text:
You'd think that smooth golf balls would travel farther than the dimpled ones we use today.But that would be wrong.
And there's actually some fun physics behind the dented ball design we see on today's golf courses.
Let's imagine a smooth ball flying through the air.
As the ball travels, its front surface will come into contact with the air. That air will then smoothly go over the front and separate from the ball towards the back.
That separation leaves a "turbulent wake region" behind the ball, which creates drag on the ball.
However, if we add dimples to our theoretical ball, we will be able to minimize the turbulent wake and, therefore, the drag on the ball.
As Tom Veilleux, a senior scientist, and Vince Simonds, director of aerodynamic research at the Top-Flite Golf Company, explained to Scientific American:
"The dimples on a golf ball create a thin turbulent boundary layer of air that clings to the ball's surface. This allows the smoothly flowing air to follow the ball's surface a little farther around the back side of the ball, thereby decreasing the size of the wake. A dimpled ball thus has about half the drag of a smooth ball."
Additionally, dimples also help with lift.
A smooth ball gets lift from backspin, which makes the air pressure on bottom of the ball greater than on the top, thus creating an upward force on the ball.
But while "ball spin contributes about one half of a golf ball's lift," continue Veilleux and Simonds, "the other half is provided by the dimples, which allow for optimization of the lift force."
In any case, you can check out how this all looks visually in the graphic below:
Mike Nudelman/Business Insider


text:
Marx/Engels Internet Archive: Biography
Marx/Engels Biography
and Archives of Family Members
Karl Marx:
Karl Marx
from M.I.A. Glossary
Biographical overview (until 1869)
by F. Engels (1869)
Karl Marx
by F. Engels (1877)
The Death of Karl Marx
by F. Engels, various articles (1883)
Marx and the Neue Rheinische Zeitung (1848-49)
by F. Engels (1884)
Biography of Marx
by F. Engels (1892)
On the love between Jenny and Karl Marx
by Eleanor Marx (his daughter; 1897-98)
Karl Marx
by Eleanor Marx (his daughter; June 1883)
Karl Marx: Biographical Memoirs
by Wilhelm Liebknecht 1896
Karl Marx: Brief Biographical Sketch with Exposition of Marxism
by V.I. Lenin (1914)
Karl Marx: His Life and Works
by Otto Rühle (1928)
Karl Marx: His Life and Work
Progress Publishers
Karl Marx. A Life (excerpt)
by Francis Wheen (2002)
Marx's "Confession", 1865
See also the Letters of Jenny Marx
Recollections of Marx's Literary Interests:
Biographical Notes on Marx's Literary Interests
by Eleanor Marx-Aveling
Small Traits of Marx's Great Character
by Franzisca Kugelmann
From Reminiscences of the First International
by Anselmo Lorenzo
Frederick Engels:
Biographical Article
by Marx (1880)
Biographical Article
by V. I. Lenin (1895)
Engels' "Confession", 1868
Encyclopedia Article
Handwörterbuch der Staatswissenschaften (1892)
Encyclopedia Article
Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (1893)Recollections of Engels's Literary Interests:
My Acquaintance with Engels
by N S Rusanov
from Reminiscences
by Fanni Kravchinskaya
Various media Interviews on both Engels and Marx
(1871 - 1893)
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: An Intro
A book by David Riazanov (1927)
Recollections on Marx and Engels
by Mikhail Bakunin (1871)
Family of Marx and Engels
Jenny von Westphalen
(Jenny Marx) – wife of Karl Marx
Edgar von Westphalen
Brother of Jenny
Jenny Marx
Daughter – Various Articles by her
Laura Marx
Eleanor Marx
Charles Longuet
Husband of Jenny Marx
Jean Longuet (Johnny)
Son of Jenny, Marx's daughter
Paul Lafargue
Husband of Laura Marx
Edward Aveling
Husband of Eleanor Marx
Helene Demuth
Family friend and maid

subset: commoncrawl


text:
What is the Sheehy EasyPrice?
We make it easy to shop for your next vehicle with upfront, no-haggle pricing!
The Sheehy EasyPrice is our fastest and easiest way of helping you get a pre-owned vehicle with the biggest up-front value. It's simple, transparent, easy and non-negotiable.
Because we are one of the largest dealers in the mid-Atlantic, we have access and insights into the market that allow us to price competitively upfront. We use unique, cutting-edge technologies and software in addition to KBB Values and FREE CarFax Vehicle history reports to identify the best prices within the market, getting you the biggest value on our pre-owned inventory. Using our advanced software program, we can determine what every other used car in America is selling for and then we immediately price our vehicle to be one of the best vehicles in our market.
Whenever we get a used vehicle in our inventory we do an immediate safety inspection and appraisal on it. Then we use our software to see how many of this type of vehicle there are within a 200 mile radius of us. Next we look to see what those other vehicles are priced at and price our vehicle to be the best vehicle in our market. It's that easy!
We pride ourselves on having one of the largest inventories in the mid-Atlantic with over 2,000 pre-owned cars, trucks, and SUVs to choose from. Not only do we have the largest inventory, we also have the best selection of used inventory!
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- Factory Certified Pre-owned
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text:
Band Names: Part three
10)I think Crimson Glory was a great name, it's just a shame they wore those silly masks.
9)I think Danger Danger should have spent more time picking out a name.
8)I think that Dream Theater is a simple, but effective name.
7)I think that Saigon Kick sounds like the name of a sauce you would use for a stir-fry.
6)I think Kix sounds silly at first, but grows on you after a while.
5)I think that Circus of power sounds like someone was trying to hard too seem cool.
4)I think that Fastway was a good way for "Fast" Eddie Clark to name the band after himself.
3)I think Waysted was a lousy way for Pete Way to name the band after himself (note: Pete Way was going to be in Fastway with Clark, but pulled out and Clark decided to keep the name as it was anyhow).
2)I think Prong is one of my favorite band names of all time.
1)I think that Dokken doesn't really rhyme with Rockin'.
Feel free to list any band names you like or don't like.


text:
Who will you vote for in Tuesday's special election?
Al Krupski or Sean Walter, we want to know who our readers plan to vote for in Tuesday's special election for the 1st District seat in the Suffolk County Legislature.
Polling places will be open from 6 a.m. to 9 p.m. Tuesday as Mr. Walter, the Republican Riverhead Town Supervisor, and Mr. Krupski, a Democratic Southold Councilman square off for Ed Romaine's seat, which he vacated after he was elected Brookhaven Town Supervisor in November.
Voters who are unsure of their polling place can look it up here.
The district stretches from Middle Island to Fishers Island and includes Shelter Island (until the district lines change next year).


text:
Country: France
Language: English
Place: Paris
Learn to pronounce the names of tennis players
Can you pronounce Garbiñe Muguruza correctly? Or what about Marin Čilić? Forvo's French Open pronunciation guide will help you learn to pronounce not only the names of players, both past and present, but also words and expressions related to this sport.
This tournament, also referred to as Roland Garros, is one of the most important tennis tournaments of the world. The 116th edition is held from 28 May to 11 June, in the stade Roland Garros. The winners of the last edition, Novak Đoković and Garbiñe Muguruza, wil try to defend their title, while Roger Federer and Serena Williams are the most prominent players who will not participate in the tournament this year.
Learn to pronounce the names of male tennis players in Roland Garros 2017.


text:
From Farmers Forum, August 4, 2015
Community opposition to industrial-scale wind power mounting
Excerpt from "Eastern Limits" by Tom Van Dusen
I'm not sure what it is about North Stormont Township but wind power developers seem to love it.
Their calculations must have discovered more forceful winds than normal stirring the township. On the surface, though it seems no more or less windy than any other rural municipality.
In increasing numbers, developers have been wafting through the township looking for prime sites* to erect their industrial turbines. As in other communities where they've landed, their efforts have been the subject of increasing protests, petitions, and testy meetings.
Correctly gauging the way the wind is blowing on the issue, township council has just taken a stand against turbines and their proponents…for what that's worth. With the provincial government relentlessly pushing wind power, it's probably not worth much.**
Mayor Dennis Fife has explained that too many ratepayers are against wind projects for council to reasonably support them. Fife has expressed his personal opposition, claiming wind will never match nuclear power generation.
Typical of disgruntled ratepayers is Roger Villeneuve who worries that towers "much taller than any tree I've ever seen or will ever see" will soon dominate the local landscape.
…Council was helped along in its decision by Concerned Citizens of North Stormont which circulated an unwilling host petition, demanding that elected representatives back it at a meeting July 28. They did.
In explaining its opposition the citizens' committee cited the loss of property values and prime agricultural land, increased hydro costs to cover wind power expansion, environmental impact on birds and bats, health issues related to pulsating noise and shadow flicker, and eventual decommissioning costs.
…Developers have been through all this before, in several other Ontario municipalities where they've landed. You see, they have carte blanche from the province under the Green Energy Act, trumping any local motions, opposing them. Projects are decided by the province's Independent Electricity Service Operator [sic–it is "System" Operator] (IESO) with little regard for local concerns.***
…a growing number of wind power opponents are urging councils to use other tools at their disposal…one suggested option is refusing a bylaw to permit road access to turbine sites. ****
"Enjoy the natural horizon while there still is one," says ratepayer Roger Villeneuve.
Wind Concerns Ontario notes:
* What they are looking for is willing landowners. Wind doesn't really have much to do with it.
** The Not A Willing Host declaration stems directly from a statement by Premier Kathleen Wynne that she wouldn't force wind power projects on communities that weren't willing. Her failure to honour her word is underscored by the 89 (soon to be 90?) communities that have protested by municipal resolutions.
*** This is true but the failure of a developer to gain municipal support does not help them in a successful bid. Bids without community support are ranked lower.
**** This is not actually a valid option: several communities have tried this already and what happens is, the developer goes to the Ontario Energy Board which then grants permission to use road allowances. The municipality is then left without a road use agreement and possibility of compensation for the sometimes considerable damage to public roads.


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This question is directly based on a comment/question that can be read here.
I have a netbook with a Radeon X1200 series (RS690M) that's using the radeon
Unfortunately, I'm experiencing serious graphical glitches that make my system unusable. Here is a video I took for illustrative purposes.
Blacklisting the radeon
driver only results in an incredibly slow desktop which is equally unusable.
I tried doing what this question suggests to force LLVMPipe to be used (with or without the radeon
driver blacklisted), but I experienced the exact same results.
How can I tell if LLVMPipe is being used in the first place?


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We're a Stanford Club Sports team. We promote cycling, in all its forms, in our community.
Members ride together near Stanford and throughout the Bay Area and California and beyond. Our rides are open to anyone with a helmet!
We also promote bike safety on campus and in the local community.
We race road, mountain, and track in the Western Collegiate Cycling Conference.
We compete regularly at USA Cycling Collegiate Nationals and place well in the conference and the nation.


text: Majestic Part 1 - Alien Encounter This is a complete step by step walk through of Majestic by Piranha Interactive Publishing, Inc. ********************************************************************** Node 1- Send node 1 to the captainÕs quarters and link to the data pad on the desk. Write down the first letter of every word in the sentence on a piece of paper. The letter sequence should be HABAHADHEA. Reverse view and return to the shuttle. Send node 1 to the bridge and torch the hull to get inside. Link with the navigation controls on the wall. Punch in the letter sequence you got from the captainÕs quarters. Write down the coordinates of the unknown vessel. They should be 160, 112, 12. Exit the navigation controls and link with the weapons controls. Put in the coordinates of the unknown vessel and click on E. The computer should have a lock on the vessel. Press fire. Reverse view and return to the shuttle. Send node 1 to the probe room and torch the hull to get inside. Go to the shuttle bay and use the anti-grav crane on the shuttle by linking with it and pressing the activate button. Then go to the lobby, listen to the alien, and turn around. Go into the shuttle and link with the data pad. Download the phase viewer and go back to the lobby. (You can use the phase viewer anytime the icon on the bottom of the screen lights up) Next, go to the promenade and continue to the main hall. Enter the security foyer by going to the restaurant foyer, turning around, and clicking on the security foyerÕs doors. Go into the library and link with the computer. Respond to the message and download the computer program. (You can use this anytime the icon on the bottom of the screen lights up) Go back to the main hall and continue to the swimming pool. Go up into the utility ducts and find your way to the quarters. Go into the hallway and turn right towards the cargo bay. Click on the cargo bayÕs doors and read the riddle. The answer is mirror. Activate the machine on the floor. Go down to the lower floor and link with the message board. Write down the word on the bottom. It should be HEADACHE. Go back to the hallway and into the elevator. Link with the elevator controls and click on Level 3. The code is the one you got from the cargo bay. It is HEADACHE. When you get to level 3, go into the ProfessorÕs quarters. Link with the data pad and download the translation program. (You can use this anytime the icon on the bottom of the screen lights up) Go back to the elevator and return to level 1. Return to the BaronÕs quarters which are the ones with the utility ducts you came through. Go to the fireplace (not to the utility ducts) and scan the fireplace till you find a hidden device. Link with the hidden device and remember the message. It should say something like, ÒThe dead manÕs hand has five fingers, only one points to the artifact.Ó Find your way back to the main hall and click on the Night ClubÕs doors. Read the riddle. The answer is Zero. Head left to the poker room and scan the table. Click and hold on every hand till you find the one with two aces, two eights, and a King of Clubs (a dead manÕs hand). Go back to the main hall and enter the security foyer. Go into the bank and link with the panel on the counter. Access the panel and link with the panel behind the picture of the King. Enter the code which is Clubs by clicking on ABC (3 times), JKL (3 times), TUV (2 times), ABC (2 times), and PRS (3 times). Go back to the main hall an go into the restaurant foyer and continue to the kitchen. Torch the cups on the counter. Node 1 will be damaged. Switch to Node 2. Node 2- Go into the probe room and continue to the shuttle bay. Enter the lobby and go into Engineering. Go to the Engineering center and click on the Engineering foyerÕs doors. Read the riddle. The answer is bottle. Link with the doors on the left. The code is the same one you used with the weapons controls. It is HABAHADHEA. When you get inside, link with the computer. Find your way back to your shuttle and switch to node 3. Node 3- Find your way into the utility ducts above the swimming pool and go to the kitchen. When you get there, you will see an alien. Go into the kitchen and torch the alien. When he is dead, you can link with the artifact and return to the utility ducts. Node 3 will be damaged. Switch to node 4. Node 4- Go to the utility ducts above the swimming pool and head towards engineering. You will find the damaged node 3. Link with the artifact to recover it. Go back to where you can go into the quarters and go in. Find your way to the elevator and go to Level 3 (Remember the code=HEADACHE). Enter the smoking lounge and torch the ashtray. If you use the translator program, you will discover that the alien will leave the room to search the level. Exit the smoking lounge and go towards the ballroom. When you are at the ballroom doors, turn around. Link with the force-field controls and turn it on. Go into the ballroom and up to the chandelier. Torch the chandelier which will kill an alien in the other dimension. Go into the hallway in front of you and click on the icon of the artifact. You will go into the the alienÕs dimension. DO NOT GO INTO THE ALIENÕS SHIP! Turn around and go into the ballroom and into the hallway. You will see the alien that you trapped with the force-field. Go back into the smoking lounge and torch the alien explosive device. That will destroy the S.S. Majestic and end the game. ********************************************************************** Using this walk through, you will get 2950/2950 points


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In the wake of Arizona's SB 1070, illegal immigration is at the forefront of national discussion for the first time since the defeat of amnesty in 2007. Arizona's law, which makes illegal presence a state crime, has rallied supporters of immigration enforcement. The open borders lobby is pretending that the sky is falling and using the law to demand that the federal government grant an amnesty.
Lost in this debate is any discussion of lowering legal immigration levels. In fact, many opponents of amnesty argue that while we need to stop illegal immigration, we should increase legal immigration.
Amnesty backers cannot deny that the 1986 amnesty failed to stop illegal immigration, so they now blame the problem on the fact that we did not increase legal immigration enough after the Act. They argue we can prevent future illegal immigration by simply increasing legal immigration alongside an amnesty. Luis Gutierrez's amnesty bill includes a special visa to "prevent unauthorized migration" by simply increasing legal immigration from the country where illegal immigrants come from.
Most Americans do not know just how many legal immigrants we let in each year. The Department of Homeland Security just issued their statistics for new legal permanent immigrants in 2009. Last year, we issued 1,130,818 green cards, the fourth highest year since 1914. From 2000-2009, we issued over 10 million green cards, the highest decade of American history. Currently, there are 38 million immigrants, 24 million of whom are in the workforce. This does not include temporary workers. DHS did not release the 2009 figures yet, but they issued 912,735 temporary employment authorizations in 2008.
Most of these immigrants are low skilled and from the Third World. Less than 10% of new green card holders are from Europe. People of extraordinary ability, investors, and immigrants with advanced degrees made up less than 8% of the new immigrants.
Faced with these numbers, how can anyone argue with a straight face that we don't admit enough immigrants?
Illegal immigration is a huge problem, and we need to step up enforcement and reject amnesty. However, all the problems caused by illegal immigration are exacerbated by massive legal immigration.
Massive legal immigration undercuts the wages of American workers and causes unemployment. Of the 1.1 million new green cards we issued last year, 808,478 were to working age immigrants. During this same time period, over five million Americans lost their jobs. With these numbers, there are no jobs Americans won't do. Harvard economist George Borjas estimates that American citizens' wages go down 3-4% for every 10% increase of foreign workers—legal or illegal.
Massive legal immigration strains social services. Illegal aliens are barred from most needs based welfare programs. After being in this country for five years, legal immigrants are eligible for almost all government services. Although there are loopholes and weak enforcement mechanisms, illegal aliens are still banned from receiving benefits in Obamacare. However, the bill specifically eliminated the five year wait period in the public charge doctrine, which will allow legal immigrants access to government healthcare the moment they set foot on American soil.
Massive legal immigration endangers national security. The vast majority Muslim legal immigrants do not support terrorism, but their large numbers allow terrorists to blend into the immigrant community. The Center for Immigration Studies analyzed every Islamic extremist known to be involved in terrorist plots from 1993 through the September 11 attacks. Of the 48 terrorists, 36% were naturalized citizens or had permanent green cards, 33% had temporary visas, 6% were asylum applicants, and only 25% were illegal aliens.
Finally, massive legal immigration causes massive illegal immigration. As legal immigration has increased since Ted Kennedy's 1965 Immigration Act, illegal immigration has risen alongside it. The top sending countries for legal immigration are also the top sending countries for illegal immigration. In another report by the Center for Immigration Studies, "Two Sides of the Same Coin: The Connection Between Legal and Illegal Immigration," Jim Edwards explains that "The incentive to immigrate to the United States arises from opportunity, the experiences of relatives or peers, and other forces. Liberal family-based immigration preferences, along with myriad nonimmigrant visa classes from tourist to student to business investor, provide ample immigration opportunity to many more people. Whereas one might not otherwise have contemplated uprooting and moving halfway around the globe before, the existence of opportunity affects one's decisions."
When told the facts, the American people almost unanimously support cutting back on immigration. In February, a Zogby poll asked, "putting aside the question of legal status for a moment and focusing only on the totals, is the number of immigrants entering the country each year too high, too low, or just right." 67% said the number was too high, 14% said it was just right, and only 4% said it was too low.
Individual legal immigrants are not to blame for these problems. They came here in search of a better life and played by the rules. The real culprits are the politicians who put cheap labor ahead of the interests of the American people. With 25 million out of work, it's time to put the American citizens first by issuing a moratorium on legal immigration.
Virgil Goode served as a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from 1997-2009, representing the 5th congressional district of Virginia.


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Roof Removal: How To Tear Off Roof Shingles
Conquer the toughest, dirtiest part of reroofing
A full day
Tear off shingle roofing, step-by-step, including safety tips, how to work quickly and efficiently, roofing disposal, and closing up the roof before rain.Tools Required
- Adjustable roof jacks
- Broom magnet
- Cat's paw
- Chalk line
- Extension ladder
- Garden fork or roofing shovel
- Hammer
- Hammer tacker
- Work gloves
- Pry bar
- Push broom
- Roof harness
- Safety glasses
Materials Required
- #30 roofing felt
- Ice and water barrier
Overview: Savings, Planning and Timing
Don't be intimidated by the toughest part of re-roofing—the tear-off. In this article, we'll show you how to remove asphalt shingles quickly, so you can move on to the more rewarding part of the job—laying new shingles. We'll also show you how to "button up" the roof by applying new ice and water barrier and felt paper.
Before you take on this big chore, get a bid from a contractor to make sure the savings are worth the strain. The cost of professional roof tear-off varies widely, depending on where you live, the style of the roof and how many layers of shingles it has. In most situations, you can expect to save at least $1,000 by doing it yourself. In some situations, you'll save $3,000 or more.
A solid, leak-free roof with good gutters is your home's best defense against the elements. Arm yourself with 25 hints for fixing roof and gutter issues.
Before starting the tear-off, get a building permit and check local building codes. Keep the time between the tear-off and reshingling to a minimum, and wait until clear weather is forecast. Although the underlayment should protect against water infiltration, the felt paper can easily tear or blow loose, making your home vulnerable to rain damage.
If you're having a contractor apply the new shingles, coordinate the tear-off so the new shingles will be installed right away. If you're tackling everything yourself, work in sections. Rip the old shingles off one area, then reshingle before moving on to the next section.
Project step-by-step (14)
Prep for the Tear-off
Doing a little prep work on the ground will keep nails and other debris out of the grass and flower beds, reduce cleanup time and preserve the landscaping. Place plywood over the air conditioner (make sure the power to it is turned off) and over doors or windows near the spot where you'll be tossing the debris off the roof. Then cover plants, shrubs, grass and other areas around the house with inexpensive tarps to vastly simplify cleanup.
Rent a trash container (a 20-cu.-yd. size will handle most roofs and costs about $200). If possible, have it dropped next to the house so you can easily throw old shingles directly into it from the roof. And be sure to have the proper roofing tear off tools.
For safety and better footing, nail the roof jacks below the area you intend to strip first. Buy the adjustable type designed to hold a 2×10 board. Space the jacks no more than 4 ft. apart. Nail roof jacks to the rafters with at least three 16d nails through the roof sheathing and then nail on a 2×10 to prevent you—and the shingles—from sliding off the roof.
Wear a Safety Harness
Use a safety harness system to prevent falls. Wear shoes with soft rubber soles for a good grip and long pants to protect against the skin-scraping shingles. Just to reiterate, working on a roof is dangerous, so be sure to take these precautions:
- Set roof jacks (about $6 each) and a 2×10 about 3 ft. up from the roof edge.
- Wear a safety harness (about $150), which you can buy at safety equipment stores and some roofing and home centers.
- Wear soft rubber-soled shoes for traction, long pants to protect your legs, work gloves, safety glasses and have the proper roofing tear off tools.
Strip the Roof, Start at the Peak Using Roofing Tear Off Tools
Start the tear-off at the section farthest from the trash container. Standing at the peak, use a garden fork or a specially notched roofing tear off shovel to tear away the ridge caps and the top courses of shingles.
Some roofers prefer forks because they don't get caught on nails, making it easier and faster to remove the shingles. Others like the tear off shovels because they pull out more nails with the shingles. Work the fork under the ridge caps, prying them loose. As they come loose, allow them to slide down to the roof jacks. Or, if they don't slide down the roof, carry them to the edge of the roof and throw them into the trash container.
Work Downward
Once the ridge caps are gone, slide the fork under the shingles and felt paper and pry the shingles up. Some nails will come up with the shingles. Others won't. Ignore them for now.
Remove shingles in a 2- to-3-ft.-wide section as you work down the roof. The shingles will roll up like a ball in front of the fork. Push the shingles down to the roof jacks. Continue tearing off the shingles and underlayment until you reach the roof jacks, then start over at the top of the roof.
Toss From Roof to Trash Container
As the old roofing material piles up at the roof jacks, carry it to the edge of the roof and toss it into the trash container below. If you couldn't get the trash container close to the house, throw the shingles onto a tarp on the ground. Make the pile on a flat area away from flowers and shrubs.
Shingles are heavy. Dispose of the shingles before the pile gets too large and they slide off the roof. They usually come off in clumps. If you're peeling off two or more layers of shingles, even a small section will be heavy. You may have to pull the shingles apart to make them light enough to carry. Rolling the shingles and felt paper into a ball will also make them easier to handle.
Evaluate Existing Flashing
Slow down and work with care when you're next to chimneys, skylights, dormers or an exterior wall. While it's usually best to replace metal flashing, sometimes it's better to preserve and reuse difficult-to-replace types if they're in good shape. But if you see rust and cracks in the metal, replace it. Metal in that condition won't last as long as your new roof.
If you're keeping the old metal flashing, carefully remove nails and bend it upward off the shingles with a pry bar. Be careful not to damage the flashing. Skylight and chimney flashings are often worth saving if they're in good condition. Once it's out of the way, pull any nails and remove any shingles and underlayment that are underneath. Before you move ahead, get to know about synthetic underlayment.
Tip: Heavily tarred areas usually signal a Band-Aid fix for bad flashing underneath. Replace all this flashing.
Work Around Step Flashing
Pull nails from any step flashing (flashing that's interwoven with the shingles, where the roof abuts a wall) you want to save, bend it up slightly and pull out the shingles from underneath.
Tear-Off Shingles Along the Edge Using Roofing Tear Off Tools
After stripping the shingles down to the roof jacks, remove the jacks. Work the remaining courses loose with a fork or tear off shovel, but don't pry them completely free or they'll slide off the roof.
Loosen the shingles all along the eaves. Then pull off the shingles with your hands, carry them across the roof to the trash container location and throw them in.
Some roofs have self-adhering ice and water barrier installed along the roof edge. This asphalt membrane usually pulls up with a fork or shovel, although it may require some scraping. If it refuses to come loose, simply leave it and install your new underlayment over it.
If you don't have time before dark to clean and apply felt, nail down plastic tarps on your roof for the night.
Trash Old Valley Flashing
Pry the flashing in valleys and over plumbing vents last using a fork. Valley flashing is never worth reusing. This flashing usually has the same life span as the shingles, so plan to replace it.
Starting at the top of the valley, slip the fork or a flat bar under the flashing and pry the metal edges loose. Continue working down the valley, lifting up the flashing.
Remove Vent Flashing
Pry flashing loose around vent pipes. Use a pry bar rather than a fork to avoid damaging the pipes. Never reuse vent flashing.
Clean off the Roof
Once a section has been completely stripped, go back and pull out protruding nails. Then use a large broom to sweep the roof deck clean. Walk carefully. The shingle granules make the sheathing slippery. Watch for any nails you missed earlier and pull them.
When the roof is clean and bare, inspect the sheathing for damage. Rotted areas and broken boards are the most common problems. Cut out and replace damaged sections as needed. Be sure to use new sheathing that's the same thickness as the old. When removing a damaged section, center the cuts over the rafters so you can nail the new sheathing to the rafters. Also, keep an eye out for loose roof sheathing that needs renailing.
Button Up the Roof and Final Clean-Up
Cover the roof right away to protect against rain. Buttoning up the roof is the final prep step before shingling. It consists of installing ice and water barrier and 30-lb. asphalt-saturated felt. This underlayment acts as a temporary weather barrier to keep rain out. But it won't stop heavy rain and wind, so once you start a section, always try to flash and shingle it by the end of the day.
Ice and water barrier is used at roof edges and other vulnerable areas. To install it, snap a chalk line 36 in. from the edge of the eaves. If you have gutters, you'll want the ice and water barrier to cover all of the gutter flashing that's on the roof.
Starting at the rake edge of the roof, align the ice and water barrier with the chalk line. Tack it at the top with staples every few feet to hold it in place. Once the entire section is tacked along the chalk line, lift up the bottom part, peel off the backing, then let it fall back into place. The ice and water barrier will immediately stick to the roof.
Flip the top part of the ice and water barrier back over the bottom section (the staples will easily pop out), peel off the backing, then set it back into place on the roof. Work carefully to avoid wrinkles. They're a hassle to get out. Move on to the next section of roof edge, overlapping the vertical seams of the ice and water barrier by 6 in.
Add a second course above the first, if required, overlapping the first by 4 in. Also lay the ice and water barrier in valleys and around chimneys, skylights and other roof penetrations. Then unroll and staple down 30-lb. felt over the rest of the roof. Use plenty of staples (5/16 in.) to make the felt safer to walk on and keep it from blowing off. This is where the hammer-type stapler (about $30) pays off. You can drive a dozen staples in seconds.
Clean Up the Area
Before climbing off the roof, clean any debris out of the gutters. There will be nails and a lot of granules from the shingles that you don't want pouring out of your downspouts the next time it rains.
Run a broom magnet over the yard to pick up stray nails. You can rent the magnet at tool rental stores for less than $20. Make several passes in different directions. Regardless of how carefully you worked, nails have a way of ending up in the lawn.
When Are Shingles Worn Out?
The most obvious sign that your roof needs to be replaced is a leak. Since you don't want to wait until that happens, inspect the shingles every year. Most asphalt shingles have a life span of 20 to 25 years, although they can wear out and need to be replaced in as few as 15 years, especially on the south side of the house.
Signs that shingles are failing include cupping along the edges (the edges curl up) and extensive cracking. In severe cases, the shingles will completely deteriorate. Buckling shingles (the shingles develop a bow and lift up from the roof) are an indication that moisture is getting underneath them. If large sections of shingles are coming loose and falling off, it's time for a new roof.
Shingles typically show signs of wear along the edges first. Rounded or curled corners are early warnings that the roof is ready or nearly ready for new shingles.
You can stop leaks yourself-no experience necessary. We show you how to track down and fix the most common types of roof leaks. Most leaks take only minutes to repair.


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Union workers for American Airlines agreed to a potential merger, announced US Airways on Friday.
NEW YORK (CNNMoney) -- Workers for three American Airlines unions have agreed to support a potential merger with US Airways Group, according to a US Air document filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Friday.
The unions - the Allied Pilots Association, the Association of Professional Flight Attendants and the Transport Workers Union - represent 55,000 employees, US Airways said in the filing.
But the airline also pointed out that a deal has not gone through yet.
"Today's news does not mean we have agreed to merge with American Airlines," wrote US Airways (LCC, Fortune 500) Chief Executive Douglas Parker in a letter to his employees. "It only means we have reached agreements with these three unions on what their collective bargaining agreements would look like after a merger, and that they would like to work with us to make a merger a reality."
Parker outlined the things that need to occur in order for a merger to become a reality.
"To get to an actual merger, many more things must happen, including gaining the support of AMR's creditors, its management team and its Board of Directors," he wrote. "But this is obviously an important first step along that path and we are hopeful we can all work together to make this happen."
US Airways stock dipped more than 2% on the news.
American Airlines, which is owned by AMR, could use some help. The airline went into bankruptcy last year. In February, the carrier announced that it was cutting 13,000 jobs.
On Thursday, American Airlines reported dismal results for the first quarter: a net loss of $1.7 billion. That's more than quadruple its losses of $405 million from the year-ago quarter, before the carrier filed for bankruptcy last Nov. 29.
The airline blamed reorganization costs, including $1 billion stemming from the rejection of aircraft leases, and also a 17% spike in fuel prices.
Laura Glading, president of the Association of Professional Flight Attendants, released a statement complaining about the "excessive demands" made by American Airlines since filing for bankruptcy, which was part of the reason why the union was supporting the idea of a merger.
"Not only were their demands unreasonable, but their business plan was uninspired and not viable," said Glading, in a prepared message, referring to American. "My fellow union leaders and I had no choice but to evaluate alternatives."
"This agreement puts flight attendants in a far better position than any proposal American Airlines management has made," she said.
She said that a merger between American Airlines and US Airways will "eliminate the competitive advantage" of Delta Air Lines (DAL, Fortune 500) and United Continental Holdings (UAL, Fortune 500).
James Little, president of the Transport Workers Union, said in a letter to union members that he was supporting the potential merger on two conditions: that "US Airways' restructuring plan for labor concessions is clearly less drastic that what AMR has demanded" and that the U.S. Bankruptcy Court allows US Airways to take AMR out of bankruptcy.
The last big airline merger was the formation of United Continental Holdings, a $3.2 billion all-stock deal that was finalized on Oct. 1, 2010.
Other prominent U.S. competitors include Southwest Airlines (LUV, Fortune 500) and JetBlue Airways (JBLU).


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BUS-M 432 Digital Marketing
From social networks to prosumer content and mobile applications, marketing in the digital age is markedly different than in the past. Students in this course will get hands on experience with many of today's cutting edge social and digital marketing tools, learn to critique and create digital marketing strategies, and participate in exploratory assignments to test out the theories that make these tools work. Students will read about the functional theories related to social media including network theory, game theory, and collective intelligence and will then engage in experiencing these theories in action first hand, building to a campaign of their own design. This course includes a full survey of digital marketing approaches from email to augmented reality with an emphasis on matching technology to specific marketing goals. Students in the course must be willing to create accounts on various social media tools.


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Porsche summer wheels and tyre sets combine classic sports car design with individuality and meet every standard you would expect from Porsche.
Your Porsche can produce a sporty performance all year round, provided it is fitted with the right wheels.
During the warmer weather period (temperatures above 7°C), we strongly recommend changing to summer wheels as they ensure high grip levels on wet and dry roads because of their special tread patterns and tread compounds. Summer wheels also provide high driving stability in corners and optimum mileage performance at warmer temperatures.
Please view the Tequipment accessories finder for the full selection of summer wheels and tyres from the Porsche Tequipment range, as well as further product information, part numbers and prices.
For more information, please call 01738 230700 or email us at email@example.com and we will be in touch.
© 2024 All rights reserved to Porsche Centre Perth and its licensors.
*Data determined in accordance with the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) as required by law. You can find more information on WLTP at www.porsche.com/wltp . For Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) range and Equivalent All Electric Range (EAER) figures are determined with the battery fully charged, using a combination of both battery power and fuel.
Values are provided for comparison only. To the extent that fuel and energy consumption or CO₂ values are given as ranges, these do not relate to a single, individual car and do not constitute part of the offer. Optional features and accessories can change relevant vehicle parameters such as weight, rolling resistance and aerodynamics which may result in a change in fuel or energy consumption and CO₂ values. Vehicle loading, topography, weather and traffic conditions, as well as individual driving styles, can all affect the actual fuel consumption, energy consumption, electrical range, and CO₂ emissions of a car.
** Important information about the all-electric Porsche models can be found


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A must for all cotton candy makers, Flossugar is our signature blend of the most perfectly balanced sugar – not too fine, not too coarse, maximum flavor. With no messy mixing or sugar buckets, our White Citrus (Passion Fruit) Flossugar #3715 is ready to use right from the box by pouring directly into the spinner head, and easy to change colors each time you add sugar. Add these variety of flavors to make your cotton candy concession stand out at arenas, stadiums and more. (1/2-gal. carton - Case Count: 6)
Payment & Security
Your payment information is processed securely. We do not store credit card details nor have access to your credit card information.


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The Federal Trade Commission today announced a complaint and settlement with Negotiated Data Solutions LLC (N-Data), which allegedly violated federal law by engaging in unfair methods of competition and unfair acts or practices regarding its enforcement of certain patents against makers of equipment employing Ethernet, a computer networking standard used in nearly every computer sold in the U.S. The settlement will protect consumers from higher prices and ensure competition by preventing the company from charging higher royalties for the technologies used in the standard. The Commission found N-Data liable for its conduct under Section 5 of the FTC Act, alone, without a concurrent determination that the conduct rose to the level of a Sherman Act violation. The vote was 3-2 with Commissioners Pamela Jones Harbour, Jon Leibowitz, and J. Thomas Rosch in the majority and Chairman Deborah Platt Majoras and Commissioner William E. Kovacic dissenting and issuing separate statements.
According to the majority, "We recognize that some may criticize the Commission for broadly (but appropriately) applying our unfairness authority to stop the conduct alleged in this Complaint." But the FTC's authority to stop anticompetitive conduct that does not rise to the level of a Sherman Act violation is unique among federal agencies – and "the cost of ignoring this particularly pernicious problem is too high. Using our statutory authority to its fullest extent is not only consistent with the Commission's obligations, but also essential to preserving a free and dynamic marketplace."
Chairman Majoras disagreed with the majority's determination of liability, stating that "[t]his case departs materially from the prior line [of FTC standard-setting 'hold-up' challenges], in that there is no allegation that [the patent holder] engaged in improper or exclusionary conduct to induce IEEE [Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers] to specify its NWay technology" into the relevant standard. "The majority has not identified a meaningful limiting principle that indicates when an action – taken in the standard-setting context or otherwise – will be considered an 'unfair method of competition,'" she said, adding also, "The novel use of our consumer protection authority to protect large corporate members of a standard-setting organization is insupportable."
N-Data, based in Chicago, is engaged in the business of licensing patents that it has acquired from inventors or other holders of patents. The patents involved in this matter were originally held by National Semiconductor Corporation (National). According to the FTC's complaint, in 1994 National made a commitment to an electronics industry standard setting organization, the IEEE, that if the IEEE adopted a standard based on National's patented NWay technology, National would offer to license the technology, for a one-time, paid-up royalty of $1,000 per licensee, to manufacturers and sellers of products that use the IEEE standard.
NWay technology enables two devices at opposite ends of a local area network (LAN) link to exchange information and automatically configure themselves to optimize their communication. This process is sometimes referred to as "autonegotiation." Standardizing on a single autonegotiation technology allowed devices made by different manufacturers to work with one another and with different generations of Ethernet equipment.
As alleged in the complaint, N-Data obtained the patents knowing about National's prior commitment and after the industry became committed to the standard, but N-Data has refused to comply with that commitment and instead has demanded royalties far in excess of that commitment. The complaint alleges that because N-Data began demanding royalties after it became expensive and difficult for the industry to switch to another standard, N-Data was able to demand higher royalties than the industry otherwise would have paid for the technologies. The complaint also alleges that consumers would be harmed because of N-Data's conduct for a number of reasons, including that firms would be less likely to assist in the development of industry standards, and that many firms would be unwilling to rely on such standards even if they were developed. In addition, the complaint alleges that consumers would be forced to pay higher prices because of N-Data's conduct.
N-Data has settled the charges and will be placed under an order prohibiting it from enforcing the patents unless it has first offered the patent license attached to the order, which is based on the terms offered in 1994, before the patented technology was incorporated into the Ethernet standard.
The Commission vote to issue the complaint and accept the consent order and to place a copy on the public record was 3-2, with Commissioners Harbour, Leibowitz, and Rosch voting yes and issuing a majority statement, and Chairman Majoras and Commissioner Kovacic voting no and issuing separate dissenting statements. The order will be subject to public comment for 30 days, until February 22, 2008, after which the Commission will decide whether to make it final. Comments should be sent to: FTC, Office of the Secretary, 600 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20580.
NOTE: The Commission issues a complaint when it has "reason to believe" that the law has been or is being violated, and it appears to the Commission that a proceeding is in the public interest. The complaint is not a finding or ruling that the defendant has actually violated the law. The stipulated order is for settlement purposes only and does not constitute an admission by the defendant of a law violation. A consent agreement is for settlement purposes only and does not constitute an admission of a law violation. When the Commission issues a consent order on
a final basis, it carries the force of law with respect to future actions. Each violation of such an order may result in a civil penalty of $11,000.
Copies of the complaint, consent agreement, and an analysis of the agreement to aid in public comment are available from the FTC's Web site at http://www.ftc.gov and also from the FTC's Consumer Response Center, Room 130, 600 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.,
Washington, D.C. 20580. The FTC's Bureau of Competition works with the Bureau of Economics to investigate alleged anticompetitive business practices and, when appropriate, recommends that the Commission take law enforcement action. To inform the Bureau about particular business practices, call 202-326-3300, send an e-mail to firstname.lastname@example.com, or write to the Office of Policy and Coordination, Room 394, Bureau of Competition, Federal Trade Commission, 600 Pennsylvania Ave, N.W., Washington, DC 20580. To learn more about the Bureau of Competition, read "Competition Counts" at http://www.ftc.gov/competitioncounts.
Contact Information
Office of Public Affairs
Bureau of Competition


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Adam Sklute, Artistic Director of Ballet West, today announced Nicolo Fonte's appointment to the post of Resident Choreographer for Ballet West, beginning with the Company's 2012-13 season.
"Nicolo's work is exciting, powerful, and thought provoking," said Ballet West Artistic Director Adam Sklute. "His choreography is also a natural fit for my Ballet West dancers. It was clear from the first time Nicolo worked with us that his use of line and torso, his musicality and stylistic quality melded perfectly with our company. My dancers adore working with him and I am excited to see what this close relationship will produce."
Fonte's initial collaboration with Ballet West took place during its 2008-09 season when the Company commissioned Fonte to create a new work for its Innovations 2009 Program. Titled "The Immeasurable Cadences Within" and set to a score by Philip Glass, dance critics hailed the piece as "visually stunning" and "unsparingly meaty". For Ballet West's 2010-11 season, the Company performed Fonte's pulsating "Bolero," set to the music of Maurice Ravel, which critics lauded as "climactic, jaw-dropping and so much fun to watch."
Referring to his new appointment, Fonte said: "I am thrilled and honored to be given this opportunity to deepen my relationship with Ballet West, a company I truly admire and respect. Every time I have worked with the company in the past has been intensely rewarding, and I look forward to many more choreographic adventures in Salt Lake City! "
While Ballet West has invited many choreographers to create on the Company in its nearly 50-year history, Fonte will be the second-only choreographer to hold the title of Resident Choreographer; Val Caniparoli served in this position from 1994 to 1997.
"Nicolo will continue his choreographic career around the world and travel to Salt Lake as needed, "said Sklute. "He is scheduled to produce no fewer than three works for Ballet West within a four-year period of time, and he and I are already discussing a couple of major collaborations which I think will be electrifying."
Known for his daring and original approach to dance, Fonte's work has been noted by critics for a unique movement language as well as a highly developed fusion of ideas, dance and design. Born in Brooklyn New York, Fonte started dancing at the age of 14. He studied at the Joffrey Ballet School in New York as well as at the San Francisco Ballet and New York City Ballet Schools while completing a Bachelor Degree of Fine Arts at SUNY Purchase. Upon graduation he danced with Peridance in NYC and later joined Les Grands Ballets Canadiens in Montreal. Fonte subsequently joined Duato's Compañia Nacional de Danza in Madrid and forged a strong identity in the Spanish company for seven years - for both his dancing and his choreography. En los Segundos Ocultos, (In Hidden Seconds), one of three ballets Fonte made for the Spanish company, was hailed as a breakthrough work of great impact with the poetic vision of a mature artist and indeed this ballet established his presence on the European dance scene.
In 2000 Fonte retired from performing to devote himself full-time to his choreographic career. Since that time he has created or staged his ballets for ballet companies all over the world.
Fonte received a Choo San Goh award for his 2002 collaboration with Pacific Northwest Ballet, Almost Tango, a work which was also voted as one of Dance Europe's "Best Premiere's when it was re-staged for The Australian Ballet in 2004. His subsequent creation for the company, The Possibility Space, premiered in Melbourne in September of 2008.
From 2002 to 2006 Nicolo enjoyed an ongoing creative partnership with The Göteborg Ballet in Sweden, creating and staging numerous works that helped establish the company's distinct profile. While in Göteborg he created his first full-length ballet, Re: Tchaikovsky, based on the life of Tchaikovsky, which was widely acclaimed in the international press and appeared on the "Best of 2005" lists of both Ballett-Tanz and Dance Europe. Fonte has also created seven highly successful works for Aspen Santa Fe Ballet. Their 2010 production of In Hidden Seconds received outstanding critical reviews on their tours all over the US. The February 2011 premiere ofWhere We Left Off has also proven to be a popular addition to their repertory.
Fonte consistently collaborates with the most dynamic companies on both sides of the Atlantic. In 2010, he created Made Man for Royal Ballet of Flanders, followed by the reimagining of the Ballets Russes classic,Petrouchka, for Oregon Ballet Theatre in October 2011. Petrouchka - premiered by OBT in October of 2011 - was hailed for its gripping story, expressive style and the lasting impression it makes. This Petrouchka was staged for the Perm Ballet (Russia) in May of 2012 as part of the prestigious Diaghilev Seasons Festival. Also in May of 2012, Fonte premiered See(k), a new work for Houston Ballet to a commissioned score by Anna Clyne.
2012-13 Season Tickets On Sale Now
Ballet West opens its electric 2012-13 season in Fall 2012 with a dramatic world premiere by Val Caniparoli –The Lottery, based on one of the most famous short stories in American literature by Shirley Jackson. Commissioned on and for the Artists of Ballet West, The Lottery is a powerful and compelling new work, set to a commissioned score by Robert Moran. This exciting triple-bill also includes the return of Nicolo Fonte's heart pounding audience favorite, Bolero, to music by Maurice Ravel. Opening the program is the revival and reworking of Helen Pickett's critically acclaimed But Never Doubt I Love, set to music by Felix Mendelssohn and Franz Liszt.


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Create a Website Account - Manage notification subscriptions, save form progress and more.
Call Roads & Bridges at (850) 248-8810 to put in a work request.
Show All Answers
Monday - Friday, 7:00 am – 5:00 pm.
Call the Roads and Bridges Division at 850-248-8810. After normal duty hours, your call will be automatically transferred to Bay County Emergency Management.
Call Roads & Bridges at (850) 248-8810 to put in work request.
All County maintained dirt roads are graded on a 4+/- week rotating schedule. If you need to make a request for grading, or if you have a special request, please call (850) 248-8810.
You may contact Roads & Bridges at (850) 248-8810 to find out what type of work is being done in your area.
Please contact the Division of Animal Control at (850) 248-6034.
Call the Traffic Management Center immediately at (850) 248-8750.
Florida Department of Transportation at (850) 270-1489.
Please contact Solid Waste at 850- 236-2212. Roads and Bridges does not provide a trash or yard debris pick-up service.
Please contact the Division of Animal Control at 850-767-3333.
The Florida Department of Transportation maintains all State Roads. They can be reached at (850) 270-1489.
Call Gulf Power at (800) 487-6937 or go to Gulf Power Report a Streetlight Outage.


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Eleanor loves Olivia, so we dressed her as her porcine heroine for Halloween this year.
Eleanor's pig nose was drawn on with liquid eyeliner, which held up surprisingly well. I made the ears with fleece, wire, and a headband, and I sewed the sailor collar to go over her store-bought dress. The collar even has stars on the back (drawn on with a marker) for authenticity.
We hope you had as great a Halloween as we did!


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While the property owners may decide to construct improvements with additional monies not included in the PRD, the work must apply for an encroachment permit, and all work will be subject to County standards and procedures.
Show All Answers
Typically, residents will contact us after hearing about the PRD program either by word of mouth, the DPW website, or Board of Supervisor offices. The Department of Public Works manages the program, and forming a PRD occurs only if a majority of the voting property owners support it by formal ballot.
The petition will be prepared by County staff and typically includes the following items:- Name of the proposed PRD- Boundaries of the proposed PRD, including total number of acres- Assessed valuation of land and improvements within the proposed PRD- Number of inhabitants and registered voters within the proposed PRD- Location of the street(s) that will receive maintenance services- The proposed rate and method of apportionment of the assessment
Parcel owners must be on record with the County as having ownership of the parcel in question. Family members not listed on property documents and renters / leasers are not eligible to sign the petition. Petitions will be checked with County records for validity. If the County's review results in less than 50% of valid signatures, the signatures will be returned to the PRD representative and additional signatures requested.
When sufficient signatures have been collected, the petition, along with a list of all the property owners with their Assessor's parcel numbers and mailing addresses, is delivered to the Department of Public Works. Upon certification of the petition and completion of an Engineer's Report and other supporting documentation, the County Board of Supervisors will vote to approve a Resolution of Intent to form the PRD. The Board of Supervisors will then set a date for the public hearing and special election (typically held on the same date). All parcel owners will then be notified by mail and ballots will be mailed out. After the public hearing, the Board will tabulate the election results. If a majority of the ballots approve the parcel charge and no significant issues or concerns are raised during the public hearing process, the Board votes to accept the proposal and approve the PRD parcel charge.
In an effort to keep your administrative costs low, we always encourage property owners to consider a neighborhood contact person (chairperson) as their first point of contact for questions or issues that need resolution. That way, all pertinent items are being channeled through a single point of contact, and the number of interactions between the County and the PRD can be minimized to keep administration costs lower.
If you wish to dispute your inclusion in the PRD or your benefit apportionment, you can submit a written request for re-evaluation and provide a basis for your reasoning. The County will review the submittal and make a determination on your request.
Bringing a road into the County Maintained System would require that several criteria be met. The location and route of the road must be deemed by the County to be of public benefit and necessity. In other words, it needs to appear on a Circulation Element planning document, or there needs to be some demonstration that the road is needed to carry large traffic volumes - usually associated with new development. The road would also need to meet County Public Road Construction Standards which includes considerable width requirements, and substantial road base specifications that translate into much higher costs.
The dissolution process is similar to the formation process in that it requires majority approval of the property owners by weighted ballot. If the ballot to dissolve is successful, the Board of Supervisors can approve the dissolution. Once the PRD is dissolved, responsibility for future repair or maintenance of the roads reverts back to the property owners.
However, some neighborhoods may decide to designate a PRD Chairperson and/or Committee Members to adequately represent the property owners. Most often, the PRD Chairperson is a project proponent who initiates and leads the formation effort. Anyone who wishes to be on the PRD Committee should contact the Chairperson to volunteer. The PRD Committee should consist of parcel owners that provide input of road maintenance needs to the Chairperson, and are kept informed of PRD activities by the Chairperson, through use of a newsletter or periodic meetings.
In some cases property owners may wish to temporarily increase their assessments (over a predetermined time period not to exceed 5 years) or deposit funds directly into a PRD account to advance needed road maintenance services. These options are available to property owners if needed and can be included in the Engineer's Report and PRD approval process.
Ultimate authority for the PRD, including its initial formation or dissolution, management, annual budget, and assessment collection, lies with the County Board of Supervisors.


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The City provides street name identification signs at all intersections within the City. Signs are in place to serve as navigational and safety devices.Street Name Sign
On residential intersections a post with two signs identifying the cross streets is mounted on one of the quadrants. Posts are installed for the street name sign, or the signs may be mounted on street light posts or overhead traffic signals mast arms.
The signs contain the street name and may include the approximate street/postal address number for the segment of roadway.
The present sign standard is as follows:
Signs are replaced when vandalized, or when a street name is changed. All signs are refurbished on a periodic basis in order to maintain good visibility and reflectivity. Expected service life is estimated between 10 and 15 years.


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Large-scale images have the power of scale to dominate the look and the mood of interior spaces. It's easier than ever to transform a room in a few hours with very little mess with interior photo murals. These are digitally printed, come in workable panels, and have self-adhesive and often removable properties. Digital printing has been the game-changer for photo murals … [Read more...]
You are here: Home / Archives for Photo mural of Ruth Orkin's An American Girl in Italy


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Thailand has officially granted licenses to three cryptocurrency exchanges and one broker-dealer. Two exchanges have been rejected and one is still being reviewed. These seven companies have been temporarily allowed to operate in the country. Two of them will now begin closing down their businesses.
The Thai Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) announced on Tuesday the results of the applications for crypto business licenses. Seven companies applied for a license and have been allowed to operate their crypto businesses while the regulators reviewed their applications.
The country's ministry of finance "has granted digital asset business licences to four applicants," the Thai SEC detailed, noting that two applications have been rejected and one is still under review.
Thailand Issues 4 Cryptocurrency Licenses, Rejects 2 ExchangesThree crypto exchanges and one broker-dealer have received licenses. The three approved exchanges are Bitcoin Exchange Co. Ltd. (Bx), Bitkub Online Co. Ltd. (Bitkub), and Satang Corporation (Satang Pro). The approved broker-dealer is Coins Th Co. Ltd.
Meanwhile, the license application filed by local crypto exchange Coin Asset Co. Ltd. is still being reviewed but the company is permitted to keep operating while the decision has not been made. The delay is due to "a change of company executives, which is material information for the consideration of the application," the commission described.
Two Crypto Exchanges Closing
The applications for crypto exchange licenses filed by Cash2coin Co. Ltd. and Southeast Asia Digital Exchange Co. Ltd. (Seadex) have been rejected. The Thai SEC revealed:
The commission added, "For example, the systems for custody of client assets and know your customer (KYC) were inconsistent with the SEC's acceptable standards, while the sufficiency of their IT security and cyber security systems could not be verified."
The two businesses have been notified of the closing down procedure by the Thai SEC.
The country's ministry of finance is allowing both of them to continue operating until Jan. 14 "to ensure proper proceeding of related matters including notification to the clients regarding asset refunds or asset transfers to other digital asset operators according to the clients' order," the SEC noted. The two are required to return customer assets and notify the commission of the results. However, the regulator clarified:


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"The whole aim of practical politics is to keep the populace alarmed (and hence clamorous to be led to safety) by menacing it with an endless series of hobgoblins, all of them imaginary." ~ H.L. Mencken
The Fallout of War
The American public is now seeing a thumbnail of the fallout of war, things that the press has heretofore kept out of the sight of the average American at home. We have wanted to believe in glory, in a war movie rather than in the blood, gore and savagery of war itself.
Somehow I recall the progression as being the carefully-edited newsreels at the movies, plus nightly radio reports on World War II that my dad and grandpa used to listen to faithfully. My mom and granny avoided all news of the war if they could, preferring to condemn all war while living as though it didn't exist. And so went World War II in my home and in my second home (granny's place in Arizona when I lived in California). Yes we had the trappings of war in California along the coast, not only the air raid sirens but the black window shades, covers for auto headlights that probably could be seen for a thousand miles from the air, but we did what we knew how (which certainly wasn't much when viewed from hindsight).
From the newsreels we progressed to the television news, also on tape in the early days (no satellite in the 1950s). There was a skirmish called the Korean conflict, people were being killed, maimed and perhaps tortured, but it too was "over there" and didn't affect daily life in the USA. We didn't even have rationing as we had in WW II, or rancid butter. Korea didn't affect the average American citizen much, and outside of thousands of deaths of American and Korean soldiers, it was just another conflict in a world where conflicts and/or wars always occurred somewhere yonder across the sea.
It was during Vietnam, primarily the ten years of 1963-73, when the American people appear to have gotten sick of America's incursions into foreign lands to lose thousands of its youths to the brutality of senseless wars, only to back out in a negotiated retreat and let the families of the dead and maimed suffer in silence.
Contrary to what the media, the neocons and the liberals would have Americans believe, the far right has been just as opposed to war as any flaming liberal whack job who hugs his or her tree. It is the far right now that has spoken up the most vehemently against the invasion of sovereign nations by the US, and the liberals take some political stage and parrot some of the indignation first expressed by the constitutionalists and the defenders of the American policy of nonintervention other than in cases of a clear and present danger.
Nine-Eleven did happen. Inquiry is still going on (just as it is over the grassy knoll in the JFK assassination) and 40 years from now, the average American citizen won't know any more truth than they know today about who knew what in Washington circles in advance of that dreadful day. We know Americans and foreigners died, about three thousand in all, in the crash of four airliners, the collapse of the World Trade Center and the attack on the Pentagon. Those supposedly at the controls of the planes aren't talking, they're quite as dead as the rest of those who lost their lives in this outrageous attack on civilians, on American soil.
We're also being given glaring hints that our government knew much in advance of the attacks as to what al-Qaeda was intending to do by way of a major terrorist strike, and had the emergency plans in place as well as the documents for Congress to rubber stamp . . . that mess of a misnomer called the USA Patriot Act and its clones.
For what? To drum up enough outrage, real outrage, to allow the US to order the military into two foreign countries, and while Osama might have used Afghanistan as a terrorist training base with several camps, there's nothing to say he didn't use Pakistan and several other Islamic nations as well.
Yes, Americans wanted revenge on the perps, the masterminds of terrorist atrocities. This time around it wasn't "over there" and Americans were willing to fight anyone who dared to attack US soil and take out helpless US citizens. Well, the kind of wars we last fought in Korea and World War II are over and have been for 50 years. We're into terrorist subterfuge, stealth strikes, helpless targets, fanatic suicide bombers, and determined Islamic clerics who want to take the world for Allah. It's a new kind of warfare to Americans whose movies still largely focus either on World War II (conventional) or intergalactic conflicts (sci-fi) but not on what's really occurring. And we still want the movies, not the real thing.
Unfortunately, the real thing is now the fallout we're seeing via photos and satellite, foreign newspapers and others who are unwilling to hide the truth of war, its brutality and degradation of the value of human life. War is the lowest form of human group activity, not some heroic venture of the novels and the movies. It is the worst in man organized into a killing machine and either intentional or unintentional torture, or both. The American psyche may be able to take it at the movies, but Americans at home in the USA are not a people who can stand to see what war is really like when it enters our homes through television. It becomes too real. The problem is, war is indeed real, it is ugly, painful, barbaric, savage, bloody, the ultimate in disregard for the sanctity of life and respect for human beings. War is not just Hell, it is Hell soaked in blood, dismembered limbs, body parts, open guts and the agony of unspeakable pain from the wounded.
The idea that any nation carries on a "gentlemanly" war when the whole object of war is to kill as many people on the other side as possible to win the conflict is somewhat ludicrous. In fact, in the war between the states (1861-1865) the South attempted to be gentlemanly and it cost Robert E. Lee the war! To win is the only object of mass killing of persons because of their beliefs, nationality, race, culture, or the insanity of their leaders.
Perhaps now that the entire world is involved in everyone else's business and photographing it, we will learn that to have a wartime mindset in battle is to change from a rational human being into a brutal killer without conscience because your job is just to kill. That's it. Kill.
The hatred that has to accompany any killer mindset is going to slop over into the mistreatment of prisoners and other barbaric acts, such as torture, leaving people homeless and without food or water, brutalizing anyone in the way, and just random acts of revenge on anyone from the other side. Combatants are not the only victims of war, yet war seems to be man's second oldest occupation, next to farming.
Exactly why man cannot resolve issues without war is perplexing. There are ways of taking out evil leaders, and without a leader, war just doesn't erupt like an unexpected volcano or begin shattering the earth like a 7.9 quake. Even more perplexing is why, after a conflict is over, the combatants take vengeance on noncombatants, which has been the history of afterwar or extrawar during military campaigns. When Genghis Khan came through a town, his soldiers lined up as many citizens as he could locate, then his soldiers would ride in pairs down streets where noncombatants were lined on either side, and systematically lop off their heads with their swords.
Hate. Brutality. Savagery. Some empires were masters at it. Rome's method of execution by crucifixion was one of the most painful and horrid ever devised by the human mind, allowing rotting bodies to fill the air with the stench of death and the horrid sight of rotting corpses. And that didn't even take a war to produce, it was just a way of dealing with lawbreakers! The Assyrians took out their lust for blood by excoriating humans, skinning them while they were alive to begin with, dead when finished, and then hanging the skins out to dry.
No beast of the earth has instincts more savage or brutal than man, a flawed, marred, evil creature with no ability to change his base nature by himself.
We've thought, because we were told in school and by the media, that Americans were above this brutality, which is prima facie evidence of our lack of education about the bloodiest war even fought in America, the so-called "Civil War" which was anything but civil. I prefer to call it either the "War Between the States" or more accurately, "The War of Northern Aggression." Nevertheless, a day's study on the internet about Sherman's march through Georgia will reveal just how outrageously brutal the North was toward the South. War doesn't have to be that brutal and "reconstruction" doesn't have to be that degrading, but both occurred on American soil. We really haven't been all that nice in the past, so it should come as no surprise that we're really not that nice now. It comes more as a shock to see that we've made utterly no progress, in fact, we've regressed because now our women no longer simply stay home and wait. They're on the combat lines and in charge of prisoners of war, generally men in other nations.
If any nation in this present day world had any respect left for America and its self-proclaimed righteousness, no nation will after what has happened due to our brutal tactics in the Middle East. The world will not see this as the acts of a few soldiers who weren't properly trained, but as the fallout and trickle-down of a policy of brutality that originated at the top with the signal to begin the war.
The fallout is yet to come, and when it does, our leadership will have led our innocents, millions of us who pleaded not to get into this fray but to covertly take out terrorist leaders, as just collateral damage in their own war of revenge against the self-proclaimed leader of the "free" world, the United States.
Is any nation that engages in total barbarism fit to call itself the leader of the free world? Is there any justification for going into a sovereign nation and commencing military operations against its army, regardless of how "brutal" its leader was?
Everyone hates a bully. The world used to call on the United States, guardian of the deadliest weapons in the world, to take down bullies and rescue the innocent. We did not go where we were not invited and did not stay after our job was done. Until 1945. Since that time, the US has gained a large increase in enemies around the world and an increasing hostility at home to its practices of intervention where it wasn't wanted.
There are memorial services held each year in Hiroshima and Nagasaki over the dropping of the atomic bombs in 1945 that ended WW II. Surely, if the purpose of war is to kill, then that was the fastest way to do it, but the fallout (literal and political) hurt the US and the wound has never healed. What we've begun in the Middle East now will have to be finished some way or the US will be finished forever. There is no "I'm sorry" satisfactory for humiliation and death of the innocents and mistreatment of prisoners of war. "They do it to us" is not acceptable as an excuse simply because the US has proclaimed a moral high ground too long, we were above such conduct.
How long . . . how long . . . until the fallout is radioactive?


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Windstar Engine flutter
Member Posts: 19
in Ford
With my 2001 windstar it has an engine shutter while maintaining a constant speed. When the van is gaining speed or going up a hill or coasting the shutter is gone. When I reach a level spot in the road and lets say want to stay at 50 mph with or with out the cruise control engaged the engine will flutter and shack like its not getting fuel or a misfire or something of that nature. The engine never dies at idle it used to but stopped doing that and hasnt for many montths now. Im confused by this because it seems that if i had a vaccuum leak or a upper intake problem that it would do it all the time but it doesnt. The engine idles fine, starts fineand otherwise has no other issues. If you have or have had this problem and or know a fix you would be my hero.
mustang428 Member Posts: 1im working on a 01 windstar with 77000miles that cuts out on acceleration intermitelly, cutsout at 40-50 mph in cruise mode, or when holding steady speed. no codes are stored or freeze frame dtcs. it has a new coil pack plugs and wires it feels like all cylinders drop when it act up.it seem to do it more often when hot0
mastertech19 Member Posts: 4well i have a 99 windstar and did the same thing i found a bad injector and it only missfired inbetween 1000 and 2000 rpm they also have a problem with the computer {PCM} filling with water its under the wiper cowling on the passenger side check it for moisture usaully number 4 cylinder when that happens give those things a try.The injector fixed mine working great now. Have u replaced the upper intake gaskets yet there is a kit out for them with a new valve cover i have done that too but u will get lean codes and engine light with that problem.Good luck0
03winded Member Posts: 2My wife's 03 Windstar 77000 miles developed two problems: Started with misfire code, bog from a stop, flutter at speed. No codes anymore. Replaced: plugs, wires, (engine cylinder block is stamped 1,2,3 and should be 3,2,1!) coil pack, TPS, IAC, fuel filter (twice), air filter, camshaft sensor and crankshaft sensor. Cleaned MAF with CRC cleaner. Still no joy. Good fuel pump pressure, good fuel regulator response, manifold 'flappers' seem to function. Second problem, strange that ABS and BRK lights have acted up at the same time as engine issues. Replaced rear shoes, front ok, fluid ok. (don't ever lose a caliper slide bolt, dealer wanted $28! Got one at a bolt supply for free.) Still have occasional squeal and BRK light turns on. Jumpered per http://www.fordwindstarrecall.info/ discussion and ABS doesn't light. At wits-end due to engine bog and finally took it to dealership for both issues. Awaiting prognosis and will post.0
gunslinger22 Member Posts: 1Recently bought 97' windstar 3.8L has new headgasket and freeze plugs. Stalls when in gear and turning steering wheel.Acts as if timing is off.Starts slow and and has very little power during uphill travel.Re-Timed to correct setting and replaced cam sensor! New plugs.Ran well for 3 out of 7 miles but quickley went back to bogging down and misfiring??Any advice is welcome.0
mfacdgba33 Member Posts: 19try checking the fuel pressure to see if it is good and also look at maybe replaceing the fuel filter0
lil2low Member Posts: 103winded,
Did you find the cause for the misfiring? I am wondering because I'm going through the very same thing right now with our van and it has me stumped. Any info would be appriciated greatly!!
Thanks0 -
03winded Member Posts: 2yes, it ended up being the spark control modules. I ended up taking it in to the dealer because none of the manuals had clear instructions on how to get in behind the top of the engine! As I discovered at a later time, all you have to do is take off the windshield wipers and all of the screws in that panel. The whole thing lifts off and provides easy access to the back of the engine.0
mfacdgba33 Member Posts: 19windstars are plagued with these issues. First if the plugs are having fuzzy concrete like stuff on them when they are removed its a sign of oil fouling which is almost always cause by intake valve seals going bad. Its a called atomization. Abs/brake light comeing on means the abs module under the car near the drivers seat is not working any more. The module is very expensive so most people ignore the light. the van will still stop and brake normally without it.0
tommie2016 Member Posts: 1regards the engine fluttering, what was the cause.. ? I have a 2003 Windstar with exact same issue, but never stalls or gives me other issues...0