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My Pet Chicken Handbook by Lissa Lucas & Traci Torres
The angle: Everything you need to know about raising backyard chickens
Recipes for right now: Though this book mostly focuses on raising chickens, there are a few egg-tastic recipes! Red Pickled Eggs, Huevos Rancheros, Crustless Leek and Goat Cheese Quiche, Egg Foo Yung, Crème Brulée
Who would enjoy this book? Anyone toying with the idea of keeping chickens in their back yard.
Quick Facts
• Who wrote it: Lissa Lucas & Traci Torres
• Who published it: Rodale
• Other highlights: This guide lays it all out for you — choosing breeds, raising chicks, building and maintaining a coop, dealing with predators….the whole gamut of chicken-raising! I love Lissa and Traci's supportive, encouraging style throughout the book — they give all the dry facts, but manage to keep it upbeat and interesting. I found the whole book very accessible, engaging, and a very nice leap from the other textbook-esque chicken manuals out there.
Find the book at your local library, independent bookstore, or Amazon: My Pet Chicken Handbook by Lissa Lucas & Traci Torres
• Visit the author's website: My Pet Chicken
Apartment Therapy Media makes every effort to test and review products fairly and transparently. The views expressed in this review are the personal views of the reviewer and this particular product review was not sponsored or paid for in any way by the manufacturer or an agent working on their behalf. However, the manufacturer did give us the product for testing and review purposes.


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Create a Website Account - Manage notification subscriptions, save form progress and more.
A completed W-9 with an executed grant agreement between the successful applicants and the County. An example agreement is available.
Show All Answers
The COVID-19 public health crisis caused the Westmoreland County nonprofit community to confront immense challenges. The Program seeks to assist nonprofits in the County that have been negatively impacted by the COVID-19.
The County of Westmoreland, in conjunction with the Economic Growth Connection of Westmoreland, will be administering Round 2 of the Westmoreland CARES Small Business Support Grant Program.
This program announcement is on the basis of potential grant funding that may be available after December 1, 2020. Funding is not guaranteed. Applicants are asked to complete applications and provide documentation in preparation for a potential round of funding.
Grants will be capped at $25,000, or 25% of calculated loss due to COVID-19, whichever is less OR $25,000 of eligible COVID-19 specific expenses incurred. Nonprofits which received funding under Round 1 of the Westmoreland CARES Nonprofit Support Grant Program are only eligible to receive a maximum of $25,000 awarded across both rounds of funding.
A nonprofit which applied for and which was granted funds under Round 1 may be eligible for additional funding under Round 2 provided the nonprofit did not receive a maximum award of $25,000 under Round 1 and provided the nonprofit has supportable revenue decreases for the period July 1, 2020 to October 31, 2020, or has supportable eligible COVID-19 related business expenses for the period March 1, 2020 through the date of the application submission that have not been covered by another publically-funded grant program or under Round 1.
Option A allows applicants to apply for grant funds by calculating 25% of lost revenue when comparing the period January 1 to October 31, 2020 to the period January 1 to October 31, 2019.
Option B allows for applicants to apply for grant funds based upon specific expenses incurred from March 1, 2020 through the date of the application submission related to the COVID-19 public health crisis.
Nonprofits must specify at time of application whether the application is under Option A or Option B. Nonprofits can use both Options, but the maximum award over all Options and Rounds is $25,000.
Nonprofits that experienced an increase in revenue during the specified period and new nonprofits must apply using Option B.
Friday, November 13, 2020
Completed applications, including all required documents, should be HAND DELIVERED to the offices of Economic Growth Connection at 40 N. Pennsylvania Avenue, 5th Floor, Greensburg, PA 15601. Office hours for delivery are 9 am to 4 pm. Your application will be time-stamped upon receipt.
Applicants may choose to mail their applications to Economic Growth Connection, 40. N. Pennsylvania Avenue, Suite 510, Greensburg, PA 15601; however, this program is first-come first-served. Postmarks do not signify timestamp or acceptance.
Parking is available at the Robert Bell Parking Garage, 106 W. Otterman Street, Greensburg
The County, working in conjunction with Economic Growth Connection, will work as quickly as possible to review applications and make award determinations. The Board of County Commissioners will approve successful applicants at a public meeting with funding to be received within 15 days of receipt of an executed agreement with the County. It is anticipated that funding may be available for Round 2 of the Westmoreland CARES Nonprofit Support Grant Program after December 1, 2020. Funding is not guaranteed.
No. Program funding is not guaranteed and funds are anticipated to be limited. Applications will be processed on a first-come, first serve basis.
An eligible nonprofit organization must be registered as a 501(c)(3) or 501(c)(19).
Yes. Faith-based organizations may apply for funding if they are designated as a 501(c)3 or 501(c)19.
No. You may only submit one grant application per nonprofit entity.
Nonprofits with no operations or who do not provide services in Westmoreland County may not apply. Nonprofit headquarters may be located outside of Westmoreland County, but you must deliver services in Westmoreland County and your application submission must reflect only activity for operations within Westmoreland County. All grant funds awarded must be used for costs incurred at Westmoreland County facilities or for services provided in Westmoreland County.
Funds received from Westmoreland County in response to this application for grant funding will only be used to cover costs that:
a. Are necessary expenditures incurred due to the public health emergency with respect to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
b. Were incurred during the period beginning on March 1, 2020 and ending on December 30, 2020
c. Are in accordance with all applicable federal, state and local laws.
Non-exclusive examples of eligible expenditures include:
No. The County encourages nonprofit to apply for the array of federal and state financial assistance programs for which they are eligible. Your application for, or receipt of, federal or state funds does not disqualify you from receiving Round 2 Westmoreland County grant funds, although funds received may not be used for costs that have been covered under another grant or loan program or Round 1. The Commonwealth plans to compare all lists of recipients to be sure that no "double-dipping" occurred.
This is a grant, not a loan, so you will not need to pay it back as long as you comply with all the terms and conditions of the grant agreement. Funds that are not utilized during the period of March 1, 2020 through December 30, 2020 for eligible expenditures will need to be returned to Westmoreland County.
Yes. All applicants must certify that they are in compliance with federal, state and local laws. Questions concerning certification should be directed to the applicant's attorney.
All applicants must certify that they have been, and remain, in compliance with all relevant laws, orders and regulations during the period of the COVID-19 disaster emergency under the Pennsylvania Governor's proclamation dated March 6, 2020, and any and all subsequent renewals. The foregoing includes, but is not limited to, orders by the Governor, Secretary of Health, or other Commonwealth officials empowered to act during the emergency. Any non-compliant businesses will be ineligible for funding under this program and may be required to return all, or a portion, of funds awarded.
Please consult with your accountant or tax professional.
Applicants who receive funds, may be audited in the future, and are required to document how the funds are used, including all data, reports, contracts, documents and other information relevant to the use of the funds.
All required records shall be maintained by successful applicants for a period of five (5) years from the final audit or close out of the contract, except in cases where unresolved audit questions or litigation may require maintaining some or all records for a longer period.
Financial information is kept confidential. Nonprofits that receive grants, and the dollar amount of the grant received, are public information.
No. Incomplete applications will not be considered.
If you have questions after reviewing these FAQ's, please contact Economic Growth Connection.
[email protected]
James Smith, President/CEO[email protected] (724) 830-3604
Kyle Martin, Business Development[email protected] (724) 830-3604
In order for your application to be considered complete and eligible for consideration, you must submit the following IN THIS SPECIFIED ORDER:

subset: commoncrawl


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Home Contact People Internal Protocols Research Publications Edinburgh
The Elfick group is comprised of 11 members with a strong focus on Optical Microscopy and Biomedical Engineering. Current projects include Scanning Near-field Optical Microscopy (SNOM) and Coherent Anti-stokes Raman (CARS) Microscopy. Other areas of interest include orthapedic tribometry and yeast synthetic biology.
This page is currently under construction.
Institute for Materials and Processes
School of Engineering and Electronics
University of Edinburgh.
Link to Raman Library - Under construction


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The mouth isn't an island unto itself — problems there may be indicative of deeper physical or emotional issues. The condition of a family member's teeth and gums, for example, could be signs of bulimia, an eating disorder.
Characterized by food binging and purging through self-induced vomiting, bulimia can also have a severe effect on the teeth. Regular inducement of vomiting introduces stomach acid into the mouth that can attack and soften the mineral content of tooth enamel. As a result, 90% of bulimics develop enamel erosion.
The erosion pattern often differs from that produced by other high acid causes like the over-consumption of sodas. Because the tongue instinctively covers the back of the bottom teeth during vomiting, they're often shielded from much of the acid wash. Bulimics are much more apt to exhibit heavier erosion on the upper front teeth, particularly on the tongue side and biting edges.
Bulimia and similar disorders produce other signs as well, like soft tissue ulceration or swollen salivary glands that exhibit puffiness of the face. The roof of the mouth, throat and back of the tongue may appear roughened from the use of fingers or objects to induce gagging.
Unlike sufferers of anorexia nervosa who tend to be negligent about their hygiene (which itself increases their risk of dental disease), bulimics have a heightened sensitivity to their appearance. This concern may prompt them to aggressively brush right after purging, which can cause more of the softened enamel to be removed.
Treating the dental consequences of bulimia requires a two-pronged approach. In the short term, we want to lessen the impact of stomach acid by discouraging the person from brushing immediately after purging — better to rinse with water and a little baking soda to buffer the acid and wait about an hour before brushing. We may also suggest a sodium fluoride mouth rinse to help strengthen and re-mineralize the enamel.
In the long-term, though, the disorder itself must be addressed through professional help. One good source is the National Eating Disorders website (nationaleatingdisorders.org). Besides information, the association also provides a toll-free helpline for referrals to professionals.
As with any eating disorder, bulimia can be trying for patients and their families. Addressing the issue gently but forthrightly will begin their journey toward the renewal of health, including their teeth and gums.
If you would like more information on the effect of eating disorders on dental health, please contact us or schedule an appointment for a consultation. You can also learn more about this topic by reading the Dear Doctor magazine article "Bulimia, Anorexia & Oral Health."


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Quality Residential and Commercial Service Professionals
Property Friendly – We will not dirty your floors, damage your walls or break roof tiles. We wear shoe covers inside, use drop towels, soft roof pads and ladder pads to prevent those things.
Pet Friendly – We will not let the dogs out! We always keep doors and gates closed and treat your pets with respect. People love their animals and we know it.
Professional – We are a fully insured company. We carry General Liability, Workmans Comp and Commercial Auto insurance. We arrive in fully equipped company vehicles and dress in uniformed shirts. Experience counts and we have it.
We aren't the biggest window cleaning company in Ventura County but we can handle any home or building up to three stories efficiently.
As we put it, bigger is not better, better is better!! and we are ready to provide you with the best window cleaning experience you have ever had.
Fast, courteous, efficient, trouble-free! The technicians were friendly hard-working young men!
- Kim, Oxnard, CA
Thank you so much! My windows, screens and tracks look brand new.
– Heidi, Camarillo, CA
Risk-Free Guarantee
Try us now risk free! If you are not completely satisfied with the service we provide you don't have to pay a dime… Really!
- Wayne Miller, Owner/Operator


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- Overview
Common name: Olive Tree Arbequina Variety
Botanical name: Olea europaea 'Arbequina'
Family: Oleaceae
Origin: Mediterranean region, tropical and central Asia and various parts of Africa
Olive Tree Arbequina Variety in 3 Gal. Container. Arbequina is one of the principal olive varieties in Spain. This clone has an upright habit, ideal for high-density, machine-harvested plantings. It is a highly productive tree that bears fruit quickly. High in anti-oxidants. Olive oil reduces bad cholesterol and increase good cholesterol. The fruit is small and it has a high oil content, with excellent flavor, and a fruity and delicate aroma. It is a very good oil to blend with others or stand alone. It's quick growing and performs well in any climate since it can be container grown,also has a low chill requirement.
Origin Adaptation Growth Habits Flowers Fruit Location Soils Irrigation Fertilization Pruning Propagation
Pests and diseases Harvest Commercial Potential
The olive is native to the Mediterranean region, tropical and central Asia and various parts of Africa. The olive has a history almost as long as that of Western civilization, its development being one of civilized man's first accomplishments. At a site in Spain, carbon-dating has shown olive seed found there to be eight thousand years old. O. europaea may have been cultivated independently in two places, Crete and Syria. Archeological evidence suggest that olives were being grown in Crete as long ago as 2,500 B.C. From Crete and Syria olives spread to Greece, Rome and other parts of the Mediterranean area. Olives are also grown commercially in California, Australia and South Africa. There is some disagreement over when the trees first appeared in California. Some say they were introduced in 1769 when seeds brought from Mexico were planted. Others site the date 1785 when trees were brought in to make olive oil.
The olive requires a long, hot growing season to properly ripen the fruit, no late spring frosts to kill the blossoms and sufficient winter chill to insure fruit set. Home grown olives generally fruit satisfactorily in the warmer coastal valleys of California. Virtually all U.S. commercial olive production is concentrated in California's Central Valley, with a small pocket of olive acreage outside Phoenix. The tree may be grown as an ornamental where winter temperatures do not drop below 12° F. Green fruit is damaged at about 28°, but ripe fruit will withstand somewhat lower temperatures. Hot, dry winds may be harmful during the period when the flowers are open and the young fruits are setting. The trees survive and fruit well even with considerable neglect. Olives can also be grown in a large container, and has even appeared in shows as a bonsai.
The olive is an evergreen tree growing to 50 ft. in height with a spread of about 30 ft. The tree can be kept to about 20 ft. with regular pruning. The graceful, billowing appearance of the olive tree can be rather attractive. In an all-green garden its grayish foliage serves as an interesting accent. The attractive, gnarled branching pattern is also quite distinctive. Olives are long-lived with a life expectancy of 500 years. The trees are also tenacious, easily sprouting back even when chopped to the ground.
Foliage: The olive's feather-shaped leaves grow opposite one another. Their skin is rich in tannin, giving the mature leaf its gray-green appearance. The leaves are replaced every two or three years, leaf-fall usually occurring at the same time new growth appears in the spring.The small, fragrant, cream-colored olive flowers are largely hidden by the evergreen leaves and grow on a long stem arising from the leaf axils. The olive produces two kinds of flowers: a perfect flower containing both male and female parts, and a staminate flower with stamens only. The flowers are largely wind pollinated with most olive varieties being self-pollinating, although fruit set is usually improved by cross pollination with other varieties. There are self-incompatible varieties that do not set fruit without other varieties nearby, and there are varieties that are incompatible with certain others. Incompatibility can also occur for environmental reasons such as high temperatures.
The olive fruit is a green drupe, becoming generally blackish-purple when fully ripe. A few varieties are green when ripe and some turn a shade of copper brown. The cultivars vary considerably in size, shape, oil-content and flavor. The shapes range from almost round to oval or elongated with pointed ends. Raw olives contain an alkaloid that makes them bitter and unpalatable. A few varieties are sweet enough to be eaten after sun drying. Thinning the crop will give larger fruit size. This should be done as soon as possible after fruit set. Thin until remaining fruit average about 2 or 3 per foot of twig. The trees reach bearing age in about 4 years.
Plant olive trees in full sun and away from sidewalks to avoid stains from fallen ripe fruit. Non-fruiting trees are available which can be planted in areas where fruit may be a problem. Strong winds will "sculpt" the trees, but otherwise they are quite wind-tolerant.
Olives will grow well on almost any well-drained soil up to pH 8.5 and are tolerant of mild saline conditions.
Irrigation is a necessity in California with its dry summers. A monthly deep watering of home grown trees is normally adequate. Because of its small leaves, with their protective cuticle and slow transpiration, the olive tree survives even extended dry periods.
Fertilizing olive trees with additional supplies of nitrogen has proved beneficial. In California farmers systematically apply fertilizers well ahead of the time flowers develop so the trees can absorb the nitrogen before fruit set. Many growers in Mediterranean countries apply organic fertilizers every other year.
Proper pruning is important for the olive. Pruning both regulates production and shapes the tree for easier harvest. The trees can withstand radical pruning, so it is relatively easy to keep them at a desired height. The problem of alternate bearing can also be avoided with careful pruning every year. It should be kept in mind that the olive never bears fruit in the same place twice, and usually bears on the previous year's growth. For a single trunk, prune suckers and any branches growing below the point where branching is desired. For the gnarled effect of several trunks, stake out basal suckers and lower branches at the desired angle. Prune flowering branches in early summer to prevent olives from forming. Olive trees can also be pruned to espaliers.
None of the cultivated varieties can be propagated by seed. Seed propagated trees revert to the original small-fruited wild variety. The seedlings can, of course, be grafted or chip budded with material from desired cultivars. The variety of an olive tree can also be changed by bark grafting or top working. Another method of propagation is transplanting suckers that grow at the base of mature trees. However, these would have to be grafted if the suckers grew from the seedling rootstock.
A commonly practiced method is propagation from cuttings. Twelve to fourteen inch long, one to three inch wide cuttings from the two year old wood of a mature tree is treated with a rooting hormone, planted in a light rooting medium and kept moist. Trees grown from such cuttings can be further grafted with wood from another cultivar.Cutting grown trees bear fruit in about four years.The olive tree is affected by some pests and diseases, although it has fewer problems than most fruit trees. Around the Mediterranean the major pests are medfly and the olive fruit fly, Dacus oleae. In California, verticillium wilt is a serious fungal disease. There is no effective treatment other than avoiding planting on infested soils and removing damaged trees and branches. A bacterial disease known as olive knot is spread by pruning with infected tools during rainy months. Because the olive has fewer natural enemies than other crops, and because the oil in olives retains the odor of chemical treatments, the olive is one of the least sprayed crops.
Olive fruits that are to be processed as green olives are picked while they are still green but have reached full size. They can also be picked for processing at any later stage up through full ripeness. Ripe olives bruise easily and should be handled with care. Mold is also a problem for the fruit between picking and curing. There are several classical ways of curing olives. A common method is the lye-cure process in which green or near-ripe olives are soaked in a series of lye solutions for a period of time to remove the bitter principle and then transferred to water and finally a mild saline solution. Other processing methods include water curing, salt curing and Greek-style curing. Explicit directions for various curing and marinating methods can be found in several publications including Maggie Blyth Klein's book, Feast of the Olives, and the University of California Agricultural Sciences Publications Leaflet 21131. Both green-cured and ripe-cured olives are popular as a relish or snack. For California canned commercial olives, black olives are identical to green olives. The black color is obtained by exposure to air after lye extraction and has nothing to do with ripeness. Home production of olive oil is not recommended. The equipment required and the sheer mass of fruit needed are beyond most households.
Commercial olive production is a multimillion dollar business in California. In the Mediterranean region olives and olive oil are common ingredients of everyday foods. Raw olives are sometimes sold in speciality produce stores, and home growers in California often sell their excess crop to others interested in home curing. There is also a growing interest in specialty olive oils, often produced commercially from small groves of olive trees.
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August 20th, in conjunction with the commemoration of the birthday of the Honorable Marcus Mosiah Garvey, the Pan African Unity Dialogue (PAUD) of greater New York will present a document entitled – A Call for Action on Immigration Reform: Advancing the Interests of People of African Descent. Anyone who is familiar with the issues and concerns of Black America is aware that immigration reform is a controversial and hotly debated issue. Because of the focus on nationalities from Central and South America, large numbers of Blacks view immigration as a "Hispanic issue." And, because of the huge influx of undocumented persons from these regions, many people of African descent see immigration reform as a direct threat to the interests of Black people. This feeling is particularly pronounced among "African Americans." Therefore, the purpose for the PAUD document is not to oppose immigration but to ensure that there is reform which incorporates and protects the interests of people of African descent. Ultimately the goal is to overcome resistance in the Black community by assuring people of African descent that any proposed legislation will be equitable and inclusive. This will enable people of African descent to become active partners and advocates for immigration reform. The presentation of the immigration reform document is a significant achievement.
PAUD is a gathering of Caribbean American, Continental African, Afro-Latino and African American leaders who meet quarterly under the auspices of the Institute of the Black World 21st Century to exchange information about the work of their respective organizations, promote operational unity and joint work. Because of the intense emotions and animosity immigration reform provoked, it became clear that it was an issue the group should tackle. An interesting thing happened as the document was being finalized. PAUD participants began to discuss some of the tensions and conflicts among people of African descent. Haitians told of being ridiculed by African Americans (Kango Kid and Wyclef Jean recount being viciously teased as kids). Continental Africans related experiences of being the butt of jokes because of their traditional African attire. Caribbean Americans cited instances of being the object of insults because of their accent and ancestry. Afro-Latinos complained of being ignored as people of African origin by simply being lumped in with "Hispanics "in general. Some "African Americans" bristled at the fact that many Africans from the continent, the Caribbean, Central and South America do not want to be called "African Americans." These testimonials were extremely moving. They cried out for serious work to bridge the divides and overcome the tensions among people of African descent.
PAUD discussions on immigration reform revealed that while people of African descent were focusing on what was perceived by some as an "external threat," there is an "internal threat" that poses a danger to the prospects for Black unity and Black power to advance the collective interests of African people in the U.S. and abroad. This danger is not only manifest in tensions with newly arrived African immigrants, it is reflected in old divisions along class and color lines in the Black community, lack of positive racial self-esteem in terms of denial of Blackness/African ancestry and the embrace by some of the myth of a post racial society. All this leads me to pose the question that Rodney King made famous: "Can we all get along?" Or it recalls the exhortations of the 19th century Black abolitionist David Nickens: "Let us cherish a friendly union with ourselves." This is the challenge PAUD and other organizations, institutions and agencies in Black America must confront if we are to maximize Pan Africanism and Black power in the 21st Century.
To meet this challenge, Africans in America of whatever origin must face the reality that we have a "new African community in the U.S." which is comprised of millions of relatively recent arrivals from the African continent, the Caribbean (including Haiti), Central and South America. New African immigrants are no longer miniscule minorities in major northeastern cities like New York and Washington, D.C. New York has distinct "little Africa" communities populated by Senegalese, Malians, Ghanaians, Guineans …… Washington, D.C.´s Black population includes increasing numbers of Ethiopians, Somalis and Nigerians. By some estimates there are 50,000 Nigerians in Houston. These days you can purchase Jerk Chicken or a Roti in Jackson, Mississippi and Atlanta as well as in traditional Caribbean strongholds in Brooklyn.
The issue is that we have people of African descent, brothers and sisters with Black faces occupying the same spaces/places without necessarily relating to each other in an intentional and constructive manner. There is a lack of concerted "internal integration" which limits our capacity to exercise collective economic and political power or, in the worst case, contributes to counterproductive tensions and conflicts. As our late beloved sister Charshee McIntyre used to teach, ethnicity and culture are stronger agents of unity than skin color alone. It is not by accident that we have little Mali and little Senegal in the little Africa sections of Harlem and the Bronx in New York. Our goal should not be to create a homogenized Black community, but one in which various people of African descent can preserve their ethnic/national identity while recognizing the bonds that bind all African people in terms of overarching cultural similarities and the commonality of our oppression because of racism/white supremacy. The cops that brutalized Abner Louima did not single him out because he was Haitian, nor did the police kill Amadou Diallo because he was from Guinea. In the eyes of the police they were members of a despised race and/or were seen as dangerous Black men–period!
These positive and negative premises should comprise the basis for Pan African unity in the U.S. and abroad. That is to say, we must see it in our mutual best interest to overcome the bridges that divide us to form bonds that enable people of African descent to utilize our collective human material resources to meet the needs of our people. This must be done first and foremost by using our own resources for internal/private self-development. Africa is the richest continent on the face of the earth. There is no reason that through our combined efforts the resources of Africa should not be used to nourish the development of Africans on the continent and in the Diaspora. This requires a consciousness and commitment to work together as African people and a philosophy of development which prioritizes human needs over greed, profit and individual fulfillment. There is no excuse for millions of Africans living in poverty and misery in the midst of incredible natural resources. People of African descent must also use the billions of dollars we have at our disposal as an enormous resource for internal development. Equally important, Africans in America in particular must unite to use our combined power to advance our interests in terms of the allocation of government resources to aid distressed Black communities in this country and to lobby for foreign assistance to aid African nations based on the priorities and strategies they identify as most useful.
Building this kind of Pan African unity will not necessarily be easy. Nonetheless, we have no alternative but to make the effort. We simply must find a way to "get along," and as David Nickens suggested, it must begin by "cherishing a friendly union with ourselves." Dr. Maulana Karenga has argued for years that "the key crisis in Black life is the cultural crisis," the lack of sufficient positive self-identification/esteem to the point of "self-hatred" in some instances. It is painful to observe that despite the progress of civil rights and Black Power/Consciousness movements in getting more Blacks in positions with the media, despite all the success in electing Blacks to public office, Black heads of corporations and Black athletes in abundance, according to some studies, we still have a troubling number of children who show a distinct preference for white dolls and images over black dolls and images. This is due in part to the consistent, negative portrayal of Blacks in the media as ganstas, criminals, drug addicts and the like. It appears that the positive images/symbols are being overshadowed by the negative. It is also a shame that some Blacks still play the skin color divide game in our community by propagating the idea of light skin preference. Of course this is a kind of "internalized racism" that embraces the white supremacist notion that "if you´re white you´re alright, yellow mellow, brown stick around, but black get back!" The implication of Karenga´s contention is that we will forever find or create our own obstacles to principled unity and progress as long as we believe "the White man´s ice is always colder."
Cherishing a friendly union with ourselves as African people means that we must utilize the history and culture of our people as the foundation for positive self-affirmation. We must be audacious enough to believe that out of the multitude of ethnicities that comprise the African family, we can utilize the communal, collective and familial values of the traditional way of life of African people and our common experience of enslavement, colonial and neo-colonial oppression, segregation and discrimination as the basis for forging bonds of principled unity, cooperation and action. There can be no barrier too high for us to overcome in the quest for Black power for Black people and the oppressed of all races, ethnicities and nationalities. Blacks or African Americans who trace their ancestry back to enslaved Africans brought to these shores, must welcome newly arrived Africans from the continent, the Caribbean, Central and South America as potential allies in the struggle to achieve full freedom. Similarly, new African immigrants must recognize that it was the struggle of their African American brothers and sisters, the heroic Black Freedom Struggle, which paved the way for them come to the U.S. without having to face the most blatant aspects of de jure and de facto segregation. With this mutual respect, we can face the task of joining hands to fight for a more perfect union in the U.S. with equity, freedom and justice for all.
Building Pan African unity in the U.S. and abroad in the interest of promoting and protecting the interests of African people is a charge which the New York PAUD has accepted. Accordingly, in memory of Marcus Garvey, on August 20th, there will also be a Forum with speakers and a panel to discuss the bridges that divide us and strategies for "cherishing a friendly union with ourselves." The program will also include African cultural expressions. If we are all to get along, these kinds of forums and discussions must take place all across Black America. Principled unity and action must be the order of the day in the new African community in the U.S. In the words of Marcus Garvey: "Up you mighty race, you can accomplish what you will."
Dr. Ron Daniels is President of the Institute of the Black World 21st Century and Distinguished Lecturer at York College City University of New York. His articles and essays also appear on the IBW website www.ibw21.org and www.northstarnews.com . To send a message, arrange media interviews or speaking engagements, Dr. Daniels can be reached via email at email@example.com .


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Show All Answers
Yes. The Animal Shelter is open for adoption and general services, by appointment only, from 2:00pm - 5:15pm Monday - Friday. The phone lines are open from 9am - 6pm. The enforcement team is available to offer services such as responding to calls and complaints, animal bites and investigations, Monday through Friday from 9:00am-6:00pm.
A service area is a taxing jurisdiction within the borough that has been established to provide a special service such as road maintenance or fire protection.
The service area sponsor and staff in the Rural Services Division draft the preliminary boundary. Staff completes a technical review and the site visit to ensure that certain criteria are considered.
The sponsor submits a completed application to the Rural Services Division prior to the application deadline. After the request has been reviewed, staff will prepare a petition, a map of the proposed annexation, and a current tax roll of property owners. These materials are given to the sponsor.
The petition is a means to involve property owners in the request for a service area. Once the required signatures are obtained, it serves as evidence that there is sufficient interest to proceed with the request.
Any legal property owner as shown on the current property tax roll, within the area proposed for annexation, may sign the petition.
Property owner(s) of at least 51% of the property in the proposed service area or the proposed annexation must sign the petition. If a property owner(s) owns more than 25% of the property being proposed, their signature is required for the process to move forward.
The petition signatures are verified to confirm that the required number of signatures are affixed, and are those of valid property owners within the area proposed for annexation to the proposed service area. Rural Services staff prepares a report, an appropriate boundary map, and ordinance that are presented to the Borough Assembly for action. An informational public meeting is held for all affected owners.
All affected property owners are sent written notification of when the ordinance is to be considered by the Assembly. If an annexation to an existing service area is proposed, the commissioners of that service area are notified as well. Public testimony from all interested parties, both pro and con, is taken at the time the ordinance is considered for adoption. After consideration of the issues presented, the Assembly takes action on the ordinance, which may be passed as presented, amended, or defeated. If the ordinance is adopted, an election date is set. The results of the election are a simple majority of those who vote.
Alaska state statutes require two elections if a boundary change is recommended: one election of the voters in the existing service area and one election of the voters in the proposed area. Both elections must pass for the change to take place.
Any qualified voter who lives within the boundaries of the proposed service area or proposed annexation can vote. A qualified voter is anyone who is over 18 years of age, a registered voter, and lives in the proposed or parent service area at least 30 days before the election.
The borough mayor appoints volunteers to serve as commissioners. These appointments are confirmed by the Borough Assembly. People who apply for commission seats must be registered voters living within the boundaries of the service area. The volunteer commissioners manage the service area business.
Depending on the type of service area, there may be a combination of funding sources available:
No, the service is free.
Any person 18 years of age or older residing or owning property within the Fairbanks North Star Borough is eligible for a free card and/or may sign as the parent or legal guardian for a minor age 6 to 17.
Yes. We will help you fill out an application and will issue your card. Government issued photo ID, verification of mailing address, and proof of date of birth are required in order to obtain a library card.
We carry a variety of items for children, young adults and adults: Books, Audio Books (on CD), music CDs, and DVD's all in both fiction and non-fiction categories. The selections on the Bookmobile include new items each month; we pull all materials from the Noel Wien Library's full collection in order to fill the Bookmobile with a constantly rotated, fresh variety.
**We also carry a selection of free paperbacks and magazines.
Visitors to the Bookmobile may borrow any of the materials we have on board, plus you may request specific items from the library's collection and we will bring them to you.
All items checked out from the Bookmobile have the due-date set as the date of our next visit to the home or outlying area – it is approximately one month.
Yes. As long as there are no holds on the item(s), you may renew. Just phone us in the Bookmobile office, 907-459-1031, a few days before we are due to visit you and we will let you know if the item is eligible for renewal.
You can telephone our office at 907-459-1031, email at the email address below or simply tell us when we visit you. We will place the hold(s) and deliver the item(s) to you on the day of your scheduled visit.
Yes. Currently, we visit residents at Eagle Wings, the Pioneer Home, and Denali Center. We also make deliveries to Southall Manor, MLH Manor, Golden Towers, Golden Ages, and Moore Street Apartments.
We visit homebound patrons once each month on a regular schedule with a bag of the patron's desired materials. During that visit, we pick up returns and chat about what to bring in the future. Patrons often make requests for new items during this monthly visit but are also welcome to request via e-mail or over the phone at any time.
Phone our office, 907-459-1031, to request the service. We will schedule an initial visit to determine your eligibility, issue a card if necessary, and discuss what you'd like us to bring to you. After that, we'll put you on our regular schedule for deliveries and plan to see you monthly with new library items.
Yes. We cancel only when temperatures drop to -30 degrees Fahrenheit and lower or if road conditions pose a safety hazard.
Yes. You may return items either to the Noel Wien Library or to the North Pole Branch.
Alternatively, you may return items checked out from either of those libraries to the Bookmobile.
For the FY25 Capital Improvement Program, all nominations must be submitted online. Here is a link to the online nomination form: https://bit.ly/3Ld0jFl
Projects can include upgrades and major maintenance to existing buildings, or creating new buildings or facilities. Types of capital improvement projects:
Projects can be funded through several means. The Capital Improvement Program Maintenance Reserve fund is expected to be the primary source for local funding. Bonding and grants may also be proposed as a mechanism for funding projects.
Projects will be scored using the nomination forms. The questions used to score projects are the same questions asked in the nomination form. Generally speaking, the nomination form questions are ordered from highest-weighed to lowest-weighed.
No, the cost of the project is not weighed.
No, the amount of times a project is nominated does not help it in the scoring process. Only one nomination for the same project is needed.
Engineering, public works, and department-related staff will all be on the scoring committee. We also have room for one member of the public with vertical building analysis or work-related skills.
The nomination period closes on September 17, 2021. Nominations will be evaluated and recommendations will go to the Assembly in the form of a resolution around October of 2021. Once projects have been approved by the Assembly, they will be scored by a technical scoring committee. The administration will use the technical scores to help prioritize the projects and place them into the plan. The completed 10-year plan will be presented to the Assembly around February of 2022.
See the CIP Timeline & Milestones graphic for more details.
We are always looking for innovative ideas!
If a new facility is put into the plan, the siting of the facility will be part of the design process. Ideas for locations of new facilities are always welcome.
The national average is 4.4 lbs. per person/day. Fairbanks North Star Borough average is higher at 5.8 lbs. per person/day.
To meet the industry standard of 0.5% or less contamination.
Sorting your recycling is an important step to help ensure that materialscollected are recycled properly. Presorting helps reduce drop-off time andallows for faster processing / baling.
Contamination is food, oils, residue not rinsed from containers.Contamination also occurs when recycled items are not presorted intoappropriate categories.
Risk of contamination and the waxy liner inside the can.
Check your local grocery store; many local businesses have bins in theirentry way to recycle these items.
Fairbanks, Alaska, doesn't have a glass processor. FNSB solicited proposalsfor glass recycling; however, no proposals were received.
Check with your local scrap metal recyclers.
Please refer to the Fairbanks Recycling Guide.
The Central Recycling Facility is paid for by the residents of FairbanksNorth Star Borough.
Residents/residential materials are free; See CRF Fee Schedule.
Our current contractor is unable to recycle this type of plastic.
It is the resin identification code, which denotes what type of resin the pieceis made from. Here are the seven (7) different types:
No. Funding for the Change Out Programs cannot retroactively reimburse for work that was completed prior to receiving the actual funding. As such, invoices/receipts with dates prior to the initial date of application (and/or receipt of funding source) are NOT eligible for reimbursement.
Funding is limited and is NOT guaranteed unless a purchase order has been issued.
We are located at 3175 Peger Road in Fairbanks, between Arctic RV and Lynden Transport. The first driveway past Arctic RV (headed south) is the employee only entrance. The next driveway is for public parking. There are signs on the building indicating the way to our office.
The programs have changed multiple times over the years. With each change in the program, the application also changes, meaning that you may have to fill out a new application depending on how long it has been since you last applied.
No. There are currently no wood or coal burning hydronic heaters that meet the emissions requirements required by both our funding source and Borough Code for Change Outs. Any new solid fuel burning appliances (SFBAs) (ex: wood, coal, pellet burning appliances) must also be on the State of Alaska's approved list (click here). For further details please call the Borough Air Quality office at (907) 459-1005.
If participating in the replacement or removal program, yes. In order to ensure that the old devices turned in as part of these programs are never again used in our area, they must be destroyed.
The devices being replaced must be delivered to the Borough Air Quality Office. They are later taken to a recycling facility.
All properties in the PM2.5 Nonattainment Area of the Fairbanks North Star Borough are eligible for the various change out programs.
Only the legal property owners can apply for the programs. Applications must be signed by all of the legal property owners.
Yes. Application's can be submitted to our office the following ways:
While we do not recommend or promote any particular device or dealer, all appliances installed through the various Change Out Programs are required to be installed by a Borough Listed Installer (click here for the list). Additionally, different buildings and lifestyles require different types of heating appliances. We recommend checking with local vendors to determine which appliance best suits your heating needs.
Simply submit a public records request form to view or receive copies of documents within code enforcement case files. There is no charge to view the file or be emailed copies of documents unless staff hours exceed five hours per request. A $0.25 per page (8.5 by 11 inch) charge will apply to physical copies once the total exceeds $5 per month, per person.
Learn about the process to file a complaint, or, go ahead and submit a Complaint Form (PDF).
Learn about the code enforcement process by visiting the Code Enforcement Process page.
Learn about the procedure to submit a Complaint Form (PDF) by visiting the Code Enforcement Process page.
This is a civil matter. If you are unable to reach an agreement with your neighbor, you may wish to contact the Alaska State Troopers, City Police, or a private attorney to pursue a restraining order or other civil means. For contact information, go to the emergency contacts section. Knowing where your property corners are located will assist with this process.
This is a civil matter. If you are unable to reach an agreement with your neighbor, you may wish to contact the Alaska State Troopers, City Police, or a private land-use attorney. For contact information, go to the emergency contacts section.
If you are not sure where your property corners are, Community Planning's Platting Office is available to assist with finding any existing plats/subdivisions that show where property corners were placed historically. You may then be able to use a metal detector to find your corner marker. But, if that doesn't work, you will need to hire a professional surveyor to physically locate existing. or place new, markers in the ground.
For emergencies requiring medical, fire or police response, please call 911. The Code Enforcement Office does not consist of emergency responders. For less immediate concerns, please contact the Alaska State Troopers, City Police, or your local fire department. For contact information, go to the emergency contacts section.
Encroachments are generally semi-permanent in nature and might include "buildings, billboards, walls, fences, driveways, earthworks, culverts, pipe, poles, towers, gates or ditches placed so as to obstruct or impair proper use." But, the most common inquiry about encroachments seems to involve vehicles. To determine if your neighbor's pickup (or anything else) is an "encroachment," let's walk through this together:
If the encroachment is occurring on a road or within a road right-of-way inside a Road Service Area (RSA), your complaint form will be forwarded to Rural Services. If it is occurring outside of an RSA, then it will be processed by Code Enforcement.
If the road is within a Road Service Area (RSA), contact Fairbanks North Star Borough (FNSB) Rural Services. For abandoned vehicles on FNSB property (including roadways), contact FNSB Solid Waste. For vehicles on private property, contact the Alaska State Troopers.
The answer to this question can get quite case-specific. But, the following is some generalized information that is intended to give some initial direction to get you started in the right direction:
"Junk" means worn out, dismantled, inoperable or wrecked aircraft, vehicles or machinery or parts thereof, mobile homes or trailers, appliances or furniture, scrap building materials, metals, rubber, paper, plastic, or other scrap or discarded materials.
worn out, dismantled, inoperable or wrecked aircraft, vehicles or machinery or parts thereof, mobile homes or trailers, appliances or furniture, scrap building materials, metals, rubber, paper, plastic, or other scrap or discarded materials.
"Junkyard" means the use of more than 1,000 square feet of a lot or parcels under common ownership for a salvaging operation, including but not limited to the storage or sale of junk or the collection, dismantlement, storage, or salvage of junk. This definition does not include:
the use of more than 1,000 square feet of a lot or parcels under common ownership for a salvaging operation, including but not limited to the storage or sale of junk or the collection, dismantlement, storage, or salvage of junk.
Junkyards are required to make provisions to prevent any contamination of the domestic water supply or excessive surface run-off from the property into adjoining lands or streams." For automobile salvage yards, a drainage plan must be approved by the DEC "specifying the method of disposing of surface run-off from the site (FNSBC 18.96.130.C).
to prevent any contamination of the domestic water supply or excessive surface run-off from the property into adjoining lands or streams." For automobile salvage yards, a drainage plan must be approved by the DEC "specifying the method of disposing of surface run-off from the site
The DEC administers a permit that covers runoff from an "automobile salvage yard." So, if the junkyard is predominately automobiles, then the facility would need to apply for coverage under a Multi-Sector General Permit and develop a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). Although there is no size threshold for the junkyard, it must be a business enterprise, not an individual with 20 cars on their home lot.
The SWPPP can be prepared by the operator and does not necessarily require hiring a professional. The DEC has a template for the operator to fill in and an EPA Manual that helps describe the process of assembling the SWPPP. If you are considering submitting a SWPPP, please look at the DEC website and then call the Stormwater Section of the Division of Water at 907-269-6283 for assistance through the process.
Junkyards are permitted uses only in the General Use (GU-1), Light Industrial (LI), and Heavy Industrial (HI) zoning districts and only when they fully comply with the requirements listed under FNSBC 18.96.130. Section B requires junkyards to be "completely enclosed and obscured from the public view at all times by a sight-obscuring screen."
"Sight-obscuring screen" means a year-round shield of sufficient height and volume to block from sight one abutting or nearby structure or use from another. This may include, but is not limited to, densely planted vegetation, decorative fencing or earthen berms, or a combination thereof (FNSBC 18.04.010.B).
a year-round shield of sufficient height and volume to block from sight one abutting or nearby structure or use from another. This may include, but is not limited to, densely planted vegetation, decorative fencing or earthen berms, or a combination thereof
Yes, this would be considered a "minor kennel" so long as:
To see where minor kennels are allowed, visit "Where can I open a new dog (or cat) kennel?" The full definition of "kennels, minor" is included from FNSBC 18.04.010.B: Kennels, minor" means "a lot on which no fewer than five and no more than 24 dogs or cats, six months of age and older, are maintained out-of-doors or in unheated buildings.
Kennels, minor" means "a lot on which no fewer than five and no more than 24 dogs or cats, six months of age and older, are maintained out-of-doors or in unheated buildings.
The FNSB Code (FNSBC) includes two size thresholds for kennels: minor and major.
For all other zoning districts, raising domestic or commercial livestock is a prohibited use.
"Domestic Livestock" means any quantity of farm animals raised and/or kept for personal use or for occasional competitive use (i.e. 4H, FFA, etc) (FNSBC 18.04.010.B). It is a permitted use only in the General Use (GU), Rural and Agricultural (RA), Rural Farmstead (RF) and Rural Estate (RE) zoning districts and is a conditional use in the Outdoor Recreational (OR) zoning district. In the Rural Residential (RR) zoning district, it is a permitted use for lots greater than 80,000 square feet in area or a conditional use on lots less than 80,000 square feet in area.
any quantity of farm animals raised and/or kept for personal use or for occasional competitive use (i.e. 4H, FFA, etc)
"Commercial livestock" means any quantity of farm animals kept with the intention of selling related goods and/or services (FNSBC 18.04.010.B). It is a permitted use only in the General Use (GU), Rural and Agricultural (RA) and Rural Farmstead (RF) zoning districts.
any quantity of farm animals kept with the intention of selling related goods and/or services
For all other zoning districts, raising domestic or commercial livestock is a prohibited use. Note: Livestock grazing is a conditional use in the Mineral Lands (ML) zoning district.
Building permits are only required within the City of Fairbanks (phone: 907-459-6720) and City of North Pole (phone: 907-488-8593). Since the FNSB has not adopted a building code, building permits are not required in the Borough at-large outside of these two cities. However, a zoning permit may still be required whether within or outside of the city limits and, if commercial, you may still be required to get approval by the State Fire Marshal.
You are required to obtain a zoning permit before any excavation, construction, relocation, or installation is started for a new use (FNSBC 18.104.080.B).
before any excavation, construction, relocation, or installation is started for a new use
The only exceptions to this requirement are if the property is within a General Use (GU) zoning district (and outside of a special landscape area overlay zone) or if the lot is just being cleared or graded (FNSBC 18.104.080.B.1 and 2).
If within the GU zoning district, you may still opt to submit a zoning permit to establish a starting point for a use or the construction date for a structure. This could be helpful to affirm grandfather rights in the future. Please see FNSBC 18.84.020 for other uses within the GU zoning district that require a conditional use permit.
Please note that all commercial marijuana establishments require approval via a zoning permit or conditional use permit.
Fairbanks Area Surface Transportation (FAST) Planning produced the following map to help users determine who the maintenance authority is on a given roadway.
To determine your zoning, please use the Fairbanks North Star Borough Zoning Identifier. You can click on the link here or find it near the bottom right corner of the community planning department's webpage. When you have opened the Zoning Identifier you may enter either your address or business name or Parcel Account Number (PAN). Once you have located your property use the legend to determine what zoning district your property is in.
Now that you know what zoning district your property is in you can navigate to the Zoning Code of Ordinances using the link here or quick links found in the bottom right corner of the community planning webpage. Enter your zoning district into the search bar to learn more about the regulations that govern your property.
Note: Existing development constructed after being mapped in the special flood hazard area (SFHA) is required to still have a floodplain permit and is in violation of the floodplain management regulations.
Before a person starts construction on any new or substantially improved structure:
The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) defines a flood as a general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas (at least 2 or more acres or 2 or more adjacent properties) from overflow of inland or tidal waters or from the unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source.
a general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas (at least 2 or more acres or 2 or more adjacent properties) from overflow of inland or tidal waters or from the unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source.
Flood zones are land areas identified by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Each flood zone describes that land area in terms of its risk of flooding. Everyone lives in a flood zone it's just a question of whether you live in a low, moderate, or high-risk area.
Land areas that are at high risk for flooding are called SFHAs or floodplains. These areas are indicated on Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) and are designated with an "A". In high-risk areas, there is at least a one in four chance of flooding during a 30-year mortgage. Properties in the SFHA with federally backed loans require flood insurance.
If you live in the Fairbanks North Star Borough (FNSB), you can call the Flood Plain Administrator in the Community Planning Department at (907) 459-1260.
Visit the FloodSmart website to find out what your flood risk is.
The BFE is the height of the base (one percent annual chance) flood, usually in feet, in relation to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD29), the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88), or other datum reference in the Flood Insurance Study (FIS) report, or average depth of the base flood, usually in feet, above the ground surface.
No, Fairbanks North Star Borough (FNSB) does not charge for a Floodplain Permit. We have 30 days to process Floodplain Permits.
An EC is an administrative tool of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) which is used to provide elevation information necessary to ensure compliance with the community floodplain management ordinances, to determine the proper insurance premium rate, or support a request for a Letter of Map Amendment (LOMA).
The certificate is issued by the Fairbanks North Star Borough (FNSB) floodplain administrator pursuant to the requirements of FNSB 15.04.055 certifying that at the time of issuance, development described in the certificate was in compliance with the floodplain management requirements of the Fairbanks North Star Borough.
After you receive your Floodplain Permit and your project has been completed, you will submit a certificate of compliance application along with the required documentation certifying that your development complies with applicable requirements and standards set forth in Fairbanks North Star Borough (FNSB) Title 15 no later than 60 days after obtaining a finished construction elevation certificate or flood-proofing certificate, if required.
At a minimum, this will include an elevation certificate certifying the elevation of the lowest finished floor (including basement) of all new and substantially improved buildings; a report stating that the ability of the channel to adequately carry floodwater will be maintained at the same capacity as prior to alteration for watercourse alteration or relocation; a Zero Rise Certification for construction, fill or other development in a regulatory floodway.
A LOMA is an official amendment, by letter, to an effective National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) map for insurance purposes. A LOMA establishes a property's location in relation to the Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA). The letter becomes effective on the date sent.
If you live in the Fairbanks North Star Borough (FNSB), you can call the floodplain administrator in the Community Planning Department at 907-459-1260. The property is required to have the floodplain permit and certificate of compliance certifying the property meets Title 15 regulations.
Upon receipt of all required data a LOMA or LOMR-F, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) issues a determination within 60 days. Upon receipt of all required data to support a LOMR, FEMA issues a determination within 90 days.
The NFIP is managed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and contains three components: flood insurance, floodplain management, and flood hazard mapping. Participation in the NFIP is determined by whether the community adopts and enforces floodplain management ordinances in exchange for the protection of federal flood insurance availability to its citizens.
No, flood damage is not typically covered by a homeowner's insurance policy. A flood insurance policy covers surface water flooding (see "What is a flood?").
No, there is a 30-day waiting period from the date of purchase before your policy goes into effect.
Yes, because Fairbanks North Star Borough (FNSB) participates in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) you can buy flood insurance to cover the contents of your home or business.
The 100-year flood (base flood) is a climatic average, that is, there is a one percent chance a 100-year flood will happen in any given year. The base flood could occur more than once in a relatively short period of time.
Over a 30-year mortgage, there is a 26% chance you'll have a 100-year flood (base flood).
No, this is defined as a water loss and would not be covered under the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP).
No, unless the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) definition of a flood is met (see "What is a flood?").
No. The Borough Attorney is legally and ethically prohibited from representing individuals in private legal matters. The Borough Attorney's Office only represents the Fairbanks North Star Borough as an entity and its officials and employees in the course and scope of their employment or official duties.
The Borough Attorney works for the Fairbanks North Star Borough, as a government entity. She is appointed by the Mayor and confirmed by the Assembly. The authority and function of the Borough Attorney is set forth in Chapter 2.12, Fairbanks North Star Borough Code.
No, as that could be construed as providing legal advice to someone who is not a client of the Borough Attorney's Office. If you are in need of a lawyer, these agencies may be able to assist you with an attorney referral:
The Borough Attorney is employed by the Fairbanks North Star Borough, a local government entity. The District Attorney is an appointed official who investigates and prosecutes criminal activities on behalf of the State of Alaska. The District Attorney's Office can be reached at (907) 451-5970.
Pursuant to Alaska Rules of Civil Procedure, Rule 4(d)(9), the summons and complaint shall be delivered to the chief executive officer (Borough Mayor) or chief clerk (Borough Clerk).
No. Landlord-tenant issues are private civil matters over which the Borough has no jurisdiction. For general questions, you may visit the Alaska Consumer Protection Unit of the Attorney General's Office website.
No. Please contact the agency that issued the citation or the court system if you have questions.
You may contact:Child Support Services DivisionAnchorage Office655 F StreetAnchorage, AK 99501-6699Phone: 907-269-6900Fax: 907-787-3220Child Support Services Division Website
Mailing Address550 W 7th AvenueSuite 310Anchorage, AK 99501-6699Phone: 907-269-6900Fax: 907-787-3220Child Support Services Division Website
If you received a collection letter for library books:
If you received a collection letter for EMS charges:
If you believe your insurance should have covered all or part of the EMS charges, please contact Systems Design at 1-800-585-5242.
You may contact:Fairbanks Trial Court101 Lacey StreetFairbanks, AK 99701Phone: 907-452-9277
View the Alaska Small Claims Handbook (PDF) form more information.
If a judgment is entered against you, the Fairbanks North Star Borough can garnish up to 80% of your Permanent Fund Dividend (PFD) each year until the judgment is satisfied. You can review garnishments by going to the myPFD website, which will provide you with a case number. Your case information is available at Courtview Public Access Website Alaska Court System. If you have further questions or dispute the garnishment, you can call 907-459-1000 and ask for the legal department.
Reports or complaints concerning any violation of State law occurring in the Fairbanks North Star Borough should be made to the Fairbanks Police Department at 907-450-6500, the North Police Department at 907-488-6902, or the Alaska State Troopers at 907-451-5100. If the matter is an emergency, call 911.
Reports or complaints concerning violations of the Fairbanks North Star Borough Code should be made to the Code Enforcement Division of the Department of Community Planning at 907-459-1260. If it is an Animal Control matter, please contact the Division of Animal Control at 907-459-1451.
View the Complaint Form (PDF).
To review or obtain copies of public records, please fill out a Public Records Request Form (PDF) and send it to the appropriate Borough department.
To pay your citation online, go to Courtview Public Access Website Alaska Court System and search for your case (either by case number, name, or citation number). Select the green Pay icon and follow the instructions to complete the payment.
If a default judgment was entered against you, you can pay the amount due in person at the Fairbanks North Star Borough, Treasury and Budget Division located at:907 Terminal StreetFairbanks, AK 99701
You may also pay the amount due by U.S. Mail (cashier's checks only) to Fairbanks North Star BoroughTreasury and Budget DivisionP.O. Box 71267Fairbanks, AK 99707-1267
Frequently Asked Questions regarding citations are available at Alaska Court System Self-Help Services.
NO. Although this plan will be subsidized by the Borough it will not require the Borough to increase taxes.
Yes! We have already begun working with KO Productions to discuss their expos and how they would fit into our schedules. This facility works when it has support of local businesses and organizations.
We hope that this facility will only continue to grow. This first year will be about getting things moving in the right direction. Then we hope to look at additional activities as space becomes available.
The Community asked for a facility that allowed for more access. This plan opens the facility on a daily basis for the following activities, with additional opportunities to grow:
You bet! GO NANOOKS!
Pricing will be in line with other Borough facilities for rentals, birthday parties, and drop-in rates. This means in most ways facility costs to the Community will be affordable.
At this time all walking will continue to be offered at the Big Dipper.
Rentals will be offered according to availability. Contact the Riverside Division Office for scheduling the facility or go to the Parks & Rec website to learn about how to make a reservation online.
There is no admission fee to enter Pioneer Park. Feel free to come to the Park and experience a self-guided tour of our artifacts, buildings and grounds! You can also enjoy the playground and Bear Art Gallery at no cost! Some museums and activities charge a nominal fee.
During the Summer season (Memorial Day weekend in May through Labor Day in September) Pioneer Park is open seven days per week from 12:00 pm - 8:00 pm, and offers picnic shelter rentals, shops featuring local artisans, restaurants, museums and community events.
The Alaska Salmon Bake is open daily during the Summer season from 5:00 pm - 9:00 pm for dinner and the Palace Theater offers a daily show at 8:15 pm.
Winter season hours are daily from 6:00 am - midnight and provides the opportunity for self-guided tours of artifacts, buildings and grounds as well as special events.
Yes, leashed pets are welcome at Pioneer Park! We ask that you clean up after your pet by using the Park provided bags deposited into the designated disposal recepticals!
Self contained recreational vehicles are welcome at Pioneer Park in the designated parking areas at a cost of $12.00 per night. Camping is dry camping only as there are no hookups (sewer, electric etc.) available.
A potable water station is available during the Summer season (May-September) at no cost.
No advance reservations accepted-all use is on a first come first serve basis.
Payment can be made on site via the fee payment posts on the East and West end of the main parking lot by using cash into the provided fee payment envelope deposited into the fee payment post or online using a credit/debit card by selecting the number of nights you would like to pay and entering your card information.
Although the swings are not shown in the current design they will be there! The existing swings will remain near the pre-school aged area and when completed will be located by the fish. We also expect to install some additional swings that are for older kids but we are not sure where they will go until the construction designs are created. We still need to look at some distances to meet applicable swing safety standards.
We at Pioneer Park agree about the need for playground seating! Although it is not directly in the design, we expect that once the Playground is constructed you will find plenty of seating for all. Since this will also be a winter site with ice skating, we want to have many places available for folks to put their skates on, or just sit to enjoy the Park!
The idea is to use the same process as is currently used for the skating loop at Tanana Lakes. We will let snow build up on the pathway and pack it down/smooth it out with one of our skid steer loaders. Then we will bring the Zamboni from the Big Dipper or the Carlson Center and begin creating ice. Pioneer Park staff will maintain the ice during the Winter. This process is one that Parks and Recreation staff is efficient at completing.
Until we receive the construction documents we cannot fully calculate the costs. What we do know, is that the FNSB Assembly has the Playground at Pioneer Park on the Capital Improvement Plans for $2.5 million. We expect it to have additional costs that we are working to meet through grants, sponsorships, and additional sources.
Right now we are only in the very beginning stages of the project. The FNSB Assembly has the Playground at Pioneer Park on the Capital Improvement Plan schedule for a couple of years from now. This is the conceptual design and the first step in a multi-year process. We still have a construction design to create, funding to officially approve, as well as grants and sponsorships to collect. So we still have work ahead of us!
Once the construction project begins, we will evaluate the existing playground pieces to see if they are still supported by their manufacturers. This will be done to see if they are able to be removed and reused to accentuate the overall design. This includes pieces like the pre-school aged train piece, and the climbing rope piece. At this point non of the current play pieces are for sale.
Staff at Pioneer Park as well as the Parks and Recreation Department, are trained as Certified Playground Safety Inspectors through the National Recreation and Parks Association. Also, the design looks at upholding International American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards for playgrounds and their equipment.
In the future, this project will be accepting donations, recommendations for potential sponsors and grants. The methods to make this happen are in process and we expect options to be available soon. Check back at this web page for details!
A "service area" is a geographic area of the borough designated by ordinance, in accordance with Fairbanks North Star Borough 1.12.150 and Alaska Statute 29.35, within which the borough provides a service not otherwise provided.
Not all taxes are created equal; The Fairbanks North Star Borough is a second-class borough and, therefore, does not have area-wide road powers. Only an area that has elected to allow the borough to collect additional taxes for special services is able to maintain its roads.
Title 12 of the Fairbanks North Star Borough Code of Ordinances, Protection of Public Roads and Areas, specifically prohibits encroachments of the road and the road right-of-way. The practice of moving snow to the road is considered an encroachment because it may create hazards for road users and the hardened snow berms interfere with the snow removal contractors operations.. An encroachment exists when snow is placed on a service area road by a resident, or when vehicles are parked or abandoned on a service area road.
Title 12 of the Fairbanks North Star Borough Code of Ordinances, Protection of Public Roads and Areas, specifically prohibits encroachments of the road and the road right-of-way. An encroachment exists when snow is placed on a service area road by a resident or when vehicles are parked or abandoned on a service area road. Vehicles that are parked or abandoned on a service area road may be removed by Fairbanks North Star Borough upon request of the commission. Rural Services will post the vehicle to warn a resident of an impending tow.
This is a frequently asked question by residents new to the Fairbanks North Star Borough, or by residents moving outside of a city to borough jurisdiction.
On January 1, 1964, Fairbanks North Star Borough (FNSB) was incorporated as a second class borough. A second class borough does not have area-wide powers by Alaska Statute (AS) 29.35.490, however, may establish service areas if a majority of residents living in the area vote to do so in a special service area election. Without area-wide road powers, the borough may only collect taxes for road maintenance if voted to do so by the residents in the area.
FNSB has the following service areas:
A list of FNSB service areas can be found in chapter 14.08 of the FNSB Code of Ordinances.
Each service area determines the level of service they are willing to support by voting on a funding level. Tax caps exist in each service area, so additional funds for road maintenance are not available without a majority vote of the residents of the area.
Road service area commissioners are responsible for the day-to-day maintenance operations within the service area boundaries. Fairbanks North Star Borough has a total of 426 commission seats for road/sewer/street light service areas. Here are examples of some of their duties:
As a resident of the service area:
To be considered for appointment by the mayor for a road service area, you must meet the following requirements:
If you ever call 911, the operator is trained to verbally confirm and verify the phone number and address for every call received. This is the way a 911 call should work, but if a young child or an out of town visitor is calling they may not know your correct address. For this reason, the E911 system must have the correct assigned physical address associated with your phone number.
Yes, if you have independent businesses or residences with separate phone lines, separate addresses are recommended.
The Street Name in your physical address is the last Named Street that you drive on before you turn onto your driveway. Each officially recognized FNSB road (whether public or private) has an assigned Address Number range. Your Address Number is based on where your driveway accesses a Named Road.
You are encouraged to apply for a new address as soon as you know how you will access your property. In the case of proposed construction, the address number will be assigned based on the owner's site plan of the proposed structure and driveway.
Not as accurate as a survey, generally things should be located +/- 5 feet or so. The important features to show are your lot lines, your proposed construction, and the proposed location of your driveway. If a Zoning Permit Application is required for your construction you can combine the free Zoning Permit Application (PDF) with an Address Request (PDF) (see the Address Locator help screen for instructions on how to print a map to submit with your address request).
If road access to a structure changes significantly (e.g., driveway access is constructed off a different named road) or access moves significantly, then the owner must contact the FNSB and request an address correction. The address correction is free and the FNSB also will send an update on the address to the phone companies, the United States Postal Service (USPS), Golden Valley Electric Association (GVEA), and the E911 dispatch center.
Because addresses can be assigned only based on an officially named thoroughfare, and road names and locations are official only after the final plat is recorded, we can not assign addresses based off road names in preliminary plats. In the case of an existing structure on a plat that has not been finalized, we will attempt to address the location based on existing roads, but the address will most likely change when the plat is finalized. In general, any plat or re-plat which names or renames roads will require addresses to change.
Addresses are issued for a property based upon the proposed location of the driveway and structure on the property. Once you have a good idea where these items will be located, you should visit the Address Locator to create a simple site plan (map) of your property, or visit the addressing coordinator at the Community Planning Department at 907 Terminal Street, Fairbanks. If you have questions about addressing, please email us at or call 907-459-1260.
You can report address discrepancies from the Address Locator and the addressing coordinator will contact you to verify a proper address for your property. If you prefer talking to a human, visit the addressing coordinator in the Community Planning Department, 907 Terminal Street, Fairbanks, or call us at 907-459-1260.
Here are some guidelines for posting your address so that emergency responders (and your friends!) can find you:
Post your numbers so they are large enough to be seen easily from the road. A minimum number height of 2.5 inches is required-but larger numbers may be required, depending on how far they are from the roadway. Address number signs are available for free from the FNSB; call the addressing coordinator at 907-459-1260 or visit Community Planning at 907 Terminal Street.
If the building is not clearly visible from the road, post numbers closer to the road near the driveway entrance, high enough so they won't be covered by snow.
Post your numbers as many times as necessary so your address is visible from all directions traffic may approach.
If the driveway serves more than one address number, post all numbers at the driveway entrance, and also post the appropriate number at each driveway fork and on the specific building to which it is assigned.
Keep snow and ice cleared away from your numbers. Remove snow, break off icicles or hanging roof ice to ensure your numbers are visible.
Illuminate your numbers when dark outside- use reflective painted numbers, or use a porch light, a nearby street light, a directed spotlight, or purchase electrically-illuminated numbers.
Trim bushes and trees to keep numbers visible
Be sure to move the following items out from in front of your numbers:
If you remove your numbers due to construction or painting of your building, temporarily post your numbers elsewhere, making sure they're still visible from the road.
If your property is within a platted subdivision, the recorded plat will show easements, but there may be other easements as well. A title search of your property would indicate any easements that encumber your land. The State Recorder's website is also a good resource.
We recommend you hire a licensed surveyor for an "as-built" to determine if the encroachment actually exists. Our geographic information system (GIS) aerial images are for informational purposes, and should not be used as a replacement for an accurate survey.
Any subdivision development within a flood hazard area must comply with federal regulations and Fairbanks North Star Borough (FNSB) Title 15. A subdivision plat within a flood hazard area must also provide the appropriate base flood elevation (BFE) and benchmarks.
Yes, any proposed subdivision lots must meet the minimum lot size requirements imposed by zoning ordinance.
Come to the Community Planning counter on the 2nd floor of the Juanita Helms Administrative Center and ask for a platting officer. You can also call 907-459-1260 or email us.
View the Area Surveyors (PDF) to find licensed surveyors who can help subdivide your land.
Your land may be within wetlands that are regulated under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. In that case, a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers permit may be required to place fill or dredge in that area.
Real property means land and improvements, all possessory rights and privileges appurtenant to the property, and includes personal property affixed to the land or improvements (AS 29.71.800).
Real Property Tax Bills and Mortgage Notices are prepared and mailed by the Fairbanks North Star Borough, Treasury and Budget Division on or before July 1st of each year.
You have the option of paying the taxes in full upon receipt of the tax bill on July 1st. The first half installment is due on the first business day in September. The second half installment is due on the first business day in November.
You can view your account information via the Property Database Search Pages or you can call the Treasury and Budget Division at 907-459-1441. For payments made after the due dates, please call the Treasury and Budget Division for the correct amount.
Yes, the Fairbanks North Star Borough offers electronic payment via credit card and e-check. The Borough offers these forms of electronic payment options to provide additional choice and convenience to customers making payment on real property taxes. If using either one of these methods be sure you have your parcel account number(s) (PAN) and the amount you are paying available to complete the transaction.
The credit card payment option will charge the taxpayer a third party convenience fee of approximately 3.45% of the amount paid and will be available through the internet or by phone. If you wish to pay by credit card by phone, you will need to call 800-272-9829 and enter Jurisdiction Code 1206 when prompted.
E-check is also available through a third party and subject to a $1.85 convenience fee.
For payments over $10,000.00, the convenience fee is $15.00.
Please note that e-checks are not an acceptable form of "guaranteed funds" for tax foreclosure properties.
Make checks, money orders, cashier checks, or traveler's checks payable toFairbanks North Star Borough (FNSB)P.O. Box 71320Fairbanks, AK 99707
Note: Please provide a payment stub or parcel account number (PAN) when making payment to ensure payment is applied to the proper account.
If your property taxes are delinquent you will be charged up to a 5% penalty and an annual simple interest rate of 8% on the taxes due. If a delinquency continues beyond the normal collection period, your tax account could incur additional fees such as advertising fees, legal fees, and administration costs.
Confirmation from website dated by 11:45 pm. AST on or before the due date. Envelope postmarked by the U.S. Post Office by 11:59 pm on or before the due date. Cash register receipt/Treasury date stamp received in person by 5 pm on or before the due date. Note: If the due date falls on a weekend or holiday, the due date is the next business day.
Real property taxes are due and payable as billed even if you have filed an appeal on the assessed value of your property. A refund will be made, if appropriate, after the resolution of your appeal.
Yes, payments may be made after the due date, however the amount will increase as additional interest, penalty or delinquent/foreclosure fees accrue.
Yes, but the exact amount will not be known until after the Borough Assembly has established the mill levy for that year.
Credit balances are automatically refunded for all real property tax account refunds. Process time will vary due to the volume of overpayments. If you would like your overpayment applied to the next year's taxes or to another tax account, you can fax a letter requesting the transfer to 907-459-1449 or send an email to the Tax Office.
Taxpayers who have arranged for their payments to be made through their mortgage company will receive a Tax Notice rather than a Tax Bill. It is the property owner's responsibility to ensure their mortgage company pays their taxes timely each year. Escrow contracts are between the property owner and the mortgage company. The Borough is not responsible for ensuring your bank pays, however you may call our office or check online (the Property Database Search Pages) to see if your taxes have been paid.
Address changes are processed by the Borough Assessor's Office at907 Terminal StreetFairbanks, AK 99701
You can also call 907-459-1428 or fax a request to 907-459-1416.
Applications, procedures, and guidelines are available in the Borough Assessor's Office at: 907 Terminal Street, Fairbanks, AK 99701. You may also call 907-459-1428.
Real property taxes are billed on a calendar year basis (January through December).
The Borough places a lien against your property for the amount of taxes owed. The lien includes any interest, penalties, and administrative costs charged due to lack of payment.
A lien is a judgment against the property that can be collected by foreclosure and sale of the property.
Foreclosure properties will be either sold at public auction or retained for a public purpose. For more information on the tax foreclosure process, tax liens, and tax-deeded property, visit Tax Foreclosure Information or contact Tax Foreclosure in the Treasury and Budget Division at 907-459-1240.
Payment will be reversed off of the account back to the effective date of the payment. The tax billing system will automatically apply any penalty, interest, and costs as if the payment was never made. An additional $30 will be added for the returned check fee.
Call the Borough Assessors' Office at 907-459-1428 for all ownership and address changes.
It is the property owner's responsibility to ensure their taxes are paid timely each year. Failure to receive a tax bill does not relieve the taxpayer of responsibility for timely payment or constitute cause for cancellation.
For additional assessing information call 907-459-1428. For additional tax information call 907-459-1441. Questions unable to be answered by local officials may be directed to the Department of Community and Economic Development, Office of the State Assessor at the following addressState Assessor DCED/DCBD550 W 7th AvenueSuite 1790Anchorage, AK 99501
Call the Department of Community and Economic Development, Office of the State Assessor at 907-269-4605.
You can call us at 907-459-1196, download and use our Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Complaint Form (PDF) or request a copy of the form by writing or phoning Fairbanks North Star Borough Transportation Department:3175 Peger RoadFairbanks, AK 99709
You may file a signed, dated, and written complaint no more than 180 days from the date of the alleged incident. The complaint should include:
Please submit your complaint form to:Metropolitan Area Commuter System (MACS) Transportation DepartmentTransportation Director3175 Peger RoadFairbanks, AK 99709
If you are unable to complete a written complaint due to a disability or if the information is needed in another language we can assist you. Please email the Transportation Department or call the department at 907-459-1196.
Metropolitan Area Commuter System (MACS) Transportation investigates complaints received no more than 180 days after the alleged incident. MACS Transportation will process complaints that are complete. Once a completed complaint is received, MACS Transportation will review it to determine if MACS Transportation has jurisdiction.
MACS Transportation will generally complete an investigation within 90 days from receipt of a complaint. If more information is needed to resolve the case, MACS Transportation may contact you. Unless a longer period is specified by MACS Transportation you will have ten days from the date of the request to send the requested information. If the requested information is not received, MACS Transportation may administratively close the case. A case may also be administratively closed if you no longer wish to pursue it.
After an investigation is complete, MACS Transportation will send you a letter summarizing the results of the investigation, stating the findings and advising of any corrective action to be taken as a result of the investigation. If you disagree with MACS Transportation determination, you may request reconsideration by submitting a request in writing to Fairbanks North Star Borough Human Resources Director within seven days after the date of the MACS Transportation letter, stating with specificity the basis for the reconsideration. The director will notify you of the decision either to accept or reject the request for reconsideration within ten days. In cases where reconsideration is granted, the director will issue a determination letter to the complainant upon completion of the reconsideration review.
We encourage that you file the complaint with us. However, you may file a complaint with Alaska Community Transit or the Federal Transit Administration:Federal Transit AdministrationOffice of Civil Rights1200 New Jersey Avenue SEWashington, DC 20590


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This article is more than 1 year old
Sun preps cell-phone Java plan for netbooks
Modules not globules
OpenWorld 09 Sun Microsystems is working with partners to make Java telecomsy for netbooks.
The company hopes to deliver a modular version of Java Micro Edition (Java ME) "sometime" next year, which would let netbooks running Java offer more of the kinds of features used in cell phones and are currently enabled on such devices through the Java APIs.
Currently, netbooks must use Java Standard Edition (Java SE), which is used on notebooks and PCs.
The work would also bring functionality found on laptops to some smart phones, according to Sun.
Jeet Kaul, vice president of Sun's client software group, told The Reg at Oracle's OpenWorld: "Currently netbooks run Java on the desktop, but we want them to be able to do mobile things, so we want those mobile APIs to be available here and that - rather than having two VMs - we want to have it modular."
Kaul said Sun and partners are trying to figure out when and how to release the modular version of Java ME, which will also bring dynamic languages like Jruby to mobile.
"The first effort on modularization is on SE. As we do that we are building a mobile version as we speak, and we are building a version for the netbooks," Kaul said.
Of course, everything Kaul said is heavily caveated by Oracle's pending acquisition of Sun. It's unknown, publicly at least, what Sun projects Oracle will continue once the deal closes.
Also, a great deal will depend on what happens to JavaFX under Oracle. JavaFX is Sun's preferred option for interface programming on mobile, PC and TV.
Oracle chief executive Larry Ellison, meanwhile, has declared publicly for JavaFX on computers, it is barely used. The de facto standard in handsets, however, is Java ME.
But Oracle would need to adapt its developer tools strategy to incorporate JavaFX. The database giant's standard for Java and SOA is its JDeveloper suite. Rather than scrap NetBeans, as has been expected, Oracle would need to retain NetBeans because it's the only suite and framework that works with JavaFX, which remains a closed language only from Sun.
Supporting the idea of a change, is the fact Oracle now has a track record of accepting non-JDeveloper IDEs: it moved fully to Eclipse once it sucked in BEA Systems' WebLogic Workshop after its BEA acquisition.
The industry's modularity work on Java started Java SE 6.0 and will see its latest incarnation in the forthcoming release of Java Enterprise Edition (Java EE) 6.0. Java EE 6.0 will introduce profiles - subsets of APIs for particular classes of application such as financial or telecommunications, for example.
After much debate about how bloated Java has become, the idea now is to let developers build what they want for the devices they want using only the APIs they need.
The move to modularity could also make updates to Java simpler, as the community could update specific APIs or slide in new functionality instead of waiting to refresh the entire stack.
Kaul made it sound like Sun and partners might use the Java EE 6.0 modularity push to build a profile for netbooks. So far, just one profile is planned - a Java EE Web Profile for "modern web application development".
The ability to run dynamic languages on mobile is an important part of this work.
With a modular stack, mobile could use the same VM as SE and EE. Importantly, Sun's VM work with dynamic languages such as Jruby, without a need for a separate VM or additional programming framework tailored to that specific language.
Kaul said: "We don't want one big huge globule put together. We just want to say: 'If you want this functionality, you got it.'"
He called the ability to swap in and out features and to run dynamic languages on mobile, part of an attempt to build a "next generation mobile platform" using Java.
Sun in 2006 hired JRuby developers Charles Nutter and Thomas Enebo to work on help dynamic language take advantage of the JVM's features. They recently left Sun, but it's usual for open-source projects to move with the person, not stay with a company, so it's reasonable to assume JRuby on the JVM will continue.
Nutter said recently he'd been given more resources to pursue JRuby with his new employer, Ruby specialist EngineYard.
Ironically, Nutter said he and Enebo left Sun precisely because of the uncertainty caused over the Jruby on VM project by Oracle's pending acquisition. Nutter said this had left them unable to plan for the future, while they also didn't know whether JRuby would continue. ®