text:
It is far more powerful when seen in its religious context than when it is merely a political speech. – A.E. Elmore
Few speeches have had more influence or been more examined than President Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address.
Delivered 150 years ago today as the closing remarks at the dedication of a cemetery, the short speech — or at least a portion of it — is etched into the minds of most Americans. Books have been written analyzing the 272-word speech's structure, rhetorical tools, historical context and legacy.
But nearly all the books and papers examining this famous and enduring speech either gloss over or completely miss the religious language and meaning of the Gettysburg Address, said A.E. Elmore, a retired English professor and playwright.
He examined every word of the address and found that many of the more prominent terms and phrases Lincoln used come from religious texts familiar to most people in the mid-19th century.
"It is far more powerful when seen in its religious context than when it is merely a political speech," said Elmore, who published his analysis in the book "Lincoln's Gettysburg Address: Echoes of the Bible and Book of Common Prayer."
Religious language
The opening of the speech — and arguably the most familiar line — "Four score and seven years ago ..." used a biblical form of counting to remind the audience that the nation's founding principle of equality was penned 87 years ago, when the Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776.
The writer of the Old Testament book of Pslams (Psalm 90:10) uses that counting to describe old age: "The days of our years are threescore years and ten; and if by reason of strength they be fourscore years, yet is their strength labour and sorrow; for it is soon cut off, and we fly away."
Elmore said Lincoln used that to describe a nation that is growing older and is ready for the "new birth of freedom" that the president pronounces at the end of the speech.
Terms and phrases such as "conceive," "brought forth," "dedicate," "consecrate," "struggle," "under God," "new birth" and "perish" all have biblical and Book of Common Prayer origins and connotations that Elmore said would have resonated with the audience.
He explained that leaders of both the Union and the Confederacy used the Bible to justify their stances on slavery and that Lincoln was skilled at using biblical language to emphasize a point.
"Religious language was a part of him," Elmore said. "He could hardly talk without echoing the rhythms of the King James Bible and the Book of Common Prayer."
Elmore, a lifelong Episcopalian, said Lincoln attended the Episcopal Church in the first years of his marriage in Springfield, Ill., and would have been familiar with the faith's Book of Common Prayer, which details the prayers to be said during church sacraments, ceremonies and other occasions.
And the dedication of a cemetery, which was in large part a religious ceremony complete with prayers and a hymn, was an ideal occasion for Lincoln to tap into his audience's religious as well as political motivations, Elmore contends.
"Nothing in (the Gettysburg Address) was unconscious, from my point of view, everything was fully intentional," he said.
Facts and fiction
One of the most enduring myths about the address was that Lincoln hastily prepared for the event, jotting the famous words down on the back of an envelope on the train ride to Gettysburg or composing them in his head on the platform during the two-hour speech that preceded the president's remarks.
Most historians dismiss those accounts, concluding they describe a process uncharacteristic of Lincoln.
"(Lincoln's) law partner, William Herndon, having observed Lincoln's careful preparation of cases, recorded that he was a slow writer, who liked to sort out his points and tighten his logic and his phrasing," wrote Gary Wills, whose book, "Lincoln at Gettysburg: Words that Remade America," won a Pulitzer Prize. "That is the process vouched for in every other case of Lincoln's memorable public statements."
Wills also notes that Lincoln's role in the ceremony was to simply offer closing remarks and not deliver a long speech. But he took advantage of his limited role in the event by carefully crafting a powerful argument for what was at stake in the Civil War — preserving the founding principle of equality and proving to the world that people can govern themselves, wrote historian Doris Kearns Goodwin.
In her book "Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln," Goodwin wrote that the dedication's main speaker, Edward Everett, wrote Lincoln the following day, praising the president for his concise and eloquent speech: "I should be glad if I could flatter myself that I came as near to the central idea of the occasion, in two hours, as you did in two minutes."
Wills wrote that Lincoln's expertly crafted remarks became the accepted interpretation of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution that instilled in people the idea that the United States had to be united.
"By accepting the Gettysburg Address, and its concept of a single people dedicated to a proposition, we have been changed," Wills wrote about its impact today. "Because of it, we live in a different America."
Lincoln's religion
Another disputed point among some historians is whether the phrase "under God" was in Lincoln's original draft of the speech or spontaneously inserted as he stood at the podium, as some accounts claim.
Elmore contends that Lincoln left nothing to chance, conscientiously and carefully chosing every phrase of the address and skillfully using rhetorical devices that connected each sentence or thought to a preceding one.
"That is absolute nonsense," Elmore said of the claim that "under God" was not in the original draft of the speech. "The oldest copy (copied verbatim from the written speech by an Associated Press reporter who covered the event) that we have contains that phrase. It was as intentional as every other phrase in that speech."
However, two of the earlier copies of the speech do not contain the phrase.
That dispute is sometimes brought up in debating how religious Lincoln was.
Writer Stephen Mansfield, who has written about the faith of presidents, including Lincoln, said Lincoln's faith, like that of many people, evolved from a period of disbelief and skepticism to a profound personal reliance on God to carry him through periods of grief, sorrow and worry.
Mansfield said Lincoln told his cabinet that the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed slaves in the rebelling states, was issued 11 months before the Gettysburg Address, would keep his end of a covenant with God, who would then deliver victories for the Union.
"He had come to understand history as orchestrated by God, nations as accountable to him, and men as the means by which God fulfills his will," Mansfield wrote in his "Lincoln's Battle with God."
Mansfield said he wrote his book to fill a void between historians who ignored how Lincoln's faith influenced his life and decisions and others who have over played Lincoln as a prophet.
"He never joined a church and didn't speak much about Jesus, but you can't write the second inaugural address unless you are a man of faith at some level," said Mansfield, who considers Lincoln's inaugural speech after he was re-elected as one of the greatest American political sermons.
Elmore, too, wrote his book to fill a void left by historians who paid no attention to the religious content of the Gettysburg Address. Elmore, who taught a course at Athens State University on the famous speech, said the idea came to him after an article he wrote on the topic was rejected by the Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association.
"So, I thought if the leading authorities on Lincoln can't hear the Bible when it's pointed out to them, that must be true with a lot of people, and that's why I wrote a whole book about it," Elmore said. "We live in such a biblically ignorant age. Most people are incredibly ignorant of the King James Bible."
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Twitter: @deseretbrown


text:
NATIONAL NEWS: British holidaymakers flee Tunisia after government warning
The Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) has warned against all but essential travel to Tunisia following intelligence that a terrorist attack is "highly likely".
A gunman killed 38 holidaymakers - including 30 Britons and three people from Ireland - in last month's beach massacre at Sousse which came after 22 people, mostly tourists, were killed at the National Bardo Museum outside Tunis in March.
All of the Britons who were killed in Sousse on June 26 were Thomson and First Choice customers.
Following the government's warning, Thomson and First Choice immediately cancelled all flights to Tunisia for the summer season adding that "as a precautionary measure we have taken the decision to repatriate all British Thomson and First Choice staff currently working in Tunisia within the next 24 hours."
Thomas Cook, which cancelled all future bookings to Tunisia up to October 31, said it is putting on an extra flight today to bring its customers back to the UK.
The returning holidaymakers will touch down in Manchester as some of the funerals of the Britons killed in Sousse take place.
Foreign Secretary Philip Hammond told the BBC: "While we do not have any information suggesting a specific or imminent threat, since the attack in Sousse the intelligence and threat picture has developed considerably leading us to the view that a further terrorist attack is highly likely."
In updated travel advice, the FCO said: "Since the attack in Sousse, we have been working closely with the Tunisian authorities to investigate the attack and the wider threat from terrorist groups in Tunisia.
"Although we have had good co-operation from the Tunisian government, including putting in place additional security measures, the intelligence and threat picture has developed considerably, reinforcing our view that a further terrorist attack is highly likely.
"On balance, we do not believe the mitigation measures in place provide adequate protection for British tourists in Tunisia at the present time and we have therefore changed our travel advice accordingly."
Holidaymakers should contact their tour operators about returning to Britain and independent travellers should make their own arrangements to leave, the FCO said.
A Thomas Cook spokesman said: "The safety and well-being of our customers is our primary concern ... In response to the recent change in FCO advice we have taken this decision to bring all Thomas Cook customers back to the UK as soon as we can using third party carriers and on our 10 scheduled flights over the weekend.
"Thomas Cook is strongly advising its guests in the country to return on these flights. We are also sending our specialist assistance teams to Tunisia to offer customers additional support in resort."
Monarch Airlines said it is arranging to repatriate all customers in resorts "back to the UK as soon as possible" in response to the changed advice. Flights have been organised to take them out of Tunisia by this weekend.
The airline is cancelling all flights to Enfidha for the rest of the summer season with "immediate effect". All customers who have already booked to travel there will get a full refund or credit or they may be able to change their destination.
The Association of British Travel Agents (ABTA) urged people due to travel to Tunisia to contact the company they booked through.
It said: "For anyone due to travel, you should be aware that travelling out to Tunisia at this time is likely to invalidate your travel insurance policies. Most insurance policies will still provide cover for travellers in a country at the time of Foreign Office advice change.
"Those with holidays booked within the next 48 hours to Tunisia are advised to contact your travel company to discuss available options. If you have booked a package you will be entitled to a refund or alternative holiday."
The new advice is another hammer blow for the Tunisian tourist industry.
Nabil Ammar, Tunisian ambassador to the UK, said the British Government's announcement was what the terrorists wanted.
He told BBC Two's Newsnight: "This is what the terrorists want. By damaging the tourism, by having foreigners leaving the country, they damage the whole sector and put so many people out of work and on the streets.
"Hotels have to close and this is an important industry.
"One of the sources of terrorism is lack of hope. It is not the only motor of it but it is one of the very important origins."
In response to the terror attacks Tunisia announced plans to build a barrier along the border with Libya - including fencing, a sand wall, trenches and surveillance posts - to keep out extremists following recent terror attacks claimed by the Islamic State (IS) group.

subset: commoncrawl


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07.05.2013. The explosive popularity of so-called orange wines among trendsetting sommeliers has been questioned of late. Critics dismiss them as faddish, extolled for their novelty, rather than their quality. Yet, despite all of the hype (both pro and con), the jury's still out for the majority of American wine drinkers, as they've never tasted them.
To make most modern white wines, the grapes are crushed, and the solids are quickly separated from the juice to maintain the wine's pale color. Orange wines are white wines produced more like reds, with prolonged maceration of crushed grape skins and seeds.
Often made in clay vessels or wooden barrels, they are relics of ancient winemaking traditions that trace back to the Caucasus. They've been popularized recently by Italians and Slovenians, and are produced today by enterprising winemakers worldwide.
Rather than being orange, these skin-fermented white wines range from bright gold to tawny brown. On the palate, they often possess the texture, body and tannins of red wines and the fruit and minerality of white wines. Stylistically unique, many offer earthiness, funk and a savory, richly textured mouthfeel.
Fad or not, the wines offer a wealth of virtues. Orange wines may never make it to the mainstream, but it's unlikely any of their producers had any such expectations.
Perhaps the person most responsible for reintroducing orange wines is Friulian Josko Gravner. Once a producer of crisp, easy-drinking white wines, he became disillusioned with the technological practices rampant in modern winemaking.
Through the 1990s, Gravner pared his winemaking back to the basics, looking to ancient Georgia for inspiration. In the late '90s, he invested in a qvevri, a traditional Georgian clay vessel. He buried it and emulated ancient techniques, fermenting and macerating white wines on the skins. The results were spiced with earthen honey and dried fruit flavors, and rippled with minerality and tannin.
Elements of his skin-contact winemaking can now be seen in wines throughout Italy, neighboring Slovenia and beyond. In less than a decade, Gravner's wines, and those of many of his colleagues, became ubiquitous in high-end restaurants and wine bars.
Despite how quickly these wines emerged, Courtney Hughes, the national operations and marketing manager for Gravner's U.S. importer, Domaine Select Wine Estates, believes the wines are not a fad.
"There is both an intellectual and an emotional component to these wines that people are able to appreciate and respond to, if provided the opportunity to experience them in the proper setting, not unlike with artwork," she says.
Pheasant's Tears
The sudden popularity of orange wines didn't go unnoticed in Georgia, where qvevri wines have been produced for at least 5,000 years. Lined with beeswax and buried in the ground, qvevri provide natural temperature control and slow, oxidative aging that produces earthy, texturally distinct skin-contact wines.
In Georgia, many export-minded wine producers have readily embraced modern, international-style winemaking. But a handful of small, independent qvevri enthusiasts are captivating new audiences, especially within the burgeoning natural wine movement. John Wurdeman, an expatriate American painter who founded Pheasant's Tears, is one of the most outspoken advocates.
"When we first started marketing these wines, we didn't realize there was such a difference between the natural wine world and the conventional wine world," he says.
But his traditionally crafted "amber" wines—a term he prefers to orange—unintentionally found a place in the natural wine category.
Chris Terrell, the U.S. importer for Pheasant's Tears, admits that these wines are niche products.
"They will never be poolside drinkers," Terrell says, "but that's what makes them so special. Wine is a journey, and these wines capture the essence of Georgia—something very moving and intense."
Channing Daughters
Inspired by Friulian examples, J. Christopher Tracy, partner and winemaker at Channing Daughters Winery on Long Island, New York, began experimenting with skin-fermented white wines in 2004.
"Before there was even an orange wine category in the U.S.," he says.
Like some counterparts in Italy and Slovenia, Tracy ferments his white wines on their skins before maturing them in Slovenian and/or French oak. Channing Daughters' three skin-contact wines are musky, with sweet vanilla-spice and orange-cream notes, intense fruit and floral flavors and bristling tea-leaf tannins.
"In our tasting room, often these are love-it-or-hate-it sort of wines," he says. "But what's interesting is how often people who think they don't like white wines fall in love with the structure, the tannin and the mouthfeel—the red wine experience that these white wines can provide.
"You're never going to find them at discount prices at large retail stores," Tracy says, "because they're simply not made at that scale. That's what will always keep things niche."
As for whether these wines are a fading trend, "They've been around for thousands of years," he says. "They may come in and out of favor, but they're not going anywhere. These wines bring too much to the table. They taste too damn good to go away."
A Sommelier's Perspective
Levi Dalton, a veteran New York City sommelier who has worked closely with acclaimed chefs like Daniel Boulud, Masa Takayama and Michael White, was one of the earliest—and is still one of the most vocal—devotees of orange wines.
To the uninitiated, their initial charm was their challenging nature, says Dalton: "You couldn't sell them the way you do normal wines. If you put a big skull and dagger on them, or warning signs telling people they can't handle them, they sell out the roof."
Dalton's interest in these wines developed from their versatility in navigating a meal's progression of courses. Traditionally, a white wine would accompany fish and a red wine would accompany meat, but, says Dalton, "these wines offer a delicacy of flavors that complement fish, but are structured enough to stand up to a meat course."
Furthermore, should a meat course (accompanied by red wine) precede a fish course, "an orange wine pairing won't fall apart after serving a big red wine the way that a white wine would."
Faced with a table of guests, each ordering a different entrée, skin-contact wines offer maximum dexterity. "They're like a get-out-of-jail-free card," he says.
But to truly appreciate their full potential, they need to be served correctly.
"The more you treat them like a Barolo, the better these wines are," Dalton says.
To maximize their appeal, Dalton serves these wines at cellar temperatures, preferably after decanting, to allow their aromas and structure to open.
Recommended Skin-Contact Wines
94 Gravner 2005 Amfora Ribolla Gialla (Venezia Giulia). Domaine Select Wine Estates. —M.L.
abv:13% Price: $120
91 Vodopivec 2006 Classica Vitovska (Venezia Giulia). Domaine Select Wine Estates. Cellar Selection. —M.L.
abv:13% Price: $85
92 Movia 2007 Veliko (Brda). Domaine Select Wine Estates. —A.I.
abv:12.5% Price: $50
90 Edi Simˇciˇc 2010 Sauvignon (Goriška Brda). August Wine Group. —A.I.
abv:14.5% Price: $45
90 Kabaj 2006 Amfora (Goriška Brda). Blue Danube Wine Co. —A.I.
abv:12.7% Price: $90
92 Alaverdi Monastery Cellar 2010 Qvevri Traditional Kakhuri Unfiltered Amber Rkatsiteli (Kakheti). Terrell Wines. —A.I.
abv:13% Price: $25
90 Pheasant's Tears 2009 Dry Unfiltered Amber Rkatsiteli (Kakheti). Terrell Wines. —A.I.
abv:12.5% Price: $18
United States
91 Channing Daughters 2009 Meditazione (Long Island). —A.I.
abv:12% Price: $40


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Irving Langmuir |
He was also influenced by his older brother, Arthur, a chemist, who helped Langmuir set up his first lab in the corner of his bedroom.
In 1892, the family moved to Paris. Upon returning to America, Langmuir graduated from the Pratt Institute's Manual Training High School in Brooklyn and went on to earn a BS in metallurgical engineering from the Colarado School of Mines in 1903.
Langmuir attended graduate school at Gottingen University, working under Walter Nernst, who was both a theoretician and an inventor of the so-called "Nernst glower", an electric lamp.
Langmuir's PhD in 1906 was granted for research done using Nernst's lamp, attempting to determine what happened to various gases produced in the presence of a hot platinum wire. This work laid the groundwork for many of his later interests.
He returned to the US to teach chemistry at Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, New Jersey.
After spending the summer of 1909 doing research with the General Electric Company in Schenectady, New York, he accepted a position there as a researcher. The focus of his early research was on the use of the lightbulb for the study of gas at varying temperatures and pressures, similar to his thesis research in Gottingen.
His first project was to solve the problems the company was having with the new tungsten filament light bulbs: the lamps would "blacken" or grow dim as the inside of the bulb became coated with evaporated tungsten. Based on his investigations of the chemical reactions catalyzed by the hot tungsten filament, Langmuir found that the presence of nitrogen slowed the evaporation process, and that thin filaments radiated heat faster than thick filaments, while coiled tungsten wire radiated heat as if it were a solid rod. He suggested filling the bulbs with nitrogen (and later, argon) gas, and twisting the filament into a spiral form to inhibit the vaporization of tungsten.
His improved device, patented on April 18, 1916, soon made the Nernst lamp and others like it virtually obsolete, and is the basis for the design still used today.
However, the work for which Langmuir is best know is his work in surface chemistry, as well as his elaboration on the theory of chemical bonding in terms of electrons, first expressed by Gilbert Lewis.
In Lewis's model electrons formed stable groups of eight at the corners of a cube. Langmuir proposed that these octets could be filled by sharing pairs between two atoms: the "covalent" bond.
In the area of surface chemistry, he developed a new concept adsorption, in which every molecule striking a surface remains in contact with it before evaporating, thus forming a firmly held monolayer.
He was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1932 for this work, the first nonacademic chemist to be so honored.
Throughout his long, productive life, Langmuir made many other significant contributions in both physics and chemistry.
He discovered hydrogen in its atomic form, which led to the development of an atomic hydrogen welding torch that produced a flame of such high temperature that it is still used for welding metals which are not affected by the standard oxyacetylene. His studies also offered the first clear picture of thermionic emission: the flow of charged particles from hot metals.
He was among the first to work with plasmas, and actually coined the term to describe the aggregations of ionized gas with unusual electric and magnetic properties.
And he introduced the concept of electron temperature and invented the device to measure it: the thermionic probe.
Furthermore, his research helped develop technology employed to win both World Wars: submarine detection devices during WWI, which Langmuir later drew upon to improve the quality of sound recordings; and the development of protective smoke screens and methods for de-icing aircraft wings. The latter research led to his work in the somewhat controversial area of weather control, using dry ice pellets and silver iodide crystals to seed clouds.
Langmuir's other interests encompassed far more than just science. Mount Langmuir in Alaska is named after him; he was a lifelong avid climber who climbed the Matterhorn and explored the Adirondacks. He also flew airplanes, skied, skated, and once walked 52 miles in one day. He was the subject of a 1999 documentary for public television, "Langmuir's World," directed by his grandson, Roger Summerhayes.
And his association with GE colleague Bernard Vonnegut—brother to novelist Kurt—led to his being a model for a character in Vonnegut's novel, Cat's Cradle.
Langmuir also contributed the notion that there might be a form of ice that remains crystalline at room temperature, which Vonnegut dubbed "ice-nine." Langmuir died in Woods Hole, Massachusetts in 1957.
APS encourages the redistribution of the materials included in this newspaper provided that attribution to the source is noted and the materials are not truncated or changed.


text:
Advertisement |
Marc Gasol i Sàez (born January 29, 1985, in Barcelona, Spain) is a Spanish professional basketball player for the NBA's Memphis Grizzlies. He was drafted in the second round, 48th overall, by the Los Angeles Lakers in the 2007 NBA Draft. He stands 7'1" tall and is the younger brother of current Lakers power forward Pau Gasol.
While he spent almost all of his childhood in the Barcelona area, he moved as a teenager with his parents to the Memphis suburb of Germantown, Tennessee in 2001, after his older brother Pau Gasol was drafted and signed by the Memphis Grizzlies, who finalized their move from Vancouver just after the draft. Gasol played high school basketball at Lausanne Collegiate School in Memphis. He was named Division 2's Mr. Basketball in 2003 following a senior season in which he averaged 26 points, 13 rebounds and six blocks per game. His parents still live in Germantown.
After his graduation from Lausanne, Gasol returned to his home country of Spain to play in the Liga ACB. He originally played with FC Barcelona before moving to Akasvayu Girona, where he played two seasons and was named the 2008 ACB Most Valuable Player.


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From Joomla! Documentation
(Redirected from Screen.frontpage.15)
How to Access[edit]
Select Content → Front Page Manager from the drop-down menu in the back-end of your Joomla! installation. You can also click on the "Front Page Manager" icon in the Control Panel.
The Front Page Manager is the place where you control which Articles are displayed on the Front Page and in what order they are displayed. The Front Page is often the Home page of a web site, but it can be any page in the site. The Front Page is created using a Menu Item with the Front Page layout.
Column Headers[edit]
Click on the column heading to sort the list by that column's value.
- #. An indexing number automatically assigned by Joomla! for ease of reference.
- Checkbox. Check this box to select one or more items. To select all items, check the box in the column heading. After one or more boxes are checked, click a toolbar button to take an action on the selected item or items. Many toolbar actions, such as Publish and Unpublish, can work with multiple items. Others, such as Edit, only work on one item at a time. If multiple items are checked and you press Edit, the first item will be opened for editing.
- Title. The name of the item. For a Menu Item, the Title will display in the Menu. For an Article, Section, or Category, the Title may optionally be displayed on the web page. This entry is required. You can open the item for editing by clicking on the Title.
- Published. The Article's Published status. The possible values are shown under the main window, as shown below:
- You can toggle the Published state on and off by clicking on the icon in this column. A status of Pending means that an Article's Start Publishing Date is in the future. You can hover on the icon to see an Article's Start and Stop Publishing dates.
- Order. The order in which to display the Articles on the Front Page. If the list is sorted by this column, you can change the order by clicking the arrows or by entering the sequential order and clicking 'Save Order'. Note that the display order on the Front Page is set in the Parameters - Advanced section for the Front Page Blog Menu Item. To sort Front Page Articles using this Order value, set the Category Order to "No. Order by Primary Order Only" and set the Primary Order to "Default". If these Parameters are set to other values (for example, "Oldest First" or "Title (Alphabetical)"), then the Articles will be sorted that way and this column will be ignored.
- Access Level. Who has access to this item. Current options are:
- Public: Everyone has access
- Registered: Only registered users have access
- Special: Only users with author status or higher have access
- You can change an item's Access Level by clicking on the icon in the column.
- ID. The ID number. This is a unique identification number for this item assigned automatically by Joomla!. It is used to identify the item internally, for example in internal links. You can not change this number.
- Section. The Section this item belongs to. Clicking on the Section Title opens the Section for editing. See Section Manager - Edit.
- Category. The Category this item belongs to. Clicking on the Category title opens the Category for editing. See Category Manager - Edit.
- Author. Name of the Joomla! User who created this item. Clicking on the Author opens the User for editing. See User Manager - Edit.
- Display #. The number of items to display on one page. If there are more items than this number, you can use the page navigation buttons (Start, Prev, Next, End, and page numbers) to navigate between pages. Note that if you have a large number of items, it may be helpful to use the Filter options, located above the column headings, to limit which items display (where applicable).
At the top right you will see the toolbar:
The functions are:
- Archive. To change one or more Articles to Archived status, select them and press this button. Archived Articles are retained on the site and are available for viewing on Menu Items with a Type of Archive Layout. They can not be published to other pages while set to Archived status. Note that Articles assigned to the "Uncategorized" Section will not show on the Archived Article List layout.
- Publish. To publish one or more items, select them and click on this button.
- Unpublish. To unpublish one or more items, select them and click on this button.
- Remove. To remove one or more Articles from the Front Page, click on the checkbox for each Article and press the Remove button. The removed Articles may still be available on other pages. This only removes them from the Front Page.
- Help. Opens this Help Screen.
List Filters[edit]
Filter by Partial Title
You can filter the list of items either by entering in part of the title or the ID number. You can also select a combination of Section, Category, Author, and Published State.
- Filter. In the upper left corner just above the column headings is a Filter field and two buttons, as shown below: If you have a large number of items on the list, you can use this filter to find the desired item(s) quickly. Enter either part of the title and press 'Go' to display the matching items. You can enter in whole words or part of a word. For example, "ooml" will match all titles with the word "Joomla!" in them. You can also search for a specific item id by entering "id:" followed by the id number. For example, "id:123" will find the item with an id of '123'.
Filter by Section, Category, Author, Published State
In the area in the upper right, above the column headings, there are 4 drop-down list boxes as shown below:
The selections may be combined. Only items matching all selections will display in the list.
- Select Section. Use the drop-down list box to select the desired Section. Only items in this Section will display. You may also select 'Uncategorized'.
- Select Category. Use the drop-down list box to select the desired Category. Only items in this Category will display.
- Select Author. Use the drop-down list box to select the desired Author. Only Articles with this Author will display.
- Select Status. Use the drop-down list box to select the published state: Published, Unpublished, Trashed, or All. For Articles, you may also select Archived. Important: With the default setting of -Select Status-, the screen only shows Published and Unpublished items. If you have the filter set to -Select Status- and you change items to Trashed, the Trashed items will disappear from the screen. However, they have not been permanently deleted. To do that you need to:
- Change the filter to Trashed. The Delete icon will now show in the toolbar.
- Select the items you want to permanently delete.
- Click on the Delete icon.
- You can see all items, regardless of their published state, by selecting All for this filter. You can also re-publish Trashed items by selecting them and clicking on the Publish icon in the toolbar.
Quick Tips[edit]
- Only the Articles that have already been added to the Front Page will display on this screen. Articles can be added to the Front Page in the Article Manager or when an Article is added or edited in Article Manager - New/Edit.
- You can control the number of columns, number of articles, and other features of the Front Page layout in the Menu Item Manager - New/Edit - Front Page Blog Layout.
Related Information[edit]
- To change the way Articles are displayed on the Front Page Layout: Menu Item Manager - New/Edit - Front Page Blog Layout
- To work with Articles: Article Manager
- To work with Categories: Category Manager
- To work with Sections: Section Manager
- To work with Users: User Manager


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WhatsApp is a renowned messaging service that has been around for some time now. Although you can use it on the web, WhatsApp has launched a desktop app for both Windows and Mac OS X platforms.
This new desktop version of the app will be great for some users, as it no longer needs to take up any space in your web browser. The new app basically works as an extension of your phone; it mirrors messages and conversations from your device.
Using the desktop version of the app comes with advantages including proper native desktop notifications and better keyboard shortcuts. You simply need WhatsApp installed and working on your phone and Windows 8 or later on your desktop.
Using the desktop version of WhatsApp is easy; as soon as you have downloaded and installed the app, you simply need to scan the QR code on the screen with your phone using WhatsApp (Open WhatsApp, click Menu and select WhatsApp Web). Then, as soon as it is recognised, the desktop app will be linked with your account.
It is worth noting that since the desktop app uses your mobile device to sync messages, it would probably be best to ensure that it is connected to Wi-Fi to avoid excessive data usage.


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Here's a rather silly story brought to my attention recently. It should tell us something about how very silly lawyers' views of morals and the law have become in recent years. According to Religion News Service, among others, one Dola Indidis, a lawyer in Kenya, has petitioned the International Court of Justice to nullify the conviction and death sentence handed down to—Jesus Christ. Yes, Jesus Christ. As this news story quotes Indidis, "The selective and malicious prosecution (of Jesus) violated his human rights."
It is important to note that this particular bit of lawsuit abuse is not something we can blame on Kenya in particular; the authorities there have shown common sense in dealing with the case. The Kenyan high court dismissed Mr. Indidis' suit on the grounds that it lacked jurisdiction. That is, the court wisely ruled that a 2,000 year-old conviction handed down in a province of the long-defunct Roman Empire was, legally speaking, none of its business; and, of course, courts only have one business, namely, upholding the laws of their land. Moreover, a spokesman for the Archdiocese of Nairobi pointed out the metaphysical mistake on which the suit is based, observing that "Jesus was not vulnerable and nobody can do justice to God."
If Jesus Christ determined that He would not be crucified, He would have prevented it. As to the idea that His crucifixion was an injustice liable to correction by the court, we fallible, sinful, limited human beings are incapable of "doing justice" to God. He is all knowing and all powerful. We, His creatures, owe him more than we can possibly give to him, which is why we require mercy and grace for our salvation, being incapable of earning it through our own actions. Our courts have enough trouble attempting to even the scales between offenders and their victims, whether civil or criminal, without seeking to achieve a metaphysical justice. Any attempt to "undo" the fact of Christ's crucifixion is as senseless as it is feckless.
Orthodox. Faithful. Free.
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Nonetheless, Mr. Indidis persists. He sees it as his duty to help "develop law," and has challenged the trial methods of Jesus' time, naming many dead people along with the states of Israel and Italy as defendants and, rather than giving up when his own high court turned him away, has switched his forum, appealing to a court that claims a kind of "world" or universal jurisdiction. This International Court of Justice decides real, concrete cases between nations that have agreed to its jurisdiction, but also hands down "advisory opinions" relating to international law submitted to it by any of a variety of persons or organs. In so doing, of course, the court is applying, not the law of any one land, but rather that combination of treaties, compacts, and declarations making up what lawyers are pleased to call international law.
Of course, Indidis has no chance of gaining a hearing at the International Court of Justice, either—he is, for one thing, suing persons and nations as a "friend of Jesus" and the court only hears cases between states. But his quest to achieve legal vindication for God bespeaks a faith in the power and effectiveness of legal tribunals that is all too common, and as dangerous as it is misplaced.
International law once was a sensible body of rules rooted in the customary treatment of ambassadors, merchants, and others necessary for nations to go about their business, both during and between various forms of conflict. There was a certain natural law aspect to international law in that its decisions rested less on particular statutes or customs of specific nations than on more generally accepted norms of fairness and the common good. In seeking to vindicate the reasonable expectations of parties coming from differing nations and traditions, its practitioners had to look to broader, civilizational customs and even human nature in their assumptions and decisions. Increasingly, however, international tribunals have sought to substitute abstract pronouncements about what is right for the concrete arguments necessary to maintain the possibility of order among nations. From enforcing treaties and contracts, international courts have moved to the adjudication of claims of human rights violations. Of course, natural law, with its religious roots and presuppositions, has been discredited in these bodies. Instead they use a desiccated Kantianism and the language of equality and "proportionality" that allows them to pretend that their policy preferences are universal goods. But that is another story.
The most obvious question that should occur to us in regard to Indidis' lawsuit is "why on Earth do we need a court to tell us that it was wrong to crucify our Lord?" The answer, of course, is that we do not need this, but someone might think that we need a pronouncement that the crucifixion of Jesus the man violated legal principles of human rights. What Indidis is after, and what all too many judges and lawyers are after, is vindication of legal principles they take to be the embodiment of—indeed, even the source of—moral principles.
Were Christ's human rights violated by his criminal conviction? Because God is three persons as well as one God, and Christ is one of those persons, it may not be nonsensical to speak in terms of human rights as one speaks of Christ. But is it relevant in any important way? Do our human rights capture what is most important in this life, let alone the next?
Indidis accuses Pontius Pilate, the Roman Governor who acceded to Christ's crucifixion, of "judicial misconduct, abuse of office, bias and prejudice." This is hardly true, according to our own records. Pilate wanted to let Jesus go, you will remember. It was fear of an uprising from the people he governed that led Pilate to wash his hands of the matter, refusing to stop the execution. He was a cynical coward, not an intentional murderer. It was not the Roman state alone, or even primarily, that crucified Christ.
For a Christian, it is crucial to remember that Christ was crucified for our sins. He died, not because of a miscarriage of justice, but because of our sin. We killed him. All of us. And no pompous statement from a panel of judges can change that, though it can obscure the fact from us. Indeed, such statements mislead us into believing that, if only "the process" of law were perfect, we wouldn't need to worry about difficult things like, say, our own characters and sins. But process, while it is almost all the rule of law can provide, is only as good as the ends we all pursue. A law, for example, punishing Christians for expressing their beliefs, could be instituted and applied in an entirely fair, equitable manner. There could be fair trials to determine whether a person actually said "Jesus is Lord" in public, or attempted to preach the Gospel, or expressed opposition to abortion. And those Christians could be found guilty and punished in a manner entirely consistent with the law. And we still would be living in a (law abiding, equitable) society that persecutes Christians. Our job, then, is not merely to "vindicate" legal process, but to change hearts and minds so that they will accept, or at least not persecute, our faith. More, our duty is to suffer persecution for our faith, if we must, while still bearing witness thereto.
Editor's note: The column first appeared August 29, 2013 at Imaginative Conservative and is reprinted with permission. The image above is a detail from "Christ before Pilate" painted by Mihály Munkácsy in 1881.


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This is a slightly more involved variant of this recent question. By sheer coincidence I happened to have been building a Wordfeud (Scrabble clone) game in Mathematica.
My interactive Wordfeud board in Mathematica
I used DictionaryLookup
with StringExpression
to find matches corresponding to my hand (7 letters) and the fixed letters in the same row on the board that can be used. With 15 characters on a row that would be a maximum of 8 extra letters at fixed positions.
I believe Mr.wizard's solution of generating all permutations would be unbearably slow in this case. I wonder whether the mma.se community has better ideas for this variant.
Being far removed from my own MMA installation I can't currently post what I've got so far, but will do so this weekend. My solution typically took somewhere around 10-20 secs if memory serves, which is a tad slow.
The next step-up in complexity would be having to deal with all potential words crossing your row. Extra points if you have ideas to tackle that efficiently.


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5 legendary Warwick players and their signature basses
Bootsy Collins
Warwick is one of the biggest names in the bass world, and across the following pages, we profile five of the company's most iconic signature artists and their instruments.
The instrument prices quoted are from the current Warwick catalogue and offer the cheapest options where applicable, so these represent their minimum prices. Kicking things off, here's one of the funkiest men on the planet...
Bootsy Collins
Few bass players are more flamboyant in style and technique than the legendary Bootsy Collins who first became noticed during his time with James Brown in the 1960s.
As the master of funk he's played with Parliament and Funkadelic and more recently with Fatboy Slim as well as having a solo career. His German-made Warwick Signature Infinity bass is known as the Black Star or Orange Star depending on your choice. It stands out but is very tastefully done.
Bootsy Collins Artist Series
Active pickups, 4-string, Bootsy Collins Black Graphic £1546
Jack Bruce
During his time with Cream in the sixties, Jack's inventive riffs and unique playing style helped to elevate bass improvisation to a new level.
His association with the Warwick Thumb Fretless caused much interest and led to the Jack Bruce Signature model, a modified fretless 4-string Thumb Bass with MEC active pickups and LED position markers on the side of the neck.
Jack Bruce Signature (Thumb NT)
Thumb Bass, 4-string, fretted or fretless £5113
Jonas Hellborg
Swedish session bassist Hellborg has performed with many bands including the Mahavishnu Orchestra and Ginger Baker.
He's helped design Warwick bass amplification and his recent Hellborg Signature Bass is an unusual archtop with a double cutaway and an 18-volt active circuit. It's basically a solid body although it appears to be acoustic.
Jonas Hellborg Bass
4-string, Satin Natural finish or Nirvana Black £6047
Stuart Zender
Stuart Zender is best known and loved for his highly funky style during his time with Jamiroquai, the band he he joined in 1993.
Although often found in the producer's chair these days, he's been playing with Mark Ronson since 2006 sporting his signature Warwick Zender bass (pictured).
Stuart Zender Artist Series
Active pickups, 4-string, Black High Polish £1,340
Adam Clayton
During his long career with U2 Adam has used a variety of basses from the classic to the quirky but his Warwick Adam Clayton Reverso Signature bass is something very special indeed.
With a stretched body and a Buzzard-style neck and headstock it definitely falls into this quirky category.
Adam Clayton Artist Series
Active pickups, 4-string, Gold Metallic £1,545


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Hi guys,
This is both a post for a pain in the butt that I found in Deluge and my current workaround for it, so it's here if anyone needs it (it's not "solved", it's just how I work around it and hopefully someone can give me some help with the issue). So let's get to it:
I'm using the gtk-ui, not web-ui.
Situation: When I add a new torrent, Deluge has a section where you can set the "Download Location", and it defaults to whatever you set the default folder to be. For ease of argument let's just say it's the ~/ folder. So, I change the download location to one NOT already there on the drop-down menu (this is important) and add the torrent.
Expected Result: torrent downloads to specified folder
Actual Result: torrent downloads to ~/
However, this does NOT happen if I select a directory that is already there on the drop-down menu, which are the default locations, various hard-drives, and bookmarked locations. (This is important; we will come back to this later.)
In other words, Deluge did not pay attention to where I wanted the torrent to download. Now, if I go into preferences and changed the default location, then it will download to that location, but that's where things get interesting. If I select a directory that is already on the drop-down menu and click Apply, there is no problem. HOWEVER, if I select a directory NOT on the drop-down menu, when I click Apply the default location goes back to ~! But you know how a directory you select now appears as an option on the drop-down menu now, right? So if I now select the new save directory which appears in the drop-down menu and them click Apply, it works fine. This leads to my workaround:
Workaround: Apparently Deluge has no problem saving to a directory already in the drop-down menu. So, in the Add Torrent window, select your desired directory, so then it now appears as an option on the drop-down menu. Then, select another directory from the drop-down menu, and then reselect your desired directory (again, from the down-down menu). Now when you add the torrent, it will save to the desired directory.
Now, while my workaround works, it's a pain. Also, there is still a problem with moving the torrent after it's been added. When I "Move Storage", on a torrent after it's been added, nothing happens. So in summary, a pain in the butt.
Some things I've been looking at that might solve the problem:
1) Downgrading libtorrent-rasterbar and boost-libs. I've seen this solution around the forum, but that's doesn't really sound like a "solution" to me, and it's not guaranteed to work.
2) I read something about setting the running user for Deluge from "deluge", which apparent is the default user for it, to the current user. Now, I have no idea how in the world to do that, so maybe can help me with that.
I also read somewhere about changing directory permissions using chown, and I tried that but it didn't work. Like, I can't set EVERY folder to "deluge:deluge", that would be dumb (if you have no idea what I'm talking about, don't worry about it. If you do, well aren't you proud of yourself ).
So, if anyone can give some insight on how to get the changing download location to work PROPERLY or how to be able to move the torrent after it's been added, please respond! If there's anything else you need to know, feel free to ask.
So here's some other things as well:
/srv/deluge/.config/deluge/(files, such as auth) does not exist for me, and for some reason I can't cd into /srv/deluge/.config from the terminal, even though it DOES exist. ~/.config/deluge/(files) exists though.
My /etc/conf.d/deluged file looks like this:
Adding the line DELUGE_USER="(user)" to the top of the /etc/conf.d/deluged file seems to have no effect.
I'm having similar issues since libtorrent-rasterbar-1:0.16.2-1 update. My completed files are not moved anymore to the desired folder. So far I couldn't find a solution. I'm running deluged on a remote server machine and use it via the gtk client over locale network. Permission could be the problems here:
http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/foru … nt-discuss
* fix permissions issue on linux whith noatime
enabled for non-owned files
I am also experiencing problems with deluge-1.3.5-1 and libtorrent-rasterbar 1:0.16.2-1.
Additionally, I have noticed a similar problem with LinuxDC++ (linuxdcpp 1.1.0-3).
Any set download directories are ignored and everything is downloaded to ~/ instead.
Likewise, pointing to a directory for the share is unsuccessful as well and always defaults back to ~/.
I'm having similar issues since libtorrent-rasterbar-1:0.16.2-1 update. My completed files are not moved anymore to the desired folder. So far I couldn't find a solution. I'm running deluged on a remote server machine and use it via the gtk client over locale network. Permission could be the problems here:
http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/foru … nt-discuss
* fix permissions issue on linux whith noatime
enabled for non-owned files
Ah i am not alone. Same usecase, same problem..
He hoped and prayed that there wasn't an afterlife. Then he realized there was a contradiction involved here and merely hoped that there wasn't an afterlife.
Douglas Adams
Not sure if these are one or two different issues. Can somebody with access to log files report it upstream please?
Having exactly the same problem.
Any solution besides downgrading?
Having same issues. I've talked with a dev on irc channel and he said that it's probably related to Ticket #2140
I've found a workaround for default download directory. Just edit /home/you/.config/deluge/core.conf file, edit line :
"download_location": "/media/asd/Downloads",
Any solution?
[root@server64 andyrtr]# grep location /srv/deluge/.config/deluge/core.conf
"download_location": "/mnt/share/nfs/andyrtr/Gemeinsame_Dateien/download/deluge/tmp/",
"compact_allocation": false,
"geoip_db_location": "/usr/share/GeoIP/GeoIP.dat",
"torrentfiles_location": "/srv/deluge",
"autoadd_location": "/mnt/share/nfs/andyrtr/Gemeinsame_Dateien/download/deluge/torrents_ueberwacht/",
"plugins_location": "/srv/deluge/.config/deluge/plugins"
"move_completed_path": "/mnt/share/nfs/andyrtr/Gemeinsame_Dateien/download/deluge/fertig/",
Any way to get finished files automatically moved to "move_completed_path" ?
Hm this is annoying. I\m not at the machine now but can someone test changing the path manually on core.conf, then perhaps set a sticky bit on it? Does that work?
This bug is not arch specific . Its an upstream issue. The Dev is working on it.
Unix is user-friendly. It just isn't promiscuous about which users it's friendly with. - Steven King


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"I've been into Robert Johnson since 1990 or so, ever since the first box set of his works was released. I bought and wore out so many copies of that, it's unbelievable. To say that Robert Johnson made an impact on the music world is as big an understatement as anyone could ever make. He's the most influential blues artist ever.
"It's pretty compelling to think about how many songs that he wrote and recorded in such a short time that have become absolute staples of the blues. Hundreds of artists through the years have covered his work, so his songs have been played millions of times around the world for decades. He's probably right up there with the most-played artists of all time. The charts might not reflect that, but I guarantee you it's true.
"Just like Eddie Van Halen and Jimmy Page are probably the go-to guys for rock guitarists, Robert Johnson is the man you want to study if you want to play the blues. And, of course, Jimmy Page was way into Robert Johnson - so the influence extends very far indeed.
"His songs are everywhere. You can't go to a blues festival and not hear Robert Johnson. The big jams they always have at the end, where all the guitarists get up on stage and give a crowd a rousing send-off? What do they play? Sweet Home Chicago. It's a given. And then there's Ramblin' On My Mind, Crossroads, Malted Milk, Steady Rollin' Man - his songs have been covered by so many different artists, from Eric Clapton to Muddy Waters to The Rolling Stones and Cream and Led Zeppelin, just to name a few. It's just mind-blogging to think about how different, and not for the better, music would be if it weren't for Robert Johnson.
"For a guy like me, listening to Robert Johnson is always quite humbling. When I pick up an acoustic guitar and I try to play the blues, the first guy I think of, always, is Robert Johnson. And it's not like I'm trying to copy him; I'm just inspired by him. Truthfully, I'm not capable of copying him. My thumb and my right hand just can't do what he did. When I hear him play, it sounds like two guitarists playing at the same time, and that comes through loud and clear on this new Centennial Collection."
"I've certainly been exposed to and absorbed the material through the years. Unfortunately, Robert Johnson died so young, and unlike Jimi Hendrix who had a lot of recordings in the vaults, there isn't any new stuff that's been unearthed. But what did hit me right off was the quality of the recordings, which is just fantastic. The mastering job they did is absolutely beautiful.
"Compared to the original box set that was released in 1990, the clarity on this new collection is not to believed. The improvement is one of leaps and bounds. You can't even hear any of the old album scratches; it's like they're brand-new recordings almost. The richness, raw emotion and pain that was in Johnson's voice and the sound of his guitar playing - it's all right there. Such a spooky vibe. Sonically, it's a wonder.
"I think this set will turn on a whole bunch of new listeners. The licks come through in a way that will turn heads. Put it this way: If you didn't 'get' Robert Johnson before, you will now. This puts Robert Johnson right in the room with you.
"The DVD documentary [The Life & Music Of Robert Johnson: Can't You Hear The Wind Howl?] from 1997 is very cool. I've seen it before, but I think it's great that it's included here. Using Keb' Mo, who's a fantastic artist in his own right, to play Robert Johnson was an inspired bit of casting. It puts a real visual perspective to the artist's life and times, and it gives you an idea of what it must have been like to have walked in his shoes.
"For purists, I'd absolutely recommend the new box set. But I would whole-heartedly say to all the young players out there who think they want to study the blues, this is definitely a collection to check out.
"Everything comes from somewhere, of course. A lot of young guys might be getting into the blues because of Stevie Ray Vaughan, or maybe they're influenced by me or Joe Bonamassa or Jonny Lang. But we got our start from the man himself, Robert Johnson, whether directly or indirectly. If you have your heroes, find out who they studied. Go back, go back…and before you know it, you'll be at Robert Johnson. Some guys are imitators, others are creators. With Robert Johnson, he was a creator."


text:
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BMW 335i xDrive Parts
- Engine
- Fuel System
- Exterior Body
- Suspension
- Transmission
BMW 335i xDrive Parts
Quality BMW car parts online can be hard to find for your BMW 335i xDrive. A complete online BMW catalog is a must for the true BMW enthusiasts that wants to find everything they need in one place. The BMW 335i xDrive is a car that really has it all in terms of luxury, power and practicality. On FCP Euro youll find a BMW 335i xDrive catalog that features many name brand BMW parts with great price points. The 3-series E90 sedan chassis BMW was sold in the US starting in 2006, the BMW 335i xDrive wasnt available until the 2007 model year. The BMW 335i xDrive is powered by a 3.0L twin-turbo inline-6 engine producing 300 horsepower with 300 lb. ft. of torque. A term xDrive is used by BMW for their all-wheel-drive vehicles. The BMW 335i xDrive is a car thats ready to take on just about any type of weather largely due to its sophisticated xDrive system.
BMW 335i xDrive Parts from FCP Euro
Find 335i xDrive original parts online and tackle just about any job that needs to be performed to your BMW. FCP Euro carries many replacement parts and 335i accessories online to keep you driving in style. FCP Euro brings an added level of confidence because whether you're looking for BMW original parts, or aftermarket BMW 335i xDrive, EVERYTHING is backed by a quality and fitment guarantee, as well as a one year warranty. A well-engineered BMW deserves only the best replacement parts to ensure that it performs at its highest level. Enjoy the comfort and refinement of your BMW, with the best in replacement auto parts from FCP Euro. Our online catalog offers a variety of mechanical and drive-train parts to keep your BMW in operating the way it did when it first rolled off the assembly line.


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Karst in the Walbran: From Magical Mineral Baths to Tolkien Giants
by Charly Caproff
"Nature is not a place to visit. It is home."
– Gary Snyder
Across the province, a mysterious ecosystem has been developing for tens of thousands to millions of years. Created by the dissolving action of slightly acidic rainwater on carbonate bedrock (e.g. limestone), karst lands are a Tolkien novel brought to life.
Massive old-growth trees flourish on the epikarst, the exposed upper zone of a karst system. Their gnarly roots reach into the depths of the underworld, in search of water and nutrients.
The excellent drainage and nutrient recycling provided by the karst results in coastal old-growth trees with impressive height and diameter growth.
According to Martin Davis, a karst biologist, the only trees comparable to those in the karst lands are found in areas of deep soils and alluvium.
His field observations suggest that old-growth trees underlain by karst are healthier and larger in comparison to ancient trees growing on non-karst substrate in adjacent areas.
Rainwater comes into contact with the epikarst, gradually opening up fractures in the limestone. The water slips through the subsurface, connecting with a cave stream. Alternatively, surface streams may suddenly "disappear" into the secret world beneath our feet, forming a subterranean river.
Rare and endangered species dwelling in the karst cave systems, such as the Quatsino Cave Amphipod (Stygobromus quatsinensis), are completely dependent on dissolved nutrients transported by the water.Eventually, karst waters reemerge at a karst spring, flowing perhaps into a drinking watershed, or into a fish-bearing stream, such as the Walbran River.
I returned to the Walbran in early April to test the electrical conductivity (EC) of surface streams flowing throughout the valley. This research was part of my environmental capstone on Coastal Karst Ecosystems, a graduation requirement from the SFU Bachelor of Environment program.
Electrical conductivity (EC), the capacity of water to conduct an electrical current, is typically 5 – 10 times greater in karst waters in comparison to non-karst waters[1]. I was interested in determining whether the karst had a noticeable effect on the physical and chemical properties of the water.
The results suggest that surface streams within and adjacent to cutblocks 4403 and 4405 in the Walbran Valley are influenced by karst. These areas contained limestone outcrops, ancient trees growing on the epikarst, and sinkholes, features indicative of karst lands.
As a rule of thumb, karst waters will have EC readings greater than 50 µS/cm, according to B.C.'s karst expert.
Many of the water samples had EC readings four times greater than the benchmark value. All of the samples had slightly alkaline pH readings, which is also a good indicator of karst waters.
Perhaps there is a reason why people feel "electrified", "energized" and "rejuvenated" after swimming in the Walbran's jade green waters.
Why is it important to determine if karst waters are present in the Walbran Valley?
Preliminary studies conducted in southeastern Alaska have found that fish-bearing streams fed by karst waters are eight – ten times more productive in comparison to non-karst streams. This is likely attributed to the constant, cool karst groundwater flows, dissolved carbon inputs and slightly alkaline conditions[2].
While highly productive, karst systems are extremely vulnerable to contamination because the surface water receives minimal filtration as it flows underground. In Walkerton, Ontario, seven people died and thousands fell ill when runoff contaminated with E. Coli flowed directly into a karst aquifer via underground streams. Greater research and protection measures need to be taken in karst areas, as they are susceptible to disruption and can have direct influence on aquatic ecosystem and human health.
Teal-Jones has proposed to construct a road through the heart of this highly sensitive, karstified landscape.
Directly below the proposed road on a steep slope, lies a karst swallet, an opening in the surface where water drains into an underground channel. During my previous visit to the Walbran in October, surface water was rushing rapidly into the subterranean world. In April, a small subsurface stream could be seen flowing over the pure white limestone. Cavers have noted that because there is a lack of surface streams in the area, it is likely that there are extensive subsurface karst water systems draining into the Walbran River.
B.C. needs to adopt karst ecosystem-based management, similar to Alaska, in order to ensure that the entire karst system is protected. Buffer zones need to be set from well-developed karst systems to ensure that the biological and hydrological integrity of karst lands are not adversely impacted. Karst vulnerability mapping and thorough research of subsurface drainage patterns (e.g. dye tracer testing) need to be conducted in the Walbran Valley because the extent of these systems is largely unknown.
With a greater emphasis on karst research in B.C., we will gain a holistic understanding of these complex systems and be able to establish progressive karst protection policies.
I would like to thank Shane Johnson and Michael Neate for their guidance and wisdom in the field. Your stories and laughter made the Walbran even more special.
Charly's field report can be accessed HERE
[1] The chemical reaction between carbonate bedrock and slightly acidic rainwater results in a greater number of free ions present in solution in comparison to non-karst waters, increasing the EC.
[2] Karst groundwater's constant, cool temperatures are attributed to a lack of sunlight exposure and drastic fluctuations in the ambient air temperature (Culver & Pipan, 2009, pp. 3).
Culver, D. & Pipan, T. (2009). The biology of caves and other subterranean habitats. Oxford University Press, USA.
McColl, K. M., Turner, R.J.W., Franklin, R.G., Earle, S., Stokes, T., David Pawliuk, Houle, J., Guthrie, R., Fox, J., Clague, J.J. 2005: Geoscape Nanaimo, geoscience for central Vancouver Island communities, Geological Survey of Canada Miscellaneous Report 87, one sheet.
Charly Caproff is an Environmental Resource Management (ERM) student at Simon Fraser University. Her interest in karst was sparked a couple years ago during an environmental science class, and her concerns that there are no laws that specifically protect karst prompted her to research and help improve public awareness of this ecologically important environment.
Read her other blogs about karst and the Walbran Valley:
Road Building on Karst: A Sinking Idea
Karst: A Winter Chalet for Bats


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Car Travel
Driving in Egypt can be a stressful and harrowing experience. Egyptian drivers usually ignore speed limits on open roads and drive vehicles that are dangerous from a structural and mechanical point of view. Out in the countryside, there are no pedestrian walkways, and the road shoulders are not well defined. You'll need to watch out for little children, goats, camels, and oxen—constant vigilance is required. At night these same animals can still be problems, but worse is the fact that few Egyptian drivers use their headlights after dark, so it's not always easy to see oncoming traffic.
In the city, you'll need to watch constantly for other traffic and for pedestrians who cross the street anywhere. They can and do appear from behind stationary vehicles, and they cross in the gaps between moving traffic.
Wherever you travel by road in Egypt, you meet police checkpoints. The authorities control all traffic but particularly vehicles carrying foreign tourists. If you are traveling along the Nile Valley in Upper Egypt by car, you should travel with a guarded traffic convoy. Visit the tourist office to find out where the convoy meets and at what time; if you don't join the convoy, you'll be stopped at the first checkpoint out of town and either turned back or told to wait for the next convoy or for a guard to be assigned to your vehicle. Waiting for a guard can take well over an hour and could ruin any carefully prepared itinerary.
Gas stations and rest areas are plentiful on major highways, and credit cards are widely accepted. In areas that see fewer travelers, such as the Western Desert, they are less so. Carrying cash is a good idea, and always be sure to take extra gas with you when traveling in the Western Desert. Most gas stations in Egypt are full-service, and it's customary to tip the attendant who fills up your car a pound or two. All gas is unleaded and is sold by the liter. Plain unleaded is called tamanin, or 80, denoting the level of purity. Higher-quality gasoline is available as tisa'in, or 90, and occasionally khamsa wa tisa'in, or 95.
Prices are reasonable by U.S. standards—£E1.50–£E1.80 per liter (the equivalent of $1.02–$1.22 per gallon) depending on the grade of gasoline. Most pumps show amounts in Roman numerals but you still may find some in Arabic. Watch as the attendant starts the pump to see that it reads 000. You should give the attendant a tip of a few Egyptian pounds.
Road Conditions
Road conditions are generally good, especially in the Sinai and along the Red Sea Coast. There are very few maps available, and signposting—although in Arabic and English—is generally poor.
Roadside Emergencies
Make sure that your car-rental company provides you with the contact details or a 24-hour emergency number to call in case of any problems.
Any traffic accidents will be dealt with by police.
Always take extra water when traveling long distances, especially on the desert roads. If at all possible, carry a cell phone with you as well as the telephone numbers of police stations and hotels along your route. If you have car trouble on the highway, get your car off the road as soon as possible, then wait and flag down any passing vehicle. Daily buses serve even remote areas, and they will stop for you if they see you. More worrisome are accidents. Many Egyptian car owners don't carry insurance, and disputes tend to be resolved on the scene with more or less fanfare depending on the seriousness of the accident. Insist on getting a policeman who speaks English, and take down the license number of the other driver. For serious accidents in which people have been injured, get emergency help first and then immediately contact or drive to your embassy. In all situations, insist on having present a senior police officer who speaks English.
Emergency Services
Police. 122.
Rules of the Road
Speed limits are 60 kph in built-up areas and 90 kph on the open road (these should be posted at regular intervals at the side of the highway), but most local drivers ignore these and drive as fast as they can. Lane discipline is nonexistent, and drivers will try to pass even on bends and up hills when they cannot see if there's traffic coming in the other direction. There are restrictions against using cell phones while driving, and seat belts are compulsory. However, drivers regularly flout these laws. There are numerous traffic officers in the main towns, but enforcement is patchy. Fines of £E100 are the norm, but officers can confiscate your license if they feel you have been driving dangerously.
Drunk driving is a serious offense, and perpetrators can be arrested, fined (around £E500), and have their vehicles confiscated. The legal blood alcohol level above which it is an offense to drive is 0.05%. However, breath tests are not common because most Egyptians don't drink alcohol. There is no legislation relating to children. Car-rental companies do not supply car seats for infants; if you have small children, consider bringing a car seat from home.
Around Egypt, there are police checkpoints every 30 km or so along every highway, and also at all major intersections and river crossings. You should show your passport to the officers manning the barrier. Foreigners are sometimes stopped for no reason in an attempt by the officer to squeeze money from them. If you smile and insist you did not break the law, they will usually let you go.
Right turns are permitted on red at some intersections—indicated by a flashing light above or to the side of the traffic lane. But not all drivers waiting in this lane want to turn right.
You are not allowed to take cars rented in Egypt out of the country.
In Cairo many traffic lights at intersections do not work, and traffic officers who control traffic with hand movements man these areas. Authorities have recently installed cameras at intersections in parts of downtown Cairo to catch drivers who cross intersections.
If you are traveling in one direction on a main highway but want to turn around—or if you merge onto a highway but cannot initially travel in the direction you want, you need to look ahead for a midstream turning area on the left-hand side of the highway. You should see a sign on the overhead gantry, but these are not always well signposted. Be very careful as these feeder lanes lead you directly into the flow of the fastest traffic.
In Upper Egypt, tourist traffic is organized into guarded convoys that follow set routes at set times each day. Whether you self-drive, have a driver, book a day tour, or travel in an organized itinerary, you'll have to work within the convoy system and travel at prescribed times.
Car Rental
Egypt is one destination where renting a car is not generally recommended. There are several reasons for this. First, the level of driving skill in Egypt is generally erratic; there's little adherence to laws and safety guidelines, and driving at dangerous speeds for the conditions is the norm. Second, major towns and cities have poor signage, making navigation next to impossible; parking is almost nonexistent. Finally, for security reasons, the government organizes all tourist traffic along the Nile Valley into convoys, which run a certain fixed hours. Even if you self-drive, you must join a convoy, making it impossible to travel on your own timetable.
Because of all these difficulties, you'll find numerous tour operators on the ground, all of which provide inexpensive, reliable tours to all major sights, making the need to rent a car redundant. In addition, you may be able to book private tours and guides for little more than the cost of renting a car.
The one area where it may be sensible to rent a vehicle is in the Sinai or for trips along the Red Sea Coast from a base in Hurghada or El Gouna—roads here are less busy.
Since the late 1990s the number of international car-rental companies in Egypt has dropped dramatically. You cannot rent a car in Luxor or Aswan, for instance, though you can rent in Cairo or Alexandria, on the Red Sea Coast, and in the Sinai, though even those offices with an international brand name will be franchises.
Most companies have minimum age limits (normally 21 or 23). You'll also need an international driving license. Unlimited mileage is generally not offered in Egypt; most car-rental deals only offer 100 km per day in the basic rental price. The average rate for each kilometer (0.62 mi) after that is around $0.25. This can add greatly to your bill when you return the vehicle. Most car-rental agency agreements prohibit off-road driving, so avoid dirt roads in the Sinai or desert tracks away from the Nile Valley.
Make sure that the car you receive is in good condition; it is wise to specify that you want a new car. Many vehicles are at least two years old and most have dents and scrapes. Make sure you receive an emergency number you can call 24 hours a day in case of mechanical problems or accident.
With so little demand you should have no problem finding car rentals at any time of the year. If you decide to rent in a resort, visit the rental office a couple of days before you need the car. If you want to rent from the time of your arrival, book from home.
If you rent and intend to park at your hotel between journeys, you'll be asked to hand in the car registration document and your driving license at the security gate during your time in the hotel complex. The documents will be returned when you leave. Don't forget the registration card because if you don't return it with the car at the end of your rental period, there's a huge penalty of $300 to $500 to cover the time and cost for the rental company to get a replacement.
If you intend to return your rental car to Cairo airport during the day (except on Friday), add an extra 60 minutes to your travel time in case of traffic delays.
Major Agencies
Avis. 800/331–1084; 02/265–2429; www.avis.com.
Budget. Cairo International Airport, Heliopolis, Cairo, Cairo. 02/265–2395; 800/472–3325; www.budget.com.
Europcar. 6m Misr Lel Taamir Bldgs., Masaken Sheraton Buildings, Heliopolis, Cairo, Cairo. 02/2267–2439; www.europcar.com.
Europcar. Cairo International Airport, Heliopolis, Cairo, Cairo. 02/2267–2439.
Hertz. Ramses Hilton, 1115 Corniche al-Nil, 800/654–3001; 02/347–2238; www.hertz.com.
Hertz. Cairo International Airport, Heliopolis, Cairo, Cairo. 02/265–2430.
Hertz. Le Méridien Pyramids Hotel, Giza, Cairo, Cairo. 02/3377–3388.
Local Agencies
Smart Rental. Corniche al-Nil, Ma'adi, Cairo, Cairo. 02/524–3006; www.smartlimo.com.
Car Insurance
Most rental companies in Egypt include full insurance in the quoted rental price, but do check the fine print to make sure you're getting on paper what was agreed to verbally. Insurance does not cover the loss of the car registration document; if you don't return this with the car, you'll be liable for at least $300 for a replacement (including loss of income as the vehicle stands idle while the rental agency waits for the replacement document).


text: The Guard Shorts for women provide lightweight, quick-drying action for lifeguards at the pool and beach. A great swimsuit cover-up, the 5010 Women's Guard Shorts feature an elastic drawstring waist for guaranteed fit and two mesh side pockets for small storage. A Left thigh Guard Logo provides a professional look for life-savers on the job.


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The Pacifism tooltip says if you are under a Fear, Stun or Charm effect, all damage taken is reduced by 75%.
I'm not sure what effects are counted as Fear, Stun or Charm. Some people seem to think it covers all crowd control effects, but I'm doubtful. For instance, does Frozen or Imprisonment count? When Diablo puts you in the cage and then grasps you in his hand, does it count? I'd like a complete list of what counts as a Fear, Stun or Charm effect.


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Vegan and Vegetarian Cooking Classes
Learn how to make delicious and cruelty-free foods with Bay Area Vegetarians
If you're new to vegetarian cooking, want to learn new recipes, or just want a pleasant afternoon enjoying food demonstrations & sampling new recipes, please join us for one of our cooking classes. Our classes are affordable and designed to help you make compassionate and cruelty-free food choices. No previous experience is necessary, and these classes are open to members as well as the general public.
We offer two types of classes:
- General Vegan Cooking Classes: appetizers, entrees, soups, and desserts
- Vegan Baking Classes: cookies, pies, cakes, and more delightful sweets
Upcoming Classes and Special Events
No classes scheduled at this time. |
Class Prices: If you're wondering why our classes are priced so low compared to classes offered by other instructors, it's because Bay Area Vegetarians is a non-profit organization whose mission is to promote compassionate and cruelty-free foods. All labor and any profits are being donated to Bay Area Vegetarians to fund our outreach & education programs.
Note: To keep our overhead low, please register only if you can definitely attend -- no cash refunds for cancellations or no-shows. Cancellations with 72 hours notice will receive a credit towards a future cooking class. Bay Area Vegetarians reserves the right to cancel or reschedule the class if needed, and will subsequently offer refunds or a voucher towards a future class under these circumstances.
Register By Mail
Checks or Money Orders must be received at least 4 business days prior to class. After this time, please use walk-in registration.
Send name, number of people, payment and your email address to
Bay Area Vegetarians
Please include your email address for confirmation of registration. Online bill pay is an easy way to pay by check and your bank pays the postage (please allow extra time for delivery.)
Walk in Registration
Walk-in registration will be accomodated as space permits on the day of the class. To check if class is full, please use the link to the class on the schedule above. If space is available, please arrive early and speak with the instructor prior to beginning of class, and bring exact cash for the cost of the class.


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Next Episode of Blik op de weg is
Traffic police show, through reports and television images from surveillance cars (of the Corps national police), not everyone obeys the traffic rules. Speed violators and people driving through upon red light are often shown in the program. The program demonstrates authentic images, but does so without sensation. It also provides no strong opinions about the actual events.
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- and it just happened to you.
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MOUNT MORRIS – Jonas L. Fultz, 78, passed peacefully into the arms of Jesus and eternal life Monday, Jan. 14, 2013, at OSF Saint Anthony Hospital in Rockford, after a short, courageous battle with cancer.
Jonas was born Dec. 17, 1934, in a coal mining camp in the Cumberland Mountain community of Insull, Ky., the son of Monroe and Phoebe (Wilder) Fultz. He moved to Fairborn, Ohio, when he was 14 years old. Jonas graduated from Fairborn Baker High School in 1954, where he played football and developed his passion for auto repair. He attended Walters State University in Morristown, Tenn., and studied business administration and management.
Jonas married Joyce A. Shewsbury in 1955, in Indiana. She preceded him in death. Jonas married Linda McNeil on Dec. 30, 1978, in Fairborn.
His career spanned 39 years in the rotogravure printing industry, moving into supervision after completion of training programs. He worked for printing companies in Dayton and Springfield, Ohio, then moved to American Greetings Plus Mark in Greeneville, Tenn. Finally, he worked for Quebecor Printing Co. in Mount Morris, retiring in 1993. He then spent 6 years with Kable News Co. in Mount Morris, retiring in 1999. During this time, he continued to pursue his love of engine and transmission building and auto repair. He mentored many friends over the years in that skill. Jonas was an avid NASCAR fan, and was passionate about restoring and showing classic vehicles. He was an accomplished coordinator/promoter of classic car shows in the Ogle County area.
Jonas was an EMT for the Mount Morris Fire Department for several years in the 1990s. He was a member of Samuel H. Davis Lodge 96 in Mount Morris; a 32nd-degree member of the Freeport Consistory; and member of Tebala Shrine Temple in Rockford. Jonas ran a drag car for 15 years in NHRA, moving into round track racing in ASA and ARCA circuits.
Jonas is survived by his wife, Linda Fultz of Mount Morris; two daughters, Joan M. (Don) Strouth of Fairborn, and Ginger S. (Bill) Johnson of San Antonio; son, Jonas F. Fultz of Rockford; six grandchildren; nine great-grandchildren; uncle, James Joe Wilder of Overland Park, Kan.; aunt, Elizabeth Wilder Green of Pineville, Ky.; and numerous nieces and nephews.
He was preceded in death by his parents and his first wife.
Jonas continuously sought ways to help others, and wished to continue that practice by donating his body to the NIU Medical Study. The memorial service will be at 11 a.m. Saturday at Mount Morris Evangelical Free Church, with the Revs. Bruce McKanna and Herman Brown officiating. Fellowship time and a meal will be provided at the church following the service.
In lieu of flowers, the family requests donors consider memorial contributions to Samuel H. Davis Lodge 96 and Let Freedom Ring in Mount Morris.


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If you went to the movies over the holiday break, you might have the impression that this area is a grim one to live in.
Two late-December flicks are responsible for this bleak view. The first is All Good Things, starring Ryan Gosling and Kirsten Dunst and directed by Capturing the Friedmans' Andrew Jarecki. Though the names are changed, the film is based on the real-life story of real estate mogul Robert Durst, suspected of killing his wife, Kathie.
In reality, Durst grew up in Scarsdale. In the movie, the town goes unnamed, but the palatial mansion the family gathers in looks cold and institutional, rather than warm and inviting. When the main character reveals that the house was also the site of his mother's suicide, the place gets even more spooky.
Eventually, he and his wife buy a small weekend house in Westchester. Modern and snuggled up alongside a lake, it starts off having the cuddly feeling that the main character's childhood manor lacks. But after a while, his wife spends more and more time at the lake house and less time with him at their apartment in the city — and Westchester becomes a symbol of their increased separation and isolation.
There you have it: Westchester real estate is cold, unfriendly, and full of broken families. Ouch!
Rabbit Hole, the new film starring Nicole Kidman and Aaron Eckhart and directed by Hedwig and the Angry Inch's John Cameron Mitchell, reinforces a similar view, although not so outright. The movie never actually clarifies where the events take place, although you can see a shot of the Yonkers police station, and the play clearly occurs in Larchmont. (The gorgeous waterfront house they used as a filming location, though, was in Douglaston, Queens.)
The film is about a struggling couple eight months after they lose their four-year-old son in a tragic traffic accident. Again, the house is a symbol: The film begins with Nicole Kidman's character tending to her garden for the first time in months — a sign of healing, right? — until a neighbor accidentally steps on her newly planted bulb. When the couple argues over whether or not to pack up their son's room, they're really arguing about whether or not they're ready to move on.
It's all pretty heavy stuff.
What is it about this area — especially our houses — that makes filmmakers want to mope around so much? Is it because we're known as a "bedroom community," where the easiest stories to tell her are these bedroom dramas? Or maybe we all just give filmmakers the creeps. Next time you see someone toting a camera around in Westchester, for crying out loud, try to smile, wave, and act friendly!