract with Lancaster Host extending our stay in Lancaster, PA through 2015. The site extension agreement consumed most, but by no means all, of our time. The dates (including the preceding weekend pre-cons) are:
The new contract includes another option to purchase tables to enhance Host's inventory sufficiently for our needs while increasing our meeting space commitment. Guest room price increases were kept below the current rate of inflation thus assuring the WBC of a stable site which is both affordable and large enough to accommodate our ever growing needs. After review of improvements made by the current ownership including this past year's addition of a state-of-the-art poolside pavilion, the Board felt that Lancaster Host represented the best combination of value and size for our needs in the Mid-Atlantic region.
GM BREAKFAST: Discussion soon turned to whether we should continue last year's GM Breakfast. The Board's reaction seemed to mirror that of the majority of the GMs whose support was lukewarm. Approximately a third of the GMs who had RSVPed in the affirmative failed to show, and amongst those who did attend, the reaction ran the gamut from enthusiasm to a preference for staying in bed. Consequently, the Board decided to skip the Breakfast in 2009 and revisit the possibility again in the future. Thus, events will commence daily at 9 AM in 2009.
WBC EXPANDS TO ONE WEEK + PRE-CONS: Next on the agenda was a discussion of the increasing number of people arriving early in the week, many accompany other family members attending pre-cons. This was causing a problem in that we had not budgeted sufficient space to accommodate "open gamers" before WBC actually started. It also caused friction with those early arrivals wanting to pick up their badges before they were effective. Simply contracting for more space to accommodate them was inconsistent with charging for pre-cons while open gamers used the space for free. Since Open Gaming consumes nearly as many resources as tournament play, it is unfair to charge one group and not the other—especially since doing so provides a financial disincentive to compete—which goes against our very raison d'etre.
Our solution was to extend WBC to a full week and devote the extra day to Open Gaming and the demos of the Sampler Showcase. An expanded BPA Game Library will be available for free checkout of games provided by publishers throughout the week. Extra space has now been budgeted for Open Gaming so that early arrivals cannot only be accommodated but encouraged. A few tournaments will take place on Monday but not enough to conflict with each other or the Auction on Tuesday. Only the ongoing weekend Pre-Cons may overlap the auction. The former Monday Pre-Cons will now be included free of charge to normal WBC admissions.
All of this has been funded by raising the cost of the Sustaining membership for early pre-registrants $10 to $70 - the same price those who have joined after Jan 1st have been paying anyway. This keeps the cost of WBC attendance to the same $10 per day we've always charged. Only the December members saw an increase of any kind and they were compensated by receiving a free WBC T-Shirt and full color yearbook—either of which would cost $10 or more if sold separately. Bottom line—these changes go beyond being revenue neutral and should reduce our annual operating surplus to near break even levels if attendance remains steady.
NEW FORMAT ADDED: Lastly, we again discussed the discontent of some of the multiple heat, four-player events with the standard tie-breaker policies. Roughly, the issue is that there are still some GMs who dislike the standardized tie-breakers. Although we feel that standard tiebreakers provide a significant aide to the public and make the convention as a whole easier to understand, we have decided to allow an exception for the HMW format. The new format is called HMW/G. The first tie-breaker remains Most Wins. Any subsequent tiebreakers must be specified by the GM. Tie-breakers must be specified in the events preview page and approved by BPA no later than Feb 28th and no tie-breaker can involve adding an additional, unscheduled (i.e. fourth) round of play. Quarter-Finals must be approved and scheduled by BPA no later than Feb 28th.
FEEDBACK: Lastly, all members are reminded that they can get the ear of the Board for any WBC-related topic simply by emailing the Convention Director at email@example.com, or any Board member for that matter. All reasonable requests are aired for the entire Board during our annual meeting.


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He steered into the high school parking lot, clicked off the ignition and scanned the scraps of his recent weeks. Crinkled chip bags on the dashboard. Soda cups at his feet. And on the passenger seat, a rumpled SAT practice book whose owner had been told since fourth grade he was headed to the Ivy League. Pencils up in 20 minutes.
The boy exhaled. Before opening the car door, he recalled recently, he twisted open a capsule of orange powder and arranged it in a neat line on the armrest. He leaned over, closed one nostril and snorted it.
Throughout the parking lot, he said, eight of his friends did the same thing.
The drug was not cocaine or heroin, but Adderall, an amphetamine prescribed for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder that the boy said he and his friends routinely shared to study late into the night, focus during tests and ultimately get the grades worthy of their prestigious high school in an affluent suburb of New York City. The drug did more than just jolt them awake for the 8 a.m. SAT; it gave them a tunnel focus tailor-made for the marathon of tests long known to make or break college applications.
"Everyone in school either has a prescription or has a friend who does," the boy said.
At high schools across the United States, pressure over grades and competition for college admissions are encouraging students to abuse prescription stimulants, according to interviews with students, parents and doctors. Pills that have been a staple in some college and graduate school circles are going from rare to routine in many academically competitive high schools, where teenagers say they get them from friends, buy them from student dealers or fake symptoms to their parents and doctors to get prescriptions.
Of the more than 200 students, school officials, parents and others contacted for this article, about 40 agreed to share their experiences. Most students spoke on the condition that they be identified by only a first or middle name, or not at all, out of concern for their college prospects or their school systems' reputations — and their own.
"It's throughout all the private schools here," said DeAnsin Parker, a New York psychologist who treats many adolescents from affluent neighborhoods like the Upper East Side. "It's not as if there is one school where this is the culture. This is the culture."
Observed Gary Boggs, a special agent for the Drug Enforcement Administration, "We're seeing it all across the United States."
The D.E.A. lists prescription stimulants like Adderall and Vyvanse (amphetamines) and Ritalin and Focalin (methylphenidates) as Class 2 controlled substances — the same as cocaine and morphine — because they rank among the most addictive substances that have a medical use. (By comparison, the long-abused anti-anxiety drug Valium is in the lower Class 4.) So they carry high legal risks, too, as few teenagers appreciate that merely giving a friend an Adderall or Vyvanse pill is the same as selling it and can be prosecuted as a felony.
While these medicines tend to calm people with A.D.H.D., those without the disorder find that just one pill can jolt them with the energy and focus to push through all-night homework binges and stay awake during exams afterward. "It's like it does your work for you," said William, a recent graduate of the Birch Wathen Lenox School on the Upper East Side of Manhattan.
But abuse of prescription stimulants can lead to depression and mood swings (from sleep deprivation), heart irregularities and acute exhaustion or psychosis during withdrawal, doctors say. Little is known about the long-term effects of abuse of stimulants among the young. Drug counselors say that for some teenagers, the pills eventually become an entry to the abuse of painkillers and sleep aids.
"Once you break the seal on using pills, or any of that stuff, it's not scary anymore — especially when you're getting A's," said the boy who snorted Adderall in the parking lot. He spoke from the couch of his drug counselor, detailing how he later became addicted to the painkiller Percocet and eventually heroin.
Paul L. Hokemeyer, a family therapist at Caron Treatment Centers in Manhattan, said: "Children have prefrontal cortexes that are not fully developed, and we're changing the chemistry of the brain. That's what these drugs do. It's one thing if you have a real deficiency — the medicine is really important to those people — but not if your deficiency is not getting into Brown."
The number of prescriptions for A.D.H.D. medications dispensed for young people ages 10 to 19 has risen 26 percent since 2007, to almost 21 million yearly, according to IMS Health, a health care information company — a number that experts estimate corresponds to more than two million individuals. But there is no reliable research on how many high school students take stimulants as a study aid. Doctors and teenagers from more than 15 schools across the nation with high academic standards estimated that the portion of students who do so ranges from 15 percent to 40 percent.
"They're the A students, sometimes the B students, who are trying to get good grades," said one senior at Lower Merion High School in Ardmore, a Philadelphia suburb, who said he makes hundreds of dollars a week selling prescription drugs, usually priced at $5 to $20 per pill, to classmates as young as freshmen. "They're the quote-unquote good kids, basically."
The trend was driven home last month to Nan Radulovic, a social worker in Santa Monica, Calif. Within a few days, she said, an 11th grader, a ninth grader and an eighth grader asked for prescriptions for Adderall solely for better grades. From one girl, she recalled, it was not quite a request.
"If you don't give me the prescription," Ms. Radulovic said the girl told her, "I'll just get it from kids at school."
Keeping Everyone Happy
Madeleine surveyed her schedule of five Advanced Placement classes, field hockey and several other extracurricular activities and knew she could not handle it all. The first physics test of the year — inclines, friction, drag — loomed ominously over her college prospects. A star senior at her Roman Catholic school in Bethesda, Md., Madeleine knew a friend whose grades had gone from B's to A's after being prescribed Ritalin, so she asked her for a pill.
She got a 95. Thereafter, Madeleine recalled, she got Adderall and Vyvanse capsules the rest of the year from various classmates — not in exchange for money, she said, but for tutoring them in calculus or proofreading their English papers.
"Can I get a drink of water?" Madeleine said she would ask the teacher in one class, before excusing herself and heading to the water fountain. Making sure no one was watching, she would remove a 40-milligram Vyvanse capsule from her purse and swallow it. After 30 minutes, the buzz began, she said: laser focus, instant recall and the fortitude to crush any test in her path.
"People would have never looked at me and thought I used drugs like that — I wasn't that kid," said Madeleine, who has just completed her freshman year at an Ivy League college and continues to use stimulants occasionally. "It wasn't that hard of a decision. Do I want only four hours of sleep and be a mess, and then underperform on the test and then in field hockey? Or make the teachers happy and the coach happy and get good grades, get into a good college and make my parents happy?"
Madeleine estimated that one-third of her classmates at her small school, most of whom she knew well, used stimulants without a prescription to boost their scholastic performance. Many students across the United States made similar estimates for their schools, all of them emphasizing that the drugs were used not to get high, but mostly by conscientious students to work harder and meet ever-rising academic expectations.
These estimates can be neither confirmed nor refuted because little data captures this specific type of drug misuse. A respected annual survey financed by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, "Monitoring the Future," reports that abuse of prescription amphetamines by 10th and 12th graders nationally has actually dipped from the 1990s and is remaining relatively steady at about 10 percent.
However, some experts note that the survey does not focus on the demographic where they believe such abuse is rising steadily — students at high-pressure high schools — and also that many teenagers barely know that what they often call "study drugs" are in fact illegal amphetamines.
"Isn't it just like a vitamin?" asked one high school junior from Eastchester, a suburb of New York.
Liz Jorgensen, a licensed addiction specialist who runs Insight Counseling in Ridgefield, Conn., said her small center had treated "at least 50 or 60" high school students from southern Connecticut this school year alone who had abused prescription stimulants for academics. Ms. Jorgensen said some of those teenagers landed in rehab directly from the stimulants or, more often, grew comfortable with prescription drugs in general and began abusing prescription painkillers like OxyContin.
A spokesman for Shire, which manufactures Vyvanse and Adderall's extended-release capsules, said studies had shown no link between prescribed use of those drugs and later abuse.
Dr. Jeff Jonas, Shire's senior vice president for research and development, said that the company was greatly concerned about the misuse of its stimulants but that the rate was very small. "I'm not aware of any systematic data that suggests there's a widespread problem," he said. "You can always find people who testify that it happens."
Students who sell prescription stimulants to their classmates focus on their burdens and insecurities. One girl who sells to fellow students at Long Beach High School on Long Island said: "These kids would get in trouble if they don't do well in school. When people take tests, it's immediately, 'Who am I getting Adderall from?' They're always looking for it."
Every school identified in this article was contacted regarding statements by its students and stimulant abuse in general. Those that responded generally said that they were concerned about some teenagers turning to these drugs, but that their numbers were far smaller than the students said.
David Weiss, superintendent of Long Beach Public Schools, said the survey his district used to gauge student drug use asked about only prescription medications in general, not stimulants specifically.
"It has not been a surface issue for us — we're much more conscious of alcohol or other drug use," Mr. Weiss said in a telephone interview. "We haven't had word that it's a widespread issue."
Douglas Young, a spokesman for the Lower Merion School District outside Philadelphia, said prescription stimulant abuse was covered in various student-wellness initiatives as well as in the 10th-grade health curriculum. Mr. Young expressed frustration that many parents seemed oblivious to the problem.
"It's time for a serious wake-up call," Mr. Young said. "Straight A's and high SAT scores look great on paper, but they aren't reflective measures of a student's health and well-being. We need to better understand the pressures and temptations, and ultimately we need to embrace new definitions of student success. For many families and communities, that's simply not happening."
Fooling the Doctors
During an interview in March, the dealer at Lower Merion High reached into his pocket and pulled out the container for his daily stash of the prescription stimulants Concerta and Focalin: a hollowed-out bullet. Unlike his other products — marijuanaand heroin, which come from higher-level dealers — his amphetamines came from a more trusted, and trusting, source, he said.
"I lie to my psychiatrist — I expressed feelings I didn't really have, knowing the consequences of it," he said, standing in a park a few miles from the high school. "I tell the doctor, 'I find myself very distracted, and I feel this really deep pain inside, like I'm anxious all the time,' or something like that."
He coughed out a chuckle and added proudly, "Generally, if you keep playing the angsty-teen role, you'll get something good."
Christine, a junior sitting nearby, said she followed the well-known lines to get her drugs directly and legally, a script for scripts. "I'm not able to focus on schoolwork," she said in a mockingly anxious voice. "I'm constantly looking out the window." Although she often uses the drugs herself, snorting them for a faster and more intense effect, she said she preferred to save them for when her customers crave them most.
"Right before everybody took the PSATs, a bunch of kids went to the bathroom to snort their Addies," she said.
This is one of the more vexing problems with stimulants in high schools, experts said — the drugs enter the schools via students who get them legally, if not legitimately.
Older A.D.H.D. drugs required low doses every few hours, and schools, not wanting students to carry the drugs themselves, had the school nurse hold and dispense the pills. Newer long-lasting versions like Adderall XR and Vyvanse allow parents to give children a single dose in the morning, often unaware that the pills can go down a pants pocket as easily as the throat. Some students said they took their pills only during the week and gave their weekend pills to friends.
The mother of one high school freshman in Westchester County said she would open the kitchen cabinet every morning and watch her son take his prescribed dose of Ritalin. She noticed one day that the capsule was strangely airy and held it up to the light. It was empty.
"There were a few times we were short in the month, and I couldn't understand why," recalled the woman, whose son was in eighth grade at the time. "It never dawned on me until I found those empty capsules, and then I started discovering the little packets of powder. He was selling it to other kids."
A number of teenagers interviewed laughed at the ease with which they got some doctors to write prescriptions for A.D.H.D. The disorder's definition requires inattentiveness, hyperactivity or impulse control to present "clinically significant impairment" in at least two settings (school and home, for example), according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Crucially, some of this impairment must have been in evidence by age 7; a proper diagnosis for a teenager claiming to have A.D.H.D., several doctors said, requires interviewing parents, teachers and others to confirm that the problems existed long before.
Many youngsters with prescriptions said their doctors merely listened to their stories and took out their prescription pads. Dr. Hilda R. Roque, a primary-care physician in West New York, N.J., said she never prescribed A.D.H.D. medicine but knew many doctors who did. She said many parents could push as hard for prescriptions as their children did, telling her: "My child is not doing well in school. I understand there are meds he can take to make him smarter."
"To get a prescription for Adderall was the Golden Ticket — it really was," said William, the recent graduate of Birch Wathen in Manhattan.
A high school senior in Connecticut who has used his friend's Adderall for school said: "These are academic steroids. But usually, parents don't get the steroids for you."
As with the steroids taken by athletes, the downside of prescription stimulants appears after they provide the desired short-term competitive benefits. This was the case with a recent graduate of McLean High School in Virginia, one of the top public schools in the Washington area.
Late in his sophomore year, the boy wanted some help to raise his B average — far from what top colleges expected, especially from a McLean student. So he told his psychologist what she needed to hear for a diagnosis of A.D.H.D. — even gazing out the window during the appointment for effect — and was soon getting 30 pills of Adderall every month, 10 milligrams each. They worked. He focused late into the night studying, concentrated better during exams and got an A-minus average for his junior year.
"I wanted to do everything I could to get into the quote-unquote right school," he recalled recently.
As senior year began, when another round of SATs and one last set of good grades could put him over the top, the boy said he still had trouble concentrating. The doctor prescribed 30 milligrams a day. When college applications hit, he bought extra pills for $5 apiece from a girl in French class who had fooled her psychiatrist, too, and began taking several on some days.
The boy said that as his A-minus average continued through senior year, no one suspected that "a kid who went to Bible camp" and had so improved his grades could be abusing drugs. By the time he was accepted and had enrolled at a good but not great college, he was up to 300 milligrams a day — constantly taking more to stave off the inevitable crash.
One night, after he had taken about 400 milligrams, his heart started beating wildly. He began hallucinating and then convulsing. He was rushed to the emergency room and wound up spending seven months at a drug rehabilitation center.
To his surprise, two of 20 fellow patients there had also landed in rehab solely from abusing stimulants in high school.
"No one seems to think that it's a real thing — adults on the outside looking in," the boy said. "The other kids in rehab thought we weren't addicts because Adderall wasn't a real drug. It's so underestimated."
'No Way You'd Notice'
The Sklar family lives near the top of a daunting hill in Ardsley, a comfortable suburb north of New York City. Ardsley High School sends dozens of graduates every year to Ivy League-caliber colleges. When students there use Facebook, they all know that its founder, Mark Zuckerberg, once walked the same halls.
At their kitchen table after school last month, Dodi Sklar listened as her ninth-grade son, Jonathan, described how some classmates already abused stimulants — long before SATs and college applications. An accomplished student who said he would never join them, Jonathan described the ease with which he could.
"There's no way you'd notice — that's why so many kids are doing it," he told his mother. "I could say I'm going for a run, call someone I know who does it, get some pills from them, take them, come home and work. Just do it. You'd be just glad that I was studying hard."
His mother sighed. "As a parent you worry about driving, you worry about drinking, you worry about all kinds of health and mental issues, social issues," she said. "Now I have to worry about this, too? Really? This shouldn't be what they need to do to get where they want to."
Asked if the improper use of stimulants was cheating, students were split. Some considered that the extra studying hours and the heightened focus during exams amounted to an unfair advantage. Many countered that the drugs "don't give you the answers" and defended their use as a personal choice for test preparation, akin to tutoring.
One consensus was clear: users were becoming more common, they said, and some students who would rather not take the drugs would be compelled to join them because of the competition over class rank and colleges' interest.
A current law student in Manhattan, who said he dealt Adderall regularly while at his high school in Sarasota, Fla., said that insecurity was a main part of his sales pitch: that those students "would feel at a huge disadvantage," he said.
William, the recent Birch Wathen graduate, said prescription stimulants became a point of contention when a girl with otherwise middling grades suddenly improved her SAT score.
"There was an uproar among kids — some people were really proud of her, and some kids were really jealous and mad," he recalled. "I don't remember if she had a prescription, but she definitely took more than was prescribed. People would say, 'You're so smart,' and she'd say, 'It wasn't all me.' "
One sophomore at Harvard-Westlake School in Studio City, Calif., is unsure what his future holds. Enrolled at one of the top high schools on the West Coast, he said he tried a friend's Adderall this semester but disliked the sensation of his heart beating rapidly for hours. He vowed never to do it again.
But as he watches upperclassmen regularly abuse stimulants as they compete for top college slots, he is not quite sure.
"Junior and senior year is a whole new ballgame," the boy said. "I promised myself I wouldn't take it, but that can easily, easily change. I can be convinced."
By Alan Schwarz, The New York Times


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What is JEITA measuring standard?
About JEITA measuring standard.
JEITA stands for Japan Electronic Information Technology Association (Ver 1.0).
JEITA measuring standard is based on the following conditions.
1. Start up the system in the STAMINA mode.
2. Screen saver: None.
3. Volume control: Mute.
4. Switch off the Wireless LAN switch.
5. Complete the initial settings of Norton Internet Security.
6. Turn off the Windows automatic updates.
7. Change Wallpaper to VAIO Long Battery Life Wallpaper HighColor 1280*800.
8. Close Sidebar.
Common settings in Control Panel - Power Options
* Power Plan
1. Select VAIO Ultimate Battery
* VAIO Ultimate Battery is hidden under Show additional plans by default.
* Plan Settings
1. Turn off the display: Never
2. Put the computer to sleep: Never
* VAIO Power Management
Go to Change advanced power settings - VAIO Power Management - Advanced button
1. Leave Enable VAIO Power Management selected.
2. Disable Automatically hibernate when computer goes into a low-power state.
Note: Calculate the battery run time as follows: [(measurement method a) + (measurement method b)] / 2.
JEITA Measuring Method A:
At a display luminous intensity of 20 cd, measure the continuous playback time of one MPEG moving image file read from a hard disk.
To get the MPEG file, please click here.
* Display Brightness
Go to Power Options - Advanced settings
1. Set Display Brightness - On battery: 28%[Type:White LED]
1. Set Display Brightness - On battery: 16%[Type:Single Lamp]
JEITA Measuring Method B:
* Display Brightness
Go to Power Options - Advanced settings
1. Set Display Brightness - On battery: 0%
For more information on JEITA Battery Run Time Measurement Method for VAIO notebook, please click here.


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LOS ANGELES — Banks are increasingly extending auto-loan financing to borrowers with less-than-sterling credit, a trend that's contributing to a higher rate of missed loan payments.
The rate of U.S. auto-loan payments late by 60 days or more rose to 0.88 percent in the first three months of the year, credit reporting agency TransUnion said Tuesday.
That's up from 0.82 percent in the first quarter last year, but down from 1 percent in the last three months of 2012, the firm said.
Among subprime borrowers, or those whom lenders deem a higher credit risk because of their track record of managing debt, the delinquency rate jumped to 5.5 percent in the first quarter from 5.09 percent a year earlier.
Steady job gains, low interest rates and improving consumer confidence have helped spur U.S. sales of cars and trucks. Many Americans are moving to replace older vehicles after holding back on purchases for several years following the last recession. Vehicle sales climbed 8 percent in May to 1.4 million.
Lenders have responded, making loans available to more borrowers, even those with less-than-perfect credit.
"Lenders have determined that their portfolios can handle additional risk at this point in the business cycle," said Peter Turek, automotive vice president at TransUnion.
As lenders continue to increase financing to high-risk borrowers, there's a greater chance those borrowers could fall behind on payments, Turek added.
Subprime borrowers accounted for 15 percent of all U.S. auto loans in the first quarter, unchanged from a year earlier. That share of all auto loans remains smaller than it was in the first three months of 2009, when subprime loans made up 20.3 percent of all auto loans, according to TransUnion.
All told, auto loan volume grew 6.1 percent in the first quarter versus the same period last year.
As lending has picked up, so have average balances on auto loans.
One reason for that is that banks are making more auto loans, which tend to have higher balances early on, as it typically takes several years for borrowers to pay them down.
For the January-March period, the average balance of a U.S. auto loan was $13,260, up 4 percent from $12,755 in the same period last year, the firm said.
Among subprime borrowers, the average auto loan balance grew 6.6 percent to $12,006 in the first quarter.


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NASHUA, N.H. -- Like many New Hampshire voters, Dave Montgomery considers himself a dyed-in-the-wool independent -- which in this state means he can vote in either the Republican or Democratic presidential primary when he goes to the polls Jan. 8.Howie P.S.: H/t to Mr. Smith.
This year, the semi-retired school bus driver from Milford finds himself torn between two candidates, one from each party: Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz.) and Sen. Barack Obama (D-Ill.).Montgomery likes McCain, he said, because "he seems to be enough of a rebel." He likes Obama for pretty much the same reason -- because he seems to be "his own man."
"I think either one of them could do the job," he said.
Independents like Montgomery may be the decisive factor for both major parties when New Hampshire holds the nation's first primary next week, hot on the heel's of Iowa's caucuses on Thursday. And the choices these nonaligned New Hampshire voters make almost assuredly will shape the nation's later primary races.
"This big group in the middle . . . has a chance to really transform the election," said Tom Rath, a veteran New Hampshire Republican strategist who is advising former Gov. Mitt Romney (R-Mass.). Describing the efforts to woo independents, he added: "It's more like a general election here."
If Obama bests national front runner Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton (D-N.Y.), he probably will owe his New Hampshire victory to independents, a Los Angeles Times/Bloomberg poll suggested last week.
Among the state's registered Democrats, the survey found Clinton led Obama, 35% to 28%. But among independents who plan to vote in the Democratic primary, Obama led, 37% to 24% -- turning the contest into a virtual tie.
In a sense, a win for Obama would be a mirror image of McCain's primary victory in 2000, when he derailed GOP front- runner George W. Bush, largely because New Hampshire independents flocked to his side. Bush went on to win the nomination by rallying party regulars in later primaries -- a strategy Clinton no doubt would pursue.
And Obama's strength among independents now looms as a problem for McCain.
The Republican's campaign, after struggling mightily this year, has regained some of its footing and is hoping a New Hampshire win could propel him to success in later primaries. But he may fall short in the Granite State, in part because so many independents are choosing Obama.
The Times/Bloomberg poll found that among New Hampshire independents who have chosen the party primary in which they will cast a ballot, 61% said they planned to vote in the Democratic race, 39% in the GOP contest. And among those who have decided whom they will support, more than twice as many said they planned to back Obama, compared to McCain.
These voters include retiree Stephen Winship, 88, who plans to vote for Obama.
Winship said he supported McCain eight years ago "because he was candid," but won't do so now, in part because he disagrees with him over the Iraq war. McCain "has a conservative frame of mind and military background, so I think he would very much like to see this succeed," Winship said. "I think we need to get out."
Winship's shift reflects a broader trend among New Hampshire independents: Over the last eight years, they have drifted to the left.
On major issues, the Times/Bloomberg poll found that the state's independents tended to agree with Democrats more than with Republicans. For instance, asked to name the issues they considered top priorities, independents most frequently cited Iraq, healthcare and the economy -- the same ones that dominated among Democrats. The state's Republicans, by contrast, cited illegal immigration and national security first, followed by the economy and Iraq.
On Iraq, 74% of independents said they favored withdrawing U.S. troops within a year -- a view shared by 98% of Democrats, but just 33% of Republicans.
Independents often have had an outsized effect in New Hampshire's presidential primaries. In 1992, they bolstered Republican Patrick J. Buchanan to a strong second place that embarrassed President George H.W. Bush. And in 1996, they were key to Buchanan edging then-Sen. Bob Dole (R-Kan.), the front-runner who went on to claim the GOP nomination.
The more pronounced Democratic tilt among the state's independents surfaced in 2004, when they helped the party's presidential candidate, Sen. John F. Kerry of Massachusetts, carry New Hampshire's electoral votes in the general election.
The change was more marked in what Republicans here call "the 2006 tsunami" that saw Democrats capture both houses of the New Hampshire Legislature for the first time in 132 years and sweep out two incumbent GOP members of Congress.
Obama and McCain, as they have courted New Hampshire independents of late, are acutely aware that they are competing not only with rivals in their own parties, but with each other.
One of Obama's final New Hampshire stops before focusing on Iowa was in Exeter, which claims to be the birthplace of the Republican Party. He met with a small group of undeclared voters and clearly sought to touch on themes that would appeal to them.
"My goal is to campaign in a way that taps into independents, that taps into common sense and pragmatism, that doesn't demonize anybody out there," he said. "In that way I hope I can create a working majority for change."
McCain frequently highlights his ability to work with a Democratic majority in Congress, a message more pleasing to centrists than partisan Republicans.
At a recent visit to a high-tech company in Salem -- shortly after McCain was endorsed by Sen. Joe Lieberman of Connecticut, a Democrat-turned-independent -- he bragged that he could march into the office of Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-Nev.) and say, "Harry, let's sit down and fix Social Security."
McCain told reporters after the event that he sensed "some movement" among independents, but acknowledged that he was not sure whether it was "wishful thinking or reality."
His advisors acknowledge that independents, despite his courtship, are unlikely to flock to the current McCain campaign in the massive numbers that marked the 2000 vote. But the McCain camp can live with that.
"The last time, when [undeclared voters] moved as a pack, it meant we won by 19 [percentage] points," said McCain advisor Charles Black. "We just want to win by one point."
In conversations with voters, it is clear that McCain's strong support for an open-ended commitment of U.S. troops to Iraq has alienated some independents.
Power company lineman Brad Soucie, 32, of Canterbury said he would have been "a McCain man, no questions asked," in another election year. "I just think with McCain, there might be a little too much more of the same. . . . The big chest, kind of world-police mentality," said Soucie, a relative newcomer to the state who had not decided on a candidate.
For others, the Democratic field is more exciting.
Carol Walker Aten, who heads an Exeter nonprofit, says she still admires McCain's independence, which drew her to him in 2000. But she had narrowed her choice to Democrats Obama and former Sen. John Edwards of North Carolina. "We really need a change," she said.
Indra Edmonds, 40, a stay-at-home mom who voted for McCain in 2000, said, "He's not the same person" now.
"He struck me as the guy out to meet America on his bus the first time around," said Edmonds, who lives in Strafford. "This time around, he's using different tactics. He doesn't seem as enthusiastic and fresh."
She backs Obama, saying he's "younger, he's still more positive and he hasn't been there so long that he's bitter or negative."
She said she devoured Obama's book, "The Audacity of Hope," as she had McCain's autobiography -- and found similarities between the two. "I like their character; they're not big-government people," she said.
Though she was not budging from Obama, she added that, when the New Hampshire primary is over, "if it comes down to McCain versus a different Democrat, I'm back with McCain."
Barack Obama


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In the past four decades, American attitudes have changed markedly on gay marriage, smoking, bullying and a host of other cultural issues.
But on Roe v. Wade, the 1973 Supreme Court decision that legalized abortion, public opinion today looks much as it did back then.
When it comes to American views on the legality of abortion, "the trend lines look about as flat as they can be," said Daniel Cox, research director at the nonpartisan Public Religion Research Institute.
Just a few years after the justices decided Roe, Gallup pollsters began asking Americans about abortion. In 1975, 54 percent said it should be legal only under certain circumstances; last year, that figure was virtually unchanged, at 52 percent.
And the Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life this month found that 63 percent of Americans don't want Roe overturned, a mere 3-percentage-point increase from 1992.
In more recent years, opinions on the morality of abortion have remained similarly stable, with about half of Americans (47 percent) calling it "morally wrong" and four in 10 considering it "morally acceptable" or "not a moral issue," according to Pew.
So there you have the general, seemingly static American view on abortion: a lot of us aren't comfortable with it, and favor some restrictions — but most want it to remain legal.
But are Americans' feelings about abortion really so stagnant? On either side of the debate, are views simply passed down from parents to children, like eye color?
Dig a little deeper, say those who study public opinion and abortion, and you'll find some interesting changes over time — some within various religious groups, and others that cross religious lines.
One dramatic change that social scientists have tracked in recent years is the salience of the issue — the degree of importance people attach to it. As the Pew study shows, abortion's salience has dropped dramatically.
In 2006, one in three Americans (32 percent) said abortion is "not that important" compared to other issues. This month, more than half, (53 percent) held that view.
David P. Gushee, professor of Christian ethics at Mercer University, said the trend is evident in his own classroom, where for 20 years, he has asked his students to write a term paper on a topic of their own choosing.
He used to get a sizable stack of papers about abortion; now it's far less common.
"I think students consider it a stalemate, and are moving onto issues where they feel they can make more of a difference," said Gushee. "I have some students who have a moral problem with abortion, others don't see it as a problem, but the energy is not there."
Another way Americans may be thinking differently about abortion is in their relative unwillingness to be labeled on one side of the argument or the other, as "pro-choice" or "pro-life."
A 2010 study by the Barna Group found that 15 percent of Americans wanted abortion to be legal in every situation, and 19 percent wanted it to be illegal in every situation; 57 percent, meanwhile, expressed an opinion that was either mildly supportive or unsupportive.
Compared to data from the 1990s and early 2000s, "Americans are more likely these days to take a middle ground," the study concluded.
President Obama, who supports abortion rights, hoped to lay claim to this middle ground when, in a 2009 speech at the University of Notre Dame, he exhorted both sides of the debate to come together where they can — in preventing teenage pregnancy, for example.
And weeks into Obama's first term, when he established the White House's Office of Faith-based and Neighborhood Partnerships, it named "reduce the need for abortion" as one of its goals.
(Anti-abortion groups, meanwhile, say Obama has shown himself to be nothing but partisan on the issue, and point to his administration's 2011 contraceptive mandate, which they claim also requires employers to fund health plans for medication that could result in an abortion.)
Shifting views on abortion since Roe are perhaps most visible within certain religious groups, particularly Catholics and conservative Protestants.
In 2009, Gallup released a poll showing that Catholics, who had in the past more readily accepted Catholic teaching against abortion, now shared views that reflected those of Americans in general: there was just a 1-point difference on whether abortion is "morally acceptable" between Catholics (40 percent) and non-Catholics (41 percent).
The latest Pew study, which asked a different question on abortion, showed that 73 percent of white evangelical Protestants consider abortion to be morally wrong — outpacing Catholics (58 percent) as the religious group most opposed to abortion.
"Where traditionally it was Catholics who were more opposed to abortion, that's changed in a dramatic fashion," said Cox, of the Public Religion Research Institute. "Now it's white evangelical Protestants who are most opposed."