text:
In Massachusetts, more overweight children are losing weight and violent crime has dipped, but much remains to be done in those and other health-related concerns, including drug abuse, according to the Massachusetts Health Council, which released its seventh statewide wellness report Tuesday.
"Clearly this report tells us, it's a map, of what remains to be done. . . . We've come a long way, but we have a lot of work to do,'' state Senator Harriette Chandler, a co-chair of the Prevention on Health Caucus, said during an event at the State House marking the release of the report, called Common Health for the Commonwealth.
The report is aimed at guiding policy, to provide a "context and a series of benchmarks for policy makers on Beacon Hill when they consider health care matters," said Susan Servais, the council's executive director.
One alarming element of the report is substance abuse, particularly heroin. Eastern Massachusetts had the highest rate of emergency room visits involving illicit drugs than any metropolitan region in the United States, according to the report, and the region also ranked first in emergency room visits involving heroin use.
On the South Shore, one person dies of an overdose every eight days, the report states. In Worcester, lifetime heroin use is twice the state and national average, according to the report.
"These issues are preventable and it really takes a community effort,'' said Karen Johnson, the coordinator of substance abuse prevention programs for the Worcester Department of Public Health.
Johnson said Worcester officials took a closer look at the problem of opiate overdoses in 2009, and developed a strategy, which is now being implemented, with the Police Department's vice squad, which is doing outreach to halfway houses and other substance abuse agencies.
One strategy, aimed at cutting down on the number of overdose deaths, is an educational campaign about 911, letting people know that callers who report drug overdoses will not be prosecuted because they are protected under Good Samaritan laws.
According to the study, tobacco use continues to be the leading cause of preventable death in the state, with about 9,000 people dying annually from its effects.
Stephen Shestakofsky, executive director of Tobacco Free Mass, an organization that is part of the council, unfolded a display of colorful and inexpensive tobacco products he said are aimed at youth.
"Over the last 20 years, we've really made a dent in use . . . but it's still taking an extremely high toll that is totally preventable,'' Shestakofsky said.
Shestakofsky said smokeless products, including lollipops containing nicotine, and flavored cheap cigars, are being used more by youths.
"Kids can't afford cigarettes anymore, but they can afford these products,'' he said. "They still lead to death and significant health issues."
With regard to obesity, the state introduced "Mass In Motion" in 2009 to encourage residents to exercise and eat healthy.
Now, 52 communities representing a third of the state's population have adopted the program.
Somerville implemented a weight reduction program called "Shape Up Somerville," a campaign to increase physical activity and encourage healthy eating, resulting in a 33 percent drop in the number of obese and overweight residents.
"Springfield said, 'come out here, we want to shape up, too,' " Servais said, referring to Springfield's adoption of a similar initiative.
"The reaction for the most part when people see these numbers, is 'oh my goodness, how can we do that?' '' Servais said.
Figures on crime show a 13 percent decline in violent crime in the state's five largest cities, Boston, Cambridge, Lowell, Springfield, and Worcester.
Randall Halstead, a Boston police deputy superintendent, sat with all the health care presenters, and in his dark uniform presented a contrast to those suited officials.
But his message was similar — that community involvement is key to a positive outcome.
He spoke of several department initiatives, including "Cease Fire," which connects soon-to-be released felons serving time for violent offenses to social service programs aimed at linking them with jobs, educational opportunities, housing, and substance abuse prevention programs.
"I would be happy to share what we do here across the state, across the country," he said.
Brian Ballou can be reached at email@example.com.


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If it's late summer, that means it's Concert on the Lawn time. But wait — it's not late summer and only the second weekend in July. A long-time summer tradition, except when it was a fall tradition, KBBI Public Radio's annual Concert on the Lawn is held two weeks earlier this year. The two-day, family-friendly music festival is 1 p.m. to 10 p.m. Saturday and 1 p.m. to 9 p.m. Sunday at Karen Hornaday Park.
Known as "COTL" by festival fans, KBBI moved it to early July because a late-July slot put it a week before Salmonstock, to be held this year Aug. 1-3 at the Kenai Peninsula Fairgrounds, Ninilchik. The weather also is more likely to be less rainy in early July.
"We kept hearing from people not to be back-to-back with Salmonstock," said Rose Grech, KBBI development director. "It's tough for people to go to two music events one weekend to another."
In the early days of KBBI, COTL started as a way to say thank you to supporters after the fall membership drive, Grech said. KBBI celebrates its 35th anniversary this year, when on Aug. 9, 1979, it held its first broadcast (see story, page 2). KBBI general manager Dave Anderson said he thinks the first COTL was held in the fall of 1980, after the station moved to a building at its second studio site on the old Federal Aviation Administration land. Now known as the Town Center, the FAA land was later transferred to Cook Inlet Region Inc. That was the original "lawn" for Concert on the Lawn. Proceeds support KBBI, but the focus honors COTL's roots as a way for the station to show its appreciation to the town.
"It's a good public relations, marketing thing to give back to the community and support local musicians to have a place to play and a family friendly event," Grech said.
Now held at Karen Hornaday Park, COTL features two days of musical acts as well as food and craft vendors and nonprofit groups. Youth activities have been expanded, with HoWL — Homer Wilderness Leaders — providing two outdoor-oriented games. The Center for Alaskan Coastal Studies also will have a booth where kids can make musical instruments out of recycled materials, including marine debris. Children under 18 get in free if accompanied by guardians or pay $11 otherwise. COTL attracts a lot of teenagers in particular, Grech said.
"We really want a safe, fun place for teenagers to go to," she said.
Returning acts popular at COTL include Nervis Rex, Gary Sloan's American Music, The Pillage People, The Barroom Roses, Firelight and Los Holy Santos Gang. New this year is Blackwater Railroad Company, a folk rock band from Seward.
Two new Homer bands play, Slow Motion Riders, with Homer Council on the Arts youth artist of the year Patrick Latimer, a classic rock and blues band playing covers from Eric Clapton, Aerosmith, The Doobie Brothers and others. Also new at COTL is Raised by Humans with Kevin Duff, Dan Avendano, Justin Coz and Steven Rich.
"Each member of the band is a songwriter, which results in pluralistic contributions to the musical framework of the group," the band writes of itself.
There still may be slots available to volunteer and get free admission for a three-hour slot, Grech said. Sign up by the end of the day Friday. Volunteers also are needed after the show to pick up trash and take down tents.
Concert on the Lawn
1-10 p.m. Saturday
1-9 p.m. Sunday
Karen Hornaday Park
Gates open at noon
Tickets: $22 adults daily, $11 children under 18, children free if accompanied by a parent or guardian
Music schedule
Sat, July 12
Spur Highway Spankers
Hillary Arwen
Blackwater Railroad Company
Jon Crocker and Trina Uvass
Raised by Humans
Gary Sloan's American Music
Nervis Rex
The Quiet Cull
Sun, July 13
Todd Grebe and Cold Country
Amy Lou
Dan "Dirty D" Pascucci
The Slow Motion Riders
One Take
The Barroom Roses
Pillage People
Los Holy Santos Gang
No parking near fire hydrant west of Campground Road, in front of residences, at Kenai Physical Therapy, south side of Fairview, at Kachemak Bay Medical and at South Peninsula Hospital upper lots near hospital.
Parking OK at Homer Medical Clinic on
Sunday only.
Parking OK in South Peninsula Hospital lower lots.
Help needed for parking and security; shifts may be available in the evening. Sign up by Friday. If interested, contact Heather Reichenberg at firstname.lastname@example.com or call 399-0890.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
There's this corner of our home outside our master bedroom that I'd neglected for a long time. I had a hand me down chair there for years but a month ago I upgraded with a tufted linen wingback that I had been eying for months. It's now my new favorite spot!
It's a little corner upstairs where I can look down the hallway to see what the kids are up to but also a place to get caught up on reading or my shows on the iPad (I'm halfway through Season 2 of Scandal and I'm hooked – so good.)
My brother-in-law has a gorgeous black leather Eames and my sister scored a near perfect cognac leather wingback at a thrift store for her reading corner (lucky!). When the babies were little, I had an upholstered glider just like in Gigi's room where we would read every night and it was bliss.
Every home large or small deserves a great reading chair. Having a favorite place to sit for catching up on magazines, a novel, or Facebook updates on your laptop requires a few essentials: a cozy chair, a perch for your reading material and beverage (be it an accent or coffee table) and good lighting of course. I'm a throw blanket gal so I like having one of those to make the corner a tad cozier. Book storage nearby is a plus, lucky for me these bookcases in the guest room are just a few steps away.
Reading corners can be created in all kinds of styles from contemporary to transitional to cottage. Here are a few other favorites to inspire!
via Pinterest
Do you have a reading corner or favorite chair in your home where you love to sit? I'd love to see it, feel free to link in the comments!
** just discovered the tufted wingback in on sale today at Joss & Main (referral link).


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New rules are in effect for B.C. casinos to keep track of high rollers.
Effective Wednesday, all cash, bank drafts and certified cheque buy-ins worth $10,000 or more have to be accompanied by a receipt showing the financial institution, branch number and account number the money came from. B.C. Lottery Corporation says the rule also applies to a series of transactions by any player totalling more than $10,000 over a 24-hour period.
An investigation is triggered if the player won't provide the information or gives information that is "clearly suspicious," BCLC said in a statement.
The new rule is in addition to the detailed identification casino staff collect on customers spending more than $10,000. It is one of the interim recommendations provided by Peter German, an expert on money laundering hired last year by B.C. Attorney General David Eby to review the security at B.C. casinos. An earlier review discovered several suspicious transactions, including $13.5 million in $20 bills accepted at the River Rock Casino in Richmond in 2015.
German, a lawyer and former deputy commissioner of the RCMP, is expected to submit his final report this spring.


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Reviewed By: Leah on 10/11/16
The gps was helpful to have. We navigated solely with this, no paper maps since we were on a budget. Buying these maps is slightly misleading because you need to pay for an advanced version of the aps to access all of the maps feature. Maybe you will have better luck finding usable free aps.


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Has Fulltext
- yes (6)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (6)
Document Type
- Journal article (4)
- Conference Proceeding (2)
- English (6)
- DaTscan (3)
- Ioflupane (2)
- Parkinson (2)
- Parkinson Disease (2)
- Parkinson-Krankheit (2)
- Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie (2)
- molecular imaging (2)
- 123I-Ioflupane (1)
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen
EU-Project number / Contract (GA) number
- 701983 (6)
Objective: Radiotracers targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) have increasingly been recognized as showing uptake in a number of normal structures, anatomic variants, and non-prostate-cancer pathologies. We aimed to explore the frequency and degree of uptake in peripheral ganglia in patients undergoing PET with the PSMA-targeted agent \(^{18}\)F-DCFPyL.
Methods: A total of 98 patients who underwent \(^{18}\)F-DCFPyL PET/CT imaging were retrospectively analyzed. This included 76 men with prostate cancer (PCa) and 22 patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC; 13 men, 9 women). Scans were evaluated for uptake in the cervical, stellate, celiac, lumbar and sacral ganglia. Maximum standardized uptake value corrected to body weight (SUV\(_{max}\)), and maximum standardized uptake value corrected to lean body mass (SUL\(_{max}\)) were recorded for all ganglia with visible uptake above background. Ganglia-to-background ratios were calculated by dividing the SUV\(_{max}\) and SUL\(_{max}\) values by the mean uptake in the ascending aorta (Aortamean) and the right gluteus muscle (Gluteusmean).
Results: Overall, 95 of 98 (96.9%) patients demonstrated uptake in at least one of the evaluated peripheral ganglia. With regard to the PCa cohort, the most frequent sites of radiotracer accumulation were lumbar ganglia (55/76, 72.4%), followed by the cervical ganglia (51/76, 67.1%). Bilateral uptake was found in the majority of cases [lumbar 44/55 (80%) and cervical 30/51 (58.8%)]. Additionally, discernible radiotracer uptake was recorded in 50/76 (65.8%) of the analyzed stellate ganglia and in 45/76 (59.2%) of the celiac ganglia, whereas only 5/76 (6.6%) of the sacral ganglia demonstrated \(^{18}\)F-DCFPyL accumulation. Similar findings were observed for patients with RCC, with the most frequent locations of radiotracer uptake in both the lumbar (20/22, 90.9%) and cervical ganglia (19/ 22, 86.4%). No laterality preference was found in mean PSMA-ligand uptake for either the PCa or RCC cohorts.
Conclusion: As PSMA-targeted agents become more widely disseminated, the patterns of uptake in structures that are not directly relevant to patients' cancers must be understood. This is the first systematic evaluation of the uptake of \(^{18}\)F-DCFPyL in ganglia demonstrating a general trend with a descending frequency of radiotracer accumulation in lumbar, cervical, stellate, celiac, and sacral ganglia. The underlying biology that leads to variability of PSMA-targeted radiotracers in peripheral ganglia is not currently understood, but may provide opportunities for future research.
More than 25 years after the first peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), the concept of somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-directed imaging and therapy for neuroendocrine tumors (NET) is seeing rapidly increasing use. To maximize the full potential of its theranostic promise, efforts in recent years have expanded recommendations in current guidelines and included the evaluation of novel theranostic radiotracers for imaging and treatment of NET. Moreover, the introduction of standardized reporting framework systems may harmonize PET reading, address pitfalls in interpreting SSTR-PET/CT scans and guide the treating physician in selecting PRRT candidates. Notably, the concept of PRRT has also been applied beyond oncology, e.g. for treatment of inflammatory conditions like sarcoidosis. Future perspectives may include the efficacy evaluation of PRRT compared to other common treatment options for NET, novel strategies for closer monitoring of potential side effects, the introduction of novel radiotracers with beneficial pharmacodynamic and kinetic properties or the use of supervised machine learning approaches for outcome prediction. This article reviews how the SSTR-directed theranostic concept is currently applied and also reflects on recent developments that hold promise for the future of theranostics in this context.
We aimed to (a) elucidate the concordance of visual assessment of an initial I-ioflupane scan by a human interpreter with comparison to results using a fully automatic semiquantitative method and (b) to assess the accuracy compared to follow-up (f/u) diagnosis established by movement disorder specialists.
An initial I-ioflupane scan was performed in 382 patients with clinically uncertain Parkinsonian syndrome. An experienced reader performed a visual evaluation of all scans independently. The findings of the visual read were compared with semiquantitative evaluation. In addition, available f/u clinical diagnosis (serving as a reference standard) was compared with results of the human read and the software.
When comparing the semiquantitative method with the visual assessment, discordance could be found in 25 (6.5%) of 382 of the cases for the experienced reader (ĸ = 0.868). The human observer indicated region of interest misalignment as the main reason for discordance. With neurology f/u serving as reference, the results of the reader revealed a slightly higher accuracy rate (87.7%, ĸ = 0.75) compared to semiquantification (86.2%, ĸ = 0.719, P < 0.001, respectively). No significant difference in the diagnostic performance of the visual read versus software-based assessment was found.
In comparison with a fully automatic semiquantitative method in I-ioflupane interpretation, human assessment obtained an almost perfect agreement rate. However, compared to clinical established diagnosis serving as a reference, visual read seemed to be slightly more accurate as a solely software-based quantitative assessment.
Even as medical data sets become more publicly accessible, most are restricted to specific medical conditions. Thus, data collection for machine learning approaches remains challenging, and synthetic data augmentation, such as generative adversarial networks (GAN), may overcome this hurdle. In the present quality control study, deep convolutional GAN (DCGAN)-based human brain magnetic resonance (MR) images were validated by blinded radiologists. In total, 96 T1-weighted brain images from 30 healthy individuals and 33 patients with cerebrovascular accident were included. A training data set was generated from the T1-weighted images and DCGAN was applied to generate additional artificial brain images. The likelihood that images were DCGAN-created versus acquired was evaluated by 5 radiologists (2 neuroradiologists [NRs], vs 3 non-neuroradiologists [NNRs]) in a binary fashion to identify real vs created images. Images were selected randomly from the data set (variation of created images, 40%-60%). None of the investigated images was rated as unknown. Of the created images, the NRs rated 45% and 71% as real magnetic resonance imaging images (NNRs, 24%, 40%, and 44%). In contradistinction, 44% and 70% of the real images were rated as generated images by NRs (NNRs, 10%, 17%, and 27%). The accuracy for the NRs was 0.55 and 0.30 (NNRs, 0.83, 0.72, and 0.64). DCGAN-created brain MR images are similar enough to acquired MR images so as to be indistinguishable in some cases. Such an artificial intelligence algorithm may contribute to synthetic data augmentation for "data-hungry" technologies, such as supervised machine learning approaches, in various clinical applications.


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When it comes to having personal transportation pods running overhead along areas of Fayetteville, the proposed JPod monorail system will have to make do on private property. That was the consensus at the Fayetteville City Council retreat held Feb. 22.
A proposal earlier this month from Atlanta-based JPods Corp. president Bill James to council members outlined a demonstration project for a type of monorail system, one that would use solar power to operate to move small cars, or pods, across portions of the city. The pods would carry a maximum of six people or cargo to various destinations outfitted with the system.
The proposal for Fayetteville is essentially a demonstration project, James said, noting that private funds would be used for the project that could cost up to $100 million. Those funds would come from British-based Equilty Capital, James said. A successful demonstration project would pave the way for larger projects in much larger cities across the country and abroad, James told council members, adding that it would also pave the way for much larger funding from both private and other sources.
But when it came to the retreat discussion that would potentially appoint a committee to study the feasibility of the proposal, the conversation stayed on topic rather than having Mayor Greg Clifton and councilmen Walt White and Larry Dell exchange words as had been done both in the Feb. 7 meeting and in the newspaper.
Generally put, the consensus at the retreat centered on the idea that such a demonstration project would be better suited on private property, not on city property or city right-of-way.
Dell said the project could be fine for a college campus or a military base.
Councilman Ed Johnson said he thought the idea was innovative though it would be better to have the demonstration project on private sector property.
The consensus had Clifton at the end of the brief discussion saying it would be better for JPod Corp. to pursue a participant from the private sector, adding that there is no current need for a city committee to be established to study the proposal.


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"This one is going to solidify me as champion and let everyone know that
'Listen – Chris Weidman wasn't a fluke. He's going to be a guy that's
going to be on top for a long time.'" - Chris Weidman
Heading into his matchup with Anderson Silva, Chris Weidman said he was going to emerge as the new middleweight champion.
"I love the fact that people think he's that good, and I have this opportunity to show them how good I am. I want to be that mystical creature," he said in this space prior to UFC 162 six months ago.
"I know what I can do, and I know what I'm capable of based on the things I do in training and how hard I work every day. The fact that other people are so into this mystical creature that is Anderson Silva, that makes me even more excited to go out there and kind of disprove that, and shock the world."
It wasn't the usual pre-fight proclamation – the one uttered by every fighter preparing to step into the cage; the one that rings hollow half of the time. The unbeaten fighter from Baldwin, New York spoke in measured tones and tempo, the words uttered no differently than if he were giving you directions back to the highway.
He wasn't Chael Sonnen playing a carnival barker – selling the fight at the highest volume possible, with catchphrases and bravado, promising a victory when defeat seemed imminent. He wasn't willing the words through chattering teeth and a forced assuredness either, like countless others who made the same declaration before him.
When he talked about his impending showdown with the long-reigning middleweight champion, Weidman spoke with respect for his iconic opponent, but also had an unwavering confidence in his ability to succeed where 14 other competitors in 16 fights spread over seven years had come up short.
He told everyone he was going to beat Silva and become the new UFC middleweight champion, and then he stepped into the Octagon and did just that. > Watch: Fight Flashback
"It feels good when you prove yourself right," Weidman says of his championship victory at UFC 162. "I had been telling people I was going to do it – I knew I could do it – but there's always a question about going out there and doing it. So going out there and accomplishing my goals, showing that I had the talent and the hard work to do it was a good feeling."
In the immediate wake of his victory and every time discussions of their rematch have risen, a familiar narrative emerges – "Well it wouldn't have happened if…"
Despite the fact that Weidman controlled the opening frame with his wrestling and finished the fight a little over a minute into the second round, many of the conversations about his championship victory are framed by declarations that Silva gave the bout away by doing the same "drop my hands and clown" routine he's done numerous times in the past.
In the six months since his victory, Weidman has had to listen to it all.
He's heard fans and critics describing his championship victory as a fluke – giving Silva the lion's share of the responsibility for the outcome, rather than crediting the new champion for doing what no one else had been able to do.
And that is why he's so excited about Saturday night's rematch.
Though Silva briefly flirted with the idea of not pursuing a second battle with Weidman, "The Spider" eventually set his sights on avenging his first and only UFC defeat.
It's an opportunity Weidman welcomes readily, having felt like his performance in the first fight wasn't as good as it could have been. Considering he controlled the fight from start to finish, that's an intriguing proposition to ponder heading into Saturday night's championship rematch.
"I just think my last fight I was a little sluggish," begins the undefeated champion. "I had a year off (before the last fight). This fight, you're going to see the best Chris Weidman, and I'm excited to go out there and show that. I'm ready for a war, but I'm going in there for the finish, and I feel like if I don't finish him in a more exciting fashion this time, I'm going to be disappointed."
Although it was a major talking point heading into the bout, the fact that Weidman entered the cage and upset Silva at UFC 162 after a 360-day layoff – "And two surgeries!" – has gotten buried leading up to UFC 168. > Watch: Weidman submits Jesse Bongfeldt
That doesn't bother the unflappable Weidman – nothing seems to. As much as he's annoyed by the "UFC 168: Silva's Revenge" feel tomorrow night's event has, the 29-year-old is singularly focused on putting forth any even more impressive effort in the encore and answering the lingering questions hovering around his rivalry with Silva once and for all.
"I'm in amazing shape right now, and I just feel like I'm going to see everything he's doing on the feet, and that I have an answer for everything. If we were in a boxing match, I feel like I would beat him in a boxing match. I feel very comfortable everywhere – on the feet, on the ground. I'm just going to try to mentally break him – mentally and physically break him.
"Whether I'm sparring, doing jiu-jitsu, wrestling, or kickboxing, it's just what is built into me – it's a habit – and there is no better person to be able to do that to than Anderson Silva because everybody thinks he's unbeatable and everybody thinks it's a fluke that I beat him last time, so I'm excited to go out there and let people know the reality of the situation." > Watch: Chris Weidman Live Chat
For the new champion, that means chasing new goals, reaching new milestones, and proving to all the critics and doubters that his first victory over Silva wasn't a result of luck.
"This one is going to solidify me as champion and let everyone know that 'Listen – Chris Weidman wasn't a fluke. He's going to be a guy that's going to be on top for a long time and has a big future,'" he says of the UFC's final fight of 2013. "I want to be known as one of the greatest of all-time, and I want to hold the belt longer than Anderson Silva held the belt.
"There are no more arguments," he adds, his voice filling with emotion and energy for the first time. "There's no more Team Weidman, Team Anderson Silva, was it a fluke? There's no more arguing – on December 28th, the question will be answered."
Jamahal Hill Talks UFC 300 Main Event
Hall Of Fame


text:
Recently, in Japan, the United States, South Korea, the rise of water in water (also known as China hydrogen rich water machine), the media have pointed out that this is the overseas purchasing toilet cover, electric third was considered a popular rice cooker after explosion. Then, the water in the water is really so magical? How do we to drink?
In fact, as this kind of water and everyone thought so mysterious, in Japan and other countries have been popular for more than ten years, but in recent years, with the rise of cross-border, water in the cup and the toilet cover and the cooker, the hot sales state. "Quality decision body", but it can really understand the water of life, is not much, the importance of health people so called water is the "forgotten nutrients". This point is true at all, you may wish to carefully look down.
The secret: the water in glass industry flourished the mystery of "jinboshi" hydro cup is popular in Japan, South Korea, the classic beauty of expensive health fashion. After nearly 20 years of development and change of the market, in 2016, the water cup into the hot stage was hitherto unknown, the supermarket shelves empty pin, the electricity supplier channels tumbled, today the industry is still a mystery. In fact, when the water in the cup to understand the performance, or to reveal this mystery.
Research shows that more than 90% of the human energy is created by mitochondria. Stimulate mitochondrial activity of water, namely "mitochondrial activity water". "This," water by electrolysis of water medium in water, purify water, remove residual chlorine. This water in water, not only clean, hydrogen energy. The water is showing small molecules in living water masses, negative ion absorption depth 80%, purify the blood, the blood flow and metabolism, prevention of various diseases, improve the health of human body.
Related scholars and experts more than once in a variety of occasions that hydrogen can prevention and treatment of diseases related to academic papers, even Chinese Academy of engineering, the famous scientist Zhong Nanshan said in an interview, the respected hydrogen treatment of various diseases, perhaps it is to join these national scientists, let the water element water science principle is guaranteed in the process of industrialization, the great breakthrough, with impressive results. The related research shows that the water in water to strengthen the nerve conduction process, promote the differentiation of neural stem cells directly improve red blood cell oxygen, quickly improve blood running. Can improve the pancreatic B cells dormant, significantly increased glucose metabolism. Anti mitochondrial oxidation, to ensure effective supply of energy. The body can enhance the genetic factor -- DNA stability, prevent its gradual decomposition, so the growth of malignant cells can hinder Grooming people. The gas operation, increase vitality, can desalt splash, moisturizing brightening, anti-aging and beauty. Can relieve fatigue, sub-health conditioning: row stool, relieve drunken discomfort, stop diarrhea, end obesity. Endocrine regulation: regulating menstruation, delayed menopause. Have clinical value, can treat cerebral injury brain disease, improve heart, liver and other organ function, can prolong the life (extended charge enzyme telomerase length.) and so on.
In fact, the official scientific expression of some jerky, that can be understood by our people, that is, the water in the water is not a "water" in medical research has been confirmed, but in life, he can do is drink for a long time, real good for your health.
What's app:0086-15915736889
Copyright © 2013-2014 Hydrogen water machine and bottle manufactuer factory All Rights Reserved.


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Spongia is not a chemical substance. It is derived from the animal kingdom, but because its symptoms are closely allied with those of the halogens, it is convenient to study the drug here. Spongia contains iodine, also some bromine and some calcareous matter, and probably other ingredients of minor importance. Spongia has not the same symptoms as Iodine. In the first place, it is adapted to light-complexioned persons and it has not the same property of producing plastic or fibrous exudates that Iodine has. It acts, however, on very similar structures to those influenced by the halogens, especially the glandular system and mucous surfaces. We find it of service in tuberculosis, and we shall find it invaluable in the treatment of heart disease.
First, let us study its action on the gland's: It is indicated just as are the halogens in indurations and enlargement of the glands. Thus we find it indicated in goitre. The swelling is hard and large, one or both sides are swollen sometimes even with the chin, and particularly is this associated with suffocating spells at night. This suffocation does not come alone from the size of the goitre, because some very small goitres give rise to this symptom in a very great degree. I would also call your attention to the fact that goitres will vary in size at different times. They will be larger at one time than another. It is said that they increase and decrease with the moon. It has, therefore, been suggested that you give Spongia, or whatever drug you select, with the waning moon. In this way you hurry its decline.
Spongia acts just as powerfully as the halogens on the testicles, producing hardness and swelling of these glands. It is particularly useful in cases of maltreated orchitis or inflammation of the testicle after checked gonorrhoea. There is a peculiar sort of squeezing pain in the testicle and cord, worse on any motion of the body or clothing.
In cases of orchitis, our first remedy is not Spongia. PULSATILLA stands at the head of the list, and next to it, we may rank HAMAMELIS or witch-hazel. The latter drug should be used both locally and internally. It relieves the intense soreness and enables the patient to attend to his duties. Still another remedy is MERCURIUS SOLUBILIS, particularly when what little gonorrhoeal discharge is present, is yellowish-green.
Still another remedy in the very beginning is GELSEMIUM.
When, however, you have this peculiar screwing-like, squeezing pain in the cord and testicle, with hardness there, Spongia comes in as one of our best drugs.
We find Spongia indicated in acute laryngitis. This is an alarming disease. We find Spongia indicated after Aconite when there are harsh, barking cough and suffocative spells during sleep arousing the patient.
The larynx is extremely sensitive to the touch. Do not give LACHESIS in these cases, for the sensitiveness is not due to hyperaesthesia of the cutaneous nerves, but it is the result of the inflamed condition of the laryngeal cartilages. If the patient turns his head, the movement will bring on a suffocative spell.
Now there is another remedy that I would have you remember in this connection, and that is SAMBUCUS. This is useful when these spasms of the larynx occur frequently during the course of acute laryngitis.
You will find the same symptoms that suggest Spongia in laryngitis, also indicate it in laryngeal phthisis.
I will not speak of the application of Spongia to croup, because I gave that to you in the early part of this lecture when speaking of Bromine and Iodine.
We come next to the lungs. We find Spongia indicated in consumption of the lungs, in true tuberculosis. It is especially called for in the beginning of the stage of solidification of the lung tissue. You find the apices of one or both lungs dull on percussion. The cough is of a hard, ringing, metallic character. It is excited by deep breathing or by talking, by dry, cold winds, seldom by damp weather or by any little excitement. It is relieved for awhile by eating or drinking. ANACARDIUM also has this same symptom, eating relieves the cough. There is a great deal of congestion of the chest, especially when the patient is moving about, walking in the street for instance. This is accompanied by sudden weakness as if the patient would fall. In such cases, Spongia has cured when given early.
It is well followed by HEPAR when the same kind of cough continues, but with rather more rattling of mucus, more production of phlegm, whether blood-streaked or not. The symptoms are worse towards morning, while with Spongia they, are worse before midnight. You find, too, that the Spongia patient is subject to frequent flashes of heat in these phthisical cases, and these return whenever he thinks about them. He also experiences a chill which usually commences across the back. He shakes even when near a warm stove. The heat which follows is all over the body except the thighs, which remain numb and chilly.
Spongia is useful in organic affections of the heart. The patient cannot lie flat on the back with the head low without bringing on a spell of suffocation. He is frequently, aroused from sleep as if smothering. He sits up in bed with an anxious look and flushed face, and rapid, hard breathing.
You will find a loud, blowing sound over one or the other valve. Spongia is particularly indicated after ACONITE. Here there is the same arousing from sleep with great distress, the face is red and there is probably great congestion of the chest. Aconite suits only the hyperaemia that precedes endocarditis. Spongia comes in when exudation has commenced and the mischief has been already done. While it does not remove the deposit, it prevents the disease from advancing. In treating heart cases do not begin too soon with LAOHESIS, HYDROCYANIC, ACID or ARSENICUM. Begin rather with ACONITE, SPONGIA, SPIGELIA, BRYONIA or PHOSPHORUS. Arsenic and such remedies come in later. If you give them too soon you weaken the patient. Unless you have a complete picture for the remedy, do not give in the first stages one usually indicated in the last stages of a disease.
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Homoeopathy is a system of alternative medicine that is based on the concept of "like cures like." It uses highly diluted substances that are believed to cause similar symptoms as the illness being treated.
There are many online homoeopathic Materia medica, which are resources that list and describe the properties and uses of different homoeopathic remedies. Some popular online homoeopathic Materia medica include:
Boericke's Materia Medica: A comprehensive reference guide to homoeopathic remedies, including information on their uses, indications, and dosages.
Clarke's Dictionary of Homeopathic Materia Medica: A well-respected and widely used reference that includes information on the symptoms that each remedy is used to treat.
Homeopathic Materia Medica by William Boer Icke: A popular homoeopathic reference book that provides in-depth information on a wide range of remedies, including their indications, symptoms, and uses.
The Complete Repertory by Roger van Zandvoort: A comprehensive online reference that provides information on remedies, symptoms, and indications, and allows users to search for treatments based on specific symptoms.
There are many writers who have contributed to the development of homoeopathic materia medica. Some of the most well-known include:
Samuel Hahnemann: The founder of homoeopathy, Hahnemann wrote extensively about the use of highly diluted substances in treating illness. He is best known for his work "Organon of the Medical Art," which outlines the principles of homoeopathy.
James Tyler Kent: Kent was an American homoeopathic physician who is known for his contributions to homoeopathic materia medica. He wrote "Repertory of the Homeopathic Materia Medica," which is still widely used today.
William Boericke: Boericke was an Austrian-American homoeopathic physician who wrote the "Pocket Manual of Homeopathic Materia Medica." This book is considered one of the most comprehensive and widely used homoeopathic reference books.
George Vithoulkas: Vithoulkas is a Greek homoeopathic physician and teacher who has written several books on homoeopathic materia medica, including "The Science of Homeopathy" and "Essence of Materia Medica."
Robin Murphy: Murphy is an American homoeopathic physician who has written several books on homoeopathic materia medica, including "Homeopathic Clinical Repertory" and "Homeopathic Medical Repertory."


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Seattle University
Feel the Music
Describe a place or environment where you are perfectly content. What do you do or experience there, and why is it meaningful to you?
The piano is predictable. If I hit the right key, it will play the same note every time, and if I play a song correctly, there will always be harmony. Life is unpredictable and always changing; thus, the piano is a logical safe haven. The piano is my happy place, be it the one in my home or the one in my church. Life will happen as it may, but the piano is always there for me.
Simple notes ring under my fingers before developing into a slow and more complex melody, which tells the story of two in love, struggling to not give up. This is "Falling Slowly," my favorite song to play on the piano. The song crescendos with emotion as I pour myself into the music. I have played this song and others multiple times on the piano for over seven years.
Being a part of music in my church youth choir, recitals, or high school marching band, has taught me how to work with other people in a unified goal of either performing or sharing our faith. Musical group performance allows me the perspective of blending in, when I have spent much of my life standing out. What sets me apart is that I am deaf.
Being a deaf musician appears an oxymoron, yet Bach once said that being a musician "is nothing remarkable, […] all one has to do is hit the right notes...
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You gotta love a party in which Mitt Romney can do no better than virtually tie with the guy who compared gays to "man on dog" sex and thinks contraception is evil.
I would have never guessed Rick Santorum would be so happy about two men being tied up together. The former senator tangled with Romney atop the Iowa caucuses by following the Frank Finkel strategy. Finkel was the only man in George Custer's C Company to survive the Battle of Little Bighorn. He survived not because he was especially crafty or brave. It was just that his horse couldn't get him to the battle on time. Following the Finkel strategy, Santorum avoided the media crossfire, arriving at the battle too late to be killed. But fear not, dear reader, there are many battles to come.
So while the winner of Iowa in terms of expectations is Santorum, the story is the man he basically tied: Mitt Romney. Not to put too fine a point on it, but when you can't beat the Man-on-Dog guy, who lost his home state by 18 percent, you stink. You really stink.
Perhaps Romney takes some solace in the fact that he barely edged out Ron Paul, the cranky septuagenarian who thinks the Federal Reserve is a greater threat than Iran. Ron Paul, who got just 10 percent of the vote in the 2008 Iowa caucuses, more than doubled his support this time around, despite news coverage of his racist newsletters.
Romney, who has to my knowledge never published any racist newsletters, did not show similar improvement. Four years ago, Romney received 25 percent of the vote in the Iowa caucuses. Unencumbered by the need for gainful employment, Romney has been running nonstop ever since, and, along with a pro-Romney super PAC, spent at least $4 million in Iowa in 2012. Yet he garnered—wait for it—25 percent. I'm not a Harvard Business School grad like Mitt; in fact, I've never even laid anyone off, but it seems to me that spending $4 million to gain zero points is a bad return on investment. That is one expensive treadmill. I've seen Astroturf with stronger growth.
I don't think Romney has accomplished the thing he most needs: humanizing. He began running in Iowa almost five years ago as a slick, phony robot; a heartless, bloodless, humorless CEO. After all those years and all those millions, well, you be the judge. Has he warmed up? Sure, he shifted from consultant-tested suits and ties to consultant-tested open-collar shirts. But that's like switching from 2 percent milk to skim.
The Romney-inevitability stories will now be tempered by chin-stroking about the candidate's weakness. He is basically tied with a guy who supports banning contraception and another guy who attacks the 1964 Civil Rights Act. If Mitt Romney can't beat them, he ought to find another party to run in.
Yet even Romney's weak opponents are dragging him further to the right. Romney's full-throated endorsement of House budget chairman Paul Ryan's budget could give the Obama campaign a gold mine of attacks: that Romney wants to essentially end Medicare, cut taxes on millionaires and billionaires, and slash everything from Pell grants and Medicaid to food stamps and housing assistance.
There is something that doesn't love Mitt Romney. Right now that something is the GOP base. It would be ironic if Romney's futile attempt to earn the love of Republican activists makes it impossible for him to win the affections of independents as well.


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Running & Installing PostgreSQL On Native Windows
Supported Platforms
What versions of Windows does PostgreSQL run on?
PostgreSQL is supported on Windows XP and above, at least as of version 9.0. It will run on 32 and 64 bit systems.
Versions of the server are not tested on new operating system versions that are released after a newer major version of the server was released. For example, Windows 7 was released after PostgreSQL 8.4, so PostgreSQL 8.3 will not be supported on it. Similarly, when the upcoming RHEL 6 is released, only PostgreSQL 9.0.x will be supported on it. We aim to support new versions of Windows in the PostgreSQL major version following their release at the latest.
For information about platforms supported by the One-click installer, please see the installer download page, off the main download page for windows.
For information on non-Windows platforms see the main FAQ and the main download page.
What Windows platforms are NOT supported?
The PostgreSQL installers are not tested or supported on:
- Windows XP Embedded
- Windows 2000
- Windows NT 4
- Windows NT 3.5.x
- Windows 95/98/ME/3.x
- Windows CE
- Windows Mobile
These platforms are not supported. Please do not ask the mailing list for help with any of these platforms.
Please read the troubleshooting notes on installation on embedded versions of windows for some more information about embedded windows.
I heard that NT4 and Windows 2000 are supported. Is that true?
Although not officially supported, PostgreSQL may run on Windows NT4 and Windows 2000 with a few minor issues including:
- The installer may not work correctly, thus you will need to install PostgreSQL manually from the binary .zip release, or compile it yourself.
- PostgreSQL uses a feature in the NTFS filesystem called 'reparse points' to implement tablespaces. Reparse points are not available in NT4, hence tablespaces cannot be used on NT4.
- There is no 'runas.exe' included in Windows NT4 as standard, making it difficult to start PostgreSQL from an administrative account.
It should also be noted that very little testing has been done on NT4.
- No testing is done on Windows NT 4 or Windows 2000, so newer versions may not work on these platforms.
Please do not ask for help with these obsolete platforms on the mailing list. Some of the professional support companies may be able to assist you, though.
What about Windows 95/98/ME?
PostgreSQL requires functionality that is not available on these platforms and will not run on them. If you need to run PostgreSQL on these platforms, you can look at the Cygwin port, which has basic support for 9x platforms.
Is there a 64-bit build of PostgreSQL for Windows?
Yes. A 64bit Windows port was released for PostgreSQL 9.0.
32-bit builds of previous versions of PostgreSQL generally run fine on 64-bit Windows. Though they cannot practically use more than about 1GB of shared_buffers directly, they can still benefit from more than 4GB of memory because the Windows kernel will use that memory to cache disk reads.
What about 64-bit ODBC drivers?
At time of writing there was 64-bit support in the psqlODBC source code, but no official binary releases of 64-bit ODBC drivers. Check the psqlODBC website for details.
What do I need to install PostgreSQL on Windows?
See the PostgreSQL for Windows download page for various ways to download and install PostgreSQL on Windows.
The easiest way to install PostgreSQL on Windows is with the One Click installer package maintained by EnterpriseDB, which you can get from the page linked to above. This will install PostgreSQL along with pgAdmin (a graphical administration and management program), a selection of 'contrib' modules to provide additional specialised functionality, and a choice of procedural languages. A program called StackBuilder will be installed to help you download and install any additional components, like ODBC or JDBC drivers, that you may need.
What do I need to compile PostgreSQL from source code?
See the documentation for instructions on how to compile PostgreSQL for windows, including details about supported compilers and tools.
Why do I need a non-administrator account to run PostgreSQL under?
When a hacker gains entry to a computer using a software bug in a package, she gains the permissions of the user account under which the service is run. Whilst we do not know of any such bugs in PostgreSQL, we enforce the use of a non-administrative service account to minimise the possible damage that a hacker could do should they find and utilise a bug in PostgreSQL to hack the system.
This has long been common practice in the Unix world, and is starting to become standard practice in the Windows world as well as Microsoft and other vendors work to improve the security of their systems.
Note, that with the release of PostgreSQL 8.2, it is possible to run under a administrative account. PostgreSQL 8.2 and above are able to irrevocably give up administrative rights at startup, thus ensuring the rest of the system remains secure in the extremely unlikely event that PostgreSQL becomes compromised.
Can I install PostgreSQL on a FAT partition?
Use of PostgreSQL on FAT32 file systems is not supported or tested, because FAT32 is a terrible file system on which to run any database.
PostgreSQL's number one priority is the integrity of your data. FAT and FAT32 filesystems simply do not offer the reliability or crash-safety required. In addition, the lack of security features offered by FAT make it impossible to secure the raw data files from unauthorised modification. Finally, PostgreSQL utilises a feature called 'reparse points' to implement tablespaces. This feature is not available on FAT partitions.
The NTFS file system is a journalled filesystem offering much better reliability and crash recovery. In addition, it has a comprehensive access control system and offers the reparse point functionality used by PostgreSQL.
For this reason, the PostgreSQL installer package will not initialise a database cluster on anything but an NTFS partition. The server and utilities may be installed on any partition type.
It is recognised however, that in rare cases FAT partitions may be the only choice. In such cases, you can simply install PostgreSQL as normal, but without initialising the database cluster. When the installation has finished, manually run the 'initdb.exe' program on the FAT partition. Security and reliability will be compromised however, and any attempts to create tablespaces will fail. Do not use PostgreSQL on FAT32 in production.
The most common reason people ask this is when they have a USB key or external hard drive and they want to put a PostgreSQL database on it. Don't do it. You can format USB keys and external hard drives with NTFS, and you should do so if you want to run a database on them. FAT is not crash-safe, and removing a hard drive without using "Safely remove..." in Windows counts as a crash as far as the hard drive is concerned. Corruption is extremely likely. It is very important to reformat a removable drive with NTFS if it is to be used with PostgreSQL to store any data you care about.
What filesystem permissions does PostgreSQL require?
The PostgreSQL service account needs read permissions on all directories leading up to the service directory. It needs write permissions only on the data directory. Specifically, it should not be granted anything other than read permissions on the directories containing binary files. (All directories below the installation directory are set by the installer, so unless you change something, there should be no problem with this).
PostgreSQL also needs read permissions on system DLL files like kernel32.dll and user32.dll (among others), which is normally granted by default, and on the CMD.EXE binary, which may in some scenarios be locked down and need opening.
If you are running PostgreSQL on a multi-user system, you should remove the permissions from all non-administrative users from the PostgreSQL directories. No user ever needs permissions on the PostgreSQL files - all communication is done through the libpq connection. Direct access to data files can lead to information disclosure or system instability!
Why can't I select Unicode as an encoding?
Starting with PostgreSQL 8.1, the UTF-8 unicode encoding is fully supported on Windows. The Unicode ODBC driver supports UTF-16, and the JDBC driver also has full unicode support.
The PostgreSQL server does not support the 2-byte UTF-16 or 4-byte UTF-32 Unicode encodings for internal data storage or on-the-wire communication. Beause UTF-16 is the default encoding on Windows, and what people on Windows usually mean when they say "Unicode", you might expect this to be a problem, but in practice it's fine, as the ODBC and JDBC drivers take care of this. Programs using libpq directly need to be aware of this, but not much else does.
I installed in a non-english language, but all messages show up in english!
The language choice made during the installation only selects which language is used by the installer. To change the language of the messages of the installed product, make sure you have installed the National language support feature. Then edit your postgresql.conf file and change the value of the lc_messages parameter to the language you want.
Common installation errors
PostgreSQL and/or the installer crashes at startup, fails to start or hangs on start
By far most common reasons for installation and runtime problems with PostgreSQL on Windows are Windows Scripting Host issues, antivirus software problems and 3rd-party (non-Microsoft) software firewalls. People also sometimes have trouble with the postgres service account password.
The following articles cover these issues. Please read them and follow their instructions before asking for help with installer problems.
Antivirus software
If you have any antivirus software installed, you must exclude the data directories that are to be used by PostgreSQL and must exclude postgresql.exe process. If that still does not help, it may be required to completely uninstall the antivirus software from the machine.
Antivirus software can interfere with PostgreSQL's operation, because PostgreSQL requires file access commands in Windows to behave exactly as documented by Microsoft, and many antivirus programs contain errors or accidental behavior changes that cause these commands to misbehave subtly. Most programs do not care because they access files in fairly simple ways. Because PostgreSQL is continuously reading from and writing to the same set of files from multiple processes, it tends to trigger programming and design mistakes in antivirus software, particularly problems related to concurrency. Such problems can cause random and unpredictable errors, or even data corruption.
Antivirus software is also likely to dramatically slow down PostgreSQL's operation. For that reason, you should at least exclude postgres.exe and the data directories so the scanner ignores them.
What Anti-Virus software is compatible?
The systems used to build the Windows installers all run either Sophos AV or AVG Free Edition, and those systems pass a full set of PostgreSQL regression tests running those programs. Microsoft Security Essentials is also known to work.
Specific issues have been reported with the nod32 antivirus product. If you are using this product, add "postmaster.exe" to the list of excluded processes (available under advanced options). This has been reported to fix the problem.
Specific issues have also been reported with McAfee and Panda anti-virus software and NetLimiter network monitoring software. While some people do have PostgreSQL working with these software packages, there is no specific or even recommend solutions that have not worked in some cases, so the issues would appear to be installation specific, sometimes even requiring uninstallation.
Software firewalls
If you have any 3rd-party firewall software installed on your machine, try either disabling it or uninstalling it. There's really no need for 3rd party firewalls on Windows XP and above, as the built-in firewall provided by Microsoft does an excellent job already. Some badly-written 3rd party firewalls do not uninstall correctly, so after uninstallation you might have to tell Windows to repair its network settings.
If you had a 3rd-party firewall and have now uninstalled it, make sure to turn Windows Firewall back on, as many products turn it off during installation and fail to turn it back on during uninstallation.
The installer exits with a runtime installation error?
The installer may exit with an error like: An error occured executing the Microsoft VC++ runtime installer. This can only happen on Windows.
There are two main reasons why this may occur:
1) The Windows Scripting Host is unable to execute VBscripts. This can occur if the scripting host is disabled (which is unusual), or if the installation is broken. A sign of this problem is a message like CScript Error: Can't find script engine "VBScript" for script "C:\.... It can often be resolved by re-registering the VBscript interpreter - click Start -> Run and enter the following and click OK:
regsvr32 %systemroot%\system32\vbscript.dll
If that fails, on older versions of Windows you can try updating the scripting host.
Also, make sure that the registry value in HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.vbs\(Default) is VBSFile. [1]
2) The installer is unable to properly read and write files to the system TEMP directory. This can occur if the TEMP or TMP environment variables are set to non-standard values, and can be recognised by errors in the logfile indicating that scripts could not be executed or found. To resolve this issue, ensure the TEMP and TMP variables are set to their correct values.
Trouble with passwords for the postgres user
Dave Page wrote a blog post explaining what the different passwords are used for, and how to overcome common problems such as resetting them.
PATH environment variable
There is also an issue if you have installed cygwin, and the cygwin\bin directory is present in the system PATH variable. There are DLL files in the cygwin directory related to interpreted languages (TCL, perl, python) that contain bugs that can cause the installer or the installed version of PostgreSQL to either hang or crash. Remove the cygwin\bin directory from your path before running the installer!
Problems have also been observed when the PATH environment variable contains directories containing versions of libssl and/or libintl.
I'm getting permissions errors when installing/running initdb
Make sure the PostgreSQL service account has permissions on the directories leading up to the one you have installed into. The installer will set permissions on the install directory but not on parent directories of it.
You may also see related errors show up as "The database Cluster initialisation failed" during the One Click installer.
Check your install-postgresql log but it is usually related to permission errors. The following thread may help,
Or alternatively, you can fix up the directory permissions and then manually restart the initcluster.vbs script like this for v9,
cscript //NoLogo "<install_path>/installer/server/initcluster.vbs" "postgres" "postgres" "<password>" "<install_path>" "<data_path>" 5432 "DEFAULT"
Check the %COMSPEC% environment variable
Some Windows installations seem to land up with an incorrect %COMSPEC% environment variable that prevents the execution of initdb.
In a command prompt, run:
echo %COMSPEC%
You should get something like:
(Where C:\Windows is your Windows install location).
If you see something else, check the System control panel, and in the Environment section check for COMSPEC. If its value there is wrong:
- Make a system restore point; and
- Back up your computer; then
- Change it in the system environment settings, so it points to the correct location of cmd.exe
You can test to make sure it's right by:
- Opening a new cmd.exe prompt (not re-using one that was already open); and
- Running
"%COMSPEC%" /C "echo test ok"
It should print "test ok".
The installer claims the specified account is an administrator, but it isn't!
Most likely, the specified account is an administrator or power user, even though you aren't aware of it. The check used by the installer specifically checks for membership in the Administrators or Power Users group. Work your way backwards using Local Users and Groups - open the Administrators group, see who's a member. Then check any groups (domain or local) that are a member of the Administrators group, and any groups members of that group etc. PostgreSQL checks any level of nested groups.
I'm getting an error message that says PostgreSQL cannot be installed from a Terminal Services session
This is unfortunately so. The PostgreSQL backend won't run from a TS session, and in order to do initdb the installer has to start a standalone backend. Therefore, installation has to be performed from the console. Note that if you are using Windows Server 2003, you can get remote access to the actual console and not just an administrative session. To do this, start the Remote Desktop Connection by executing mstsc /console, and then connect as usual. This will lock the local console of the server and give you control over that session. In this scenario, PostgreSQL should install just fine.
I get the error "the user has not been granted the requested logon type at this computer" or similar
Make sure the specified PostgreSQL account has the "Log on as a service" and "Log on locally" rights. The "Log on locally" is only required for the install part, and can be removed once the installation is completed if security policies require it. (Rights are granted and revoked using the "Local Security Policy" MMC snapin. "Log on locally" is default, and "Log on as a service" will normally be granted automatically by the installer).
If you still have this problem, enable auditing (also using the "Local Security Policy" snapin) and let us know what other rights were required in your setup.
Note that if your computer is a member of a domain, the settings of the security policies may be controlled at the domain level using Group Policy.
How do I delete the service account - it's not listed under users!
Windows sometimes hide some accounts from the GUI tools, so they cannot be removed from there. This includes the auto-created service account for PostgreSQL (that may be left over from a previous installation). To delete this account, use the NET command on the commandline:
NET USER <username> /DELETE
Where <username> is the windows login name of the user, for example postgres.
Common runtime issues
I'm getting "dynamic load error" when installing a procedural language
Most commonly this means that the actual language DLL for the procedural language is missing. The PostgreSQL DLLs only contains the language bindings, and require the language distribution DLLs to be present in the system PATH. For a list of the current required DLLs for the different procedural languages, please see the installation instructions.
To find out exactly which DLL files are missing, you can use the depends tool from Microsoft. It is available in the Windows Support Tools, that are on the Windows CD as a separate install. Just run depends plpython.dll (for PL/python) to show which imports are missing.
I'm seeing a lot of postgres.exe processes even though I only started the server once
This is normal. PostgreSQL uses a multi-process architecture. In an empty system you will see anything from two to five processes. Once clients start to connect, the number of processes will increase.
How do I set an environment variable?
PostgreSQL uses environment variables for several settings. To change an environment variable in most Windows versions, go into Properties for My Computer, then into Advanced. Note that there are two sets of environment variables - one for the system which applies to all users and one for the current user. If you want an environment variable to affect the PostgreSQL service, you must change the system variable. After changing a system variable, you must restart the service.
I cannot run with more than about 125 connections at once, despite having capable hardware
When running as a service, you may experience failures with more than approximately 125 simultaneous connections. This can happen because some of the libraries that PostgreSQL is dependent on are dependent on user32.dll which allocates memory from an area known as the Desktop Heap. The desktop heap is assigned to each logon session, with non-interactive sessions typically being assigned 512KB. Each postgres process that runs typically consumes approximately 3.2KB of desktop heap, which coupled with other overhead can exhaust the allocated heap at somewhere around 125 connections. This doesn't happen when running from the command line (or more precisely, happens with much higher numbers of connections) because the interactive logon session is typically allocated 3MB of Desktop Heap.
You can increase the non-interactive Desktop Heap by modifying the third SharedSection value in the registry as described in this Microsoft Knowledgebase article. Note that this should be done with great care as specifying a value that is excessively high may prevent your system from booting.
Windows version-specific issues
Can I install a 32-bit PostgreSQL on 64-bit Windows?
Recent 32-bit versions of PostgreSQL (8.3 and newer) can be installed and used on 64-bit Windows XP and above, though they retain the 32-bit limits on maximum process address space (and thus shared memory).
You can connect to the 32-bit postgresql server from 64-bit programs on the computer the server is running on or other computers if a 64-bit libpq or psqlODBC driver is installed where the program is running.
Because 32-bit versions of the PostgreSQL server only install a 32-bit libpq and pgsqlODBC, only 32-bit programs on the computer the server was installed on can use the database unless a 64-bit ODBC driver or libpq is installed as an add-on.
Where is the PostgreSQL ODBC driver? I'm running 32-bit PostgreSQL on 64-bit Windows
You need to use the 32-bit ODBC administrator to set up data sources for 32-bit applications using 32-bit drivers.
Unless you've also installed a 64-bit version of psqlODBC, a 32-bit install of PostgreSQL will only have a 32-bit ODBC driver. The 32-bit ODBC driver may only be used by 32-bit programs, and will not show up in the 64-bit ODBC administrator.
This gets confusing because on 64-bit windows c:\windows\system32\odbcad32
is the 64-bit
ODBC driver administrator, despite the name. This is a historical artifact of Windows development.
Apparently many apps and installers depend on odbcad32.exe having that name and path,
so Microsoft landed up being stuck with it despite the now-stupid name, which made sense back
in the 16- to 32-bit transition but makes none now. It's the same reason the
"system32" directory is still called that on 64-bit Windows. PostgreSQL can't do anything about this.
See: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/942976
You'll see in that article that the 32-bit ODBC administrator on 64-bit Windows is:
You can launch this from "Start->Run" using the path above. You will see the PostgreSQL ODBC drivers in the 32-bit ODBC administrator.
You 'can not' use a 32-bit ODBC driver in a 64-bit application. That means that you'll still only be able to use the PostgreSQL ODBC driver with 32-bit applications unless you install a 64-bit ODBC driver as well.
Can I use a 64-bit ODBC program with a 32-bit PostgreSQL server?
Only if you have a 64-bit [2] driver installed. See the installation section.