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This year marks the 50th anniversary of Algeria's independence from France. Freedom was won through war, one that saw terrible atrocities committed by both sides.
Despite that history, relations today between the nations have largely normalized. France is Algeria's largest trading partner. Hundreds of thousands of Algerians live in France.
But the Harkis, a term used to describe the Algerians who fought on the French side during the war, have struggled to find reconciliation.
Serge Karel, who started life with an Arabic name, is one of many Harki who's struggled to come to terms with the past. He joined the French army in 1957.
"I enlisted, becoming a Harki, because my father had fought for the French in World War I," Karel said. "Both my brothers fought for France in Indochina. For me, serving France was the obvious thing to do. It was impossible to consider joining the other side."
Karel was one of some 250,000 Harki who defended colonial France from Algerian independence fighters. When France was driven out in 1962, Karel expected to retreat to Europe with his French comrades.
"But our commanders gathered us all together, took away our weapons, and just wished us good luck, Karel said. " I thought they were joking."
They weren't. The French army, under the government of Charles de Gaulle, left tens of thousands of Harkis behind. The victorious Algerians began to slaughter them and their families. Karel was caught within days and imprisoned.
"Each morning my captors paraded me before the townsfolk who would beat me, spit on me and throw rocks at me," he said. "I was tortured all over my body. They cut slivers off my tongue with wire cutters. My mouth became so infected I couldn't eat."
Karel eventually managed to escape to France. He was expecting a hero's welcome. Instead, they stuck him in an internment camp.
"It wasn't Guantanamo, but it was similar," he said. "It was the shame of France, sticking entire families behind barbed wired like that. It was shameful."
Like all the Harkis, Karel was eventually released. He went on to rebuild his life, finding work, starting a family. But he said France has never treated the Harkis well.
Now 75, Karel says he understands some Algerians consider him a traitor. But he can't understand how the French look down on him — sometimes in humiliating and very public ways.
In 2006, a French politician named George Freche called the Harkis subhuman.
"The French Army massacred your people in Algeria during the colonial period," he said during a confrontation in Montpelier, "And yet you still licked the Frenchman's boots."
Some 90,000 Harkis managed to reach France after the war. They're still waiting for an official apology from Paris, said Fatima Besnasi, daughter of a Harki, and head of a national Harki association.
"France is probably still ashamed, but I want that shame to be publicly stated," she said. "Above all, I want a French president to declare that France recognizes its responsibility for abandoning the Harkis in 1962, and how that led to the massacres in Algeria. France must also assume responsibility for interning our parents in camps."
Movement towards accepting responsibility has been slow. In 2001, then-President Jacques Chirac said France hadn't known how to protect its own children, a reference to the Harkis.
In 2012, former President Nicolas Sarkozy said France "should have protected the Harkis from history."
France's new president, Francois Hollande, has said he will make a direct apology.
The Harkis are waiting.
But while French officials drag their feet, there are signs French society in general has come to accept France's role in the Harki tragedy.
The French Army has also stepped forward. At the Army Museum in Paris there is now an exhibit on the military's 130-year presence in Algeria. In it, the army recognizes its widespread use of torture during the Algerian war. There is even a section, albeit small, on the Harkis themselves.
The museum's Emannuel Ronvoisy said 30 years ago such an exhibit would have been unthinkable. But he said times are changing, and this was just the beginning of a new openness about the French colonial period.
This year there has also been a number of books, articles and documentaries on the subject. Benjamin Stora, a historian, said he thinks the Harkis have been given their rightful place in history, even if the government hasn't officially apologized.
Stora said the Harkis have their own National Day on Sept. 25 and have monuments in their name.
"We now have more French films about the war in Algeria than you Americans have about Vietnam," he said.
But he added that it was not enough.
For Karel, turning the page hinges on what France's president says, or doesn't say. The state must speak up, he said, since it was the state that abandoned him.
"My life is good now," he said, "But I haven't forgotten anything. President Hollande, he has made the promise. But he must act on it as soon as possible because we Harki are all dying off."
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Sean Collier had many loves in life, from hiking to police work, the Patriots to country music. And, as friends attest, he was fond of a good beer.
That is why, nearly a month after the MIT police officer's tragic death, allegedly at the hands of the Boston Marathon bombers, news that Cambridge Brewing Company in Kendall Square is creating a beer in Collier's honor — "Collier Stout" — is giving those who loved him reason to smile.
"I think Sean would be beside himself if he knew a beer was being named after him," said Travis Dixon, who graduated with Collier from the police academy and roomed with him for the past three years.
Phil Bannatyne, Cambridge Brewing Company's longtime owner, said he expects the first batch of Collier Stout, which will be a dry Irish stout, to be brewed by the end of May. After a quick fermentation, the first pints should be ready for drinking around mid-June.
The beer will cost $5.50, with Cambridge Brewing Company donating $1 from each sale to the Jimmy Fund, which has established a memorial fund in Collier's honor.
Chris Vossmer, an Arlington native now living in Colorado Springs, was the first to suggest the idea. Sitting in the tasting room of his favorite microbrewery, Rocky Mountain Brewery, he and his friends were discussing April's tragic events when a rich, dark beer was put in his hands.
"I had spent 24 years of my life dedicated to military service and protecting our rights and freedoms, and to have terrorists hit my hometown, it still bothers me," said Vossmer, a retired Air Force first sergeant. "I took a drink, and said this would be something that would be fitting [as a remembrance].
"My friends at the bar said, 'Why don't we brew one?' Within a couple of minutes we were able to come up with the name. Sean was a big, strong, stout kid."
That stout also means "brave" makes the name resonate that much more, he said.
Vossmer's sister, Cheryl, a sergeant in MIT's Police Department who knew Collier well, quickly embraced the idea. While she approached Cambridge Brewing Company, another MIT police sergeant, Richard Sullivan, said he received the endorsement of Collier's family.
Rocky Mountain Brewery and Cambridge Brewing Company will each put out a version of Collier Stout sometime in June, with each brewer using a past recipe for expediency. The MIT Hobby Shop will be providing wooden "Collier Stout" beer taps, featuring a night watchman's stick and a police badge.
Plans call for each brewer to produce a limited run, which in Cambridge's case means about 2,000 pints, Bannatyne said.
Tim Croke, Collier's other roommate and a fellow law enforcement officer, promised to be first in the line.
"The memorial service at MIT was the dream send-off that he would have wanted. Now having a beer named after him — it's so fitting," Croke said. "I can't wait for this to come out so Travis and I can raise a toast to him — one last cheer."
Peter DeMarco can be reached at email@example.com.

subset: commoncrawl


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'The Dictator' Embarasses Ryan Seacrest On The Oscars' Red Carpet
Sacha Baron Cohen is known for his outlandish, silly, and often times mischievous characters including Borat. His latest mock-u-mentary is called, 'Dictator' and I'm sure will include a lot of off color humor and innocent people being made to feel uncomfortable. I'm not claiming Ryan Seacrest is just an innocent bystander in this clip from Sunday's Oscars, but I kinda feel sorry for him.


text: by Todd Moss , Sarah Jane Staats and Julia Barmeier September 23, 2011 This brief on the General Capital Increase is one of a suite of policy briefs that provides basic background information and practical analysis of the financial and governance issues facing the international financial institutions.The International Financial Institutions dramatically increased their lending in 2008-09 to help developing countries cope with the global financial crisis and support economic recovery. Today, these organizations are seeking billions of dollars in new funding.The IMF, which only a few years ago was losing clients and shedding staff, expanded by $750 billion in 2009. The World Bank and the four regional development banks for Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America have asked to increase their capital base by 30 to 200 percent. A general capital increase (GCI) for these development banks is an unusual request. A simultaneous GCI request is a once-in-a-generation occurrence. This brief unpacks the GCI, who pays into it, how much, and why we should care. Rights & Permissions You may use and disseminate CGD's publications under these conditions. Topics International Institutions International Monetary Fund World Bank


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Measles Clinical Features
See images of 3 children with measles infection in this 3-minute video.
For Healthcare Professionals
On this Page
- Clinical Features
- The Virus
- Background
- Complications
- People at High Risk for Complications
- Transmission
- Diagnosis and Laboratory Testing
- Evidence of Immunity
- Vaccination
- Post-exposure Prophylaxis
- Isolation
- Treatment
- Photos
The United States is currently experiencing a large, multi-state outbreak of measles linked to an amusement park in California. The outbreak started in December 2014 and has spread to at least half a dozen other states. CDC urges healthcare professionals to consider measles when evaluating patients with febrile rash and ask about a patient's vaccine status, recent travel history, and contact with individuals who have febrile rash illness.
Clinical Features
Measles is an acute viral respiratory illness. It is characterized by a prodrome of fever (as high as 105°F) and malaise, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis -the three "C"s -, a pathognomonic enanthema (Koplik spots) followed by a maculopapular rash. The rash usually appears about 14 days after a person is exposed; however, the incubation period ranges from 7 to 21 days. The rash spreads from the head to the trunk to the lower extremities. Patients are considered to be contagious from 4 days before to 4 days after the rash appears. Of note, sometimes immunocompromised patients do not develop the rash.
CDC's Dr. Jane Seward describes measles clinical features and what to do if a healthcare provider suspects measles, in this 5-minute video.
The Virus
Measles is caused by a single-stranded, enveloped RNA virus with 1 serotype. It is classified as a member of the genus Morbillivirus in the Paramyxoviridae family. Humans are the only natural hosts of measles virus.
In the decade before the live measles vaccine was licensed in 1963, an average of 549,000 measles cases and 495 measles deaths were reported annually in the United States. However, it is likely that, on average, 3 to 4 million people were infected with measles annually; most cases were not reported. Of the reported cases, approximately 48,000 people were hospitalized from measles and 1,000 people developed chronic disability from acute encephalitis caused by measles annually.
Advice for Travelers
Check that your patients 6 months of age or older who will be traveling internationally are protected against measles.
- Travel Notice: Watch (Level 1):Measles in the Philippines
In 2000, measles was declared eliminated from the United States. Elimination is defined as the absence of endemic measles virus transmission in a defined geographic area, such as a region or country, for 12 months or longer in the presence of a well-performing surveillance system. However measles cases and outbreaks still occur every year in the United States because measles is still commonly transmitted in many parts of the world, including countries in Europe, Asia, the Pacific, and Africa. An estimated 20 million people become infected with measles worldwide each year, of whom 146,000 die.
Since 2000, when measles was declared eliminated from the U.S., the annual number of cases has ranged from a low of 37 in 2004 to a high of 644 in 2014. The majority of cases have been among people who are not vaccinated against measles. Measles cases in the United States occur as a result of importations by people who were infected while in other countries and from transmission that may occur from those importations. Measles is more likely to spread and cause outbreaks in U.S. communities where groups of people are unvaccinated.
Outbreaks in countries to which Americans often travel can directly contribute to an increase in measles cases in the United States. In recent years, measles importations have come from frequently visited countries, including, but not limited to, England, France, Germany, India, and the Philippines, where large outbreaks were reported.
Top of PageComplications
Common complications from measles include otitis media, bronchopneumonia, laryngotracheobronchitis, and diarrhea.
Even in previously healthy children, measles can cause serious illness requiring hospitalization.
- One out of every 1,000 measles cases will develop acute encephalitis, which often results in permanent brain damage.
- One or two out of every 1,000 children who become infected with measles will die from respiratory and neurologic complications.
- Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare, but fatal degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by behavioral and intellectual deterioration and seizures that generally develop 7 to 10 years after measles infection.
People at High Risk for Complications
People at high risk for severe illness and complications from measles include:
- Infants and children aged <5 li="" years="">
- Adults aged >20 years
- Pregnant women
- People with compromised immune systems, such as from leukemia and HIV infection 5>
Measles is one of the most contagious of all infectious diseases; approximately 9 out of 10 susceptible persons with close contact to a measles patient will develop measles. The virus is transmitted by direct contact with infectious droplets or by airborne spread when an infected person breathes, coughs, or sneezes. Measles virus can remain infectious on surfaces and in the air for up to two hours after an infected person leaves an area.
Diagnosis and Laboratory Testing
Healthcare providers should consider measles in patients presenting with febrile rash illness and clinically compatible measles symptoms, especially if the person recently traveled internationally or was exposed to a person with febrile rash illness. Healthcare providers should report suspected measles cases to their local health department within 24 hours.
Laboratory confirmation is essential for all sporadic measles cases and all outbreaks. Detection of measles-specific IgM antibody and measles RNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) are the most common methods for confirming measles infection. Healthcare providers should obtain both a serum sample and a throat swab (or nasopharyngeal swab) from patients suspected to have measles at first contact with them. Urine samples may also contain virus, and when feasible to do so, collecting both respiratory and urine samples can increase the likelihood of detecting measles virus. For more information, see Measles Lab Tools.
Top of PageEvidence of Immunity
Acceptable presumptive evidence of immunity against measles includes at least one of the following:
- written documentation of adequate vaccination:
- one or more doses of a measles-containing vaccine administered on or after the first birthday for preschool-age children and adults not at high risk
- two doses of measles-containing vaccine for school-age children and adults at high risk, including college students, healthcare personnel, and international travelers
- laboratory evidence of immunity
- laboratory confirmation of measles
- birth in the United States before 1957
Healthcare providers should not accept verbal reports of vaccination without written documentation as presumptive evidence of immunity. For additional details about evidence of immunity criteria, see Table 3 in Prevention of Measles, Rubella, Congenital Rubella Syndrome, and Mumps, 2013: Summary Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).
Measles can be prevented with measles-containing vaccine, which is primarily administered as the combination measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. The combination measles-mumps-rubella-varicella (MMRV) vaccine can be used for children aged 12 months through 12 years for protection against measles, mumps, rubella and varicella. Single-antigen measles vaccine is not available.
One dose of MMR vaccine is approximately 93% effective at preventing measles; two doses are approximately 97% effective. Almost everyone who does not respond to the measles component of the first dose of MMR vaccine at age 12 months or older will respond to the second dose. Therefore, the second dose of MMR is administered to address primary vaccine failure [1]
Vaccine Recommendations
CDC recommends routine childhood immunization for MMR vaccine starting with the first dose at 12 through 15 months of age, and the second dose at 4 through 6 years of age or at least 28 days following the first dose.
Students at post-high school educational institutions
Students at post-high school educational institutions without evidence of measles immunity need two doses of MMR vaccine, with the second dose administered no earlier than 28 days after the first dose.
People who are born during or after 1957 who do not have evidence of immunity against measles should get at least one dose of MMR vaccine.
International travelers
People 6 months of age or older who will be traveling internationally should be protected against measles. Before travelling internationally,
- Infants 6 through 11 months of age should receive one dose of MMR vaccine
- Children 12 months of age or older should have documentation of two doses of MMR vaccine (the first dose of MMR vaccine should be administered at age 12 months or older; the second dose no earlier than 28 days after the first dose)
- Teenagers and adults born during or after 1957 without evidence of immunity against measles should have documentation of two doses of MMR vaccine, with the second dose administered no earlier than 28 days after the first dose
Healthcare personnel
Healthcare personnel should have documented evidence of immunity against measles, according to the recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices[48 pages].
For more information, see measles vaccination recommendation.
- CDC. Prevention of Measles, Rubella, Congenital Rubella Syndrome, and Mumps, 2013: Summary Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 2013;62(RR04);1-34.
Post-exposure Prophylaxis
People exposed to measles who cannot readily show that they have evidence of immunity against measles should be offered post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) or be excluded from the setting (school, hospital, childcare). MMR vaccine, if administered within 72 hours of initial measles exposure, or immunoglobulin (IG), if administered within six days of exposure, may provide some protection or modify the clinical course of disease.
MMR vaccine as post-exposure prophylaxis
If MMR vaccine is not administered within 72 hours of exposure as PEP, MMR vaccine should still be offered at any interval following exposure to the disease in order to offer protection from future exposures. People who receive MMR vaccine or IG as PEP should be monitored for signs and symptoms consistent with measles for at least one incubation period.
If many measles cases are occurring among infants younger than 12 months of age, measles vaccination of infants as young as 6 months of age may be used as an outbreak control measure. Note that children vaccinated before their first birthday should be revaccinated when they are 12 through 15 months old and again when they are 4 through 6 years of age.
Except in healthcare settings, unvaccinated people who receive their first dose of MMR vaccine within 72 hours after exposure may return to childcare, school, or work.
Immunoglobulin (IG) as post-exposure prophylaxis
People who are at risk for severe illness and complications from measles, such as infants younger than 12 months of age, pregnant women without evidence of measles immunity, and people with severely compromised immune systems, should receive IG. Intramuscular IG (IGIM) should be given to all infants younger than 12 months of age who have been exposed to measles. For infants aged 6 through 11 months, MMR vaccine can be given in place of IG, if administered within 72 hours of exposure. Because pregnant women might be at higher risk for severe measles and complications, intravenous IG (IGIV) should be administered to pregnant women without evidence of measles immunity who have been exposed to measles. People with severely compromised immune systems who are exposed to measles should receive IGIV regardless of immunologic or vaccination status because they might not be protected by MMR vaccine.
IG should not be used to control measles outbreaks, but rather to reduce the risk for infection and complications in the people receiving it. IGIM can be given to other people who do not have evidence of immunity against measles, but priority should be given to people exposed in settings with intense, prolonged, close contact, such as a household, daycare, or classroom where the risk of transmission is highest.
After receipt of IG, people cannot return to healthcare settings. In other settings, such as childcare, school, or work, factors such as immune status, intense or prolonged contact, and presence of populations at risk, should be taken into consideration before allowing people to return. These factors may decrease the effectiveness of IG or increase the risk of disease and complications depending on the setting to which they are returning.
The recommended dose of IGIM is 0.5 mL/kg of body weight (maximum dose = 15 mL) and the recommended dose of IGIV is 400 mg/kg.
Post-exposure prophylaxis for healthcare personnel
If a healthcare provider without evidence of immunity is exposed to measles, MMR vaccine should be given within 72 hours, or IG should be given within 6 days when available. Exclude healthcare personnel without evidence of immunity from duty from day 5 after first exposure to day 21 after last exposure, regardless of post-exposure vaccine. [2]
- Siegel JD, Rhinehart E, Jackson M, Chiarello L, and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee, 2007 Guidelines for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Healthcare Settings.
Infected people should be isolated for four days after they develop a rash. Healthcare providers should follow respiratory etiquette and airborne precautions in healthcare settings. Regardless of presumptive immunity status, all healthcare staff entering the room should use respiratory protection consistent with airborne infection control precautions (use of an N95 respirator or a respirator with similar effectiveness in preventing airborne transmission). Because of the possibility, albeit low, of MMR vaccine failure in healthcare providers exposed to infected patients, they should all observe airborne precautions in caring for patients with measles. The preferred placement for patients who require airborne precautions is in a single-patient airborne infection isolation room (AIIR).
People without evidence of immunity who have been exempted from measles vaccination for medical, religious, or other reasons and who do not receive appropriate PEP within the appropriate timeframe should be excluded from affected institutions in the outbreak area until 21 days after the onset of rash in the last case of measles.
There is no specific antiviral therapy for measles. Medical care is supportive and to help relieve symptoms and address complications such as bacterial infections.


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Atmospher Sci & Global Chg
Staff Awards & Honors
August 2013
Alex Guenther, International Leader in Atmospheric and Ecosystem Research, Joins PNNL
Dr. Alex B. Guenther, a renowned scientist in land ecosystem and atmospheric research, has joined the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory to lead research in the interactions between terrestrial systems and climate. Guenther is a world-leading expert on the processes controlling chemical emissions from plants and how these emissions affect air quality and regional and global climate. His leadership of more than 40 field studies across the globe, expertise in both advanced measurement techniques and numerical modeling, and extensive publication record attest to Guenther's standing as an international scientific authority.
Guenther gained prominence through his systematic advancement of groundbreaking measurements and modeling of biogenic emissions, which led to his development of the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature, or MEGAN. His emissions estimates are part of most Earth system models (ESMs) used by researchers today. In addition to its wide use in research, MEGAN is also an essential tool used by regulatory agencies.
Guenther has received numerous awards and leads several national and international scientific efforts. For example, he currently serves as co-chair of the Integrated Land-Ecosystem Process Study (iLEAPS), a core activity for the International Biosphere Geosphere Programme that focuses on understanding how physical, chemical and biological processes interact to transport and transform energy and matter through the land-atmosphere interface. He has also served as an author in the Third and Fourth Assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, or IPCC, was awarded the 2011 Yoram J. Kaufman Award for Unselfish Cooperation in Research from the American Geophysical Union, and currently serves as an editorial board member of several scientific journals.
At PNNL, Guenther will promote advancements in examining the role of terrestrial ecosystems in climate change. His work will span and further integrate PNNL's extensive measurement capabilities, including the Atmospheric Measurements Laboratory, and the laboratory's diverse programs in atmospheric and climate modeling. Guenther will be appointed as a Laboratory Fellow in the Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division in the Fundamental and Computational Sciences Directorate. He will also serve as the lead scientist for atmospheric aerosol science at EMSL, the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a DOE national scientific user facility located at PNNL. In this role Guenther will direct the science vision for how EMSL advances aerosol science aligned with the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research's mission.
Guenther is a former senior scientist, section head, and group leader for the Biosphere-Atmosphere Interactions Group at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado. He is an adjunct professor at Washington State University. Guenther earned a BS in Biology from the University of Puget Sound, an MS in Environmental Engineering and PhD in Civil and Environmental Engineering from Washington State University.
PNNL is delighted to welcome Dr. Guenther to the Laboratory.


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Last Thursday was such a day for the SP and me here at the Presbytère.
The TV weather forecast mentioned that Storm Doris was already battering the United Kingdom. Normandy is just a skip and a jump across the English Channel from the south coast of England so we weren't surprised that it was cold and very blustery outside.
We needed to run some errands so headed to Bayeux to shop followed by lunch at a Brasserie on the Market square.
We arrived home to find this.
We walked inside the house and it was cold.
The central heating wasn't working.
The damson tree, on the left, 10 years ago.
The plumber who had installed a new pressure control whatchamacallit to the boiler the previous day was called back.
Whilst we waited for him I checked emails only to find my Facebook profile had been hacked and my friends were receiving friend requests from some unknown hacker.
After answering emails I posted a message on FB to let everyone know not to accept any friend requests from me.
The SP lit the wood burning stoves in rooms at opposite ends of the house, between them they did a good job of keeping us warm.
Late afternoon the plumber arrived to take a look at the problem.
The boiler's pump promptly blew a gasket and sprayed very hot water all over the plumber, the SP and everything else in the laundry/store room within spraying distance, including the fuse box and internet router.
The plumber went off promising to order a replacement pump and to come back the next day.
Meanwhile. we mopped and mopped.
Then the electricity went off throughout the house, garage and store rooms but was restored after fuse boxes were checked and appliances unplugged and plugged in again.
Next we lost the internet.
At least we had hot water and log fires.
By this time we were both reeling so, after a light supper, we went to bed.
Still no internet.
Friday dawned with brilliant sunshine and blue skies.
We had the internet and hot water still, what a great start to the day.
A friend had reported the hack of my FB page to Facebook, they investigated and closed the fake page down.
I changed my FB password.
The chainsaw came out and the poor old damson tree was dispatched painlessly.
Logs were cut and stacked.
The plumber arrived in the afternoon and fitted the new pump, heating was restored.
Happy Days.
Here's a house we passed on our walk on Friday,
another fixer-upper for you to consider.
another fixer-upper for you to consider.
Last known occupants - a family of ducks.
Comes with extensive outbuildings, big garden with large pond.
Best feature - this amazing mimosa tree positively flourishing in the courtyard in front of the house.
It's perfume, although delicate, was wonderful.
Acacia Dealbata - a native of Australia
was introduced into France in the 19th century
by wealthy English residents on the Côte d'Azur.
The Magical Mimosa Festivals of the South of France.
Click on the link above to immerse yourself in the
festivals and carnivals of the Côte d'Azur.
The Magical Mimosa Festivals of the South of France.
Click on the link above to immerse yourself in the
festivals and carnivals of the Côte d'Azur.
A different type of Mimosa altogether is a delicious cocktail to be enjoyed at anytime but which goes especially well with brunch.
Equal parts orange juice and champagne the Mimosa cocktail is said to have been invented in 1925 by one Frank Meier a bartender at the Ritz Hotel in Paris.
But did you know that a cocktail called Buck's Fizz was created four years earlier by bartender McGarry at Buck's Club a London gentleman's club still in existence today?
A Buck's Fizz also pairs orange juice and champagne together, combining two parts fizz to one part juice, some variations exchange sparkling wine for the champagne and can include gin or cherry brandy.


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Osram LED Red Brake Light Bulbs P27/7W W2.5x16q 12v 1.7W 3157DRP-02B Twin Pack
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Description | Perfect for a multitude of applications, OSRAM LEDriving PREMIUM SL illuminate vehicle exteriors with high color temperatures of up to 6,000 K. Thanks to their homogeneous light distribution, illumination is non-selective. OSRAM LED signal lamps come with easy plug and play replacement, long life spans, low energy consumption ? and 100% more style. The OSRAM LEDriving PREMIUM SL portfolio provides LED replacement lamps for almost every part of your vehicle: -Front and back indicator light -Brake light and tail light -Parking and marker light -Rear indicator light -Number plate light OSRAM LEDriving PREMIUM SL range offers a great variety of LED lamps as replacement for conventional halogen lamps in various colors for interior and exterior application. The main benefits are: -Latest LED technology for maximum levels of brightness -Up to 6 year guarantee -Easy plug & play replacement -Very bright light with up to 6,000 Kelvin color temperature -Wide range of different light colors for a variety of customization options (Cool White, Wharm White, Blue, Amber and Red) -Shockproof and vibration-proof |
Brand | Osram |
Manufacturer Part Number | 3157DRP-02B |
Bulb Type | LED Upgrade Auxiliary Bulbs |
Headlight Bulb Type | P27/7W |
Bulb Wattage | 1.7W |
Bulb Voltage | 12v |
Bulb Base | W2.5x16q |
Number of Bulbs Supplied | 2 |
Country/Region of Manufacture | Italy |
Road Legal | No! These bulbs are not ECE R37 (E-Marked) Off-Road Use Only |
Packaging | Twin Blister |
Fitting Note | Red Colour for Brake Lights |
Operates | Vehicle Auxiliary |
Further Information | Canbus Compatible |
Placement on Vehicle | Rear Brake Lights |
Technology | LED |
To Fit | Vehicle Auxiliary |
Wedge Bulb Type | Wedge |
Bayonet Bulb Type | does not apply |
Festoon Bulb Type | does not apply |
Warranty and Guarantee | 4 Year Osram Guarantee |
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text:
A meeting between leaders of U.S. Catholic sisters and three U.S. bishops appointed by the Vatican to overhaul the sisters' main representative organization was "open" and "cordial," the group said in a statement Monday afternoon.
Four officers of the Leadership Conference of Women Religious, which represents about 80 percent of women religious in the U.S., met Sunday with Seattle Archbishop J. Peter Sartain; Springfield, Ill., Bishop Thomas Paprocki; and Toledo, Ohio, Bishop Leonard Blair.
Sartain, who met previously with the LCWR board after the group's annual meeting in August, was appointed by the Vatican in April to be the group's "archbishop delegate." Paprocki and Blair were appointed his assistants in the process.
In a formal report announcing the move April 18, known as a "doctrinal assessment," the Vatican's Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith alleged there was a "prevalence of certain radical feminist themes" in LCWR's programs. It gave Sartain authority to revise LCWR's statutes and review its plans and programs.
LCWR leaders have disagreed with the Vatican's portrayal of their group, saying in June it came about from a flawed process and has caused "scandal and pain throughout the church." They have also sought to initiate a process of dialogue on the matter.
Sunday's meeting, the first time LCWR leaders met in person with all three of the overseeing bishops, likely afforded an opportunity for both groups to determine if such dialogue is possible.
While Sartain has been measured in statements regarding his role with LCWR, saying in a June interview with NCR he wants to "build relationships," Paprocki and Blair have been more outspoken.
Blair, who undertook the "doctrinal assessment" that led to LCWR's ordered revision, alleged in a June interview on the NPR show "Fresh Air" that the sisters are "promoting, unilaterally ... a new kind of theology that is not in accordance with the faith of the church."
Monday's statement from LCWR was made jointly by Sartain and Franciscan Sr. Florence Deacon, LCWR's president.
It comes two days after Franciscan Sr. Pat Farrell, the immediate past president of the group, was honored Saturday by the national church reform group Call to Action at their annual meeting for her and LCWR's leadership since the Vatican's April move.
Accepting Call to Action's Leadership Award on Saturday, Farrell thanked the many lay Catholics who expressed support for her group.
Since April, such support for the sisters has been widespread, with vigils being held in cities across the country, supportive editorials written in a number of national news outlets, and even authoring of two congressional resolutions expressing the "deepest appreciation" for the sisters' work.
"Your solidarity with women religious has been overwhelmingly significant for us and for the church," said Farrell at CTA's meeting in Louisville, Ky.
"So please hear in my own expression of gratitude the voices of thousands of women religious all over the country who are very appreciative of your gestures of encouragement: the vigils, the prayers, the letters. You have spoken. You have stood with us. You have affirmed and strengthened us and that has made all the difference."
Sunday's meeting between LCWR and the three bishops took place in Baltimore on the eve of the annual meeting of the U.S. bishops, being held there Monday through Wednesday.
Following is the full statement from LCWR:
Archbishop J. Peter Sartain and LCWR president Sister Florence Deacon, OSF, have issued the following statement:
The three bishop delegates of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF), Archbishop J. Peter Sartain, Bishop Leonard P. Blair, and Bishop Thomas John Paprocki; the presidency of the Leadership Conference of Women Religious (LCWR), Sister Florence Deacon, OSF; Sister Pat Farrell, OSF; and Sister Carol Zinn, SSJ; and LCWR executive director, Sister Janet Mock, CSJ, met Sunday, November 11, for preliminary discussions about the doctrinal assessment of LCWR by the CDF.
The discussion was open and cordial and those present agreed to meet again to continue the conversation.