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Phecda Suicide and Annasthesia Suicide — Today's SuicideGirls
Meet Phecda Suicide and Annasthesia Suicide. They are two SuicideGirls who are into gaming, tattoos and each other.
Phecda is a 26-year-old SuicideGirl who will turn 27 by the end of this week. To celebrate, she's running around in her birthday suit (see what we did there?). In addition to gaming, Phecda also likes reading and shooting guns. We knew Barnes & Noble needed an ammo counter!
Annasthesia Suicide is a SuicideGirl from Florida who loves bar-hopping, boobies and being crafty. See how much you have in common with her?
Name: Phecda Suicide
Age: 26
Location: USA
Current Crush: Gerard Butler and Kit Harington
Body Mods: Lots of tattoos, nose pierced, 16 mm gauged ears.
Heroes: My grandparents for reassuring me true love exists.
Hobbies: Video games, running, reading, watching documentaries, skateboarding, shooting guns, hunting, being awesome.
Name: Annasthesia Suicide
Location: Florida
Current Crush: The Colonel — his secret recipe of 11 herbs and spices gets me hot.
Body Mods: Not enough
Heroes: Sailor Moon
Into: Zombies, tattoos, hair pulling, biting, bad music, occasionally good music, bar-hopping, cuddle times, video game benders, sleeping in, fake eyelashes, high heels, boobies, being crafty and making things.
SuicideGirls is a community that celebrates alternative beauty and alternative culture from all over the world. Since 2001, tens of thousands of models have submitted millions of photos to their website hoping to become SuicideGirls.


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Provides methods to read and manipulate trees, which are stored in the DB or an XML file. The trees can be stored in the DB either as nested trees. Or as simple trees ('brain dead method'), which use parentId-like structure. Currently XML data can only be read from a file and accessed. The package offers a big number of methods to access and manipulate trees. For example methods like: getRoot, getChild[ren[Ids]], getParent[s[Ids]], getPath[ById] and many more.
Unfortunately, complete documentation is not available at the moment.

subset: commoncrawl


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Product Summery
This isn't a tutorial book, it's simply a book to inspire.
Take a look through each photograph and see the settings and equipment that were used to take each shot.
It is designed as a collection of images that you can use as a reference point for trying out techniques you are trying to master from exposure down to composition.
I hope you enjoy looking through these photographs as much as I enjoyed taking them.
For more pics take a look at my website www.onelittledaisy.co.uk


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ARTISTS came out in force over the Bank Holiday weekend to mark the start of Artweeks.
They were celebrating the best of South Oxfordshire as part of the county-wide event which began on Friday and ends on May 26.
Penguins and chickens were the focus of Mo Sollis' Art in the Barn exhibition in St Audries Cottage, Dry Sandford.
- Mo Sollis with one of her stoneware pieces
- Picture: OX66987 Greg Blatchford
The 55 year-old artist has worked in ceramics for 20 years and this is the ninth year she has participated in the annual art festival.
She said: "Artweeks is a lot of hardwork, especially running a group exhibition. But it is very rewarding and I think all the artists have enjoyed meeting the public and talking to them."
You can see what she has to offer from 11am to 6pm on Thursday until Sunday.
Philip Koomen from Burcot and a team spent 2,000 hours designing the new choir stalls for Dorchester Abbey in 2012. And the craftsman, who uses locally sourced wood for his furniture, is taking part in this month's open art studios festival.
Mr Koomen said: "They were made out of Oxfordshire oak and they incorporated a series of designs inspired by the abbey."
You can see him in action this Saturday and Sunday at Wheelers Barn, Checkendon, from 11am to 4pm.
Teacher Grant Waters, 49, has displayed 10 paintings of cage fights at the South Moreton Boxing club in his exhibition called Welcome to the Cage.
- Grant Waters and his seven-year-old son Joshua strike a karate pose
- Picture: OX66993 Simon Williams
The father-of-two said: "It is based on mixed martial arts or cage-fighting. The fights make a great subject. It is the human form in action."
You can see the exhibition at Unit 8, Hall Farm, South Moreton on Friday to Sunday from noon until 9pm.
Photographer Sylwia Presley, 36, has rediscovered hidden gems around Wantage and captured them on her camera as part of a new community project.
- Wantage photographer Sylwia Presley with one of her pictures
- Picture: OX66982 David Fleming
Wantage Tales, which will be launched this year, combines stories with images of the market town. See her pictures tomorrow until Sunday at 2 Priory Road, The Stables, Wantage between noon and 6pm.
- For a full list of events in South Oxfordshire on until May 11, visit http://www.artweeks.org
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text: Little Ogee Walkthrough: ------------ -Go right in sheriff's office, grab a gun from desk and click on the wanted poster. -Go outside and use gun and see what it does. Click on exit sign hidden behind trash cans, Ogee will have to kick a few of them until a path is clear so click on the sign until he goes left. -Kick all the new trash cans, you will find a bottle behind one. -Ogee will take a sip and leave. -Before going over to the other side, go right by clicking exit sign. -Click on fish, then click on a trash can. Use bottle to put out the fire and take a fish bone. -Now, take a drink from a bottle to encourage Ogee to fly over the bridge. Click on the other side and when he starts flapping his hands, click on him a few times to make him flap, that will get you accross. -To pass a security guard, use your gun and click on the bullet a few times so it changes course and starts chasing the guard. -You are in the dark room, there is only one place where you can click so find that spot. It's a joystick that you will use to move around. -Click on it. -Click on the command in this order: UP, LEFT, UP, RIGHT, UP, LEFT. An exit sign will appear so click on it and leave the room. -Jump on the first chain then click on the second one as fast as you can so Ogee will jump again. Repeat it to jump on the second chain. -Shoot the gun while Ogee is facing right, that will catapult him to safety. -To beat the robot take a drink again, click on the robot and then quickly click behing Ogee. That should put him out for good. -Click on the key at the right of the elevator use the fish bone on the key whole, that will open the door. -Click on the right drawer, it will open. Click again and Ogee will get a pair of wire cutters. Click on the wires, click on the wire cutters. Choose a wire. -There's no right or wrong one. -Watch the ending.


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Looking for the latest 2D Lotto Results today, April 17, 2023? Here are the results for 2D EZ2Lotto for today, Monday, April 17, 2023 based on the 2PM, 5PM, and 9PM live draws of the Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office (PCSO).
Here are the 2D EZ2 Lotto Results today, April 17, 2023:
About 2D Lotto
The 2D Lotto game is a popular lottery game offered by the Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office (PCSO). It is also known as the EZ2 Lotto, and it is one of the most straightforward lotto games offered by PCSO. The game is played by selecting two numbers from one to thirty-one. The winning numbers are drawn twice a day, and players can win prizes if their chosen numbers match the winning numbers in the exact order.
To play the 2D Lotto game, players must first buy a ticket from any authorized PCSO lotto outlet. The ticket costs only Php 20.00 per combination, and players can choose their preferred numbers by marking them on the play slip provided. They can also choose the "Lucky Pick" option, where the system randomly selects the numbers for them.
The draws for the 2D Lotto game are held every day at 2:00 PM, 5:00 PM, and 9:00 PM. The winning combination is determined by a computerized system, and the results are announced shortly after the draw. If a player's chosen numbers match the winning numbers in the exact order, they win the jackpot prize of Php4,000.
The 2D Lotto game is popular among Filipinos because of its simplicity and affordability. It is also one of the most accessible games offered by PCSO, with over 10,000 authorized lotto outlets nationwide. Moreover, the game provides players with a chance to win a substantial amount of money for a small investment.
The proceeds from the 2D Lotto game, like all PCSO games, are used to fund various charitable programs and services of the Philippine government. These include health and medical assistance, education, and disaster relief operations, among others.
In conclusion, the 2D Lotto game is a fun and exciting way for Filipinos to try their luck and win prizes. It is a simple and affordable game that can potentially change the lives of its players. However, players must remember to play responsibly and within their means, and they should not see lotto games as a solution to their financial problems.


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What's wrong with curating today? Does it too heavily favor men? Does it overlook emerging artists in favor of an unassailable academic canon? Does it act too often as a vehicle for the market, or the curator's ego?
No. What is wrong with curating today is that it does not involve Twitter and Madonna.
At 4:30 today, that will change.
Madonna's #artforfreedom is a grant program where she'll choose one artist per month, and donate $10,000 to a charity of his or her choosing— because, as she says in her video "Secret Project Revolution," there's "too much creativity being crushed beneath the wheel of corporate branding and what's trending." (What's trending? #artforfreedom.)
In case because you haven't read the press material, we've parsed enough of it to impart that for freedom means for press, and curating means retweeting, and art means whatever dovetails with the brand.
It's the kind of corporate, reductive, out-of-touch logic that would make someone believe that covering Elliot Smith's Between the Bars with hot cops speaks to any semblance of the reality of prison injustice. It's also a fundamental misunderstanding of the word "curate," which is more about protecting culture than picking your faves.
It's also a fundamental misunderstanding of the word "curate", which refers to deep historical and cultural study.
It's also a fundamental misunderstanding of the word "curate", which once upon a time had something to do with giving a shit.
And if you're going to argue that this is a positive step for the mainstream addressing social injustice– stop. Filmmaker and Madonna collaborator Steven Klein says their video "Secret Project Revolution" "examines our private prisons" and "questions our governments." Three minutes in, it's also about being too sexy to start a revolution. "If I had black skin and an afro would you take me seriously?" Madonna asks. "Instead, I'm a woman. I'm blonde. I have tits and an ass, and an insatiable desire to be noticed." Mix that with some contempo-looking dance, and scenes of torture and incarceration are equated with the oppression of being a star.
So it's pretty much a mix between Aerosmith's dystopic 1994 arcade shooter Revolution X (tagline: "Music is the weapon!") and Lady Gaga's prison-themed music video for Telephone. It's not about freedom per se as much as it's about self-love; this, she says, will be the revolution "about not giving a damn about what people say." Because that's what freedom of speech is!
And if you didn't think she could twist the knife any harder, there's this: when interviewed by VICE, who's co-releasing the video, Madonna says she's "attracted to [oppression]." "It inspires me," she says. "It's evocative."


text:
Peter Finch asked:
Your garden can be a manifestation of your own creativity. It is no longer a place where you plant fruits and vegetables. If you would like to add a little more life and enhance the look of your garden opt for interesting garden designs.
Before you go ahead with some garden designs, you may like to keep some guidelines in mind to for better synchrony of your surroundings:
The Golden Rule
The key to innovative garden designs is a simple rule. THINK BEFORE YOU PLANT. Plan your garden in sync with the look of your house to make a cohesive unit that is in harmony with each other.
Discover The Purpose
Prior to finalizing your garden designs, you may like to consider how the garden would be used. Would you like to enhance the view of the house or would you like to entertain guests? Would little children be comfortable playing in your garden or would senior citizens love taking a walk there? Would your garden occupy private space or would it be in public view? It would really help if you finalized the main purpose of your garden, and then proceeded to design it.
Landscape Matters
Opt for garden designs that compliment the landscape and the house. It is important to remember that the house is the most important part of the landscape and the garden needs to be designed in harmony with the house and the surroundings. Then the different elements of the house and the garden can connect better to provide an interesting style to the house and the landscape.
Choose Your Garden
You have a choice of formal, a semiformal or natural garden designs. A formal garden has the plants and shrubs arranged symmetrically around two axis, which provide a cross with the pool or a gazebo at the center. These gardens are usually adorned with evergreens, hedges or walls and have a hard surface terrace. A semi-formal garden also works on the same axial plan as the formal one; however the garden designs are a little less rigid. In many instances, the hard surface terrace is replaced by grass or evergreen shrubs. Besides, you may also see flowers, vegetables or herbs spilling out of the beds.
Natural garden designs follow the intrinsic landscape. They usually meander around the surroundings and have a casual or softer look. The architectural style of the house, the budget and the personal preference of the owner may eventually decide upon the design of the garden.
Create A Theme
Most garden designs are usually creations of the owners or the gardeners mind, and you have a range of themes to choose from. Let your creativity decide the theme; just make sure that it compliments the overall landscape and the style of the house and garden.
Play With Colors
Colors play a very important role in garden designs. With practice and experimentation you will be able to understand the essence of combining colors. However, you may begin by referring to the color wheel, where colors are arranged according to their relationships with each other. Most color wheels contain 12 colors only, but you may be able to color coordinate the plants and flowers better a violet-red to red to orange-red, in the same order as they appear in the color wheel. Move Around.
Garden designs should be able to accommodate free movement. Designing walkways, pathways or driveways are very important aspects. To make the view of the garden interesting, you can expose vistas that would make a pleasant view. This may encourage visitors to get off the path or driveway and take a closer look at the garden.
Drainage is another important factor in garden designs. A sound drainage system will ensure hygiene and maintain overall garden health. On the other hand an unsound drainage system will destroy your garden.
If you are not happy with your existing garden design, follow these guidelines and spice up your view! Add your imagination and creativity to these simple guidelines and create garden designs that will make you proud.


text:
David Forde
Danny Shittu
Shane Lowry
Mark Beevers
Adam Smith
Liam Trotter
James Henry
Chris Taylor
Nadjim Abdou
Andy Keogh
Chris Wood
Maik Taylor
Jack Smith
Karleigh Osborne
Scott Malone
Josh Wright
Liam Feeney
Dany NGuessan
Lions' unbeaten run comes to an end with humbling defeat
1Millwall's 13-match unbeaten run came to an end as resurgent Ipswich recorded a third successive npower Championship victory thanks to a brace from DJ Campbell.
The Lions went into the encounter as the second tier's form side having won four of their last five, boasting four successive clean sheets in the process.
And they should have taken the lead as they enjoyed the better of the opening half-hour, Chris Wood heading a great chance over while Town goalkeeper Stephen Henderson denied Andy Keogh, Liam Trotter and James Henry.
Campbell punished the visitors as he then converted a flowing move from close range for his seventh goal in 12 games since joining on loan from QPR.
The striker turned provider five minutes after half-time as he chased down Danny Shittu, gained possession and fed Daryl Murphy to sweep home.
Campbell then bagged his second from the penalty spot after Shane Lowry's handball - Town's fourth successive game in which they have been awarded a spot-kick.
Campbell's form will certainly give QPR boss Harry Redknapp food for thought, with his loan stay due to expire in January.
It is the first time Ipswich have recorded three successive wins in 10 months while Mick McCarthy has now won five of his eight games since taking charge.
The game's first chance went to Town striker Murphy after seven minutes but he could only head wide from Lee Martin's cross.
Henderson made his first smart save from Keogh's header before Lions strike partner Wood wasted a golden opportunity, nodding Henry's free-kick over the bar from five yards.
Millwall's profligacy was their undoing on that occasion but they were denied twice by some superb goalkeeping by Henderson just after the half-hour mark.
Trotter was kept out as Henderson parried his effort and from the rebound Henry saw his shot tipped around a post.
Murphy fired over from 12 yards for Town before Ipswich opened the scoring in the 37th minute courtesy of a well-worked move.
Martin released Aaron Cresswell down the left and he delivered a great cross for Campbell to convert from close range.
It proved the final act of note in the first half but Town fans did not have to wait long after the break for a second as Campbell turned provider.
The striker chased down Millwall defender Shittu and, when he gave away possession, Campbell squared for Murphy to convert from six yards.
David Forde had to be alert to prevent a third as he tipped Martin's free-kick over the bar, before Campbell fired off target when presented with a great chance from close range.
But the points were wrapped up in the 64th minute when Lowry was penalised for handball, leaving Campbell to convert from the spot.
Shittu went some way to making up for his error late on when he denied Martin a fourth, clearing off the line.
Daily Mail


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[Page 337]
[Tîrgu Lăpuş, Romania]
47°27' 23°52'
by Karl Lázár
Translated by Susan Geroe
The township of Magyarlapos is a district seat. A typical little Transylvanian country town, it is located between the Cibles and Sator Mountains, on the banks of the River Lapos, in a valley surrounded by woods.
Three nationalities - Jewish, Hungarian, and Romanian lived there peacefully.
The Jewry of the community lived the rugged, but relatively quiet Transylvanian Jewish life of the post Emancipation peaceful era. Retailers, craftsmen, fair merchants, day by day traveling salesmen, grains and livestock tradesmen, Jewish community workers, teachers and Yeshiva students, they all painted a colorful picture of original characters worthy of Shalom Alechem's writings.
The Magyarlapos Jewish life embraces the past of the small town's Jewry, as indicate the dates found on the cemetery grave markers, from its beginning to the era of destruction, through the sad history of today's handful of survivors. It follows the history of the 1200 souls all the way from their small number at the beginning of last century, through the emancipation period, to the advanced days of this century. It describes the excruciatingly difficult lives of poverty stricken people, struggling with daily worries about subsistence, the development of small industry and economic life according to needs, until the emergence of Jewish doctors, lawyers, and notaries.
The lives of these Jews ran according to the philosophical beliefs of the Teitelbaum rabbinical dynasty, following a conservative, Chassidic lifestyle. The rabbi ruled, and his word was the law. Yet, despite the rigid, anti-Zionist concept, the progressive ideas of the times permeated the thoughts of the youth and a lively Zionist life developed after First World War, as this book describes it in details.
It builds a wonderful monument to both, the development and demise of this two hundred-year-old Community. It immortalizes the names of those people who offered an opportunity to others in need to make a living, or who were benefactors and supported the Jewish spirit of this small town.
Singer Zoltan, editor of this book, undertook a praiseworthy job when he decided to honor the Jewish history of Szolnok-Doboka County all the way through its tragic demise, in the form of a memorial book.
Nemes Geza, a son of Magyarlapos, deserves gratitude and appreciation. He spared no time or trouble and helped the editor by collecting and processing data, and also wrote the history of the Jews of Magyarlapos and the surrounding towns that belonged to the county.
We believe that indeed, this book will find its way everywhere and will attain its true and noble goal to serve as a memorial for posterity.
Translated by Susan Geroe
Magyarlapos was one of the district seats of the former Szolnok-Doboka County. Until 1918, it belonged to Hungary, and from then on, with smaller interruptions, to Romania's Ardeal (Transylvania). A mountainous area in its northern parts, this region was neighboring the northeastern most county of the former Great Hungary, Maramures.
Magyarlapos is situated near the River Lapos, north of the Ilosva and close to the Cibles Mountains, near beech and oak wood forests. People in the region were primarily involved in agriculture, livestock, and forestry. In that old Hungary, excepting Hunyad County, Szolnok-Doboka County accounted for the highest number of people who were unable to read or write.
In Antiquity, following the demise of the Roman Empire, Goths also inhabited this area. During the migration period, the indigenous population most probably decreased in number. Later, the Slavs substituted the Goths and they were mostly involved with salt exploration in the region. (In old Hungarian language, the word Szolnok refers to someone involved in salt exploration.) Hungarians, and subsequently Hungarianized Szeklars replaced later these inhabitants.
At the turn of the century, Magyarlapos had a population of hardly more than 2000 people, but due to the earlier mentioned location and market days, its importance far exceeded the rank of its population.
As we know, a few Jews came to Transylvania during the sixteenth century, most probably as participants in the big market days of Gyulafehervar or other towns. They most certainly settled in this area only temporarily, certainly not for good. Officially, Jewish people from the South set up homes here with permission only in the seventeenth century. They were descendants of Jews who settled in Istanbul, Turkey, following the Spanish Expulsion. After the Fall of the Turkish Empire, these Jews, listening to their common sense, migrated back to Turkish territories.
We have no proof whatsoever that Jews reached Szolnok-Doboka before the eighteenth century and it is not even probable, according to the documents of the Hungarian Archives.
During the eighteenth century, we find within Hungarian Jewish circles that Jews of Moravian and German provenience outweighed others both in number and otherwise. This fact indicates that their majority probably came from western parts, including those Jews who at the beginning of the eighteenth century appeared as first Jewish representatives in Magyarlapos.
The mountainous region at the northern part of the county, and more so the effective patrolling of the border coupled with the harshest punishments for illegal border crossings, slowed down considerably in the beginning the Russian-Polish Jewish migration through the Carpathian Mountains. Yet, the Jewish pogrom of 1648 in Chmelnitzky set forth the beginnings of the migration within this Jewish branch as well.
All the data in our possession indicate that the Jews of Magyalapos came to Hungary and its surroundings from the earlier mentioned northern parts. The western sounding of their names presents further evidence to this, as does the overwhelming western influence shown by the rituals of their religious lives.
During the course of more than two centuries, the Jews of Magyarlapos adjusted to the Hungarian and Romanian population of the area. Children went to school together, cultural programs were organized jointly, and even more than that, some Jews associated with the most diversified strata of the population.
The changes of the 1918s interrupted for the first time these fully cordial seeming relations, and were followed by the consolidation, which brought about Hitlerism. Finally, the Vienna Awards completely and catastrophically put an end to the peaceful coexistence.
In the story below, we describe the Jews of Magyarlapos, who seemed to be an integral part of the colorful local environment, who later disappeared forever, and who will no longer have continuity in Magyarlapos.
Twenty-five years have passed since deportation, since the destruction of the greater part of the Jews of Hungary. We had no data from the Hungarian Archives at our disposal when we researched the past of Magyarlapos. We found a few sentences relating to the matter on page 552 of Zsido Lexikon (Jewish Encyclopedia). There are possible doubts even as to the accuracy of these entries. However, the century long entries in the Journal of the Chevra Kadisha surfaced, which we find fully reliable. The tombstones also bear credible witness to this devoted Jewish Community that was far away from the railroad tracks.
On one of the gravestones in the cemetery of Magyarlapos we find the following inscription: Here lies Gele bath Mordechaj, deceased 5559, in the year 1799 by the Christian calendar.
Given that the deceased lived for sure in Magyarlapos and obviously, as a woman was not its first resident, we can assume with certainty that at the beginning of the eighteenth century, possibly somewhat earlier, Jews already lived in the district.
Translated by Susan Geroe
Magyarlapos elected its first rabbi, Cvi Hirsch Weiss, the son-in-law of Rabbi Meir Asch, around 1865. He functioned in Lapos for fifteen years and published within that time several Halachic type scientific works, among them, Zichron Jehuda, Minhagot Rabenu Meir Asch, Amude and l'bet Jozsef. He passed away in Poland, in 1897.
Zsido Lexikon mentions the name of Rav Mose Weisz also among the rabbis of Magyarlapos. We couldn't find data about his works.
In 1882, a new chief rabbi came to Magyarlapos - Mose David Teitelbaum. Rabbi Mose Teitelbaum was the son of the Gorlice Rabbi, and grandson of the once famous Chief Rabbi of Satoraljaujhely, Mose Teitelbaum (Jiszmah Mose).
Chief Rabbi of Magyarlapos |
His election proved to be a blessing for both, the Jews of Magyarlapos and the Jewry of the region in that it reenergized entirely the community life.
During the time he served there, it became necessary to set up a bet-hamidrash in addition to the new synagogue, built in 1885 for the yeshiva he founded. The yeshiva started out with an enrollment of 90 students, and functioned according to the rules introduced by the chief rabbi. The school provided high-level instruction in Talmudic sciences. Enrollment varied according to the changing economic circumstances.
In later years, the former students of the yeshiva created the Chassidic congregant circle of the Teitelbaum Court in Magyarlapos. They came to see the Rabbi from all parts of the Empire.
As a Talmud scholar and as an individual, he was on the heels of his cousins from Sziget, Nagykaroly, and Szatmar, even in the fervent way in which he practiced his religion. He was more modest, perhaps. He published all the works of his grandfather, Jiszmach Mose, and also wrote his biography.
Due to his interest in Talmudic literature, the results he achieved in the leadership of the orthodoxy in Transylvania, as well as his recognition as a great Talmudic scholar, many came to him with significant din-Torah or Halachic questions seeking his counsel. His decisions were always recognized to be valid. All his work was lost during deportation.
He received undivided appreciation with his life style and appearance, even though he held to his ideas in the extreme, under any circumstances. His religious beliefs that were nearly extreme were matched by his love of Zion. In 1910, he visited the Land of Israel, yet as his cousins, he didn't believe in political Zionism. Shortly before his death though, he agreed to the organization of Poale Agudat Israel and the establishment of hachsara camps in Magyarlapos.
After the revolution that followed the end of First World War, once again, he reorganized the war ravaged yeshiva, but left its leadership in the hands of his son's son-in-law, Rav Aharon Gross, who also held the position of Dayan beside him. At this time, enrollment in the yeshiva grew from 180 to 200 students, and different from the earlier practice of humble partaking of food, it now provided full board, according of course, to the sufficiency of the donations. Rutner Zriel was in charge of the dining room.
Rabbi M. D. Teitelbaum had three sons. The oldest, Rabbi A. Ch. Teitelbaum was chief rabbi of the Polish resort, Krenitza. The second son, S.L. Teitelbaum established already before First World War a printing shop in Magyarlapos, then became a wholesale merchant in Budapest. Later, he immigrated to the United States, where to this day functions as the Lapos rabbi. The third son, J.S. Teitelbaum, was a merchant in Magyarlapos and Honorary Rabbi of Domokos. He was deported with his wife and two sons to Auschwitz.
Rabbi Abraham Chaim's eldest daughter, Beilcsu, wife of earlier mentioned Gross Aharon, remained in Magyarlapos.
Rabbi M.D. Teitelbaum died suddenly, while participating at the convention of the Central Orthodox Association, in Des, in 1935.
On the very day of the funeral, with the support of Rabbi Jajlis Teitelbaum of Szatmar, they convinced his son, J.S. Teitelbaum to withdraw his nomination. Thus, they elected unanimously Gross Aharon as chief rabbi of Magyarlapos.
Gross Aharon was a great Talmudic scholar, but a weak speaker. He was missing his great predecessor's individual power of attraction, and in consequence, the life of the congregation began to unwind.
The new rabbi took care of local problems mostly, thus giving place to constant disagreements. The fights within the Community became a daily issue.
His wife, the earlier mentioned Teitelbaum Beilcsu, was a talented, agile woman. She stood at the head of every women's organization and charity action. She saved many poor men from dying of cold and hunger.
Rabbi Gross Aharon, together with his noble hearted wife, children, and rabbi son-in-law, was deported with all the other Jews of Magyarlapos. There was no survivor whatsoever from his family.
Besides the well-known rabbis, knowledgeable shohets trained as rabbis functioned in Magyarlapos, as well.
At the beginning of the century, Rabbi Feisch Weiss came to Lapos. By professional calling, he was not pleased to be a shohet, and held daily Talmudic presentations for adults. In 1909, he published the Halachic works of his late grandfather, the world-renowned Rabbi Slomo Ganzfried, entitled Lechem Voszimla. He went to Kolozsvar from Magyarlapos.
Rav Jidl Werzberger followed him in Magyarlapos, until he left for Nagyvarad, in 1937.
The next shohet who served was Rav Arje Katz, grandson of Rav Slajme Sajchet from Sziget. He was a popular sermon leader as well. In 1942, he was rounded up into labor unit 110/34 and taken to the Ukraine. He died during the great retreat, while his wife and children perished during deportation.
For a while, Smuel Jozsef Bittmann functioned as associate shohet in Magyarlapos.
Here, we have a story linked to Magyarlapos. There once lived in the Zsil River valley a very observant rabbi during the nineteenth century, Jozsef Steiner, who on a Thursday, while Jewish families were preparing for Shabbat, found a spot in one of the lungs of a slaughtered cow. After long hesitation, ranking most important the public need to provide meat for the Jewish families during the Shabbat, he declared the cow fit for consumption from religious point of view. However, his conscience bothered him. He constantly researched Halachic works and finally, arrived to the conclusion that his decision was improper. Then, in the tradition of the elder tzadiks, he brought judgment against himself, in that he left his job, and picked up a walking stick. He walked and wandered from village to village to do penance, until he crossed from the southern parts to the northern ones and reached Magyarlapos.
He came face to face in Magyarlapos with Rabbi Mose Teitelbaum, who received the broken traveler with these words: Reb Jozsef, it was enough already! From then on, he functioned as the gabai of the rabbi, later as melamed, but never accepted another rabbinic position.
Rav Israel Berger, whose works can also be found in the Library of the University of Jerusalem, belongs in this chapter, too. He was born in Magyarlapos, and later became rabbi in Buzau and Bucharest. He became famous with his work written on Chassidism and about the lives of the great rabbis.
As a young man, his father, r. Izsak S. Berger, one of the founders of the Jewish Community of Magyarlapos, sent his brother, Rabbi Maier Berger, to the Holy Land. He functioned as rabbi in Sefad and published in 1912 a book about medications and szgelesz, entitled Imre Israel.
Translated by Susan Geroe
The ten-member Jewish Community was established in 1820. Ignac Hirsch, a wealthy landowner, considered a prominent personality in the entire surrounding area, was the first president of the community. Simon Leopold and Berger Izsak were also landowners. Members of the community leadership beside Mr. Hirsch, were Fuchs Eisik and Matyas Mose. Salamon Zalmen, Stossel Abraham, and Leb Natan were founding members.
First, they were holding services in a temporary prayer house. In 1885, when the membership of the community grew to 80 families, 400-500 people respectively, they tore down the temporary prayer house and from the Hirsch Ignac Foundation, they built in its place the large imposing synagogue, which stands to this day.
Friedlander David was the president of the community during those days. His accomplishments, as customary in those days, were listed in the Memorial Album published in 1896 in Budapest, on the occasion of Hungary's Millennial Jubilee. On the next page, we publish the extract of Friedlander David's short biography and picture from this memorial album.
The majority of the members made a living from handicrafts, but generally, everybody was also involved in agriculture.
A few Jewish families lived in each one of the surrounding villages listed below, which belonged organizationally to the Magyarlapos Orthodox Community:
By way of development, the three larger villages - Olahlapos, Domokos, and Felsoszocs - built their own temples, had their own ritual baths and each employed its own shochet. They shared though the rabbi and the vital statistics recordings.
The congregation of Olahlapos included only one family and all members, from first to last, were related. The temple and ritual bath were located in the residence of Reb Gedalje. The shochet, Reb Jicchak Kaufmann was his son-in-law. Therefore, following morning prayers, both on weekdays and on Saturdays, it was natural that everyone ate breakfast in the room next to Reb Gedalje's prayer house, as his guest. This guest inn was open for room and board without charge to all Jewish travelers, rich and poor. Dub Jantel, his son-in-law, continued this noble tradition, and later, his son, Samu, carried this on.
Until the end of the nineteenth century, when the total population of Magyarlapos counted hardly more than 2000 residents, the Community and its institutions were maintained in part by the solid support of the well-to-do members and economically established Jews from the countryside, who were mostly involved in agriculture. If we question how was it possible that such a great Community was able to maintain itself solvent within such a relatively small place, it is difficult to answer to this day, even if we understand that the post office, postal savings bank, tax office, District Court, or the insignificant market days were always busy. Obviously, though, it all contributed to the growth of the community. A great number of the Magyalapos community members were Talmudic scholars who exercised a strong influence over the life of the community.
He was born in 1833 in Kis-Varda, where his father functioned as chief rabbi. Following his father's wishes, he also took up Talmudic studies first, but later became a merchant, and took over a tobacco store in Magyarlapos. Due to his wholesome character, his exceptional talents, soon, they elected him president of the community, a position where he worked with great fervor for the establishment of cultural institutions and the Hungarianization of the Jewish Community. Friedlander never got rich financially, however enjoyed the affection of his fellow citizens, who honored in him the good patriot, unselfish citizen, and the person ready for any sacrifice.
Translated by Susan Geroe
Rabbi David Jehuda Pollak, son of the chief rabbi of Bonyhad, one of the most famous students of the Chatam Szofer, came to the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains from the far away Transdanubia region. He organized the Chevra Kadisha that he led until the day he died. The book he kept for the Chevra still exists today, in Israel. Among his notes, this is what he wrote about himself: I who record these data, David Leb Pollak, am a servant of the Chevra for more than thirty years, L'orech jamim - until God allows me to live. Thus, the Chevra Kadisha already functioned in 1848, before the freedom fight, and was one of the most important influences in the lives of the Jews in Magyarlapos. It took care not only of funerals, but cared for the sick, supported financially the needy Jews and obtained medical care and medications for the sick.
Rabbi D.J. Pollak makes notes in his Chevra book of those who don't live up to their responsibilities in connection with the vigil of the deceased, visiting the sick, or other matters. Throughout long decades until his death, he served the Chevra with devotion, and on Moshe Rabenu's death anniversary, he conscientiously gave his traditional financial report. The previous page shows the financial report from 1877, which preserved the traditions of the Pozsony, Dunaszerdahely and other Ashkenazi type Communities, and tried to make them compatible with the Chassidic teachings of the Baal Shem Tov.
After his death that occurred in 1910, Berkovits Mendel led the Chevra until 1930. Matyas Matesz followed him until about 1937. Pollak Vilmos, grandson of the founder succeeded the latter and functioned in his grandfather's spirit until deportation.
Second guardian of the Chevra was Idel Adolf for a while, followed by Grunstein Jakab.
We recall here the Edrich (Katene) family, who filled the position of Shames of the Chevra Kadisha for three generations.
Translated by Susan Geroe
We are sure that the community (leaders) thought about a temporary ritual bath at the time when they founded the Community. However, in 1905, during the presidency of Fuchs Janos and guardianship of Loger Jozsef, they built the most luxurious ritual bath known to the furthest away region.
This bath, equipped with steam and tub, tiled walls, and white enameled sunken bathtubs, served the Jewish and indeed the entire community magnificently until the change of regime, in 1918. As its furnishings were pillaged during the revolution, the second rebuilding was not as lavish due to lack of funds, but this bath, which the Community operated always in the red, remains the only common bath in Magyarlapos, used and enjoyed by the residents, to this day.
In those days, the steam whistle signaled the time to close business, as well as that of candle lighting for the faithful on Shabbat and Holidays.
Translated by Susan Geroe
Even though the Talmud-Torah had a five-room building at its disposal, the building was not used as a school. It was the residence of shochets until the end of First World War. Still, they didn't neglect the children's Jewish education, and under the supervision of the chief rabbi and local officers of the community knowledgeable in the Talmud, private cheders functioned. Melameds instructed and educated the children throughout the entire school system, in the traditional Jewish religious spirit, providing excellent students for the earlier mentioned yeshiva. In that period, the Talmud-Torah paid the tuition of only the financially needy students.
Following First World War, the Talmud-Torah based on a curriculum, functioned already systematically in accordance with the initiative and leadership of Markovits Laszlo and Deutsch Pal. First, they brought melameds from other cities, then Loger Chajim and Weisz Jozsef, both highly prepared scholars, took over the instruction.
The most prosperous era in the life of the Community dated to the beginning of the twentieth century.
This progress, which started at the beginning of the twentieth century, had general causes, as it was regarded to an extent as part of the national boom. Yet, it was also attributable to individual success. In this regard, we mention Loger Jozsef, who was several times President of the Community due to his organizational abilities and good rapport with the chief rabbi. When replaced, after a short time, by reason of his abilities, he returned to occupy again the president's seat.
Joel Israel, Markovits Mihaly, Rosenfeld Armin, Grunstein Sulem, Karl Lazar, Biener Baruch, Dr. Salamon Miksa, and Matyas Berti followed him in this position. The latter, even though not elected officially, represented the Community in every matter. As a childless man, he devoted all his time to community business.
For a short time, Pollak Vilmos was the notary and auditor of the community, followed by Sauber Hermann. He filled this position with great skill and devotion until deportation.
According to the Golden Album (Aranyalbum), published by Hegedus Martin, during First World War, the community had 120 enlisted members. Ten of them died on the frontline. Despite some inaccuracies, we published the section of the Aranyalbum, which related to Magyarlapos.
After the end of First World War, as it happened nationwide, the revolution in Magyarlapos consisted mainly in that the population of the neighboring villages robbed the unprotected Jews.
Before the revolution, the peace and work loving Jewish population participated in agriculture, industry, and commerce, and also helped in their development and their prosperity. That aside, they represented the image of the faithful citizen who spread the language and culture of the state outside its borders.
The expulsion of the Jews from the surrounding villages as well as their robbing had started during the first days after the change of regime in 1918. Grunstein Jeno, owner of a threshing machine in Alszocs, was cruelly murdered as he fell victim to this type of behavior.
Thereby, the Community had to take up brand new responsibilities. Jews chased out and robbed of all their possessions from the surrounding villages drifted to Magyarlapos. They arrived not only robbed of everything material they had from their ancestors or acquired through their own incredible efforts, but also without a livelihood. They were able to bring along only their great misery and they needed charitable relief from the Magyarlapos community. The community refocused its priorities by placing social welfare in the forefront.
Translated by Susan Geroe
Social organizations, registered as legal entities did not exist in Magyarlapos. However, a locality with such a high number of people to receive social support as they did here, did not exist perhaps anywhere else in the entire country. More than two thirds of the one thousand-member Community, qualified for help. They all lived from funds received from various institutions created by private initiative and led by the founders.
Gemilat CheszedGemilat Cheszed, a private association founded and led by David Mihaly (Chajim Mose Jankels) was an example of such a society. It had no by rules, it functioned as a private association, and exceeded all expectations. It was all due to Chajim M. Jankels that small merchants could pay for their merchandise with cash upon delivery, that there was no holding period placed on their checks, or that they were able to survive in the midst of the economic crisis without cash capital on hand.
He operated by visiting daily each merchant and artisan and if he found they had cash that they were not using that particular day, he borrowed it and passed it on to those people who had an immediate need for the money. If a well-to-do visitor arrived in town for a few days, Chajim went promptly to see him, to secure the money the visitor had on him.
This cash capital swap system, based purely and solely on trust, love, and appreciation exceeded all expectations. Everyone complied always with exactitude to terms of the repayment schedule, without any external force - out of honesty.
Poale CedekThe main objective of the Poale Cedek in Magyarlapos was to help artisans and those in need with interest free loans.
The leaders of Poale Cedek craftsmen's association were Zweig Abraham and Henzel Mihaly. The association was able to function besides the small dues collected, from monetary offerings made during services. They tried to help in such a manner that the person who received would not feel humiliated.
Translated by Susan Geroe
The most active social organization was the Women's Association. Mrs. Gross Aharon, née Teitelbaum Beilcsu, wife of the chief rabbi was its permanent president.
Every week, two women went to each member of the community to collect cash and other donations. Not only did the congregants not refuse a donation, but rather everybody participated above their means.
Markovits Lajos undertook similar activities to those of the Women's Association, in that he did everything that no poor would want, nobody would be left without meat on Shabbat, or without wood in the winter. In addition, there were always occasional collectors like Pollak Vilmos, Matyas Berti, or David Mihaly.
All these official or unofficial associations were trying to help in the first place those people in Magyarlapos who needed help. There were times, such as immediately after the change of regime, two thirds of the community members were social welfare cases. Still, the Community did not think of turning to outside sources for help because it felt it was its own responsibility.
In 1927, following the Jewish persecutions, once again, difficult days hit the community economically too. Even though the pogroms didn't yet reach Magyarlapos in 1930, their economic impact was strongly felt. The majority of small households remained without an income and the earlier mentioned jobs became indispensable.
Besides every community's own work, they never forgot about their other Jewish brothers. The dreary economic situation, the general Jewish misery, did not miss Magyarlapos either. Moreover, it hit equally the Jews of Maramaros, the neighboring county. This economic situation affected even worse those poorest Jews of Maramaros, who always accepted with gratitude the most difficult of physical labor. Family men with several children were unable to provide cornbread to feed the family and were forced to migrate from place to place. Over mountains, valleys, and across woods, with meager haversacks, they arrived to Magyarlapos as beggars. The Magyarlapos community fulfilled the ancient Jewish tradition when they received them with open arms.
A three-bedroom place, slajfstibl with bed linens, all equipped, was waiting for them and they also received board. Even the poorest resident of Magyarlapos took part in this charity.
Transit travelers never left the community hungry or thirsty. They received room and board, and on Saturdays were treated in a special way. For the road, they received a little cash, and then, they usually went on, to beg.
Translated by Susan Geroe
As shown, during certain historical periods, the greater majority of Jews lived under very difficult financial circumstances. Notwithstanding the difficulties, they contributed to the industrial, agricultural, and cultural development of the area, and some of them achieved outstanding economic and social positions.
Until the turn of the century, Armenians handled an insignificant part of the economy. Industry was practically inexistent, or it existed only within its beginning stages. The Jews of Magyarlapos participated honorably in these early stages of the national boom that characterized the period.
First, the commerce developed, then the industry.
Pollak Karoly set up a glass and leather goods business. Additionally, the Pollaks opened a modern beer-filling warehouse.
Paneth Lipot owned an ironmongery business, Joel Izrael opened an alcohol producing commercial outfit, while Grunstein Jakab, a straw-hat store. Karl, Noe, and Berkovits, (three brothers-in-law) founded a grocery store and ironmongery, which later, became the largest outfit in the region under the name Karl Mihaly's Sons, directed by Karl Lazar.
Fuchs Jakab started a modern textile store, as did Roth Ignacz Fuchs Hermann.
S.L.Teitelbaum created a modern printing press, which was taken over later by Rosenfeld Armin.
Berkovits Mendel and the two men named Markovits Izrael established a large warehouse for unprocessed animal skins, where they collected unprocessed and wild animal pelts from four neighboring counties. Following the war, Markovits Ivan took over the leadership of this enterprise and in partnership with Bernad Dezso of Des, transformed it into one of Transylvania's largest rawhide enterprise.
Industrial development was following in step the development of commerce. Smaller industries began to boom mostly through the power of the Jewish initiative. Jewish stores owned by tanners, fur makers, tinsmiths, watchmakers, and silver and goldsmiths were founded. Tailoring and shoemaking, trades allowed Jews to practice during the Middle Ages were certainly not abandoned, but rather continued to be practiced. Along the years, they created shops for horseshoe makers, masons, and wheels and carriage builders. With all these trades, Jews contributed in a decisive measure to the development of the district.
Jews have established three financial institutions in those days in Magyarlapos.
Dr. Erdelyi David and Markovits Hermann were managing the Credit Bank, while Karl Mihaly, Bura Salamon, and Deutsch Pal led the Bank of Commerce. Both banks closed at the end of First World War. The third bank, The Self Help Association of Magyarlapos, under the direction of Fuchs Jakab and Berkovits Mendel functioned until the end of the 1930s.
All three banks helped out many ordinary people, Christian and Jewish, alike. They extended commercial, industrial, and agricultural loans.
After First World War, despite continuously reoccurring crisis, there were a few important Jewish entrepreneurs: Markovits Mihaly bought and rebuilt the steam-operated mill of Count Eszterhazy. Wiener Leopold and his sons purchased an alcohol wholesale business. Rosenberg Armin acquired a grocery and ironmongery wholesale dealership, while Grunstein Sulem opened a shoe store named "Dermata".
Jews were represented in the political life as well. Before 1918, during the Hungarian era, Fuchs Jakab and Berkovits Mendel were members of the District Council, keeping an eye on matters of interest to both, Christians and Jewish residents.
During the new Romanian era, Markovits Mihaly, Dr. Biro Samu, Karl Lazar, and Idel Adolf, all sat subsequently on the City Council, and also served the common interest of the city.
During both, the Hungarian and Romanian regimes, until the formation of the Jewish Party that attracted the Jewish voters, the Jewry voted overwhelmingly with the party that represented the government.
At the time, Magyarlapos was a multi national region of Greater Hungary. The authorities considered that Jews improved the Hungarian ratio, which represented its interest vis-à-vis the other nationalities. That is the explanation why throughout Magyarlapos District, under the Hungarian regime until the end of First World War, the public notary positions within the county government were entrusted without exception to mostly observing Jews.
By name, they were Mark Jozsef in Olahlapos, Schwartz Aron in Felsosocs, Nussbacher Jeno in Domokos, Mark Moric in Rohi, Grossmann Jakab in Macskamezo, Weinberger Abraham in Kisdebrek, Idel Viktor in Kupsafalva, and Landau Mor in Korulyfalva. Weinstock Ignac was assistant town clerk and recorder of vital statistics in Magyarlapos.
If Szabo Gusztav, chief magistrate of the gentry saw the need to convoke a meeting for all notaries, he had to organize the usual feast in the kosher restaurant of Auntie Leni because all notaries were observant Jews and ate only kosher food.
Reich Jozsef was the mayor of Magyarlapos for twenty-five years and Herskovits Andor, the bailiff.
Blau Jozsef, a JewishTalmud scholar was also the standing assistant notary public. Furthermore, he functioned as religion teacher in the state public school. Later, he immigrated to the United States, where he served as rabbi until his death.
From among the District notaries, Mark Moric, Grossmann Jakab, and Weinberger Abraham kept their positions until their retirement, even during the Romanian regime.
Four Jewish attorneys practiced in town. Among them we find Biro Samu, a highly decorated First World War veteran, Dr. Erdelyi David, who published a weekly entitled Ciblesalja, and Dr. Harnik Lipot, who moved to Magyarlapos during the interwar period. The latter was deported from Magyarlapos with his wife. His son and daughter are both pharmacists. Ivan resides in Belgium, while Lili lives in Romania.
Jews were also well represented in the health domain. People adored Dr. Salamon Miksa, who had a private practice in town, but earned the public's esteem equally, as a person and a doctor. He was president of the Jewish Community several times.
Dr. Steinfeld Dezso was a general practitioner in Olahlapos. His wife and children perished during deportation. Retired, he lives in Des.
In 1923, when the effects of the disaster caused by First World War were diminishing, the community numbered 170 families, which corresponded to approximately 900 people. Of the 170 families, 150 were paying dues.
The distribution of professions among families corresponded to that of the national average.
Translated by Susan Geroe
In 1918, successor states received territories that were formerly part of Greater Hungary. This way, Romania, the Republic of Serbia-Croatia-Slovenia of those days, Austria and theoretically also Italy, and Czechoslovakia came by some land. The more Jews declared themselves Hungarians, the happier Hungary of former days was, due to the high ratio of nationalities that now lived on its territory. They desired to improve this ratio by not recognizing Jews as Jewish nationals, but rather exerting pressure upon Jews to proclaim themselves being Jewish (Israelite) by religion, and Hungarian by nationality, given that their native tongue was Hungarian. This was not difficult to achieve, since Jews, in Magyarlapos the same way as in Zsolna or Szabadka, integrated themselves rapidly in the areas of Hungarian language, education, and culture.
Without discussing this question any further, we can determine that all successor states agreed that it was impossible to suddenly declare fully Romanian, Serbian, or Slovakian nationals those Jews who grew up in the Hungarian culture milieu. However, the states did not wish either that the Jews increased with their numbers the Hungarian statistics. They were seeking a middle solution. The Balfour Declaration, which first recognized officially the Jewish national aspirations, contributed to slowing down the assimilation process. For this reason, all the successor nations supported the idea of Zionism and did their utmost to publicize it. Through this scheme, they successfully decreased the ratio of Jews that would have been counted as Hungarians. This matter was of great significance in Magyarlapos as well.
In 1918, the Transylvanian National Jewish Association was created under the leadership and according to the ideas of the honorable Weissburg Chajim. Despite Rabbi Teitelbaum's strong objections, the Magyarlapos delegation took part in the inaugural meeting held in Kolozsvar, in 1920. Karl Mihaly and Mark Moric formed the delegation.
They created a local branch in Magyarlapos. Youth leaders Matyas Berti, Pollak Miksa and Matyas Sosana exerted great cultural activities in Zionist spirit, in blunt opposition with the chief rabbi.
The older group involved itself in the political arena. When it came to Community elections, they voted out those members who opposed the Zionist idea. They elected a Zionist leadership. Joel Izrael became president and Karl Mihaly trustee. The fight continued to the point where Zionist parents removed their children from the newly formed Talmud-Torah and placed them in a Zionist Cheder created in one of the separate wings of the Sajovits House. As teacher, they hired the young Jeremias Jozsef.
On Saturdays, the disputes continued in the synagogue. The chief rabbi forbade the chazzan to accept donations for the Jewish national causes from congregants called to the Torah for the usual blessings. At that time, Karl Mihaly, also member of the board, personally recited the ancient blessing in the role of gabai, and announced the donations made for the National Fund. Unfortunately, all this accounted for not more than episodes during the two decades when the Jews of Transylvania marked their names with gold letters in the history of Zionism.
Finally, the rabbi won. The elders got tired in the fight and slowly gave up opposition. As a consequence, no other Zionist party was ever created in the district.
The youth, however, held on to the ideas. They organized the Aviva and put together successful amateur shows. Matyas Sosana, who in the meantime became the first Hebrew kindergarten teacher, initially in Des, then in Nagyvarad, was of great help in this endeavor from time to time, when she returned home on vacation.
Due to changing times and ageing, the Zionist activity declined more and more, yet the children of a few Zionist families (Joel, Fuchs, Nemes, Loger families and others) continued canvassing for the Keren Kajjemet Lejiszrael collection box. They sent the contents of the emptied boxes to the Temesvar headquarters. Of course, it was not a matter of large sums because of the grim economic situation.
Given that the youth of Magyarlapos received a sound religious education, its natural path led to the Agudat Jiszrael. In 1934, a group made up of young yeshiva students led by Markovits Suli, founded the Ceire Poale Agudat Jiszrael. The organization put forth serious efforts. For a time, they even had a hachsara camp. Aside from maintaining a garden patch, they accepted every other type of physical work, which they performed collectively.
Even the organizational skills of Markovits Suli, including his great physical and financial sacrifice could not make a success of this movement, because the Vienna Awards of 1940 whirled away everything.
Translated by Susan Geroe
The crushing and ruining of Jewish livelihoods started even before the Vienna Award (1940), which re-annexed Northern Transylvania to Hungary. At this point, the process of crumbling to pieces, the destruction of all Jewish livelihoods was underway in Hungary. Jewish merchants involved in the business of alcoholic beverages were compelled to transfer their business licenses to Christians. An anti-Jewish mood not yet experienced in recent generations filled the air, and it ever increased with the subsequent strengthening of German power.
The Hungarians marched in on September 5, 1940, and slapped on the Jewish laws. They started a review of the industry. The handful of Jews who were allowed to keep their business licenses could no longer use them. Articles of vital importance could be purchased only from designated merchants. Christians alone could be such designated merchants. Jewish stores were allowed to sell only substitutions. Artisans, if they were Jewish, did not receive their necessary raw material allocations to manufacture merchandise, thus lost their livelihood one after the other.
Simultaneously, with the disengagement of Jews, the functioning of the Jewish institutions was brought to a halt as well, one after the other. The Yeshiva and the Talmud-Torah ceased to function, the Jewish Community closed the kosher butcher shop. Only the Chevra Kadisha was allowed to operate until the last day because to bury a Jew was permitted.
The majority of young men were called into labor battalions on June 20, 1942. They were taken to the Ukraine with the forced labor unit number 110/34. In a separate chapter, Singer Zoltan described the sad history of this labor unit.
After that date, slowly, every able man was called up into labor units, leaving at home only women, children, and elderly men. This is how March 19, 1944 of grim memory found Magyarlapos.
From that day forward, the relentless persecution and the all-out hate in every aspect of life against Jews got the upper hand. It didn't allow for the least bit of justice to prevail where Jews were concerned, and it ultimately resulted in their total physical extermination.
Starting April 5, Jews had to wear on their clothes, above their bust, the yellow star. Following this, events really happened with dramatic speed. They closed every Jewish store and shop. Fear, despair, and misery grew within the Jewry day by day.
May 4 marked the beginning of the catastrophic chapter in the Jewish history of Magyarlapos. By evening, one could see the horse drawn carts carrying Jews with their meager bundles from the surrounding villages. The carts stopped in the courtyard of the great synagogue, the same one that on every High Holiday for two centuries was filled with such carts. Then, they came to celebrate a holiday. Now, this courtyard was the first stop to their final destination.
Just as the cock-feathered gendarmes brought Jews to Magyarlapos from the surrounding villages, in the same way, early next morning, they started to round up the Jews of Magyarlapos. By evening, everyone was crowded inside the synagogue. That was how they slept, or rather stayed up. The following morning, every horse-drawn-cart in the district stood ready. Jews stepped onto the carts by families and the long, sad caravan set out on the road from which, more than 90 percent did not return.
They arrived to Des towards the evening of the same day, to the ghetto set up in the Bungur woods, where their sad fate became part of the rest of Szolnok-Doboka County, respectively the entire Hungarian Jewish destiny.
We must mention that on that day (May 4, 1944), when Jews from the surrounding villages were brought to the synagogue, Dub Samu and his daughter, Marmor Hanni and her three children from Olahlapos, were missing. They escaped to the woods beneath the Cibles Mountains and stayed hidden there, with the help of Ranger Ichim Nicolai. Two weeks later, Taub Jakab, Abraham Nuszi and Izsak Simi escaped from the Des ghetto and joined them. The gendarmes continuously searched for them, unsuccessfully. Finally, a few months later, they caught Mrs. Marmor and her three children. As no Jews were left by that time in Transylvania, they were taken to Budapest, where deportations have already ceased. This is how they survived. Today, she lives with her husband and children in Israel.
The story of Dr. Biro Samu, several times decorated reserve officer of First World War, whom we mentioned earlier, belongs in this chapter dedicated to deportation. He was also the recipient of many local merit awards. When he alluded to these awards during his stay in the Des ghetto, the Hungarian gendarmes beat him to death in no time, with the stock of their rifles. Dr. Biro Samu was buried in the ghetto.
Dr. Salamon Miksa, a well liked physician in Magyarlapos to whom we referred earlier, was highly esteemed by Christian residents also. In 1944, his Hungarian friends placed him in a forced labor unit as district physician for his comrades who were Magyarlapos residents. All this was of no help to him, as a few weeks after the rounding up of the Jews for Des, he too was taken to the Des ghetto, and murdered in Auschwitz along his wife and son.
We wrote the Yizkor Chapter with broken hearts, without finding consolation. We'd like to hold back our tears It is impossible
Look around and reckon, is there such great pain as mine?
These are the ones I mourn, my eyes, my eyes no longer shed tears, they pour forth like spring water, because the one who offers salvation and could calm my soul is far-far away from me.
In reciting Yizkor, the best we were now able to do, we tried to make a list of names of those who perished during deportation. Thus, if we failed to mention a saintly name, it happened due to unintentional causes - certainly, we did not mean to be impious.
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text:
A group I have played with for the past seven years, one I can actually name, has a few performances of note coming up. In fact, it seems as if the '09 ' - '10 season might mark the beginning of a 'golden age' for the Gunnelpumpers with more performances than we have done in quite a while.
Brainchild of bassist Doug Johnson, the Gunnelpumers are best described by the subtitle on the band's myspace page: music by accident. Other band members include bassist Mathew Golombisky, percussionists Randy Farr, Douglas Brush and Quin Kirchner, along with Guitarist John Meyer. The group has also included a host of stellar guest artists over the years. One of the most interesting things about the group is seeing who will show up for any given performance. One of the best things is that we almost never rehearse. We might have had one, maybe two over the past seven years. More info about the Gunnelpumpers, including music and photos, may be found here.
The Gunnelpumpers will be playing a live set on WNUR 89.3 FM, Saturday, January 2nd, from 4-5 on the Airplay program. WNUR is out of Evanston Illinois. For those out of signal range, I think the programing is available on the internet. For those still too hung over on January 2nd to tune in, I think they also archive the shows. More info is on their website.
On January 5th, the band will play live at Martyrs' (3855 N. Lincoln Ave. Chicago, IL) rounding out a show that begins at 8 PM. Any bass blog readers who happen to be at that show are welcome to say hello. Answering 3 bass blog trivia questions might even earn you a free beer, on me.


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Full Throttle Fitness
Our goal is to provide our members with a quality fitness experience. We are passionate about health and exercise and pride ourselves on giving our clients the best possible atmosphere and results.
The Best Gym in Columbus Ohio. No Nonsense Membership Packages (no hidden, delayed, or annual fees) The largest selection of equipment in the city. Inviting and welcoming atmosphere Capped Membership / No Overcrowding 1-on-1 Personal Training / No Pressured Sales from our Skilled Certified Personal Trainers.
Columbus () is the state capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Ohio. With a 2020 census population of 905,748, it is the 14th-most populous city in the U.S., the second-most populous city in the Midwest, after Chicago, and the third-most populous state capital. Columbus is the county seat of Franklin County; it also extends into Delaware and Fairfield counties. It is the core city of the Columbus metropolitan area, which encompasses 10 counties in central Ohio. It had a population of 2,138,926 in 2020, making it the largest metropolitan entirely in Ohio and 32nd-largest city in the U.S. Columbus originated as numerous Native American settlements on the banks of the Scioto River.
Arena District, Argyle Park, Brewery District, Brittany Hills, Brookhollow, Cherry Creek, City of Columbus - Department of Neighborhoods, Clinton Estates, Clintonville, Dennison Place, Devon Triangle, Discovery District, Driving Park, East Beechwold, Eastgate


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CENTENNIAL, Colo. – A bomb squad commander testified Wednesday that he was so concerned about the possibility of finding explosives in the car of Colorado theater shooting defendant James Holmes that he ran when he spotted a green laser beam, thinking it might trigger a bomb if it was interrupted.
Richard Anselmi of the Arapahoe County Sheriff's Department said he saw what turned out to be a laser-sighting device on a handgun resting atop Holmes' car outside the movie theater where he's accused of killing 12 and injuring 70 others last summer.
"I ran," he said with a chuckle as he recounted his reaction during a pre-trial hearing over evidence seized from the car. "I ran back to the perimeter."
No explosives were found inside Holmes' white Hyundai hatchback.
The commander's testimony appeared to bolster prosecutors' claims that authorities didn't have time to ask for a search warrant before looking in the car. Police have testified that Holmes told them he had bombs in his apartment, and they feared there might also be explosives in his car.
Holmes' lawyers want the judge to throw out evidence found in the car during searches by the bomb squad and by other officers. The defense maintains police didn't get search warrants first, and when they did get warrants, they were overbroad.
Officers testified that the items they found in the car included an iPhone, a handgun, an empty rifle case, gloves, a ski mask, live ammunition, ammunition magazines for firearms and a gasoline can.
Attorneys did not ask the officers to elaborate on the items, and it wasn't clear whether any gas was in the gas can.
Prosecutors say authorities couldn't wait for a warrant because of the possible threat to public safety. They also defend the warrants police eventually got as valid.
Defense lawyers' objection to the searches appears to be part of a broad attempt to weaken the prosecution's case whenever possible.
Holmes has pleaded not guilty by reason of insanity.
His lawyers have acknowledged he was the shooter but say he was in the grip of a psychotic episode. The trial, scheduled to start in February, is expected to turn on whether Holmes was legally insane -- unable to tell right from wrong --at the time of the shootings.


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Our Commitment to Inclusion:
The Y is made up of people of all ages and from every walk of life working side by side to strengthen communities. Together we work to ensure that everyone, regardless of ability, age, cultural background, ethnicity, faith, gender, gender identity, ideology, income, national origin, race or sexual orientation, has the opportunity to reach their full potential with dignity. Our core values are caring, honesty, respect and responsibility—they guide everything we do.
For All
For all is a simple but powerful phrase. Without it, the Y mission is incomplete. Our commitment to inclusion creates better communities, a better country and a better world.
We know that the key to effectively empowering young people to reach their full potential, improving individual and community well-being, and inspiring action in our communities is a passionate, experienced and diverse array of staff, volunteers and members who value what everyone brings to the table. Working in 10,000 U.S. communities and more than 120 countries worldwide makes strong diversity and inclusion practices paramount for the Y.
This means:
- Recognizing that a diverse and inclusive organization is foundational to developing and engaging everyone across the entire Y spectrum. Our volunteers, members, program participants, families, leaders, staff, vendors, suppliers, donors, collaborators and the community at large all contribute to our efforts to make positive, lasting personal and social change.
- Believing we all benefit from the unique talents of our diverse staff. We encourage our 20,000+ Y staff to participate in our six national Employee Resource Groups, which offer opportunities to contribute, learn, network and share experiences as they progress in their careers.
- Having a supplier diversity program that seeks out talented minority and women-owned contractors and service providers.
- Offering Y staff and volunteers professional development and training programs that build key competencies to welcome, engage, serve and advocate for all segments of society.
We are passionate about strengthening communities and know that our ability to achieve it begins with reflecting and partnering with people from all walks of life.


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In short, there is a problem with the link you just clicked in an email sent to you via Oracle Dyn Email Delivery. It also could be that the link was erroneously taken from an Oracle Dyn sent email and posted on a website or even in a phishing email.
There are a number of possible reasons links can be rendered invalid:
We would suggest visiting the sender's website to navigate to your intended destination or contact the sender so they can look into the issue.
We apologize for any inconvenience.


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71 S.Ct. 149
95 L.Ed. 146
No. 110.
Argued Nov. 10, 1950.
Decided Dec. 4, 1950.
Mr. Morris Morgenstern, Cleveland, Ohio, for petitioner.
Mr. John F. Davis, Washington, D.C., for respondent.
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS delivered the opinion of the Court.
This is a petition for a writ of habeas corpus filed in the District Court on behalf of petitioner challenging the legality of his detention by respondent. Respondent holds Gusik pursuant to a court-martial judgment convicting him of murder while he was stationed in Italy as a member of the United States Army. After conviction by the court-martial petitioner exhausted all his remedies for reversal or modification of the judgment of conviction which then existed under the Articles of War, 10 U.S.C.A. § 1471 et seq. When he secured no relief from the military authorities he filed this petition in which he challenges the jurisdiction of the court-martial both under the Articles of War and the Constitution. The District Court, after a hearing, sustained the writ and released Gusik on bond. It found that the court-martial did not have jurisdiction, because no thorough and impartial pretrial investigation was conducted in compliance with Article 70 of the Articles of War, 10 U.S.C.A. § 1542, because the Trial Judge Advocate failed to call material witnesses, and because Gusik was denied the effective assistance of counsel. The Court of Appeals reversed, 180 F.2d 662. It did not reach the merits of the case; it held that there was an administrative remedy which petitioner had not exhausted and that the petition must be dismissed without prejudice to the filing of a new petition after resort to the additional administrative remedy had been made.
The new remedy is Article 53 of the Articles of War, 62 Stat. 639, 10 U.S.C. (Supp. III) § 1525, 10 U.S.C.A. § 1525.1 It gives the Judge Advocate General discretion, inter alia, to grant a new trial in any court-martial case. Time limitations are specified; and 'with regard to cases involving offenses committed during World War II, the application for a new trial may be made within one year after termination of the war, or after its final disposition upon initial appellate review as herein provided, whichever is the later'. Petitioner argues that Article 53 is not applicable to World War II court-martial cases in which appellate review was completed prior to the effective date of the Article or in which habeas corpus proceedings had been instituted prior to that date. That construction of the Act would require extensive tailoring of the language of Article 53, since the new Article explicitly applies to 'cases involving offenses committed during World War II' without reference to the stage in which the cases may be on the effective date of the Article. Our conclusion is in harmony with the construction which the President, who is authorized to provide the regulations under Article 53, gave to the statutory language in Executive Order 10020 which promulgated the Manual for Courts-martial.2 That Order states that the new Manual shall be in force and effect on and after February 1, 1949 'with respect to all court-martial processes taken on or after February 1, 1949.' A petition for a new trial under Article 53 is such a process.
If Article 53 had been in force when the habeas corpus proceedings were instituted, the District Court would not have been justified in entertaining the petition unless the remedy afforded by the Article had first been exhausted. An analogy is a petition for habeas corpus in the federal court challenging the jurisdiction of a state court. If the state procedure provides a remedy, which though available has not been exhausted, the federal courts will not interfere. That is not only the holding of the Court in a long line of cases, see Mooney v. Holohan, 294 U.S. 103, 115, 55 S.Ct. 340, 343, 79 L.Ed. 791; Ex parte Hawk, 321 U.S. 114, 116, 64 S.Ct. 448, 449, 88 L.Ed. 572; it is the rule which Congress recently wrote into the Judicial Code. 28 U.S.C. § 2254, 28 U.S.C.A. § 2254. The policy underlying that rule is as pertinent to the collateral attack of military judgments as it is to collateral attack of judgments rendered in state courts. If an available procedure has not been employed to rectify the alleged error which the federal court is asked to correct, any interference by the federal court may be wholly needless. The procedure established to police the errors of the tribunal whose judgment is challenged may be adequate for the occasion. If it is, any friction between the federal court and the military or state tribunal is saved. That policy is as well served whether the remedy which is available was existent at the time resort was had to the federal courts or was subsequently created, as indeed is implicit in cases from a state court whose review we denied pending exhaustion of a newly created state remedy. See Walker v. Ragen, 338 U.S. 833, 70 S.Ct. 37; Marks v. Ragen, 339 U.S. 926, 70 S.Ct. 613. Such a principle of judicial administration is is no sense a suspension of the writ of habeas corpus. It is merely a deferment of resort to the writ until other corrective procedures are shown to be futile.
An argument is woven around the finality clause of Article 53 as a foundation to a claim of unconstitutionality. The provision is that all action by the Judge Advocate General under Article 53 shall be 'final and conclusive' and shall be 'binding upon all departments, courts, agencies, and officers of the United States.' It is argued that this clause deprives the courts of jurisdiction to review these military judgments and therefore amounts to a suspension of the writ. We do not so read Article 53. Congress was legislating as respects tribunals over which the civil courts have traditionally exercised no power of supervision or review. See In re Grimley, 137 U.S. 147, 150, 11 S.Ct. 54, 34 L.Ed. 636. These tribunals have operated in a self-sufficient system, save only as habeas corpus was available to test their jurisdiction in specific cases. We read the finality clause of Article 53 as doing no more than describing the terminal point for proceedings within the court-martial system. If Congress had intended to deprive the civil courts of their habeas corpus jurisdiction, which has been exercised from the beginning,3 the break with history would have been so marked that we believe the purpose would have been made plain and unmistakable. The finality language so adequately serves the more restricted purpose that we would have to give a strained construction in order to stir the constitutional issue that is tendered.
Petitioner says that resort to Article 53 will be futile. If it proves to be, no rights have been sacrificed. Habeas corpus will then be available to test any questions of jurisdiction which petitioner may offer.
Trial of the case in the District Court had ended before the effective date of Article 53 and the question of the exhaustion of the new remedy which the Article affords was not raised until the case was in the Court of Appeals.4 We conclude that in the interests of justice the Court of Appeals, instead of reversing the District Court and ordering the petition to be dismissed, should have done what the Court of Appeals in Whelchel v. McDonald, 340 U.S. 122, 71 S.Ct. 146, did under like circumstances and held the case pending resort to the new remedy under Article 53. If relief is obtained from the Judge Advocate General, the case will then be remanded for dismissal. If the relief is not obtained under Article 53, petitioner will not be put to the time and expense of trying anew the case which he tried when he had no relief other than habeas corpus.
We agree with the Court of Appeals on the main issue tendered under Article 53. But since we think a different disposition of the case should be made pending resort to the new remedy which Article 53 affords, we reverse the judgment below and remand the cause to the Court of Appeals for further proceedings in conformity with this opinion. So ordered.
Reversed and remanded with directions.
Article 53 reads as follows:
'Under such regulations as the President may prescribe, the Judge Advocate General is authorized, upon application of an accused person, and upon good cause shown, in his discretion to grant a new trial, or to vacate a sentence, restore rights, privileges, and property affected by such sentence, and substitute for a dismissal, dishonorable discharge, or bad conduct discharge previously executed a form of discharge authorized for administrative issuance, in any court-martial case in which application is made within one year after final disposition of the case upon initial appellate review: Provided, That with regard to cases involving offenses committed during World War II, the application for a new trial may be made within one year after termination of the war, or after its final disposition upon initial appellate review as herein provided, whichever is the later: Provided, That only one such application for a new trial may be entertained with regard to any one case: And provided further, That all action by the Judge Advocate General pursuant to this article, and all proceedings, findings, and sentences on new trials under this article, as approved, reviewed, or confirmed under articles 47, 48, 49, and 50, and all dismissals and discharges carried into execution pursuant to sentences adjudged on new trials and approved, reviewed, or confirmed, shall be final and conclusive and orders publishing the action of the Judge Advocate General or the proceedings on new trial and all action taken pursuant to such proceedings, shall be binding upon all departments, courts, agencies, and officers of the United States.'
13 Fed.Reg. 7519. And see ch. 22 Manual for Courts-Martial, id. at 7550.
Collateral attack of a judgment of a court-martial was early entertained. Wise v. Withers, 3 Cranch 331, 2 L.Ed. 457 was an action in trespass against one who justified the taking as collector of a fine imposed by a court- martial. The Court, speaking through Marshall, C.J., held that since the court-martial acted without its jurisdiction the court and the officers were trespassers. And see Houston v. Moore, 5 Wheat. 1, 5 L.Ed. 19 (trespass); Martin v. Mott, 12 Wheat. 19, 6 L.Ed. 537 (replevin); Dynes v. Hoover, 20 How. 65, 15 L.Ed. 838 (assault, battery, and false imprisonment). Ex parte Reed, 100 U.S. 13, 25 L.Ed. 538, allowed habeas corpus to test the jurisdiction of a court-martial.
The petition for habeas corpus was filed April 27, 1948; the return was filed June 17, 1948; the parties finished introducing evidence on January 7, 1949; Article 53 became effective February 1, 1949; the District Court filed its opinion on March 31, 1949; notice of appeal was filed May 17, 1949; the case was argued in the Court of Appeals on January 31, 1950.


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Higher Taxes are Coming. Head for Your Bunkers.
In the calming environment of the Big Mogambo Big Is Better Bunker (BMBIBB), I can finally relax by sitting, armed to the teeth, amongst my puny trove of gold, silver and oil, idly trying to say, "Big Mogambo Big Is Better Bunker" five times quickly until my seething, vaguely homicidal rage at the Federal Reserve and the socialist/fascist/ communists in the White House and Congress that have destroyed us all.
Still, I can find no respite from the paralyzing fear of economic catastrophe as I wait for a huge avalanche of people, who are sitting on unrealized profits of any kind, to sell the profitable asset, realize the profit, and willingly pay the tax on the gains.
I see the quizzical look on your face, as you wonder, "What in the hell are you talking about, Lunatic Mogambo Weirdo (LMW)? Does this have anything to do with tacos, pizza, Chinese food or making money without working, or does it really have something to do with taxes, which you are far too stupid to understand, so who's fooling who here?"
Well, if there is such a thing as the hypothetical "rational economic man," then this "sell everything!" scenario is exactly what will happen because taxes of all kinds, including the all-important income taxes and capital gains taxes, are going to all go up by – hold onto your hats! – almost a third or more next year!
Right now, the marginal income tax rates are 10%, 15%, 25%, 28%, 33% and 35%, which is the range of six different tax rates for the few people that make enough money to actually pay any federal income taxes, which seems like such a quaint anachronism these days because more people receive money from the government than people who pay the government, which explains why the budget deficit this year – alone! – is $1.4 trillion or so, and when including the inevitable supplemental appropriations throughout the year, will surely be near staggering $2 trillion, bringing total federal government spending to almost $5 trillion, whereas all the business and personal income taxes collected for the whole year is less than $1.5 trillion!
And yet, with that kind of staggering imbalance, there are 6 income tax brackets! Hahaha! 6 brackets! Hahahaha! Income taxes are now just chump change for the government, for one thing, and yet it has to be complicated, too? Thanks, Congress, you corrupt morons! Hahaha!
According to the Tax Foundation, "All taxpayers" paid a total of just over a $1.1 trillion in 2009, and thanks to the taxpolicycenter.com, I see that corporate taxes were a mere $250 billion pittance in comparison.
The surprising and alarming thing is the amazing, cancerous growth of payroll taxes over the years, which now collects almost as much tax as individual income taxes! Hahahaha!
Pardon my laughing at the sheer stupidity that creeps into government, and the sheer stupidity of the people who elect the stupid representatives in the stupid government that stupidly create such sheer tax stupidity, but this is not real laughing, like when you are laughing at a funny joke.
For example, notice how you can't help but laugh at this joke: "How many mainstream economists who agree with the neo-Keynesian econometric theoretical underpinnings of the Federal Reserve does it take to change a light bulb?"
Answer: "None, because they are too stupid to realize that the light has actually burned out, and they think that by merely lowering interest rates and creating more money, they can raise the 'animal spirits' of the light bulb to light again, and again and again, as many times as needed, and everything will then be fine from then on, as many times as needed, but in the meantime they are all stumbling around in the dark trying to make the light bulb incandesce again trying various magic tricks, like just throwing money out into the darkness." Hahaha! See? It's funny!
Now that is real laughter! On the other hand, my laugh is a kind of nervous titter, accompanied by shifty eyes narrowing to slits and by my shaking hands furtively inching towards bulging shoulder holsters, all of these behaviors being indicators that I am So Freaking Scared (SFS) that I want to start blasting a path to the safety of the Mogambo Bunker For Scaredy Cats (MBFSC) so that I could lock myself in, safely away in a panicked shoot-first-and-ask-questions-later defense from the calamitous destruction that always ultimately befalls an economy that is so stupid, so unbelievably stupid, so tragically stupid, as to construct an entire economy around the belief that there is such a thing as a "free lunch for everyone" through government deficit-spending, despite racking up a national debt ($13.3 trillion) that is almost 95% of GDP ($14 trillion) to pay for the "free lunch" so far! Gaaahhh!
Fortunately, this is not about how I am such a sniveling coward, but about how the current tax regime is scheduled to expire at the end of this year, and then the tax rates automatically go back to five brackets of 15%, 28%, 31%, 36% and 39.6%, unless Congress "does something."
And unless the government "does something", then selling assets to realize a profit before the end of the year means paying a third less taxes than if you sold next year! Big savings!
Alas, most of us realize at this point that the government will "do something," by which I mean "borrow and spend money," and things will get worse, and inflation will surge as the filthy Federal Reserve "does something" by creating staggering amounts of money to accomplish it.
And if you want something to do, too, then buy gold, silver and oil, because such fiscal and monetary stupidity makes the decision to buy them so easy that you positively giggle with childish delight, "Whee! This investing stuff is easy!"