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Understanding Oridzin: The Health Benefits and Sources
What is Oridzin?
Oridzin, is a flavonoid glycoside, prevalent in numerous plants. It is celebrated for its wide-ranging health advantages. Originally acknowledged as plant pigments during the 19th century, these substances were later identified as flavonoids, piquing scientific curiosity owing to their potential to improve health.
Evolution of Oridzin Research
Back in the day, scientists were all about studying flavonoids because, they're the pigments that make plants look pretty. But guess what? It took until the 1930s for them to stumble upon the idea that some flavonoids are actually super good for our health. Now, fast forward thirty years, and researchers are going all Sherlock Holmes to figure out how oridzin, one of these flavonoids, works its magic in our bodies. Why? Well, there's this widespread belief that chowing down on fruits and veggies packed with these compounds is like a VIP ticket to seriously boosting our overall well-being. Time to load up on those plant-based goodies!
Scientific Validation of Oridzin's Benefits
In the late 20th century, a significant epidemiological study correlated higher dietary intake of flavonoids with reduced risks of coronary heart disease, stroke, and cancer. This revelation propelled a surge in scientific interest, validating the potential health benefits of oridzin.
Natural and Safe Composition
Oridzin's natural, safe, and effective properties have positioned it as an ideal standard for health products. This recognition led to a rapid influx of contracts from food and health product companies seeking to incorporate oridzin or flavonoid-enriched foods into their offerings. Subsequently, numerous epidemiological and clinical studies have sprung up, further amplifying interest in oridzin's health benefits.
Sources of Oridzin
Understanding the various origins of oridzin, a type of flavonoid, aids in integrating these valuable compounds into our daily diet, thereby promoting overall health and wellness.
Oridzin, belonging to the flavonoid subgroup, encompasses compounds such as luteolin, apigenin, and citrusin.
Key sources of these substances include celery, parsley, red pepper, chamomile, mint, and ginkgo leaves. Furthermore, flavonols like kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin, and fisetin are abundant in onions, kale, lettuce, tomatoes, apples, grapes, and berries. Additionally, flavanones, including hesperetin, naringin, and eriodictyol, are commonly found in citrus fruits like tangerines, oranges, lemons, and grapes.
Health Benefits of Oridzin
Oridzin's Antioxidant Potential
Recognized for its potent antioxidant effects, Oridzin plays a pivotal role in preventing oxidative stress and cellular damage caused by free radicals. Consumption of Oridzin-rich foods fortifies the body's resilience against oxidative harm.
Enhancing Skin Health with Oridzin
Demonstrating potential in improving skin health, Oridzin acts as a shield against the aging effects of time and sunlight exposure, promoting prolonged youthful skin. Its inclusion in skincare products highlights its ability to invigorate skin vitality.
Oridzin's Impact on Heart Health
Crucial for maintaining optimal heart function, Oridzin has shown promise in certain research studies, correlating with reduced risks of cardiovascular disease, underlining its significance in heart care.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Oridzin
With chronic inflammation linked to various long-term illnesses, Oridzin's anti-inflammatory properties offer potential in combating inflammatory conditions like arthritis, suggesting a valuable role in managing inflammation-related ailments.
Oridzin's Contribution to Weight Management
In the realm of weight control, Oridzin presents potential benefits, making it a valuable consideration for individuals seeking weight management solutions as part of their weight loss regimen.
Exploring Oridzin's Impact on Bone Health
Ongoing research into Oridzin's effects on bone health hints at its potential to enhance bone density and strength. These preliminary findings suggest a promising avenue for maintaining bone health, especially with advancing age.
Oridzin showcases a spectrum of health benefits, ranging from its robust antioxidant properties that combat cellular damage to its potential in enhancing skin vitality and contributing to heart health. Its anti-inflammatory attributes also offer promise in managing various inflammatory conditions. Additionally, preliminary studies hint at its positive impact on weight management and bone health. Incorporating Oridzin-rich foods into one's diet from various sources like fruits, vegetables, and herbs can potentially contribute to overall well-being, making it a valuable consideration for a balanced and health-conscious lifestyle.
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Exploring the Medicinal Virtues of Plantago Ovata Seeds: An Elucidative Discourse
Exploring the Medicinal Virtues of Plantago Ovata Seeds: An Elucidative Discourse
Plantago ovata seeds, renowned colloquially as psyllium, serves as a botanical panacea, extensively employed in the amelioration of constipation and the modulation of cholesterol levels, blood glucose concentrations, and even weight management endeavors.
The quintessential component utilized from Plantago ovata encompasses its seeds, the progenitors of a viscous gel replete with soluble fiber. This gel, when ingested, undergoes hydration within the intestinal milieu, thereby engendering delayed gastric emptying and impeding the assimilation of dietary constituents. Consequently, the therapeutic repertoire of Plantago ovata spans the domains of constipation relief, diminished fat and sugar absorption, and heightened satiety.
Efficacious Applications
Mitigating Constipation:
Plantago ovata, owing to its innate laxative properties, serves as a potent ally against constipation. Soluble fibers within this botanical stimulate peristalsis and augment fecal bulk and moisture content, facilitating ease of expulsion.
Cholesterol Management:
The soluble fiber bounty of Plantago ovata engenders a salutary impact on lipid metabolism, antagonizing the absorption of dietary lipids and, in the long run, precipitating a diminution in serum cholesterol levels.
Cardiovascular Prophylaxis:
By curtailing dietary lipid assimilation and abating cholesterol concentrations, Plantago ovata confers protection against the formation of atherosclerotic plaques within the vasculature, mitigating the risk of cardiovascular maladies such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and cerebrovascular accidents.
Alleviating Diarrhea:
Contrarily, Plantago ovata exhibits utility in combating diarrhea by virtue of its ability to augment fecal viscosity, thereby retarding intestinal transit time and ameliorating excessive bowel movements.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome Management:
Plantago ovata emerges as a therapeutic adjunct in assuaging irritable bowel syndrome-related manifestations, including alternating periods of diarrhea and constipation, and in mitigating chronic diarrhea precipitated by conditions such as Crohn's disease.
Glucose Homeostasis:
The soluble fibers inherent to Plantago ovata impede glucose absorption within the intestinal milieu, fostering glycemic regulation and holding promise in the management of diabetes mellitus.
Weight Management:
Plantago ovata, through its augmentation of gastric transit time and induction of satiety, presents a viable avenue for weight loss endeavors, fostering prolonged feelings of fullness and attenuating appetite pangs.
Contraindications and Cautions
Plantago ovata finds prudent utilization under the discerning purview of healthcare practitioners and herbalists, with judicious consideration accorded to potential contraindications and adverse effects.
Precautionary measures encompass:
- Avoidance in pediatric populations below 12 years of age, as well as pregnant and lactating individuals.
- Exercise prudence in individuals beset by dysphagia, intestinal obstruction, chronic constipation, and other gastrointestinal maladies.
- Cessation of usage and prompt medical consultation in the event of protracted constipation, rectal bleeding, or manifestations indicative of allergic reactions.
Administration Modalities
Plantago Ovata Tea:
A decoction comprising Plantago ovata seeds, simmered in water, proffers a therapeutic libation to assuage gastrointestinal maladies. Consumption at a frequency not exceeding thrice daily, antecedent to meals, is advocated for a maximum duration of seven consecutive days.
Plantago Ovata Powder:
Alternatively, the seeds of Plantago ovata may be milled into a fine powder, procurable at health emporia, and incorporated into beverages, yogurt, or fruit salads for facile ingestion and therapeutic efficacy.
In culmination, while Plantago ovata presents a multifaceted panacea for assorted gastrointestinal maladies and metabolic derangements, prudence dictates its usage under professional guidance, with vigilant cognizance accorded to individual susceptibilities and contraindications.
What is Plantago ovata used for?
The utility of Plantago ovata encompasses a spectrum of applications. Its intricate pharmacological mechanisms position it as a valuable adjunctive therapy for inflammatory bowel conditions like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis during phases of dormancy. Through its pharmacodynamic efficacy, it assuages symptoms and forestalls relapses, thus accentuating its clinical significance.
Is Plantago ovata a wheat?
Formerly acknowledged as Plantago insularis, this drought-resistant annual exhibits a penchant for basking in the full brilliance of sunlight, though it also tolerates partial shading. Its unassuming white blossoms grace the arid plains and mesas from January through May, adding a touch of ephemeral beauty to these parched landscapes.
What are the side effects of Plantago?
Unfavorable responses. Plantago major, while generally regarded as benign, may incite certain unfavorable responses post-administration, including but not limited to: nausea, emesis, diarrheic episodes, anorectic tendencies, abdominal distension, heightened sensitivity, and dermal manifestations.
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Exploring Health Benefits Of Turmeric, Curcumin With Bioperine
Unraveling Human Dietary Evolution: Herbivores or Omnivores
Explore the debate on human dietary evolution: Are we herbivores or omnivores? Delve into environmental, ethical, and health considerations to uncover insights into our dietary nature, exploring anthropological, biological, and nutritional perspectives.
A report from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO 2006) is particularly eloquent: If we continue to favor an omnivorous diet with a carnivorous tendency, we will before long end up depleting water resources, pollute rivers, lakes and lands, dry up grasslands, destroy forests and biodiversity
Omnivorous Impact: Environmental and Health Risks:
The 1.3 billion horned animals that serve as our pantry produce a phenomenal quantity of methane gas (NH4), a greenhouse gas 23 times more powerful than CO2. ¨This is how cattle heat up more than cars, explains ethicist Jean-Baptiste Jeangène Vilmer, author of the book Animal Ethics (PUF, 2008).
And that's without mentioning the billions of chickens, pigs, rabbits, ducks, geese and fish who languish in hyper-polluting farms in conditions bordering on sadism, totally unjustified even from a strictly productivist point of view. Laying hens, for example, are confined in groups of five in a space measuring 45 cm by 50 cm, which makes for each a space equivalent to a sheet of paper. ¨For comparison, Vilmer concludes, this would be equivalent to locking five humans in a telephone booth for their entire lives.
Many of our contagious diseases are transmitted by domestic animals. Swine fever, for example, killed millions of people in the last century. And currently, the specter of avian flu – a disease derived from globalization and neoliberalism – looms over us.
Aside from the harmful effects on health of antibiotics and growth hormones commonly used to increase the yield rate of livestock, certain cancers of the digestive system and cardiovascular accidents are linked to a diet too rich in original products. animal. According to certain independent researchers from the food industry, cow's milk not only does not prevent osteoporosis, but it promotes it. To this table, we must also add salmonellosis and E.Coli, two frequent diseases associated with a highly perishable food.
Finally, according to J.-BJ Vilmer, the excesses of industrial breeding contribute to the inequity of food distribution, thus widening a gulf between malnutrition on one side and overnutrition on the other. The quantity of cereals necessary to feed the livestock which will feed a single man would in fact directly feed 20 people.
Human Dietary Evolution
Dr. Milton Mills, a renowned American doctor, physiologist, and nutritionist, sheds light on humanity's natural dietary inclinations in this insightful interview.
Challenging Carnivorous Perceptions:
Dr. Mills contests the common belief that humans are either carnivores or omnivores, asserting instead that our biological and anatomical characteristics align more closely with those of herbivores.
Anthropological Insights:
Delving into our evolutionary past, Dr. Mills unveils evidence suggesting that our ancestors primarily subsisted on a herbivorous diet, consuming fruits, roots, and seeds, contrary to the image of the primitive hunter-gatherer.
Biological Considerations:
By comparing the anatomical features of carnivores, omnivores, and herbivores, Dr. Mills elucidates how human physiology is more suited to a plant-based diet, citing dental structure and digestive processes as evidence.
Historical Dietary Shifts:
Examining historical trends, Dr. Mills traces the shift from predominantly plant-based diets to increased meat consumption, driven by factors such as migration and societal status, despite our inherent herbivorous adaptations.
Modern Perspectives:
Despite the prevalence of meat-centric diets, Dr. Mills advocates for a return to our biological roots, promoting plant-based nutrition for optimal health and environmental sustainability in today's society.
Dr. Mills emphasizes the urgent need to reconsider our dietary habits given the overwhelming evidence of the harmful effects of animal-based diets. He advocates for a transition to plant-focused nutrition to address environmental, animal welfare, and public health concerns. By choosing plant-based foods, individuals can positively impact their well-being and contribute to a more sustainable future for the planet and all its inhabitants.
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Be Ready for Field Day in Official Field Day Gear from the ARRL
ARRL Field Day, Amateur Radio's largest on-the-air operating event is June 22-23 -- just a little more than two months away -- so be sure to get your official 2013 Field Day gear before supplies run out.
This year's ARRL Field Day shirt is a white t-shirt that sports the 2013 Field Day logo on the front, with the ARRL diamond logo and "Ham Radio" on the back. Shirts are available in sizes Small-4XL. The charcoal gray hat -- with the words "ARRL Field Day" and "Ham Radio" embroidered on the front -- has a loop-and-hook closure, ensuring a proper fit. The round pin, with its easy-to-secure post fastener, sports the 2013 Field Day logo. A coffee mug and a patch are new for 2013: The white 11 ounce mug features the 2013 ARRL Field Day logo, while the 3-inch silk-screened patch is perfect for sewing onto a jacket or sweatshirt. The ARRL Field Day Logbook is set up in the Field Day reporting format and includes dupe sheets and other forms that you need to ensure a successful Field Day.
Clubs, order early! Collect orders from members and place a single order -- pay only $12.50 shipping for orders over $50 (while supplies last). Fulfill all your Field Day apparel needs at the Field Day Supplies section of the ARRL website.

subset: commoncrawl


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U.S. intelligence agencies reviewing data on bombing suspects
(CNN) -- U.S. intelligence and law enforcement agencies are again reviewing all intelligence on the two suspects in the Boston bombing for clues about their motivations and connections to possible terrorist groups, U.S. officials tell CNN.
In the hours since their identities were confirmed by the FBI, "there is a very methodical and in-depth analysis underway on these suspects and the connections they may have had to any overseas group," a senior U.S. official told CNN.
Until Thursday, the Obama administration had not come up with any specific intelligence, including intercepts or online messages, indicating a threat to the Boston Marathon, according to officials CNN had spoken with previously. But now, with the identification of the suspects, and social media messages they have posted and other information coming to light, "we can focus more specifically on their potential connections overseas," the senior official said.
U.S. officials tell CNN that agencies are going back through all relevant data -- such as intelligence reports, intercepts, jihadist websites and passport records -- they have collected to see if there is any information about the suspects and if there are potential links to international or domestic terrorist groups.
However, the senior official also strongly emphasized that the intelligence community does not know at this point if there is an international connection or if the suspects were "inspired" or "influenced" by any overseas groups. He also reiterated that it is possible this was an act of domestic terrorism with no foreign nexus.


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Gifted Los Angeles Premiere! Chris Evans! Jenny Slate! Ed Helms! Octavia Spencer! And More!
April 8, 2017
Movie Premieres
This week, Mr. Captain America headed to the Los Angeles premiere of his new film Gifted which took place at The Grove. The event was action packed and the stars of the film like Jenny Slate and Octavia Spencer also attended to show their support for the


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Grand Theft Auto V -- Animal Rights Group Demands BOYCOTT
Grand Theft Auto V Animal Rights Group DEMANDS BOYCOTT!
"Grand Theft Auto V" crossed the line by allowing game-playing children to run over, behead and kill animals -- and a prominent animal rights group is calling for a boycott.
Jack Carone from In Defense of Animals tells TMZ ... his group is incensed that Rockstar Games is capitalizing off animal torture -- and it doesn't matter if it's real or fake. He says it perpetuates what he calls "institutionalized violence" against helpless animals.
"The makers of this game have traded decency for money" Jack says, adding, "Encouraging the darkest impulses of young people is not an admirable pursuit."
Regardless ... Carone says, "animals don't need any more targets painted on them in the name of fun."
So we gotta ask ...


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SARASOTA, Fla. (AP) _ A homeless man spent the night in a southwest Florida jail after a police officer accused him of stealing by charging his cell phone at a public park.
An arrest report says that a Sarasota police sergeant spotted 28-year-old Darren Kersey charging his phone Sunday evening in a public picnic shelter at Gillespie Park.
The sergeant told Kersey that the "theft of city utilities will not be tolerated during this bad economy" and then arrested him on a misdemeanor charge of theft of utilities.
Unable to pay the $500 bond, Kersey spent the night in jail.
But the Sarasota Herald-Tribune (http://bit.ly/W4frm0 ) reports that Kersey was released Monday morning after a judge threw the case out, saying the sergeant lacked the legal
justification to make the arrest.


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SAN MARTIN, Calif. — The chill of the morning air in California. Veteran players discreetly looking at golf bags on the practice range so they can put names to the faces they have never seen. Young players concerned about getting into enough tournaments. A parking lot filled with Mercedes-Benz courtesy cars.
Everything about the Frys.com Open looks and feels like a new season on the PGA Tour.
Except for the calendar.
Just 18 days after Henrik Stenson tapped in for par and collected the $10 million FedEx Cup bonus at East Lake, the new PGA Tour season gets underway at CordeValle. It's the first time the tour starts its season in one calendar year and finishes it in another.
"I'm back to zero," Stewart Cink said. "I like the fact I don't have to be No. 76 anymore. I can hopefully establish something new."
Cink was No. 76 in the FedEx Cup playoffs last month until he failed to advance to the next round after the Deutsche Bank Championship. He has been home for the last five weeks — his offseason — before packing his bags and heading to the airport. And to his surprise, it reminded him of heading off to Hawaii or California in winter, just like the old days on the PGA Tour.
"The last six or seven years, I went to fall tournaments and didn't have that amped-up feel. I didn't feel like I was in the heat of things," Cink said. "I had my charity event, this and that. My mind was so elsewhere. I went to play just to play. You hit a lot of shots; you play a lot of holes. Coming here, I feel a little bit more of a hunger."
Since the FedEx Cup began in 2007, the tour had a half-dozen events that were nothing more than playing opportunities for the restless or a time for others to make enough money to secure their cards for the following season. Winning didn't come with an invitation to the Masters. It didn't count toward the FedEx Cup. Now it does.
To avoid losing sponsorship of the fall tournaments (and some $25 million in prize money), the tour made them part of the FedEx Cup season.
"This new system has given these fall events greater credibility," John Senden said.
As always, a golfer's offseason is as long as he wants it to be.
Tiger Woods won the clinching match at the Presidents Cup on Sunday. He's not expected to play another PGA Tour event until Torrey Pines in January. Adam Scott won't return to the tour until Kapalua the first week of January. Phil Mickelson will be in Asia later this month for two tournaments now part of the official 2013-14 season.
And then there's Marc Leishman.
Just three days ago, he holed a 15-foot par putt to win his singles match against Matt Kuchar in the Presidents Cup. He flew to California, got reacquainted with sunshine, and felt remarkably refreshed.
"I thought I would be stuffed," Leishman said Wednesday morning before his pro-am round. "I got here and I'm feeling good. You want to try to get off to a good start."
Geoff Ogilvy has never played a fall tournament in America since the FedEx Cup began. And he said he might not have come to CordeValle for the first time if he had played longer (he took part in only one FedEx Cup playoff event) or better (No. 104 in the standings).
He still wasn't sure if this felt like a season opener the way it did at Kapalua or Palm Springs.
"It's weird. It's like a false front," Ogilvy said. "I'm playing two (including next week in Las Vegas) and then going to Australia to play, so it's like a teaser. But it's a good chance to get a couple under your belt, and then come back and do the normal West Coast. Some guys might do five of these, get to the West Coast and won't know what to do. It'll be interesting to see what happens to the West Coast."
The Frys.com Open field is not terribly strong. It has only two players from the top 50 (Hideki Matsuyama and defending champion Jonas Blixt), three players from the Presidents Cup (Matsuyama, Leishman and Angel Cabrera) and two from the Tour Championship (Billy Horschel, Gary Woodland).
But it's not so weak that the field is loaded with rookies who just got their card at the Web.com Tour Championship two weeks ago. At least 12 players who just earned PGA Tour cards did not have a tee time at CordeValle.
For the rookies, it had the feel of a big-time event. Rental cars have been replaced by courtesy cars.
"It's nice out here on the PGA Tour," Cink said with a smile.


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Product name | Josiah Round Lift-Top Coffee Table With Bench |
Material | Sintered Stone, Painted Steel, Wood, Linen ( the benches ) |
Dimensions | More details below |
Color | Black, Walnut |
Assembly Need | Yes, Legs to be fitted |
Caring instructions | Wipe with a damp cloth if necessary |
Delivery | 2-3 days to UK addresses, 4-5 days to EU addresses |
Style | Contemporary & Modern |
The Fitz Armchair is both stylish and functional. The white wool is a bonus, making it extra comfortable.
Good solid product with regular staff who were able to update me with the progress of the delivery and deal with any complications that arose
Simple assembly by booked handyman who arrived promptly. Built quickly and showed us how to operate.
Very pleased with new single sofa bed. Good design for small spaces. Easy to unfold and put away. Firm but with a mattress topper will make a comfortable extra bed.
Excellent service, my gorgeous plant arrived 3 days after ordering, very pleased. Packaged really securely. Will definitely use again
Love my sideboard it's well made and sturdy it took a bit longer than I thought to arrive..! but definitely worth the wait Thank you Weilai Concept.
These tables look great. Everyone comments on how lovely they are. The tables were easy to assemble and are very sturdy very pleased with my purchase


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Model availability and pricing may vary by authorized Serta retailer.
National Sleep Foundation's logo, name, materials and/or insights used under license from NSF in exchange for Serta's financial support of NSF's sleep research and educational activities.
The Consumer's Digest Best Buy seal, editorial review text, references to the editorial review, and Consumer's Digest Best Buy rating are registered certification marks and trademarks of Consumers Digest Communications, LLC used under paid license. For award information, visit www.consumersdigest.com.


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Initial survey conducted (November). Preliminary data published in Labour Mobility, Preliminary (Ref. no. 6.34) and final data in Labour Mobility (Ref. no. 6.43) Survey reference period: preceding calendar year. Sample size restricted to three-quarters of the Labour Force Survey sample. Scope restricted to persons aged 15-69 years. 1975 Survey changed to February. 1979 Annual collection commenced. Catalogue numbers replaced reference numbers: cat. no. 6208.0 (preliminary data) and cat. no. 6209.0 (final data). 1981 Change to survey reference period: beginning of February in the previous year to the end of the reference week. Reasons for leaving job collected only from persons who stated they changed jobs (previously asked of all persons leaving a job). For persons who changed jobs during the reference period, data collected about current job and first job held during the reference period (previously asked about current job and previous job held). 1983 Change to survey reference period: 52 weeks to the end of the week prior to interview. 1988 Preliminary publication discontinued. 1989 Sample size reduced to one-half of the Labour Force Survey sample. 1990 Persons aged 70 years and over excluded from the scope of the survey. Sample size increased to full Labour Force Survey sample. 1992 Annual collection ceased - replaced by biennial collection. 1996 Sample restricted to no more than seven-eighths of the Labour Force Survey sample. 1998 Persons living in remote and sparsely settled areas are excluded from scope. Historical estimates of the number and proportion of persons who were job mobile for the periods 1990 to 1996 were revised in the 1998 publication. 2006 The scope of the survey was expanded to include all people aged 15 years and over (previously ages 15 to 69 years). New data items were introduced to provide information on people who had worked with their current employer/business for one year or more, and had some change in their work with their current employer/business in the last 12 months. Additional data items collected for these populations include: whether promoted and/or transferred; whether changed usual hours worked; whether changed occupation; whether entitled to paid holiday/sick leave entitlements; and employment type. The following data items were excluded from the survey: number of changes in locality during the year; state or territory of usual residence 12 months prior to survey date; change of state or territory; and, reasons for changing locality. 2008 Occupation data classified according to the ANZSCO First Edition, 2006 (cat. no. 1220.0) and industry data classified according to the ANZSIC 2006 (cat. no. 1292.0). This introduction of ANZSCO and ANZSIC mean that data relating to change in occupation and industry are not comparable with previous years. FURTHER INFORMATION 21.7.9 For further details contact the Labour Market Statistics Section, on Canberra (02) 6252 7206 or email <email@example.com>.


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To the Editor:
The Windmill Alliance, Inc. would like to thank all those who sponsored our recent Classic Car Show, and all those who came out and showed their support. We would especially like to thank the following donors: The Honorable Sandra Cunningham, Ken's Marine Service, Global Terminal, Sip Auto Shop, Miller's Auto Parts, BCB, NCN Construction, Borker Transmission, Brockman's Pharmacy, Daddi and Daughter, Charisma Hair Design, Hudson Lanes, Famous Furs, Tawanas Floral Design, Resnicks, Massage Envy, Longo Agency, Lighthouse Diner, Classic Skate Shop, Ms. Hugettes Dance Studio, Al Richards, La Guardiola, Piccolino's, Kupcake Kouture, Lago Martial Arts, Victoria's Appliance, Victoria Leigh-Make-Up Artistry, and Mark Syzmanski.
Since 1985, The Windmill Alliance, Inc. has been dedicated to serving those most in need in the community—the disabled, the handicapped, the poor, and the distressed. The success of our mission is due in large part to the support of the community. We are grateful for your continuing support of The Windmill Alliance.
President/CEO, The Windmill Alliance


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December 10, 2010
Legislator Denise Ford and the other members of the Nassau County Legislature recently joined with Major Chuck Kilbride and the United States Marine Corps to participate in the Marine's Annual Toys for Tots Program. Each Legislator donated a new, unwrapped toy that will be distributed to disadvantaged children throughout Long Island to help spread joy this Holiday Season.
Shown in photograph with Legislator Ford are Major Chuck Kilbride and Brian Gomez of the United States Marine Corps.


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The term business refers to activities or interests.
By extension the word became (as recently as the 18th century) synonymous with "an individual commercial enterprise" and has also sometimes taken on the meaning of "the nexus of commercial activities" or of "the representatives of commercial activity".
Specifically, business can refer, collectively, to individual economic entities. In some legal jurisdictions, such entities are regulated by law to conduct operations on behalf of entrepreneurs. A manufacturing business is commonly referred to as an industry: for example: the "entertainment industry", or the "dairy industry", or the "fishing industry".
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If you are enrolled in the VA for healthcare, you may be eligible to apply for dental coverage through the VA Dental Insurance Program. This is a 3 year pilot project offering dental coverage plans through Delta Dental and Metlife. To apply, visit VA benefits webpage
The other program is called Dependents Educational Assistance (DEA) under Chapter 35. This is a monthly monetary benefit available to dependent children of a Veteran who has a Service Connected Disability rated at 100%. There are age restrictions. Please contact our office, if you believe that you are eligible.


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A defective segment of DNA that resembles a gene but cannot produce functional protein is called
- a. Exon
- b. Pseudogenes
- c. Regulatory sequence
- d. Homeotic gene
- e. Lethal gene
- Answer: B
- Explaination: Explanation: Pseudogenes are genomic DNA sequence that resemble a gene but are non-functional. They cannot produce functional protein. Exon is the coding region of the gene. Regulatory sequence is the sequence of DNA that regulates the expression of genes. Homeotic genes are the genes that are involved in early development that control the pattern of body formation. Lethal gene is a gene whose effect causes death of organism.
The process by which immature cells develop into matured cells of a specific lineage is
- a. Organogenesis
- b. Differentiation
- c. Growth
- d. Pattern formation
- e. Morphogenesis
- Answer: B
- Explaination: Explanation: Differentiation is the process by which an immature cell develops into a mature cell type. Example: Formation of RBC from an erythroblast. A fully differentiated cell is generally not capable of undergoing division.
In humans, the part of the large intestine that opens into rectum is called
- a. Caecum
- b. Colon
- c. Ileum
- d. Anus
- e. Jejunum
- Answer: B
- Explaination: Explanation: The large intestine is composed of caecum, colon and rectum. Caecum is a small sac containing some microbes into which the ileum of small intestine opens. Following caecum is the colon that has an ascending, a transverse and a descending portion. The descending part of the colon opens into the rectum which opens out through anus. Jejunum is a part of small intestine.
Which of the following occurs as a result of accumulation of fertilizers in a pond?
- a. Biodegradation
- b. Biomagnification
- c. Bioaccumulation
- d. Eutrophication
- e. Spontaneous combustion
- Answer: D
- Explaination: Explanation: Eutrophication is the ecosystem change that occurs in a water body as a result of accumulation of fertilizers or nutrients or other natural products in an aquatic environment. Example: Algal bloom in ponds occurs as a result of increased nutrient availability.
In humans, an extra X chromosome causes
- a. Klinefelter syndrome
- b. Down syndrome
- c. Hemophilia
- d. Porphyria
- e. Autism
- Answer: A
- Explaination: Explanation: Klinefelter syndrome (XXY) occurs in men as a result of an extra X chromosome. Infertility is the main symptom of this disease.
The rumen of cattle contains _________
- a. Methanobacterium
- b. Acetobacterium
- c. Corynebacterium
- d. Halobacterium
- e. Mycobacterium
- Answer: A
- Explaination: Explanation: The rumen, a part of stomach in cattle is found to contain Methanobacterium, methane-producing bacteria. The cellulose in the feed of the cattle is broken down by these bacteria and methane is produced as one of the products. These bacteria are also found in ruminants other than cattle.
Altruism is
- a. A behaviour by an animal that benefits other members of its species
- b. A behaviour by an animal that troubles other members of its species
- c. A behaviour by an animal that troubles members of other species
- d. A behaviour by an animal that hides food from its fellow beings
- e. None of the above
- Answer: A
- Explaination: Explanation: Altruism is a behaviour exhibited by an organism for the welfare of its fellow members. The behaviour might be a disadvantage to it but it benefits the others of its kind, for instance a warning that reveals the location of caller to predator.
The state in which viral genome gets integrated with the host genome is
- a. Provirus
- b. Absorption
- c. Prophase
- d. Lytic cycle
- e. None of these
- Answer: A
- Explaination: Explanation: A virus, after infecting the target cell, either enters the lytic cycle (involving multiplication of virus and breakage of cell) or gets its genome integrated with the host genome. The integrated state is called a provirus.
Breakdown of fat into fatty acid and glycerol is
- a. Anabolism
- b. Catabolism
- c. ??- oxidation
- d. ??- oxidation
- e. Both A and C
- Answer: B
- Explaination: Explanation: Catabolism refers to the metabolic breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules where as anabolism refers to synthesize of complex molecules from simpler molecules. Breakdown of fats, proteins and carbohydrates into their simpler forms are catabolic processes. ??-oxidation and ??-oxidation are the types of fatty acid breakdown reactions.
Duplication of chromosomes takes place in
- a. S phase
- b. G1 phase
- c. G2 phase
- d. Prophase
- e. Anaphase
- Answer: A
- Explaination: Explanation: In S phase, duplication but not separation of chromosomes takes place. Protein and RNA synthesis occurs in G1 and G2 phases. Condensation of chromosomes and disappearance of nuclear membrane takes place in prophase. Separation of chromosomes to the opposite poles occurs in anaphase.
The enzyme involved in the synthesis of mRNA is
- a. RNA polymerase I
- b. RNA polymerase II
- c. RNA polymerase III
- d. Ribonuclease
- e. Hexokinase
- Answer: B
- Explaination: Explanation: RNA polymerase II is involved in the synthesis of mRNA. RNA polymerase I and III are involved in synthesis of rRNA and tRNA respectively. Ribonuclease cleaves the RNA molecule. Hexokinase phosphorylates a hexose sugar.
Cleptobiosis is an ecological relationship that can be seen in
- a. Ants
- b. Cockroaches
- c. Tiger
- d. Deer
- e. None of the above
- Answer: A
- Explaination: Explanation: Cleptobiosis is an association in which a species forages the food stores or nesting materials of other species. This can be seen commonly among ants and some other social insects.
Which cell organelle has a role in transporting materials to other parts of a cell?
- a. Golgi complex
- b. Lysosome
- c. Chloroplast
- d. Mitochondria
- e. Nucleus
- Answer: A
- Explaination: Explanation: Golgi complex is a stack of flattened membrane bound sacs that are called as cisternae. Golgi complex acts as a transport system in a cell. They transport materials like proteins to other part of the cell or to the cell surface membrane for secretion.
In an ecosystem, keystone species are those
- a. Contributing to ecosystem properties
- b. That are most frequent
- c. Present in minimum number
- d. Attaining large biomass
- e. Having high competency
- Answer: A
- Explaination: Explanation: A keystone species is one which has a large effect on the environment and is necessary to maintain the structure of an ecosystem. They affect the growth of other species.
The role of cardinal genes in Drosophila is
- a. Pattern formation
- b. Sex determination
- c. Metamorphosis
- d. Cephalic furrow formation
- e. Germ band extension
- Answer: A
- Explaination: Explanation: The cardinal genes in drosophila are responsible for coordinating the segmentation process. They are the pattern forming genes that give signal for anterior- posterior and dorsal- ventral segmentation during the development. Cephalic furrow formation and germ band extension are the processes that take place before segmentation.


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A new device designed to close a common heart defect known as a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is safe and effective at 90-days follow up, according to a new study released May 8 at the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) 32nd Annual Scientific Sessions in Las Vegas.
PFO is a common condition in which a hole that connects the two upper chambers of the heart (atria) during fetal development fails to close properly after birth. About 25 percent of the general population has PFO, which is associated with an increased risk of stroke. PFO may also be associated with migraines and decompression illness in divers.
The FlatStent EF, developed by Coherex Medical,Inc., is unique because it is implanted within the PFO tunnel, leaving a minimal amount of the device exposed to circulation, which could reduce the risk of blood clots. The mechanism of action of the FlatStent EF should limit the incidence of other major complications associated with septal patching devices currently in use, such as erosion, persistent arrhythmia, and valve apparatus distortion.
In the study, 29 of 41 patients (70.7%) who received the FlatStent EF™ PFO Closure System had complete PFO closure immediately following implantation. After 90 days, 17 of 19 patients (89%) had complete or clinical closure. The remaining 22 patients had not yet completed the 90-day follow up exam.
"The FlatStent is designed to be safer and easier to use than current PFO closure systems," said Horst Sievert, MD, professor of internal medicine, cardiology and vascular medicine at the Cardiovascular Center in Frankfurt, Germany, and the study's principal investigator. "Given the number of patients living with PFO, the results of this study show promise in providing additional treatment options that could help prevent stroke and other conditions associated with PFO."
In the study, no device-related complications were reported. The 100-patient, multicenter registry study is designed to evaluate 30, 90 and 180-day safety and performance.
Story Source:
Materials provided by Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.
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text:
Walter Scott
Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet (August 15, 1771 – September 21, 1832) was a Scottish historical novelist, poet, playwright and historian popular throughout Europe during his time. He had a major impact on European and American literature. As an advocate, judge and legal administrator by profession, he combined writing and editing with daily work as Clerk of Session and Sheriff-Depute of Selkirkshire. He was prominent in Edinburgh's Tory establishment, active in the Highland Society, long a president of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1820–1832), and a vice president of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland (1827–1829). His knowledge of history and literary facility equipped him to establish the historical novel genre and as an exemplar of European Romanticism.
- A lawyer without history or literature is a mechanic, a mere working mason; if he possesses some knowledge of these, he may venture to call himself an architect.
- Guy Mannering (1815), Ch. 37.
- Bluid is thicker than water.
- Guy Mannering (1815), Ch. 38.
- Come as the winds come, when
Forests are rended,
Come as the waves come, when
Navies are stranded.- Pibroch of Donald Dhu (1816), St. 4.
- War's a fearsome thing. They'll be cunning that catches me at this wark again.
- Old Mortality, Volume II (1816), Chapter XI.
- Time will rust the sharpest sword,
Time will consume the strongest cord;
That which molders hemp and steel,
Mortal arm and nerve must feel.- Harold the Dauntless (1817), Canto I, st. 4.
- when we had a king, and a chancellor, and parliament-men o' our ain, we could aye peeble them wi' stanes when they werena gude bairns - But naebody's nails can reach the length o' Lunnon.
- The Heart of Midlothian (1818), Ch. 4.
- Jock, when ye hae naething else to do, ye may be ay sticking in a tree; it will be growing, Jock, when ye're sleeping.
- The Heart of Midlothian (1818), Ch. 8.
- Revenge is the sweetest morsel to the mouth, that ever was cooked in hell.
- The Heart of Midlothian', Ch. 30 (1818).
- Vacant heart, and hand, and eye,
Easy live and quiet die.- The Bride of Lammermoor (1819), Ch. 3 - Lucy Ashton's Song.
- The Sun never sets on the immense empire of Charles V.
- Life of Napoleon (1827), see. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
- There is a southern proverb—fine words butter no parsnips.
- A Legend of Montrose (1819), Ch. 3.
- Oh, poverty parts good company.
- The Abbot (1820), Ch. 7.
- It is a strong castle, and strongly guarded; but there is no impossibility to brave men.
- Quentin Durward (1823), Ch. 3.
- Ah! County Guy, the hour is nigh,
The sun has left the lea.- Quentin Durward (1823), Ch. 4.
- Fat, fair, and forty.
- St. Ronan's Well (1824), Ch. 7.
- Tell that to the marines—the sailors won't believe it.
- Redgauntlet, Vol. II (1824), Ch. 13.
- Too much rest is rust.
- The The Betrothed (1825), Volume I, Chapter XIII
- The playbill, which is said to have announced the tragedy of Hamlet, the character of the Prince of Denmark being left out.
- The Talisman (1825), Introduction.
- Rouse the lion from his lair.
- The Talisman (1825), Heading, Ch. 6.
- Recollect that the Almighty, who gave the dog to be companion of our pleasures and our toils, hath invested him with a nature noble and incapable of deceit.
- The Talisman (1825), Ch. 24.
- A miss is as good as a mile.
- Journal (December 3, 1825).
- The eye of the yeoman and peasant sought in vain the tall form of old Sir Henry Lee of Ditchley, as, wrapped in his laced cloak, and with beard and whiskers duly composed, he moved slowly through the aisles, followed be the faithful mastiff, or bloodhound, which in old time had saved his master by his fidelity, and which regularly followed him to church. Bevis indeed, fell under the proverb which avers, 'He is a good dog, which goes to church'; for, bating an occasional temptation to warble along with the accord, he behaved himself as decorously as any of the congregation, and returned much edified, perhaps, as most of them.
- Woodstock (1826), Ch.1.
- If you keep a thing seven years, you are sure to find a use for it.
- Woodstock (1826), Ch. 28.
- There is a vulgar incredulity, which in historical matters, as well as in those of religion, finds it easier to doubt than to examine.
- Come fill up my cup, come fill up my can,
Come saddle your horses, and call up your men;
Come open the West Port, and let me gang free,
And it's room for the bonnets of Bonny Dundee!- The Doom of Devorgoil, Bonny Dundee (1830), Chorus.
- All men who have turned out worth anything have had the chief hand in their own education.
- Letter to J. G. Lockhart (c. 16 June 1830), in H. J. C. Grierson (ed.), Letters of Sir Walter Scott, Vol. II (1936), as reported in The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations (1999), p. 652
- One hour of life, crowded to the full with glorious action, and filled with noble risks, is worth whole years of those mean observances of paltry decorum, in which men steal through existence, like sluggish waters through a marsh, without either honour or observation.
- Countess Brenhilda in Count Robert of Paris (1832), Ch. 25.
- Thy hue, dear pledge, is pure and bright
As in that well-remember'd night
When first thy mystic braid was wove,
And first my Agnes whisper'd love.
- My dear, be a good man — be virtuous — be religious — be a good man. Nothing else will give you any comfort when you come to lie here. ...God bless you all.
- Last words, as quoted in John Gibson Lockhart Memoirs of the life of Sir Walter Scott, Bart, Vol. VII (1838), p. 294
The Lay of the Last Minstrel (1805)[edit]
- The way was long, the wind was cold,
The Minstrel was infirm and old;
His withered cheek, and tresses gray,
Seemed to have known a better day.- Introduction
- Such is the custom of Branksome Hall.
- Canto I, stanza 7.
- Steady of heart, and stout of hand.
- Canto I, stanza 21.
- If thou would'st view fair Melrose aright,
Go visit it by the pale moonlight.- Canto II, stanza 1.
- O fading honours of the dead!
O high ambition, lowly laid!- Canto II, stanza 10.
- I was not always a man of woe.
- Canto II, stanza 12.
- I cannot tell how the truth may be;
I say the tale as 'twas said to me.- Canto II, stanza 22.
- In peace, Love tunes the shepherd's reed;
In war, he mounts the warrior's steed;
In halls, in gay attire is seen;
In hamlets, dances on the green.
Love rules the court, the camp, the grove,
And men below, and saints above;
For love is heaven, and heaven is love.- Canto III, stanza 2.
- Her blue eyes sought the west afar,
For lovers love the western star.- Canto III, stanza 24.
- Along thy wild and willow'd shore.
- Canto IV, stanza 1.
- For ne'er
Was flattery lost on poet's ear:
A simple race! they waste their toil
For the vain tribute of a smile.- Canto IV, conclusion
- Call it not vain;—they do not err,
Who say, that when the Poet dies,
Mute Nature mourns her worshipper,
And celebrates his obsequies.- Canto V, stanza 1.
- True love's the gift which God has given
To man alone beneath the heaven:
It is not fantasy's hot fire,
Whose wishes, soon as granted, fly;
It liveth not in fierce desire,
With dead desire it doth not die;
It is the secret sympathy,
The silver link, the silken tie,
Which heart to heart, and mind to mind
In body and in soul can bind.- Canto V, stanza 13.
- Breathes there the man, with soul so dead,
Who never to himself hath said,
This is my own, my native land!
Whose heart hath ne'er within him burn'd,
As home his footsteps he hath turn'd,
From wandering on a foreign strand!
If such there breathe, go, mark him well;
For him no Minstrel raptures swell;
High though his titles, proud his name,
Boundless his wealth as wish can claim;
Despite those titles, power, and pelf,
The wretch, concentred all in self,
Living, shall forfeit fair renown,
And, doubly dying, shall go down
To the vile dust, from whence he sprung,
Unwept, unhonor'd, and unsung.- Canto VI, stanza 1.
- O Caledonia! stern and wild,
Meet nurse for a poetic child!
Land of brown heath and shaggy wood,
Land of the mountain and the flood!- Canto VI, stanza 2.
- That day of wrath, that dreadful day,
When heaven and earth shall pass away,
What power shall be the sinner's stay?
How shall he meet that dreadful day?- Canto VI, stanza 31.
Marmion (1808)[edit]
- Profan'd the God-given strength, and marr'd the lofty line.
- Canto I, introduction.
- November's sky is chill and drear,
November's leaf is red and sear.- Canto I, introduction, st. 1.
- Stood for his country's glory fast,
And nail'd her colours to the mast!- Canto I, introduction, st. 10.
- But search the land of living men,
Where wilt thou find their like again?- Canto I, introduction, st. 11.
- Just at the age 'twixt boy and youth,
When thought is speech, and speech is truth.- Canto II, introduction.
- When, musing on companions gone,
We doubly feel ourselves alone.- Canto II, introduction.
- 'T is an old tale and often told;
But did my fate and wish agree,
Ne'er had been read, in story old,
Of maiden true betray'd for gold,
That loved, or was avenged, like me.- Canto II, stanza 27.
- And come he slow, or come he fast,
It is but Death who comes at last.- Canto II, introduction, st. 30.
- When Prussia hurried to the field,
And snatch'd the spear, but left the shield.- Canto III, introduction.
- In the lost battle,
Borne down by the flying,
Where mingles war's rattle
With groans of the dying.- Canto III, stanza 11.
- Where's the coward that would not dare
To fight for such a land?- Canto IV, stanza 30.
- So shall he strive, in changeful hue,
Field, feast, and combat, to renew,
And loves, and arms, and harpers' glee,
And all the pomp of chivalry.- Canto V, introduction.
- Lightly from fair to fair he flew,
And loved to plead, lament, and sue;
Suit lightly won, and short-lived pain,
For monarchs seldom sigh in vain.- Canto V, stanza 9.
- Oh, young Lochinvar is come out of the West,
Through all the wide Border his steed was the best.- Canto V, st. 12 (Lochinvar, st. 1).
- So faithful in love, and so dauntless in war,
There never was knight like the young Lochinvar.- Canto V, st. 12 (Lochinvar, st. 1).
- For a laggard in love, and a dastard in war,
Was to wed the fair Ellen of brave Lochinvar.- Canto V, st. 12 (Lochinvar, st. 2).
- She look'd down to blush, and she look'd up to sigh,
With a smile on her lips, and a tear in her eye.- Canto V, st. 12 (Lochinvar, st. 5).
- But woe awaits a country when
She sees the tears of bearded men.- Canto V, stanza 16.
- Heap on more wood!-the wind is chill;
But let it whistle as it will,
We'll keep our Christmas merry still.- Canto VI, introduction, st. 1.
- England was merry England, when
Old Christmas brought his sports again.
'Twas Christmas broach'd the mightiest ale;
'Twas Christmas told the merriest tale;
A Christmas gambol oft could cheer
The poor man's heart through half the year.- Canto VI, introduction, st. 3.
- And darest thou then
To beard the lion in his den,
The Douglas in his hall?- Canto VI, st. 14.
- O, what a tangled web we weave,
When first we practise to deceive!- Canto VI, st. 17.
- O, Woman! in our hours of ease,
Uncertain, coy, and hard to please,
And variable as the shade
By the light quivering aspen made;
When pain and anguish wring the brow,
A ministering angel thou!- Canto VI, st. 30.
- A light on Marmion's visage spread,
And fired his glazing eye:
With dying hand, above his head,
He shook the fragment of his blade,
And shouted "Victory!-
Charge, Chester, charge! On, Stanley, on!"
Were the last words of Marmion.- Canto VI, st. 32.
- Oh for a blast of that dread horn
On Fontarabian echoes borne!- Canto VI, stanza 33.
- To all, to each, a fair good-night,
And pleasing dreams, and slumbers light!- L'Envoy.
The Lady of the Lake (1810)[edit]
- The stag at eve had drunk his fill,
Where danced the moon on Monan's rill,
And deep his midnight lair had made
In lone Glenartney's hazel shade.- Canto I, stanza 1.
- With head upraised, and look intent,
And eye and ear attentive bent,
And locks flung back, and lips apart,
Like monument of Grecian art,
In listening mood, she seemed to stand,
The guardian Naiad of the strand.- Canto I, stanza 17.
- And ne'er did Grecian chisel trace
A Nymph, a Naiad, or a Grace
Of finer form or lovelier face.- Canto I, stanza 18.
- A foot more light, a step more true,
Ne'er from the heath-flower dash'd the dew.- Canto I, stanza 18.
- On his bold visage middle age
Had slightly pressed its signet sage,
Yet had not quenched the open truth
And fiery vehemence of youth;
Forward and frolic glee was there,
The will to do, the soul to dare,
The sparkling glance, soon blown to fire,
Of hasty love or headlong ire.- Canto I, stanza 21.
- Soldier, rest! thy warfare o'er,
Sleep the sleep that knows not breaking;
Dream of battled fields no more,
Days of danger, nights of waking.- Canto I, stanza 31.
- Hail to the Chief who in triumph advances!
- Canto II, stanza 19.
- Some feelings are to mortals given
With less of earth in them than heaven;
And if there be a human tear
From passion's dross refined and clear,
A tear so limpid and so meek
It would not stain an angel's cheek,
'Tis that which pious fathers shed
Upon a duteous daughter's head!- Canto II, stanza 22.
- Time rolls his ceaseless course.
- Canto III, stanza 1.
- Like the dew on the mountain,
Like the foam on the river,
Like the bubble on the fountain,
Thou art gone, and forever!- Canto III, stanza 16 (Coronach, stanza 3).
- The rose is fairest when 't is budding new,
And hope is brightest when it dawns from fears.
The rose is sweetest wash'd with morning dew,
And love is loveliest when embalm'd in tears.- Canto IV, stanza 1.
- Art thou a friend to Roderick?
- Canto IV, stanza 30.
- Come one, come all! this rock shall fly
From its firm base as soon as I.- Canto V, stanza 10.
- Respect was mingled with surprise,
And the stern joy which warriors feel
In foeman worthy of their steel.- Canto V, stanza 10.
- Who o'er the herd would wish to reign,
Fantastic, fickle, fierce, and vain!
Vain as the leaf upon the stream,
And fickle as a changeful dream;
Fantastic as a woman's mood,
And fierce as Frenzy's fever'd blood.
Thou many-headed monster thing,
Oh who would wish to be thy king!- Canto V, stanza 30.
- Where, where was Roderick then!
One blast upon his bugle-horn
Were worth a thousand men.- Canto VI, stanza 18.
Rokeby (1813)[edit]
- Still are the thoughts to memory dear.
- Canto I, stanza 33.
- A mother's pride, a father's joy.
- Canto III, stanza 15.
- Oh, Brignal banks are wild and fair,
And Greta woods are green,
And you may gather garlands there
Would grace a summer's queen.- Canto III, stanza 16.
- Thus aged men, full loth and slow,
The vanities of life forego,
And count their youthful follies o'er,
Till Memory lends her light no more.- Canto V, stanza 1.
- No pale gradations quench his ray,
No twilight dews his wrath allay.- Canto VI, stanza 21.
Waverley (1814)[edit]
- Now I protest to thee, gentle reader, that I entirely dissent from Francisco de Ubeda in this matter, and hold it the most useful quality of my pen, that it can speedily change from grave to gay, and from description and dialogue to narrative and character. So that, if my quill display no other propertoies of its mothergoose than her mutability, truly I shall be well pleased; and I conceive that you, my worthy friend, will have no occasion for discontent. From the jargon, therefore, of the Highland gillies, I pass to the character of their Chief. It is an important examination, and therefore, like Dogberry, we must spare no wisdom.
- Chapter XIX
- [Romeo ... transfers his affections from Rosalind to Juliet] 'A lover, my dear Lady Betty,' said Flora, 'may, I conceive, persevere in his suit, under very discouraging circumstances. Affection can (now and then) withstand very severe storms of rigour, but not a long polar frost of downright indifference. Don't, even with your attractions, try the experiment upon any lover whose faith you value. Love will subsist on wonderfully little hope, but not altogether without it.'
- Chapter LIV
- The Baron of Bradwardine being asked what he thought of these recruits, […] answered drily, 'that he could not but have an excellent opinion of them, since they resembled precisely the followers who attached themselves to the good King David at the cave of Adullam, vidilicet, every one that was in distress, and every one that was in debt, and every one that was discontented, which the Vulgate renders bitter of soul;'
- Chapter LVII
- [...] a stone rolled down hill by an idle truant boy [...]. Even such is the course of a narrative like that which you are perusing. The earlier events are studiously dwelt upon, that you, kind reader, may be introduced to the character rather by narrative, than by the duller mdium of direct description; but when the story drwas near its close, we hurry over the circumstances, however important, which your imagination must hvae forestalled, and leave you to suppose those things which it would be abusing your patience to relate at length.
- Chapter LXX
- There is no European nation which, within the course of half a century, or little more, has undergone so complete a change as this kingdom of Scotland. The effects of the insurrection of the 1745 — the destruction of the patriarchal power of the Highland chiefs — the abolition of the heritable jurisdictions of the Lowland nobility and barons — the total eradication of the Jacobite party [...]. [...] This race has now almost entirely vanished from the land, and with it, doubtless, much absurd political prejudice — but also many living examples of singular ad disinterested attachment to the principles of loyalty which they received from their fathers, and of old Scottish faith, hospitality, worth, and honour. [...] for the purpose of preserving some idea of the ancient manners of which I have witnessed the almost total extinction, I have embodied in imaginary scenes [...].
- Chapter LXXII, A postscript, which should have been a preface
The Lord of the Isles (1815)[edit]
- In man's most dark extremity
Oft succour dawns from Heaven.- Canto I, stanza 20.
- Spangling the wave with lights as vain
As pleasures in the vale of pain,
That dazzle as they fade.- Canto I, stanza 23.
- The wind breath'd soft as lover's sigh,
And, oft renew'd, seem'd oft to die,
With breathless pause between,
O who, with speech of war and woes,
Would wish to break the soft repose
Of such enchanting scene!- Canto IV, stanza 13.
- O! many a shaft at random sent
Finds mark the archer little meant!
And many a word, at random spoken,
May soothe or wound a heart that's broken!- Canto V, stanza 18.
- Randolph, thy wreath has lost a rose.
- Canto VI, stanza 18.
The Antiquary (1816)[edit]
- It's no fish ye're buying, it's men's lives.
- Volume I, Ch. 11.
On the postal service[edit]
Chapter 15 opens at a small Scottish post office, "Mrs. Mailsetter's shop, —a source more famous for the circulation of news than for their accuracy."
- ...We beg leave to transport the reader to the back-parlour of the post-master's house at Fairport, where his wife, he himself being absent, was employed in assorting for delivery the letters which had come by the Edinburgh post. This is very often in country towns the period of the day when gossips find it particularly agreeable to call on the man or woman of letters, in order, from the outside of the epistles, and, if they are not belied, occasionally from the inside also, to amuse themselves with gleaning information, or forming conjectures about the correspondence and affairs of their neighbours. Two females of this description were, at the time we mention, assisting, or impeding, Mrs. Mailsetter in her official duty.
An express has arrived at the office, and which must now rise to the challenge of delivering it.
- "I'm no gaun to let naebody see the letter," sobbed the boy, "till I gie't to Mr. Lovel, for I am a faithfu' servant o' the office—if it werena for the powny."
"Very right, my little man," said Ochiltree, turning the reluctant pony's head towards Monkbarns; "but we'll guide him atween us." …
[They met Lovel on the way,] and Davie, who insisted upon a literal execution of his commission by going on to Monkbarns, was with difficulty prevailed upon to surrender the packet to its proper owner, although he met him a mile nearer than the place he had been directed to. "But my minnie said, I maun be sure to get twenty shillings and five shillings for the postage, and ten shillings and sixpence for the express—there's the paper."
"Let me see—let me see," said Oldbuck, putting on his spectacles, and examining the crumpled copy of regulations to which Davie appealed. "Express, per man and horse, one day, not to exceed ten shillings and sixpence. One day? why, it's not an hour—Man and horse? why, 'tis a monkey on a starved cat!"- Vol. I, Ch.15.
Rob Roy (1817)[edit]
- Sea of upturned faces.
- Chapter 20.
- There's a gude time coming.
- Chapter 32.
- My foot is on my native heath, and my name is MacGregor.
- Chapter 34.
- Scared out of his seven senses.
- Chapter 34.
Ivanhoe (1819)[edit]
- Pride and jealousy there was in his eye, for his life had been spent in asserting rights which were constantly liable to invasion; and the prompt, fiery, and resolute disposition of the man, had been kept constantly upon the alert by the circumstances of his situation.
- Ch. 3.
- He's expected at noon, and no wight till he comes
May profane the great chair, or the porridge of plums;
For the best of the cheer, and the seat by the fire,
Is the undenied right of the Barefooted Friar.- Ch. 17, One of the verses of the ballad "The Barefooted Friar", sung by Friar Tuck to the Black Knight.
- Her haughtiness and habit of domination was, therefore, a fictitious character, induced over that which was natural to her, and it deserted her when her eyes were opened to the extent of her own danger, as well as that of her lover and her guardian; and when she found her will, the slightest expression of which was wont to command respect and attention, now placed in opposition to that of a man of a strong, fierce, and determined mind, who possessed the advantage over her, and was resolved to use it, she quailed before him.
- Ch. 23.
- "Alas! fair Rowena," returned De Bracy, "you are in presence of your captive, not your jailor; and it is from your fair eyes that De Bracy must receive that doom which you fondly expect from him."
- Ch. 23, De Bracy's vain attempt to woo Rowena using the language of courtly love.
- Pax vobiscum will answer all queries. If you go or come, eat or drink, bless or ban, Pax vobiscum carries you through it all. It is as useful to a friar as a broom-stick to a witch, or a wand to a conjuror.
- Ch. 26, Wamba explaining to Cedric how to get away with impersonating a priest. Pax vobiscum means "peace be with you".
- Norman saw on English oak.
On English neck a Norman yoke;
Norman spoon to English dish,
And England ruled as Normans wish;
Blithe world in England never will be more,
Till England's rid of all the four.- Ch. 27, Proverb recited by Wamba to De Bracy and Front-de-Boeuf.
- "What remains?" cried Ivanhoe; "Glory, maiden, glory! which gilds our sepulchre and embalms our name."
- Ch. 29, Ivanhoe to Rebecca, who questions the value of chivalry and has asked what remains for knights when death takes them.
- Chivalry!-why, maiden, she is the nurse of pure and high affection-the stay of the oppressed, the redresser of grievances, the curb of the power of the tyrant-Nobility were but an empty name without her, and liberty finds the best protection in her lance and her sword.
- Ch. 29, Ivanhoe explains to Rebecca the virtues of chivalry.
- Saint George and the Dragon!-Bonny Saint George for Merry England!-The castle is won!
- Ch. 31, Wamba celebrates their victory.
- For he that does good, having the unlimited power to do evil, deserves praise not only for the good which he performs, but for the evil which he forbears.
- Ch. 33, The Black Knight speaking to Locksley.
- Women are but the toys which amuse our lighter hours-ambition is the serious business of life.
- Ch. 36, Malvoisin speaking to De Bois-Guilbert.
- Thou and I are but the blind instruments of some irresistible fatality, that hurries us along, like goodly vessels driving before the storm, which are dashed against each other, and so perish.
- Ch. 39, De Bois-Guilbert speaking to Rebecca.
- There is yet spirit in him, were it well directed- but, like the Greek fire, it burns whatever approaches it.
- Ch. 43, Malvoisin to Mont-Fitchet
- You have power, rank, command, influence; we have wealth, the source both of our strength and weakness; the value of these toys, ten times multiplied, would not influence half so much as your slightest wish.
- Ch. 44, Rebecca speaking to Rowena.
The Monastery (1820)[edit]
- The happy combination of fortuitous circumstances.
- Answer of the Author of Waverley to the Letter of Captain Clutterbuck.
- As old as the hills.
- Ch. 9.
- Within that awful volume lies
The mystery, of mysteries!- Ch. 12.
- And better had they ne'er been born,
Who read to doubt, or read to scorn.- Ch. 12.
- Spur not an unbroken horse; put not your plowshare too deep into new land.
- Ch. 25.
Peveril of the Peak (1822)[edit]
- The stores of history are accessible to every one, and are no more exhausted or impoverished by the hints thus borrowed from them than the fountain is drained by the water which we subtract for domestic purposes. And in reply to the sober charge of falsehood against a narrative announced positively to be fictitious, one can only answer by Prior's exclamation - 'Odzooks, must one swear to the truth of a song?'
- Prefatory Letter
Bartlett's Familiar Quotations, 10th ed. (1919)[edit]
- Quotes reported in Bartlett's Familiar Quotations, 10th ed. (1919).
- A lawyer without history or literature is a mechanic, a mere working mason; if he possesses some knowledge of these, he may venture to call himself an architect.
- Sir Walter Scott Collection Guy Mannering. Chap. xxxvii.
- Where lives the man that has not tried
How mirth can into folly glide,
And folly into sin!- Bridal of Triermain, canto i. Stanza 21.
- When Israel, of the Lord belov'd,
Out of the land of bondage came,
Her fathers' God before her mov'd,
An awful guide in smoke and flame.- Ivanhoe, Chap. xxxix.
- Sound, sound the clarion, fill the fife!
To all the sensual world proclaim,
One crowded hour of glorious life
Is worth an age without a name.- Old Mortality, Chap. xxxiv.
- Cf. Thomas Osbert Mordaunt and John Scott of Amwell
- Ah, County Guy, the hour is nigh,
The sun has left the lea.
The orange flower perfumes the bower,
The breeze is on the sea.- Quentin Durward, Chap. iv.
- Widowed wife and wedded maid.
- The Betrothed, Chap. xv.
- Woman's faith and woman's trust,
Write the characters in dust.- The Betrothed, Chap. xx.
- I am she, O most bucolical juvenal, under whose charge are placed the milky mothers of the herd.
- The Betrothed, Chap. xxviii.
- But with the morning cool reflection came.
- Chronicles of the Canongate, Chap. iv.
- What can they see in the longest kingly line in Europe, save that it runs back to a successful soldier?
- Woodstock, Chap. xxxvii.
- "Lambe them, lads! lambe them!" a cant phrase of the time derived from the fate of Dr. Lambe, an astrologer and quack, who was knocked on the head by the rabble in Charles the First's time.
- Peveril of the Peak, Chap. xlii.
- Although too much of a soldier among sovereigns, no one could claim with better right to be a sovereign among soldiers.
- Life of Napoleon.
- The sun never sets on the immense empire of Charles V.
- Life of Napoleon (February, 1807).
Quotes about Walter Scott[edit]
- The English writers who had a big influence on me during my adolescence were Sir Walter Scott, Jane Austen, the Brontë sisters, Charles Dickens, Bernard Shaw, Oscar Wilde, James Joyce, D.H. Lawrence, and Virginia Woolf.
- And think'st thou, Scott! by vain conceit perchance,
- On public taste to foist thy stale romance,
- Though Murray with his Miller may combine
- To yield thy muse just half-a-crown per line?
- Lord Byron, English Bards, and Scotch Reviewers: A Satire (1809)
- Shakespeare and Scott are certainly alike in this, that they could both, if literature had failed, have earned a living as professional demagogues.
- G. K. Chesterton in Twelve Types (1903)
- The blow is struck--the lyre is shattered--the music is hushed at length. The greatest--the most various--the most commanding genius of modern times has left us to seek for that successor to his renown which, in all probability, a remote generation alone will furnish forth. It is true that we have been long prepared for the event--it does not fall upon us suddenly--leaf after leaf was stripped from that noble tree before it was felled to the earth at last;--our sympathy in his decay has softened us to the sorrow for his death.
- Edward Bulwer-Lytton, "On the Death of Sir Walter Scott," in The Mirror (October 6, 1832)
- Someone having observed that the next Waverley novel was to be 'Rob Roy', Wordsworth took down his volume of Ballads, and read to the company 'Rob Roy's Grave'; then, returning it to the shelf, observed, "I do not know what more Mr. Scott can have to say upon the subject."
- In Charles Cowden Clarke, Recollections of Writers (1878)
- Sir Walter Scott was the Luther of literature. He reformed and he regenerated. To say that he founded a new school is not saying the whole truth ; for there is something narrow in the idea of a school, and his influence has been universal. Indeed, there is no such thing as a school in literature ; each great writer is his own original, and "none but himself can be his parallel." We hear of the school of Dryden and of Pope, but where and what are their imitators ? Parnassus is the very reverse of Mont Blanc. There the summit is gained by treading closely in the steps of the guides ; but in the first, the height is only to be reached by a pathway of our own. The influence of a genius like Scott's is shown by the fresh and new spirit he pours into literature.
- Letitia Elizabeth Landon, The New Monthly Magazine (1837-1), 'Female Portrait Gallery, No. I. — Flora M'Ivor and Rose Bradwardine.'
- I am of course aware that there were other influences on Scott besides medieval literature and that sometimes there are alternative sources for a particular motif or detail or point of style. I cannot always pin Scott down to a medieval source to the exclusion of other possible sources. In such cases it is altogether conceivable that three or four or more literary works from different periods of literary history were on his mind at the same time. If so, I am inclined to believe that medieval romance weighed most heavily because of his utter fascination with literature of this sort during his formative years. Although he also read widely in other literature at an early age, ballads and old romances were his passion. ...I point out what Scott has borrowed and show how he has used the borrowing. When he has covered his tracks, I cannot always say which romance is involved... but the accumulation of interesting parallels provides good circumstantial evidence in support of my belief that medieval romance is the most important source for the Waverly Novels.
- Jerome Mitchell, Scott, Chaucer, and Medieval Romance: A Study in Sir Walter Scott's Indebtedness to the Literature of the Middle Ages (1987)
- Then we turned to Scott, whom he [William Ewart Gladstone] held to be by far the greatest of his countrymen. I suggested John Knox. "No, the line must be drawn firm between the writer and the man of action; no comparisons there."
J. M.—Well, then, though I love Scott so much that if any man chooses to put him first, I won't put him second, yet is there not a vein of pure gold in Burns that gives you pause?
Mr. G.—Burns very fine and true, no doubt; but to imagine a whole group of characters, to marshal them, to set them to work, to sustain the action—I must count that the test of highest and most diversified quality.- John Morley, notes (22 February 1891), quoted in John Morley, The Life of William Ewart Gladstone, Vol. III (1903), p. 424
- There never was such a novelist and there never again will be another such... But with all his unquestionable merits, Scott was a sad bigot. Look at his Monastery; he makes the monks all fools or knaves. What a strange conception he must have had of monks! If Scott were to write that book at the present time, how differently would he not write it! The progress of knowledge and public enlightenment has been rapid. The stale old calumnies against priests and monks which were some years ago currently received as undeniable truths, are now in a great measure exploded. A great writer who should at the present day paint a community of the Catholic clergy as being such rogues or imbecile dolts as those with whom Scott has peopled his Monastery, would thereby degrade himself and mar the reputation of his works.
- Daniel O'Connell, remarks to William Joseph O'Neill Daunt (1841), quoted in William Joseph O'Neill Daunt, Personal Recollections of the Late Daniel O'Connell, M.P., Vol. II (1848), pp. 44-45
External links[edit]
- Pages including material from Bartlett's 1919 to be reviewed
- Academics from Scotland
- Historical novelists
- Novelists from Scotland
- Poets from Scotland
- Romantic poets
- Translators from Scotland
- Literary critics
- Historians from Scotland
- Editors from Scotland
- Publishers
- Judges from Scotland
- Lawyers from Scotland
- Biographers from Scotland
- Diarists
- Freemasons
- People from Edinburgh
- 1771 births
- 1832 deaths
- Playwrights from Scotland


text:
This is a follow-up question from the previous question managing taxonomy hierarchies UI patterns.
Question: When an item in a list has action buttons that perform create/edit/delete actions, is it better to display each action button as a separate element or should they be grouped into a single toolbar?
Separate Elements
Single Toolbar


text:
I was craving for some chocolate lately and thought of baking a chocolate cake. Hence, this Chocolate Walnut Bundt cake. I didn't do up the topping glaze but instead just melt up some chocolate and drizzle on top. Regret! Looks ugly, isn't it?
Recipes source from Martha Stewart's site
For the Cake
2 1/2 cups all-purpose flour
1/2 cup unsweetened cocoa powder
1 teaspoon baking soda
3/4 teaspoon salt
1/2 cup whole milk
1/2 cup sour cream
226g unsalted butter, plus more for pan
1 1/2 cups sugar
4 large eggs
1 teaspoon pure vanilla extract
1/2 cup chopped walnuts (optional)
For the Glaze
3 ounces bittersweet chocolate, chopped
1/2 cup heavy cream
2 tablespoons unsalted butter
2 tablespoons Cognac or rum (optional)
- Make the cake: Preheat oven to 325 degrees. Butter a 14-cup Bundt pan. Whisk flour, cocoa, baking soda, and salt in a large bowl. Mix milk and sour cream in a small bowl.
- Cream butter and sugar with a mixer until light and fluffy. Beat in eggs, 1 at a time, then vanilla. Reduce mixer speed to low, and add flour mixture, alternating with milk mixture, ending with flour. Fold in walnuts, if using. Spoon batter into pan. Bake until a tester inserted in center comes out clean, 55 to 60 minutes. Let cool in pan on a wire rack. Invert cake. (Cake will keep for up to 1 day.)
- Make the glaze: Place chocolate in a bowl. Heat cream in a small saucepan until simmering, then pour over chocolate. Let stand for 2 minutes. Add butter and Cognac or rum, if using, and mix until smooth. Let stand, stirring occasionally, until slightly thickened. Pour glaze over cooled cake.


text:
Table of Contents | Prev | Next | Bottom |
Quick Table of Contents |
3 Document Structure 3.1 The XForms Namespace 3.2 XForms Core Attribute Collections 3.2.1 Common Attributes 3.2.2 Linking Attributes 3.2.3 Single-Node Binding Attributes 3.2.4 Node-Set Binding Attributes 3.2.5 Model Item Property Attributes 3.3 The XForms Core Module 3.3.1 The model Element 3.3.2 The instance Element 3.3.3 The submission Element 3.3.4 The bind Element 3.4 The XForms MustUnderstand Module 3.5 The XForms Extension Module 3.5.1 The extension Element |
XForms 1.0 is an application of XML [XML 1.0] and has been designed for use within other XML vocabularies—in particular within a future version of XHTML [XHTML 1.0]. XForms always requires such a host language. This chapter discusses the structure of XForms that allow XForms to be used with other document types.
The XForms namespace has the URI:
. Any future Working
Drafts are expected to use a different identifier, though a final
identifier will be allocated before XForms becomes a W3C
XForms Processors must use the XML namespaces mechanism [XML Names] to recognize elements and attributes from this namespace.
The Common Attribute Collection applies to every element in the XForms namespace.
Foreign attributes are allowed on all XForms elements.
A host language must include an attribute of type
on each XForms element.
The Linking Attributes Collection applies to XForms elements which include a link to a remote resource.
The src
attribute assigns a URI to be automatically
Since linking attribute URIs are defined in terms of the XML
Schema datatype xsd:anyURI
, the same
internationalization benefits and white space cautions apply as
discussed in [XML Schema part
Behavior of relative URIs in links is determined by the host language, although [XML Base] processing is strongly recommended.
The XForms Working Group is tracking with the HTML Working Group on a method of describing link structures.
The following attributes define a binding between a form control or an action and an instance data node defined by an XPath expression.
Binding expression
interpreted as XPath. This attribute has no meaning when a
attribute is present.
XForms Model selector. Specifies the ID
of an
XForms Model to be associated with this binding element. This
attribute has no meaning for the current binding element when a
attribute is present. Rules for determining the
context XForms Model are located at 7.4 Evaluation Context.
Reference to a bind
One of ref
or bind
is required. When
is used, the node is determined by the referenced
It is an exception (4.5.1 The
xforms-binding-exception Event) if the XForms Processor
encounters a model
value that
refers to an ID
not on a model
or a bind
value that refers to an
not on a bind
First-node rule: When a Single-Node Binding attribute selects a node-set of size > 1, the first node in the node-set, based on document order, is used.
The following attributes define a binding between a form control or an action and a node-set defined by the XPath expression.
Binding expression
interpreted as XPath. This attribute has no meaning when a
attribute is present.
XForms Model selector. Specifies the ID
of an
XForms Model to be associated with this binding element. This
attribute has no meaning for the current binding element when a
attribute is present. Rules for determining the
context XForms Model are located at 7.4 Evaluation Context.
Reference to a bind
One of nodeset
or bind
is required.
When bind
is used, the node-set is determined by the
referenced bind
It is an exception (4.5.1 The
xforms-binding-exception Event) if the XForms Processor
encounters a model
IDREF value that refers to an id
not on a model
element, or a bind
value that refers to an id
not on a bind
This collection contains one attribute for each model item property, with an attribute name exactly matching the name of the model item property, as defined in 6.1 Model Item Property Definitions.
The XForms Core Module defines the major structural elements of XForms, intended for inclusion in a containing document. The elements and attributes included in this module are:
Element | Attributes | Minimal Content Model |
model | Common, Events, functions (QNameList), schema (list of xsd:anyURI) | (instance|xsd:schema| submission|bind|Action)* |
instance | Common, Linking | (ANY) |
submission | Common, ref (binding-expression), bind (xsd:IDREF), action (xsd:anyURI), method ("post"|"get"|"put"|"form-data-post"|"urlencoded-post"|qname-but-not-ncname), version (xsd:NMTOKEN), indent (xsd:boolean), mediatype (xsd:string), encoding (xsd:string), omit-xml-declaration (xsd:boolean), standalone (xsd:boolean), cdata-section-elements (QNameList), replace ("all"|"instance"|"none"|qname-but-not-ncname), separator (';' | '&'), includenamespaceprefixes (xsd:NMTOKENS) | Action* |
bind | Common, Model Item Properties, nodeset (model-binding-expression) | (bind)* |
Elements defined in the XForms Actions module, when that module
is included, are also allowed in the content model of
and submission
, as shown above.
Within the containing document, these structural elements are typically not rendered.
The XForms Processor must ignore any foreign-namespaced attributes that are unrecognized, and must process unrecognized foreign-namespaced elements according to the 3.4 The XForms MustUnderstand Module rules.
Note that the presence of foreign namespaced elements is subject to the definition of the containing document profile.
This element represents a form definition and is used as a
container for elements that define the XForms Model. No restriction
is placed on how many model
elements may exist within
a containing document.
Common Attributes: Common, Events
Attributes from XML Events are allowed on this element to facilitate creating observers. This element is not an XForms Action, and has no predefined behavior event-based behavior.
Special Attributes:
Optional space-separated list of XPath extension functions (represented by QNames) required by this XForms Model. Guidance on the use of this attribute is at 7.12 Extension Functions.
Optional list of xsd:anyURI
links to XML Schema
documents outside this model
element. The XForms
Processor must process all Schemas listed in this attribute. Within
each XForms Model, there is a limit of one Schema per namespace
declaration, including inline and linked Schemas.
The schema
list may include URI fragments referring
to elements located elsewhere in the containing document; e.g.
This example shows a simple usage of model
, with
the XForms namespace defaulted:
<model id="Person" schema="MySchema.xsd"> <instance src="http://example.com/cgi-bin/get-instance" /> ... </model>
This optional element contains or references initial instance data.
Common Attributes: Common
Special Attributes:
Optional link to externally defined initial instance data. If the link traversal fails, it is treated as an exception (4.5.2 The xforms-link-exception Event).
If both an attribute and inline content are provided, the linked version takes precedence as described at 4.2.1 The xforms-model-construct Event.
If the initial instance data is given by a link, then the instance data is formed by creating an XPath data model of the linked resource.
If the initial instance data is given by inline content, then
instance data is obtained by first creating a detached copy of the
inline content (including namespaces inherited from the enveloping
ancestors), then creating an XPath data model over the detached
copy. The detached copy must consist of content that would be
well-formed XML if it existed in a separate document. Note that
this restricts the element content of instance
to a
single child element.
XForms authors who need additional control over the
serialization of namespace nodes can use the
attribute on the
This element represents declarative instructions on what to submit, and how. Details of submit processing are described at 11 Submit.
Common Attributes: Common
Special Attributes:
Optional reference to a bind
element. When present,
the binding reference on this attribute is used in preference to
any binding reference from the ref
Optional selector binding expression enabling submission of a portion of the instance data. The selected node, and all descendants, are selected for submission. The default value is "/".
Required destination URI for submitting instance data.
Required attribute specifying the protocol to be used to transmit the serialized instance data. There is no default value.
Optional attribute specifying the version
of XML to
be serialized.
Optional attribute specifying whether the serializer should add extra white space nodes for readability.
Optional attribute specifying the mediatype for XML instance
serialization. Authors should ensure that the type specified is
compatible with application/xml
Optional attribute specifying an encoding for serialization.
Optional attribute specifying whether to omit the XML declaration on the serialized instance data.
Optional attribute specifying whether to include a standalone declaration in the serialized XML.
Optional attribute specifying element names to be serialized with CDATAsections.
Optional attribute specifying how the information returned after submit should be applied. In the absence of this attribute, "all" is assumed.
Optional attribute specifying the separator character between name/value pairs in urlencoding. The default value is ';'.
Optional attribute providing control over namespace
serialization. If absent, all namespace nodes present in the
instance data are considered for serialization. If present,
specifies list of namespace prefixes to consider for serialization,
in addition to those visibly utilized. As in [Exc-C14N], the special value
specifies the default namespace.
The following examples show how various options on element
can affect serialization as
. Given the following XForms
<xforms:model xmlns:xforms="http://www.w3.org/2002/xforms" xmlns:my="http://ns.example.org/2003"> <xforms:instance> <qname xmlns="">my:sample</qname> </xforms:instance> <xforms:submission method="post" action="..."/> </xforms:model>
Note that the includenamespaceprefixes
attribute is
not present, which causes all namespace nodes to be serialized,
resulting in the following serialized instance data:
<qname xmlns:xforms="http://www.w3.org/2002/xforms" xmlns:my="http://ns.example.org/2003">my:sample</qname>
In particular, note that the XForms namespace has been
serialized. To prevent this example from including the unneeded
XForms namespace while maintaining the needed my
prefix, includenamespaceprefixes="my"
must be added to
the submission element. When this attribute is present, the author
takes responsibility to list all namespace prefixes not visibly
utilized by the submitted instance data.
The following attributes correspond (in spelling, processing,
and default values) to attributes on the output
element of [XSLT 1.0], with the
exception of using xsd:boolean
to replace
The following XSLT attributes have no counterpart in XForms:
Elements defined in the XForms Actions module, when that module
is included, are also allowed in the content model of
Element bind
selects a node-set selected from the
instance data with a model binding
expression in the nodeset
attribute. Other
attributes on element bind
encode model item
properties to be applied to each node in the node-set. When
has an attribute of type xsd:ID
, the
then associates that identifier with the selected
Common Attributes: Common, Model Item Properties
Special Attributes:
A model binding
expression that selects the set of nodes on which this
operates, as defined in 7.5.2 Model
Binding Expressions.
When additional nodes are added through action
, the newly added nodes are included in any
node-sets matched by binding expressions—see action
in 9.3.5
The insert Element.
See 7.4 Evaluation Context for details on how binding affects the evaluation context.
Certain elements, such as extension
or foreign
namespaced elements defined in a host language might be
critical to the operation of a particular form. To indicate this,
the MustUnderstand module defines a single attribute that can be
used on any element.
Element | Attributes | Minimal Content Model |
ANY | xforms:mustUnderstand (xsd:boolean) | n/a |
It is a terminating error that must be reported to the user if
an element is marked mustUnderstand="true"
, and the
XForms Processor does not have an implementation available for
processing the element.
There are many different ways a host language might include XForms. One approach uses only well-formed processing, disregarding validation. Another case uses strict validation, for example XHTML 1.0, in which only predefined elements are allowed. Another common approach is to allow unregulated content in a few selected places. A host language that chooses this option can use the Extension module.
Element | Attributes | Minimal Content Model |
extension | Common | ANY |
Optional element extension
is a container for
application-specific extension elements from any namespace other
than the XForms namespace. This specification does not define the
processing of this element.
Common Attributes: Common
For example, RDF metadata could be attached to an individual form control as follows:
<input ref="dataset/user/email" id="email-input"> <label>Enter your email address</label> <extension> <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="#email-input"> <my:addressBook>personal</my:addressBook> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF> </extension> </input>
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