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The Age of the Unthinkable
The war on terror creates more terrorists. The push for Middle East peace sparks more conflict. Radical remedies for the financial crisis seem only to hasten recession.
These are the tragic paradoxes that mark our modern world, writes Joshua Cooper Ramo in The Age of the Unthinkable. The chief problem is that foreign-policy elites don't see the world as it really is.
We wouldn't run a nuclear reactor relying only on Newtonian physics. So why do we run foreign affairs with a Napoleonic view of the world?
This is a book that sparkles with insight and imagination. You'll learn more about foreign policy from this text than you would in most university courses.
As a former journalist, Ramo seamlessly fuses the bird's-eye and worm's-eye views to render a compelling picture of global security threats.
Many authors could dispassionately distill the management lessons of the terrorist group Hezbollah. Few could do it while recounting the time they debated Ted Turner's religious orientation with Hezbollah fighters from the back seat of a navy blue BMW careening around tiny roads just a gunshot away from the Israeli border.
Even fewer could supplement those lessons with insights from the forests of Borneo, the habits of Asian mothers, and even Gertrude Stein's aesthetic. This is connect-the-dots writing at its best.
Ramo's study of the dangers we confront is at once sobering and hopeful. Take terrorism. A few dollars worth of box cutters and a fanatical vision was all it took to "beat" the greatest military force in history and take down the World Trade Center.
Today, several wars, agencies, and hundreds of billions of dollars later, we shouldn't assume that we can anticipate – let alone deter – the next attack. Yet that is what the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), in concert with other agencies, exists to do.
It's a hopeless mission, Ramo argues. We can't stop every strike. But we can boost our ability to absorb their effects. Doing so would spur us to invest in better education, transportation infrastructure, and national health coverage. DHS itself should be rechristened as DHR: Department of Homeland Resilience.
At first glance, those prescriptions seem trite – and some are undercooked – but Ramo is trying to help us recognize the power of slow, not fast, variables; the salience of background, not foreground; and the potentially destructive power of a single grain on the sand pile.
To survive and thrive in today's unpredictable world, Ramo urges us to aim for "deep security." Doing so requires a radical reorientation of our sense of safety.
In the game of Whac-a-Mole, traditional security tries to keep up with the randomly popping moles through better guessing and by honing reflexes to hit them faster. That just leads to exhaustion and failure. Deep security admits that one person can't keep up. It asks everyone at the arcade to help.
Some tilt the machine, some hack the computer's scoring, and others swarm overthe moles with dozens of small mallets.
Ramo's concept of deep security is rooted in the body's immune system. That may be an apt and reassuring analogy, but it's also controversial.
Strong immune systems are built on a cold Nietzschean logic: that which doesn't kill you makes you stronger. Thus, exposure to many moderate viruses is a good thing, no?
Just as no parent would sign off on that strategy, no politician would recommend that we stress our defenses to strengthen them. Yet Ramo reminds us of the tragic cost of warding off every threat.
In the real world, curbing every small fire makes a forest more vulnerable to a big blaze. Likewise, juicing the economy to retard even a mild recession – which the Federal Reserve has done for years – has arguably hampered our ability to deal with today's severe downturn.
Ramo isn't saying that we should be passive in the face of danger. He's saying:
•Don't be mesmerized by the most obvious – or most recent – threats. Look at the periphery.
•Be nimble, adaptable, resilient.
•Learn to see the signs of change and embrace it.
•Understand that small things can have big impacts.
•Don't fear chaos; work with it.
•Promote peer relationships and tap the wisdom of crowds.
•Don't beat your enemies; empathize with them and manipulate them.
•Be willing to give up grand strategies such as bringing democracy to the Middle East.
Essentially, Ramo is calling for geostrategic jujitsu. Indeed, many of his recommendations are rooted in East Asian thought and practice. That's understandable from a China hand who served as an analyst for NBC's coverage of the Beijing Olympics. But his warmth for Chinese wisdom leads him to exaggerate American folly.
Like St. Augustine, who asked for chastity, but not yet, Ramo asks for epistemological modesty, but evidently not for himself. His description of the ideal foreign-policy worker smacks of self promotion.
And his dismissal of centuries worth of foreign-affairs thinking – and the Bush administration's approach in particular – betrays an overconfidence in his own thesis and a surprising inability to hedge the possibility that decades hence may vindicate some of the strategies he finds so stupid.
Some of his prescriptions appear contradictory. In an account of fighting disease in South Africa, Ramo concludes that success depended on bureaucrats stepping aside and empowering individuals to take full ownership over their health. Yet elsewhere he calls for national healthcare in America.
Might that lead to some of the government oversight and centralization that was so detrimental in Africa?
Finally, his concept of grand strategy seems untethered to the granite post of ideology. Ideology has a bad taste today, but many of America's enemies are driven by it and some of them think in terms of centuries, not years. Might it not be wise to match that will with a set of principles that are equally durable?
Ramo's strength is his power of perception. Like Malcolm Gladwell – the author of "The Tipping Point," "Blink," and "Outliers" – Ramo amazes us as he effortlessly connects the insights of visionary figures as diverse as an Israeli intelligence chief and a venture-capital legend.
But, unfortunately, also like Gladwell, Ramo doesn't bring that perspicacity to his own thesis. What are its weaknesses? What's the counterevidence? Wrapping his argument in a bow is pretty, but it doesn't let readers examine the contents of the box.
Despite these shortcomings, "The Age of the Unthinkable" is a fascinating study of the way the world really works. As a new generation of leaders maps out America's course in the world, Ramo's navigational skill will surely be in high demand.
• Josh Burek is the Monitor's Opinion editor.


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Bennett, R.S. and P.A. Arneson. 2003. Black Sigatoka. The Plant Health Instructor. DOI:10.1094/PHI-I-2003-0905-01
DISEASE: Black Sigatoka
PATHOGEN: Mycosphaerella fijiensis - found in nearly all the world's banana-growing regions.
HOSTS: Musa spp. (bananas and plantains)
Figure 1. World distribution of black Sigatoka.
AuthorsRebecca S. Bennettand Phil A. ArnesonCornell University
Figure 2. A banana plant.
The first symptoms of black Sigatoka disease are tiny, chlorotic spots that appear on the bottom (abaxial) surface of the 3rd or 4th open leaf. The spots grow into thin brown streaks that are limited by leaf veins (Figure 3). The color of the streaks becomes darker, sometimes with a purple tinge, and visible on the top (adaxial) surface. The lesions then enlarge, becoming fusiform or elliptical, and darken to give the characteristic black streaking of the leaves (Figure 4). Adjacent tissue often has a water-soaked appearance, especially under conditions of high humidity.
When the disease severity is high, large areas of the leaf may become blackened and water-soaked. On the necrotic tissue, numerous, tiny, black, globose fruiting bodies (pseudothecia) containing sac-like structures (asci) filled with ascospores will emerge from the underside of the leaf (Figure 5).
Black Sigatoka, first reported in Fiji in 1964, gets its name from appearing as a different form of yellow Sigatoka. It has black color in the young streaks and spots and lacks the distinct yellow halo that is present in young streaks of yellow Sigatoka. Although the lesions of yellow Sigatoka (Mycosphaerella musicola) may look similar, one can distinguish between the yellow and black Sigatokas by examining conidiophore structure (see table below). Mycosphaerella fijiensis produces conidiophores in small groups and not in the larger clusters (sporodochia) produced by M. musicola. Also M. fijiensis has basal scars on the conidium and conidiophore at their points of attachment. Mycosphaerella fijiensis produces most of its asexual spores (conidia) and structures producing male sexual spores (spermagonia) on the underside of the leaf, whereas M. musicola produces conidia predominantly on the upperside of the leaf. Symptoms of yellow Sigatoka (Figures 6 and 7) typically develop more slowly than symptoms of black Sigatoka (Figure 8) (See below: Yellow and Black Sigatoka Compared). In addition, diagnosis can also be accomplished through the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
If left unchecked, black Sigatoka will progress through the plant's leaf surface area, greatly reducing photosynthetic capability and thus yield (Figure 9).
Mycosphaerella fijiensis is the name given to the sexual form (teleomorph) of the pathogen. The fungus was first described in 1969 by Morelet on specimens from Fiji.
To produce the sexual form, the fungus first develops many spermagonia on the lower surface of the leaf as the lesions collapse. A spermagonium (Figure 10) is dark, somewhat erumpent, and pearlike in shape. In moist conditions these structures may ooze large quantities of the male reproductive cells (spermatia). Spermatia are tiny and cylindrical and will fertilize neighboring female receptive hyphae called trichogynes.
Once fertilization is complete, pseudothecia are formed within the mature lesions, with their ostioles poking through the tissues (Figure 11). The oblong to club-shaped sac-like structures (asci) have two cell walls (bitunicate) and contain eight sexual spores (ascospores) that are lined up two-by-two. Pseudoparaphyses or sterile elements are absent from the pseudothecium. The ascospores are colorless and have one septum. One cell of the spore may be slightly broader than the other cell, and the spore may be slightly constricted at the septum. A squash mount of pseudothecia is shown in Figure 12.
The asexual form (anamorph) is called Pseudocercospora fijiensis. Conidia are borne on the conidiophore singly and terminally. The spores are pale to a light olive-brown, and are smooth, long, and have three or more septa (Figure 13).
Conidia germinate during periods of high relative humidity (92-100% relative humidity) and infect the leaf through a stoma, usually on the underside of a leaf. Under humid conditions, hyphae can emerge from the stomata, grow along the leaf surface and penetrate through other stomata, thus enlarging the lesions. Conidiophores emerge through the stomata, sometimes on erumpent, compact masses of mycelium (stromata). Stromata may also develop on young spermagonia.
With black Sigatoka, ascospores, and to a certain extent conidia, are the propagules by which the fungus is dispersed.
Conidia form readily in high humidity, especially if a film of free water is present on leaves. These asexual spores disperse during rain-wash and splashing, causing local spread of the disease.
Pseudothecia mature when dead leaf tissues are saturated with water for approximately 48 hours. Ascospores are the primary means of long distance dispersal and are the main means of spreading during extended periods of wet weather. Mycosphaerella fijiensis forms relatively few conidia, so ascospores are thought to be more important in the disease cycle.
Sigatoka leaf spot on bananas decreases somewhat during the dry season but otherwise produces more or less continuously repeated cycles of infection (Figure 15).
Large plantations are heavily reliant on chemical controls. Control programs are largely based on the protectant fungicides mancozeb, usually applied in water or in combination with oil, and chlorothalonil. Mancozeb is often combined or rotated with morpholine, demethylation inhibitors (DMI), or strobilurin (QoI) fungicides. Cholorothalonil is rotated but not combined with other fungicides. Resistance to benzimidazole, DMI, and strobilurin fungicides is widespread in many production areas. The fungicides are often applied by airplanes (Figure 16).
Research into developing biological control methods for black Sigatoka has been limited since highly effective and affordable chemical controls are widely available for commercial growers. While biological control methods are desirable primarily for environmental reasons, their successful implementation is likely to be difficult since black Sigatoka is a polycyclic disease and susceptible banana tissue is present year-round. Various epiphytic bacteria (including Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Serratia spp.) have been tested for controlling M. fijiensis, but biological control research is still in its preliminary stages.
Use of resistant cultivars is really the only practical means of black Sigatoka control for the small-scale and subsistence farmer since fungicides are generally unaffordable. Unfortunately, while some resistant cultivars of plantains and bananas are available, they are often unacceptable to local tastes. Developing acceptable resistant cultivars is an important priority at international research centers (Figure 17).
However, breeding for disease resistance is particularly difficult with banana plants. Commercial bananas are autotriploids (AAA), i.e., they have three copies of the chromosome set instead of the two copies that the wild diploid species possess. While this extra chromosome set imparts favorable commercial characteristics such as seedlessness (unlike diploid wild species, Figure 18), as well as larger plant and fruit size, this high level of sterility is a major obstacle to banana breeders. Furthermore, the generation time (from seed to seed) for bananas is a long three years.
Cultural management techniques such as wider plant spacing, better drainage of both water and air, better weed management, and removal of severely diseased leaves or portions of them from plants can also be used to obtain some measure of control. Simply removing infected leaves (deleafing) and placing them on the ground can significantly reduce the efficacy of ascospore discharge (Figure 19). The application of urea and other products onto infested plant debris on the ground can accelerate decomposition and thus reduce further the available spore inoculum.
Proper quarantine and sanitation measures may provide some protection against two common means of long distance inoculum dispersal—leaves and rhizomes. Contaminated banana leaves are often used to protect the fruit when transporting bananas by truck.
Quarantine measures are practiced in some areas and countries where M. fijiensis has not yet been established or is confined to certain areas (Figures 20 and 21).
The black Sigatoka disease is particularly devastating. Under favorable conditions, leaf necrosis can reduce yields by 35-50%, and many important and commonly grown cultivars are susceptible. In 1995, the average cost for controlling this disease was US$1500/ha/yr. Annually, a typical plantation requires 38-50 fungicide sprays, and these sprays may account for around 30% of the production costs. In Central America, black Sigatoka may account for 27% of the total production cost, whereas other diseases and pests may account for only 3-5% of the total production cost.
Generally, a minimum of five leaves on the plant at harvest is required for fruit quality to remain stable during transportation. Fruit from severely diseased plants are prone to premature and uneven ripening. This is a grave concern for export producers, considering the exacting demands of consumers in developed countries.
While large-scale operations can afford to spray, most small growers cannot afford chemical controls and so suffer losses. This poses a serious food security concern to subsistence farmers, particularly for those who rely heavily on plantains in their diets. In certain parts of Africa, plantains are the primary staple food (Figure 22).
International Mycosphaerella Genomics Consortium (IMGC)
Marín, D.H., R.A. Romero, M. Guzman, and T.B. Sutton. 2003. Black Sigatoka: an increasing threat to banana cultivation. Plant Dis. 87:208-222.
Ploetz, R.C., G.A. Zentmyer, W.T. Nishijima, K.G. Rohrbach, and H.D. Ohr. 1994. Compendium of Tropical Fruit Diseases. American Phytopathological Society Press. St. Paul, MN.
Ploetz, R.C. 1999. Black Sigatoka of Banana: The most important disease of a most important fruit. APSnet feature article: http://publish.apsnet.org/publications/apsnetfeatures/Pages/BlackSigatoka.aspx
Promusa Website:http://www.promusa.org/
Stover, R.H. 1980. Sigatoka leaf spot diseases of bananas and plantains. Plant Dis. 64:750-756.
Stover, R.H. 1986. Disease management strategies and the survival of the banana industry. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 24:83-91.
Thurston, H.D. 1998. Tropical Plant Diseases. American Phytopathological Society Press. St. Paul, MN.

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Starting msrp*
With available 20-in. dark wheels and black sporty accents including a honeycomb grille, Sienna's modern design matches your sense of style.
Sienna's all-new design is as stylish as it is functional. Its unmistakable silhouette inspires you to accomplish whatever's on the agenda, in style.
Exclusively for Sienna, Cypress green is available for a look that stands out from the pack.
Sienna's modern lines, bold accents and athletic stance show onlookers that function and style aren't mutually exclusive.
Sienna's available super-long-slide seats and captain's chairs with built-in ottomans (DISCLAIMER 1) slide back for enhanced comfort or move up to make more room for cargo or passengers in the third row.
Need an extra hand? Simply use a quick kicking motion with your foot to open and close Sienna's available kick-activated (DISCLAIMER 2) dual power sliding doors and rear liftgate (DISCLAIMER 3) to make getting in and out easier.
Bring the comforts of home wherever you go. With an available 1500W-capable power outlet (DISCLAIMER 4 and 5), you can power a slow cooker or quickly inflate an air mattress.
Sienna's available Driver Easy Speak gives you a clearer line of communication. Press a button on the touchscreen display and the built-in microphone transmits your voice through the rear speakers so everyone onboard can hear you.
Gravel, rain or snow, Sienna's available All-Wheel Drive (AWD) system helps give you confidence on unfamiliar roads.
Every Sienna is a hybrid. Whether you're driving around the city during the day or taking a weekend road trip, Sienna's class-leading EPA-estimated 36 combined mpg (DISCLAIMER 6) helps keep you going.
Sienna doesn't compromise on performance. Its available sport-tuned suspension helps deliver a dynamic drive every time you get behind the wheel.


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The Board of Accountancy does not have any authority over bookkeepers, tax preparers or accountants; however, there are guidelines that they need to be aware of (excerpts from S.C. Code of Laws Title 40 Chapter 2 -- Accountants):
Cannot use Certified Public Accountant or its initials (CPA); Public Accountant or its initials (PA - in regards to accounting work); Accounting Practitioner or its initials (AP) or any other title, designation, words, letters, abbreviations, sign, card or device indicating that the person is a certified public accountant, public accountant or accounting practitioners.
Cannot perform audits, reviews or compilations.
May prepare financial statements and issue non-attest transmittals or information thereon which does not purport to be in compliance with the Statements on Standards for Accounting and Review Services (SAARS). Transmittals using the following language must not be considered the unlicensed practice of accountancy:
"I (we) have prepared the accompanying (financial statements) of (name of entity) as of (time period) for the (period) then ended. This presentation is limited to preparing in the form of financial statements information that is the representation of management (owners). I (we) have not audited or reviewed the accompanying financial statements an accordingly do not express an opinion or any other form of assurance on them."
The title "Enrolled Agent" or "EA" may only be used by individuals designated by the Internal Revenue Service.
Persons or firms that are not licensed or registered may use designations granted by national accrediting organizations so long as those designations do not imply qualification to render any attest or compilation service.
When listing in phonebooks and on the internet, make sure that you are not listed under any of the following headings: Accountants - Certified Public; Accountants - Public or Accounting Practitioners.
Any violations by non-licensed individuals or non-registered firms will result in a Cease and Desist order, which is a public document. Any further violations may be brought before the Administrative Law Court and can result in up to $10,000 in fines.


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Building Your Network
As a college student, completing a degree in your specific field is the first stage of your journey to joining the job market. However, it is naïve to think that the degree alone is all you need to land the job of your dreams. We have all heard time and time again the importance of getting a foot in the door. However, if you want to get a good job in this economy, it isn't always what you know that will get you your first pay check. It's who you know.
In order to give yourself the greatest opportunity, you are going to need to start networking. With the growth of the internet, and in particular online social networking websites, you are able to sit in the comfort of your house and reach out to people who previously you would have no chance of contacting. Online networking websites such as LinkedIn offer fantastic ways to potentially connect with hiring managers, decision makers and even with Fortune 500 executives! As part of your job search strategy online networking needs to pay a key part. However, it is as equally important to make yourself seen and physically meet people. It goes without saying that you can make a far greater impact on a person by shaking their hand, looking them in the eye and introducing yourself than you can make via an email!
Find below 5 tips to networking and the best places to go and meet the people who can help make your career sparkle.
Conventions or Exhibitions:
Major conventions/exhibitions are fantastic places to network and meet new people. Keep track of the people you contact and make sure you have a pen and paper so you can write down their contact details. Most importantly follow up with these people within a couple of days following the convention. The longer you leave it the more likely they are to forget who you are.
Job Fairs:
Similar to conventions/exhibitions. This is a no-brainer. Going to a job fair is a good way to meet people who are currently hiring, submit your resume, and also learn about what specific companies are looking for in an employee.
Friends, Classmates and Alumni:
Dont be afraid to reach out to friends, classmates or alumni to help with your networking. You just never know who can help or most importantly who has contacts that may be able to help you.
Community and Volunteer Work:
Make a difference in the world and network at the same time! Community service is always looked upon favourably by companies but also will give you an opportunity to network with different members of the community.
Networking Meetings:
for networking meetings in your community. Networking meetings often require a
small fee (for non-members). However this will enable you to meet a whole range
of people from different backgrounds and occupations. Many times all you require
is a small lead to kick start your career and networking events can be the
perfect place to make this happen.
© RedStarResume Publications http://www.redstarresume.com
#1 student and graduate Professional
Resume Service


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Hi all! My name is Kaycee. I live in Arkansas with my husband of over 15 years! We have a grown daughter, a son-in-love and 2 grandson. Just love being Nonna! We also have an angel waiting on us to join her one day, she was 11 months old when she went to Heaven. We also have two great Chihuahuas and a Great Dane, along with several fish in our koi pond. My educational background is in Psychology and Child Development but my heart is in ministry, crafts, fun, reviews and my website, My Crafty Zoo. I look forward to continuing to share my life through word and pictures with you and love hearing your feedback! Thank you for taking the time to read and allowing me to share! I look forward to reading your comments!
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TPMS Tyre Pressure Monitoring System Caravan Truck RV Sensor LCD 4WD Wireless 4x4. Display Real-time Critical Tyre Information on your Dash. The Masten TP-21 TPMS Tyre Pressure Monitor System with Premium Long-Life Internal Sensors is specifically designed for for those wanting to monitor their tyre pressure in a non-obscure way due to the compact design of this monitor. IMPORTANT - This Listing includes everything you need to monitor the condition of your tyre pressure and temperature. It includes the following parts.
Masten Real-Time TPMS 3.5 Monitor with Upgraded Transmitter and Improved Brightness Panel x 1. Premium Masten TP-09S Internal Valve Sensors x 4. Cigarette Socket Power Adapter x 1. Desk-Mount Monitor Holder Attachment x 1. Windscreen Suction Mount x 1.Optional - Masten TP-09REP Range Extender. If you're after spare sensors the part numbers are TP-09S (internal valve) and TP-10S (external cap).
This clever monitor allows you to'un-link' when you are not towing so you wont have the monitor beeping while worried about lost sensors. Instructions: When the trailer is not connected to the main vehicle, press the LINK and - buttons at the same time.
The trailer and its tire icons will be removed temporarily. Press the LINK and + buttons at the same time and the trailer and its tire icons will re-appear. The Masten TP-21 TPMS Tyre Pressure Monitor System with Premium Waterproof Internal Sensors is specifically designed for for those wanting to monitor their tyre pressure in a non-obscure way due to the conpact design of this monitor. Key benefits of the TP-21 Masten TPMS.
Upgraded 8m Singal Strength compared to similar models (with optional TP-09REP Masten Range Extender you'll get 200m Range - line of sight). Improved Screen for greater visibility with intense sunglare with Automatic Backlight. Monitors up to 22 Tyres. Built-in and Rechargeable Lithium Battery with up to 60 hours charge. Configurable high and low pressure and temperature warnings.
Pressure Range of 0 to 8 BAR with. For greater pressure ranges (0 to 13 BAR / 0 to 188PSI) see the TP-20 model. Note , this TPMS is also compatible with spare sensors TP-09S Internal Sensors, TP-10S External Sensors and TP-20S External Truck/Caravan Sensors. The TPMS module works silently and alerts you if there is a problem with your tyres.
The Tyre data can be viewed at all times. Attractive design with visual and audible alarm.
PSI and BAR Adjustable Units. Adjustable Front and rear sensors high/low pressure alarm range. Real-time Tire Pressure and Temperature Display of all Tyres Simultaneously. TPMS information screen will automatically appear if a tyre problem is detected.The clear display allows you to easily identify problem tyres in red for fast evaluation. Up to 5 Year Battery Life.
Overview of TPMS Monitor and Sensors. Monitor Tyre Pressure and Temperature on your Car, Truck, Trailer, Caravan, Horse Floats Continuously in Real-time. The Masten TP-21 Monitor produces an audible alarm when the pressure drops below or rises above your preferred set ranges. We have options available for 4, 6 and 8 sensor kits â??
The TP-21 will pair with up to 22 tyres and we offer spares at an extra charge. Easy to use monitor with a simple switch function allowing you to switch off caravan/trailer sensors when itâ?? Audible alarm when monitor or sensor batteries are running low.
Included Cigarette Socket Charger and hard wire cable for concealed power. If the sensors have not been moved for 1 hour or more they will be in sleep mode. After around 5 seconds of movement the sensors will'wake' up and start sending the tyre information data (pressure/temperature) every 6 seconds to the monitor.
User Manuals comes in the box for unit and sensors: E-Copies also available from us. We have instructionals on our youtube page also if you are having difficulty installing.
Optional Accessory - Masten Range Extender. What are Tyre Pressure Monitor Systems?
Passenger vehicles in the 1980s and today is a mandatory feature in the United States. Benefits of a Masten TPMS? The dynamic behavior of a pneumatic tire is closely connected to its inflation pressure. Extreme under-inflation can even lead to thermal and mechanical overload caused by overheating and subsequent, sudden destruction of the tire itself. Additionally, fuel efficiency and tire wear are severely affected by under-inflation.
Tires do not only leak air if punctured, they also leak air naturally, and over a year, even a typical new, properly mounted tire can lose from 20 to 60 kPa (3 to 9 psi), roughly 10% or even more of its initial pressure. The significant advantages of TPMS are summarized as follows. Fuel savings: According to the GITI, for every 10% of under-inflation on each tire on a vehicle, a 1% reduction in fuel economy will occur. In the United States alone, the Department of Transportation estimates that under inflated tires waste 2 billion US gallons 7,600,000 m.
Extended tire life: Under inflated tires are the #1 cause of tire failure and contribute to tire disintegration, heat buildup, ply separation and sidewall/casing breakdowns. Further, a difference of 10 lbs. In pressure on a set of duals literally drags the lower pressured tire 13 feet per mile. Moreover, running a tire even briefly on inadequate pressure breaks down the casing and prevents the ability to retread. It is important to note that not all sudden tire failures are caused by under-inflation.Structural damages caused, for example, by hitting sharp curbs or potholes, can also lead to sudden tire failures, even a certain time after the damaging incident. These cannot be proactively detected by any TPMS.
Decreased downtime and maintenance: Under-inflated tires lead to costly hours of downtime and maintenance. Improved safety: Under-inflated tires lead to tread separation and tire failure, resulting in 40,000 accidents, 33,000 injuries and over 650 deaths per year.
Environmental efficiency: Under-inflated tires, as estimated by the Department of Transportation, release over 57.5 billion pounds of unnecessary carbon-monoxide pollutants into the atmosphere each year in the United States alone. Operational Temperature: -20 to 80°C.Storage Temperature: -30 to 85°C. Charger Input Voltage: DC 8 to 30V. Size: 116(L) x 68(W) x25 (H)mm.
Internal Valve Sensor Specifications - Optional. Operational Temperature: -40 to 80°C. Storage Temperature: -40 to 85°C. Pressure Range: 0 to 8BAR, 0116PSI. Pressure Accuracy: ±0.1BAR, ±1.5PSI. Battery life: Up to 5 years. Size: Size: 60(L) x 35(W) x21(H)mm. If we anticipate a longer lead time, it will be noted in the item description or you will be advised before we dispatch your order. Required by your country for importing consumer goods. We do not collect this beforehand, and can't give you an estimate of the cost, because it varies widely around the world. We will be happy to remove the signature requirement on request; please contact our team before purchasing for details on what you require. Please note that, in this case, you will be accepting responsibility if anything were to happen to the package.We will take all the required precautions to pack your item well to avoid any incidental damages along the way. Today, there are over 15 staff members across 4 countries focussing on Engineering, Support, Marketing, Accounts and Sales.
Drop by and say hello. Our opening hours are Monday to Friday however, exceptions may be made to meet you there on a weekend. Since 2009 Masten Engineers have been at the forefront of vehicle electronics for both OEM and Aftermarket. We maintain critical spare parts so in most occasions, parts are on hand and ready to solve your issues within a timely period. If we don't have the part in stock, in most cases we can get it in for you despite the product's age.
If you have any questions please dont hesitate to get in touch with our Support team who are here to help. We don't take ourselves too seriously; until it comes to quality!
We're ultra-selective about the electronics, materials, manufacturing process, quality control and finishes of every product. Put simply, we only sell the best. The item "Tyre Pressure TPMS Monitoring System Internal Valve Sensor x 4 Wireless Truck" is in sale since Saturday, July 4, 2020. This item is in the category "Vehicle Parts & Accessories\Car & Truck Parts\Wheels, Tyres\Tyre Accessories". The seller is "factory_fit" and is located in Brunswick East.This item can be shipped worldwide.


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GLAAD Ain't Happy with Black Eyed P. Hilton
Perez Hilton said he used the word "f**got" to tick off Will.I.Am -- and it worked -- but turns out the Black Eyed Pea wasn't the only one who got offended.
GLAAD -- the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation -- says they've asked P-nasty to apologize for using the highly offensive gay slur ... but have yet to hear a peep from his foul mouth.
GLAAD sent us the following statement:
"We have reached out to Hilton and asked him to apologize for promoting this anti-gay slur, and we would ask media outlets to avoid repetition of the slur in their coverage of this story.
For someone in our own community to use it to attack another person by saying that it is, quote, 'The worst possible thing that thug would ever want to hear,' is incredibly dangerous.
It legitimizes use of a slur that is often linked to violence against our community. And it sends a message that it is OK to attempt to dehumanize people by exploiting anti-gay attitudes."


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Photos: Love in the Time of Nemo
A snow couple on the Comm. Ave. Mall. (Photo via Leslee_atFlickr)
"First comes love, then comes marriage, then comes baby in a baby carriage."
While most people were hiding indoors during this weekend's storm, some couples chose to push their luck and move their relationships forward. From K-I-S-S-I-N-G, to engagement proposals, to winter weddings, and "blizzard babies" galore, check out how these couples celebrated Winter Storm Nemo:
When Newton native Brett Corson decided to propose to his girlfriend Maggie Moore in the Public Garden, Julianne Grainger just so happened to be walking by taking photos of the scenery, resulting in this most-romantic engagement photo. Hey, what better time than a historic winter storm to put a ring on it, right? Photo via Brett Corson/By Julianne Grainger
Karen Willis and Greg Beal were one of several couples who would not let Nemo stop them from getting married. This couple, who wed in Portland, Maine, on Saturday, wanted to get married in a wintry wonderland. Karen told WGME, "I actually wished for snow on my wedding day—it's all I ever wanted. My parents actually got married in a huge snowstorm in 1970 here in Portland, and I just thought it would have been the perfect day, so I started to see the forecast and I was so excited." Photo via Brendan Fontaine/Twitter
However, of all the sweet moments captured this weekend, none could compete with "Little Nemo," the nickname of Ericka Bueno and Joel Gonell's new daughter Nohely Gonell. The Massachusetts National guard brought EMTs who assisted with the unplanned home birth in Worcester, after which parents and baby were taken to the hospital. Nohely was born at about 3 a.m. on Saturday. Photo via Dan Hausle/Twitter/WHDH


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Math Challengers
- Date: 12/01/2010
British Columbia
February 5, 2011: Lower Mailnland Regional Competition at UBC
February 11, 2011: Vancouver Island Regional Competition at Camosun College (Landsdowne Campus)
February 25, 2011: Okanagan Regional Competition at Okanagan College - Kelowna Campus
March 5, 2011: Provincial Competition at SFU
Registration Deadline: December 1, 2010
Our official name is the Canadian Math Challengers Society; however, we generally just call our group Math Challengers.
Math Challengers is an enrichment, coaching and competition program that promotes mathematics achievement among students in Grades 8 and 9 by
(i) challenging students with stimulating and thought-provoking questions, and
(ii) having school math teams compete with each other at local, regional and provincial tournaments.
The program builds skills, promotes strategic problem-solving, and exposes students to complex problems that require creativity and persistence in order to be solved -- all a critical part of our increasingly technological society. Moreover, it provides an opportunity to bring 8th and 9th graders together to promote a lively exchange of mathematical ideas through competition.
Math Challengers promotes student interest in mathematics and mathematics-related careers by making math achievement as challenging, prestigious and exciting as a school sport might be. Teachers, volunteers and former student participants coach competitors beginning each fall and continuing throughout the year, either as part of in-class instruction or as an extracurricular activity. In January, in-school competitions are held to determine the four member school teams that will compete at a regional tournament. The training and practice throughout the school year leads up to a Regional Competition held in February.
The teams from the regional tournaments around the province then advance to the Provincial Finals in March, where the B.C. school team and the individual champions are crowned! At each tournament level, all students participate in two individual contest rounds, then in a team round, and finally the top ranked students take part in a head to head buzz-in question-and- answer session (similar to the TV quiz show, "Jeopardy"), where the overall individual champion is decided. Trophies and awards are given to the top finishers at each tournament.
In addition to the in-province tournaments, an Intramural Competition with Washington and Oregon state teams also takes place, after the Provincial Finals.
Please see the official webpage for detailed and up to date information:


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Career Advancement
Career Advancement can mean different things to different people. For some, advancement means reaching a leadership position within a company or a field. For others, advancement means performing at a high level in a given role. Sometimes, advancement means switching careers entirely to learn a whole new domain, or focusing on giving back to a field or a community.
Negotiation: An Overview
Negotiation is often one of the most intimidating parts of the job search for so many people. People are unsure about when and if they can negotiate. In order to demystify the process and give you confidence, we have outlined what you can do to prepare for a negotiation conversation, and being prepared will make any negotiation go more smoothly.
Job Searching After 50
This resource outlines considerations for job searching over 50, including tailored advice for your writing your resume, networking, and interviewing.
Negotiation & Identity
Your social context for negotiation will depend upon a variety of factors. This is where you may ask yourself where you are at this stage in your career journey. How do your identities, values, interests, skills, and other aspects of your background intersect with the negotiation process? All of these components are worth considering because they will inform your approach to the process. Depending on your personal situation, some components may pose more questions for you than others.
Alumnae Resume Guide
Whether you are a recent graduate, a senior executive, or are navigating a career pivot, your resume highlights information that is used to introduce yourself to prospective employers and people in your field. Impactful resumes require customization and optimization for specific job applications. As you update your resume throughout your career, feature your most relevant skills, recent experience, and what is most important for an employer to know about you. Consider making an appointment with an alumnae career adviser or a career community adviser in your industry to discuss how best to communicate your background and accomplishments on your resume.
"In a given week, I might be working with our program staff who are based around the US, Canada and the UK to design learning experiences for teachers; meeting with partner organizations to plan collaborative projects; consulting with filmmakers or scholars who want to reach students; or researching and writing about challenging issues for educators.... It's probably unusual to stay at one place for so long, but I've always been able to answer 'yes' to a few key questions: Am I learning? Is my world getting bigger? Is my work making a difference?"
"I think art's first goal is to remind us that we are human..."
Fulbright Program (rising seniors & graduates)
Supports a year (or occasionally more) of study or research abroad in any discipline, or year-long English teaching assistantships (ETAs) abroad in programs designed by the host countries. Eligible are graduating seniors and graduates who are US citizens. Campus application deadline for Wellesley students and graduates typically in August.
Up Skill Resources for Alumnae
For many alumnae, lack of confidence or familiarity with technology is an impediment in the job search. Perhaps you worked in a job that didn't require much use of technology, or perhaps you have been out of the workforce for a while and are not up to date. You may be confident in some areas and less so in others. Maybe you are curious and like new challenges. There are many resources out there to help you update and improve your technology related skills.
Mary Elvira Stevens Traveling Fellowship (graduates)
Established by the will of Alice Alvira Stevens, Class of 1891, the Mary Elvira Stevens Traveling Fellowship is available to a Wellesley graduate who is at least 25 years of age in the year of application and supports up to a full year of purposeful travel outside the United States. We invite proposals that will inspire reflection and growth and lead to more fulfilling and productive personal and professional lives. Campus application deadline typically in the spring.


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There is a lot of talk about heterogeneous computing at GTC, in the sense of adding graphics cards to servers. If you have HPC workloads that can benefit from GPU parallelism, adding GPUs gives you computing performance in less physical space, and using less power, than a CPU only cluster (for equivalent TFLOPS).
However, there was a session at GTC that actually took things to the opposite extreme. Instead of a CPU only cluster or a mixed cluster, Alex Ramirez (leader of Heterogeneous Architectures Group at Barcelona Supercomputing Center) is proposing a homogeneous GPU cluster called Pedraforca.
Pedraforca V2 combines NVIDIA Tesla GPUs with low power ARM processors. Each node is comprised of the following components:
- 1 x Mini-ITX carrier board
1 x Q7 module (which hosts the ARM SoC and memory)
- Current config is one Tegra 3 @ 1.3GHz and 2GB DDR2
- 1 x NVIDIA Tesla K20 accelerator card (1170 GFLOPS)
- 1 x InfiniBand 40Gb/s card (via Mellanox ConnectX-3 slot)
- 1 x 2.5" SSD (SATA 3 MLC, 250GB)
The ARM processor is used solely for booting the system and facilitating GPU communication between nodes. It is not intended to be used for computing. According to Dr. Ramirez, in situations where running code on a CPU would be faster, it would be best to have a small number of Intel Xeon powered nodes to do the CPU-favorable computing, and then offload the parallel workloads to the GPU cluster over the InfiniBand connection (though this is less than ideal, Pedraforca would be most-efficient with data-sets that can be processed solely on the Tesla cards).
While Pedraforca is not necessarily locked to NVIDIA's Tegra hardware, it is currently the only SoC that meets their needs. The system requires the ARM chip to have PCI-E support. The Tegra 3 SoC has four PCI-E lanes, so the carrier board is using two PLX chips to allow the Tesla and InfiniBand cards to both be connected.
The researcher stated that he is also looking forward to using NVIDIA's upcoming Logan processor in the Pedraforca cluster. It will reportedly be possible to upgrade existing Pedraforca clusters with the new chips by replacing the existing (Tegra 3) Q7 module with one that has the Logan SoC when it is released.
Pedraforca V2 has an initial cluster size of 64 nodes. While the speaker was reluctant to provide TFLOPS performance numbers, as it would depend on the workload, with 64 Telsa K20 cards, it should provide respectable performance. The intent of the cluster is to save power costs by using a low power CPU. If your sever kernel and applications can run on GPUs alone, there are noticeable power savings to be had by switching from a ~100W Intel Xeon chip to a lower-power (approximately 2-3W) Tegra 3 processor. If you have a kernel that needs to run on a CPU, it is recommended to run the OS on an Intel server and transfer just the GPU work to the Pedraforca cluster. Each Pedraforca node is reportedly under 300W, with the Tesla card being the majority of that figure. Despite the limitations, and niche nature of the workloads and software necessary to get the full power-saving benefits, Pedraforca is certainly an interesting take on a homogeneous server cluster!
In another session relating to the path to exascale computing, power use in data centers was listed as one of the biggest hurdles to getting to Exaflop-levels of performance, and while Pedraforca is not the answer to Exascale, it should at least be a useful learning experience at wringing the most parallelism out of code and pushing GPGPU to the limits. And that research will help other clusters use the GPUs more efficiently as researchers explore the future of computing.
The Pedraforca project built upon research conducted on Tibidabo, a multi-core ARM CPU cluster, and CARMA (CUDA on ARM development kit) which is a Tegra SoC paired with an NVIDIA Quadro card. The two slides below show CARMA benchmarks and a Tibidabo cluster (click on image for larger version).
Stay tuned to PC Perspective for more GTC 2013 coverage!


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Southern Mississippi beats UTEP 64-56
EL PASO, Texas (AP) Aaron Brown scored 16 of his 18 points in the second half and Michael Craig added 12 as Southern Mississippi advanced to the Conference USA tournament with a 64-56 victory over UTEP on Thursday night.
Craig also grabbed 12 rebounds and the No. 4 seeded Golden Eagles (27-5) out-rebounded UTEP 45-28, including 20-7 offensive boards.
Southern Miss opened with a 10-4 run capped by back-to-back dunks by Craig, but No. 5 seeded UTEP pulled ahead 24-22 on free throws by Jake Flaggert. Southern Miss led 28-24 at halftime after consecutive layups by Chip Armelin. Neither team hit a 3-pointer in the half on nine attempts each.
Southern Miss used second-half runs of 11-3 and 9-2 to lead 51-37. UTEP rallied with an 8-0 run to close to 51-48, but got no closer.
Julian Washburn led the Miners (23-10) with 16 points and Vince Hunter added 14.


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The long summer days of August are a treasure in the Chicago area.
For some parents of toddlers and young children, however, the late afternoon can seem to stretch on endlessly. What is a mom or dad to do after a long day of work, when it is not quite bedtime, and the kids seem to have enough energy to run around the block several more times?
Come to Dancin' Sprouts at the Chicago Botanic Garden! Every Wednesday in August, a different kid-friendly band strikes up the music on the Esplanade, from 5:30 to 7:30 p.m. Children and their grown-up friends fill the grassy area with blankets, chairs, and high energy. Each group engages these young, enthusiastic audience members, and the children are dancing, singing, jumping, hopping, and smiling from ear to ear.
Against the backdrop of Smith Fountain and the Garden lakes, the sun sinks in the sky, and the children skip and dance until they're just about ready for bed. The parents and caregivers can head home knowing they've spent a summer afternoon just as it should be spent!
There are still four weeks of concerts left this summer (here's the schedule)! Grab a few friends and make it a Dancin' Sprouts picnic party!
While you're planning your Garden visit, don't miss the Summer Family Fun Pack, which includes parking as well as admission to Butterflies & Blooms and the Model Railroad Garden for up to five people!
©2014 Chicago Botanic Garden and my.chicagobotanic.org


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I'm a genetics PhD student. The word-processing and referencing software available for windows is more suitable (and more compatible with computers in the library etc.), but there's some genetics software that runs better on linux. (Currently i'm shopping for a laptop.)
I know you can get virtual linux in things like cygwin, or you can get two whole operating systems installed on the one machine ("dual boot"?).
Does dual boot have much advantage over something like cygwin?
It seems you don't need any specialized hardware for it? but does separate drives or something like that help?
How does dual boot compare to virtual linux within windows in terms of glitches and bugs?


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Squirrels have fuzzy tails.
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i used a brown black red, so 1k resistor and when i use no resistor the LED flashes once and then nothing happens.....If i use a 100 resistor then the LED just fades too quickly....What happens is i turn on the power after i have discharged the capacitor and the LED goes on then fades, after i turn off the power nothing happens and the capacitor stays charges, what im asking is how do i keep the LED lit when i turn it on and keep it lit for a short time after i turn it off, right now it fades into nothing and stays off and the lower the resistance the faster it fades.


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Regulated drug release thanks to nano bubbles
Stents are medical implants that, for example, prevent the blocking of arteries after surgery. One of the problems using stents is the biocompatibility as the human body rejects and attacks foreign material. The Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (FZD) developed a new method for making the surface of metal stents highly nano porous by producing millions of nano bubbles underneath. This enlarged surface allows depositing and slowly releasing drugs over a longer period of time than with usual drug eluting stents. The market leader for stents, the Boston Scientific Corporation in the US, focuses on this route to prevent the rejection of cardiovascular stents as this allows the targeted release of the drug right at the walls of the blood vessels.
Stents are implanted in certain organs as a supporting scaffold that reinforces the organ walls. Vascular stents act as small tubes made of metal or plastic mesh. The major problem in the application of stents is their compatibility with the human tissue: About 20 to 30 percent of the patients react with the rejection and the shut-down of the vessel. During the 1990's, vascular stents, which are coated with different substances, have been developed in order to solve this problem. This kind of drug eluting stent releases small amounts of a certain drug that constrains the regeneration of cells. In addition to the more conventional bare metal stent, more and more coated stents are used in Germany since 2002, especially for the treatment of coronary heart disease. Drug eluting stents are particularly effective in the treatment of diabetic patients, which make up 30% of the interventionally treated coronary patients and also carry the highest risk for renewed narrowing.
Physicists and chemists at the Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf developed an innovative method to create a large number of tiny pores with a diameter of a few ten to a few hundred nano meters (one nano meter being one millionth of a millimeter) on the surface of stainless steel. Dr. Natalia Shevchenko and Dr. Andreas Kolitsch from the FZD Ion-Beam Center bombard the surface of a stent from all sides with a high dose of noble gas ions. This generates a scaffold of nano pores in the material below the surface. Tuning the ion energy, the flux and the temperature during the process, the desired porosity can be precisely engineered. A larger amount of the highly effective drugs can be deposited on the enlarged noble metal surface, due to this nano porous structure, which enhances the biocompatibility of the implants in the human body. Thus, this treatment results in the release of drugs over a longer period of time. The method developed by the FZD is currently assessed as a platform technology for the next generation of drug eluting stents by the Boston Scientific Corporation. The Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf and the Boston Scientific Corporation signed joint cooperation contracts with patent sharing. The objective of this research is to further develop this technique and to establish this method for surface modification in the private sector.
Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image of a regular bare metal stent.
SEM top view of the modified nano porous noble metal surface: The increase of the implanted ion dosis leads to nano porous layers with islands and elevations.
SEM image at a tilting angle of 45 degrees show the typical patterns of the nanostructures at the noble metal stent surface obtained with the new FZD technology.
Further information:
Dr. Andreas Kolitsch
Institute of Ion-Beam Physics and Materials Research
Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (FZD)
Phone: ++49 351 260 - 3348
Public relations:
Dr. Christine Bohnet
Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (FZD)
Bautzner Landstr. 128
01328 Dresden
Phone: ++49 351 260 - 2450 or ++49 160 969 288 56
Fax: ++49 351 260 - 2700


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Colorado Approves Fracking Disclosure Rules
CORRECTION: In the Dec. 13 story below about Colorado's new rules governing the public disclosure of chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing operations, The Associated Press reported erroneously that Texas' new rules will not require companies to disclose the concentration of chemicals used in their mixes. The companies will be required to disclose the concentration of chemicals regulated by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, but will not be required to report the concentration of unregulated chemicals.
DENVER (AP/CBS4) - Colorado will require energy companies to disclose the concentrations of all chemicals in hydraulic fracturing and also ask drillers to make public some information about ingredients considered trade secrets.
Colorado regulators unanimously approved the new rules Tuesday that take effect in April.
The guidelines are similar to those required by a first-in-the-nation law passed in Texas this year but go further by requiring the concentrations of chemicals to be disclosed.
"That's the big advancer here. We're getting a full picture of what's in that fracking fluid," said Michael Freeman, an attorney for Earthjustice who worked with industry to write the rules.
Also, if Colorado drillers claim a trade secret, they would still have to disclose the ingredient's chemical family. In emergencies, companies would have to tell health care workers what those secret ingredients were.
"It yielded a good rule for the state and a workable rule for the industry," said Jep Seman, an attorney for the Colorado Petroleum Association.
Companies have been fracking for decades, but as drilling expands to more populated areas, residents near wells are concerned about the effects on their health and drinking water. Texas, in passing its law this summer, noted that fracking has been done safely in that state for 60 years.
Arkansas, Montana and Wyoming all require companies to disclose the chemicals in fracking fluid but not their concentrations, said Matt Watson, senior energy policy manager for the Environmental Defense Fund. Louisiana and New Mexico only require disclosure of some chemicals deemed workplace hazards by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Other states, including Michigan and Pennsylvania, have proposed similar regulations.
Gov. John Hickenlooper called for Colorado to draft a disclosure rule. The commission proposed having companies list nonproprietary ingredients and concentrations on FracFocus.org, a national website created by two intergovernmental agencies. The rule was proposed to take effect Feb. 1, but commission staff recommended delaying that until April 1 to give drillers more time to comply.
"I think we've reached the fairest and most transparent rules on the transparency of frack fluids of any state in the country," Hickenlooper said afterward. "I think this will likely become a national model that if other states they don't copy it, they will certainly use it as a touch point."
Commission staff said a survey of Colorado disclosures on FracFocus.org shows a small percentage claim trade secrets, though the website includes only voluntary disclosures. Companies on the website say the fluid is mostly water mixed with sand and small percentages of petroleum chemicals and alcohols such as Isopropanol, which is used in rubbing alcohol, while some contain hydrochloric acid.
Freeman said some fracking fluids also might contain diesel fuel, benzene and other chemicals commonly found in gasoline. The database will be searchable by company, well location and type of chemical used.
The Environmental Protection Agency last week found a possible link between groundwater pollution and hydraulic fracturing beneath Pavillion, Wyo. The EPA found compounds likely associated with fracking chemicals in the groundwater beneath the small central Wyoming community where residents complain their well water smells like chemicals. Health officials last year advised residents not to drink their well water after the EPA found low levels of hydrocarbons.
Industry officials pointed out that the EPA announcement didn't focus on the domestic water wells but two wells drilled somewhat deeper into the aquifer specifically to test for pollution. The owner of the Pavillion gas field, Calgary, Alberta-based Encana, said the compounds could have had other origins not related to gas development.
Commission Director Dave Neslin said the commissioners are reviewing the draft EPA report but Colorado already has implemented regulations meant to protect groundwater. Those regulations include how to properly encase and cement walls, clean up spills and properly dispose of waste.
"Disclosure is important for transparency and public education, but it's not our first line of defense," he said.
Interior Secretary Ken Salazar says he supports the ruling. Salazar says transparency is vital to build public confidence in drilling operations.
"I think that natural gas has a huge future in the energy portfolio of the United States. I also believe that people are going to be scared if they don't know what is going into the underground and what is being injected," Salazar said. "So I think disclosure is very much a step in the right direction in terms of promoting a healthy natural gas future for the country."
- By P. SOLOMON BANDA, Associated Press
(CBS4 staff contributed to this report)
(TM and © Copyright 2011 CBS Radio Inc. and its relevant subsidiaries. CBS RADIO and EYE Logo TM and Copyright 2010 CBS Broadcasting Inc. Used under license. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. The Associated Press contributed to this report.)
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Nutrient Products
The human body is a self-healing system given the right tools and environment. Investigative studies performed during the 1960's, 70's, 80's and through today, hold true the fact that the most common health problems are the result of nutritional deficiencies, dietary excess and environmental toxins including toxic dental restorations. My simple, effective approach combines whole-food nutrient concentrates with liquid ionized minerals, (not loads of capsules and tablets) together with thermotherapy and negative ion treatment for spectacular repair and rejuvenation. I look forward to being of service to you.


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You can update the contents of a previously configured boot environment with the Copy menu or the lumake command. File Systems from the active (source) boot environment are copied to the target boot environment. The data on the target is also destroyed. A boot environment must have the status "complete" before you can copy from it. See Displaying the Status of All Boot Environments to determine a boot environment's status.
The copy job can be scheduled for a later time, and only one job can be scheduled at a time. To cancel a scheduled copy, see Canceling a Scheduled Create, Upgrade, or Copy Job.
This procedure copies source files over outdated files on a boot environment that was previously created.
Roles contain authorizations and privileged commands. For more information about roles, see Configuring RBAC (Task Map) in System Administration Guide: Security Services.
# lumake -n BE_name [-s source_BE] [-t time] [-m email_address]
Specifies the name of the boot environment that has file systems that are to be replaced.
(Optional) Specifies the name of the source boot environment that contains the file systems to be copied to the target boot environment. If you omit this option, lumake uses the current boot environment as the source.
(Optional) Set up a batch job to copy over file systems on a specified boot environment at a specified time. The time is given in the format that is specified by the man page, at(1).
(Optional) Enables you to send an email of the lumake output to a specified address on command completion. email_address is not checked. You can use this option only in conjunction with -t.
In this example, file systems from first_disk are copied to second_disk. When the job is completed, an email is sent to Joe at anywhere.com.
# lumake -n second_disk -s first_disk -m [email protected]
The files on first_disk are copied to second_disk and email is sent for notification. To cancel a scheduled copy, see Canceling a Scheduled Create, Upgrade, or Copy Job.


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The election wasn't over for 48 hours before both sides started laying down their opening bids on dealing with what has become known as the "fiscal cliff."
At its core, the "fiscal cliff" (and I'm going to stop putting it within quotes from here on) is the result of the Congress and the President (to use another phrase I wish I could excise from the political lexicon) "kicking the can down the road."
Unwilling and/or unable to come to agreements on a number of issues, both sides have continued to offer really tough-sounding, but temporary solutions, which have more-or-less amounted to "We'll deal with that when we get there."
We're there.
The fiscal cliff exists because the road down which we have been kicking that can has come to an end. At the end of the road is the fiscal cliff.
Members of the House and Senate are paid a pretty decent salary to examine the issues, help design solutions, and cast votes to turn ideas into law.
They hate doing that.
So, with the White House as a full partner, they have designed automatic triggers that they can later say "We had no control over [INSERT DIFFICULT ISSUE HERE] because of a trigger they themselves had installed.
The best known example is the Congress insisting they have no say over which military bases will close because decades ago the Congress decided to hand that duty over to an independent commission rather than have to face their constituents and say "I voted to close our military base because it didn't make any sense to keep it open."
Instead, they voted to not have to vote on base closures so they could later claim they had no vote in the matter (other than an up-or-down vote on the entire package of closures and realignments).
Are you getting all this?
The Congress could change that tomorrow, but there's this can and this road and they have all these highly paid feet doing all that kicking.
Same with the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform - better known as the Simpson-Bowles Commission for it's co-chairs, Sen. Alan Simpson and Erskine Bowles.
Unlike the Base Closing Commissions, Simpson-Bowles was just a creature of the Executive Branch. Nevertheless, there was an informal agreement that if a super majority (14) of the 18 members voted to accept the package of tax increases and spending cuts then the Congress would adopt it, or at least take up the elements with a view toward adoption.
But, there was nothing that required either Chamber to even discuss the report that came out of the Commission, much less turn it into public law.
As it happened, the Simpson-Bowles report only got 11 votes, so the Congress could (and did) ignore it without looking like they were ignoring it.
Thus the deficit continues to grow as the can gets kicked closer and closer to the fiscal cliff.
The next bit of can-kicking came about after the 2010 mid-term elections which gave control of the U.S. House back to the GOP. Barack Obama and Speaker John Boehner agreed to continue the Bush-era tax cuts - which were scheduled to automatically expire because a previous Congress couldn't agree on a permanent level for tax rates - which the Republicans wanted in return for extending unemployment benefits that the President wanted.
Those tax cuts will now expire on December 31, 2012 because … well, you see the pattern here.
There is also an two percent reduction in what are known as payroll taxes - Social Security and Medicare - that will expire on the same date because the Congress and the President want to give everything to everybody while making nobody pay for it - financially or politically.
On the other side of the equal sign there is the "sequester." That is the automatic spending cuts that were agreed to by the Congress in 2011 if what was known as the Super Committee of House and Senate members couldn't come up with a revenue and spending package that would begin to reduce the growing debt.
Of course they couldn't, but the cuts wouldn't begin until 2013 (can/kick/road) so everyone pretended the problem was temporarily solved (where do they find all these cans), but as we are now only weeks away from 2013, that road is coming to an end as well.
That all had to do with the fact that we were bumping up against the debt ceiling that Republicans would only agree to raise if the President would agree to spending cuts.
Only in the Alice-in-Wonderland reality of Washington, DC can a ceiling lead directly to a cliff.
So, what will happen? Have you not been listening?
The leaders of the House and Senate will work together with the President to attach helium-filled legislation to the can allowing it to drift right over the fiscal cliff.
And land on a brand new, shovel-ready, road.


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Create a Website Account - Manage notification subscriptions, save form progress and more.
The Town needs a mechanism (ordinance) to address the access rights of these town plowed private ways by municipal vehicles during winter months, the responsibility of landowners to perform annual/summer maintenance during the year, storm water management drainage issues, the insurability of municipal vehicles on Town plowed private ways and the lack of local road associations to address private way needs. Current law does not provide a mechanism for addressing any of the above issues or unforeseen future challenges. In 1989 the Maine Supreme Court issued an "Opinion of the Justices" stating that it would be unconstitutional for a town to use town funds for the private purpose of maintaining a private way. Many towns throughout the state of Maine stopped when that occurred. Windham attempted to address these problems through agreements with property owners, but that practice was not effective Simply put, the Town cannot legally continue to plow private ways unless the owners of those ways have given the Town the right to do so through grant of a public easement.
As you read through this Q & A, for the sake of clarity, all references "Private Ways" refer to private ways currently plowed by the town, as identified on the list of 101 roads.
Show All Answers
This legislation was requested by the Town to correct access rights by town vehicles, address private way improvements, liability protection, and ownership responsibility. The Town of Windham has had a longstanding policy of plowing a large number of private ways to ensure emergency access and passage to our residents on these roads; however, a 1989 Opinion of the Justices of the Maine Supreme Court determined that it is unconstitutional for a municipality to expend public resources on private property. The objective of L.D. 1723 is to give us time to correct Windham's variance from this ruling that was issued years ago, so that we can continue this service with the proper legal allowances. The classification of this legislation as "private and special" means that it only applies to Windham and no other town. Other municipalities have discontinued this practice; Windham has the highest known number of Town plowed private ways being serviced in the State.
In short, from what has been researched, the Town started this practice many years ago to ensure emergency vehicle passage to existing properties.
In the mid 70's to 80's private roads located around many lakes/ponds in Windham were not accessible during the winter. This prohibited safe passage of emergency vehicles to existing properties. The Town entered into easement and/or road maintenance agreements with property owners at that time to allow the Town to plow the roads during the winter. Initially those signed agreements were up to date, but over the last 20 to 30 +/- years they have not been kept up to date. These winter maintenance agreements expired many years ago and were not recorded in the Cumberland County Registry. So, many of the original properties have new owners, and new properties created since then have owners who are not aware that a public easement was given to allow the plowing service, nor are they aware of the responsibilities of private landowners for continued winter maintenance services from the Town.
Additionally, most of the affected roads are within the watershed of a waterbody. Over recent years, the Town has been challenged by water quality issues, including surface water runoff, high levels of phosphorus and other concerns. We will make progress with some of the contamination concerns of these waterbodies/watersheds by reasonable improvements to these Town plowed private ways.
The Town sought this Private and Special legislation to allow the Town a means by ordinance to properly address the issues identified. This ordinance will identify the 101 roads that are currently being plowed by the Town and provide a mechanism by which the Town may continue its longstanding practice of providing plowing services to these roads, while leaving all other maintenance as the responsibility of landowners benefitted by the roads. This list is definitive, meaning no future private ways may be added. See the attached Private Way list and Road Classification Map. Attempting to enter into new agreements with potentially over 1,723 direct abutter landowners and approximately 400 additional abutters on subsidiary roads, off the main private ways, is not practical. The ordinance approach simplifies the solution and eliminates the need for special agreements, etc.
In order for the Town to continue this practice, LD 1723 requires that owners on private ways (1) grant a public easement to the Town; and (2) form a road association.
A public easement gives the Town the right – but not the obligation – to access a road for winter maintenance purposes. It also gives the general public the right to travel over the road. The Attorney General has opined that without public easements, the Town cannot legally justify continuing to plow public roads because this would be a use of public funds for private purposes. Note that we do not anticipate that these public easements will increase public use of these private ways. The Town will not advertise these roads as being open to the public or provide signage or any other indication on site that the roads are open to the public. That said, if owners are concerned about public rights being granted to their road(s), they may certainly choose not to grant the public easement and to forego Town-provided plowing.
Generally, no, the Town will work with the Road Association for the continued service. The road association needs to be a formal structure not a simple verbal or written road maintenance agreement. Over 50% of the Private ways the Town plows for winter maintenance have road associations. The letter you received indicates you are on a private way road.
However, please do help us update our records and have the association president or point of contact provide us with the
Yes, if your road does not have a road association you or someone on your road will need to take the lead to set up the road association. You should review the Town's website for information; and begin with the step-by-step process for you or your designated representative for implementing a road association, notifying the Town and completing the appropriate tasks. The Town will honor the commitment to continue plowing for winter season 2021-2022. If the road association is not in place by October 1, of 2022, the Town will serve notice of discontinuation on the plowing services as of November 1, 2022, for winter season 2022-2023. Note that we are attempting to get authority from the Legislature to extend the time to complete this process by another year, but at present these are our working deadlines. We will do our best to assist owners in forming these associations.
Road associations allow residents to have one voice in communication with the Town and vice versa. They provide a centralized decision-making forum, open lines of communication among property owners/abutters on the road, legitimize the collection of members' dues, set up an impartial means for managing association monies, and establish a legal authority. This is the most effective and simple way for continued winter services to work. Road associations will need to provide annual notice to the Town of their designated contact's information. A change of directors does not constitute registry action, just simply provide a copy of the Directors to the Town each year. Individual properties are not required by the town to have a separate filing in the registry concerning the road association.
The responsibility of the residents/abutters is defined in the by-laws. The primary responsibility of property owners on the identified Town plowed private ways will be to maintain the roads to a basic minimum standard, as recommended by the Road Commissioner (Public Works Director and a designated Councilor) on an individual basis, as each road may have unique concerns. The new Winter Maintenance of Designated Private Ways ordinance establishes this practice and will only apply to the identified Town plowed private ways. All roads will be driven yearly and then assessed on a three-year rotational basis. Identified improvements must be completed per the prescribed details within an adequate and noted timeframe.
The Town will allow your group to choose the type of road association to form. But from our knowledge of options, you should consider forming a standard statutory association, as it is lower cost, involves no annual filings, quick to form, and provides the necessary tools to organize owners and make assessments for maintenance and repairs. Obtaining a legal opinion on your best options for a road association would be our recommendation. The Town will work with any type of road association or home-owners' association (HOA).
The Town will send a letter to all property owners or abutters to the identified private ways alerting them to this issue and what steps should be taken to correct it.
The following step-by-step process is recommended:
If yes, The Town's (designated staff person) will educate the point of contact on how to form the association. Each Private Way Road that desires to form an association to continue receiving plowing services will be provided a booklet (3 ring binder) on the various forms for a statutory road association. This will be provided to the lead person. If you want the assistance of a town representative or volunteer at a meeting, please call for availability. (207.894.7079) Also on the Town website is a PDF of this booklet/3 ring binder.
1) If the decision is to not form an association (and thus waive ongoing town-provided plowing), simply summarize the meeting and forward that decision to the Town Manager's Office. This letter should include at least 51% of the road abutter signatures. (email: firstname.lastname@example.com; or mail to Town of Windham, Private Ways Help, 8 School Road, Windham ME 04062)
2) If the decision is yes, we want to continue having the plowing service with conditions, then use the provided booklet to set up the road association and get organized.
E. If you have decided to continue the service, you will need to:
The Town cannot provide legal assistance to the property owners/abutters of the non-road association town plowed private ways to form the association. What the Town has arranged are two levels of guidance. We can provide a checklist and forms for a person or group to get the Road Association organized and recorded. We have limited staff and do have some volunteers to assist in this process. Another alternative solution is an arrangement we have made with our Town Attorney to assist a road group through the process of forming a statutory or nonprofit road association. This cost will be paid by the property owners/abutters of that road association and not the Town. Owners can of course also engage with an independent attorney to provide this service (a listing will be posted on our website). Again, we do have volunteers willing to help. Either way is acceptable, the self-help approach may seem complex but is quite simple.
The residents abutting the road will pay for costs associated with the Road Association and the annual road maintenance.
Yes, this must be completed by October 1, 2022 by the property owners/abutters using this road. If your road has an HOA or road association, you simply need to have the president contact the Town Manager's office. HOA's are rare and are generally associated with newer subdivisions/condos. If you do not have a road association, the property owners/abutters to the private way have a choice between forming a non-profit road association or forming a statutory road association under 23MRS 3101-3104. If you choose not to form the road association as required by the new Winter Maintenance of Designated Private Ways ordinance, the Town will discontinue plowing the road.
The Maine legislature has provided the Town a specific path to formalize the continuation of the plowing services. The Town must have a point of contact (i.e., Road Association) to have a continued communication going forward. Once that time frame has expired the plowing services will be discontinued unless the Legislature has given the Town and owners more time to comply. Owners should not count on this legislative extension and should do everything possible to comply by October 1, 2022.
Agreements (plowing/road associations maintenance)
Private way road Associations
16 roads
No Association or Information Outdated
81 roads (whole and partial)
Association Registered & In Good Standing
General Area
Miles of Town plowed private ways
# Signed Releases @ Origination
Current Homes & Owners/Abutters 2020
Number of Roads
Sebago Lake
Highland Lake
Forest Lake
Little Sebago Lake
This cannot be done. LD 1723 allows only those roads identified to be included in this process since the Town has serviced them for more than 20 years or by prior agreement. The objective for the Town is to not add any new or existing private roads to this listing.
The Road Association or property owners of the road areas can simply notify the Town to discontinue winter snow removal services in a letter signed by 51% of property owners or the Road Association president. The road (area) will then be taken off the winter maintenance listing permanently. The road cannot be placed back on the winter maintenance list.
Yes, our website has prepared lists which include owners of record as of August 2021 and a searchable database to our most current data on the property owners/abutters. (The prepared lists are a "snapshot" and may change if any owner sells or splits a property.) We also have a Road Classification Map available for your reference.
This is difficult to project based on many factors. That cost will vary based on profile of the road, ditching, limb maintenance, length or road, number of users, etc. The Town Road Commissioner will recommend improvements over three years to the Association, on a continuous basis. The improvements are the minimum standard for safe passage, we do not plan to have these Town Plowed private ways brought to the regular Town road standards since this simply would not work for these smaller roads.
Please see the link on this webpage for the new Winter Maintenance of Designated Private Ways ordinance. Council will be discussing this ordinance going forward and considering amendments.
Yes, the private accesses (Private Ways) we are discussing were created prior October 22, 2009, around the lakes. The other two definitions in our ordinance on being constructed after 2009.
Definitions from our ordinance:
Private Road, Major. A street constructed on or after October 22, 2009, that complies in width and construction with the specifications for private roads in Section 911.M.5, "Traffic Conditions and Streets," and serves more than ten (10) lots.
Private Road, Minor. A street constructed on or after October 22, 2009, that complies in width and construction with the specifications for private roads in Section 911.M.5, "Traffic Conditions and Streets," and serves ten (10) or fewer lots.
Private Way. A street that was constructed prior to October 22, 2009, that does not meet the specifications for private roads in Section 911.M.5 "Traffic Conditions and Streets," and that has not been accepted by the Town of Windham. Private ways do not include access ways typically referred to as tote roads or woods roads.
This legislation was introduced separately from Windham's LD 1723 and applies to any town. It is basically a way for the group of property owners/abutters (four or less) on any road to complete maintenance on a private road or way and assess those cost equally to all. While this legislation provides a way to collect assessments on small private roads, it does not resolve our challenges concerning liability, ownership, point of contact, etc. and therefore does not avoid the need for a road association.
Yes, there will be a check list that the Town will use in the rotation review of each road. The Public Works Director, Town Engineer and one Councilor will be the review team. Maintenance includes, but is not limited to, snowplowing, snow removal, sanding and ice control: grading, "crown" of road and adding gravel and surface material; installing, cleaning and replacing culverts, creating and maintaining ditches, drains, catch basins and other storm water management infrastructure including runoff; creating and maintaining sight distances on curves, intersections, straightaways; and cutting brush, trees and vegetation; moving obstacles to safe plowing standards, all in the right of ways as defined by each private way. The objective is to have a safe passable roadway addressing basic road maintenance issues for winter plowing and seasonal travel.
No, the road sign remains the same.
We (the Council and Manager) understand that it is not common for a municipality to be involved in plowing private roads to the extent that Windham has for decades. We desire to address this issue with a balanced solution. Our objective is to bring the Town of Windham into alignment with the law without ceasing to provide a service which provides safe access to these identified properties and helps protect our many endangered watersheds. After considerable research and discussion, the Town does not see any other possible solution. Not addressing this situation places the community at risk on several levels. We look forward to working cooperatively with owners to put the necessary legal framework in place to continue this practice.