text:
Illusory Memories Can Have Salutary Effects
"False memories tend to get a bad rap," says developmental psychologist Mark L. Howe, of Lancaster University in England. Indeed, remembering events incorrectly or remembering events that didn't happen can have grave consequences, such as the criminal conviction of an innocent person. "But false memories are a natural outcropping of memory in general. They must have some positive effect, too."
That argument—that memory illusions were evolutionarily adaptive and remain useful for psychological well being and problem-solving—is the subject of an intriguing paper in Current Directions in Psychological Science, a journal published by the Association for Psychological Science.
Obviously, the evolution of accurate memory—for the location of food, the appearance of a predator, or the smell of a potential mate—was critical to human survival. Howe cites findings in evolutionary psychology that the more relevant a memory is to survival, the more likely it is to be evinced.
But memory is a flexible process of taking in new information and blending it with what is already there, selecting or forgetting portions of experience; it inevitably leads to errors small or large. Not only do we regularly generate false memories, says Howe, but, perhaps because we create them ourselves, those illusions are more tenacious than facts.
In some instance, such illusions may have enhanced our ancestors' survival. "The animal that goes to a favorite food-foraging location and sees signs that a predator was there—but not the predator itself—may be on guard the next time. But the creature that falsely remembers the predator was actually there might be even more cautious"—extra protection against getting eaten if the bad guy shows up.
Memory illusions, like illusions generally, can still be salutary. An inflated self-concept may result in greater confidence, which fuels success. Similarly, remembering your childhood as happier than it was may help you have more satisfying intimate relationships in adulthood. The "placebo effect"—believing the sugar pill is real medicine—can cure the ailment without side effects. False memories sometimes have a related outcome: Howe cites a study in which children who came to remember a lumbar puncture as less painful than it was were able to tolerate the procedure with more ease the next time. False memories can also help in problem solving. Howe and colleagues conducted experiments in which they gave children a list of words—nap, doze, dream, pillow, bed. Those who falsely remembered that sleep was also on the list did better on a complex associative task involving that word than those who did not generate the illusion.
Memory, Howe suggests, does not work like a video recorder. "Memory is designed to extract meaning from experience: At the foraging place, something bad was going on. You don't need the exact information to get the meaning."
The point of the paper is not to exaggerate the value of illusion, says Howe. "Memories true or false can have a negative or positive effect, depending on the context. The key point is: Just because a memory is false doesn't make it bad."


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If you wish to join in the discussions or use the other advanced features available, you will need to register first. Registration is absolutely free and takes only a few minutes to complete so sign up today!
Kick: (1) using a specific part of anatomy, with a specific amount of force, on a specific object, aimed in a specific direction, usually for a specific purpose, (2) to move or strike with the foot, (3) a temporary stimulant effect of thrill, power, focus, and interest, (4) the recoil of a gun, (5) to give up a habit or tendency, (6) a heavy repetitive beat in music or as a final note
Ass: (1) another specific part of anatomy used best for sitting on not thinking or speaking from, (2) a negative character trait though often an accurate and offensive description, (3) an animal resembling a horse with long ears, (4) what needs to be covered to protect one's self, (5) what need to be hauled to pick up the pace, (6) what is in a sling when you are in trouble
Kindness: a positive thought, feeling, or behavior of (1) empathy, (2) compassion, (3) gentleness, (4) thoughtfulness, (5) helpfulness, and (6) humanity
Kindred: (1) of the same kind, (2) similar, (3) an affinity, (4) a sense of belonging, (5) associated with Spirit: (1) anything beyond the physical (2) life force, (3) enthusiasm, (4) disposition, personality, and temperament, (5) attitude or state of mind, (6) group loyalty, (7) important influence, (8) real meaning, (9) shared outlook, (10) soul
Lynn Seiser (b. 1950 Pontiac, Michigan), Ph.D. has been a perpetual student of martial arts, CQC/H2H, FMA/JKD, and other fighting systems for over 40 years. He currently holds the rank of Yondan (4th degree black belt) from Sensei Andrew Sato of the Aikido World Alliance and Sandan (3rd degree Black Belt) from Sensei Dang Thong Phong of the International Tenshinkai Aikido Federation. He is the co-author of three books on Aikido (with Phong Sensei) and his martial art articles have appeared in Black Belt Magazine, Aikido Today Magazine, and Martial Arts and Combat Sports Magazine. He is the founder of Aiki-Solutions and IdentityTherapy and is an internationally respected psychotherapist in the clinical treatment of offenders, victims, and families of violence, trauma, abuse, and addiction. He is a professor of clinical and forensic psychology with an expertise in family violence and treatment. He currently lives in Marietta, GA and trains and teaches at Kyushinkan Dojo, Roswell Budokan.

subset: commoncrawl


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Wheezy and the ssh client
All of the following assumes you are using Wheezy Ok so I am a command line junkie and I don't think putty installs by default but if you go to command line and type the following. You can do this from terminal if you have your X Window autostart
sudo apt-get update
sudoapt-get upgrade
Depending on how long ago our image was created the time for this to run varies (mine took ages)this just makes sure your up to date
sudo apt-get install putty
after this go to your X-Window
Ok so now you go to the LXDE icon bottom left of the screen the grey bana skin that goes blue when you hover over it click then hover over internet and choose PuTTY SSH Client from the sub menu.
When the window pops up its a standard putty window there's loads of help on line but you need to know th IP address of the host target server.
Type a name in the Saved Sessions box and save it will save you time later then click open.
A first time login will give you a warning box don't worry this is normal just accept and you will have a SSH session window open ready to login.


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Mother birds deposit variable amounts of antioxidants into egg yolks, and it has long been theorized that females invest more in offspring sired by better quality males. However, a study from the November/December 2006 issue of Physiological and Biochemical Zoology shows that even ugly birds get their day. Providing new insight into the strategic basis behind resource allocation in eggs, the researchers found that female house finches deposit significantly more antioxidants, which protect the embryo during the developmental process, into eggs sired by less attractive fathers.
"For female birds, an important aspect of parental investment is the resources allocated to eggs," writes Dr. Kristen J. Navara (Auburn University and Ohio State University) and her coauthors. "The resources available to any female for reproduction and self-maintenance will be finite and she will inevitably be faced with decisions regarding how much resource to invest in each egg in each clutch she lays."
Male house finches display nutrition-linked plumage ranging in color from bright red to drab yellow. The researchers found that eggs sired by unattractive males (those with less brilliant feathers) had more total antioxidants, including 2.5 times the vitamin E levels, than eggs sired by males with redder, more saturated plumage. Thus, they explain, the deposition of more nutrients could represent compensation for the disadvantages experienced by an offspring from a lower quality male, allowing females to supersede limitations of a suboptimal pairing on her own reproductive success.
"For house finches, a species in which individuals are short-lived [and] present a high risk of death, a focus on the immediate reproductive attempts may be the only viable strategy," write the researchers. "By depositing antioxidants in a compensatory manner, females can maximize the reproductive output from the current nesting effort."
Source : University of Chicago Press Journals


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Privacy policy
OneGeology are committed to protecting your privacy online. We will treat any personal information (which means data from which you can be identified, including your name, address, e-mail address and the like) that you provide to us, or that we obtain from you, in accordance with the provisions of the Data Protection Act of 1998. This Privacy Policy sets out the way we deal with personal information.
Your personal information will be held by the OneGeology secretariat
Any information obtained via this web site, or any other website controlled by OneGeology, will be held by the:
OneGeology secretariat, currently based at:
British Geological Survey
United Kingdom
We will not provide it to any third parties without your permission unless we are required, by law, to do so.
What personal information do we obtain and how do we obtain it?
When you request a particular service or offering, we ask you to provide the personal information that we require in order to provide the service to you in accordance with our usual operating procedures and quality standards.
What use do we make of personal information?
We do not sell, trade or rent your information to other parties. Your personal information will be used only for the purposes of communicating with you in relation to our products and services, or for system administration of the web server.
How do we protect your personal information?
We use all reasonable endeavours to protect personal information from loss, misuse or alteration, and have appropriate security measures in place to assist us to do so. Only authorised employees, who are under appropriate confidentiality obligations, will have access to your personal information. However, (where applicable) you will be responsible for, and must take all due care to protect, any user ID or password that we have provided or may, in the future, provide for your use on our web sites.
How can you amend your personal information, or ask us to remove it?
This can be done at any time by e-mailing us or by writing to us at the address set out above.


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Accounts Senior
- Recruiter
- Azets
- Location
- Cardiff
- Salary
- Competitive salary + benefits
- Posted
- 28 Sep 2022
- Closes
- 28 Oct 2022
- Ref
- Approved employers
- Approved employer
- Job role
- Accountant, Business analyst
- Sector
- Accounting - Public practice
- Contract type
- Permanent
- Hours
- Full time
- Experience level
- Newly qualified
Newly qualified Accountant, Client Services, Accountancy Services, Business Services
Competitive Salary + Benefits
Are you looking to take the next step on your journey? Do you want to be part of an international family whose vision is "To make their services smarter, more effective, and more personal every day"? If yes, then you could be our next investment! At Azets, you're in control of your career and with our support this will make us even stronger, together.
Our motto when it comes to career development is"Your Journey, Your Voice, Your Success".
Azets is an award-winning leading firm of Accountants and Business Advisers operating across the UK and the Nordics. We are a family of over 6,500 employees and work across over 80 offices in the UK alone. We have seen dramatic growth in recent years which has made us the 9th largest accountancy firm in the UK, and we are over the moon to have been awarded Accountancy Firm of the Year in the FD Excellence Survey 2020. As a result of this growth, we are now looking to invest in our skills set even further!
For us, the personal attributes of each of our employees is what makes us authentic in the marketplace. We look for people who can not only collaborate with peers but can also bring their own voice to the table. We want people who are dynamic in their approach and respectful of other people's opinions. We're looking for someone who wants to join a family of like-minded individuals and be more than just a team member.
As part of your role as an Accounts and Business Services Senior you will be working to produce more complex annual statutory accounts for clients while starting to offer advice on best practice and recommendations for partner review. As well as providing support to your clients from an accounting perspective, you will also be working with more junior team members as a mentor to answer day to day queries and guide their journey.
Once qualified, your journey will continue via mentorship by the senior management team to provide soft skills development such as more effective client management and also steps towards staff management. Mentorship and coaching will continue to support you as your journey continues beyond formal qualifications.
"You will be joining a forward-thinking, progressive team with a supportive and friendly atmosphere. The role provides an exciting opportunity for a talented senior to become involved in a diverse and interesting SME client portfolio. Excellent on-the-job training will be provided. "
What's in it for you?- 33 days annual leave (31 for Students with study package and 38 for Partners) inc.bank holidays
- Birthday Day off
- Lead Incentive Scheme (applicable to up to and including Associate Director level)
-We offer generous financial rewards for helping Azets to grow our new client portfolio. - Reimbursement of one professional subscription each year
- Private Medical Cover (applicable to Director/Partner level)
- Enhanced Parental + Family leave - We want Azets to be a place where you can combine both a career and a family so those going on Maternity Leave can expect 100% pay for 3 months and 50% pay for the next 3 months, those going on Paternity Leave can expect 100% pay for 2 weeks (both subject to eligibility) and our Adoption Leave policy follows the same arrangements.
- Flexible Working - Azets understand that as with any family, we all work indifferent ways and need flexibility within our working day and therefore we operate a flexible working policy.
- Life Assurance - 4 times salary
- Employee Referral Bonus
- Employee Benefits Portal
- Access to our YuLife wellbeing app –Includes EAP, 24/7 GP access, retail vouchers and discounts, free digital will writing, discounted gym memberships, etc.
- Pension
- Paid sick leave
- Career Coaching
- Cycle to work scheme
- Employee assistance program - For you and your family.
- Dress for your day
- Extensive Learning & Development Opportunities and Study Support
Our values are at the heart of everything we do. We're looking for people who also believe in these drivers as we work together to achieve success for both our colleagues and our clients alike. As a business, we believe we are stronger together. We share knowledge, ask for help and empower each other to achieve more collectively. We are open-minded and value everyone's contribution, embracing our differences and fostering a culture of trust and inclusion. We look for people who adapt quickly to change, finding smart ways to deliver the best results and remain one step ahead. Does this sound like you?
Why join the Azets family?The relationship that we have with our colleagues is of the upmost importance to us as a business. Your voice is important to us. Attracting and retaining the right people who will deliver the level of service that our clients expect is key to both our and your success.
We offer training and development opportunities to all employees and nurture talent from all backgrounds. This helps us to grow our own and bring out the very best in people.
Similar jobs


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iHeartRadio [Ad-Free] APK
Stream unlimited music, thousands of live radio stations, podcasts and playlists for any mood or activity, all in one app. The iHeartRadio app for Android Phone and Tablet is easy to use and best of all, it's FREE.
Download the iHeartRadio Android app today and start listening to your favorite live radio stations, podcasts and music playlists!
The Best Live & Local Radio Stations
• Discover thousands of local AM and FM radio stations live near you and from cities across the globe.
• Our Radio App allows you to tune in to top radio stations, music, breaking news, sports, talk and comedy radio shows.
• Hear sports radio stations like ESPN Radio, Fox Sports Radio, FNTSY Sports Radio, and more.
• Listen to top sports personalities discuss the latest news around the NFL, MLB, NBA, NHL, NCAA, Soccer, Golf, and Tennis.
The iHeartRadio Podcast App – now #1 for Podcasts
• Our Podcast App features the most popular podcasts from NPR, Gimlet, How Stuff Works, ESPN Podcasts, Big Money Players Network, TED, Wondery, and from popular personalities like The Ron Burgundy Podcast, Anna Faris Is Unqualified Podcast, The Herd with Colin Cowherd Podcast, The Joe Rogan Podcast, Ben Shapiro Podcast, Bobby Bones Podcast, Armchair Expert with Dax Shepard, Chelsea Handler Podcast, and more.
• Follow your favorite podcasts and download podcast episodes to your Android device to listen offline, without the need for WiFi.
• Explore popular and trending shows with our iHeartRadio Podcast App charts. The Top 100 Chart refreshes every Monday.
• Our podcast app and podcast player allow you to experience podcast playback at your desired speed of 0.5x, 1x, 1.25x, 1.5x, and 2x.
Free Music Playlists – perfect for any moment
• Listen to thousands of hand curated song playlists on the free iHeartRadio Playlist App. Organized by mood, activity, decade and genre to make it easy to find something that's the perfect soundtrack for any moment.
• Enjoy the sound of 'Your Weekly Mixtape' – music discovery made easy. A weekly playlist of songs we've curated based on the music you love and the music you're listening to right now. We'll refresh your mixtape every Monday with a new batch of tracks we know you'll vibe to throughout your week.
• Explore our Cloud based audio options directly from your phone.
Play Free Artist Radio Stations
• Use our library of millions of songs to create personalized music stations based on your favorite artists and genres like Country, Top 40, Pop, Hip Hop, R&B, EDM, Rock, Alternative, Classical, Indie, Folk, Gospel, Christian, Dance, and more.
The Ultimate Station Made Just for You
• 'My Favorites Radio' collects all of the songs you love in one free personalized station.
How to Install ?
- Download the Cracked Apk from below Link
- Install it on your device
- Done, Enjoy !
Downloads Links


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On Wednesday, a judge decided to hold Aaron Hernandez without bail pending further proceedings in his murder case.
Those further proceedings could happen as soon as Thursday.
Per a source with knowledge of the situation, Hernandez will appeal the initial decision via a hearing to be held this week.
In 2000, a judge in Georgia initially decided to hold former Ravens linebacker Ray Lewis without bail after he was charged with murder. Less than two weeks later, Lewis was released on $1 million bail.
For Hernandez, the key question is whether he presents a flight risk. Apart from the modern techniques for digitally monitoring his whereabouts, the media has been staked out at his North Attleboro home on a round-the-clock basis. It's unlikely, however, that the media presence will continue through the trial of the case, which could happen at some point in early 2014.


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Sail Away began as an idea in 2007 for a business that could be operated from anywhere in the world while living aboard a sailboat. After quite a bit of planning and dreaming, the Web Design portion became the best method and was added to the plan and title. The business philosophy for Sail Away revolves around my passion for travel and the desire to offer my services at a fair price.
The business has expanded from web design to include photography, fine art printing and art reproduction. In 2010, I purchased a beautiful 27 foot Pacific Seacraft Orion named Arcturus and currently live aboard while traveling around. The goal is to reduce my debt and set off to sail into world with an open ended time frame. Make sure to check out my blog on sailawaywebdesign.com to see how the plan is quickly becoming reality!


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The critics of David Cameron's recent speech on Europe are staring in the rearview mirror. They extol a European Union that brought peace, contributed to security in the cold war, and fostered regional integration that met 20th century needs. These are historic accomplishments. But that world is past.
I am not a nostalgic Anglophile, though I am fond of Britain. Some 20 years ago, in opposition to the UK government, I supported Germany's unification and EU integration. My view today is based on a global assessment of how the European Union and Britain must again adapt. The United States and the world benefit from an economically healthy, open European Union that accommodates national diversity and is grounded in democratic choice.
Instead of lecturing Britons with old talking points that they would not accept themselves, Americans should be listening to Mr. Cameron. By looking ahead, the UK prime minister's speech could turn out to be a rare statement that moves the arrow on the future's compass.
First, Mr. Cameron recognizes that Britain and the European Union must be more competitive in a fast-changing world economy. The European Union of the 20th century was preoccupied with forging a regional market among advanced economies; yet over the past five years, two-thirds of global growth has come from developing economies. Over the past decade, the share of developed country exports to developing markets rose from 25 to 45 percent. To compete, Europeans will need structural reforms, not just fiscal and monetary policy patches.
Some structural reforms take time to produce benefits. But labor market flexibility and an approach that supports small business can produce jobs quickly. So Mr. Cameron is challenging EU social and work policies. He wants the single market to extend to more services. As a world leader in financial services, the United Kingdom needs banking safeguards that do not strangle a key industry. EU policies also threaten innovation in energy, agriculture, and the life sciences. As Gordon Brown showed when he resisted adopting the euro, Britain—an advanced economy with more than 60 million people—should be willing to defend its beliefs and interests.
Second, Mr. Cameron recognizes that the euro area crisis will change the European Union. Because the euro area's trials demand a fiscal union, he shifted Britain's historic resistance to deeper integration. He accepts that there will need to be different approaches for various EU members.
No one can foresee how these arrangements will turn out. Mr. Cameron is acknowledging the reality that EU states will need to debate and negotiate the outcome, and he is expressing UK interests. One of his principles—to move governmental authority closer to citizens—simply presses the European Union to apply its own subsidiarity policy.
Third, it is now up to British diplomacy to determine whether Mr. Cameron makes history or merely a speech. London needs to develop partners, issue by issue. It will not be sufficient just to back the single market and cast protest votes. To achieve Mr. Cameron's aims, his ministers will need to build trust and ties with counterparts, persistently and consistently, not just leaving the work to traditional diplomacy.
Earlier this year, I listened to George Osborne, UK chancellor of the exchequer, present his case for the European Union to a group of German chief executives. They liked what they heard. Germany exports more to Britain than to China.
Berlin is the key to Mr. Cameron's strategy. While committed to deeper integration, German leaders might value the UK economic perspective and appreciate that the new European Union will need flexibility, as long as Britain remains on board.
Similarly, Britain can build allies among smaller European states if it convinces them it prefers coalitions to splendid isolation. France's dirigiste economic policies may obstruct UK aims—though Anglo-French military cooperation enhances the European Union. But, if Paris does not make structural reforms Germany and the euro area will have a larger worry.
Finally, Mr. Cameron's political judgment, in uniting the Tories and undermining the UK Independence party, is worthy of a nod from Disraeli. The Labour opposition will have to decide whether it opposes letting the public vote on such a key issue. Mr. Cameron's position also presses other European leaders to consult their voters. The European Union always has been an elite project; as it adapts, these elites should persuade their citizens, too.
Mr. Cameron stated that he prefers the United Kingdom to remain in a healthy, more competitive European Union. He countered British opponents of the European Union with arguments about its benefits. Now UK business should help Mr. Cameron. So should the Labour party. And the United States.
I hope Britain succeeds. The road ahead will not be easy. A Britain that did not try to shape its future, however, would be acquiescing to some future as "West Saxony" or "Normandy Nord." That would not be worthy of the Britons I have read about, worked with, and respected.


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Published: June 2013
Pages: 150
Author(s): Gerald Hayes and Gary J. Wiles
Executive Summary
Bats are the only mammals capable of true flight, and are second only to rodents in the number of species worldwide. They are found on every continent except Antarctica, with 47 species present in the United States. Washington is home to 15 bat species: the big brown bat, California myotis, canyon bat, fringed myotis, hoary bat, Keen's myotis, little brown myotis, long-legged myotis, pallid bat, silver-haired bat, spotted bat, Townsend's big-eared bat, western long-eared myotis, western small-footed myotis, and Yuma myotis.
Bats are the primary vertebrate predators of night flying insects and play an essential role in ecosystem function and human economies. In North America, bats provide an estimated benefit of nearly $4 billion annually to the agricultural industry by preying on agricultural pests. None of the bat species that occur in Washington are listed as endangered or threatened under federal or state law, but two species, Keen's myotis and Townsend's big-eared bat, are classified as state candidate species. They will be reviewed in the future for potential state listing as endangered, threatened or sensitive. Significant information gaps on population status and trends exist for most of the 15 species that occur in the state.
This is the first conservation plan written for the bats of Washington. It summarizes information on the biology and habitat requirements of the species present, discusses factors affecting populations, and outlines conservation activities for maintaining viable bat populations in the state. Brief accounts with background information, photos, and distribution maps are provided for each species.
All 15 bat species in the state have largely insectivorous diets and forage at dusk, night, and dawn. Echolocation is used to capture prey and navigate. All species give birth once per year in the summer, with most having a litter size of one pup. Most species make use of torpor (i.e., the body temperature and metabolic rate are greatly reduced, allowing animals to become inactive during periods of harsh weather and food shortage) during winter hibernation or on a daily basis during other seasons. Two species, the hoary bat and silver-haired bat, are long-distance migrants that overwinter in southern North America, although some silver-haired bats remain in Washington year-round. A number of other species are believed to be short-distance migrants that change elevations as they move to winter roosts with temperatures suitable for hibernation.
The most important habitats for Washington's bats are those used for roosting and foraging. A variety of roost types are occupied to meet daily and seasonal needs, including trees, snags, caves, mines, cliffs, talus, buildings, and bridges. While hoary bats roost almost exclusively in trees, nearly all other bat species in Washington use a variety of roost structures. Some of the state's bat populations make widespread use of cavities and crevices in trees and snags as roosts, with a strong preference for large trees and snags in the early to intermediate stages of decay. Microclimate plays a large role in roost selection, with bats seeking locations having optimal temperatures for saving energy, development of fetuses, and rearing young. Suitable densities of roost sites, especially snags and trees, are important for maintaining viable bat populations.
Adequate foraging habitat is a second primary requirement of bat populations. A number of bat species in Washington concentrate their feeding near fresh water (especially in riparian areas) and along edge habitats, where insect availability is commonly high and vegetational clutter is reduced. Overall activity is typically higher in open sites, including clearcuts, meadows, and forest gaps, than in dense forest. Most of the bat species in Washington make greater use of older, more open forests for foraging than younger forests with denser vegetation. In shrub-steppe and grassland habitats, some bat species favor foraging in riparian zones, while others feed more broadly across both habitats. Availability of drinking sites is another key component of bat foraging habitat, especially in drier regions of the state where water sources may be limited.
Habitat loss and human disturbance are two of the main factors that can negatively impact bat populations in Washington. Habitat loss and alteration affect the availability of both roosting and foraging habitat of bats in the state. Logging and other forest management practices have resulted in younger and often denser forests across the state, causing a general decline in the number of large snags and decadent trees for roosts and also negatively impacting foraging habitat. Regulations requiring the retention of some snags and trees, and buffers around riparian zones have helped reduce this threat, but the issue remains an important concern for forest-dwelling bat species. Agricultural land conversion, urbanization, and mine closures have also reduced roosting and foraging habitat for bats. Human disturbance of bats roosting in caves and other structures is a concern at some sites, but overall is not considered a major threat to most species in the state. Various environmental contaminants also potentially impact some bat populations in the state. Three additional factors (wind energy, disease, and climate change) may increase in importance in the future. Bats are susceptible to being killed at wind energy facilities. Hoary bats and silver-haired bats comprise almost 98% of the bats killed by wind turbines since commercial wind energy production began in Washington in 2001. In 2011, an estimated minimum of 2,419 bats were killed at operational wind projects in the state. Significant expansion of this industry is expected in Washington in the coming decades and even with pre-construction surveys and proper siting, will likely continue to cause mortality to bats. A fungal disease, white-nose syndrome, has recently emerged as a major killer of cave-hibernating bats in eastern North America and is spreading westward. An estimated minimum of 5.7 to 6.7 million bats have died from white-nose syndrome. It is unknown whether the disease will reach Washington or what impacts it may have on bat populations in the state. Species that form tight clusters during hibernation are usually the most vulnerable. Lastly, climate change is likely to alter the future availability of roosting, foraging, and drinking resources for bats, and may have other unforeseen impacts.
The bat conservation plan identifies seven conservation objectives, with strategies and tasks to achieve those objectives. Objectives are:
- Collect baseline inventory data and monitor bat populations to assess trends.
- Safeguard bats from sources of mortality and disturbance.
- Manage habitat to maintain and enhance bat species diversity and abundance.
- Conduct research to determine requirements for bat populations.
- Conduct conservation planning to benefit bats.
- Establish partnerships with agencies, landowners, and other groups to achieve bat conservation.
- Develop and implement public outreach and education programs for bats.
Obtaining basic information on distribution, abundance, and ecological requirements is one of the primary needs for bat conservation in Washington. This information will contribute to an improved understanding of the conservation needs for the 15 species of bats in the state. Addressing threats and maintaining healthy populations of bats will require cooperation and partnerships among government agencies, private resource management entities, non-governmental organizations, tribes, and the public. Partners can also work together to secure funding for implementing priority bat conservation strategies and tasks identified in the plan.
Suggested citation
Hayes, G. and G. J. Wiles. 2013. Washington bat conservation plan. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington. 138+viii pp.


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Researcher claims next generation internet will arrive quietly
"There will be no flag day, no hour when someone flips a switch to move us all over to the new Internet. Instead, the transition will be gradual, one small group at a time," he explains. "Each new app or piece of software will be adopted safely by ever widening circles of users, until one day the old Internet will just be gone and a new one, more deliberately designed and built than the old one, will be up and running. It will be seamless."
Venkataramani is the lead architect for one of the many research teams funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) who are now developing and testing next-generation hardware, software and applications to address difficult, systemic shortcomings of the old Internet. He and colleagues at UMass Amherst recently received a two-year, $1.35 million NSF grant for the next phase of the MobilityFirst project.
MobilityFirst researchers at UMass Amherst, in collaboration with colleagues at seven other partner institutions, will field-test the new architecture through three deployments: a context-aware emergency notification system coordinating with the CASA network of weather radars and the National Weather Service for end users in Texas; a content delivery network of public broadcasting stations and the PennREN network in Pennsylvania, and a wireless service provider, "5Nines," in Madison, Wis.
Today's Internet, really a network of networks
, grew slowly, as an overlay on top of the telephone system, Venkataramani says. Its users trusted one another and did not foresee its tremendous success, nor the need to guard against malware, hostile denial of service (DoS) and other attacks that are common today. "As a result, the Internet continues to remain vulnerable to severe attacks that can be launched by adversaries with very little resources," he points out.
"In fact, even a benignly misconfigured router can result in outages of large portions of the Internet or high-value web services. It is frightening to even think about the havoc that a maliciously motivated ISP or a nation-state indulging in cyberwarfare could wreak."
"The Internet's designers left security out of the design process, and it is nearly impossible now to retrofit its multi-layered protocol stack with security," he adds. "The same is true of mobility. Neither mobility nor security were pressing concerns in the early days, but both require fundamental changes to Internet architecture. That's what our project, MobilityFirst, is about." Mobility refers to an end user being able to seamlessly stay connected to the Internet on different devices over time, for example while moving from a home computer to the car to the workplace.
Because researchers cannot run experiments on the real Internet and risk disrupting production networks, online services and end-users, they began creating a national testbed called the Global Environment for Network Innovations (GENI). On it, they can try new routers, servers and apps without disrupting the existing Internet.
Venkataramani explains, "Experimentally validating new ideas in realistic settings is an essential part of science and engineering research. However, validating Internet architecture presents a chicken-and-egg problem: we cannot get stakeholders today to adopt the new architecture without a convincing validation with real users at large scales, but such a validation requires adoption in the first place. GENI allows evaluation of entire Internet architectures at the scale of a nationwide ISP and lets stakeholders incrementally test and adopt the new architecture."
An example of a new feature enabled by MobilityFirst is called "context-based communication," which generalizes name- or address-based communication. For example, MobilityFirst allows an emergency notification application to send a targeted emergency message specifically to an affected location such as a football stadium or cars traveling west on the Massachusetts Turnpike. It can also customize different messages to different people, for example, one warning to senior citizens and a different one to first responders.
One of the planned field trials of MobilityFirst led by UMass Amherst, in coordination with the National Weather Service and the CASA radar testbed in Texas, will demonstrate the effectiveness of context-based hazardous weather warning apps, the lead architect says.
MobilityFirst is a collaboration of UMass Amherst with Rutgers, Duke University, the University of Michigan, MIT, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and the University of Wisconsin-Madison.


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WASHINGTON, DC — President Barack Obama welcomed his successor, Donald Trump, to the White House, extending an olive branch to a man he has blasted as unfit to serve as commander in chief and who led the charge to challenge the legitimacy of his own presidency.
Thursday's Oval Office meeting is the symbolic start of the transition of power from Obama, a Democrat who ushered in a sweeping health care law and brokered a landmark nuclear accord with Iran, and Trump, a Republican who has promised to wipe away those initiatives. Trump takes office on Jan. 20.
Speaking briefly, the men appeared amicable and spoke briefly to the press.
"We talked about organizational issues in setting up the White House, we talked about foreign policy, we talked about domestic policy and as I said last night my No. 1 priority in the next two months is try to facilitate a transition that makes sure our president-elect is successful," Obama said.
"It is important for all of us regardless of party and regardless of political preferences to now come together and work together and deal with the many challenges we face," Obama said.
President-elect Trump said the meeting was originally set for only about 15 minutes but lasted nearly 90 minutes.
"We discussed a lot of situations, some wonderful and some difficult. I very much look forward to working with the president in the future," Trump said.
First lady Michelle Obama planned to meet privately in the White House residence with Trump's wife, Melania Trump, while Vice President Joe Biden prepared to see Vice President-elect Mike Pence.
Also on Trump's schedule was a meeting with House Speaker Paul Ryan, R-Wis., to discuss the GOP legislative agenda. Ryan, who holds the most powerful post in Congress, has been a sometime critic of Trump, was slow to endorse him and did not campaign with the nominee. Vice President-elect Mike Pence intended to join them.
The show of civility at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue contrasted with postelection scenes of protests across a politically divided country. Demonstrators from New England to the heartland and the West Coast vented against the election winner on Wednesday, chanting "Not my president," burning a papier-mache Trump head, beating a Trump pinata and carrying signs that said "Impeach Trump."
- WATCH/READ: Donald Trump & Hillary Clinton speeches
- Demonstrators take to the streets of Atlanta to protest Trump election
- Police: Sandy Springs teacher bought gun after being placed on leave
Republicans were emboldened by Trump's stunning victory over Hillary Clinton, giving the GOP control of the White House and both chambers of Congress.
"He just earned a mandate," Ryan said.
In an emotional concession speech, Clinton said her crushing loss was "painful and it will be for a long time" and acknowledged that the nation was "more divided than we thought."
Still, Clinton was gracious in defeat, declaring: "Donald Trump is going to be our president. We owe him an open mind and the chance to lead."
Trump was uncharacteristically quiet in the aftermath of his triumph and made no public appearances Wednesday. He huddled with jubilant, sleep-deprived advisers at his eponymous skyscraper in Manhattan, beginning the daunting task of setting up an administration that will take power in just over two months. He also met with Vice President-elect Mike Pence and took calls from supporters, family and friends, according to spokeswoman Hope Hicks.
Trump's team prepare for transition
In Washington, Trump's scant transition team sprang into action, culling through personnel lists for top jobs and working through handover plans for government agencies. A person familiar with the transition operations said the personnel process was still in its early stages, but Trump's team was putting a premium on quickly filling key national security posts. The person was not authorized to discuss details by name and spoke on condition of anonymity.
According to an organizational chart for the transition obtained by The Associated Press, Trump was relying on experienced hands to help form his administration. National security planning was being led by former Michigan Rep. Mike Rogers, who previously worked for the FBI. Domestic issues were being handled by Ken Blackwell, a former Cincinnati mayor and Ohio secretary of state.
Trump was expected to consider several loyal supporters for top jobs, including former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani for attorney general or national security adviser and campaign finance chairman Steve Mnuchin for Treasury secretary. Former House Speaker Newt Gingrich and Tennessee Sen. Bob Corker were also expected to be under consideration for foreign policy posts.
As president-elect, Trump is entitled to get the same daily intelligence briefing as Obama — one that includes information on U.S. covert operations, information gleaned about world leaders and other data gathered by America's 17 intelligence agencies. The White House said it would organize two exercises involving multiple agencies to help Trump's team learn how to respond to major domestic incidents.
If Trump makes good on his campaign promises, the nation stands on the brink of sweeping change in domestic and foreign policy. He's pledged to repeal Obama's health care law and pull out of the landmark nuclear accord with Iran. He's vowed to build a wall along the U.S.-Mexico border and temporarily ban immigration from nations with terror ties.
It's unclear whether Trump will embrace many of the traditions of the presidency. He'll enter the White House owning his own private jet as well as a hotel just blocks away on Pennsylvania Avenue. He never allowed journalists to fly on his plane during the campaign, as is customary for White House nominees.
Issues of transparency bubbled up right from the start. On Wednesday evening, Trump aides said they would not bring the press corps to Washington with the president-elect for his meeting with Obama, breaking long-standing protocol.
Information from the Associated Press was used in this report.
Cox Media Group


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Projects feature Final Fantasy composer, Fire Emblem artist
Ni no Kuni studio Level-5 is developing a set of three role-playing games for mobile platforms, Weekly Famitsu reports. Part of the company's 15th anniversary celebrations, the trio of titles features a few high profile names alongside some diverse concepts.
Wonder Flick is a loot-based role-player directed by Level-5 boss Akihiro Hino and featuring a soundtrack by legendary Final Fantasy composer Nobuo Uematsu. There's also Majin Station, a railway sim boasting artwork from Yusuke Kozaki of Fire Emblem: Awakening fame. Finally, Chikyu Kaimetsu teki B-kyu Kanojo is a more traditional RPG set in a post-apocalyptic world where most of the men have died off, leaving behind a wasteland full of beautiful female mercenaries. Because of course.
All three games will be coming to iOS and Android devices later this year.
Level-5 announces three new smartphone RPGs for 2013 [Polygon]


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The ear, which is the organ of hearing and balance, consists of the outer, middle, and inner ear.
The outer, middle, and inner ear function together to convert sound waves into nerve impulses that travel to the brain, where they are perceived as sound.
The inner ear also helps maintain balance.
A Look Inside the Ear
Outer Ear
The outer ear consists of the external part of the ear (pinna or auricle) and the ear canal (external auditory meatus).
The pinna consists of cartilage covered by skin and is shaped to capture sound waves and funnel them through the ear canal to the eardrum (tympanic membrane), a thin membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear.
Middle Ear
The middle ear consists of the eardrum and a small air-filled chamber containing a chain of three tiny bones (ossicles) that connect the eardrum to the inner ear. The ossicles are named for their shapes. The hammer (malleus) is attached to the eardrum. The anvil (incus) is the middle bone between the hammer and the stirrup (stapes), which sits in the oval window. The stapes sits in the oval window and seals it. Vibrations of the eardrum are amplified mechanically by the ossicles and transmitted to the oval window.
The middle ear also contains two tiny muscles. The tensor tympani muscle is attached to the hammer and helps tune and protect the ear. The stapedius muscle is attached to the stirrup. This muscle contracts in response to a loud noise, making the chain of ossicles more rigid so that less sound is transmitted. This response, called the acoustic reflex, helps protect the delicate inner ear from sound damage.
The eustachian tube is a small tube that connects the middle ear to the airway in the back of the nose (nasopharynx). This tube allows outside air to enter the middle ear (behind the eardrum). The eustachian tube, which opens when a person swallows, helps maintain equal air pressure on both sides of the eardrum and prevents fluid from accumulating in the middle ear. If air pressure is not equal, the eardrum may bulge or retract, which can be uncomfortable and distort hearing. Swallowing or voluntary "popping" of the ears can relieve pressure on the eardrum caused by sudden changes in air pressure, as often occurs when flying in an airplane. The eustachian tube's connection with the middle ear explains why upper respiratory infections (such as the common cold Common Cold The common cold is a viral infection of the lining of the nose, sinuses, and throat. Many different viruses cause colds. Usually, colds are spread when a person's hands come in contact with... read more ), which inflame and block the eustachian tube, can lead to middle ear infections or changes in middle ear pressure, resulting in pain.
Inner Ear
The inner ear (labyrinth) is a complex structure consisting of two major parts:
Cochlea: The organ of hearing
Vestibular system: The organ of balance
The cochlea, a hollow tube coiled in the shape of a snail's shell, is filled with fluid. Within the cochlea is the organ of Corti, which consists, in part, of about 20,000 specialized cells called hair cells. These cells have small hairlike projections (cilia) that extend into the fluid. Sound vibrations transmitted from the ossicles in the middle ear to the oval window in the inner ear cause the fluid and cilia to vibrate. Hair cells in different parts of the cochlea vibrate in response to different sound frequencies and convert the vibrations into nerve impulses. The nerve impulses are transmitted along fibers of the cochlear nerve to the brain. The round window is a small, membrane-covered opening between the fluid-filled cochlea and the middle ear. This window helps dampen the pressure caused by sound waves in the cochlea.
Despite the protective effect of the acoustic reflex Middle Ear The ear, which is the organ of hearing and balance, consists of the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer, middle, and inner ear function together to convert sound waves into nerve impulses... read more , loud noise can damage and destroy hair cells. Once a hair cell is destroyed, it does not regrow. Continued exposure to loud noise causes progressive damage, eventually resulting in hearing loss and sometimes noise or ringing in the ears (tinnitus Ear Ringing or Buzzing Ringing in the ears (tinnitus) is noise originating in the ear rather than in the environment. It is a symptom and not a specific disease. Tinnitus is very common—10 to 15% of people experience... read more ).
Vestibular system
The vestibular system consists of
Two fluid-filled sacs called the saccule and the utricle
Three fluid-filled tubes called the semicircular canals
These sacs and tubes gather information about the position and movement of the head. The brain uses this information to help maintain balance.
The saccule and utricle contain cells that sense movement of the head in a straight line, that is, back and forth or up and down.
The semicircular canals are three fluid-filled tubes at right angles to one another that sense rotation of the head. Rotation of the head causes the fluid in the canals to move. Depending on the direction the head moves, the fluid movement will be greater in one of the canals than in the others. The canals contain hair cells that respond to this movement of fluid. The hair cells initiate nerve impulses that tell the brain which way the head is moving so that appropriate action can be taken to maintain balance.
If the semicircular canals malfunction, which can occur in an upper respiratory infection or other temporary or permanent disorder, the person's sense of balance may be lost or a false sensation of moving or spinning (vertigo Dizziness and Vertigo Dizziness is an inexact term people often use to describe various related sensations, including Faintness (feeling about to pass out) Light-headedness Dysequilibrium (feeling off balance or... read more ) may develop.


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Please see the Tsunami Action Plan and Evacuation Routes (PDF). If there are any other questions you have related to disaster preparedness, please contact Police Chief John Small, 360-293-4684.
Show All Answers
The estimated 2022 population of the City of Anacortes is 17,437 people per the United States Census Bureau.
Information about the history of Anacortes, including the origin of its name, is available on the Museum page.
Our procedure is to ask complainants to call NAS Whidbey and talk with their Community Plans and Liaison Officer (this person also holds the title of Special Assistant to the Commanding Officer. Jennifer Meyer, the current Liaison Officer can explain the program at NAS. Her contact information is:
Jennifer S. MeyerCommunity Plans and Liaison Officer3730 North Charles Porter AvenueBuilding 385, Floor 2, Room 202Oak Harbor, WA 98278Complaint Line: 360-257-6665
Yes, there are designated parking spaces for vehicles with disabled parking placards in the parking lot located on the north side of the Municipal Building, 5th Street and Q Avenue. Elevator access to all business floors is located on the north side of the building as well. For more information, please call 360-293-1900.
City business offices are closed on the following holidays. The Anacortes Police, Fire, Water Treatment Plant and Wastewater Treatment Plant are open every day of the year. Note: If the holiday falls on a Saturday, offices are closed on the Friday before. If the holiday falls on a Sunday, the offices are closed on the Monday after. For more information please call 360-293-1900.


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Analog gets Animated
We do love it when friends of photoinduced share some cool stuff that they find.
Shout out to Zac R. for this excellent animated short he found on Vimeo
Digital Analogue from ftjelly on Vimeo.
"Since the introduction of digital technology the relationship between camera and photographer has altered dramatically. Speed and accessibility have come at the expense of mystery, intimacy and tactility – qualities exclusive to analogue photography. Initially, and in reaction to this cultural atrophy, I composed a piece of music made entirely from sounds that I had recorded from a collection of antique cameras. Constructed using the digital composition software Reason, this piece carried a strong hip hop feel and seemed to connect past with future technologies. To accompany this track I created a video response that captured traditional, analogue techniques yet also had a strong contemporary theme.
This short film is made entirely with stop motion animation, with over six thousand still photos shot and then edited together. The cameras are literally 'brought to life' here, while image composition and lighting is as carefully considered in each video frame as they would be for individual photo shots. "
Here is a link to the artists site, although this seems to be the only piece. there.


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Tsimshian materials, ACLS collection
Date: 1893-1895, 1906-1909, 1915, 1920-1940, 1974
Contributor: Barbeau, Marius, 1883-1969 | Beynon, William, 1888-1958 | Boas, Franz, 1858-1942 | Sapir, Edward, 1884-1939 | Stirling, Matthew Williams, 1896-1975 | Susman, Amelia, 1915- | Tate, Henry W.
Subject: British Columbia--History | Ethnography | Linguistics | Kinship | Music | Social life and customs
Type: Text
Genre: Correspondence | Notebooks | Musical scores | Stories | Vocabularies | Vocabularies
Extent: Approx. 1,000 slips 5 notebooks, 1500+ loose pages
Description: The Tsimshian materials in the ACLS collection consist of numerous items concentrated in the "Tsimshian" section of the finding aid. Noteworthy materials include texts, vocabularies, and notes on music recorded by Boas in the 1890s, along with an English-Tsimshian dictionary file. There is a large body of material recorded by William Beynon, including Vocabularies, notes on kinship, and a large body of stories (primarily in English) pertaining to primarily to Tsimshian history. (A full table of contents of these texts is available.) Also of note are Henry Tate's are texts sent to Boas by Henry Tate with interlinear texts, vocabularies, and grammatical analyses by Amelia Susman from the late 1930s; an extensive lexicon file by an unidentified compiler (may be Susman); and essays on social organization and linguistics by Barbeau and Beynon. A set of cards, long identified as "Kwakiutl social organization," have been identified as "Tsimshian names file" now at the end of the Tsimshian section. This was likely compiled by William Beynon, and contains a few Gitxsan, Nisga'a, and Haisla ("Kitimat") names, and some with notes on kinship of "Tahltan Stickine origin". Some additional materials comparing Tsimshian and Nisga'a can be found in the "Nass" section of the finding aid (at least items Pn5.1 and Pn5b.1).
Collection: ACLS Collection (American Council of Learned Societies Committee on Native American Languages, American Philosophical Society) Mss.497.3.B63c


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Planning Virtual Meetings and Webinars
This section of the DLF Organizers' Toolkit provides general guidelines for presenting and/or hosting an online meeting or educational experience. It was originally created in 2017 by Library & Archives Consultant Joy M. Banks, MSLS, as part of the CLIR Strategies for Advancing Hidden Collections project (SAHC). More resources related to that project, which was funded by The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, can be found in the SAHC Resource Library.
In today's online environment, the possibilities for virtual learning are nearly limitless. From Facebook Live to Adobe Connect, choosing the right platform may be challenging. Careful consideration of content and goals will help guide you to the right platform.
Casual v. Formal
There is a significant difference between the platform needs for a gathering of colleagues casually chatting about something and a professional presentation of ideas to a large group. The former requires minimal technology, and the latter likely requires a much more robust system.
For the causal experience, consider basic VOIP conference lines, Skype group, Google Hangouts, and the like.
- Do you actually need to see a screen or is voice access enough?
- Will everyone be able to participate via audio connections or will some need a chat feature?
- Will everyone be able to use their computer for audio or will a phone line be necessary?
- Consider the time of day for the meetup. If during work hours, some may not have access to platforms that require any sort of download. If after work hours, some may not have access to robust internet connections.
- Talk to your group, and find out what works best for you.
For the formal experience, consider more robust platforms that allow for greater flexibility such as UberConference (DLF maintains a Pro account), Adobe Connect, GoToMeeting, and the like.
- Will you need the ability to screen share, chat, and file share?
- Will your participants need to access audio via VOIP, computer, and/or phone audio connections?
- Will your presenters need training on the platform in advance?
- Even in the most robust systems, there is value in keeping things simple so that participants can focus on the content rather than the platform.
Collaborative v. Lecture
While most educators agree that engaged learning is the best educational model, there is still value in lecture for presenting certain types of information. Recreating lecture in a virtual environment is relatively easy. Virtual collaboration can be a bit more challenging.
If you need a collaborative online environment:
- Limit the size of your group. The larger the group, the more difficult collaboration can be. Some web conferencing platforms allow breaking into groups, but be sure to test the feature before the meeting so you understand how it works for everyone.
- Consider creating large chat spaces to allow contribution even if someone is unable to participate via audio connection.
- Combine technologies. Using a conference line and a collaborative work space such as GoogleDocs can allow live feedback and tracking when working together on a project.
When presenting information in a lecture environment:
- It's still important to create an interactive environment. Allow a way for participants to ask questions and engage with the presenter and other attendees.
- Intersperse lecture with engagement. Create chat opportunities that allow an exchange of ideas. Give participants a way to stretch their brain with simple activities like polls or sharing reactions.
Meeting v. Learning
You may think that planning an online meeting is as simple as sending out a link for people to join, but the best online meeting planners follow many of the same best practices as virtual learning.
If you are planning a meeting, consider the following:
- Have a detailed agenda including time estimates for each part of the discussion. This will not only keep everyone on track during the meeting but also allow participants to plan ahead to enter and leave the meeting if needed.
- Keep in mind if everyone in the meeting will have access to an audio line and/or any thing you put on the screen. Those who may only be able to hear the meeting will need to have verbal descriptions of anything on the screen and have any chat discussions summarized for them. Those who will be unable to participate with a microphone will need to have access to chat.
- Since time is crucial when meeting online, distribute any documents to be discussed in advance so participants can review them. This will allow more meaningful discussions when everyone is together.
If you are interested in creating a learning environment:
- Planning should begin far in advance of the date of presentation.
- A more robust virtual platform is often necessary to create an engaging learning experience for everyone.
- For more details on planning a virtual learning experience, see the Hosts section of this handbook and check out the Resources listed below.
Recorded v. Live
The experience of a live virtual event will be much different than a recorded one. Perhaps you decide to focus on one or the other or create a learning experience that uses both.
If you are recording a live presentation for use later:
- Be sure that you designate someone to start and end the recording.
- Have a plan for storage of the recording. Where will it live? Who will have access? Will editing be necessary? How long will you provide access?
- If possible, mark on the live script sections that will be cut from the recording to make editing easier.
- Recognize that not all activities of a live event can be recreated for someone listening to a recording.
It's OK if you only offer something live. Everyone may not be able to attend, but that is the nature of life. Provide ample notice of the event (or purposely plan a pop-up event), and those who are more interested will attend.
If you plan to only provide a recorded presentation:
- Follow best practices for presentation and consider how you will engage your audience if the content is educational.
- Plan for a way that viewers can ask questions or provide feedback whether through your email, a specific Twitter hashtag you can track, a GoogleForm, or some other means.
- Be sure you have all of the necessary software and hardware to make a quality recording and determine in advance where the recording will live.
- Consider including your script as captions in the recording to offer an additional way users can access the materials.
Audio v. Video
For some virtual experiences, audio may be sufficient but sometimes, in order to build trust or a team spirit, video can help.
When thinking about audio only:
- Audio only options often require less robust systems and can often be accessed through a phone line without the need for a computer.
- This can be great for a simple conference call with a small group of individuals already familiar with each other.
- For those who are visual learners, be sure to supply any documents to be discussed in advance so everyone can follow the conversation.
When thinking about video options:
- Remember everyone may not have access to a webcam. Will participants still be able to participate another way?
- Video includes screen sharing, not just webcam sharing. Sometimes it is valuable to be able to visually share documents or other information.
- If you expect everyone to participate through video, give advance notice so no one is surprised.
Virtual v. Face to Face
While webinars have many similarities with standard F2F presentations, those presenting webinars must be aware of several distinct differences:
Your audience is not in the same room - Unless you are participating in an online video chat that includes participant video, you will not be able to gauge your audience's non-verbal response to your presentation. For anyone who has relied on eye contact, body language, and other visual signs to make adjustments to a presentation, the format of a webinar can be a bit uncomfortable.
- Create engaging chats - Think of these as opportunities for participants to stretch their brain. Encourage participants to get to know each other before the session starts. Set aside a 60 second chat blitz as a way to quickly participate in the webinar. Ask participants for suggestions and ideas that have worked in real life.
- Ask questions to boost active participation - When using a question to start a chat, be sure it is open enough to engage participants. Questions with one word answers are best left to polls and blitz activities. It's ok to consider phrasing that will lead participants where you want them to go in their thinking. In a webinar geared towards higher level engagement, allow participants to share their experiences, good or bad, as a way to enrich the content of your presentation. Setting time limits will encourage people to contribute without waiting and also allow a distinct end point to move the webinar forward if needed.
- Embed polls and other simple activities - Polls are a quick and easy way to gauge your audience before and during a webinar. Questions can be about the participants or the content of the webinar. Choose simple questions with distinct responses. Depending on the webinar platform, you may also have the ability to allow participants to draw on the screen, add quick responses to a chat box, raise their hand virtually, share reaction emojis, etc. All of these activities break up the content of your talk and refocus the group.
Timing is essential - Webinars will have set start and end times that often cannot be adjusted. You may be asked to login to the webinar system early and perhaps end early (i.e., before you're ready to stop talking) if the end time approaches. Because of this, reading from a script is often recommended to avoid unexpected timing issues.
- Practice, practice, practice - Read your script and make sure the text flows as well verbally as it does in writing. Plan your timing with a slower voice and enunciated speech. During the live event, you will likely speak faster than when you practiced.
- Add buffers to account for discussions that may run long - While you will be asked to plan how long discussions will last, you may find participants are highly engaged during a certain time. Plan ahead to allow buffers in your presentation content to allow for engaged participation (keeping in mind, though, that all good things must eventually come to an end). Mark sections of your script that can be easily cut if needed.
Interaction must be carefully crafted - Most webinar platforms allow for some interaction between the speaker and audience as well as between attendees. The most successful virtual engagement activities are not something you can do effectively on the fly. Careful planning (and testing) of interactive activities will help create a dynamic learning environment that will help all participants engage with the educational content.
- Plan ahead and test everything - Work closely with your webinar host to assure that everything is in place and functional prior to the live date. Set up any polls. Practice chat sessions. Test your ideas with several people on various devices. Leave nothing to chance but always remain flexible.
Not everyone will be participating in the same way - Even in the smallest virtual settings, not everyone will have access to the full webinar experience. Some may only be able to participate through the audio. Others may not have access to a microphone. Be considerate of any accessibility limitations.
- Repeat any questions or thoughtful comments that are typed in the chat box so everyone has access to the content.
- Describe verbally any important visual aids.
- Enunciation not only helps participants hear you better, but it also helps any transcription of your speech for captioning. Speaking too fast will jumble your words both through audio and captioning technology.
- Try to avoid experiences which will require a very high internet speed connection.
- Will the session be recorded? Consider how what you do live will translate to a recorded viewing experience.
Delivering an Engaging Virtual Presentation
- Start with a brief bio, usually presented by the host/moderator. Include details other than the mundane that will engage your audience and connect them more personally to you. Your bio will also serve to show why you are qualified to present the content of the webinar and establish you as an expert.
- Include an image of yourself. This can be on your slide template or, if possible, as a video feed (even if only briefly).
- Depending on the form of your webinar, plan to have an activity every 15-20 minutes or so to re-engage your audience and avoid long periods of lecture. These can be directed chats, polls, blitz chats, or Q&A sessions. Some webinars may require a large amount of lecture due to the depth of the topic. In those cases, consider breaking up sessions into a series to allow greater interaction.
- Remember to smile when you speak (which feels strange if you are alone in a room somewhere). When you are smiling, your words tend to be clearer and your tone is more welcoming. This will also help you avoid extreme changes in your volume (e.g., starting a sentence with power and fading off as your sentence ends).
- Before your webinar, practice your script and record it. Listen to your recording and try to adjust any bad habits. Try to avoid "um", "so", and other speech fillers. Listen for habits like starting loud and fading off at the end of a sentence. Practice your breathing so it sounds natural. Presenting is different than natural speech, so the extra practice and self-evaluation will help you deliver a clear presentation to your audience.
- Consider framing your presentation using the rule of three. Begin by telling your audience what they will hear (perhaps having three points or sections), tell them those points, and end by summarizing what they heard. The number of main ideas you will effectively be able to share depends on the length of time you have. Avoid trying to cram too much into too short a time slot. Better to share less content of a higher quality. While many sources suggest listeners have a 5-10 minute attention span, framing your content to the highest denominator of 18-20 minutes will likely produce higher quality content.
- Even in an online environment, you might encourage your audience to set aside distractions during the session: turn off cell phones, don't check email, hang a sign on your door, and truly focus on the content. These simple steps will help everyone have a better webinar experience.
- Insert humor throughout your presentation. Tell an appropriate, personal funny story, but keep it succinct and relevant. If you are speaking on a particular topic but you lack a personally relevant experience, consider gathering stories before the event, either from registered participants or colleagues (and always seek permission to share!).
- Relax, be sure to have a cup of water, and enjoy the experience.
General Tips
For Virtual Business Meetings:
- Try to limit the meeting to one hour.
- If a recurring meeting, set the time and day well in advance so everyone can mark their calendars and set aside time for the meeting. Everyone will appreciate not having to do a poll every month to schedule a meeting time.
- Allow a few minutes at the beginning and/or end for watercooler talk. Encourage those who want to catch up to arrive early or plan to stay a few minutes later (depending on whether or not you can stay in the virtual space).
- Don't assume that everyone knows each other. Do introductions if necessary, and, if taking minutes, be sure the secretary feels comfortable enough to speak up if it's unclear who is speaking. While some platforms identify the speaker, that often relies on the participant to enter their name and/or an individual passcode.
- Check in each meeting to see how everyone is participating. Some may only have chat (if available), some may only have audio (if you've also set up screen sharing). Repeat questions and describe what's going on so everyone stays engaged.
- Will the meeting need to be recorded? If so,
- Where will the recording live and how will members access it?
- Will there be usage restrictions based on the content of the meeting?
For Virtual Educational Webinars:
- Most online learning experiences should last no more than ninety minutes.
- Plan ahead if you would like to charge attendees. You'll need a way to accept payment in addition to tracking registration.
- Most webinar platforms will require some level of training so that presenters and hosts are familiar with the features.
- Wired internet is always preferred for speakers and hosts to avoid delivery glitches. Make this clear from the beginning of planning.
- Will the webinar be recorded? If the answer is yes, consider:
- Where will the recordings live and how long they will need to last?
- Will you need to edit the recordings or be able to post as is?
- Will the recording need to capture the entire webinar environment or just the presentation slides?
- How will the experience differ for those who view the recording?
- Will captioning need to be added to the recording?
Planning a virtual webinar or meeting begins in much the same way as a face to face event: Choose a topic, find a speaker, and set a date (not necessarily always in that order). Additionally, hosts also need to consider how communication will occur, especially since everyone is likely dispersed, and how registration will be handled.
Jump to: Choosing a Topic | Finding a Speaker | Setting a Date | Communication | Registration
Choosing a Topic
If you are hosting a business meeting, your topic will be the items on your agenda. Be sure to supply the agenda and any documents for review at least one week prior to the meeting.
Selecting a topic for a webinar can be a bit more involved. Perhaps your team has recently completed a project, and you would like to share the results with a larger audience. Or you recently attended an in-person meeting, heard a great speaker, and think the session should be captured for further distribution. Regardless of the idea, here are some tips:
- Make sure the topic hasn't been covered sufficiently elsewhere.
- Some topics may be stand alone (a conference summary, an introductory session, etc.) while other ideas may lend themselves to serial delivery. Series may occur weekly, monthly, or at some other set interval. A few more thoughts on series:
- Webinars in a series should have a common theme, but don't necessarily need to build directly from each other. For example, you could plan a series focusing on how individual institutions are tackling a particular problem, highlighting a new institution each month. This can be marketed as a series, but doesn't require participants to attend all sessions. Alternatively, a series may also be developed to tackle a complex topic with sessions building on each other. Attendees would be expected to attend all sessions (to the best of their ability).
- There is no set amount of sessions a series must contain: some may be as little as two and some may last for years (though, assessment of long-term series is important to determine continued viability and relevance).
- A highly effective way to create a cohesive feel between the sessions is to create a uniform presentation template and/or classroom setup.
- When multiple speakers are involved in a series, be sure to facilitate engagement and conversation to encourage unity in the topics and refer to the other parts in the series. Slack and other collaborative software can be useful tools in this process.
- All webinars should have a clear scope, including objectives and outcomes, so that those interested will know what to expect during the event. Developing these will also help hosts determine if the topic is too broad for an individual session so that the scope can either be condensed to fit the time or expanded into a series.
Finding a Speaker
As host for a business meeting, you will likely do most of the speaking. If others will need to speak or give reports, provide them with advance notice of that expectation so they are prepared. You may need to manage the audio using the mute feature for those in the virtual meeting space to avoid background noise and other distractions.
When considering a speaker for a webinar, first explore your own professional network and associations. You may have someone in your own network who is a perfect candidate to cover the topic. If not, gradually expand your search and reach out to others for recommendations. Be sure you have answers to the following:
- Will the speaker be reimbursed?
- How much time do you anticipate the speaker will invest in the planning, practicing, and presenting of the webinar?
- Has the potential speaker delivered a webinar before? If not, how much additional time are you willing to invest to coach the speaker though the process?
- Speakers will likely expect at least a general idea of the date and time for the webinar as well as the webinar length broken down so they are clear on how long they will be expected to speak.
- When communicating with your speaker, be sure to explain your expectations for accessibility (e.g., adding Alt Text for images in a PowerPoint) at the beginning of the planning process to allow ample time for testing, if needed.
Setting a Date
The DLF Wiki has some excellent suggestions on setting a date and time in the Setting Up Year-Round Meetings section of their Organizers' Toolkit. As mentioned above, recurring meetings or webinars are best planned in advance (e.g., the second Tuesday of every month at 2pm ET). A simple poll can make this process straightforward. Remember time zone differences, especially for meetings, and communicate any changes or cancellations well in advance.
If you are using a shared conferencing or online learning platform, be sure to document and mark your scheduled events in the appropriate way so that others do not plan an event at the same time. There's nothing quite as awkward as walking in on another meeting when you expected the line to yourself.
With so many ways to communicate, this may be the most overwhelming element of the planning process. It is critical to have accurate contact information for all involved, whether for a business meeting or webinar.
- Using a platform like Slack can allow collaboration in planning, though be sure that everyone is familiar with the features.
- Email works well for critical information, but only if everyone checks the email address provided.
- When all else fails, phone calls may be in order to be sure that those parties involved are understanding your expectations and their responsibilities.
Be willing to communicate a number of different ways to encourage the highest level of participation. Also, be sure that those with whom you are working can communicate their own issues with you so that you can solve problems before they become significant issues.
Another aspect of communication for the host or planner involves continued conversation between meetings, series offerings, or after a webinar ends.
- Between Meetings - If the group attending the meeting stays mostly the same, consider establishing a Slack Channel or other collaborative platform on which participants can contribute information relevant to the group between official meetings. This is also a great way to set up a watercooler space to share personal updates.
- Between Series - Consider encouraging assigned reading selections or video viewings with a designated check in time and place where participants can provide feedback and additional thoughts on an issue. Participation in the continued conversation can be part of a certification process that participants receive after completion of the program.
- After the Webinar - When presenting a webinar, collecting registrant information is important to engage new audience members with your group. Consider sending a tailored welcome message to anyone not already subscribed to your services. Sign them up for your newsletter. Invite them to your group chat page. Send a quick follow-up survey several months later to see how they are applying what they learn. Remember, though, to always allow them to opt out of future communications.
When planning a business meeting, registration is probably unnecessary. You will, however, need to supply the login information to those who need to attend the meeting. This could be a URL or a phone number and may include a passcode for your specific meeting. Encourage anyone unable to attend to communicate that information in a timely manner in case there are matters that need a quorum.
As host, you can choose a variety of ways to approach registration for webinars.
- Advanced registration through the webinar platform - most allow you to collect basic information (name, email, institution) and set caps on registration if necessary. Usually, the system will then send out the information to login to the webinar and, if you set it up, scheduled reminders.
- Advanced registration through alternative means - If you need to collect additional demographic information or payment for participants, using something like SurveyMonkey or a GoogleForm can allow you to customize and analyze registrants. This will require additional work on your part, though, since you will be responsible for distributing login information and reminders.
- No registration - On occasion, you may wish to simply share the link for a scheduled webinar and hope for the best. This can work well for those events where you are unconcerned with reaching any limits that your virtual classroom may have or trust that those who are interested will show up before the limit is reached. Be sure to market your webinar widely enough to generate interest and be flexible with the audience that does attend.
Several tips for registration:
- If you are allowing advanced registration, start promoting and open registration no more than one month prior to the event; two weeks notice is often the most ideal. Any longer notice will often cause a greater no-show rate, especially for free events.
- Allow for about a 20% attrition rate between registrants and attendees. This means if you have a classroom for 100, you may wish to allow 120 to register to allow the greatest attendance.
- If you are not requiring registration, consider in advance how you will communicate any classroom size limits. Typically, rooms open 15 minutes prior to the start of an event, and you will need to be sure the room is closed before that to discourage people from entering early and to allow everyone equal opportunity to enter.
When hosting an online meeting, you will likely control all aspects of the time: controlling the screen, monitoring the agenda, and keeping track of the time. If necessary, appoint a parliamentarian who can help especially with time and keeping the meeting on track.
While educational webinars can function with just two people (the host/moderator and the speaker), best practices recommend having a third, often silent partner to handle any technical aspects of the session. This can include issues participants have, any tricky transitions during the presentation, and unexpected technical emergencies. Having dedicated technical support means that the host can focus on content and timing issues, and the speaker can simply focus on speaking.
Useful tips for moderating a webinar:
- Create a master script document that includes not only what everyone will say but also blocking for various tasks (e.g., Amy starts recording, Joy stops music, Louise pulls up survey, etc.).
- Have clear time estimates for each stage of the presentation. Be prepared to encourage the speaker to speed up, slow down, or move on when necessary.
- Always have questions on hand to promote conversation if a Q&A time is included at the end.
- After asking a question or prompting participation, slowly count to 10 to allow people to respond.
- Don't panic if something goes wrong. Technology is difficult to predict, and often you can simply work around the issue.
- Be mindful of the webinar's level of interactivity for both live participants as well as those who may view a recording later, if applicable.
While most business meetings won't need constant assessment, it is important to check in with participants to evaluate how things are working.
- Is everyone able to use the selected platform or should another be tried?
- Are the times still convenient for most involved?
- Does everyone feel like the frequency is sufficient or should that be reevaluated?
- Are the meetings productive or could that use some work?
By encouraging your participants to provide feedback, you'll soon find the best virtual meeting environment for your group.
Assessment of webinars is often important for a group to determine not only if that webinar was successful but also what types of webinars should be pursued (if any) in the future. While creating a simple survey is easy enough, getting participants to complete the survey can often be difficult.
When planning assessment, consider the following:
- Encourage participants to complete the survey immediately after the webinar by setting the platform to redirect to the survey when the webinar is ended. You can also provide a link to the survey during the final minutes of the webinar to catch those who may wish to leave early.
- Email participants immediately after the event and perhaps one week later. Use the email point of contact to advertise additional webinars or how participants can get involved with your group.
- Connecting completion of the assessment with distribution of a certificate of completion can often encourage greater participation. (Check out the Resources section below to learn how to automate the certificate process using Google's Autocrat add-on).
- When designing the survey, leave ample room for open comments.
- Phrase your survey questions to be neutral. For example, if asking about the quality of the speaker, using a phrase like "The Presenter was knowledgeable" is less leading than "The Presenter was excellent." Allow the survey taker to express their level of agreement.
- Consider carefully which questions are mandatory and which optional.
- Ask for ideas for future programming and whether or not a participant would like to present a future webinar. This helps build programming ideas and a network of professionals.
- Try to make a survey that would take no longer than 5-10 minutes to complete.
Click here for a pdf of the assessment survey from CLIR SAHC's first webinars.
Sample Planning Timeline
This sample planning timeline gives a sense of the necessary steps to plan a stand alone, virtual, educational webinar. For more planning help, check out the Planning Resources below.
2-3 months prior
- You have a fantastic idea for a webinar (or perhaps a colleague approaches you with a fascinating idea). The first step is to investigate whether this idea has been adequately covered somewhere else in the vast universe of GLAM educational material.
- You've determined that your idea is new and wonderfully useful to the GLAM world. Set a budget: Will you offer compensation to your speaker? Do you need to cover any technology costs? Is this an entirely volunteer based project?
- Reach out to your professional connections and find a dynamic speaker who is an expert on the subject. Or, if you intend to be the speaker, find someone who is able to be your moderator for the event.
- Discuss dates and create a signed agreement so everyone understands the project. When possible, include all dates (e.g., draft due dates, practice session(s), live event, etc.) in the contract. (For example, click here for a Microsoft Word Template of CLIR's Curriculum Committee agreement from the SAHC project).
- Discuss basic technology requirements with the speaker now including the need for reliable (preferably wired) internet and a quality headset.
1 month prior
- Start sharing scripts and slides. Work on timing and discuss any special technology needs. Try to find the right balance between text and images on slides.
- Check on accessibility issues, including, but not limited to, font sizes and Alt text for images. Avoid slide transitions and fly-ins.
- Determine now if the webinar is going to be recorded and what added concerns you need to keep in mind connected to that.
- Determine if there are any supplemental documents that would be useful for participants to have.
- Collect a bio for the speaker.
- Begin setting up the classroom space, if possible, for the webinar environment. Some platforms, like Adobe Connect, allow hosts to set up several templates for meeting rooms (e.g., lobby, presentation, chat, etc.). By having these in place prior to the technical practice for a session, you will save time and give the speaker an idea of the available room configurations. If conducting a series of webinars, you are able to copy the format and settings of an established meeting.
1 week prior
- Conduct a practice session in the environment that will be used the day of the event. Make sure that internet speeds are excellent (wifi should be avoided), that telephones are available if needed, and that microphones are clear and balanced between the host and speaker.
- Run through all slides, transitions, and activities to make sure that everything displays as expected. Make notes on anything that needs to be adjusted and schedule additional checks if necessary.
- Have a few people participate in this session, if possible, so that font sizes, images, and display can be checked on a variety of devices (PC/Mac, tablet, desktop, laptop, etc.) and the presentation can be evaluated from several perspectives (host, speaker, attendee).
- Assign individuals to tasks. Tasks may include starting and stopping the recording, ending the session, serving as timekeeper for any discussions, and moderating any questions.
- Open registration for the event and share with target audiences.
Day of event
- Meet at least 30 minutes prior to the time set for opening the classroom (which is usually 15 minutes before the start of the webinar). Allow more time if there are multiple speakers or unresolved technical issues from the practice session.
- Test and balance the microphone levels for anyone who will be speaking during the event.
- Make sure everyone understands their assigned tasks.
- Relax, get some water, and wait for the event.
- Know that you've planned a new and wonderfully useful session, open the classroom, and start.
- Secrets of Successful Webinars (Online Searcher, Vol. 39, no. 5, Sept./Oct. 2015) - Includes checklists and tips from Mary Ellen Bates and Cathy Chiba on planning, creating, and hosting successful webinars.
- MEB's Amazing Webinar Checklist and Templates (pdf) - A tool created by Mary Ellen Bates to help webinar hosts stay organized through the webinar planning and presentation process.
- Adobe Connect Best Practices for Hosts and Presenters - While specifically designed for Adobe Connect users, this guide offers useful tips for any virtual meeting planner or presenter.
- Best Practices: Deliver a Great Virtual Training Event - by Jaqueline Beck, Learning Solutions Magazine, 2014
- Best Practices for Delivering Virtual Classroom Training (pdf) - Randah McKinnie, Sr., eLearning Solutions, 2008 - Focuses on Adobe's presentation software, but offers suggestions for any virtual classroom environment.
- 12 Strategies for Creating a Webinar that Wows Crowds - by Bruna Martinuzzi of Clarion Enterprises, American Express Open Forum, December 2016
- How to Run a Great Virtual Meeting - by Keith Ferrazzi, Harvard Business Review Online, March 27, 2015
- The 20-Minute Rule for Great Public Speaking--On Attention Spans and Keeping Focus - by Alf Rehn, Professor and Speaker, The Art of Keynoting, April 11, 2016 - An excellent read on the art of crafting quality presentations
- What is the Average Speaking Rate? - by Andrew Dlugan, Six Minutes Speaking and Presentation Skills, Nov. 2012 - An overview to help you calculate your rate of speech (i.e., how quickly you speak) to help you gauge how much content you need for a given time period
- How to use the Rule of Three in Your Speeches - by Andrew Dlugan, Six Minutes Speaking and Presentation Skills, May 2009 - An overview of how to apply the aesthetic Rule of Three to speech
- Planning Accessible Presentations and Webinars - A brief resource with links from the California Department of Rehabilitation
- Accessible Web Conferences and Webinar Best Practices - A guide from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- Best Practice: Captioning Video Content - a summary resource from Blackboard Help that provides an overview of captioning including basic help for using YouTube to add captions to videos.
- Resources: How To's & Best Practices for Closed Captioning - An extensive list of resources from the CCAC (Collaborative for Communication Access vis Captioning), an advocacy and education group to encourage greater accessibility to content through quality captioning.
- 3PlayMedia Resources - An extensive listing of resources related to captioning and other digital accessibility requirements including related US laws and policies, research reports, white papers, and webinars (recorded and live). 3PlayMedia is a professional captioning service based in Boston, MA.
- BBC Subtitle Guidelines - The extensive policy and guidelines from BBC for creating and attaching captions and subtitles to videos. This could provide help with determining fonts, line breaks, and other style assistance as well as other practical information.
- The Dos and Don'ts on Designing for Accessibility - From the Gov.UK blog, these 2016 visual posters designed by Karwai Pun offer clear suggestions and guidelines for designing content for a variety of disabilities and impairments.
Resources and Media
When using images, videos, and music for virtual learning, carefully consider any restrictions on the media. If you have any doubt over proper use and/or attribution requirements or limitations, contact the owner or licencor of the media. CLIR and DLF are not responsible for any misuse of media obtained from the following sources.
- Finding Public Domain Images for Multimedia Projects - An extensive list of public domain image sources including a number of government image sources.
- Free Stock Photos Sites for eLearning - A listing of sites. Some may require registration and some do have limits to the free use for images.
- Free Music Archive (FMA): Music for Video - A special portal within FMA which pre-screens music contributions for use in video. The search capabilities are robust including basic searches like artist and genre to more specific searches like clip length and license type.
- Create Professional Development Certificates from Google Forms using Autocrat - YouTube tutorial from Jeffrey Bradbury, Teachercast Podcast (August 11, 2015) showing how to build a certificate using several Google products.
- Using Autocrat to send personalized PDF certificates via Form Submit - YouTube tutorial by edtech2020, Tim Chase, May 16, 2013
Table of Contents
- About DLF and the Organizers' Toolkit
- Working with Team DLF
- Starting a New Initiative or Working Group
- General Facilitation and Goal-Setting
- Facilitating for Diversity and Inclusion
- Communications and Consensus
- Preventing and Managing Burnout
- Gathering Info/Building Enthusiasm
- Planning an In-Person Meetup
- Setting Up Year-Round Meetings
- Planning Virtual Meetings and Webinars
- Talking and Writing
- Organizing and Sharing Your Work
- In a Nutshell


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