text:
8.19: Groundwater Pollution
- Page ID
- 5457
How could the water in this well be polluted?
Such an idyllic scene. The water from the well must taste as fresh as the springtime air. Of course, the water may be contaminated. Industrial waste from a factory down the road, or any number of other things, could have polluted the aquifer.
How Pollutants Enter Groundwater
Groundwater pollutants are the same as surface water pollutants: municipal, agricultural, and industrial. Groundwater is more susceptible to some sources of pollution. For example, irrigation water infiltrates into the ground, bringing with it the pesticides, fertilizers, and herbicides that were sprayed on the fields. Water that seeps through landfills also carries toxins into the ground. Toxic substances and things like gasoline are kept in underground storage tanks; more than 100,000 of the tanks are currently leaking and many more may develop leaks.
Tanks may break and leak whatever toxins they contain into the ground.
Filtered Water
Groundwater is a bit safer from pollution than surface water from some types of pollution, because some pollutants are filtered out by the rock and soil that water travels through as it travels through the ground or once it is in the aquifer. Rock and soil can't get out everything, however, depending on the type of rock and soil and on the types of pollutants. As it is, about 25% of the usable groundwater and 45% of the municipal groundwater supplies in the United States are polluted.
Pollutant Plume
When the pollutant enters the aquifer, contamination spreads in the water outward from the source and travels in the direction that the water is moving. This pollutant plume may travel very slowly, only a few inches a day, but over time can contaminate a large portion of the aquifer. Many wells that are currently in use are contaminated. In Florida, for example, more than 90% of wells have detectible contaminants and thousands have been closed.
Further Reading
Cleaning Up Groundwater
- Groundwater is susceptible to pollutants that infiltrate into the ground from underground storage tanks or agricultural fields.
- Rock and soil filters some pollutants as water travels down to and through an aquifer.
- A plume containing pollutants travels outward from the source and through the aquifer in the direction the water is moving.
- Is groundwater always cleaner than surface water?
- Is water that is advertised as spring water necessarily free of contaminants? Why or why not?
- How does groundwater move into and through an aquifer?
Explore More
Use this resource to answer the questions that follow.
- What chemicals get into drinking water?
- How does water get into the groundwater aquifer?
- How does rock dissolve?
- How does karst aquifers groundwater get contaminated?
- What are the three types of contaminants?
- What happens to these contaminates when it rains above a karst aquifer?
- What do sediments increase pollution in an aquifer?


text: THE THREE WORMS IN the great vault is a coffin. In the coffin is the corpse of a very beautiful woman. The vault is deep under the ground and very still. Above its bricks is a layer of earth, and if any sound at all percolates into this chamber of death, it is only the delicate tremor and rustle of things growing, of the grass seed pushing its tiny way through the mould, to break at the last into its narrow slip of bright green flame. This, and the weak whisper of trailing rose-roots in whose brown and ugly stems glow such a tender sap and noiseless fervour of exquisite perfume. At intervals, maybe, this dark blue silence is wounded by strange creakings and indescribably tremors: noises that are really the wastings and settlings of decaying bone and flesh, just as if Death were feasting his lips at last with murderous kisses on the flesh of his latest mistress in the secret peace of his terrible bridal chamber. All around the vault are hung great blue-black carpets of shadow, and the floor is damp, and wriggling with the spawn of low life. Let us look into the coffin of the beautiful dead woman, look into it as we would have strangers look into our own with the child eyes of fancy and imagination, rather than with the cold and scaly eyes of knowledge. Only to vulgar and brutish eyes is there any horror, for {317} the sweet process of life is at work in every cell and particle of the dead. Truly, there is no such thing as death. Lips grown tired of speech, and outhonied of the honey of all kisses fade and whisper away into something else. The crude utterances of human language fail them, and they win instead the subtle perfumed conversation of flowers and vegetation. Thus their dust comes to lie about a rose-root, and with the lovely chemistry of earth they tremble back to the surface once more as crinkled and crimson perfume, or a frail flutter of yellow longing. Like flags, like tender waving pennons or messengers of hope and greeting from those beleaguered ones dissolving in the fastnesses of earth. Every rose, every lily is a message from our dead: a sigh or a smile: something simple like the daisy from a simple heart, something of weird and oppressive beauty from some poet's brain, like the passion flower or the fuchsia. In the coffin of the beautiful dead woman, there are three worms, sweet, clean, wavy, little maggots that will one day carry all the charm and delight of the dead back into the world again, will quicken and nourish seeds and roots, so that in the pink glamour of an April almond tree, the glory of the dead woman's hair shall be returned again. One of these creatures is poised over her mouth, which again, to vulgar in unseeing eyes, looks ugly, though it is really more beautiful now than ever it was, for it is quick with frail seeds of countless existences, and is become a very factory and warehouse of Life Itself. Another worm is coming out of the dead right eye of the woman, coiled, as it were, like a little pink amethyst from the stuff of her brain. And yet another peers from the mysterious {318} citadel of her heart, which like a faded and extinguished censer, rusts in the decadence of its scented memories. The three worms dispose themselves and begin to talk. The little worm which is issuing from her mouth begins: "I am her mouth, her beautiful mouth, that sweet frail chalice where her soul delighted to dissolve itself and to lie. That mouth of hers, so nervous, so intimately sensible, that it is pleasant to think of it as the fragile rim of the holy and wonderful amphora of her strange exultant being. "I am --- since I was fed on them --- all that litany of kisses which passion flung like a storm of wet rose-leaves on to her mouth --- am, am I not? --- all those dreams and pale blue shimmering fantasies that love drew like mists out of the hearts of all her lovers to expire in the stained fervour of an instant's rapture. "I am --- forgive it to me! --- all the lies which floated from her lips as sweetly as caresses, all those lies which fled like arrows barbed with gall into the ravished brains of her adorers. One I sent to America, and another to pick out the green glint of Death's eye in the lustre of a glass of poison. I tore husband from wife with my wingd scented words, redolent of the very nudity and flesh of love, yellow, crocus-tinted, opalescent, murderously sweet. "I pricked the souls of little children with the crystal toys of speech that fell from the melting coral of my curvd lips. "I was East and West, and North and South, and sun and moon, and shuddering flight of stars to more than one, and it seems to me, as one of her heirs and sons, that she was not a good woman. {319} "I fear she was bad, for from me were twisted such devious messages, such various, unalike reports, that yes and no became counters of speech almost indistinguishable to my thinking. Once, I remember, there trickled from me a vagrant little flow of words, so bitter and so inviting, so poisonous and yet so intoxicating, that the soul for whom they were meant held up the silver goblets of hearing for its own destruction with trembling, greedy hands, covetous and anxious, hungry and afraid. her voice that purled and rippled and sang through me -- ah! it was like a kiss caged in her throat, and to hear it made a man a father in longing. There are voices like that, and when men hear them, they live a lifetime in an instant, mate, rear children, are widowed, or have their eyes closed for them for the last time by these women whose souls they thus secretly and inviolately espouse." After a little silence the worm which issued from her eyes then spoke: "I am her eyes, and she was bad, bad as her mouth says. Some of that mouth's warm tribute came indeed to me, and I was shut from seeing with the close lips of men beating time to the superb madness of their love music and rhythmic kisses. And I saw --- O what I saw! --- mountains that bowed to her, and stringed necklaces of stars that flashed in ecstasy on Eternity's bosom from the very sight of her. Seas over which she passed on a sensuous errand as live and tremulous as the heave of their own great hearts --- heaves that are the world's sighs for the little brood that teases it, and festers the green and waving glory of its skin and hair. {320} "Much have I looked upon --- I, the now crawling, damp and sightless evidence of her sight. "I am her eyes. "Empires shone in me: suns set, moons arose, and were drowned like lovely naiads in the waters of the sky. I knew wild flowers so beautiful, that one dared not touch them lest their beauty start to mere ugly life. "I am that quiver of fragile and delicious expectation that shone in the virgin eyes of here when ... O happy hour! "I am that greediness, that terrible woman's greediness, fierce as drought, relentless as Death, which devours its own portion in the feast of life. "And I too, like her mouth, witness to it that she was evil. The senses are the person in so much as they are the sweet janitors to all that come and go. Through our five portals life only flows, and the flavour of its tides is with us always. I sit in judgment on myself --- I where the world could gather itself in one, little, humble, focus-point of curiosity and pep into the garden of her soul --- I --- where seas could be held calm and captive in a little pool of blue --- I --- who could consume mountains in a flash, and devour the dawn, I who could bit the moon trail her white limbs for my pleasure through the windy bagnios of the sky. "I sit in judgment and condemn, for often I was a sword when Truth was a little child, and the breasts of my beauty I gave to Worthlessness in the stinking lupanars of Treachery and Deceit. "Brothers, like the afterlight of day, I the light of her life consort with the shadows of evening, and I say it softly, {321} gently, ever as Spring's flying feet touch with unaccustomed primroses the wood, I say it --- She was bad." Then the third worm, which came from the woman's heart, turned to the other two, and said: "I am her heart ... her beautiful, beautiful heart. "What do you know of the deeds of the Queen who were never in her council chamber? "When you were bold, I was perhaps afraid, and when you exulted, there was I know not what trouble of sadness throbbing within me. All that you were I sustained: all your pleasure stirred through me, and you but harvested that which I sowed. "When you were all aflame, it was I who lit you, and you could not even be sad without me. "Not less tender than the inviting curl --- like a curled and fluffy feather of coral --- with which you who were her lips made welcome to some man, was the slow hypnotic wave of my thurible with whose essence I drenched ever cell of her body. I say that she was good, for she was human and she loved, oh! so sweetly, so delicately, so tenderly. "What you did, you, her lips, her eyes and her other senses, was but to make vain effigies of our interior delight, to shatter in the broken shards of translation the mysterious silent beauty of the vase itself. "I, the woman's heart of her, was like to a cave were thousands of voices of unborn children cried softly in the dark, where one felt their outstretching hands in pale and piteous appeal, as one may hear the early lilies break through the encompassing earth. In me were the seed of kisses that could only burst to flower in a hundred years to come. {322} "I am her heart, her ordinary, commonplace woman's heart. Commonplace! Ah! nothing is so mysterious as the commonplace, for it is only Subtlety sleeping and holding its hands a little while. A country clod is more interesting than the most awake and magnetic of geniuses, even as the veiled and cloistered odours of Spring with which one knows the earth is tingling in Winter are more delirious and exciting than the naked bosoms of May. "Will you believe me, that, but I know not what exquisite contradiction, the sweetest kiss was ever a pang to her, and yielding was only less terrible than denial? "On my small insistent beat have lain heads that were heavy with great dreams: men of action and men of fancy who loved her and were loved, it may be, a little of her too. I have been the couch of treaties and the pillow of financial strifes, and on me much uncoined gold has slept through dreamless transparent nights. "Once a poet received her favours, and his head, bowed and weighted with its spongy amorphous magic, rested on me like a honeycomb, all giddy and vibrant with perfume and emotion. "And once an old mother's head, gray and weary with its long rolling down the years, found on me the unexpected peace and happiness of the old. For the old are so lonely, and no one is their friend. ... So, my brothers, I give you the key of all her secrets except that secret which she shares with Time and herself. "I can make all plain except my own mystery, which is the tragedy of everyone, worm, or man, or God. "Blaspheme no more in such childish, imitative fashion! {323} You are nearer the world than I, and its weak vanity has stained you. The eye looks at the world, and the world looks at the eye, and though each learns from the other, it is not often an even bargain and exchange. ..." Then, as the heart-worm ceased to speak, the other two, the eye-worm and the mouth-worm, drew closer to where during all his talking they had been magnetically moved. And all those years which they had passed unconsciously as the lips or the eyes of a woman became suddenly revealed, most vividly different to them. They could not speak, the two detractors, for they had learnt the wisdom and merit of sin. They knew that good and evil are the same thing, that in a world of illusion he who has the most illusions is the richest man, that to be wise unto ignorance is the fairest counsel, that they knew nothing and yet all, that ... And the heart-worm, whose judgment and reasonings had been so readily accepted by the others, grew in his turn a sceptic, since faith cannot live without doubt, and truth is only co-existent with untruth, as day with night, as life with death, as, O beloved! my heart with thine, as vain and coloured chatterings like this with noble and involate silence. EDWARD STORER. {324}

subset: commoncrawl


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In the summer of 1971, a group of musicians made a pilgrimage to Oakdale Cemetery in Davenport, Iowa. They planned to play a simple concert in homage to one of the pioneers of jazz, on the fortieth anniversary of his death.
Almost two thousand people showed up at the gravesite to listen.
The Bix Beiderbecke Memorial Jazz Festival has only grown from there.
This will come as no surprise to those of us who know Bix and have heard recordings of his compositions. The man had a phenomenal musical memory and he used it to weave the unconventional patterns of modern classical composers—Debussy, Ravel, Holst, and Stravinsky—with his own free syncopational style.
And how was he as a coronet player? At a time when music was just starting to favor the soloist, Bix shone:*
The celebration kicks off tomorrow, with the 23rd annual Bix Porch Party at the Davenport Public Library on Main Street. We'll have hot dogs and hot music. Bring your lawn chairs and your dancing shoes.
While you're here, come on down to our Special Collections Center and say hello. We'll show you our collection of Bix Beiderbecke photographs—including one of Bix on a pony—and Memorial Jazz Festival posters.
Bix Lives!
*The singer isn't half bad, either.


text:
Siar, C.H. and Oo, V.P.A. and Nagatsuka, H. and Nakano, K. and Ng, K.H. and Kawakami, T. (2009) Angiogenic squamous dysplasia-like phenomenon in oral epithelial precursor lesions. European Journal of Medical Research, 14 (7). pp. 315-319. ISSN 0949-2321,
Angiogenic_squamous_dysplasia-like_phenomenon_in_oral_epithelial_precursor_lesions.pdf Download (27kB) |
Statement of the problem: Dysplasia, the morphological yardstick of epithelial precursor lesions, is the collective term for a variety of architectural and cytological changes within the altered oral epithelium. Angiogenic squamous dysplasia (ASD), a distinct morphological characteristic in pre-invasive bronchial lesions, describes the presence of capillary tufts that are closely juxtaposed to and projecting into the dysplastic bronchial epithelium. Objective: To determine whether ASD-like phenomenon occurs in oral epithelial precursor lesions, and to speculate on its relevance. Methods: Twenty cases each of mild, moderate and severe oral dysplasia (inclusive of carcinoma-in-situ), and 10 normal oral mucosa (normal controls) were serial sectioned for H and E staining, and for microvessel density (MVD) scoring with CD31, CD34 and CD105. Microcapillary pattern images were digitally captured for 3-D reconstruction. Results: Oral ASD foci consisting of CD31- and CD34-positive capillary loops abutting onto the overlying dysplastic oral epithelium (and causing it to assume an irregular or papillary surface configuration) were identified in moderate (3/20; 15) and severe dysplasia (13/20; 65), but not in normal oral mucosa and mild dysplasia. MVD score demonstrated increasing vascularity as epithelium progressed from normal to severe dysplasia (p<0.05). CD105 demonstrated increase neo-vascularization in all dysplasia grades (p<0.05). Conclusions: These preliminary Findings taken together suggest that: 1. ASD-like phenomenon may be an important intermediary biomarker in oral precursor lesions; and 2. architectural alterations of the entire disturbed mucosa may be a more useful pre-malignancy index.
Item Type: | Article |
Funders: | UNSPECIFIED |
Additional Information: | ISI Document Delivery No.: 495YR Times Cited: 5 Cited Reference Count: 14 Cited References: Barnes LEJ, 2005, WHO CLASSIFICATION T Bouquot J. E., 2006, CURR DIAGN PATHOL, V12, P11, DOI 10.1016/j.cdip.2005.10.008 Carlile J, 2001, J ORAL PATHOL MED, V30, P449, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0714.2001.030008449.x FOLKMAN J, 1992, J BIOL CHEM, V267, P10931 Hirsch FR, 2002, EUR RESPIR J, V19, P1151, DOI 10.1183/09031936.02.00294102 Hirsch FR, 2001, CLIN CANCER RES, V7, P5 Keith RL, 2000, CLIN CANCER RES, V6, P1616 Kujan O, 2006, ORAL ONCOL, V42, P987, DOI 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2005.12.014 Lodi G, 2005, ORAL SURG ORAL MED O, V100, P164, DOI 10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.06.076 Macluskey M, 2000, J PATHOL, V191, P368, DOI 10.1002/1096-9896(2000)9999:9999<::AID-PATH652>3.3.CO;2-P Pazouki S, 1997, J PATHOL, V183, P39, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9896(199709)183:1<39::AID-PATH1088>3.3.CO;2-C Reibel J, 2003, CRIT REV ORAL BIOL M, V14, P47 Shibuya K, 2003, THORAX, V58, P989, DOI 10.1136/thorax.58.11.989 WEIDNER N, 1993, AM J PATHOL, V143, P401 Siar, C. H. Oo, V. P. A. Nagatsuka, H. Nakano, K. Ng, K. H. Kawakami, T. University of Malaya VoteF0209/2003A This study was funded by the University of Malaya Vote F0209/2003A. I holzapfel verlag gmbh Munich |
Uncontrolled Keywords: | Oral precursor lesions angiogenic squamous dysplasia immunohistochemistry CD31, CD34 CD105 lung-cancer tumor progression malignant-transformation possible relevance high-risk tissues |
Subjects: | R Medicine > RK Dentistry |
Divisions: | Faculty of Dentistry > Dept of Oral Pathology & Oral Medicine & Periodontology |
Depositing User: | Ms Nursyafiqah Abd Malek |
Date Deposited: | 10 Jan 2013 00:10 |
Last Modified: | 10 Jan 2013 00:10 |
URI: | http://eprints.um.edu.my/id/eprint/4336 |
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- Home
- City Government
- Departments
- Police
- Training Coordinator
- Police Officer
Police Officer
Class Title: Police Officer (The position of police officer is a civil service position)
Department: Public Safety
Division: Police
General Purpose: Performs police patrol, investigation, traffic regulation, and related law enforcement activities.
Supervision Received: Works under the general supervision of a Police Sergeant.
Starting pay: $25,326.00/Year
Incentive Pay:
- College Degree in Criminal Justice
- 4yr=$150/month
- 2yr=$75/month
- College Degree in unrelated field
- 4yr=$100/month
- 2yr=$50/month
Desired Minimum Requirements
1. Must be 21 years or older at the time of employment
2. Must possess, or be able to obtain by time of hire, a valid Mississippi driver's license without record of suspension or revocation in any state.
3. Must not have a felony conviction or a conviction of a misdemeanor involving moral turpitude, or having a disqualifying criminal history.
4. Must be a US citizen.
5. Must be an elector of the county in which he/she resides
6. Must be able to read and write the English language
7. Must be of good moral character and of temperate and industrious habits
8. Must complete requirements and be certified by Mississippi Board on Law Enforcement Officer Standards and Training during the first year of employment.
Education and Experience
1. High school diploma or GED equivalent, and
2. Completion of one (1) year probation, or
3. An equivalent combination of education and experience.
Necessary Knowledge, Skills and Abilities
1. Some knowledge of modern law enforcement principles, procedures, techniques, and equipment
2. Some skill in operating the tools and equipment listed
3. Ability to learn the applicable laws, ordinances, and department rules and regulations, ability to perform work requiring good physical condition, ability to communicate effectively orally and in writing; ability to establish and maintain effective working relationships with subordinates, peers, and supervisors; ability to exercise sound judgment in evaluating situations and in making decisions; ability to follow verbal and written instructions; ability to learn the city's geography.
Tools and Equipment
Police car, police radio, radar gun, handgun and other weapons as required, side handle baton, handcuffs, intoxilyzer, pager, first aid equipment, laptop computers.
Essential Duties and Responsibilities:
Works shift performing security patrols, traffic control, investigation, and first aid at accidents, detection, investigation and arrest of persons involved in misconduct.
Works assigned shift using own judgment in deciding course of action; expected to handle difficult and emergency situations without assistance.
Maintains normal availability by radio or telephone for consultation on major emergencies.
Carries out duties in conformance with Federal, State, County, and City laws and Ordinances.
Patrols city streets, parks, commercial and residential areas to preserve the peace and enforce the law; controls vehicular traffic; prevents, detects and investigates misconduct involving misdemeanors, felonies and other law violations; and to otherwise serve and protect.
Responds to emergency radio calls and investigates accidents, robberies, civil disturbances, domestic disputes, fights, drunkenness, missing children, prowlers, abuse or drugs, etc...; takes appropriate law enforcement action.
Interrogates suspects, interview witnesses and drivers; preserves evidence; arrest violators, investigates and renders assistance at scene of vehicular accidents; summons ambulances and other law enforcement vehicles; takes measurements and draws diagrams of scene.


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Square Glass Pendant | Sky Collection
These beautiful glass pendants go through the kiln 5 times each to achieve the finished result you see here. Inspired by its namesake the Sky Collection is a mix of beautiful blues and white combined with a transparent clear piece of glass so they appear to be floating in place like a cloud. Due to the process used, no 2 pieces will ever be the same, they are truly one of a kind, so if you see one you like, don't delay! Once they are gone, they are gone forever.
Each pendant comes with a simple black leather necklace so you can wear it immediately but the larger bail allows for easy changing should you have a chain you prefer. The bail (metal loop that connects it to the cord) is made from a plated base metal & will wear with use. Check out my about page for details on how to care for this type of bail so it lasts forever.
Approx. 1 1/8 Wide x 1 1/2" Tall (including bail)


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Best ways that indicate the page has Permanently/Temporary moved to a new location.
Best recommended to set up 301 redirects in 1:1 relationship in WordPress when you change the URLs of your posts and pages or move your website from one domain to another to manage their page rank (or what-have-you) will be passed along to them.
Manage redirection list with Access Date, Source URL, Referrer, Access IP and Hits.
Manage the requested URL structure with host and www settings.
Don't require to write rules in Apache .htaccess – it works entirely inside WordPress.
Eg: If you need to redirect all the old 'HTTP' URL to new secure 'HTTPS' URL then you just need to activate the plugin, it will set destination URL based on your WordPress Site URL and if you want to do custom settings in host/www then you can change it from Redirection Setting in plugin menu.
Keep tracking of 404 pages and redirect on relevant pages – Capture 404 pages from the website with their Access Date, Source URL, Referrer, Access IP, Hits, easily find that URLs and redirect it to relevant pages with Action tab.
Bulk Import/Export – Download/Upload redirection URLs in csv format from Tool in plugin menu.
It's 100% free!
Need Support? email@example.com
- 301/302 Redirection.
- All 404 Redirect to Homepage on One Click.
- All redirection is occur based on 1:1 relationship for best SEO practice.
- Bulk Import/Export in CSV format of redirection list.
- Full logs of all redirected URLs with Last Access Date, Referrer URL and Access IP address.
- You can find the number of Hits in redirection links.
- Redirection based on Regular Expression.
- Option to hide the URL redirection, so you can exclude any URL from redirection list.
- Exclude the back-end from redirection
- Entire website redirected on another website
- Multiple Update/Delete option.
- Auto 404 page Tracking with Access Date, Source URL, Referrer, Access IP.
- Custom Redirection based on host and www setting.
- Apache .htaccess is not required – works entirely inside WordPress.
- WWW to NON-WWW and NON-WWW to WWW redirection without Apache .htaccess rules.
- HTTP to HTTPS and HTTPS to HTTP redirection without Apache .htaccess rules.
How to use?
- Install and activate the plugin.
- Add new redirection rule.
- You need to save the Redirection Setting once if you change the domain.
GPLv2 – https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html
Install via WordPress Admin
- Ready the zip file of the plugin
- Go to Admin > Plugins > Add New
- On the upper portion click the Upload link
- Using the file upload field, upload the plugin zip file here and activate the plugin
Install via FTP
- First, unzip the plugin file
- Using FTP go to your server's wp-content/plugins directory
- Upload the unzipped plugin here
- Once finished login into your WP Admin and go to Admin > Plugins
- Look for 'All In One Redirection' and activate it
Is provide the option for bulk upload?
Yes, Its provide the bulk import and export functionality using CSV file.
What is the Redirection Setting?
You need to set your default host and www settings based on your domain so it will redirect other URL based on settings. There is no need to write any rules in Apache .htaccess file. (Eg: for secure redirection or non-www redirection)
How regular expression will work in redirection?
You need to enable the regular expression option in that specific redirection.
The plugin will match the specific string in requested URL. If match, it will redirection to the destination URL.
Eg. /team (It will match 'team' word in requested URL. If match found, it will redirect to the destination URL.
Eg. /news/* (It will match 'news' word in requested URL and it will find any string after the 'news' word. If found, it will redirect to the destination URL. -
Can we redirect the homepage to another page?
Yes, you need to add slash(/) in source URL to redirect the homepage.
How we can redirect the entire website to another website?
You need to add slash(/) in source URL and need to mark for regular expression to redirect entire website.
Can we hide the specific redirection rules?
Yes, you can hide the specific redirection rules from the redirection list setting.
Is there option to add redirection from detected 404 pages list?
Yes, you can easily add redirection rule for detected 404 page.
Can we delete the multiple redirection rules?
Yes, you can delete multiple redirection rules from redirection list.
What to do if redirection plugin not work?
If the plugin does not work on the website, contact our support Team via following email address: firstname.lastname@example.com.
If you think, that you found a bug in our redirection plugin or have any question contact us at email@example.com. Our support team will solve within 24 hours.
Contributors & Developers
"All In One Redirection" is open source software. The following people have contributed to this plugin.
Contributors"All In One Redirection" has been translated into 1 locale. Thank you to the translators for their contributions.
Translate "All In One Redirection" into your language.
Interested in development?
Browse the code, check out the SVN repository, or subscribe to the development log by RSS.
- Compatible with latest version wordpress 6.2.2
- We have upgraded with Security patches
- Enhancement 404 page to Home Page redirection feature
- Provide the home page redirect to another page
- Entire website redirected on another website using the regular expression
- Exclude the back-end from redirection
- Auto skip the domain name from source URL
- Prevent the duplicate entry of rules
- Bug Fixing
- Now you can redirect all URLs which contain space/%20 in URLs
- Compatible up to PHP 7.1.10
- Change in Add redirection functionality on 404 Page
- Add Note in Redirection Setting while you change custom setting in redirection
- Highlight the Hidden records
- Add Filter and Search Option in 301/302 Record list
- Add Search option in 404 Record list
- Improve Pagination Functionality
- Security update
- Bug Fixing
- Initial


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Super Lawyers profiles
The Super Lawyers attorney profile provides a meaningful snapshot of an individual lawyer's background and legal experience. Each profile enables consumers with legal issues and legal professionals alike to quickly ascertain important education, practice area specialization and industry recognition details. Profiles help distinguish and differentiate relevant legal experience and practice area expertise in more than 70 areas of law. Top rated attorneys are further distinguished by the Super Lawyers and Rising Stars designations.


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Welcome to my genealogy blog. Genea-Musings features genealogy research tips and techniques, genealogy news items and commentary, genealogy humor, San Diego genealogy society news, family history research and some family history stories from the keyboard of Randy Seaver (of Chula Vista CA), who thinks that Genealogy Research Is really FUN! Copyright (c) Randall J. Seaver, 2006-2024.
Wednesday, March 2, 2011
New "Research Courses" on the FamilySearch Learning Site
One of the most useful educational tools is the genealogical presentations on the Learn tab - go to https://learning.familysearch.org/researchcourses.
Here are the courses listed with a green NEW label as of today:
* Researching in the British Isles, presented by Fred Held (28 minutes)
* My Experiences in German Family Research, presented by Fred Held (59 minutes)
* Cemetery Art, presented by Ellen Miller (26 minutes)
* Finding Your Way: Locating and Using Maps in Your Research, presented by Gary Toms (30 minutes)
* How to Find More at a Genealogy Library, presented by Gary Toms (36 minutes)
* If I'd Ever Known, presented by Beth Foulk (52 minutes)
* Managing Your Family Records on the Internet, presented by Fred Held (26 minutes)
* Basic U.S. Military Records with Tiff, presented by Tiffany Wright (25 minutes)
* Beginning Census Research and Record Keeping, presented by Henry Tharp (23 minutes)
* Colonial Immigration, presented by Beth Foulk (53 minutes)
* Colonial Land, presented by Beth Foulk (35 minutes)
* County Histories and Your Family, presented by Janice Shultz (17 minutes)
* Finding the Slave Generation, presented by Angela McComas (18 minutes)
* Locating Ancestors on the Final Rolls of the Five Civilized Tribes, presented by Kathy Huber (26 minutes)
* See You on Sunday! Church Records in Genealogy, presented by Angela McComas (13 minutes)
* Some Underused Online Resources, presented by Gary Toms (56 minutes)
* U.S. Courthouse Research, presented by Christine Rose (25 minutes)
* Welcome to the World of Periodicals, presented by Charlotte McIntosh (11 minutes)
If those don't wet your genea-whistle, go check the entire list of over 130 research courses at https://learning.familysearch.org/researchcourses.
The neat thing about these courses are that they are taught by subject matter experts, they are free to access, and they can be viewed by individuals or groups with an Internet connection. Think about how your local society could use them for member programs and classes.
2 comments:
- Dorene from Ohio said...
Randy - Thanks for alerting us to these outstanding resources!
I did up a brief blog post at my blog, but I didn't know exactly how
to make link back to you.
Thanks again! - Thursday, March 3, 2011 at 1:26:00 PM PST
- Tony Timmins said...
Thanks for this post Randy, I didn't realise that there were so many courses on FamilySearch. I only became aware of genealogy blogging a few months ago, found you quite quickly and have been very impressed with your blog output and content. In fact I was so impressed I decided to begin my own blog. Best regards from the UK. Tony (http://ancestralwormhole.blogspot.com)
- Saturday, March 5, 2011 at 2:29:00 PM PST


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(W) Chris Claremont (A) Frank Miller, Paul Smith (CA) Frank Miller
Wolverine's vacation from the X-Men is interrupted when he discovers that his beloved, Mariko Yashida, has been married off by her criminal father Lord Shingen! When Shingen humiliates Wolverine in front of Mariko, the hero loses heart, drowning his sorrows in beer, bar fights - and the arms of wild assassin Yukio. But when ninjas attack and betrayal strikes from a most unexpected source, can Wolverine reclaim his honor, and rescue Mariko and himself from the trap Shingen has drawn around them both? Then: The X-Men travel to Japan to rejoin their wayward teammate, but the villainous duo of Viper and the Silver Samurai want to guarantee that the mutants' story won't have a happy ending. It's secrets, shockers and broken hearts in Wolverine's legendary first solo adventure! Collecting WOLVERINE (1982) #1-4 and UNCANNY X-MEN (1963) #172-173.


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A young saola, depicted upon a postage stamp issued by Vietnam in 2000
It is widely known that many remarkable species of animal have become extinct or at least highly endangered in modern times. However, it is far less well known that during this same time period, a startling number of equally spectacular species have been newly discovered (having been previously unknown to science) or rediscovered (after having been written off as extinct by science). Here, then, in no particular order, is my personal Top Ten of our planet's most extraordinary and scientifically significant zoological arrivals and revivals of modern times – with my interest in cryptozoological philately providing the illustrations.
Discovered in 1901, the okapi remains one of the most famous and dramatic new animals to have been unveiled for over a century. Back in 1890, explorer Henry Morton Stanley noted that the Wambutti pygmies inhabiting the Ituri Forest in what is nowadays the Democratic Republic of Congo had informed him that they sometimes trapped in concealed pits a kind of 'forest donkey' known to them as the atti. When Ugandan governor Sir Harry Johnston learnt of this, he made enquiries, as a result of which some soldiers from the Congo gave him two strips of vividly striped skin from one such animal. Convinced that this elusive beast, which he learnt was actually known locally as the okapi, was an unknown forest zebra, he sent the skin strips to London's Zoological Society, where they could not be identified with any known species.
In 1901, Sir Harry succeeded in obtaining a complete okapi skin as well as two skulls, and he sent these to London's Natural History Museum, to await the experts' verdict on the okapi's zoological identity. To everyone's amazement, it proved not to be a zebra at all, but something far more extraordinary. It was a giraffe, but no ordinary one. A totally separate species from the familiar long-necked spotted giraffe of the savannahs, the okapi was a relatively short-necked, stripe-rumped species with purple-brown skin, which was adapted for an exclusively forest-dwelling lifestyle. Although similar species were known from the fossil record, it had been assumed that all of these short-necked giraffes had died out millions of years ago, but the okapi's sensational discovery emphatically disproved this. In honour of Sir Harry's successful investigations, the okapi was formally named Okapia johnstoni.
The okapi wasn't the only modern-day zoological surprise revealed in the Ituri Forest. During a scientific expedition there in 1913, American Museum of Natural History ornithologist Dr James Chapin spied a native head-dress containing an unusual feather that he had never seen before. He was so intrigued that he purchased the head-dress, but after a long, vain attempt to identify the feather's mysterious species he finally placed this perplexing plume in his desk, but he never forgot it.
In 1936, during a visit to the Congo Museum at Tervueren, Belgium, Chapin spotted a pair of shabby, forgotten taxiderm birds on top of a dusty cabinet separated from the museum's principal collection - and was amazed but delighted to see that the female bird had wing quills identical to his mystifying feather. Investigating this fortuitous discovery, Chapin learnt that these birds' species inhabited the Ituri Forest, where it was known as the mbulu.
By mid-1937, he had acquired several fresh specimens of the mbulu for detailed examination, which revealed it to be a species of peacock hitherto unknown to science, and the only one native to Africa. Very primitive in appearance, it lacked the exquisite fan-like train typifying the familiar Asian peacocks. Chapin dubbed this remarkable new bird Afropavo congensis, the Congo peacock, and it is still deemed to be the most significant ornithological discovery of the past 100 years.
As far back as 1860, the explorer John Speke had collected native reports of a huge, man-eating hairy ogre that inhabited the Virunga Volcano range of mountains constituting the physical border between the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda, but science dismissed such stories as mere superstition and folktales.
In 1902, however, a Belgian army officer called Captain Robert 'Oscar' von Beringe actually shot two of these hairy 'ogres', and sent them to Europe, where they were found to constitute a totally new form of gorilla - quite different from lowland versions, with a broader chest, longer, darker fur, and longer jaws with larger teeth. The mountain gorilla had finally been discovered, and is referred to scientifically as Gorilla beringei beringei.
Happily, we now know that far from being a man-eating ogre, it is actually one of the shyest and most gentle of creatures - as revealed via the studies of Dr George Schaller, and those of the late Dian Fossey (whose life was the subject of the film Gorillas in the Mist).
Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer, curator of the small East London Museum in South Africa, often visited the nearby docks in search of unusual fishes to preserve as specimens for exhibition in the museum, but during a visit in December 1938 she spotted a fish unlike anything that she had ever seen before. Approximately 1.5 m long and steely-blue in colour, what made it so distinctive were its fins, as both the pectoral and the pelvic fins looked just like stubby legs, and, uniquely among all living fishes, its tail fin possessed three lobes instead of just two. Totally baffled by her strange unidentified find, Courtenay-Latimer arranged for it to be transported to the museum and preserved.
She also wrote a letter (containing a sketch of the fish) to a colleague who had assisted her in identifying fishes in the past – world-acclaimed South African ichthyologist Prof. J.L.B. Smith. When he opened it, he was astonished to see that her sketch closely resembled a coelacanth, belonging to an ancient lineage of fishes hitherto believed to have died out over 64 million years ago alongside the dinosaurs! He lost no time in visiting the East London Museum to see this amazing fish himself, and was able to confirm straight away that it was indeed a genuine, modern-day species of coelacanth.
When Prof. Smith formally documented this sensational zoological find, he named its species Latimeria chalumnae, in honour of its discoverer. After a gap of almost 14 years, more coelacanth specimens belonging to this same 'living fossil' species were found, in the waters around the Comoro Islands. And in 1997, a separate, second species of modern-day coelacanth was discovered in the seas around the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. It was christened Latimeria menadoensis, and possessed brown scales instead of blue ones.
The most spectacular new species of large mammal to have been discovered in recent times is undoubtedly the saola or Vu Quang ox. While conducting field research in an unexplored forest-covered mountainous region of northern Vietnam called Vu Quang during 1992, American conservationist Dr John MacKinnon observed that various native hunters exhibited as trophies in their homes some very long, pointed horns that were unlike those of any species native to anywhere in Asia. Indeed, the only horns that they resembled were those of certain African and Arabian antelopes known as oryxes. When he asked the hunters what animal these mystifying horns came from, he was told that it was a very shy, rarely-seen ox-like creature referred to by them as the saola.
Further enquiries resulted in the procurement of a near-complete dead specimen, revealing the saola to be a dramatically new species that combined a bovine body with the long horns and slender legs of an antelope. It was formally named Pseudoryx nghetinhensis, emphasising its horns' deceptive similarity to an oryx's, but in reality the saola has no close relatives among other species. The size of a buffalo – the saola is the largest new mammal to have been discovered since the kouprey or Cambodian wild ox Bos sauveli in 1937.
This makes the saola's very belated scientific discovery even more remarkable. A few living specimens have subsequently been observed in the wild, and a few even captured and studied alive for short periods, but it remains little-known and very scarce.
Komodo is a small island in Indonesia's Lesser Sundas chain, southeast of Java, and was once used as a convict island for prisoners. Pearl fishermen visiting Komodo were told by the prisoners that this island harboured a huge, ferocious species of land crocodile. Scientists, however, dismissed such claims as fantasy, until, in 1910, Major P.A. Ouwens, director of Java's Botanical Gardens at Buitenzorg, near Batavia (now Jakarta), became sufficiently intrigued by them to send a local amateur naturalist to Komodo in search of the truth. When he returned, he confirmed that such creatures really did exist, but they were not crocodiles. Instead, they constituted a giant species of monitor lizard, and as proof he had brought back the skin of one.
In 1912, this spectacular new species was formally described by Ouwens, who named it Varanus komodoensis, the Komodo dragon. It can grow up to 3 m long and weigh up to 70 kg, making it the world's largest lizard. Komodo dragons will kill and devour anything that they can catch – including other Komodo dragons, and humans!
Until the mid-1970s, only two species of pig-like peccary were known to science, but during a visit in 1974 to the semi-arid Gran Chaco region of South America, overlapping Paraguay, Argentina, and Bolivia, American zoologist Dr Ralph Wetzel obtained skulls and other physical evidence testifying to the existence of a third, somewhat bigger species. What made this discovery even more significant, however, is that when these remains were studied, zoologists realised that their species was already known to science – but only as a fossil form hitherto assumed to have died out at the end of the Ice Ages 10,000 years ago. In reality, however, Wetzel's discovery showed that it had not died out at all, but its modern-day survival had not previously been realised by scientists, even though it was a familiar creature to the Chaco inhabitants. This resurrected species is nowadays known as the Chacoan peccary Catagonus wagneri.
In 2003, an even bigger peccary – the world's largest species – was discovered in Brazil; and in 2007, it was formally recognised and named Pecari maximus, the giant peccary. And back in 1904, the world's largest wild species of true pig, the aptly-named giant forest hog Hylochoerus meinertzhageni, was unveiled in Kenya.
On 15 November 1976, the crew of an American research vessel situated in the waters off the Hawaiian island of Oahu hauled up one of its anchors at the end of the day – and were astonished to discover that it had been partly swallowed by a huge and wholly-unfamiliar shark, which was hauled up with it as the anchor was wedged inside its exceptionally large mouth. The shark had choked to death, so its bulky 4.25-m-long body was taken to Hawaii's Kaneohe Laboratory for preservation. Following a very extensive study, in 1981 it was proclaimed as an entirely new species of shark, radically dissimilar from any previously recorded.
Formally named the megamouth shark Megachasma pelagios, it was so dramatically different, in fact, that it required the creation of a wholly new zoological family in order to accommodate it within the shark classification system. Since then, a sizeable number of additional specimens have been recorded in seas all around the world, making the late scientific discovery of such a large and distinctive species of fish all the more extraordinary, and confirming that the vast oceans undoubtedly hold many more zoological surprises in store.
New Zealand is home to many species of unusual bird found nowhere else in the world, but one of the most beautiful, and elusive, is a multicoloured, flightless relative of coots and moorhens known as the takahe Porphyrio mantelli. Almost as big as a turkey and surviving only on the South Island, it was originally discovered in 1849, but was only rarely seen, and many years would often pass between successive sightings. After a sighting in 1898, however, no further confirmed reports of the takahe emerged for several decades, and zoologists eventually deemed that this time it must surely be extinct.
In November 1948, however, after learning from local Maoris of a mysterious lake not known to Europeans but around whose shores they claimed takahes could still be found, New Zealand physician Dr Geoffrey Orbell organised an expedition to this lake. On 20 November, while the team was searching there, and without any prior warning, just ahead of them a takahe unexpectedly stepped into view - and into history - as the first living specimen recorded for 50 years! Its species' rediscovery is one of the most significant in modern times, and the takahe is now fully protected.
In 1994, while visiting the hitherto scarcely-explored Sudirman mountains of Irian Jaya, the western, Indonesian half of New Guinea, Australian zoologist Dr Tim Flannery encountered a completely unfamiliar yet extremely distinctive species of tree kangaroo, whose eyecatching black and white fur made it look more like a panda! Moreover, in spite of its zoological status, this particular tree kangaroo preferred to spend much of its time on the ground, and was relatively tame, whistling loudly at anyone approaching it. It transpired that the native Moni tribe sharing its forest habitat revere this species as their own ancestor, and thus refrain from hunting it, explaining why it was unafraid of humans.
Known to them as the dingiso, it was totally new to science, and when officially documented and described, it was christened Dendrolagus mbaiso. This delightful panda-lookalike is the most dramatic new species of mammal to have been discovered in Australasia for many years.
And speaking of pandas: the giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca was itself only rediscovered in 1928 after having been written off as extinct for several decades after its original discovery by western science in 1868.
Just over a century ago, zoologists were confidently predicting that all of the world's major animal forms had been found and catalogued. How wrong they were. Even today, very notable new species of animal are still being discovered, and species long believed extinct are still being rediscovered, as documented in my recent book The Encyclopaedia of New and Rediscovered Animals (Coachwhip Books: Landisville, 2012). This is why the conservation of existing wildlife habitats worldwide remains so imperative, in order to preserve biodiversity and avoid the horrifying prospect of remarkable animal species becoming extinct without their existence ever having been discovered. What a terrible tragedy that would be.
My sincere thanks to Pib Burns for kindly permitting me to include in my article a selection of postage stamp illustrations from his excellent cryptozoological philately site (together with illustrations of stamps from my own collection) - please click here to visit Pib's site and see more postage stamps depicting new, rediscovered, and still-undiscovered animals.
And for lots more information on every major new and rediscovered animal from 1900 to the present day, check out my recent book, The Encyclopaedia of New and Rediscovered Animals - the definitive book on all such creatures.


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How did you learn it? From a university or an art school or self taught?
Learnt in College, then University along with many 100s of hours refining my talents on a PC and now iMac
laney69er is right. This is a skill you can develop working hard, checking what people like, trends…
Always be yourself and NEVER copy others.
Tutorials and messing around with different programs was how I learned. Makes it more fun when you can create what is in your mind.!
Over the shoulder of my sister while she was learning Graphic Design in school.
Then lots of messing around on my own.
My skill curve really only shot up though when I started doing actual client work in a small ad agency. I think that it was a combo of harsh lessons in being practical when it comes to graphic design (losing the notion of this is "my" design and I'm making art!) and also the environment of being sandwiched between two brilliant other graphic artists who kept giving me suggestions and criticisms all day long.
But I think as a graphic artist, a bunch of general knowledge in all forms of art is a really good thing, because inspiration comes from all the weirdest places, and thinking that one should only look at or read one kind of thing is a good way to stunt one's artistic growth.
Oh, and Datura. She's not on Sitepoint much now, but I've learnt tonnes from her criticism.
+1 and then i bought wacom intuos tablet and started to draw random shapes and post process it in photoshop.
Although drawing isnt necessary for design it is necessary to create illustrations and simple illustration will be needed for pretty much any project so i consider some hand drawing skills important as well.
I have learned from university.
I taught myself, and from website tutorials.
I'd probably learn some more when I get out of high school and go to a college/university.
I started off learning graphic design at college about 20 years ago, however as soon as you get your first real job is when you really start learning what you need to know. Since then I have learned from people I have worked from at different agencies, from books, websites like sitepoint and online courses. Designers have to know a lot more now than they did when I first started out when the only requirements were knowing how to design for print, but once you get a good grounding and know how to generate ideas and make things look good these can be adapted to new things.
A Graphic designer can learn graphic design from an institute, or refer to online tutorials and article as well and work on real time projects and practice to become a graphic designer. If you want to become a graphic designer then you have to get coaching from well known institute and make a routine practice to improve graphic designing skill and knowledge. You will become an expert as a graphic designer if you start solving online tutorials and update with latest updates and tools.
Originality is tough, almost all design is 'inspired' by shapes, colours, textures from the world we've already been exposed to. As someone pointed out we learn by imitation, as an infant by copying others till our own skills are good enough. It isn't until we hit the corporate world when suddenly copying is seen as a bad thing to do. In the end it still happens we borrow influences from everywhere and use them in our design. On the other hand to be truly creative is something to aspire to be. True creativity doesn't look sideways at what someone else is doing, or has done, it is concerned with what is in front of it.
My own design skills were learnt from those talented individuals around me, from books, from tutorials, magazines, movies, and most importantly - honed by the clients who pick the most hideous places to start from.
I learned everything through online tutorials. A lot of credit goes to sitepoint and its members who kept pushing my level up. I used to participate in the Sitepoint Contests when it was still part of the forums. During that time I came across a lot of awesome designers like malbar designs, logoholik, ulahts etc etc whose work were really inspiring.
I am still learning Graphic Designing and each day learning new elements, techniques and different form of art. Because I believe Graphic Design is such a vast subject it requires years of dedication and passion. But still what ever I have learned are mostly self taught. I have learned basically from reading several good books of Graphic Design, following popular design blogs and forums, online tutorials and lots of practicing. I also think that practicing and experimenting with the design techniques, forms and different software is the only way to learn Graphic Design.
I'm mostly self taught in graphic design. I read a lot of books and blogs on the subject, tried out various tutorials and kept my eyes open whilst out and about. You can gain a lot of looking at posters, advertising, store signs, etc. I also get ideas from going to art galleries and craft fairs. I've also picked up a lot of advice from friends who are graphic designers and my students!
I learned my graphic design on high school and I still browse the internet for more ideas.Online tutorials are great!I also learned from my brother who encourage me to do better.
i watchd some tutorials…and exploring…
Tutorials from various web sites is how I learned all of my graphics design. I am still learning today because there are so many techniques and different effects people are inventing everyday.
self taught… sometimes im surfing the internet and watch some tutorials…
self taught… I think that there is no better way to learn it. The institute give you only the basics, all information is chewed. If you want to become a truly professional designer without self-education you will never achieveend that. But this is only my point of view, yours may differ.


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This article was written by Dr. Noumbissi and published in the January 2013 edition (International Section) for the Orofacial Chronicle Journal from Bhopal, India.
Since Dr. Brånemark first introduced titanium dental implants, a variety of materials have been used successfully for about 40 years. Today implants are made either of commercially pure titanium (cpTi) or titanium alloys. In addition to its biocompatibility, titanium was also initially believed to be inert, nontoxic and nonallergenic1,2. However, several drawbacks have been documented in the literature with the use of titanium and titanium alloys as implant materials in medicine and dentistry. High concentrations of titanium have been detected in tissue surrounding dental implants mostly as a result of wear or corrosion of the titanium implant surface. In an animal study Weingart et al.3 showed that nine months after titanium implantation, titanium particles had spread and were found in adjacent lymph nodes. This indicates the possibility that phagocytes could transport titanium particles to the lymph nodes without any initial or immediate inflammatory response and potentially cause later immunologic reactions.
An increasing number of people who suffer some form tooth loss are choosing to replace their teeth with dental implants. For the last thirty plus years the only and highly successful option for freestanding tooth replacement available in the United States and other countries has been titanium and titanium alloy dental implants. There are increasing reports both in dentistry and medicine of individuals developing sensitivity and allergies to titanium and/or titanium alloys. Even of more concern some of these implants are corroding once exposed to body fluids such as saliva and developing electrical activity when they are coupled with prosthetic components made of other metal alloys. Titanium implants as they corrode are known to release metal ions which create low level electrical currents through the body but also weakens the structural integrity of the implants. With recent advances in implantable biomaterials research and technology, bioceramics such as zirconia (zirconium dioxide) are now available and a new generation of modern implants is made of zirconia. Zirconium Silicate (ZrSO4) is mined and is treated and transformed into zirconium dioxide which is also called zirconia. Zirconia is the crystal form of the material zirconium which is a transitional metal. After mining and processing of zirconium silicate, zirconium is isolated and further processed under high temperature and pressure. Zirconium then undergoes an oxidation and crystallization process which allows it to transition into a structurally stable and inert crystal. This bioceramic crystal is called Yttrium Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconium Polycrystal (Y-TZP) also called zirconium dioxide. Therefore zirconium dioxide is not a metal and presents exceptional physical and biological properties. Zirconia can sustain an extreme load capacity, features a very long service life, and presents no conductivity or interference in the body's meridian systems; it is the most hygienic, non-electricity conducting and stable material for dental implantology and orthopedics. Zirconia implants also present no danger of corrosion, something that is often a serious problem with metal based dental implants. Corrosion of a titanium dental implant occurs when it is coupled with the metal framework or abutment of the crown which more often than not is a less noble metal or alloy than that of the titanium implant. The implant and crown assembly bathes in saliva which is an electrolyte and a good conductor of electricity; this leads to all sorts of chemical and electrical imbalances in the body and to a phenomenon called "battery mouth". Another advantage of zirconia is its low affinity for plaque. Clinical observations and studies show that zirconia implants compared to or next to titanium implants accumulate much less plaque and allow for superior gingival health.
There is a controversial and highly misunderstood aspect of zirconium dioxide in terms of its radiological output. Zirconium Silicate (ZrSO4) depending where it is mined can be contaminated with natural radioactive isotopes including radium (226Ra) and thorium (228Th). This was a major concern in the early 1990's because the ores selected were contaminated. Today zirconium dioxide processing plants have the technology to remove these contaminants and are able to yield and use very pure powders. For example, the radiation emitted by a 3 mol% Y2O3-ZrO2powder was the same order of magnitude as alumina powder, both of which were several orders of magnitude less than that typically measured for water, vegetables and livestock. Zirconia hip ball replacements weigh approximately 100mg and have a natural radiological output of 1mSv per year. The average weight of a zirconia dental implant is 1g, translating into a natural radiological output of roughly 0.01mSv/year. Therefore the radiation risk of zirconia bioceramics is negligible and given that the World Nuclear Association states that the typical background radiation experienced by most people in North America is 3.4mSv, there is little concern for adverse biological effects on the implant recipient.
Zirconia dental implants are a sensible and clearly a healthier alternative to conventional and titanium implant bridges, partials or Overdentures. Furthermore zirconia by virtue of its translucency and all-white color makes it the most aesthetically pleasing option available today for tooth replacement. This is a new era in implant dentistry and the science of oral implantology.
1- Rabin, Steven I., MD; Calhoun, Jason H., MD, FACS, editor: Immune Response to Implants
2- Allauddin A Siddiqi, Alan G T AG Payne,Warwick J WJ Duncan. Titanium allergy: could it affect dental implant integration? Clin Oral Implants Res 22(7):673-80 (2011)
3- Weingart D, Steinmann S, Schili W, Strub JR, Hellerich U, Assenmacher J, Simpson J. Titanium deposition in regional lymph nodes after insertion of titanium screw implants in the maxillofacial region. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg.1994 Dec:23 (6Pt2): 450-2
4- Scarano A, Piattelli M, Caputi S, Favero GA, Piattelli A. Bacterial adhesion on commercially pure titanium and zirconium oxide disks: an in vivo human study. J Periodontol. 2004 Feb;75(2):292-6


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03.6259.4410 | 03.6731.4440
Now, when it comes to building management, there is a tremendous amount of challenging things that you have to take into account. The truth is that without a proper system or some sort of software to track the process, you will quickly get lost with all of the specifications which need to be taken into proper account. This is why we are here to provide you with a comprehensive and reliable solution – our Building Services & Maintenance software – something which is going to help you out with your endeavours and it's going to ensure that everything is handled as per the highest industry standards, hence saving you a lot of money and effort.
Now, Malaysia is without a doubt one of the most interesting markets in the world. It is amongst the quickest ones in terms of development, and it's definitely something that you need to take into account when it comes to it. This is why our Malaysia JMP Property Maintenance System is going to provide you with the things that you might need in order to ensure that everything is handled as per the highest industry standards. This is definitely a consideration that you need to take into proper account.
Right off the bat, you will get unlimited database for your Tenant details. You can keep record of up to 30,000 different tenants, which is absolutely massive. This is going to help you out with a lot of different things. For once, it's going to be a lot easier for your accountancy if you have a database that you can easily export.
You can also generate recurring bills. This is one of the best things that you can take advantage of when it comes to our BSM Software in Malaysia. Instead of having to go through the hassle of invoicing every single time, you can easily automate the process and forget about it. The system is also going to generate late pay interest to the tenants, and it's going to send out reminders conveniently on its own.
There is more! You can record the last readings for different bills and issue official receipts for the payments of the tenants. You can also give access to a lot of users – you can share this with your accountants if you don't have an in-house accountant.
In any case, the BSM Software in Malaysia that we have to offer is going to provide you with a tremendous amount of different advantages that you might want to take into proper consideration. This is without a doubt something particularly important, and you need to handle it. The management of your property or construction is something paramount if you want it to go perfectly well. This is why you might want to ensure that you get it as soon as you can and you can initiate the process.
We empower more than 600,000 accounting and business professionals using Cloud Accounting Software, SQL Account and SQL Payroll to perform their daily operation effectively. LHDN E-Invoice Ready - SQL e-Invoicing Software.


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REGINA -- Another so-called "freedom" rally will be happening on Saturday in Victoria Park and this one is expected to feature People's Party of Canada leader Maxime Bernier.
Bernier posted on Twitter advertising multiple stops in Saskatchewan this weekend.
The Opposition NDP criticized the federal leader for traveling to the province to take part in the rally.
"Maxime Bernier and his rhetoric are not welcome here and the Sask Party should do the same thing and tell him he is not welcome here," NDP justice critic Nicole Sarauer said following Friday's Question Period. "This is the last thing we need in this province."
- Regina restaurants allowed to reopen for in-person dining May 17
- Sask. announces 3-step 'Reopening Roadmap'
The Sask Party said it respects his right to be able to travel to the province.
"If he's going to cause some issues and break the public health orders, that's extremely disappointing that a federal leader is looking at breaking laws," Health Minister Paul Merriman said.
"Anybody that's disobeying the public health order and holding rallies is not looking out for their community, it's very self-serving."
Merriman encourages anyone attending this weekend's rally to help quicken the removal of restrictions by getting a vaccine.
"If you want to get back to normal, protesting isn't going to do it, getting your vaccine is," he said.
The minister added public health officers would be on hand at the rally to watch for any violations.


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Au Coeur de l'Hiver
Click here to browse all Bois Joli designs
"At the Heart of Winter" is a cross-stitch chart (very large and easy-to-follow) with instructions translated in English. It is part of a seasonal series (see below the "related products" section to discover the 3 other designs).
Mistletoe, snowflakes, Christmas decorations: celebrate the winter with the colours of your choice!
Design stitch count: 192 wide x 86 high
Design area:
- 32 x 14,3 cm (12,6 x 5,6 in) on a 32 count Linen
- 30,5 x 13,6 cm (12 x 5,4 in) on a 16 count Aida
- 34,9 x 15,6 cm (13,7 x 6,2 in) on a 28 count Linen or a 14 count Aida
Threads and colours
This pattern is a monochrome, you can choose your own colour, the designer has recommended red DMC 815.
You can also pick 3 matching colours (one per heart).
This design can also be stitched as a negative for a much quicker work: you will then stitch only the hearts' outlines and the little patterns which are left blank in the original version.
The model on the picture has been stitched on a 32 count linen fabric (colour "Natural") using two strands of cotton over two threads of fabric.
Recommended Fabric: of your choice regarding the type (linen / evenweave / Aida) and the stitch count (colour "Natural linen"), 50x30 cm (20x12 in).
This product is a cross-stitch chart + instructions translated in English.


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Shrimp and Crab Omelette with a creamy sauce |
The Omelette
1 tablespoon butter or olive oil
3 eggs
2 teaspoons half and half or heavy cream
2 teaspoons unsalted butter
Combine the eggs, half & half and a pinch of salt, then whisk together.
Heat a skillet over medium heat and add butter.
When the skillet is very hot, add the egg mixture.
Cook without stirring, but gently tilt the skillet a little to allow the uncooked egg to run off.
Flip and cook the other side for 1 minute, then remove from skillet.
Put the filling in the center; fold, add more to the top and serve.
4 oz of fresh lump crab meat
1/2 cup small shrimp ( I used frozen, thawed out)
1/4 cup heavy cream or substiture half and half but you will have to cook longer to reduce for thickness.
2 tablespoon butter
1/4 teaspoon garlic powder
1/8 teaspoon cayenne pepper
salt and pepper to taste
Melt butter in a medium size fry pan, add heavy cream, add fish, spices, bring to a boil, reduce till a light creamy mixture forms. Add a few tablespoons to the center of omelette, more on top serve immediately.
Printable Recipe


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U.S. Sen. Robert Menendez (D) stood before a modest crowd on Monday morning at the Union City Day Care around the corner from where he grew up on Hudson Avenue. He was flanked by some of the most powerful women both in Hudson County and the state, including State Assembly Speaker Sheila Oliver and State Sen. Barbara Buono, and their speeches were made over the sounds of children playing (and crying) in the background.
Menendez is currently running for reelection against State Sen. Joseph Kyrillos (D-13), and was incited to hold the press conference when he heard Kyrillos make an appearance on WNYC's Brian Lehrer show to speak about women's equality issues.
The choice of venue was appropriate because, as Menendez said, his children went there. But more so, he added, because of the issues he came to address.
"How many times do we have to hear that women earn $0.77 for each dollar that a man earns?" – Sheila Oliver
Among other politicians in the audience were West New York Commissioner of Public Safety and former assistant to State Rep. Albio Sires (D-13) Caridad Rodriquez, Hoboken Mayor Dawn Zimmer (D), State Assemblywoman Angelica Jimenez (D-32), Weehawken Councilwoman Rosemary Lavagnino, Union City Commissioner Maryury Martinetti, Assemblyman Ruben Ramos (D-33), and Assemblywoman Marlene Caride (D-36).
Equal Rights Amendment
"We've made a lot of progress toward achieving equality for all Americans," Buono said, "But unfortunately, today, there are some people, including State Sen. Joe Kyrillos, who if they had their way would turn back the clock so that we would look like an episode of 'Madmen.'"
She went on to call the battle in Washington over women's health care issues – for instance, the recent congressional drama over Planned Parenthood that made headlines for months – an "attack" on women's health and deemed the Republican rhetoric of "returning" or "restoring" American family values hypocritical.
"There is a serious war being waged against women and it is a battle that we cannot afford to lose," she said. "The ERA would ensure that once and for all a law would clearly and explicitly state that discrimination against women has no place in the framework of our nation."
Buono spoke of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), which is an amendment to the Constitution that was proposed in 1923 and would guarantee equal rights between men and women. While it has been ratified by 35 states, it has three more states to go before becoming the 28th Amendment.
Menendez became the lead sponsor of the ratification bill in June 2011. Because many don't believe in the need for such a bill or the existence of unequal gender rights, it has met with considerable resistance.
"How many times do we have to hear that women earn $0.77 for each dollar that a man earns?" Oliver asked the crowd. "Those of us who are working class people, we are not part of the one percent. We are the 99 percent, and U.S. Sen. Bob Menendez will speak and represent the 99 percent."
Beyond the Senate election
The challenges to women Menendez referred to beyond unequal wages were, amongst many, the difficulty of raising a family while trying to balance work and caring for other family members. This, he said, makes women the core of families everywhere, which is why ensuring their equal rights is crucial.
Equality in health care is also an issue, he said, including the right of women to make decisions about their own bodies (regarding contraception and abortion – Menendez referred to himself as "demonstrably pro-choice"). He went on to mention the affordable health care act he supported which outlawed insurance companies' practice of considering pregnancy a preexisting condition and subsequently deny coverage.
"I think being a woman or being pregnant is a pretty good preexisting condition," Menendez joked, "But in any event, insurance companies in our nation did this. Or that a woman would have to pay twice as much as her male counterpart for the same geography and the same age group to get insurance. The law eliminated that."
Menendez also emphasized the gravity of the election beyond the Senate, reminding those in attendance that they ultimately choose Supreme Court Justices, who make the laws that govern the issues he mentioned.
"Who goes to the senate, determines the vote on who sits on the Supreme Court of the U.S., the entity that is the final voice of what is the law of the land?" Menendez asked. "This election is much, much bigger than the reelection of one person to the United States Senate. It is about whether women will continue to move forward with the progress we have made in our country, or slip backwards because of Republicans' extremist agenda."
Gennarose Pope may be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com


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Olympian Carl Lewis said on Monday that New Jersey Governor Chris Christie canceled a plan to give the track star a position after Lewis decided to run for state senate in 2011.
The nine-time Olympic gold medalist was reportedly set to serve as the state's "fitness ambassador," before he decided to run against a Republican incumbent in 2011. Yet when rumors began swirling about Lewis' campaign, he told NJ.com that he received a call from Governor Christie dissuading him from running.
"I thought it was going just fine. And when I started to run, when he talked to me on the phone that night, he said 'If you run, we're going to have to cancel the program,'" Lewis said.
Lewis eventually withdrew from the race because he didn't meet the state's residency requirement.
In the wake of the George Washington Bridge scandal that has marred Christie's governorship, Lewis told NJ.com that he sees a parallel between the scandal and his interactions with the governor.
"I felt like he was trying to intimidate me, absolutely. But I definitely didn't feel intimidated," Lewis said. He added that he didn't consider Christie a bully, but "someone who's insecure, and he's governor now and has got the power."


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Iran: Britain asks Iran to investigate death of women's rights activist Haleh Sahabi
Britain has called on Iran to launch an immediate investigation into the death of Haleh Sahabi, the daughter of a veteran Iranian dissident who died during scuffles with security forces at her father's funeral on Wednesday. Sahabi was leading the procession at the ceremony by holding a picture of her father, Ezatollah Sahab. She died from a heart attack after reportedly being attacked by an agent and falling down.
The Foreign Office (FCO) has joined the US state department and human rights organisations in urging Iran to carefully look into the case.
"We call for an immediate and transparent investigation into her death and call on the Iranian authorities to allow her family and friends to mourn her father and her deaths without interference," an FCO spokesperson said.
Her funeral was held within hours of her death by authorities fearing popular protest. She was reportedly buried late at night in contrast to Islamic customs. Her relatives said her body was "confiscated" and her family were deprived of performing normal religious rituals.
Iran's opposition has blamed a security agent for Sahabi's death, but authorities said she was already suffering from "high blood pressure and blood sugar".
"We are particularly disturbed by reports that her death followed heavy-handed action by the Iranian security forces at the funeral and by reports that the Iranian authorities rushed her burial that night with a limited traditional funeral," an official spokesperson said.
Haleh Sahabi, a women's rights activist, was serving a two-year prison sentence but was allowed out temporarily to attend the funeral of her father, a highly respected dissident who was jailed before and after the 1979 Islamic revolution and spent a total of 15 years in prison.
He headed an alliance of politicians whose activities came under scrutiny in recent years especially after the disputed presidential election in 2009 which gave Mahmoud Ahmadinejad a second term in the office.
- Saeed Kamali Dehghan
- guardian.co.uk, Thursday 2 June 2011
Haleh Sahabi, A Searcher for Equality in the Holy Scriptures, Came to An Unholy Violent End
Translated by: Mina Siegel
Wednesday 1 June 2011
Feminist School: Today, Wednesday, June 2, 2011, Haleh Sahabi, women's activist and scholar of the Koran, died during her father's funeral. According to the Jaras site, she was attacked by the plaincloth police while she was walking in the front line of participants in the funeral procession of her father, Ezzatollan Sahabi. She objected to the violent behavior of the police and security forces, who were tried to hamper and disrupt the funeral service. Haleh Sahabi was walking up in front carrying a bouquet of flowers and confronted them and insisted on carrying on as everything had been planned and continue as scheduled. The police forces attacked her and beat her to the ground unconscious. Many women participants came to her aid and try giving her resuscitation to keep her alive while waiting for an ambulance to arrive. However, when she was taken to the hospital, it was too late for any effort to be useful. She died in the emergency room while everyone watched in disbelief.
Haleh Sahabi was born in 1955 into a politically activite family. Her political and social activism could be traced back to the time before the Islamic Revolution when she was very young, and continued to the day she died at the age of 56. Among her activities, she was a member of Mothers for Peace, the Religious-Nationalist Activists, and The Quoran Scholars. She was also a women's and social activist.
Haleh was arrested and sentenced to a two year term in prison in August 5, 2009 due to her participation in a mass protest in Baharestan Square in front of the parliament when Ahmadinejad was sworn in as President. She served her sentence in Evin Prison until very recently, when she was released to visit her ailing father on his deathbed.
Hajeh Sahabi was one of the few Iranian woman Koranic scholars. She spent good portion of her life studying Quran in search of equality for men and women in Islam. Along with co-authors Nader Ghaydari and Lotfolah Meissami, she published a 305 page book titled "The One, The Peak of Crisis, The Peak of Management." Her main concern was to prove that men and women were equal and to find a way to convey the findings to the Religious-Nationalist public.
She believed that when the Koran was read through a woman eyes and when one's standpoint is to search for the presence of women in it, one would see a picture of woman having a very high position and immensely respected. Their being granted the rights of economic ownership, the right to live and not be buried alive, and the right to refuse forced marriage, are only few of the positive points that happened in the early stages of religion, but they all should find an new interpretations today.
Haleh, in June 19, 2008, participating in a seminar on "Woman and Shariati" expressed her concerns and thoughts in the form of questions such as, "Is everything said about women in this book universally true? Are they valid for all times and locations? Or, they are just statements which are only true and applicable to certain stages of time and life? Are they still valid and applicable to our time even when in those early times they changed as required by the exigencies of the situation? Is not that true that one verse was even turned into another verse due to such exigencies?"
She believed that 'the virtues mentioned in the Koran are in terms of the objective and material life and not spiritual values. When in the Koran there is a reference to some superiority, they are only in terms of their material and worldly achievements and gains, wealth, power, knowledge, and skills are worldly virtues and not spiritual ones. For example, there are verses about the Children of Israel's virtues or those of the Prophet David, or other prophets, which are historical evidence as to how men in this earthly life could be virtuous, and gain what is necessary for a healthy life. There are instructions for those who are held to possess such virtues as how to live and how to contribute to humanity's welfare. There are instructions as to how men of power should consider the rights of "others" who do not possess such power, the wealthy to care for poor, the free to be compassionate to the slaves, and men to be considerate of women. Even in verse 75 of Chapter Nissa [Women], it calls for women to fight for the sake of the weak and oppressed, men or women, and advised them to help those who were subjected to injustice. If in most cases, when the Koran has addressed men as the audience of its verses, it was because in those times men were in a position to have better opportunities. But today, those virtues are not limited to men, but women possess many of them as well. It is interesting that in Chapter Nissa it says: "Never envy what one has over someone else. For nothing remaines for a men but those possessions he has gained himself, and for women what remain is only those she has gained and achieved for herself." These gains could be interpreted as social and legal as well as economical ones.
The Feminist School salutes the memory of Haleh Sahabi and demands an investigation of her death and the related the police brutality involved in this matter.
The Feminist School also salutes the memory of Ezzatollah Sahabi, an old time combatant and activist for peace, human rights and democracy.
Source in Persian:


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There are no alternatives for the medicine, be it for chronic illness or for wounds sustained during daily shellings of the city. There are few medical personnel on the scene.
In besieged Homs, a critical wound becomes more terrifying than death itself. A doctor might need to amputate a limb to save a patient's life. In more critical cases, the lack of medical facilities means the only option for patients is death.
During clashes between the Free Syrian Army and government soldiers, the designated points for providing medical assistance in besieged neighborhoods fill up, mainly with wounded civilians. Emergency medical points fill with pools of blood, the small spaces unequipped to handle large numbers of the injured.
Often, a medic in the field does not have time to immediately attend to a patient's wounds. His sole focus is to get the injured person and himself out of the line of fire and to safety. There are few ambulances and stretchers, so the mode of transportation could be a small cart previously used to sell food.
Only simple injuries can be treated at the designated medical assistance points.

Patients with critical cases are transferred to the central hospital, which is barely functioning. Another arduous journey begins, in which patients take underground tunnels and travel through trenches in attempts to avoid regime fire.
Sometimes the injured die before arrival.
This is the one hospital inside the besieged neighborhoods, and it has just two beds. Patients often wait hours to see a doctor, and some die waiting. A stench tells of a lack of proper sterilization, and the small, damp space is below ground, devoid of sunlight, but relatively safe from shelling.
Usually, three doctors from different specializations are at the cellar field hospital. Some have graduated from medical school, while others did not have the luxury of completing their studies. Instead, they learned on the job at field hospitals over the course of the revolt. Many doctors started off as medics, and then became practicing nurses who were able to administer first aid, extract surface-deep shrapnel, stitch up wounds and stop bleeding. Most Homs doctors either fled at the beginning of the fighting or left for fear of arrest for treating civilians and rebels; only the dedicated few remain.
In many cases, a specialized surgeon is needed. Doctors without that training now perform surgery and try to consult with specialized physicians over the Internet.
Sometimes they perform emergency blood transfusion without any prior experience. Yet the patient's life is in his hands only.
Abu Obeida began as media activist and medic in one of the field hospitals.

"When you're under siege, you have to learn to do everything yourself: you cook, wash dishes and clothes, take photos and put out media reports, administer aid and nurse the wounded," he said. "There is no other solution."
Mohammad is a medical student who did not get the chance to finish his studies. He constantly checks in on the wounded at the cellar hospital. He said he believes that the recovery of patients hinges on their psychological state and on their being transported outside of Homs for treatment.
"Hope is the only cure now," he said. "These patients can't be treated with our limited medical capabilities. A [temporary] solution to their ailments is administered to keep them alive for now. We have to give them hope that they will recover, that they will be able to walk again and resume their lives."
Abu Abdu is one of the doctors who treated patients suffering from alleged Sarin gas attacks in Khaldiyeh neighborhood. He recounted a day when, he said, the regime dropped the poisonous gas.
"We didn't know what happened that night. We were in shock," he said. "Dozens of patients were suffering from asphyxiation and physical convulsions. They all arrived at the center at the same time with symptoms of being exposed to poisonous gas. We had no time to think; every moment that passed without doing anything meant more casualties. That was the first time I handled such cases. It was a long and difficult night. We tried to limit the loss of life with what we had available."

Some doctors have lost their lives while on the job, including Bilal, who died three months ago, and Abu Obeida, who died one month ago. Both were killed while accompanying rebel fighting groups.
Abu Yasser, another Homs doctor, was shot when he was making house calls to check up on patients who had undergone surgery.
Medical personnel said they had been regularly harassed by government security forces, through kidnapping and by the shelling of medical centers. The regime considers transporting medicine and medical equipment to civilians and rebels within liberated areas to be an act of terrorism punishable by death or by death under torture.
Activists in Homs have continuously pleaded with the international humanitarian organizations to intervene and evacuate the injured. There is growing concern here among doctors about what will happen to their patients when supplies, inevitably, run out.
This article was translated from Arabic by Naziha Baassiri.


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Charlotte, NC (SportsNetwork.com) - Al Jefferson scored 26 points and pulled down 13 rebounds to help the Charlotte Bobcats take a 105-98 win over the Denver Nuggets.
Kemba Walker added 24 points, seven assists and six rebounds and Gary Neal finished with 19 points on 7-of-9 shooting for the Bobcats, winners in three of their last four games.
"It was an important win. They're hard to guard, but we hung in there. We fought hard. It wasn't our best game. We made a lot of mistakes in the fourth quarter, but it's a good win and an important win for our team," said Bobcats coach Steve Clifford.
Ty Lawson poured in 24 points and dished out six assists and Aaron Brooks finished with 16 points off the bench for the Nuggets, losers in eight of their last 10.
"We didn't seem to get engaged in the game until the end when we were trying to scramble and come back. The game was in the balance all night long and we couldn't seem to get over the hump. They made the plays that they need to make down the stretch and we didn't," said Nuggets coach Brian Shaw.
The Bobcats led 25-22 after 12 minutes. Jefferson scored 12 points in the frame on 5-of-7 shooting from the floor and also pulled down seven boards.
Charlotte opened an 13-5 swing to go up 41-29 following a pair of Walker free throws with 6:47 remaining in the first half. The Bobcats led 51-41 with 49 seconds to go, but a pair of Kenneth Faried layups pulled the Nuggets within six, 51-45, entering the break.
The Bobcats pushed their spread to 14, 69-55, midway through the third and carried a 79-68 lead into the final frame.
Lawson pulled the Nuggets within five, 101-96, with just over a minute left in the fourth quarter, but the Bobcats outscored the Nuggets 4-2 the rest of the way to seal the win.
Game Notes
The Bobcats scored 17 points off 15 Denver turnovers ... The Nuggets outscored the Bobcats 54-24 in the paint ... McRoberts scored 15 points ... Faried finished with 15 points and nine rebounds.


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Technology Education B.Sc.
Technology lessons offer school students an early opportunity to be introduced to interdisciplinary and practically-oriented, systematic, technical thinking. And it answers the "Why do I need math and physics?" with an answer that is literally tangible.
The subject offers teachers ideal flexbility and the opportunity to design lively and motivational lessons. It bridges the gap between one's own handicrafts, exciting experiments, and theoretical models, between hand skills and academic interest.
During their studies budding teachers will not only focus on a single technical discipline, like in teacher training for vocational schools, but also on the fundamentals of different engineering disciplines. Throughout the entire curriculum subject-didactic modules optimally prepare students to teach content in schools. Aside from somewhat more theoretical modues, which are about current social science influences on technology or energy and resource problems, there are always practical modules. They allow students to get their own handicraft experience and are reflected in how application-oriented the subject "technology" is taught in schools.
This allows them to gain a holistic view, with which they can encourage school students to grapple with different technologies and understand how they are intertwined.