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N.A.S.E. (Nosespace Air Sampling Extension)
A heated inlet system for nosespace air samples
The IONICON NASE is a specialized inlet system for nose-space analysis. It is optimized for aroma compounds and heated for fast time response.
In food, flavor and fragrance science, panelists smell or taste products and a scientist would like to directly measure what the panelist tastes with an quantitative, real-time method such as PTR-MS. For the direct introduction of nose-space air to the PTR-MS, IONICON has developed the N.A.S.E. for real-time analysis of nose-space air.
Optimized sample gas transfer
Many compounds of interest in aroma analysis, e.g. Vanillin, are very "sticky" and can condense on the inner surfaces, especially cold-spots, of a sample transfer system. For a fast and reliable transfer of trace aroma compounds, the sample transfer system of the N.A.S.E. is made of highly inert materials in combination with a sophisticated heating system and an efficient sample flow paths. The N.A.S.E. can be used with all real-time trace gas analyzers and is optimized for IONICON PTR-MS systems.
N.A.S.E. can be heated up to 130°C internal temperature and is thermally insulated where a panelist gets in direct contact with the device. The panelist only experiences a comfortable warmth when directly breathing into N.A.S.E. For sampling two easily exchangeable PTFE tubes are used that can be replaced without dismounting N.A.S.E. allowing for fast test cycles.
N.A.S.E. is a special product which IONICON engineers invented to meet our customers needs. If you have a question, and idea or feedback that you would like to discuss with our experts, let us know! We are happy to customize our systems and develop individually tailored solutions.
Interested? Challenge our experts with your questions! Contact us and experience PTR-MS.


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I am now staying in Paris, and I will go to a hotel to stay in Bordeaux in a few days time, the hotel is located in Rue Du Professeur Jeanneney.
My problem is that I don't know how to go there after I come out from the Bordeaux high speed train station, there seems to be no information on Google Maps as to how to use public transport to move from one location to another.
Any idea?

subset: commoncrawl


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The direct search allows you to perform a search using one word. Choose a single word that describes the topic (name, year, place, etc) you would like to look for in the bibliography. Enter the word in the box and click on the coloured triangle to execute the search. The term you have been looking for will be highlighted in the results.
Biblia Sacra allows you to browse through seven indexes:
Browse the editions in Biblia Sacra:
Browse the illustrations in Biblia Sacra:
Here you can search for either bible editions or bible illustrations. You can search for terms or phrases occurring in different fields of the bibliographical records.
For editions there is a standard search option for:
For illustrations there is a standard search option for:
You can search for all terms or phrases occurring in different
fields throughout the bibliography in both editions and illustrations.
This makes it possible to search on for instance all illustrations
which occur in editions with a specific printer.
In expert search, you can also join search terms together using
"and", "or" and "not". The more words and
lines you join together, the more specific your search.
Highlighting All searched words and phrases will be highlighted in de results, except for words and phrases in the field 'Contents'.
Wildcard searches. To search for variations and the plural of a word, include an asterisk * at the end of the word. For example, "bib*" will look for "biblia", "bibel", "bible" and so forth. The simple term "bib" will look only for the word "bib".
Searching for words (and phrases). You can search on an exact word or a phrase of words, for example "Cum gratia et privilegio", "Nieuwe Testament", or "sonder glosen".
Symbols and punctuation.
All punctuations marks entered in a search box are ignored and treated as spaces.
However, in some cases the folowing substitutes may be used:
\- : an horizontal line above the following letter
\9 : 'us'
\chi: the Greek χ
\pi : the Greek π
\x : cancel
^ : the following letter in superscript
Case sensitive. There is no difference in the search process between capital letter or lower case letter.
Entering dates. You may limit your search to a range of dates. The default values displayed in the date boxes in the search screen reflect the current maximum date range for the bibliography. The form will not allow you to replace these with dates outside of this range. You may, however, replace these with dates reflecting a smaller range of years. For example, if the bibliography contains descriptions of bibles published between 1477 and 1600, you would not be able to search for anything from 1650. You could search for items published between 1500 and 1550 (for example) by replacing the default values in the date boxes. You can search for one specific year by entering this year in each date box.
List of results and View details. On the results screen you will presented with a list of short versions of records. From the results screen, you can click on "view details" to get a more detailed display, which provides all (tagged) information available about the selected editions; on "view all reproductions" to view all available reproductions from the bibles in your selection; and on "complete view" to view both of these options together.
Sorting. By default, records are sorted by Biblia Sacra ID. For results of up to 2000 records, you may sort, for example, by chronological order, by using the pull down menu in the upper right-hand corner of your results screen. This feature will not work with results larger than 2000 records.
Bookbag. Records can be saved with the "add to bookbag" function (option "add to bookbag" at each record in the Search results). You can do different searches and continue to add to the bookbag. The bookbag can hold up to 500 records. You may view your bookbag at any time by clicking on the "show bookbag" link in the navigation bar at the top of the search and expert search screens or the search results screen. Clear your bookbag at anytime by viewing the bookbag and clicking on the "empty bookbag" button. You can also remove an individual item from your book bag (click on "remove from bookbag").
Refine search. The option "refine search" in the navigation bar at the top of the search and expert search screen or the search results screen allows you to adapt or limit your search, e.g. by entering a smaller date range (see "entering dates" above).
Search history. Gives an overview of all your queries and results. Clear your search history at any time by clicking on the "clear history" button.
You may email records by clicking on the "email contents" button. You will be presented with a form that asks for an email address. Simply fill it in and then click on the "email bookbag records" button.


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Four Ways to Work through the Personal and Professional Challenges of the COVID-19 Crisis
The coronavirus pandemic has brought stress to an all-time high for many people. Besides the health concerns of COVID-19, women business owners face many other challenges as their businesses and home lives have turned upside down. As a mom of four and CEO of a company, I empathize with women trying to do it all in the new normal. In this post, I'll share some of my own personal and professional strategies for navigating through the fear and uncertainty of the pandemic.
1. Focus on the Positive
Dwelling on what's not going well and beyond your control only exacerbates stress, anxiety, and feelings of helplessness. Worry and negativity are counter-productive and a waste of mental energy. Like many individuals, this is something I know but often need to remind myself of.
Throughout the pandemic, I've been careful to focus on the benefits that have come from being locked down. For example, without commuting to the office and attending in-person engagements, my life has become much less rushed. It made me realize that the constant go-go-go of pre-COVID life amplified my anxiety. Now, I feel more relaxed and have more flexibility with my time. Working from home gives me more quality family time. Also, even though my employees now work remotely, we've developed stronger personal bonds. Our shared concerns and challenges over COVID-19 have facilitated more open, transparent conversations about our feelings.
I encourage you to look for similar bright points in your life and work.
2. Brainstorm Opportunities for Your Business
The pandemic created new challenges for everyone, including customers. If you've experienced declining sales of existing products and services, think creatively about generating revenue by satisfying customers' emerging needs.
For example, my company, which does online business filings, saw a decline in new business registrations. However, we saw a need within our customer base for assistance in applying for SBA and PPP loans. We continue to serve as a resource to help entrepreneurs prepare the necessary documentation for loan forgiveness.
As you consider possible new revenue streams for your business, I recommend talking with existing customers. Ask them for their thoughts about how you might adapt your services or products to help them solve their issues and satisfy their needs. There may be untapped potential that you haven't yet thought of on your own.
3. Make Room in Your Schedule for Self-Care
At the start of the pandemic, social media was ablaze with humor centered on gaining the "COVID 15" from indulging in bags of potato chips and wine while quarantined. Many people found solace in comfort food and alcohol. But vices are only a temporary fix to alleviating stress. That kind of lifestyle isn't sustainable if you want to be a healthy and productive business owner.
One of the bright sides to having fewer places to go is that there's more time for self-care. Take advantage of it! Essentially, there's no excuse not to take better care of yourself now. First and foremost, healthy habits can help you fight off and recover successfully from illnesses. Second, self-care helps to ensure you are at your best mentally and physically for your family and your business.
From the beginning of the pandemic, I knew that self-care would be essential for keeping my anxiety under control and enabling me to focus. So, I made it a top priority. I've been taking weekly cardio dance classes and working with a personal trainer to improve my strength and fitness level. These activities fuel not only my body but also my mind. The dancing, especially, rejuvenates me because it's something I've been passionate about since I was a child.
Self-care is all about taking the time to take care of yourself—mind, body, and spirit. Find the activities and routines that fill your soul with joy, and you'll be motivated to stick with them.
4. Last But Not Least – Talk It Out!
I almost ended this post with the message "Stay Strong and Carry On," but I think it's important to realize it's OK not to be strong all the time. Although I feel I've done well throughout these tumultuous times, I still sometimes need others' support to work through things that are bothering me. Fortunately, I have a support system of caring individuals with whom I can openly discuss my frustrations. When I feel weighed down, they lighten the load just by listening and offering their perspective.
If you're struggling with the changes and challenges of the pandemic, find trusted friends, colleagues, or a mental health professional you can confide in and talk candidly about your feelings and fears.
Copyright © 2024 SCORE Association, SCORE.org
Funded, in part, through a Cooperative Agreement with the U.S. Small Business Administration. All opinions, and/or recommendations expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the SBA.


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Return to Instructional Technology | Courses Index
[1] Courses in Instructional Technology (ITEC)
5345 FUNDAMENTALS OF WEB DESIGN This course assists professionals in technical and educational fields to develop effective web sites using HTML code as well as design principles using graphics, text, and color.
6V10 SPECIAL PROJECTS (Variable credit: 1-3 credit hours.) Studies in diverse areas of Instructional Technologies which are not included within the content of courses offered by the department. No more than three hours of special projects credit can be applied to a degree program. Prerequisite: Permission of Instructional Technology Coordinator.
6305 FOUNDATIONS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION This course will provide an overview of distance education definitions, concepts, history, characteristics, philosophy, issues, learning theories, and instructional procedures. Candidates are required to investigate current issues in distance education and review distance education history and learning theories. Candidates will analyze the characteristics of distance education and apply their findings pedagogically through course projects.
6310 SPECIAL PROJECTS Studies in diverse areas of Instructional Technology which are not included within the content of courses offered by the department. No more than three hours of special projects credit can be applied to a degree program. Prerequisite: Permission of ITEC Program Coordinator.
6315 DISTANCE EDUCATION COURSE DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION, AND EVALUATION This course requires candidates to examine the process of Instructional Systems Design (ISD) as it relates to distance education course development. Various instructional design models to develop distance education courses will be investigated. The Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation Model (ADDIE) will be introduced and used. Candidates will concentrate on web-based courses in the areas of design and delivery. Course implementation and evaluation will also be investigated.
6318 MICROCOMPUTER NETWORKING Basics and protocols of data communication and architecture, LANS, and cabling; networking operating systems; and troubleshooting microcomputer networks. Prerequisite: ASTL 5325.
6325 DISTANCE EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY This course provides a review of the history of technology used in distance education. Basic terminology and technology (hardware, networks, and software) are examined. Asynchronous and synchronous technologies and tools used in teaching and learning are analyzed. Technology specific to online technology is explored along with the criteria and guidelines for selecting technologies for distance education. The future of technology in distance education is investigated.
6330 WEB-BASED TEACHING AND LEARNING This course examines a variety of theoretical approaches to teaching and learning in a distance education environment. Class management, building communities online, and interactive strategies are major topics of the course. Candidates will also explore the context in which teaching and learning occurs, including the needs of diverse learners, technology access equity/inequity issues, academic integrity, digital divide, and cultural awareness issues. Course management software (i.e., Blackboard, WebCT, Learning Space) will also be examined.
6335 COMPUTER APPLICATION SOFTWARE Introduction to applications software, emphasizing word processing, database management, spreadsheets, and integrated software. Hardware specifications and configurations as well as the retrieval of information from external sources will be investigated. Prerequisite: ASTL 5325.
6337 COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND ANIMATION Production of computer graphics and animation. Prerequisite: Computer experience and consent of instructor.
6340 DESIGN AND PRODUCTION OF MEDIA RESOURCES I Media production in terms of client product specifications. Requires the production of basic media products and serves as a foundation for producing graphic media necessary for televised, photographic, and computerized productions.
6341 DESIGN AND PRODUCTION OF MEDIA RESOURCES II Continuation of ITEC 6340. Extension of fundamental techniques and the production of more complex media. Prerequisite: ITEC 6340.
6342 ADVANCED INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES FOR TRAINERS Selection or design of instructional training strategies based upon adult learning theories.
6350 INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN Development of an instructional prototype based upon specifications for instruction. Introduction to the systems approach to the design and development of instruction.
6351 INSTRUCTIONAL PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT Developmental procedures necessary to produce validated learning packages in a variety of media formats.
6354 MULTIMEDIA Computer applications as applied to education and instruction. Emphasis on hardware/software components and the design and construction of a multimedia presentation.
6355 INSTRUCTIONAL SOFTWARE DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING Integration and application of instructional design and development concepts as applied to the production of instructional software for education, business, and medicine.
6357 DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES FOR COMPUTER MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR Discussions and exercises concerning concepts, design criteria, general circuitry theory, module installation, system configurations, and preventive maintenance of microcomputers.
6360 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND COPYRIGHT This course will provide an overview of intellectual property issues that impact digital media. As both creators and users of copyrighted information, instructional technology leaders are affected by the rules surrounding ownership and use of information. This course will also address plagiarism in the digital environment.
6365 NETWORKING TECHNOLOGIES Administration of client/server networks, with an emphasis on network operating system software. Course includes implementing a working network server.
6368 TECHNOLOGY PLANNING AND LEADERSHIP Management of electronic resources in schools, businesses, and industries including related activities: planning, design, policy making, maintenance, and training programs.
6370 LEADERSHIP IN DISTANCE EDUCATION This course provides candidates with the opportunity to develop leadership skills in the area of distance education. The organization, management, and administration of distance education systems will be investigated as well as ethical issues in distance education. A variety of leadership issues in business and educational environments will be discussed. Topics include leadership skills, institutional issues, employee/student relations, staff/faculty development, collaboration, funding, policy, resource support, and ethics.
6375 GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES Techniques and processes for accessing and retrieving global information resources through networks for instructional design purposes.
6391 APPRENTICESHIP IN INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES This capstone course requires candidates to engage in supervised field experience, observation, and practice, in an approved organization. This course is designed to enable candidates to engage in on-the-job experiences under the supervision of a qualified professional and a college instructor. Candidates are required to accumulate 100 clock hours of practical experience engaging in activities within the instructional technology field.
6392 SEMINAR: TRENDS/ISSUES IN INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES A course designed to provide exploration of current topics relevant to instructional technology leaders. Current relevant issues that will be discussed include project management, personnel management, ethical use of technology, copyright, technology planning, and professionalism.


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Click Cancel to continue with your reservation without logging in.
Enjoy more space with Main Cabin Extra seating, starting at $20. Seats are located in Main Cabin and offered on most flights, subject to availability.
Be one of the first to board after AAdvantage® status members with Preferred Group 5 boarding and get easier access to overhead bin space.*
Sit back and relax with more room to stretch out at the front of the Main Cabin.
You can bring 1 personal item and 1 bag with you for free. See all the restrictions before you board.
Enjoy complimentary beer, wine and spirits; plus free Biscoff cookies or mini pretzels and soft drinks. Additional food may be available for free, depending on your route.**
Enjoy free movies and TV shows – on screen or your device.
You can buy Wi-Fi on select aircraft so you never miss a beat while you're on board.
*Overhead bin space availability varies by aircraft.
**On flights with full drink service. The number of drinks served may be limited.
Look for the Main Cabin Extra icon when you choose your seats.
Book a flight and buy Main Cabin Extra
If you've already booked your flight, you can still buy a Main Cabin Extra seat. If you bought a Basic Economy ticket, boarding restrictions still apply.
AAdvantage® members can now use miles to reserve Main Cabin Extra seats.
You can buy Main Cabin Extra through Reservations, select travel agencies and airport self-service kiosks. If you have a credit card stored in your AAdvantage® profile, you can also buy on our mobile app.
All listed members are allowed complimentary access for up to 8 traveling companions on the same reservation.
Enjoy complimentary access within 24 hours of departure when seats are available.
*oneworld® Ruby members with elite status on Alaska Airlines, British Airways, Iberia, Finnair, Qatar Airways or Japan Airlines
We'll issue you a refund if:
*Unable to get you a comparable seats is defined as moving from Main Cabin Extra to a preferred or other Main Cabin seat or from an aisle / window Main Cabin Extra seat to a middle Main Cabin Extra seat
You can request a refund online if you paid for seats and you make changes to parts of your reservation, and you lose your paid seats on the unchanged segments.
You can request a voucher for the value of your non-refundable seat if you cancel your trip during the coronavirus travel period and booked by March 31, 2021.
Keep in mind you need to submit separate refund requests for your flights, seats and other purchases.


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Chicken Marsala - Gluten & Casein Free
I have not made Chicken Marsala in years. I'm sure the last time I made it, it was not gluten or dairy free. But really, this recipe is very easy to adapt. I used the recipe on the back of the Marsala Wine bottle (which says gluten free right on it!). The pic is a little fuzzy because it was steaming hot and fogged up my camera lens! But it was so tasty. On the side I just steamed some spinach and drizzled it with olive oil. Delicious!!
Chicken Marsala - Gluten Free & Casein Free
Adapted from the recipe on the Holland House bottle.
4 Chicken Cutlets, boneless and skinless
2 Tbsp. Flour - I used GF Pantry All Purpose
2 Tbsp. Butter - Earth Balance
2 Cups Mushrooms
3/4 Cup Holland House Marsala Cooking Wine
1/4 Cup Water
2 Tbsp. Fresh Parsley, Chopped
1/4 Tsp. Rosemary (optional)
Pound chicken cutlets until thin, dredge in flour
In large skillet, melt butter and saute mushrooms over medium heat until brown - approx ten minutes.
Remove and set aside.
Add chicken to skillet and cook through, 4 minutes each side.
Remove to serving platter.
Return mushrooms to the pan, stir in Marsala, water, parsley and rosemary.
Heat and pour over chicken. Serves four.
I like my Marsala sauce thick so I cooked it down quite a bit, but it's up to you how long you cook the sauce at the end. I also did not add parsley or rosemary. It was just fine without them. I prefer to serve my Chicken Marsala over pasta, so I cooked Tinkyada brown rice pasta shells and mixed them in at the end. Enjoy!!


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Create a Website Account - Manage notification subscriptions, save form progress and more.
This recently completed stormwater project provides treatment for an 1,242 acre watershed of urban and commercially developed land. This project implements numerous BMPs (Best Management Practices) to improve the water quality of stormwater runoff that discharges into the Indian River Lagoon. These BMP's consist of:(1) Expansion of an existing 17 acre stormwater treatment lake. The water surface area of the existing lake was increased by 6.7 acre;(2) Construction of a new outfall structure to increase residence time in the lake reducing the impact of the run off from a given rainfall event;(3) Construction of an Alum Injection Plant to reduce phosphorus and particulates thus aiding in the depletion of algae;(4) Creation of Littoral Zones;(5) Floating Aquatic Plant System not only takes care of fluctuating water levels, but also produces oxygen, takes nutrients and pesticides out of the water, and provides habitat for wildlife utilization;(6) Bio Swales. Another treatment component introduced into the park's BMPs is the utilization of pervious parking areas.


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Hey, remember that Butchers & Beers event reported in tablehopper a couple of weeks ago? Well, there are still tickets available, so you can still check it out. To recap, tickets to the event are $60 and include unlimited beer tastings from seven local breweries such as Almanac Beer Co., Pacific Brewing Laboratory, and Anchor Brewing. There will be market stalls featuring barbecue, burgers, and other meaty delights from 4505 Meats, and Ryan Farr will be demonstrating how to break down and butcher a whole pig, then auctioning off the cuts to benefit The Food Pantry. The event runs from 6pm-9pm on Friday February 15th at St. Gregory's in Potrero. 500 De Haro St. at Mariposa.
On Tuesday February 12th (that would be today), head to ~MAGNOLIA GASTROPUB & BREWERY~ for the fourth annual Oyster & Beer Extravaganza. They'll be pouring their Oysterhead Stout, made with bushels of Hog Island oysters, plus a special menu of raw and cooked oysters. It's happening all day, 11am-5pm, and admission is free but food and drinks are pay as you go.
Want to avoid a stuffy formal Valentine's Day with wilted rose petals and awkward couples? Yeah, good call. Instead, head to the SoMa location of ~THE AMERICAN GRILLED CHEESE KITCHEN~ for a Pitchers, Pizza, and Grilled Cheese Happy Hour pop-up. From 5pm-9pm Pacific Brewing Labs and the ~DEL POPOLO~ pizza truck will be serving their goods alongside the American's grilled cheese sandwiches. Seating will be available in the restaurant and on the patio.


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Spokane tribe to receive EPA smart growth assistance
Seattle -- The Spokane Tribe of Indians in eastern Washington will benefit from EPA technical assistance through the Smart Growth Implementation Assistance (SGIA) program. The Tribe will work with technical experts to address future water infrastructure needs in the community of Wellpinit, Washington.
The EPA funds private-sector experts through the EPA Smart Growth program to work with communities as they plan for future needs in ways that sustain environmental and economic progress and create a high quality of life. The Spokane Tribe requested assistance to support their development of a comprehensive water infrastructure plan that will focus on water and sewer system challenges in Wellpinit. The community faces future challenges of summer water shortages, drinking water delivery, pipe and pump failures, and design and maintenance of sewage management systems.
"Bringing private-sector consultants together with the professional staff of the Spokane Tribe will create a strong partnership to address future growth and the strains placed on older water systems," said Melanie Wood, Sustainable Infrastructure Coordinator in EPA's Pacific Northwest office. "These EPA Smart Growth programs not only provide support for environmental improvements, they also set the stage for green jobs and a healthier economy."
The EPA assistance builds upon a Housing and Urban Development Community Challenge Planning Grant the Tribe received in 2010. The water infrastructure plan will create a foundation for future housing, transportation, and economic development planning.
Since 2005 EPA has supported 31 SGIA projects, serving dozens of communities.
Smart Growth Implementation Assistance is a project of the Partnership for Sustainable Communities among EPA, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT). The interagency collaboration coordinates federal investments in infrastructure, facilities, and services to get better results for communities and use taxpayer money more efficiently. The partnership is helping communities across the country create more housing choices, make transportation more efficient and reliable, reinforce existing investments, and support vibrant and healthy neighborhoods that attract businesses.
More information:
SGIA: http://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/sgia2012.htm
Partnership for Sustainable Communities: http://www.sustainablecommunities.gov
Wellpinit community contact: Scott Radford, email@example.com/, 509-258-7100
Subscribe to automatically receive Region 10 News Releases via email at: http://service.govdelivery.com/service/subscribe.html?code=USEPA_C19
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Confirmed: Our Government Has Criminalized Beauty Products
A year and a half ago, I warned that if you bought certain beauty supplies–hydrogen peroxide and acetone–you might be a terrorism suspect.
I'm going to make a wildarsed guess and suggest that the Federal Government is doing a nationwide search to find out everyone who is buying large amounts of certain kinds of beauty products. And those people are likely now under investigation as potential terrorism suspects.
Shortly thereafter, John Kyl basically confirmed that the government had been tracking certain people buying hydrogen peroxide.
Yesterday, FBI Director Robert Mueller did so in even more explicit terms.
Federal Bureau of Investigation Director Robert Mueller appeared to indicate for the first time Wednesday that his agency uses a provision of the PATRIOT Act to obtain information about purchases of hydrogren peroxide–a common household chemical hair bleach and antiseptic that can also be turned into an explosive.
The comment in passing by Mueller during a Senate Intelligence Committee hearing was noteworthy because critics have suggested that the FBI is using a provision in the PATRIOT Act to conduct broad surveillance of sales of lawful products such as hydrogen peroxide and acetone.
"It's been used over 380 times since 2001," Mueller said of the so-called business records provision, also known as Section 215. "It provides us the ability to get records other than telephone toll records, which we can get through another provision of the statutes. It allows us to get records such as Fedex or UPS records….or records relating to the purchase of hydrogen peroxide, or license records—records that we would get automatically with a grand jury subpoena on the criminal side, the [Section] 215 process allows us to get on the national security side." (Emphasis original)
Emptywheel: where you read today about the civil liberties infringements your government will confirm years from now.
What Mueller didn't confirm, but what we can pretty much conclude at this point, is that they've used the 215 provision to investigate as terrorists perfectly innocent (and possibly Muslim) purchasers of beauty supplies.
Recall how I first figured out the government was using Section 215 to track beauty supplies. After DiFi blabbed that they had used Section 215 in the Najibullah Zazi case, I examined the detention motion on Zazi to see what kind of evidence they used to justify refusing him bail. It included this:
Evidence that "individuals associated with Zazi purchased unusual quantities of hydrogen and acetone products in July, August, and September 2009 from three different beauty supply stores in and around Aurora;" these purchases include:
- Person one: a one-gallon container of a product containing 20% hydrogen peroxide and an 8-oz bottle of acetone
- Person two: an acetone product
- Person three: 32-oz bottles of Ion Sensitive Scalp Developer three different times
The federal government argued, in part, that Zazi had to be denied bail because three people "associated with him" bought beauty supplies "in and around Aurora."
Last February, Zazi accepted a plea agreement and has been cooperating with investigators; the government has twice delayed his sentencing, suggesting he's still fully cooperating. Since that time, the only people arrested for participating in the actual plot–as opposed to obstructing justice by trying to hide the evidence of Zazi's bomb-making, with which both Zazi's father and uncle were charged–are in NY or Pakistan.
That is, it appears that Zazi had no accomplices "in and around Aurora."
That's particularly interesting given that Zazi is reported to have had few close ties in the Denver area. He only moved there in January 2009, 8 months before his arrest. And both his employer and the other worshipers at his mosque describe him as keeping to himself.
Unlike most drivers at ABC, who drove eight- or nine-hour shifts, Zazi routinely worked 16-to-18-hour days, often putting in as many as 80 hours a week ferrying passengers to and from DIA. "He was a regular kind of guy, but he worked hard and he wanted money," says Hicham Semmaml, a Moroccan-born ABC driver. "I would have never suspected any of this."
"He kept to himself pretty much, and he never gave any outward signs of being connected with anybody," Gross said.
Zazi would turn up for afternoon prayers each Friday — Islam's holy day — parking the ABC van in the parking lot outside the sprawling brick complex with its black dome and narrow minaret. Other regular worshippers agreed that he never spoke to anyone and usually rushed off immediately once the service ended.
All the currently available evidence suggests that these three Zazi "associates" buying beauty supplies turned out to be completely innocent. That would mean that one of the reasons the government said Zazi should be held without bail (there were plenty of others) basically amounts to innocent people with some attenuated tie to Zazi buying beauty supplies.
But consider what their beauty supply purchase has exposed them to–particularly if the association involved amounts to membership in the same mosque as him. Their purchase of beauty supplies undoubtedly made them a target for further investigation, presumably FBI agents asking questions of their neighbors and employers, probably the use of other PATRIOT provisions to track their calls and emails, and possibly even a wiretap.
So these three people, because they worshiped at the same mosque as Zazi or drove an airport van but presumably in the absence of any evidence of actual friendship with him had their lives unpacked by our government because they bought a couple bottles of beauty supplies.


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Subscribe to Cases that cite 338 U. S. 561U.S. Supreme Court
Manning v. Seeley Tube & Box Co., 338 U.S. 561 (1950)
Manning v. Seeley Tube & Box Co.
No. 70
Argued November 17-18, 1949
Decided February 6, 1950
Respondent corporation filed a federal tax return for 1941 and timely paid the amount of the tax shown thereon. In 1943, after respondent had been adjudged a bankrupt, the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, using the accelerated procedure applicable in bankruptcy cases, assessed a deficiency in the 1941 tax with interest from the date the tax was properly due to the assessment date. Respondent subsequently filed its return for 1943, which disclosed a net operating loss for that year. Under the carry-back provision of the Internal Revenue Code, this loss was sufficient to abate completely respondent's tax liability for 1941.
Held: respondent was not entitled to a refund of the interest which had been assessed on the tax deficiency. Pp. 338 U. S. 562-571.
(a) The subsequent cancelation of the assessed deficiency by operation of the carry-back provision did not cancel respondent's obligation to pay the interest assessed on the deficiency. Pp. 338 U. S. 565-566.
(b) Enactment of the carry-back provision in 1942 did not change the basic statutory policy that the United States is to have the possession and use of the lawful tax at the date it is properly due. Pp. 338 U. S. 566-567.
(c) The conclusion that the carry-back provision does not retroactively alter the duty of the taxpayer to pay his full tax promptly is supported by § 3771(e) of the Code, which prohibits a taxpayer who does pay a tax which is subsequently abated by a carry-back from claiming interest from the Government for the intervening period. Pp. 338 U. S. 567-568.
(d) Where a deficiency and interest have been validly assessed under any applicable statutory procedure, a subsequent carry-back with an abatement of the deficiency does not abate the interest previously assessed on that deficiency. Pp. 338 U. S. 569-570.
172 F.2d 77, reversed.
In an action against the Collector of Internal Revenue to recover an amount withheld as interest on a tax deficiency chanrobles.com-red
which was subsequently abated, the District Court gave judgment for the Collector. 76 F.Supp. 937. The Court of Appeals reversed. 172 F.2d 77. This Court granted certiorari. 337 U.S. 955. Reversed, p. 338 U. S. 571.
MR. CHIEF JUSTICE VINSON delivered the opinion of the Court.
The facts of this case have been agreed upon by stipulation. On December 15, 1941, respondent taxpayer, a New Jersey corporation, filed a corporate tax return for its fiscal period, January 1, 1941, to September 30, 1941. On January 12, 1942, the Commissioner of Internal Revenue assessed the tax, [Footnote 1] which respondent timely paid. Respondent was adjudged a bankrupt and a receiver appointed on July 7, 1943. On August 2, 1943, the Commissioner, using the accelerated procedure applicable in bankruptcy cases, [Footnote 2] assessed deficiencies in the 1941 chanrobles.com-red
taxes with interest from the date the tax was properly due to the assessment date. [Footnote 3]
On March 3, 1944, respondent filed its return for the fiscal period from October 1, 1942, to September 30, chanrobles.com-red
1943, showing a net operating loss [Footnote 4] for that year. This loss, when carried back in accordance with § 122(b)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code, [Footnote 5] was sufficient to abate completely respondent's tax liability for 1941. Respondent then filed claims for a refund of that part of the 1941 tax which had already been paid, and for the abatement of the assessed deficiency and interest. The Commissioner abated the deficiency, but refused to refund all the tax which had been paid, retaining an amount equal to the interest which had been assessed on the deficiency.
Respondent then sued the Collector for the interest. The District Court sustained the Collector, holding that the payment of the interest remained an obligation of the taxpayer, even though the assessed deficiency had itself been abated. 76 F.Supp. 937 (1948). The Court of Appeals reversed, holding that the carry-back, in wiping out the debt of the tax deficiency, must also have wiped out the interest which had been assessed on that deficiency. 172 F.2d 77 (1948). Because of the frequency of the use of the carry-back provision of the chanrobles.com-red
Internal Revenue Code, we granted certiorari. 337 U.S. 955 (1949).
The general statutory scheme which presents the problem is as follows: as of a certain date, the taxpayer has a duty to file a return for the previous fiscal year and pay the amount of the tax actually due for that year. [Footnote 6] If this return is erroneously calculated and the payment is less than the tax properly due, the Commissioner, using the procedure appropriate to the particular situation, may assess a deficiency, the difference between the tax imposed by law and the tax shown upon the return. [Footnote 7] Interest upon this deficiency at the rate of six percent from the date the tax was lawfully due to the date of the assessment is assessed at the same time as the deficiency. [Footnote 8] If a net operating loss is subsequently sustained, that loss may be carried back and added to the deductions for the two previous taxable years, with appropriate adjustments in the tax liability for those years. The problem with which we are concerned in this case is whether the interest on a validly assessed deficiency is abated when the deficiency itself is abated by the carry-back of a net operating loss.
We hold that the interest was properly withheld by the Collector. The subsequent cancellation of the duty to pay this assessed deficiency does not cancel in like manner the duty to pay the interest on that deficiency. From the date the original return was to be filed until the date the deficiency was actually assessed, the taxpayer had a positive obligation to the United States: a duty to pay its tax. See Rodgers v. United States, 332 U. S. 371, 332 U. S. 374 (1947); United States v. Childs, 266 U. S. 304, chanrobles.com-red
266 U. S. 309-310 (1924); Billings v. United States, 232 U. S. 261, 232 U. S. 285-287 (1914). For that period, the taxpayer, by its failure to pay the taxes owed, had the use of funds which rightfully should have been in the possession of the United States. The fact that the statute permits the taxpayer subsequently to avoid the payment of that debt in no way indicates that the taxpayer is to derive the benefits of the funds for the intervening period. In the absence of a clear legislative expression to the contrary, the question of who properly should possess the right of use of the money owed the Government for the period it is owed must be answered in favor of the Government.
It is apparent from an inspection of the Code that Congress intended the United States to have the use of the money lawfully due when it became due. Several sections of the Code prescribe penalties and additions to the tax for negligence and fraud. [Footnote 9] A taxpayer who files a timely return but does not pay the tax on time must pay interest on the tax until payment. [Footnote 10] Even when the Commissioner, at the request of the taxpayer, authorizes an extension of the time of payment, interest must be paid by the taxpayer for the period of the extension. [Footnote 11] And, when the Commissioner assesses a deficiency, he also may assess interest on that deficiency from the date the tax was due to the assessment date. [Footnote 12]
The enactment of the carry-back provision in 1942 did not change this policy of the statute requiring prompt payment. This section was intended to afford taxpayers an opportunity to present for tax purposes a realistic, balanced picture of their profits and losses. It permits a taxpayer to add a net operating loss for one year to chanrobles.com-red
the deductions for the two previous taxable years. The Report of the Senate Committee on Finance states that the purpose of the section was to afford relief to cases where maintenance and upkeep expenses were deferred to peacetime years because of wartime restrictions. S.Rep. No. 1631, 77th Cong., 2d Sess. 51-52 (1942). But there is no indication that Congress intended to encourage taxpayers to cease prompt payment of taxes. The same Report, explaining the operation of the section which became the present carry-back provision, states,
"A taxpayer entitled to a carry-back of a net operating loss or an unused excess profits credit . . . will not be able to determine the deduction on account of such carry-back until the close of the future taxable year in which he sustains the net operating loss or has the unused excess profits credit. He must therefore file his return and pay his tax without regard to such deduction, and must file his claim for refund at the close of the succeeding taxable year when he is able to determine the amount of such carry-back."
S.Rep. No. 1631 at 123-124. (Italics added.) We can imagine no clearer indication of a Congressional understanding and intent that the carry-back was not to be interpreted as deferring or delaying the prompt payment of taxes properly due.
Although it is true that, for many purposes, the carry-back is equivalent to a de novo determination of the tax, our conclusion that this section does not retroactively alter the duty of a taxpayer to pay his full tax promptly is amply supported by § 3771(e) of the Code. [Footnote 13] chanrobles.com-red
That section, an integral part of the carry-back provision, prohibits a taxpayer who does pay a tax which is subsequently abated by a carry-back from claiming interest from the Government for the intervening period. It is clear, therefore, that Congress, in 1942, did not intend to change the basic statutory policy: the United States is to have the possession and use of the lawful tax at the date it is properly due.
To sustain respondent's contention would be to place a premium on failure to conform diligently with the law. For then, a taxpayer who did not pay his taxes on time would receive the full use of the tax funds for the intervening period, while the taxpayer who did obey the statutory mandate and pay his lawful taxes promptly would be prohibited by § 3771(e) from having the use of the money for that period. We cannot approve such a result.
Any other interpretation would be inconsistent with the present structure of the Code, as amended by § 4(a) of the Tax Adjustment Act of 1945, 59 Stat. 519, now §§ 3779 and 3780 of the Code. Prior to 1945, the Commissioner had power to authorize, at the request of the taxpayer, an extension of time for the payment of taxes, and interest on such an extension was charged at the rate of six percent. [Footnote 14] The Tax Adjustment Act of 1945 was passed to improve the cash position of taxpayers by allowing them to defer current tax payments if there was a reasonable chance that these payments would be returned to them in the future because of business losses, and to speed up the refund of taxes paid. H.R.Rep. No. 849, 79th Cong., 1st Sess. 1-6 (1945); Joint Committee chanrobles.com-red
on Internal Revenue Taxation Rep. No. 1, 79th Cong., 1st Sess. 6-9 (1945). Under § 3779, a corporation filing its return for the preceding tax year has the right to obtain an extension of time for the payment of the tax for that preceding year. This extension may be obtained if the corporation expects to suffer, in the fiscal year in which the return is filed, a net operating loss sufficient to diminish, by a carry-back, its tax liability for the preceding tax years. At the close of that year, the taxpayer may file, under § 3780, an application for a tentative readjustment of taxes for preceding years, including a quick refund of taxes paid or an abatement of taxes which have been deferred. A corporation which does take advantage of these provisions is not completely absolved from the payment of interest on deferred taxes actually abated. For § 3779(i) expressly provides that the corporation must pay three percent interest on deferred taxes actually abated by the carry-back and six percent on those not abated. Again it is apparent that the Code contemplates timely payment of taxes and subsumes the right of the United States to the interim use of the tax payments.
It is argued that the conclusion that respondent is not entitled to a refund of the assessed interest is unfair, allegedly discriminating against a taxpayer whose deficiency is assessed under the accelerated bankruptcy procedure in favor of one whose deficiency is assessed under § 272(a)(1), the more customary "90-day letter" Tax Court procedure. This section provides that, in the usual, case the Commissioner must notify the taxpayer that he intends to assess a deficiency against him. The taxpayer is then allowed ninety days in which to file a petition with the Tax Court for a redetermination of the alleged deficiency, and the Commissioner is restrained from assessing any deficiency until the decision of the Tax Court becomes final. Nor may the Commissioner assess more than the amount the Tax Court determines to be the chanrobles.com-red
deficiency. Section 292(a), providing for interest on deficiencies, states, "Interest upon the amount determined as a deficiency shall be assessed at the same time as the deficiency. . . ." The argument is that, if there is no deficiency there can be no interest, and, it is further urged, the Tax Court will normally arrive at a result of no deficiency, for it will take into consideration the net operating loss carry-back in its redetermination. Therefore, no interest will be assessed.
At the time of the principal assessment in this case, however, the net operating loss had not yet been reported. Nor has the validity of the deficiency assessment been challenged at any time throughout the litigation. Thus, the comparable situation to the instant case would be if, before the net operating loss was claimed, the Tax Court was confronted with a deficiency determined by the Commissioner. We see no reason why that method of assessment, or any of the others authorized by statute, would arrive at a different figure because of an unclaimed net operating loss. Whether the language of the Code requires a different result when the loss is claimed before the attempted assessment of the deficiency is a question which is not considered by us on this record. We hold that, where a deficiency and interest have been validly assessed under any applicable statutory procedure, a subsequent carry-back with an abatement of the deficiency does not abate the interest previously assessed on that deficiency.
Respondent also places great reliance on the principle that "interest is an accretion to, and part of, the tax," and therefore must be abated when the tax is abated. The cases to which we have been referred in support of this principle deal with compromises of taxes which were incorrectly assessed at the outset, and not, as here, with a subsequent abatement of a tax correctly assessed. As such, they are not persuasive of a contrary result. chanrobles.com-red
Two administrative rulings [Footnote 15] on the carry-back provision of the Revenue Act of 1918, 40 Stat. 1057, are cited as opposed to this interpretation of the Code. We see no need to distinguish these regulations or decisions. Two rulings relating to a carry-back section of twenty-five years ago, not repeated in the intervening quarter century, are not sufficient to force us to conclude that Congress intended to impart their construction of that section to the present provision.
We have considered the remainder of the points raised by the court below and respondent, but, for the foregoing reasons, are in accord that the judgment of the Court of Appeals must be reversed, and the judgment of the District Court affirmed.
MR. JUSTICE DOUGLAS took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.
The payment in question included corporate income tax, defense tax, and excess profits tax. No question is presented as to the correctness of the defense tax payment.
Int.Rev.Code, § 274(a):
"Upon the adjudication of bankruptcy of any taxpayer in any bankruptcy proceeding or the appointment of a receiver for any taxpayer in any receivership proceeding before any court of the United States or of any State or Territory or of the District of Columbia, any deficiency (together with all interest, additional amounts, or additions to the tax provided for by law) determined by the Commissioner in respect of a tax imposed by this chapter upon such taxpayer shall, despite the restrictions imposed by section 272(a) upon assessments be immediately assessed if such deficiency has not theretofore been assessed in accordance with law. In such cases, the trustee in bankruptcy or receiver shall give notice in writing to the Commissioner of the adjudication of bankruptcy or the appointment of the receiver, and the running of the statute of limitations on the making of assessments shall be suspended for the period from the date of adjudication in bankruptcy or the appointment of the receiver to a date 30 days after the date upon which the notice from the trustee or receiver is received by the Commissioner, but the suspension under this sentence shall in no case be for a period in excess of two years. Claims for the deficiency and such interest, additional amounts, and additions to the tax may be presented, for adjudication in accordance with law, to the court before which the bankruptcy or receivership proceeding is pending, despite the pendency of proceedings for the redetermination of the deficiency in pursuance of a petition to the Tax Court; but no petition for any such redetermination shall be filed with the Tax Court after the adjudication of bankruptcy or the appointment of the receiver."
Deficiencies were assessed both as to the normal income tax and as to the excess profits tax.
Further deficiencies were assessed March 21, 1944. The interest on these deficiencies amounted to $82.66, whereas the interest on the deficiencies assessed in August, 1943, totaled $4,430.68. We feel that any possible difference in result attributable to the timing of the assessment has little effect on the amount to which taxpayer might be entitled in this case, and we do not consider this factor.
The record is bare of any claim or payment of interest from the date of the assessment of the deficiency until the date of the claim of the refund. See Int.Rev.Code, § 294(b).
Respondent does not urge, and we need not decide, the applicability of City of New York v. Saper, 336 U. S. 328 (1949), where we held that, under the circumstances of that case, bankruptcy terminated the running of interest on claims against the bankrupt. In view of the facts that respondent was revested with title to its assets on June 4, 1945, and that the period between the bankruptcy and the major part of the assessment was less than a month, we do not feel that the holding of that case could effect any significant change in the disposition of the problem at hand.
Int.Rev.Code § 122(a):
"As used in this section, the term 'net operating loss' means the excess of the deductions allowed by this chapter over the gross income, with the exceptions, additions, and limitations provided in subsection (d)."
Int.Rev.Code § 122(b)(1):
"If, for any taxable year beginning after December 31, 1941, the taxpayer has a net operating loss, such net operating loss shall be a net operating loss carry-back for each of the two preceding taxable years. . . ."
The carry-back operated similarly on the excess profits tax. 26 U.S.C. §§ 710, 728, 729 (1946). The entire excess profits section of the Code, passed in 1940, 54 Stat. 975, was repealed in 1945, 59 Stat. 568.
See Int.Rev.Code, §§ 52(a), 53(a), 56(a). The tax may also be paid in quarterly installments. Int.Rev.Code, § 56(b).
Int.Rev.Code, § 271(a).
Int.Rev.Code, § 292(a).
E.g., Int.Rev.Code, §§ 291(a), 293(a), (b).
Int.Rev.Code, § 294(a)(1).
Int.Rev.Code, §§ 56(c)(1), 295.
Int.Rev.Code, § 292(a).
Int.Rev.Code, § 3771(e):
"If the Commissioner determines that any part of an overpayment is attributable to the inclusion in computing the net operating loss deduction for the taxable year of any part of the net operating loss for a succeeding taxable year or to the inclusion in computing the unused excess profits credit adjustment for the taxable year of any part of the unused excess profits credit for a succeeding taxable year, no interest shall be allowed or paid with respect to such part of the overpayment for any period before the filing of a claim for credit or refund of such part of the overpayment or the filing of a petition with the Tax Court, whichever is earlier. . . ."
Int.Rev.Code, §§ 56(c), 295.
L.O. 1115, II-2 Cum.Bull. 221 (1923); I.T. 1447, I-2 Cum.Bull. 220 (1922).


text:
There are specific criteria that must be met before speed humps will be considered. View the speed bumps page for complete information.
Show All Answers
No, the City no longer has a site to drop off Christmas trees. Please visit the Paso Robles Waste website for more information regarding their residential curb-side pickup or call 805-238-2381 (option 1 for Paso Robles Waste Customer Service).
The Streets Maintenance Division provides ongoing curb, gutter, and sidewalk repair and maintenance. To report a need for maintenance or a dangerous situation, notify the Street Maintenance Division by filling out an Action Request Form or call 805-237-3861.
Notify the Parks Maintenance Division by phone at 805-237-3873 during regular business hours, 7:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m., or the Police Department after hours at 805-237-6464 to have the City come look at the tree. If the tree is on private property, it is the property owner's responsibility to trim it.
Notify the Parks Maintenance Division by filling out an Action Request Form or by phone at 805-237-3873 to have a city tree trimmed. If it is on private property, it is the property owner's responsibility to trim it. The City can notify property owners who need to trim trees or bushes that are nuisances, as well.
The Adopt-A-Street Program is a community program that gives individuals, companies, schools or organizations an opportunity to adopt a City street and help beautify Paso Robles in partnership with the City. Adoption requires litter pickup for six months on a street segment at least twice per month.
Plants and trees in parkways are generally in the Landscape and Lighting District and are maintained by a contractor for the City, overseen by the Parks Maintenance Division Supervisor. To report a need for maintenance, notify the Street Maintenance Division by filling out an Action Request Form or by phone at 805-237-3873.
You may trim your own trees as you wish, with one exception: mature oak trees. If the tree you intend to trim is an oak tree, see the information available on the Tree Trimming page.
Yes, view the street name list (PDF).
Street closures require a permit and approval from Public Works, the Fire Department and the Police Department. You can fill out an application and return it to the Public Works Administration office for approval. For complete requirements and to retrieve the application, visit the street closure information page.
Debris in the street resulting from construction traffic is handled by the Engineering Division of the Community Development Department. Contact them at 805-237-3860.
Around the time the annual tree removal project goes out to bid, a dot is painted on trees that are to be removed. This allows potential bidders (and eventually the successful contractor) to know which trees are to be removed. For more information, visit the Streets Division's Tree Maintenance page.
Notify the Street Maintenance Division by filling out an Action Request Form or by phone at 805-237-3861.
The County of San Luis Obispo has taken over mosquito abatement for the entire County, including Paso Robles. For more information on the program or to report a problem with mosquitoes, call 805-781-5544.


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What is it? Network Access Control takes a proactive approach to identifying insecure and possibly corrupted computers quicklybefore they get permission to connect to your network. Instead of applying strict controls only to connections coming from outside the corporate firewall, proponents of NAC say every network plug in every cubicle and conference room ultimately should be treated with the same suspicion and scrutiny.
Why should I care? NAC is attracting attention as companies come to grips with mobile computing, remote access, and wireless networking technologies that give cyber security threats an opportunity to sneak right past the firewall. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) servers, which automatically assign an IP address to computers requesting network connectivity, make it easy for a contractor or other visitor to plug a laptop into your company's network, even without having privileges on specific corporate systems. If that laptop is infected with malicious software, it can wreak havoc.
How does this fit in with other technology? A networking standard called 802.1X helps address this requirement. Network switches and wireless access points that support 802.1X make it possible to challenge the identity of users and the integrity of a laptop or desktop PC before it is assigned an IP address. The integrity check can determine whether the computer has received the latest antivirus updates and operating system security patches.
Do I need equipment that supports that standard? No, but 802.1X support in equipment makes it easier to implement a better system. Most wireless access points now support the standard; wired network nodes typically do not, although network equipment manufacturers are beginning to include 802.1X in their high-end products. NAC systems must also support alternate approaches, such as embedding client integrity checks in DHCP server software.
Is there a single approach? Not yet. The Trusted Computing Group, a standards organization devoted to hardening computers against attack, has a Trusted Network Connect subcommittee working on this issue. In May, this group released a set of programming interfaces for vendors of antivirus, firewall, and other security products to support as part of a standard NAC architecture. It is currently working on a set of data transmission standards for communication between client computers and security servers.
Meanwhile, Cisco has enlisted its own circle of security systems vendors to support its NAC framework. Because of Cisco's market power, this could become a de facto standard for its customers, and Cisco has also pledged to submit the basic protocols to the Internet Engineering Task Force as a standards proposal by the end of 2006.
The third major effort is Microsoft's Network Access Protection initiative, scheduled to be included in a 2007 release of the Windows server operating system.
How bleeding-edge is this? Few organizations have deployed full-fledged network access control security, although many are investigating it, particularly in security-sensitive industries such as finance, health care and defense.
"Everybody's looking at it, but not many are deploying it," says Steve Hanna, senior engineer at security vendor Funk Software and a co-chair of the Trusted Network Connect group. "Anytime you're coming between your users and their business needs, you'd better make sure there's not a roadblock there."


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SECAUCUS – A three-alarm fire on Friday evening, Aug. 23, took one and half hours to control, injured six firefighters, and forced the evacuation of residents from several units at the Harmon Cove condominiums, town officials said.
Secaucus firefighters responded to the blaze at Harmon Cove's Teal Plaza at 5:45 p.m.
Firefighters from 10 departments in Hudson and Bergen counties joined in the effort, as per the Mutual Aid agreement, according to Deputy Fire Chief Bryan Schoch. All of Secaucus's firefighters were at the fire, and at one point, more than 100 firefighters from several towns were involved.
The adjacent Meadowlands Parkway was shut down for a couple of hours, according to Councilwoman Susan Pirro.
Six firefighters were injured, and five were sent to the hospital, officials said. Two of the five were kept overnight. No residents were injured. Many of the occupants were not in the buildings when the fire broke out, not having arrived home from work yet.
The fire is believed to have started at 495 Teal Plaza, officials said. Unit numbers 496, 497 and 498 were also heavily impacted by the fire and the efforts to put it out, Pirro said. Altogether, 12 units were affected in some way.
The fire was hard to extinguish because the units are attached, and because it spread through ceilings, walls, and floors.
The deputy chief said it was the first major fire in the development in almost two and a half years.
On Saturday morning, building and fire inspectors were investigating onsite. A cause of the fire had not been determined as of Monday.
Eight families were relocated to the Meadowlands Empire hotel for three nights by the town Office of Emergency Management, Pirro said. A couple more were placed at an extended stay facility in town, according to Mayor Michael Gonnelli.
"We're finding places for them," Gonnelli said. "We're doing anything we can to help."
Pirro said some of the displaced families were receiving new clothes from the town through its partner organization, Fashion Delivers, at 79 Metro Way.
Gonnelli said that the town was working with the Board of Education to help one of the affected, a teacher.
The mayor asked that anyone that can help the families out in any way should call his office at (201) 330-2005. A fundraiser for the fire victims is being planned. –Joseph Passantino


text: No idea. NO idea how this happens. And how Eva Mendes ends up in it. Julianna Margulies, since she seems to enjoy ceramic sh-t all over her dress, fine. But how Prada paired this with Eva Mendes, I can't understand. It's a terrible combination. And she looks overwhelmed by it. Shellshocked, even. Like, how did I end up here, in this crazy dress with refrigerator magnets all over it, the peplum part proportionally much too big in comparison to my torso, and why did Prada make me look so bad? Did Gwyneth have something to do with this? Can we find a way to blame her? There's something about Eva's expression that's telling me she's been meangirled. My G is never far from a meangirl situation.


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text:
And dolls and inanimate objects… not to mention insects, birds, and other animals.
One of my favorite old Twilight Zone episodes imagines what happens to department store mannequins "after hours": they come to life with human interactions and desires–including the desire to see the world of real people outside the store… Rod Serling was widely (and rightly) praised for imagining the interior lives of inanimate objects, animating them, and imbuing them with "humanity."
Yet a reader of nineteenth-century children's books will find nothing all that startling about inanimate objects coming to life. We're all familiar with the pack of playing cards that springs to life in Alice in Wonderland led by the notorious Queen of Hearts ("Off with her head!")–although truth be told, animated playing cards appeared earlier, in William Newbery's History of the King and Queen of Spades (published in the early 1800s).
And several relatively early Warne toy book titles present similar imaginative renderings, using the toy book's unusual synergy between text and illustrations. In Warne's Jack in the Box (issued between 1866 and 1881), a Christmas gift jack-in-the-box magically seems to animate himself and he adopts a changing series of different costumes and personas:sailor, grenadier, ploughman, carpenter, jester, harlequin, and back into a sailor. Three-quarter page chromoxylographs vividly present the changes described in the verse text and show the children audience's delight at them.
And in Warne's Life of a Doll, issued between 1867 and 1868, Violet, the doll belonging to a little girl named Fanny, is presented as a play-thing in England who somehow comes to life and accompanies her mistress on a journey overseas when Fanny's colonel father deploys to India. As Fanny's constant traveling companion–much like other female traveling companions common in fiction of the time–Violet "becomes a great traveler" and is pictured visiting "exotic" sights in Indiaand later being received at the French court," where she receives a diamond locket from Empress Eugenie, who has "heard of the little English girl's walking doll."(Eugenie fled France for England in 1870 with the onset of the Franco-Prussian War, which would seemingly confirm a publication date before then.) But after Fanny's family returns to England a number of years later, the now-older Fanny "no longer cared to play with dolls," so she gives Violet to her younger cousin, Amelia.
Fairly standard narrative fare, but extended here by the accompanying graphical element. Violet is first described and pictured as an inanimate doll. Then, the text narrates that Violet "stood up" by Fanny at a party, and most of the chromoxylographed illustration panels in the story depict her as an ambulatory active entity, magically imbued with the ability to move through means unspecified. The very last quarter-page illustration presents her as a mere doll again though, as she is being handed over to a new owner, thus returning her to the inanimate state she had at the beginning of the story.
What sort of imaginative alchemy, or narrative "instability," is this? The apparent answer, I think, lies in the last lines of text, which tell us that Fanny herself "wrote this life of a doll," so she is the fictive author of the narrative. But while the text may be Fanny's, the illustrations seemingly present what she herself imaginatively experiences when her doll "comes to life." A reader could read Fanny's text alone as a child's figurative speaking while daydreaming about playing with her favorite doll (just think of how most American Girl advertisements present girls and their dolls). But the illustrations clearly show Violet as a moving, apparently living, entity–and they thus add a literal aspect to the overall presentation of her coming to life.
Illustration in Life of a Doll thus functions in an almost metatextual way, commenting on the text and expanding its meaning to a reader/viewer in a way that seemingly goes far beyond the role we usually assign to illustrations "depicting" a narrative or "accompanying" it.
It shouldn't really surprise us that the imaginative feats in Life of a Doll and Jack in the Box take place in are heavily-illustrated "toy books," any more than it should that Alice is virtually inconceivable without Tenniel's illustrations. Words alone can hardly convey the amazing spectacle of objects coming to life without the imaginative aid of vivid illustrations, in particular to a child reader perhaps more inclined to read a text and the events it describes more literally that an adult would. Words use rhetorical or language-based devices, such as simile or metaphor, to describe events and bring them to life; illustration depicts life, or at least one way of rendering it. The modes of presentation–and the reader-perceiver's negotiation with them–are thus different, and expansively open-ended to new meanings, potentially complementary, but still new and different and potentially independent of the text.
Speaking of anthropomorphized entities, children's books of course abound with all sorts of animals dressing, speaking, and acting like people, particularly in the late nineteenth- and early twentieth centuries. Think of the works of Beatrix Potter or Kenneth Grahame's The Wind in the Willows. Then, of course, there are older, traditional fairy stories like The White Cat, The Hind in the Wood, or The Frog Prince, the last two famously reimagined by Walter Crane in his toy book series. The list of animals dressed up and acting like people–often reenacting human frailties and foibles in a satiric manner–goes on and on. (Just think of all the personified animals in Aesop's Fables.)
Plants may be "less fertile ground" (sorry!) for such imaginative renderings, and there seem to be far fewer instances where we find them brought to life in children's books. But Crane imagines worlds of animated plants sprung to life in Flora's Feast (1889) and Queen Summer (1891)–which he both wrote and illustrated, again suggesting how language and image–the verbal and the visual–can be conjoint in presenting objects, or at least plants, as they become animated. Queen Flora and Queen Summer both waken their plant dominions, which come forth in masque-like processions of animated courtly flowers and plants, presented in brilliant chromoxylographed colors, thanks to the printing of Edmund Evans. Color-printed work like that wouldn't have been technically possible just a relatively few years before Crane rendered them.
Despite the pleasure of having worked with titles by Crane and Carroll via my Cotsen cataloging, John Harris's The Rose's Breakfast still came as a surprise and a delight when I came across it recently. In this story, envious shrubs and flowers, having heard of the delights of The Peacock at Home, The Butterfly's Ball, The Grasshopper's Feast, and The Elephant's Ball (all works in which insects and animals spring to personified life for festive rites) plan a "gala" of their own, organized by Mrs. Rose.
The anonymous author of The Rose's Breakfast imagines a problem though–and a deliciously imaginative solution. Flowers "want the organs of speech" so how can such an event be organized? Simple: Mrs. Rose, "in high beauty" issues invitations by "send[ing] out her fragrance to invite the company" of plants and flowers. But what of Mr. Rose, identified as "Mr. Pluto Rose"? (A Pluto Rose is a type of very dark red, late-seasoned-blooming, flat-petaled rose.) Well, the author tells us that "he never interfered with the pursuits of his wife; he only declared he should not appear, and as he was "a very dark-looking Rose without any sweet," the writer tells us, and Mrs. Rose is "delighted at the declaration," so she can have a free hand in her society machinations. (Intimations of the revenge of Persephone on her dark, reclusive consort?)
Much planning for the party of the season ensures, entailing the assistance of Mrs. Larch and Lady Acacia, the latter eager to introduce "her niece Robinia from America" to society. Visitors from abroad accept, including "all the cedars and firs," except for Mrs. Larch's "cousin from Lebanon" and even all the forest trees agree to attend, except the haughty Lord Oak, depicted in his Nelsonesque Napoleonic admiral's uniform, who "never condescended to go to such meetings."
The breakfast party enjoys quite a cast of characters, beautifully illustrated in hand-colored engravings and wittily described, among them, Mrs. Birch, "dressed with an elegant lightness of drapery," Lady Aspen, "continually shaking her leaves as if she was twittering," the "famous Roses" (all the Henrys, Edwards and Richard the Third), Mrs. Myrtle, Lady Orange-Tree, Lord Heliotropium, Mr. Monkey-Plant, the Evergreens of rank and nobility, "many Laurels," Mrs. Lily with her elegant head-dress, Lord Tulip with the Duchess of Hyacinth, and Lady Sensitive.
Much like Shelley's description of Lady Sensitive's namesake in his poem, "The Sensitive Plant" (first published in 1820), Lady Sensitive is illustrated as a Plain Jane with a simple dress, or as Shelley described her: having "no bright flower" since "radiance and odour are not its dower… It desires what it has not, the beautiful." The similar presentation of the sensitive plant and 1820 publication date of Shelley's poem invite the question: Did Shelley read the anonymous Rose's Breakfast, which first appeared in 1808, when the poet would have been only sixteen years old, and perhaps take inspiration from it?
But amidst all the splendor of The Rose's Breakfast's plant-world's version of "society" in its finery, some guests do not behave with appropriate decorum: Mrs. Ivy is too clinging to her social betters, the Hothouse plants socialize only in their own circle," and "the Nettles, Thistles, and Firge were very troublesome." And some plants are not honored with invitations at all, as Mrs. Rose's breakfast apes courtly standards; the entire Kitchen Garden is left off the guest list, "notwithstanding the elegant simplicity" of many of them. Brilliant floral raiment trumps personality or merit in Mrs. Rose's considerations.
Among those disappointed are: Mrs. Onion, Mrs. Cabbage, Mr. Bean–all depicted as distinctly working class–and Mrs. Bramble, the latter who "was very sharp at not being invited." Also left off the guest list are: many "perennials," apparently being somewhat past their peak at this time of year, and the Misses Crocus, Violet, and Jonquil, and Mrs. Almond because "their beauty was gone by." Clearly Mr's Rose's event is an summertime English garden party!
The social trials and tribulations of hostessing ultimately prove almost too much for Mrs. Rose, much like a contemporary, society-obsessed Jane Austen social butterfly. She becomes "so fatigued" by "her dissipation" that she completely loses her bloom and comes out "no more this season." She is saved only by the professional ministrations of Dr. Gardener and the lavish care of her maid, Valerian, who presumably exerts a suitably calming effect on her frazzled mistress. Notably, neither of these pivotal, but simply-attired characters is presented to us in an illustration–vanity, vanity…
The "instructional" moral of the "amusing" dazzle of words and illustrations in the story finally becomes explicit, although there have certainly been strong intimations of this beforehand. It is only with "the greatest difficulty" that the struggling Dr. Gardener manages to "keep her [Mrs. Rose] properly clothed" (imitations of a distracted King Lear?) via an enforced "confinement." Despite everything, Mrs. Rose remains "a slave to fashion, and nearly became one of its martyrs." Apparently incorrigible, she "still possesses so much vanity and lightness of manner" that she obeys Dr. Gardener only because of Pluto Rose's injunction about "propriety", but we readers know better, having learned our lesson. While Mrs. Rose has apparently learned nothing from her travails, we have been instructed by the events in the story, as well as thoroughly delighted by its interplay of language and illustration.
Publication History Note:
The Rose's Breakfast was issued by Harris in a single edition of 1808, printed by Henry Bryer, an apparent testimony to its lack of lasting popularity with readers. (In contrast, The Butterfly's Ball and The Peacock at Home, both went through quite a number of Harris editions after their initial printings.)
The Rose's Breakfast was later included in F.V. Lucas's collection of late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century stories: Forgotten Tales of Long Ago (c. 1906), where Lucas, in his Introduction, termed it: "poverty-stricken in fancy and very paltry in tone." Lucas added: "I am amazed to think I ever marked it for inclusion [in the collection] at all … the idea of making beautiful flowers as mean-spirited as trumpery men and women can be being totally undesirable [but] it was too late to take it out… Possibly its badness may incite someone to write a better, and that would be my justification."
The full text of the Rose's Breakfast is available online (although, sadly without illustrations) at: http://www.readbookonline.net/readOnLine/53079/


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iwoca Raises £2m From Beyond Digital (Advised Exclusively by Talis Capital)
LONDON, January 2, 2013 /PRNewswire/ --
iwoca, a UK based company which provides instant loans to online retailers to improve their working capital, today announced a funding round of £2m from Beyond Digital Limited, advised exclusively by Talis Capital Limited, a London-based multi-family office. Since launching in March 2012, iwoca has already lent out in excess of £1m to its customers since their launch in March 2012. Online marketplaces, such as eBay and Amazon, are experiencing double digit growth globally, with the UK as one of the fastest growing markets with the highest ecommerce spend per head.
Vasile Foca, director and co-founder of Talis Capital said, "iwoca has developed a highly integrated proprietary platform, using big data to provide high resolution credit scoring of ecommerce traders, which we believe makes this a very scalable business in a rapidly growing market."
Matus Maar, director and co-founder of Talis Capital added, "The market opportunity in next generation lending, using different and new data sources, combined with an experienced and talented management team, is an exciting proposition."
Christoph Rieche, CEO and co-founder of iwoca said, "We are very pleased to have Talis Capital on board, and believe that their experience, combined with the funding will help iwoca grow, providing a valuable service to our existing and future customers."
Based in London, iwoca is a start-up technology company founded by experienced technology and finance professionals. iwoca helps online sellers in the UK sell more by financing their growth based on annual sales and customer feedback scores, factors that a traditional lender won't consider. In a macro environment where banks are lending less, iwoca can provide instant capital for their customers to help grow their businesses. iwoca is the 2012 The Smarta 100 winner http://www.smarta.com/smarta100/2012/iwoca and is in the 2012 Startups.co.uk Top 20 http://www.startups.co.uk/iwoca.html.
Beyond Digital is a Jersey investment company, advised exclusively by Talis Capital, which invests globally in businesses that operate in high growth digital markets. The four key areas of focus are crowd/social media, big data & data analytics, cyber security and mobile technology.
Talis Capital is a London based multi-family office, and exclusive adviser to Beyond Digital. Talis Capital has advised on several high profile technology investments including £2m investment for Navmii (a leading provider of GPS navigation apps with over 11m registered global users), ShareTheMatch (a location based social network for football fans), $10m investment round in FuelQuest (SaaS based outsourced fuel management and tax automation solution) and led the Queremos / WeDemand.com $1m funding round (a social crowdfunding platform to promote concerts in Brazil and the US). Talis Capital also advises on a wider range of private equity and asset backed transactions, as well as technology venture capital.
Talis Capital


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Western Sahara
| |||
Official language | Arabic, Jawa, (Swedish, transvestites only) | ||
Largest city | Al `Uyūn (العيون) | ||
Area - Total - % water |
266,000 km² Nonexistent | ||
Population - Total - Density |
1.5 people (A guy once claimed citizenship here but mistook it for Western Australia), 400 camels, 7 transvestites (see Politics) 0.000001/km² | ||
Status is disputed |
Spain buggered off in 1975. Mostly administrated by Morocco as its south bit, disputed with the Polish front which proclaimed the Sandy Arab Democratic Republic on February 27, 1976, UN is administrating the rest. Thankfully, the whole damned territory is make-believe and no-one cares. | ||
Currency | Moroccan Dirham (MAD) | ||
Time zone | +0 | ||
Calling Code | + 212 (same code as Morocco) | ||
ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code | I won't pretend, even pretend I know wtf that means |
Western Sahara (Arabic: الصحراء الغربية; : al-arā' al-Gharbīyah) is the second most pointless place on earth, just behind North Dakota, but is the Shinning Star of the separate global government called the Anti-United Nations. It is the most sparsely populated territory in the world, mainly consisting of desert flatlands. This is most likely because Western Sahara is make-believe. It is a make-believe territory of northwestern Africa, bordered by desert to the north, desert in the northeast, dessert to the east and south, and the Atlantic Desert on the west. The largest city is El Aaiún (Laâyoune), which is home to everyone who doesn't like vast expanses of make-believe desert.
Western Sahara is on the UN list of make-believe colonies meaning that in the UN's eyes, the territory still belongs to Spain, even though they deny responsibility, and have come to hate the place.
The King of Morocco and the Sandy Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) dispute control of the make-believe territory. Since a United Nations-sponsored cease-fire agreement in 1991, most of the territory has been administered by Morocco, the remainder by the SADR as the Sandy Zone. The SADR is recognised by several states, and a full member of the Union. Morocco administer some of this area as their de-facto "sandy" provinces.
History[edit | edit source]
The history of Western Sahara begins with the arrival of the camel which facilitated trade and exchanges. Earlier, there were some contact lenses, but with no major influence.
The arrival of Islam by peaceful conquest and enslavement in the 8th century played a major role in the development of relationships between Western Sahara and the neighbouring regions. Trade developed further and the region became a passage of camels especially around the desert.
Spanish province[edit | edit source]
During the first two decades of the 20th century at the end of the colonial penetration of the region, Spain carved out the province of Spanish Sahara through successive wars, treaties and agreements with the local population and France, the competing imperial power. This was to gain the strategic camel resource, thought at the time to provide a superior form of mounted cavalry.
However, the territory's neighbours also showed interest in the Spanish Sahara. Both Morocco and Mauritania claimed sovereignty over the territory based on competing traditional claims, arguing that its was artificially separated from their territories by the European colonial powers. The third neighbour of Spanish Sahara, Algeria, viewed these demands with suspicion, influenced also by its long-running rivalry with Morocco. After arguing for a process of decolonization guided by the United Nations, the government of the Desert committed itself in 1975 to assisting the Polish Front, which opposed both Moroccan and Mauritanian claims and demanded full independence. History is unsure as to what the Poles were doing with their front, or why they had one, but it was in the right place for support from several nations.
The UN attempted to settle these disputes through a coin toss in late 1975, as well as a Kangaroo court ruling from the Camel Courts of St Lucia, which declared that the Sandy people possessed the right of choosing whoever the hell they wanted to.
Demands for independence[edit | edit source]
After the death of Franco not funny in November, the new Spanish government abandoned Western Sahara in December, repatriating the dead from its cemeteries. Morocco then stole the northern two-thirds of Western Sahara as its south sandy bit,while Mauritania took the southern third as another bit of camel calvalry training ground. This however met staunch opposition from the Poles, which had by now gained backing from Algeria and waged a gorilla campaign. In 1979, following Mauritania's withdrawal due to realizing that the land was fucking useless, Morocco extended its control to the rest of the territory, and gradually contained the gorillas through setting up the Zoo. The war ended in a 1991 Camel Trade, overseen by the catholic mission under the terms of the UN's trading agreements.
The referendum stalls[edit | edit source]
The referendum, originally scheduled for 1992, was planned to give the indigenous population the option between independence or inclusion to Morocco, but has not yet taken place.
Both sides blame each other for the stalling of the referendum. But while the Poles has consistently asked for the UN to go ahead with the vote, standing only to lose from the status quo, Morocco has been troubled by the risk of losing camels or receiving a large enough vote against annexation to undermine years of theft from the government. It is still unsure as to why the poles are there, but it is clear that their fronts are willing to pollitically contribute th whatever this sandy place will actually become.
Western Sahara today[edit | edit source]
Demonstrations and protests are still occurring in March 2006, after Morocco declared in February that it was contemplating a plan for devolving a limited variant of autonomy to the territory, but still explicitly refused any referendum on independence. The Polish Front has intermittently threatened to resume fighting, referring to the Moroccan refusal of a referendum as a breach of the cease fire, but most observers seem to consider armed conflict unlikely.Camel trading, is however, a foreseeable certainty.
Western Sahara Tomorrow[edit | edit source]
Western Sahara will be free of Morocco's occupation in 2029 and will be one of the seven founding nations of the Anti-United Nations government at its formation in 2031. It would take down the government of Mauritania, Mali and with the help two of the other seven nations, Nigeria and Democratic Republic of the Congo, will also claim Niger, Central African Republic, Zambia, Zimbabwe and finally South Africa. In the Schism War (2036-2090) all will Be assimilated, forced, bribed, or simply ask the A.U.N for a better future of the nation, that the U.N had never given them.
Politics[edit | edit source]
The legal status of the territory and the question of its sovereignty remains unresolved; the territory is contested between Morocco and the Polish Front. Camels play a large part in this. Camel warlords rule most of what is supposedly desert, but they don't realy, because the whole place is made up anyway. Recently, they have employed a tactic of biting bits off the resident Swedish transvestite population, hence their population not being a whole number. The transvestites tried to revolt, but failed because there is actualy no such thing as Western Sahara, it is just a cover-up for a top seceret Pastafarian sect from Blaenau Ffestiniog in the Welsh Congo that has taken up residence there. Or it would be, if Western Sahara actualy existed.
Geography[edit | edit source]
Western Sahara is located in Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Mauritania and Morocco. It also borders Algeria to the northeast. The land is some of the most arid and inhospitable on the planet. There are some camels, and a large amount of sand.
Economy[edit | edit source]
Western Sahara has few natural resources and lacks sufficient rainfall for most agricultural activities. Western sahara is a large exporter of Sand, to continental high class beach resorts. The other major exports is camels, to anyone who wants them.
Geology[edit | edit source]
Sand. Lots and lots of sand. Also sand.
Demographics[edit | edit source]
As of July 2004, an estimated 267,405 Camels (excluding the Moroccan army of some 160,000) live in the Moroccan-controlled parts of Western Sahara. Morocco has engaged in "Moroccanization" of the area, bringing in large numbers of settlers in anticipation of a UN-administered referendum on independence. While many of them are from the desert extending up into southern Morocco, some are also non-Sahrawi Moroccans from other regions. The settler population is today thought to outnumber the indigenous. The precise size and composition of the population is subject to political controversy.
The Polish-controlled parts of Western Sahara are barren and have no resident population, but they are travelled by small numbers of herding camels, going back and forth between the Tindouf area and Mauritania. However, the presence of mines scattered throughout the territory by both the Polish and the Moroccan army makes it a dangerous way of life.
Chance of becoming an Authoritarian Regime[edit | edit source]
It is well-known that the chances of Western Sahara becoming a dictatorship are 92% high, much like Puerto Rico, Hawaii and Alaska (figures they're all part of the United States, doesn't it?). Here are some reasons why:
- Morocco is annoying (get the point...no one likes your stupid fez)!!!
- There's absolutely nothing special about Western Sahara...that is, not without a dictator.
- They are facing a major economic crisis (they use freakin' camels as currency).
- The UN just doesn't care...
- Because there's Muslims there (no offense).
- Because Spain is also annoying...
- Because it's a shithole in which there's no food, water or hope.
Get the point...I hope so.


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Singapore Zoo
Singapore Zoo is well known during the last 40 years, for having among the most beautiful wildlife park settings in the world, where animals roam freely in open and naturalistic habitats. It is home to more than 2,800 animals representing over 300 species of mammals, birds and reptiles.
The elevated platforms, underwater galleries, and glass observatories give you not only a fascinating perspective of the animals, but also the chance to view them in environments that have been thoughtfully built and landscaped after their habitats in the wild.
The award winning park, Great Rift Valley of Ethiopia, will take you through some of the most distinctive global wildlife habitats of the world - from the savannah grasslands of Wild Africa, to the rugged canyons of the Great Rift Valley of Ethiopia, whether you travel onboard one of the guided trams or trek on foot at your own leisurely pace.
Fragile Forest Singapore Zoo will take you on a walk-through exhibit that brings animals and visitors together in one space for intimate encounters. There, you will have the chance to stroll into the home of free-ranging kangaroos and have them eating out of your palms!
The unique Jungle Breakfast with Wildlife programme, which is not available anywhere else in Asia, will offer you the unique opportunity to be treated to a scrumptious international buffet experience in the company of free-ranging orang utans!
Guests of Singapore Zoo also get the chance to understand the animals at a deeper level through well-designed and interactive educational displays.
Wildlife conservation and the preservation of biodiversity are important goals of Singapore Zoo so they try create a world where more will be inspired to learn, appreciate and respect the animals, with whom we share our planet.
Singapore Zoo is just one of the top attractions included in the See Singapore Pass.
Purchase yours today and get to see the most of Singapore for Free!


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