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New Source Review
The New Source Review, (NSR) is a permitting process created by the U.S. Congress in 1977 as part of a series of amendments to the Clean Air Act. The NSR process requires industry to undergo an United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) pre-construction review for environmental controls if a they proposed either building new facilities or any modifications to existing facilities that would create a "significant increase" of a regulated pollutant. The legislation allowed "routine scheduled maintenance" to not be covered in the NSR process. [1] Since the terms "significant increase" and "routine scheduled maintenance" were never precisely defined in legislation, they have been differently interpreted by various Administrations, and have become a source of contention in many lawsuits filed by the EPA, public interest groups, and utilities.
George H. Bush Administration
Wisconsin Energy Corporation Lawsuit
In 1988 the Wisconsin Energy Corporation (WEPCo) submitted an NSR inquiry to the EPA for improvements at its Port Washington, Wisconsin. The improvements included the replacement and repair of aging equipment including steam turbine, major boiler components and significant amounts asbestos remediation. WEPCo initially believed that the plant, built in 1932, would not be subject to the NSR requirements and would instead fall under the "routine maintenance, repair, and replacement". The EPA, however, ruled that the improvements would extend the life of the plant, and constitute a long term and significant increase in the facilities emissions, prompting WEPCo to sue the EPA in federal court. [2]
In 1991 the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals found that the EPA had improperly interpreted the NSR and ruled that work that "does not 'change or alter' the design or nature of the facility", would render the facility exempt from the NSR rules. Rather, it merely allows the facility to operate again as it had before the specific equipment deteriorated." The appeals court also ruled that WEPCo would not emit any more pollutants after the improvements, and agreed with WEPCo that its emissions would actually decrease and that the EPA had miscalculated it estimation of the plants emissions. However the court did agree with the EPA that the repairs and modifications to the plant did not constitute "routine maintenance" [3] After the WEPCo ruling, the EPA continued to take a case by case approach to NSR's at facilities built before 1977, viewing the courts ruling as applying only to the power sector specifically and not to all similar NSR applications in general. [4]
Clinton Administration
After an EPA investigation found that many old coal-fired power plants were modifying or upgrading equipment on aging plants without seeking permits that might trigger a NSR, EPA initiated a broad enforcement action in 1999, suing numerous power companies for not installing modern pollution controls and instigating lawsuits. Under the NSR program, plants that are new or modified must obtain prevention of significant deterioration (PSD) permits, which require the installation of the best available pollution controls.[5]
Duke Energy
Between 1998 and 2000, Charlotte, North Carolina based Duke Energy made twenty nine modifications and upgrades to several of its coal-generated units. The modifications were designed to replace or upgrade older equipment. Duke did not apply for or obtain permits from the EPA for this work, and were sued. The EPA argued that the modifications and upgrades could significantly increase the dispatch capacity of the units, and allow them to operate at higher outputs for longer periods of time, placing Duke in excess of the EPA's Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD), requiring an automatic NSR. [6]
Duke Energy initially prevailed in both the trial as well as the appeal in front of the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, when they ruled that the EPA's rulings were inconsistent with prior decisions and that the EPA's previous interpretation of the NSR would also have to be applied to its application of its PSD rule.[7]. The EPA, along with the North Carolina Sierra Club appealed the decision to the Supreme Court, which in a unanimous decision, overturned the Fourth Circuit's decision. The Court ruled the term "modification" did not have the same meaning in the PSD and NSPS provisions.[8]
George W. Bush Administration
December 2002 NSR Rule
Beginning in 2002, EPA under George W. Bush broadened equipment replacement rules to allow for the replacement of process unit equipment without triggering NSR review. It also carved specific exemptions for "pollution control projects" and "clean units," and proposed allowing a facility to avoid the NSR permitting process when making alterations if actual emissions remain below a cap, creating new methods for calculating baseline emissions and post-change emissions.
On June 24, 2005, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit struck down several aspects of the rule and reaffirmed the program's focus on actual emissions (rather than potential emissions).[9]
2003 rule
EPA's October 2003 Rule changed NSR to allow power plants and other major emitters not to have to upgrade their pollution controls as long as the changes in question cost less than 20% of the replacement value of the facility. A report by the General Accounting Office, the investigative arm of Congress, found that the EPA had relied not on scientific evidence to build the case for the new law.
Twelve states (New York, Connecticut, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Wisconsin) and the District of Columbia sued the Bush Administration in October 2003 to block the changes. On December 24, 2003, a federal court ruled that the new NSR rules could not go into effect until the lawsuit had been fully adjudicated. When the new rules were being proposed, the EPA administrator claimed that the new rules would not stop any enforcement actions against utilities that had been started under the previous administration and were still ongoing, but shortly after the rules were adopted, the EPA decided to drop most of those lawsuits.
On March 17, 2006, the Clean Air Task Force, other citizen groups, and numerous state and local governments, won an unanimous decision from the DC Circuit that permanently invalidated the exemption.[10]
Obama Administration
United States Files Clean Air Act Complaint Against Homer City Power Plant
On January 11, 2011, the U.S. Department of Justice filed a Clean Air Act complaint on behalf of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency against the owners and operators of the Homer City Generating Station, a coal-fired power plant in Homer City, Indiana County, Pa.
According to the complaint filed by the EPA, beginning in 1990 operators of the Homer City Power Plant violated the Clean Air Act New Source Review requirements by making major modifications to the boiler units at the power plant and continuing to operate without first obtaining appropriate permits and installing and operating the best available pollution control technologies to reduce sulfur dioxide and particulate matter.
In addition, the complaint alleged that the plant operators had not disclosed the plant's major modifications, the need for best available control technologies, nor the appropriate emissions limits in their request for a Title V operating permit from Pennsylvania's Department of Environmental Protection. Also, the defendants' Title V permit did not include the required limits on emissions that would be achieved using the best available pollution control technologies.[11]
See also
- Clean Air Interstate Rule
- Clean Air Act
- EPA Coal Plant Settlements
- Retrofit vs. Phase-Out of Coal-Fired Power Plants
- Scrubbers
- Sulfur dioxide and coal
- Transport Rule
- ↑ EPA Factsheet on New Source Review
- ↑ New Source Review for Stationary Sources of Air Pollution. National Research Council. 2006
- ↑ Wisconsin Electric Power vs. Reilly. 1991
- ↑ Air Quality Management in the United States. National Academies Press. 2004. pg 183-187
- ↑ "Enforcing NSR" Clean Air Task Force, accessed Sep. 2011.
- ↑ Environmental Defense v. Duke Energy Corp, Duke University Law School
- ↑ Duke Energy Press Release
- ↑ Environmental Defense v. Duke Energy Corp, Supreme Court Ruling
- ↑ "December 2002 NSR Rule" Clean Air Task Force, accessed Sep. 2011.
- ↑ "October 2003 NSR Rule" Clean Air Task Force, accessed Sep. 2011.
- ↑ "United States Files Clean Air Act Complaint Against Homer City Power Plant " Bonnie Smith, U.S. EPA, January 6, 2011.
Wikipedia also has an article on New Source Review. This article may use content from the Wikipedia article under the terms of the GFDL.


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The Rye-house Plot - Death Of Charles II
A fit of slavishness now befell the English nation, as remarkable in its extent as the late fury against the court and the Catholics. Supported by this mood of the people, Charles caused all the corporations in the king dom to give up their old charters, and accept of new ones, by which he became all-powerful over the elections of magistrates, and consequently, over those of parliamentary representatives should ever another election of that kind take place. The leaders of the late majority in Parliament, comprising the Duke of Monmouth, Lord Russell (son of the Earl of Bed ford), the Earl of Essex, Lord Howard, the famous Algernon Sydney, and John Hampden, grandson of the patriot who first resisted Charles I, being reduced to absolute despair, formed a project for raising an insurrection in London, to be supported by one in the west of England, and another under the Earl of Argyle in Scotland, and the object of which should be confined to a melioration of the government. They were betrayed by an associate named Rumsay, and implicated, by a train of unfortunate circumstances, in a plot for assassinating the king (styled the Rye-house Plot), of which they were perfectly innocent. By the execution of Russell and, Sidney, and some other severities, the triumph of the king might be considered as completed. After having been an absolute sovereign for nearly four years, he died (February 6,1685), professing himself at the last to be a Catholic, and was succeeded by the DUKE OF YORK.
Charles II was a prince of a gay and cheerful disposition, and so noted a sayer of witty things, and so addicted to humorous amusements, that he was called the Merry Monarch.' His wit, shrewdness, and good humor, farm the best side of his character. On the other side, we find a deficiency, of almost every active virtue and of all steady principle. He never allowed any duty of his station, or any claim upon his justice or clemency, to interfere with his own interests, or even to disturb him in his indolent and vicious pleasures. Neglecting his wife, who never had any children, he spent most of his time with his various mistresses, who openly lived at court, and were even received by the queen. Of these ladies, the most remarkable were Louisa Querouaile, whom he created Duchess of Portsmouth, and Barbara Villiers, whom he made Duchess of Cleveland. Six sons of the king by his mistresses were made dukes, and five of these were the progenitors of families in the present English nobility.
During the reign of Charles II, the nation advanced considerably in the arts of navigation and commerce; and the manufactures of brass, glass, silk, hats, and paper, were established. The post-office, set up during the Commonwealth as a means of raising money, was advanced in this reign, and the penny-post was now begun in London by a private person. Roads were greatly improved, and stage-coach traveling was commenced, though not carried to any great extent. During this reign, tea, coffee, and chocolate, which have had a great effect in improving and softening manners, were first introduced. In 1660, the Royal Society was established in London, for the cultivation of natural science, mathematics, and all useful knowledge. The science of astronomy was greatly advanced by the investigations of Flamstead and Halley. But the greatest contribution to science was made by Sir Isaac Newton, whose Principles of Natural Philosophy were published in 1683: in this work, the true theory of planetary motion was first explained, in reference to the principle of gravitation.
Among the literary men of the period, the first place is to be assigned to John Milton, author of the 'Paradise Lost' and other poems: Samuel Butler shines as a humorous and satirical poet, and Edmund Waller as a lyrist. Amongst divines, the highest names connected with the church are those of Jeremy Taylor and Isaac Barrow; while the highest among the Nonconformists are those of Richard Baxter and John Bunyan. The theatre, which had been suppressed during the Commonwealth, was revived in this reign; but the drama exhibited less talent and more licentiousness than it did in the previous reigns. Female characters, which had formerly been acted by men, were now for the first time performed by females.
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subset: commoncrawl


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The Duke Blue Devils Men's Basketball staff has been steady on the recruiting trail of late but they've now returned home, at least for the moment. Such is the busy nature of trying to nail down this coming years class, not to mention gaining an early edge on underclassmen.
There is still [private] no word on Kevon Looney and where he leans, but it's safe to say Duke is right there. The parents seemed sold on the opportunity in Durham but we all know it is eventually up to the kid himself. Looney will make his decision public on October 31st. If you are looking for a leak of where he is leaning, let it be know that his family has for now anyhow, shut down the media.
There has been a lot of paranoia involving Jahlil Okafor and his camp has more or less shut it down for media as well. No date has been officially set as of yet and I do not expect that to change for the next several days. Coach Kyzyzewski and Jeff Capel made a trip to see Okafor recently and by all accounts it was a fruitful visit. Duke is very much in the think of the race here and anybody who tells you differently just doesn't know what they're talking about. No word of late on the package deal and one way to shut down talk of that is to distance yourself from media.
Meanwhile, Tyus Jones is winding down the process and like others, his camp has grown quiet as well. Much of this is due to the family just wanting to sit back and take it all in and I have a feeling you will not hear a whole lot from his way anytime soon as well other than a diary he, along with Okafor, are committed to doing.
Duke has also visited Justise Winslow over the break and all indications are that they are right there. Winslow has yet to make a public date for a decision and the Duke staff continues to work on him for a visit in October. BTW, Arizona is trying to tell him he can co exist with other prospects.
There are a lot of visits being tentatively set but not much is leaking in that it is very liquid in nature but Duke is obviously trying to get guys ready to visit during Countdown to Craziness. I will give you dates if they are released and we should know more as CTC comes around.
The word on Reid Travis is that he enjoyed his visit but his camp is really making sure of their pending decision per sources. Stanford is very much in this race and I'm sure Coach Dawkins is telling him he is their Tyus Jones. This is going to come down to what the kid wants in the way of basketball and education. If he wants to be the man, he will pick Stanford where that type of situation is available. I know what some are thinking, people could point to Dawkins having to win but the Stanford push always education first. Still, Duke offers a good opportunity for education as well and I like the Blue Devils chances here and they've told him how he would be used and such.
Duke is also still in the running for Myles Turner who is red-hot right now. His family seems to be trying to ground him a bit per rumors and Duke did pay him a recent visit and they seemingly feel they are a player for his services. If all goes according to plan, we'll hear from Turner soon.
The Blue Devils stopped in on Charles Matthews and Luke Kennard as well. Every team in the nation seems to be on Kennard but that is not stopping Coach K and company who feel they've made good early in roads. Coach K loves his game at the Nike Peach Jam and it appears he will remain at the very top of the Blue Devils wish list. Matthews has not been real serious yet nut that will change. Malik Newman is also getting attention and a visit and K seems to really like his exploits since playing for Team USA and I think they'll be in the thick of this race.
Another underclassmen Duke visited recently was Diamond Stone. Coach James, Coach K and Capel made the journey to see him around the same time as Turner. It was very much a getting to know you session and by all accounts there is major interest from both sides, meaning all went well.
There is excitement in the air with the season about to start and you can feel it from anyone related to Duke be it the staff or the players. I saw several of the players during the football game last week and all were in good spirits, especially Quinn Cook. We'll be adding to our update on the players which is in the archives soon and we'll be concentrating on hoops a lot more in the coming week.
If any member is reading this and is not on the message board, send me an e-mail at email@example.com and once I check the list, I will okay you for said board. A lot of the quick hit information goes to the board before our updates. [/private]


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- Home
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- Facility, Parks & Permits
- Community Event Permits
Community Event Permits
Definition of a Community Event
A community event is any planned gathering on public property consisting of 50 or more people or any sized event which blocks/reserves access to public property / right of way. Examples of these events include, but are not limited to:- Pre-planned Marches / Demonstrations
- Parades
- Weddings
- Block Parties
- Concerts in the Park
Step by Step Rental Instructions for Community Events
Community events require a permit issued by the City of Emeryville Community Services Department. Please complete the requirements listed below at least 30 days in advance of your event.- Download and review the Community Event Permit Guide and complete the Community Event Permit Application by clicking on the link, emailing firstname.lastname@example.com or in person at:
4727 San Pablo Ave.
Emeryville CA. 94608 - Download and review the Rental Fee Chart - Community Events & Parks
- Submit the Community Event Application and appropriate application fee to Ellen Han. To verify residency please reference this List of Emeryville Resident Addresses
- Once the application is reviewed by the Community Events Committee the applicant will be contacted as soon as possible
- If the application is approved or approved with conditions, all the associated fees must be paid and all the conditions met prior to the rental date
- Once all fees are paid and all conditions are met, a final permit will be issued
Mandatory Permit Requirements
- All Community Events must provide a $1,000,000 Certificate of Event Liability Insurance indemnifying the City of Emeryville.
- Note that Event Liability Insurance is offered through the City of Emeryville / Hub International for those renters unable/unwilling to obtain their own Certificate of Insurance.
- Incorporate the Emeryville Green Ordinances into your event: Recycling / Eco Food-Ware Flyer
Optional Permit Requirements
Depending on your event details, you may be asked to complete these requirements in order to receive your permit.- Events Serving Alcohol: Alcohol may only be served if it is sold by a non-profit organization and that satisfies the following requirements:
- Submit a valid "Daily License (Special One-Day Event Permit)" from the Alcohol Beverage Control (ABC) of California. To complete the application (ABC 221), you'll need permission from the Emeryville Police Department as the "landowner" signee. Contact the Police Department at 510-596-3700.
- Public Alcohol Consumption Fee applies.
- Permission from the Emeryville Police Department (via a written request to serve alcohol) is required. See the Sample Alcohol Request for the recommended content / formatting of of the written request letter.
- Events using certain tents or canopies may be required to apply for a Tent and Canopy Permit from the Alameda County Fire Marshall. Download the Tent and Other Membrane Structures Informational Bulletin here. Contact the Fire Prevention Inspector if you have specific questions at 510-596-3759
Submitting Applications & Questions
Email email@example.com or call 510-596-4395Contact Us
Community Services Department
4727 San Pablo Ave.
Emeryville, CA 94608Ph: (510) 596-4322
Fx: (510) 596-4339Hours
Monday - Friday
9:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m.Park Rental Information
For a list of specific rental guidelines and facility details please click below.


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Last flying Vulcan bomber set to be retired this year
The team behind the multi-million pound project says the massive delta wing aircraft has come to the end of its flying life at the age of 55.
It will in the future be used as the basis of a static education centre.
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Hide AdA spokesman for the Vulcan to the Sky Trust said: "It is with considerable sadness that we have to confirm that we are about to enter the final flying season.
"After she has landed from her last flight this autumn, there will no longer be a flying Vulcan."
Vulcan XH558 served with the RAF between 1960 and 1985 in the bomber, maritime reconnaissance and air-to-air refuelling roles.
The RAF operated XH558 as a display aircraft from 1986 until 1992, when budget cuts forced its retirement.
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Hide AdThen in 2001 began the long process to gather finances to get the aircraft flying again.
More than £7million including lottery funding enabled the engineers to get it flying again in October 2007.
Since it was granted a licence to fly at displays in July 2008, it has been seen by millions across Britain and in Europe.
However frequent appeals for cash have been made to keep the ageing aircraft airborne.
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Hide AdIn 2009 it moved from Leicestershire to RAF Lyneham before finding a new home at Robin Hood Airport in Doncaster, on the site of the former RAF Finningley Vulcan bomber base
The decision has been blamed on three engineering backers withdrawing their support.
Among reasons given were difficulties in assessing the safety of its airframe and engines and problems finding engineers capable of maintaining the aircraft.
The Trust spokesman added: "We are therefore going to work especially hard to make summer 2015 a memorable flying season for every Vulcan enthusiast across the country.
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Hide Ad"We intend to use every flying hour available, taking her to more people than ever before, celebrating other iconic British engineering achievements and saluting the heroes of Britain's legendary V-Force in which she played a vital role during the knife-edge tension of the Cold War."
Watch video of the Vulcan:


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Create a Website Account - Manage notification subscriptions, save form progress and more.
Whenever a position becomes available, the City of Blackfoot's Human Resources Department will create an Employment Opportunity posting. This posting will contain a job posting, statement of minimum education and experience requirements and will include a description of the qualifications required. To be notified of new postings, view the City of Blackfoot Career Opportunities page.
Show All Answers
The City of Blackfoot only accepts applications for open positions; that is, any position which has been advertised and for which we are actively recruiting. A completed employment application is required for any open position. You may attach a resume to your completed employment application; however, it will be reviewed for clarification purposes only. General application or resumes are not accepted or kept on file unless a position is open. For more information email the Human Resources department.
Applications are found for each individual job posting viewing them on the Career Opportunities page.
Applications need to be filled out completely, even if you attach a resume. Do not state "see resume" when asked to describe your responsibilities, experience and employment dates. Your qualifications will be evaluated on the basis of information you provide on the application. Your resume will be reviewed for clarification purposes only.
You must submit a completed "Veteran's Preference" form (even if you are not claiming a Veteran's preference) as well as an "Authorization for Release of Personal Information" form in order for your application to be considered complete.
Please remember the following when logging in:
No, you will not be automatically considered. You may apply for future careers with the City of Blackfoot by logging into your account. Your information should be saved, so you will only need to update any changes in your application to apply for future openings. For more information email the Human Resources department.
Please allow two to three weeks for your application to be reviewed. Applicants selected for further consideration will be notified. For more information email the Human Resources department.


text: I get dozens of emails every week from individuals around the world asking how they can become a photojournalist. It is a difficult question and unfortunately there are no easy answers. There is probably one way to become a photojournalist for every one of us that is working today.However, I do understand the curiosity and there is quite a lot of mystery surrounding the subject. People want to know if it is better to study photojournalism in a university, graduate program or just go out into the field and build a portfolio? Is it better to work with a photo agency or wire service or have a go at it on your own? Where do I start? What do I do? Is it even possible? How long does it take? How much money will I need to get started?


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Our last major MAKEcation initiative this year is a family challenge contest, sponsored by Maker Shed, with some sweet prizes. Here's your challenge:
- Choose a piece of technojunk, some cast-off electronics that you're willing to take apart (modem, cassette or CD player, printer, VCR, scanner, answering machine, TiVo, etc.). DO NOT touch TV sets and steer clear of any power supplies inside of PCs, TiVos, etc. TVs and power supplies can hold dangerous charges inside of them long after they're powered down! If you're unsure what the power supply is on your device, look it up online.
- Gather the family around (whomever wants to participate), take the item apart, and catalog all of the parts you find. You'll need good lighting and a magnifying glass to find all of the parts numbers, manufacturer logos, and other identifying marks and clues. You may even need to desolder some of the parts.
- After you find out as much as you can from the parts themselves, fire up a search engine and see how much you can find out about each component. With some good digital detective work, you should be able to scare up datasheets for most of the parts, and you may even find circuit diagrams, parts lists, and repair manuals. If you do, still go ahead and grab the datasheets for each component and delve deeper into their functions.
- With all of the data you've collected, and spending some time studying the parts and the PCB, you should start to piece together a decent picture of what does what and the basics of how the machine works.
- Once you know what all of the parts are, you'll likely think up some good ideas for what other projects you can make from them. The last part of the challenge is brainstorming these new project ideas.
This may not sound like the most exciting family activity, but once you get into it, the investigative part is more fun than you might think. I did this very activity on a Series 1 TiVo, when I was writing my TiVo hacking book, and I had a ball. You learn a lot about how a piece of consumer electronics is constructed, about the components involved, and it's fun to figure out how they all work together — it's like a big, geeky puzzle. You also get a good feel for the far-flung world of global electronics parts manufacturing, how to read component datasheets, and how to think about reusing old electronics. I did all this by myself, but I can imagine it'd be fun to sit around as a group and discuss what you find and to collectively figure out how it all works together and what you can make from it.
For the contest, we're looking for great documentation (text, photos, links to relevant resources), surprising discoveries and learning experiences (telling us what unusual things you figured out and what you learned during the teardown process), and fun ideas for what sorts of projects you can build from the parts you scavenged. Massive brownie points for actually building something with the parts and showing us that too.
The contest launches today and will run until 11:59 p.m. PDT on September 24, 2010. Winners will be announced on September 29, 2010. The prizes, provided by Maker Shed, are:
Grand Prize (1): A Make: Electronics Toolkit (valued at $110)
Second Prize (1): A Make: Circuit Breaker Leatherman tool (ES4) (valued at $36)
Third Prize (1): A 54-Piece Bit Driver Kit (valued at $19.95)
The next top 10 highest scoring entries will receive a Maker's Notebook.
You can enter as many teardowns as you like, as long as they're all different.
(Note that you don't have to actually be a family to participate. If you want to do this as a hackerspace activity, or even as an individual, that's fine. We're just hoping that families will partake.)
Full contest details, and a link to the entry form, are on the MAKEcation Family Challenge Technojunk Teardown page.
If you need some inspiration for what a productive teardown and documentation process looks like, check out these links:
Join Make: Community Today


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Photo Contest Finalist: Horseshoe Crabs Go Wild
For a few weeks between late May and early June, horseshoe crabs in Delaware Bay storm the shoreline to spawn, and it's a spectacle that spoke to the creative side of photographer Nick Tucey. "I wanted to capture the action of waves crashing upon a pod of horseshoe crabs," Tucey says. "This photo is important to me because it captures an amazing wildlife event that occurs in the mid-Atlantic for only a brief time each year. My wife and I enjoyed watching and photographing this ancient species—which predate the dinosaurs—as they came ashore. We also assisted a number of horseshoe crabs that were stranded in the rocks and stuck upside down so they could crawl back into the Bay to continue their life-cycle."
Tucey's snapshot is one of 50 images selected as finalists in Smithsonian magazine's 8th annual photo contest. You have until March 31, 2011 to vote for your favorite photographs, and the winner—along with the category and Grand Prize winners chosen by Smithsonian editors—will be announced July 1, 2011. And if you're an aspiring shutterbug yourself, consider entering your work into the 9th annual photo contest, which is open for submissions until December 1, 2011.


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Professional instructors of English as a second language may wish to earn a PhD in ESL TESOL. A doctoral degree in education is typically meant for practicing educators who want to learn about education theory and research within their specialty, and how to apply it.
If you have the desire to learn more about education theory and research as it relates to the area of ESL (English as a Second Language)/TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages), then earning a doctorate in ESL/TESOL may be an option might want to consider.
PhD in ESL TESOL programs are designed to help prepare higher education ESL teachers, teacher educators, supervisors, administrators, researchers and curriculum/materials developers to pursue careers in an industry that is expected to keep growing into the future. But more importantly, they are designed to help prepare students to be able to research all facets of ESL/TESOL and to formally prepare ESL teachers.
Many of the doctoral level programs you'll find in universities across the country are associated with a school's department of English, linguistics or education. Students who are interested in earning a PhD in ESL TESOL should research the various programs available to them and then decide what type of doctoral degree is best suited to their needs.
A PhD in TESOL, a PhD in Applied Linguistics or an EdD in ESL are three options that may be available to students, but there are other variations of doctorate degrees that you may want to explore.
Some colleges offer a PhD in education with a TESOL certification. In other schools you can take the school's language, literacy and culture concentration. This type of program leads to a PhD in language, literacy and culture, with a TESOL specialization, while other universities offer doctoral degrees in curriculum and instruction with a specialization in TESOL.
The goals of Doctorate programs in ESL/TESOL are based on providing students with the knowledge and skills to oversee ESL programs, conduct the research, or teach at the university level.
There are other teaching goals that are equally important to remember as you study for your doctorate in ESL/TESOL and that many colleges and universities follow as they educate or train students to respect and appreciate all languages and cultures. They include the following:
Pursuing a PhD in ESL TESOL may prove to be a worthwhile endeavor if you are truly interested in the science behind second language acquisition and learning in detail the teaching and learning techniques that are essential to this specialized area of education. If you already hold a master's degree in ESL/TESOL, the next logical step may be to earn that PhD.
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Could Alice Cooper's New Guitarist End Up In Playboy Magazine?
Classic rock stars such as Bob Dylan and John Lennon have appeared via interviews in Playboy over the years. Few, however, have ever been extended an opportunity to grace the pages of the magazine quite like Alice Cooper's new guitarist Nita Strauss.
In a recent interview with the Examiner, Strauss was asked about a recent appearance she made on Playboy Radio, and if it would lead to a future photo spread in the racy publication. "They joked about it a lot," she recalled. "They didn't put an official offer on the table. But they definitely threw it out there. My joking response was, 'Maybe with a strategically placed guitar' (laughs). I don't think it's actually in the future, but it's fun to joke about."
Strauss went on to defend some scantily clad photos of herself that appeared in a feature titled 'Hot Chick in Hard Rock' in Revolver Magazine, making the case that her appearance does not detract from her abilities on the fretboard. "If you want to look at the photos in Revolver and think, 'This girl's trying to get attention because she looks the way she does,' then that's fine," she said. "I'm still going to do my same practice regimen, and I'm still going to get on stage and do all my guitar set-ups and swap out my own pickups. I'm still going to do all that stuff too. People are always going to talk."
Strauss, a former member of the all-female Iron Maiden tribute band the Iron Maidens, joined up with Cooper last month following the departure of the singer's latest lead player, Orianthi. Currently she is on the road with Uncle Alice in support of Motley Crue's heralded 'Final Tour.'


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E8:What do you hope people can learn from your career path?
Adia: There are several things that I want listeners to take away from my career path. I want to show people what real life looks like. I want to show people how real faith works and how music, in its most real and honest form, can help to lighten loads and transform lives. I want people to be honest with their selves and where they are in their life and realize that it is not about perfection but more about progress and submission to the will of God. From an artistic perspective, I want our generation to be free in their creativity. I want them to be inspired and unashamed to let their light shine however the Lord gives it to them. There are no limits to what we can do! We serve the creator of all things creative.
E8: What been your greatest lesson in life?
Adia:greatest lesson in my life thus far has been learning how to submit to God's will for my life. I wasted a lot of time trying to do things my way. In this season, for me personally, I am focused on being in right alignment with God's will for my life.
E8:Who is your hero and why?
Adia:Grandmother, Ada Mae Crutcher is my hero! My Grandmother is the strongest woman I have ever met. She lived a long hard life but no matter how hard life got she never once lost sight of her faith. I witnessed her live a bold life for Christ everyday of her life, literally until her last breath and for that, she will always be my hero.
E8: What encourages you to get up and go on?
Adia: we do isn't an easy task. We put our lives, our time, our hearts, our minds and our souls on display in hopes that our testimonies will aid in saving our generation. The fuel to my fire daily is knowing that God is using my gift for a purpose far beyond me. My service to the Kingdom is exactly that, a service. I am just grateful that he chose me!
Here is the world premiere!
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New Music: Adia 'In Your Seat' [EXCLUSIVE VIDEO] was originally published on elev8.com


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His Day is Done
A tribute poem for Nelson Mandela by Maya Angelou on behalf of the American People
His day is done. Is done. The news came on the wings of a wind, reluctant to carry its burden.
Nelson Mandela's day is done.
The news, expected and still unwelcome reached us in the United States and suddenly our world became somber.
Our skies were leadened, his day is done.
We see you, South African people standing speechless at the slamming of that final door through which no traveler returns.
Our spirits reach out to you Bantu, Zulu, Xhosa, Boer.
We think of you and your son of Africa, your father, your one more wonder of the world.
We send our souls to you as you reflect upon your David armed with a mere stone facing down the mighty Goliath.
Your man of strength, Gideon, emerging triumphant.
Although born into the brutal embrace of Apartheid
Scarred by the savage atmosphere of racism, unjustly imprisoned in the bloody maws of South African dungeons
Would the man survive? Could the man survive?
His answer strengthened men and women around the world.
In the Alamo, in San Antonio, Texas on the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, in Chicago's Loop,
In New Orleans Mardi Gras, in New York City's Times Square,
we watched as the hope of Africa sprang through the prison's doors.
His stupendous heart intact, his gargantuan will hale and hearty.
He had not been crippled by brutes, nor was his passion for the rights of human beings diminished by twenty-seven years of imprisonment
even here in America we felt the cool, refreshing breeze of freedom.
When Nelson Mandela took the seat of Presidency in his country where formerly he was not even allowed to vote
We were enlarged by tears of pride, as we saw Nelson Mandela's former prison guards invited, courteously, by him to watch from the front rows his inauguration.
We saw him accept the world's award in Norway with the grace and gratitude of the Solon in Ancient Roman Courts.
And the confidence of African Chiefs from ancient royal stools.
No sun outlasts its sunset but it will rise again and bring the dawn.
Yes Mandela's day is done, yet we, his inheritors will open the gates wider for reconciliation
and we will respond generously to the cries of Blacks and Whites, Asians, Hispanics, the poor who live piteously on the floor of our planet.
He has offered us understanding, we will not withhold forgiveness even from those who do not ask.
Nelson Mandela's Day is Done, we confess it in tearful voices yet we lift our own to say thank you.
Thank you our Gideon, thank you our David, our great courageous man.
We will not forget you, we will not dishonor you,
We will remember and be glad that you lived among us, that you taught us, and that you loved us all.
Ed's Note: Addis Standard received this poem from the US Embassy in Addis Ababa


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The minutes of the Antrim ministers' meeting, 1654–8
Mark Sweetnam, editor
These minutes record the business conducted at the regular meetings of the Presbyterian ministers and elders who formed the leadership of the predominantly Ulster-Scots community in Antrim. They provide an unparalleled insight into the concerns and pressures that helped to shape the identity and inform the practice of that community in a precarious and difficult period, as they enjoyed a brief period of toleration under the Cromwellian regime. These minutes are of outstanding historical value, not least because they are among the earliest surviving records of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland. In addition, the meetings' concentration on the details of everyday life provides us with information that cannot easily be reconstructed from other sources. The minutes appear here in print for the first time, with a comprehensive introduction and apparatus.
Mark S. Sweetnam is a research fellow in the School of History at Trinity College Dublin. He has published widely on literature and theology, with a particular focus on the early modern period, and on digital humanities.


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Pelican 1400
Sizing: Carolina Custom Foam suggests replacing the foam to work with the item you wish to store. Because there are so many different thicknesses of foam, we carry a few that will help you get very close to spec.
Corners: We highly suggest you push the corners of the foam, into the rounded corners of the case. This will give a tight hold and the foam will conform to the corners overtime, giving you a tight, perfect look.
According to the case manufactures website the spec are:
Lid Depth: 1.18 in. Base Depth: 4.0 in.
There are no products in this category.


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Possible Duplicate:
How can I get apps from the Amazon app store from an unsupported region?
I followed a tutorial that would allow me to access the amazon android app store. When I filled everything out, (account, address, one-click, etc.) it still won't allow me to download, saying that it isn't in my region.
I used this tutorial. What's the problem?


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White House issues plan to protect online privacy
The White House on Thursday proposed a bill of rights that would give consumers greater online privacy protection and could eventually give the government greater powers to police Internet firms such as Google Inc and Facebook.
While the privacy bill of rights does not impose any immediate new obligations on online companies, President Barack Obama said it was part of a broader plan to give Americans more control over how their personal data was used on the Internet.
In conjunction with the announcement, advertising networks associated with Google Inc, Yahoo Inc and Microsoft Corp said they have agreed to act on Do Not Track technology for web browsers, something the Federal Trade Commission has been advocating since 2010.
American consumers can't wait any longer for clear rules of the road that ensure their personal information is safe online, Obama said in a statement.
As the Internet evolves, consumer trust is essential for the continued growth of the digital economy. That's why an online privacy Bill of Rights is so important.
Internet giants such as Google and Facebook have been accused of quietly tracking their customers' online activities and then using that data to generate advertising revenue.
A group of 36 state attorneys general sent a letter to Google on Wednesday with concerns about the search giant's plans to begin sharing users' personal information across Google products on March 1 without giving consumers an opt-in option.
It rings hollow to call their ability to exit the Google products ecosystem a 'choice' in an Internet economy where the clear majority of all Internet users use - and frequently rely on - at least one Google product on a regular basis, the National Association of Attorneys General said in the letter.
Lawmakers have expressed an interest in cracking down on online tracking, but have done little to curtail the practice.
Internet companies have tried to get ahead of reforms by adopting privacy policies, but have still come under fire from Congress and consumer groups for not being upfront about how they use information on users' online activities.
The U.S. Commerce Department will work with companies and privacy advocates to develop enforceable privacy policies based on the bill of rights, said the White House.
Facebook's chief privacy officer, Erin Egan, said the social networking site looked forward to helping develop enforceable codes of conduct that would balance the public's demand for new ways to interact and share.
The Digital Advertising Alliance, a self-regulatory body representing media and marketing trade associations, said on Thursday it would immediately begin work to add tools to browsers that consumers can use to express their preferences for data collection.
Stu Ingis, the group's general counsel, said he expected within nine months for browsers to include a simple, clear mechanism for consumers to opt-out of data collection.
The administration said it was highlighting this action by online advertisers as an example of the kind of progress that can be made through voluntary action.
Marc Rotenberg, executive director of the Electronic Privacy Information Center, called Obama's privacy rights statement the clearest articulation of the right to privacy by a U.S. president in history.
But there are real concerns about implementation and enforcement, he added.
Privacy advocate Jeffrey Chester cautioned against letting industry hijack the do-not-track system.
The new... scheme will enable companies to continue to collect profiling data on users, and merely prevent the delivery of targeted ads, Chester said.
He warned against allowing these efforts to derail the Worldwide Web Consortium standards group's efforts to develop a more effective safeguard that would allow consumers to completely cut off collection of their personal information.
Obama's announcement comes as he hones his strategy for winning re-election in November. Obama is holding himself up as a champion of everday Americans who does not impede the business community's contribution to economic growth.
The planned privacy bill of rights consists of seven basic protections consumers should expect from companies.
Consumers would have control over the kind of data companies collect, companies must be transparent about data usage plans and respect the context in which it is provided and disclosed. Companies would have to ensure secure and responsible handling of the data and be accountable for strong privacy measures.
The bill of rights also calls for reasonable limits on the personal data that online companies can try to collect and retain and the ability of consumers to access and ensure the accuracy of their own data.
While companies can voluntarily choose whether to adopt these principles, those that do commit could face enforcement action for straying from the principles.
Federal Trade Commission Chairman Jon Leibowitz said a failure to meet privacy commitments once adopted could be a deceptive act or practice, warranting FTC fines or other action.
Still, he expected companies to come on board as strong privacy protections encourage trust in Internet commerce. That in turn fuels growth of the cyber economy and all other uses of the Internet, Leibowitz said.
The FTC issued a draft privacy report in December 2010 that called for more privacy by design, choice and transparency. A final report is expected soon.
(Reporting By Jasmin Melvin; Additional reporting by Diane Bartz; Editing by Michael Perry and Tim Dobbyn)
(This story update corrects the 16th paragraph to show Rotenberg was referring to Obama's privacy rights statement)
© Copyright Thomson Reuters 2024. All rights reserved.


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The runways at Fashion Week are great and all, don't get us wrong, but there's a whole other jam-packed itinerary going round that's even more insane. Except this agenda usually starts around 10 p.m. (or later). Yes, we're talking about the after-party circuit — those late-night ragers that keep the style set going well into the wee hours. You know, when they should be home catching some beauty rest for their next big day. Instead, they're partying with Prabal, getting down at the MoMA, and dancing with yours truly to the musical stylings of Twin Shadows. It's these select events that make Fashion Week a 'round-the-clock affair — and leave us suffering from fun overload and the occasional bout of FOMO.
We've rounded up some snaps that perfectly capture the other side of NYFW. Consider this flipbook the late-night street-style slideshow you haven't seen.


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Review Board Co-Chair and Issa Still in Discussions on Benghazi Testimony
Negotiations center on House oversight panel subpoena demanding private interview on the board's work.
The top House oversight chairman on Wednesday announced that former Ambassador Thomas Pickering, co-chair of the State Department's independent Accountability Review Board, has agreed to voluntarily appear for a transcribed interview with congressional staff. But Pickering told Government Executive that "discussions are ongoing, and it is my hope to reach firm arrangements shortly."
Last week, House Oversight and Government Reform Committee Chairman Darrell Issa, R-Calif., subpoenaed Pickering for a deposition after he declined to voluntarily meet with staff in closed-door sessions, proposing instead to testify only at a public hearing, on a date still to be set.
"Today, Ambassador Pickering reached an agreement with the Oversight Committee to voluntarily appear for a transcribed interview and answer all questions posed by committee investigators," Issa said in a press release. "As such, I have lifted his legal obligation to appear [on Thursday] for a deposition. His appearance for a transcribed interview with committee investigators has been rescheduled for a date in the near future."
Issa continued: "I appreciate his decision to cooperate on a voluntary basis with our committee's investigation of the Benghazi attack. Our investigation includes an examination of criticisms career State Department officials have made about the ARB report being 'incomplete' and letting senior officials 'off the hook.' " To date, Issa added, "this effort has been limited by the State Department's unwillingness to provide critical documents. This transcribed interview will help the committee prepare for a public hearing with the ambassador and his ARB co-chair Adm. Michael Mullen."


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If you're looking for the best year-round indoor amusements in the Greenwood, Columbus, Indianapolis, Center Grove, and Franklin area, Urban Air Trampoline and Adventure park is the perfect place. With new adventures behind every corner, we are the ultimate indoor playground for your entire family. Take your kids' birthday party to the next level or spend a day of fun with the family and you'll see why we're more than just a trampoline park.
Since the beginning, we have always gone above and beyond to keep our guests safe and healthy. We're excited to welcome you to our park and with even more safety measures in place, our guests are thrilled too. Hear from families just like you who've come to Urban Air since we reopened.


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A high profile 2008 initiative that would have poured $150 million into cash strapped areas of Northern Ireland never saw the light of day.
Announced at the time by New York City comptroller William C. Thompson Jr., the investment officer for the city's multi billion-dollar pension funds, the plan committed $150 million from the city's public employee pension funds to help bolster the peace process in the North.
'We talked to people about how peace would make Northern Ireland a great place for investment,' Thompson told the press in 2009.
The deal was signed on April 11 2008, in New York on the 10th anniversary of the Good Friday peace agreement.
But according to the New York Times, twenty months later not a penny of that pension money had been invested in Northern Ireland.Thompson, pulled the plug on the investment in December 2010.
The decision to stop the much heralded investment is extremely unusual and the Times reports it has carried a significant cost.
The city has reportedly paid $3 million in management fees to Emerald Infrastructure Development Fund, the group of investors that had been chosen by Thompson's office to invest in Ireland.
Emerald Infrastructure in turn reportedly paid $250,000 of the city's money to William Howell, an old friend and campaign contributor to Thompson.
According to the Times, Howell served as the deal's placement agent. He brought money managers who wanted a slice of city and state pension business together with pension trustees. But in 2009 New York City banned the use of placement agents after repeated scandals.
Hearing of Howell's lucrative role in the proceedings Thompson reportedly expressed his surprise at his old friend's good fortune. 'I knew he had an involvement,' Thompson said. 'I just didn't know he was the placement person.'
The latest revelation comes at a delicate time for Thompson, who is running for mayor, as he points to his role as steward of the city's money. His tenure as comptroller is seen as his the best benchmark to gauge his experience as an executive.
Thompson reportedly took a personal interest in the Northern Ireland deal and helped to shape it over the course of two years. But now he argues that the deal went south because the Irish economy imploded in 2008. Thompson also reminded the press he was just one of more than 30 officials who signed off on the deal.
But critics counter that Thompson was the chief investment officer for the city, and responsible for guiding pension investments.
Emerald Development Managers, which ran the investment fund, reportedly offered several responses to the controversy on Monday. At first, the company stated that Howell had no affiliation with it. Later it acknowledged the proposed deal had 'originally classified Howell as a partner.'
Howell did not return several phone calls from the Times. The paper also claimed that New Mexico officials sued Howell and other placement agents, charging that they unjustly enriched themselves in a pension-placement scandal.
The original plan promised to be a difficult investment, the Times wrote. A fragile peace was holding in the North and investment in green energy, in waste treatment and in infrastructure, was needed.
At the time Thompson's office recommended Emerald Infrastructure Development Project, registered in the Cayman Islands and formed specifically for this investment contract.
None of the principals involved in the plan had much experience investing in Northern Ireland. The Times reported that Emerald's original proposal did not even include an office in Northern Ireland.


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Non-sexual HPV Transmission
Q: After my pap smear showed abnormal cells, my doctor performed a colposcopy and found "HPV effects." She insists that the disease was acquired through sexual transmission, but my husband and I are monogamous childhood sweethearts and neither of us has ever had another sexual partner. Is non-sexual transmission of HPV possible?
Dr. Donnica: Non-sexual transmission of human papilloma virus (HPV) is controversial, but definitely possible. One small study even showed that exposure may occur via shaking hands with someone who has genital warts! [Sexually Transmitted Infections 1999 Oct;75(5):317-9].
Another study [Scand J Infect Dis 1996;28(3):243-6] concluded that transmission of genital HPV infection via floor or seat surfaces in public buildings, swimming pools, or family homes is highly unlikely. It is documented that infected mothers can pass HPV to their offspring in the course of a vaginal delivery [Rev Med Virol 1999 Jan-Mar;9(1):15-21], but this would be detected in the linings of the nose and mouth.
Your colposcopy results are not infallible. You should ask your doctor to do a specific HPV test on you. Even if that is positive, as long as you and your husband are confident that your relationship has been mutually monogamous, it doesn't help matters to try to figure out how you may have been infected. What matters most is to discuss a plan with your doctor about how you will monitor your pap smears going forward.
Created: 5/16/2003  - Donnica Moore, M.D.
All the content contained herein is copyrighted pursuant to federal law. Duplication or use withoutthe express written permission of DrDonnica.com subjects the violator to both civil & criminal penalties.Copyright © 2006 DrDonnica.com. All rights reserved.


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(The following is a story written by Jason Steinhauer of the John W. Kluge Center for the Library of Congress staff newsletter, The Gazette.)
David Grinspoon expected an office inside the Library of Congress to be a great opportunity to write and research. How it would enable him to shape the debate on the future of our planet – that he did not anticipate.
"It's been incredible. A dream-come-true. Unbelievable," the outgoing Baruch S. Blumberg NASA/Library of Congress Chair in Astrobiology said recently when asked about his yearlong residence at The John W. Kluge Center.
"The community of scholars at the Kluge Center has surprised me," said Grinspoon, whose tenure ended Oct. 31. "You want to hide in your office and write, but in the center people are working on fascinating projects that have unexpected synergies with yours.
"A scholar says, 'Have you read this?' and it turns out to be invaluable to your research. The contact with other scholars has been so stimulating and so fruitful."
The Library collections and staff proved another surprise.
"The Library has everything a scholar could want," Grinspoon said. "But the people who navigate that – they perform wizardry, digging things out that I didn't know existed."
Grinspoon cited as an example the philosophical writings of Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, a Soviet rocket scientist and pioneer of astronautic theory – and an important source in Grinspoon's research.
"Tsiolkovsky had writings related to how we would evolve and transcend Earth," Grinspoon said. "But everyone I contacted said the writings were only in Russian. I mentioned this to Peg Clifton, one of the science librarians, and a week later English translations, books, pamphlets and theses started showing up in my office.
"I now have a half a shelf in my office of Tsiolkovsky philosophy in English. That seemed miraculous and encapsulates what's so great about working here."
The greatest impact has been Grinspoon's ideas. Grinspoon's research has been astrobiological investigation into the Anthropocene Era, the name given by some scientists to the current era in the Earth's history wherein humans are the key drivers of geological and climatic change. It's a controversial topic, involving issues of climate change, evolution and the future of human life on the planet.
Astrobiology, Grinspoon said, brings an important perspective to the debate.
"Astrobiology is the scientific study of life in universe," Grinspoon said. "Another way to say it is that astrobiology is about the relationship between life and planets. If you look at it that way, the Anthropocene is an interesting phase. It's a fundamental change in the relationship between life and Earth. Life has always perturbed Earth, but are we now fundamentally transforming it? Studying the Anthropocene helps us answer what happens to complex life on planets, and what challenges life faces if it is to continue."
The longevity of human life has been a central theme of discussion at the Kluge Center during Grinspoon's tenure.
Throughout the year, he invited scientists and scholars to the center to confer on the Anthropocene. As astrobiology chair, he lectured at the Library of Congress, NASA headquarters, NASA Goddard Research Center, the Philosophical Society of Washington, the Carnegie Institute, the National Academy of Sciences and The American Association for the Advancement of Science.
His research at the center was cited by the New Yorker Elements, New York Times DotEarth blog, Air & Space Smithsonian Magazine, the Chronicle of Higher Education, Slate and Astrobiology Magazine.
And, on Sept.12, he convened scientists, scholars, science-fiction authors and journalists in a daylong symposium to discuss the longevity of human civilization. The event was attended by 150 people and live-tweeted more than 700 times around the world.
Grinspoon also met with U.S. Rep. Lamar Smith, chairman of the House Committee on Science, Space and Technology, in a relationship brokered by the Kluge Center and the Congressional Relations Office.
"It's been enlightening," Grinspoon said of the conversations. "I'm working on a perspective, not policy, which I think makes it easier to converse. I'm working on ideas about humanity and how we need to engage with our planet and fellow humans. We as scholars can engage in a less-threatening way on the big-picture questions facing Members of Congress. I like to think that can percolate down into the kinds of decisions policymaker have to make."
The big-picture questions are where Grinspoon is turning his focus.
"We've entered a new era in the geological evolution of the Earth," he said. "We're not just another species. Our presence is a significant perturbation, a fundamental change in the way the planet is operating. We're managing this planet. But we don't really know how to manage a planet."
Grinspoon said it's analogous to waking up and realizing you're at the wheel of a truck you don't know how to drive.
"We better learn, or we'll drive ourselves off the road," he said.
His ideas include fostering more global decision-making and encouraging more long-term thinking. But he stressed he's advocating a mindset, not policy.
"I'm trying to express an informed perspective on how the human race needs to see itself," he said. "I've become more optimistic during this year. There's a global community that is slowly evolving that may bring us to be where we need to be. I'm eager to see where we go from here."
As where Grinspoon does go from here?
"I want to keep doing space research and comparative climatology," he said. "But the year here has made me more focused on Earth and how to solve our problems. I want to try to be helpful in a more direct way. I want to align space and planetary science to ensure human survival."
The Library previously caught up with Grinspoon when he began his research at the Kluge Center. You can read about it here.


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BARCELONA, Spain--(BUSINESS WIRE)--At Mobile World Congress 2019 in Barcelona, Intel is displaying – through new product announcements, partnerships and innovative customer use cases – how the cloud, devices and edge computing are fueling the network to transform and, in turn, unlock limitless opportunities across 5G.
Customers AT&T*, Ericsson*, Nokia*, Rakuten*, Sony*, Warner Bros.* and others are highlighting how they are innovating and expanding their businesses through the ability to successfully move, store and process massive amounts of data rapidly and efficiently.
More: Intel at 2019 MWC | Cloud-Based Network Transformation from Core to Edge Propels 5G Revolution
In addition to announcing new products uniquely tailored for delivering increased computing capability at the edge and further advances to its network technology innovation with the industry, Intel also is announcing initial customer adoption for its 10nm base station system-on-chip (SoC), code-named Snow Ridge.
"As the cloud fuels the network to transform and computing at the
edge drives innovation, the opportunity for 5G becomes limitless. Intel
is delivering new products and innovation to propel the adoption of 5G
and empower our customers and partners to grow their businesses."
Sandra Rivera, Intel senior vice president and general manager of the
Network Platforms Group
5G Base Stations Get Smarter: There is no area gaining more industry attention than the network edge and, in particular, radio access networks (RAN) and base station computing. First unveiled at CES 2019, Snow Ridge is Intel's 10nm system-on-chip (SoC) technology for wireless base stations. Intel today announced that Ericsson is adopting Intel's Snow Ridge next-generation silicon to further evolve its 5G base station product lines. To deliver its unique 5G solutions, Ericsson is using Snow Ridge as a component along with its custom silicon to deliver market-leading RAN Compute* solutions. We expect to be in production on Snow Ridge in the second half of this year.
Intel Extends Cloud Architectures to the Network Core and Edge: Intel has built compelling solutions for service providers as they transform their networks for 5G. With the upcoming launch of the next Intel® Xeon® Scalable platform family member, Cascade Lake, Intel will enable telecommunications service providers to seize new cloud and network opportunities and optimize their data center, core and edge environments to meet growing computing, artificial intelligence and storage demands. Intel will provide more details as it nears launch.
Power and Acceleration for the Edge: Along with the cloud and wireless access, the network edge is a critical point of innovation for global infrastructure providers and operators who are building out cloud-based network solutions.
To this end, Intel has delivered new products and open source software innovation with the industry. Intel today is launching the new Intel® FPGA Programmable Acceleration Card N3000 (Intel® FPGA PAC N3000) that is specifically designed for the acceleration of virtualized network functions ranging from 5G RAN to core network applications. Customers Rakuten and Affirmed Networks* are currently sampling the Intel FPGA PAC N3000 for product delivery in 2019's third quarter.
Intel additionally provided a first look at its upcoming Intel Xeon D family product, code-named Hewitt Lake. Hewitt Lake is expected to deliver a power-efficient SoC configuration tailored for exceptional computing at the edge and for security and storage solutions that typically face both power and space constraints.
The Open Network Edge Services Software (OpenNESS) toolkit is designed to foster open collaboration and application innovation at the network and enterprise edge. OpenNESS is an open-source reference software that we are making available to enable the ecosystem to create and deploy new edge applications and services. It helps simplify network complexity for developers and enables secure on-boarding of edge services. OpenNESS will make it easier for cloud and internet of things developers to engage with a worldwide ecosystem of hardware, software and solutions integrators to develop new 5G and edge use cases and services.
Intel Modems Move 5G Forward: While Intel's network and edge solutions create a cloud-based foundation that enables 5G, Intel's 5G modem products also play a major role in moving forward 5G adoption.
Intel today is announcing a collaboration with Skyworks* to co-optimize the multimode 5G radio frequency (RF) solution for the Intel® XMM™ 8160 5G modem.
The XMM 8160 platform will be highly scalable and targeted to all tiers and market verticals with support for 2G, 3G, CDMA, TDSCDMA, LTE, 5G and GNSS, spanning mobile, automotive, wearables, cellular infrastructure and IoT markets. The platform, including RF front end, will be available in 2019's fourth quarter for product certification purposes at select customers, with broad availability targeted for the first quarter of 2020.
Additionally, Fibocom*, a leading manufacturer of cellular M.2 modules, is announcing today that it will enhance its product portfolio and integrate the Intel XMM 8160 5G modem. In support of this news, gateway manufacturing vendors D-Link*, Arcadyan*, Gemtek* and VVDN* announced they are adopting the Intel XMM 7560 gigabit LTE modem for their gateway solutions, with upgrade plans to move to the Intel XMM 8160 5G modem in early 2020.
About Intel
Intel (NASDAQ: INTC), a leader in the semiconductor industry, is shaping the data-centric future with computing and communications technology that is the foundation of the world's innovations. The company's engineering expertise is helping address the world's greatest challenges as well as helping secure, power and connect billions of devices and the infrastructure of the smart, connected world – from the cloud to the network to the edge and everything in between. Find more information about Intel at newsroom.intel.com and intel.com.
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the United States and other countries.
*Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.


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How should I go about answering "Why do you deserve to win this scholarship?" without sounding cocky? This is my first scholarship application and I'm a freshman student at a community college.
Good question, Emilio – why do you deserve a scholarship? Notice the emphasis on the "you" and not necessarily the "why." Anyone can come up with stock answers as to why they should get a scholarship (I need it, don't have enough to go to school, my dog died, etc) – but as I judge, I want to know why YOU? What makes you more deserving than Bob over here?
So make sure first and foremost you dig deep inside and separate yourself from the other applicants. Everyone needs this scholarship, or they wouldn't be wasting their time applying for it. Find what makes you unique and emphasize that.
Apart from talking about yourself and why you deserve it more than others, really get into the meat of what you will do with it. No – not "I'll pay for school." What will you turn that degree into? What do you plan to do with your life once you get your degree? If you have no plan or just plan to go work in a cubicle, as a judge, I am likely going to lean toward awarding the scholarship to someone who at least has a plan to make a difference in the world. I don't necessarily want to give my money to Dilbert. I want someone who has a vision and wants to make a big difference. Tell me why I won't regret giving you the money.
Of course those aren't the only two answers – just a couple that I really like to see as a judge. What about you? Surely some of you have great ideas for Emilio & the rest of us. Anyone out there win a scholarship with a good answer to this question? If so – let us know!


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Jason Aldean hits the road in 2024 with Jake Owen & Thomas Rhett in his 2024 Night Train Tour. Aldean will be making a few historic stops at baseball stadiums throughout the USA, such as Wrigley Field in Chitown, Fenway Park in Beantown, and Sandford Stadium in Atlanta. The first Fenway show sold out within minutes but he plans to add another. The Night Train also plans to roll into many arenas accross the country so be on the lookout because tickets are going fast!
The Jason Aldean 2013 Night Train Tour is expected to be one of the most popular and visually awesome country music tours this season. Aldean is sure to wow audiences with live performances of his heartfelt hit songs and will be joined by some of today's top musical artists for an unforgettable evening of music. Jason Aldean has been passionate about music since his childhood in Georgia. He has become one of country music's most popular stars with a phenomenal 17 top-ten singles. He is a RIAA multiplatinum artist and has an astonishing 16 major music. Aldean has sold more than 7 million albums and has sold out a number of live shows since his appearance on the country music scene in 2005. This year he also made his acting debut in the upcoming western film, "Sweetwater". He continues his success with his newest album release, Night Train. Its second single, "Take a Little Ride", spent three weeks at number one.
The 2013 Night Train Tour promises to be one the most memorable to date. The show will visit a number of cities from coast to coast including; New York, Sacramento, Atlanta, Phoenix, Nashville, Austin and Washington D.C.
The show will feature state of the art video and sound as well an exciting, high energy show. Aldean will be performing his top hits as well as many singles from his newest release. He will be joined by a talented collection of guest artists which include; Luke Bryan, Miranda Lambert, Jake Owen, and Thomas Rhett. Pop Rock sensation Kelly Clarkson, who collaborated with Aldean & carshield.com on the single "Don't You Wanna Stay," will perform during certain tour dates.
Fans are encouraged to purchase their tickets early in order to experience this once in a lifetime concert. Many dates have already sold out.


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BROWNWOOD – August 28, 2012 – Samantha Guerrero, a Howard Payne University junior from Big Lake, has been selected to receive a $2,400 UPS Scholarship provided through the Independent Colleges and Universities of Texas (ICUT) Foundation.
Guerrero, the daughter of Juan and Gloria Guerrero of Big Lake, is a 2010 graduate of Reagan County High School. She is an English major working toward her goal of becoming a teacher and coach, and she competes on both the tennis and cheer teams. She also works as a dance instructor at the Boys & Girls Club of Brown County.
The ICUT Foundation is a 510(c) (3) charitable organization operated by the Independent Colleges and Universities of Texas, a statewide association for private colleges and universities. ICUT Foundation is an affiliate of the Council of Independent Colleges (CIC). Since 1985, The UPS Foundation has funded more than $2.1 million in scholarships for Texas students. At the national level, CIC teams up with the UPS Foundation to distribute funding of the UPS Scholarship. This year, CIC awarded nearly $1.5 million in scholarships from its UPS Educational Endowment Fund to private institutions of higher learning across the nation, including a grant of $86,400 to the ICUT Foundation. The college or university awards these scholarships based on the students' academic achievement and financial need.
"In 2011, The UPS Foundation and UPS employees directed $93.5 million in philanthropy and in-kind services, including more than 1.6 million hours of volunteer service, to the local communities in which we operate," said Eduardo Martinez, president of The UPS Foundation. "UPS is proud to continue that spirit of giving by partnering with CIC to support thousands of students working to become the leaders of tomorrow by obtaining an education from our nation's private colleges."
The CIC-UPS Educational Endowment Fund, which is held and administered by CIC, funds the UPS Scholarships. Since its inception, this fund has generated nearly $49 million in scholarship aid to support more than 17,000 students.
"Through this national scholarship program, CIC and UPS are delighted to make it possible for 609 deserving young men and women to attend the private college or university of their choice," said Richard Ekman, president of CIC. "By directly assisting students with significant financial need, CIC and UPS are helping a new generation of students achieve their dreams of a college education."
The Council of Independent Colleges is an association of 640 nonprofit independent colleges and universities and 90 higher education organizations that has worked since 1956 to support college and university leadership, advance institutional excellence and enhance public understanding of private higher education's contributions to society. CIC is the major national organization that focuses on providing services to leaders of independent colleges and universities as well as conferences, seminars and other programs that help institutions to improve the quality of education, administrative and financial performance and institutional visibility. CIC also provides support to state fundraising associations that organize programs and generate contributions for private colleges and universities. CIC is headquartered at One Dupont Circle in Washington, D.C. For more information, visit www.cic.edu.
The UPS Foundation (NYSE: UPS), which celebrated its 60th anniversary in 2011, is responsible for facilitating community involvement to local, national and global communities. In 2010, UPS and its employees, active and retired, invested more than $95 million in charitable giving around the world. The UPS foundation can be found on the web at UPS.com/foundation. UPS is a global leader in logistics, offering a broad range of solutions including the transportation of packages and freight, the facilitation of international trade and the deployment of advanced technology to more efficiently manage the world of business. Since its founding in 1907, UPS has built a legacy as a caring and responsible corporate citizen, supporting programs that provide long-term solutions to community needs. UPS news is available at pressroom.ups.com/RSS.
The ICUT Foundation is the state member of the Council of Independent Colleges (CIC). The Foundation includes 36 member independent colleges and universities. It represents the interests and protects and promotes the general welfare of the non-profit, tax-exempt independent colleges and universities located in Texas.


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Believe it or not, all four of the statements below are currently being made in Congress and in the hallowed halls of elite opinion:
- "We're broke" and we have to cut the budget. – House Speaker John Boehner.
- America just can't afford more government spending like hiring teachers or repairing bridges.
- We have to cut entitlements like Social Security and Medicare or the country will go bankrupt.
- Corporations and multinational giants don't have to pay up to $700 billion in overdue taxes.
We're broke. We have to cut back on all the things government does to make our lives better. Yet let's let the giant corporations off the hook for hundreds of billions of dollars of taxes they already owe.
Giant multinational corporations have been taking advantage of a tax dodge called "deferral" that lets them hold off from paying their taxes on profits made "outside of the country" until they "bring the money home" – also called "repatriation." Over the years many companies have been moving jobs, factories and profit centers out of the country solely so they can claim their profits are made outside of the U.S. The amounts involved are astronomical, up to $2 trillion in profits kept out of the country – which means up to $700 billion in taxes owed. (The taxes owed are the 35% top corporate tax rate minus any taxes already paid to other countries.)
A March 2014 report by Thomas L. Hungerford of The Economic Policy Institute (EPI), The Simple Fix to the Problem of How to Tax Multinational Corporations — Ending Deferral, looked at this problem. Among the report's findings:
- About 60 percent of multinational corporations' (MNC) foreign-source earnings and profits come from countries in which the firms have little business activity, evidence that these MNCs are using tax havens to avoid paying the U.S. corporate income tax.
- Fixing the problem of corporate income taxation does not require deeply complex reform that touches on every part of the tax code; instead it largely can be achieved simply by ending deferral.
- Ending deferral could increase corporate tax revenue by over $50 billion per year, or $500 billion over 10 years.
There are all kinds of schemes employed by multinational corporations, often involving using foreign subsidiaries that sell to their parent company at high prices. For example, Apple has transferred "intellectual property" (IP) – various patents and copyrights, the "crown jewels" of the company – to a subsidiary in Ireland. When Apple sells products in the U.S. they claim that much of the "cost" of making them is licensing this IP, which means the profit is made by the Irish subsidiary and not the U.S. parent. Pfizer and many, many others use similar schemes to make it look like their U.S. profits are made by foreign subsidiaries. Other companies move jobs, factories, call centers, etc. This puts honest companies that make things here and pay their taxes at a competitive disadvantage.
In response, many of our elite political and opinion leaders are advocating for a "tax holiday." That would allow companies to bring home profits that they say are "trapped" outside the country, and pay little or none of the taxes they already owe. A popular proposal before Congress lets companies bring money back un- or under-taxed if they invest in an "infrastructure bank." The companies would be allowed to bring back profits and pay little or no taxes as long as some of the money is used to fund a bank that lends money that is used for infrastructure projects. The companies would, of course, receive a return on their investment. The projects would typically be "public-private partnerships" meaning private companies instead of the public would make money through tolls or other fees. For example, just the other day Bill Clinton advocated for a repatriation holiday to fund an infrastructure bank.
Think about what is going on here. The country is supposedly so desperate for funds that we are cutting back on many, many extremely important things. We are cutting essentials such as education, Food Stamps, unemployment benefits, scientific and health research, safety inspections, disease prevention and control. We're not maintaining and modernizing infrastructure. One reason that we are so strapped for funds is these companies are allowed to defer paying their taxes! Now, understanding they have us over a barrel they are offering to let us get our hands on some of the tax money they owe us if we will let them off from paying it all.For some reason, just telling them to pay their taxes is off the table.
Companies have good reason to believe they should hold out on repatriating profits in hopes they will be granted a "tax holiday" on what they owe. In 2004, Congress actually did grant such a holiday, with the companies promising to use the money to "create jobs." In 2011 Pat Garofalo at Think Progress summarized what really happened in FLASHBACK: Corporations Used 2004 Tax Holiday To Repatriate Billions, Then Laid Off Thousands Of Workers,
Overall, corporations used 92 percent of the money they brought back under that tax holiday to enrich their executives and buy back their own shares, not to invest in job creation.
Similarly, the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (CBPP) reported on the tax holiday that "its primary effect was to provide a huge windfall to the shareholders of a small number of very large corporations."
But no matter that the last tax holiday didn't work out so well for us, the giant multinationals have a solid track record in getting what they want from Congress. This terrible deferral loophole has given companies an incentive to move jobs, factories, call centers and profit centers out of the country. It has caused as much as $2 trillion to be kept from being invested domestically or returned to their shareholders. And up to $700 billion in taxes have been kept from our government as we're told that "we're broke" and must cut so many of the important thingsthat government does to make our lives better.
Here – in no particular order – are just a few of the companies using various schemes to make it look as though their profits are made outside of the country.
Pfizer, Inc.
Pharmaceutical manufacturer Pfizer "strips income" out of the United States so they can report it as foreign earnings. Pfizer actually reports a loss on sales in the U.S. while reporting huge profits outside the U.S. – even though they sell more and charge much higher prices here. Explained another way, Martin A. Sullivan of Tax Analysts writes that between 2008-2012, "124 percent of its before-tax profits were foreign, [but] only 57 percent of its sales have been outside the United States." According to a New York Times report, the result is that, "In its most recent annual report, Pfizer reported $69 billion in foreign profits indefinitely reinvested overseas, and each year's profits generate more cash."
Pfizer recently was in the news because of its attempt to purchase the rival British pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca. (Pfizer finally dropped the effort.) Pfizer's "make or buy" decision was based on avoiding taxes. The idea was that Pfizer could become a British company and avoid paying U.S. taxes anymore and possibly avoid ever paying the deferred taxes it owes.
Pfizer is hardly alone. TheTimes report says, "for most American multinationals, a lot of income from foreign sources is really American income in disguise. Most large multinationals use aggressive transfer pricing and other techniques to strip income out of the United States."
General Electric (GE)
General Electric is often cited as a company that not only doesn't pay U.S. taxes, it pays a negative tax rate. General Electric is not all bad. For example, they invest heavily in wind energy and are bringing manufacturing back to the U.S. But our tax laws encourage them to do bad things.
The Times reported in 2011 that GE not only didn't pay any taxes for many years, the company "claimed a tax benefit of $3.2 billion." It reported that GE "mixes fierce lobbying for tax breaks and innovative accounting that enables it to concentrate its profits offshore."
At the end of 2012 GE disclosed it was holding $108 billion outside of the US to avoid paying the taxes it owed on those profits. GE is currently suing the US government for an additional $658 million in federal tax refunds.
Verizon was one of 26 corporations that paid no taxes in the five years between 2008 and 2012. According to a February study by Citizens for Tax Justice (CTJ), The Sorry State of Corporate Taxes, Verizon paid a tax rate of -1.8 percent. Use of this tax deferral for offshoring profits was only a part of Verizon's overall tax-dodging strategy. According to a fact sheet from Americans for Tax Fairness, "Verizon had $1.9 billion in accumulated offshore profits in 2012, on which it did not pay U.S. taxes."
From the ATF fact sheet:
"Verizon CEO Lowell McAdam is a member of the CEO Council of the Fix the Debt campaign, a corporate-funded group seeking to cut corporate taxes and earned benefit programs like Social Security and Medicare. McAdam is also a member of the Business Roundtable, a CEO club that is calling for Congress to cut corporate tax rates and to raise the Social Security retirement age from 67 to 70 – a benefit cut of about 20%. Verizon is also a founding member of the RATE Coalition, a corporate lobby group fighting for a much lower corporate tax rate."
Verizon has spent more than $197 million lobbying Congress since 1998. It spent $15.2 million in 2012, with lobbying on tax bills its second-highest priority.
The deferral loophole is only one part of Verizon's tax-avoidance strategy. Citizens for Tax Justice and Good Jobs First issued a 2011 report, "Unpaid Bills: How Verizon Shortchanges Government Through Tax Dodging and Subsidies," at a time when Verizon was trying to force its workers to take pay and benefit cuts. According to the report the company aggressively manipulated state tax rules, demanded subsidies, and used other methods to end up with a negative federal income tax rate, and receiving state and local tax subsidies in at least 13 states. From the report:
"At the federal level, Verizon should have paid about $11.4 billion at the statutory rate of 35 percent during the three-year period. Instead, it got $951 million in rebates, putting its federal tax subsidies at $12.3 billion. Its effective federal tax rate was -2.9 percent."
Apple was famously hauled before a Senate committee -- the U.S. Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations – two years ago, and was asked why it transferred its "crown jewels" to an Irish subsidiary. The answer was so it would defer paying (hopefully forever) the taxes it owes the United States. Apple is holding more than $100 billion in foreign tax havens.
Citizens for Tax Justice (CTJ) issued a report at the time, "Apple Holds Billions of Dollars in Foreign Tax Havens," documenting Apple's offshore tax avoidance. The report stated that:
"An analysis of Apple Inc.'s financial reports makes clear that Apple has paid almost no income taxes to any country on its $102 billion in offshore cash holdings. That means that this cash hoard reflects profits that were shifted, on paper, out of countries where the profits were actually earned into foreign tax havens."
At a time of worry over budget deficits, Apple was using various schemes to avoid paying as much as $35.3 billion in taxes. From the report:
"Applying this same U.S. tax rate to Apple's $102.3 billion offshore cash hoard as of March 2013 would generate $35.3 billion in U.S. income taxes, without deferral."
Americans for Tax Fairness has a great fact sheet, "Bad Apple" detailing Apple's tax avoidance.
Another company hauled before the Senate committee to explain why it isn't paying taxes was Caterpillar. In March, Caterpillar appeared before the same Permanent Subcommittee on Investigation as Apple's President Tim Cook had appeared.
In 1999 Caterpillar transferred ownership of its international parts-distribution division to a wholly-owned Swiss subsidiary. The company didn't move any personnel or business activities. Most of Caterpillar's parts business remained in the U.S. The business transactions concerned parts in warehouses mostly in the U.S., destined for U.S. dealers. Caterpillar transferred ownership of these parts to the Swiss subsidiary but still handled the shipping. But since the ownership was transferred to the Swiss company the profits were considered to be made outside of the U.S.
The result was a savings to Caterpillar of $2.4 billion in U.S. taxation. This is, of course, a loss to taxpayers.
Senate Republicans congratulated Caterpillar on their tax avoidance schemes. From an LA Times report on the hearing:
"Sen. Rand Paul (R-Ky.), who often criticizes the Internal Revenue Service, said Caterpillar should be given an award rather than be put through an "inquisition."
Fix It
A lot of money is riding on this. According to Americans for Tax Fairness, when corporations don't pay their fair share of taxes, the rest of us must make up the difference. Here's how much a handful of these corporations would likely owe in taxes if they brought those profits home:
- Apple: $26 billion
- Microsoft: $19.4 billion
- Amgen: $7.9 billion
- Eli Lilly: $7.3 billion
- Oracle: $6.3 billion
- Dell: $6.2 billion
Of course the simple answer to this problem is to tell companies to just pay their taxes. End the opportunity for companies to defer paying taxes made outside the country and companies will stop engaging in schemes that cost us jobs, factories and tax dollars, and harm honest American-based companies that try to do the right thing, make things here and pay their fair share of taxes.


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Sound Byte 2010 Year in Review
Check out Sound Byte's favorite soundtracks from 2010.
Check out Sound Byte's favorite soundtracks from 2010.
SPOILER WARNING! Find out our nominees for Best Ending of 2010!
Find out our nominees for Best PSP Game of 2010!
Harry finds how Jackie's night began to go wrong.
Harry runs for his life.
Harry finds some creepy people from his drawing.
Harry uses his cell phone to detect ghostly messages.
Harry listens to a message and finds a hidden key.
This week lets you relive The Rocketeer or revisit an old horror story!
Find out our special achievement winners in the Best of 2009 Awards!
Harry looks for clues to find his daughter.
Harry investigates a murder scene.
Harry frantically runs away from faceless monsters.
Ride the Spirit Tracks or Sabotage the Third Reich with this week's new releases!
New video for Silent Hill: Shattered Memories!
Fill out the form so we can learn your dark secrets...
It's a creepy empty warehouse. Check it out!
We bring you the highlights of our first day at Comic-Con 2009.
Zombies will come after you in this demo from Silent Hill: Shattered Memories from E3 2009.
Silent Hill: Shattered Memories is coming, and we've got the inside word from the producer and lead designer on what to expect.


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Britain's interior minister Amber Rudd apologised on Monday to thousands of British residents who arrived from the Caribbean decades ago and are now being denied basic rights after being incorrectly identified as illegal immigrants.
Prime Minister Theresa May is under growing pressure to resolve the issue of the 'Windrush generation' of migrants who arrived in Britain more than 50 years ago and have become victims of a recent tightening of the immigration system.
More than 140 lawmakers have signed a letter calling on May to resolve an anomaly that means many people who immigrated as children between 1948 and 1971 are being denied health services or prevented from working. Intensifying the row, junior home office minister Caroline Nokes admitted on Monday that some people may have been deported in error.
Many have been told they need evidence, including passports, to continue working or getting health treatment despite living, working and paying tax in Britain for decades. Some arrived on their parents' documentation and never formally applied for British citizenship or a passport.
Rudd said on Monday a new unit would be established to help people establish their right to remain in Britain, and that if anyone needs to apply for new documents the fees will be waived.
"Frankly, some of the way they have been treated has been wrong, has been appalling, and I am sorry," she told parliament.
There is widespread anger that long-term British residents have fallen victim to rule changes in 2012 — when May herself was interior minister — aimed at stopping overstaying.
May's six-year tenure at the interior ministry was marked by a determination to reduce immigration numbers, something she has continued to emphasise as premier and in Brexit negotiations. In 2013, her ministry displayed billboards on vans telling illegal immigrants to "Go Home or Face Arrest."
The row has threatened to overshadow Britain's hosting of the annual Commonwealth Heads of Government meeting in London this week. Ministers have said they hope to tighten ties and increase trade with the Commonwealth, a network of 53 countries, mostly former British colonies, after Britain leaves the European Union next year.
The immigrants are named after the Empire Windrush, one of the first ships to bring Caribbean migrants to Britain in 1948, when Commonwealth citizens were invited to fill labour shortages and help rebuild the economy after World War Two.
Almost half a million people left their homes in the West Indies to live in Britain between 1948 and 1970, according to Britain's National Archives.
British media have reported cases such as a man who was denied treatment for cancer and a special-needs teaching assistant who lost his job after being accused of being illegal immigrants despite living in Britain for more than 40 years.
"It's disgraceful that the rights of the Windrush Generation have been brought into question by this government and that some have been wrongfully deported," leader of the opposition Labour Party Jeremy Corbyn said.
The British government last week refused a request from the high commissioners of 12 Caribbean nations for a dedicated meeting on the subject at the Commonwealth meeting this week.
May only became aware of a request for a meeting on Monday morning, and will discuss the issue with counterparts from Caribbean nations this week, her spokesman said.
A Home Office official said the rejection had been because the subject of the meeting was not clear.
Under the 1971 Immigration Act, all Commonwealth citizens already living in the UK were given indefinite leave to remain.
But the Home Office did not keep a record of those granted leave to remain or issue any paperwork confirming it, meaning it is difficult for the individuals to now prove they are in Britain legally.
An online petition calling for an amnesty for those who arrived in Britain from Commonwealth countries in the Caribbean as children, and a lowering of the level of documentary proof required from people who have lived here since they were children, has now attracted more than 136,000 signatures.
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(Maricopa County) – The Maricopa County Parks and Recreation Department will lift its annual fire ban on Monday, August 28. This allows park visitors to use campfires, fire pits, and charcoal grills.
"With Labor Day weekend fast approaching, we know park visitors are eager to include a family barbecue over a campfire as part of their holiday festivities at the lake. Over the past couple of months, the majority of the parks have benefited from the monsoon season so we're comfortable lifting the fire ban. However, we do have a couple of parks that are not out of the woods just yet. If wind conditions or other factors become a problem, the park supervisors may issue a temporary fire ban to ensure park and visitor safety," said R.J. Cardin, Maricopa County Parks and Recreation Department Director.
The system-wide fire ban was initiated on May 8 to limit the possibility of starting a brush fire, which could cause serious damage to the parks and neighboring property owners.
"The fall season is absolutely beautiful in the Sonoran desert. With the weather finally starting to cool down in the evenings, I'd like to invite everyone to reconnect with nature by joining one of our many outdoor educational programs or taking advantage of our Buy One, Get One Camping Promotion," added Cardin.
There are eleven Maricopa County Parks: Lake Pleasant Regional Park, White Tank Mountain Regional Park, Adobe Dam Regional Park, Buckeye Hills Regional Park, Estrella Mountain Regional Park, San Tan Mountain Regional Park, Usery Mountain Regional Park, McDowell Mountain Regional Park, Cave Creek Regional Park, Spur Cross Ranch Conservation Area, and Hassayampa River Preserve.
If you have any questions regarding any of the parks, call the Maricopa County Parks and Recreation Department at (928) 501-9200, or visit http://www.maricopacountyparks.net/.