text:
In a 90-minute question and answer session on the Guardian's website Monday, self-professed NSA leaker Edward Snowden defended his disclosure of highly classified details of secret U.S. surveillance programs. Snowden's answers to 18 questions from readers demonstrated that he is not simply concerned about potential government monitoring of American citizens; he is an extreme skeptic of government surveillance of all sorts. In that sense, Snowden is emerging as an heir to Julian Assange.
The Wikileaks founder Assange, 41, became famous—or infamous—three years ago when his website roiled Washington with the release of thousands of classified State Department cables describing developments, and sometimes secret U.S. action, in foreign countries. Assange, currently seeking asylum in the Ecuadorian embassy in London, defended the document dump on the broad grounds that information should be free and that government spying is assumed to be always wrong.
Snowden's comments today make clear his agenda goes beyond protecting Americans from snooping by their own government. "Suspicionless surveillance does not become okay simply because it's only victimizing 95% of the world instead of 100%," Snowden, 29, wrote Monday, referring to documents he leaked showing that the NSA has spied on foreign leaders and citizens. Snowden has also revealed details of NSA hacking into Chinese computer systems. "Our founders did not write that 'We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all US Persons are created equal.'"
Snowden also clarified one of his most explosive claims—that even a single low-level intelligence analyst could pull up records on any American at a whim, a claim top current and former intelligence officials have strongly denied. Snowden said there was no technical impediment to such an action, merely a policy one. "It's important to understand that policy protection is no protection—policy is a one-way ratchet that only loosens," he said, voicing another tenet of the free-information movement for which he has become an avatar.
Asked about WikiLeaks, Snowden explicitly defended Assange and his group's massive disclosure, allegedly facilitated by Army private Bradley Manning, who is currently being tried on charges that the leaks aided American enemies.
"Wikileaks is a legitimate journalistic outlet and they carefully redacted all of their releases in accordance with a judgment of public interest," Snowden said. Unredacted documents released into the public domain had not been the fault of WikiLeaks, but "was due to the failure of a partner journalist to control a passphrase."
There were other clear echoes of Assange's past remarks in Snowden's responses Monday. Both men suggest that much, if not all, American spying abroad is wrong, including the spying on allies and foreign leaders that perhaps every government has practiced for decades, if not centuries.
"Congress hasn't declared war on the countries – the majority of them are our allies – but without asking for public permission, NSA is running network operations against them that affect millions of innocent people," Snowden said. "[T]he public needs to know the kinds of things a government does in its name, or the "consent of the governed" is meaningless."
Snowden's decision to branch out from simple whistleblower on controversial domestic surveillance programs to being a whistleblower on the entire intelligence community puts him at odds with most Americans, who question the need for the massive domestic surveillance programs but are more than fine with spying on other countries.
Defenders of the government's surveillance programs have seized on his recent revelations of American espionage abroad to undermine Snowden's broader case about the modern surveillance state. Democratic Sen. Dianne Feinstein quickly branded the latest leaks as "an act of treason." White House Chief of Staff Denis McDonough said on CBS Face The Nation that the disclosure "in effect, gives a playbook to those who would like to get around our techniques and our practices." "I think he's a traitor," former Vice President Dick Cheney told Fox News Sunday.
"I think he has committed crimes in effect by violating agreements given the position he had," Cheney added. "I think it's one of the worst occasions in my memory of somebody with access to classified information doing enormous damage to the national security interests of the United States."
Cheney even raised concerns circulating among conservatives in recent days that Snowden might be a Chinese spy. On Monday Snowden called that charge a "predictably smear" and said he's had no contact with the Chinese government. "If I were a Chinese spy, why wouldn't I have flown directly into Beijing? I could be living in a palace petting a phoenix by now," he said.
"Being called a traitor by Dick Cheney is the highest honor you can give an American, and the more panicked talk we hear from people like him, Feinstein, and [Rep. Peter] King, the better off we all are," Snowden added. "If they had taught a class on how to be the kind of citizen Dick Cheney worries about, I would have finished high school."
Snowden didn't offer details about his future plans, though he suggested that he faces grave personal peril. "All I can say right now is the US Government is not going to be able to cover this up by jailing or murdering me," he added. "Truth is coming, and it cannot be stopped."


text:
I'm Celeste Headlee and this is TELL ME MORE from NPR News. Michel Martin is away. Coming up, it's the 20th anniversary of the horrific genocide in Burundi that took thousands of lives. We'll hear from a survivor about how he found healing and forgiveness for his tormentors through running. That's just ahead. But first, off the top of your head, how many black female comic book characters can you name? There's Storm of course from the X-Men. She was my favorite growing up. But other than that, who else?
Well, now a number of self-proclaimed black girl nerds who grew up reading comic books with characters that looked pretty much nothing like them are now joining forces to bring some diversity to so-called geek culture. To talk more about it, we have Grace Gibson with us. She's a contributing blogger for the site Black Girl Nerds, and she was recently featured in a piece for the Huffington Post called "Black, Female and Super Powered." Grace, welcome.
GRACE GIBSON: Thank you. Glad to be here.
HEADLEE: You have written about - that black women haven't really been embraced by nerd or geek culture. How is that different from - I mean, I've heard a lot of complaints from women in general that just haven't been embraced.
GIBSON: Definitely. Well, women in color tend to - we have kind of like a double-edged sword. You know, we're black and then we're women. So we have that battle that we have to deal with on a constant basis, whereas those who are not of color, typically, you know, you can kind of work with that, and it's a lot easier to grasp.
HEADLEE: You went to a GeekGirlCon over the weekend.
GIBSON: I did, yes.
HEADLEE: What's the difference between that and, say, just going to Comic-Con?
GIBSON: So GeekGirlCon is just basically lots of women who are self-proclaimed geeks. So it's more than just talking about comics. Everything is discussed from video games, comic books, just being a geek or nerd within the culture, everything you can think of. There's even science. It's everything besides just comic books, and it's primarily women that are there, which is - typically, if you go to another Comic-Con, we're probably in the minority. So here, we were in the majority.
HEADLEE: Do you get some of the publishers, some of the directors, some of the authors and illustrators? Do you get them there, as well, so you can talk to them rather than just each other?
GIBSON: You do, and it's starting to grow. GreekGirlCon - this is going into, like, the third year, so it's still new. But I think as time goes by, it will get to a level of, like, a Comic-Con in San Diego or the New York Comic-Con that just happened, as well. So right now, it's kind of, like, in the embryo stages. But I think once it gets older and more take place, it will definitely get to that magnitude.
HEADLEE: Well, maybe you can answer the question I asked earlier. I mean, I read a lot and still read a lot of comic books, and I really can't think of anyone besides Storm. What other black female superheroes do we have?
GIBSON: So there's Misty Knight, who was basically kind of, like, a...
HEADLEE: Oh, yeah.
GIBSON: ...Character taken from "Foxy Brown" during the blaxploitation period. You have Nubia, who is, like, the sister to Wonder Woman. You have Martha Washington, who was created by Frank Miller and Dave Gibbons - some of the same people who did Batman and the Watchmen. You also have DC Comics' Vixen. There's also Image Comics' Crimson Avenger. You also...
HEADLEE: Grace, you know, all these characters are very, very small characters who appear in very few comics. I mean, 'cause there are ton of black men superheroes.
GIBSON: Right. Absolutely.
HEADLEE: So how do we change that?
GIBSON: So it's, you know, informing people. And so, for me, when I talk to people and when they ask me about my research, you know, I get that question, well, Storm's the only one. I'm like, God, no. There's, like, so many. And so they ask, and so then I tell them and then I write - that's what I do here in academia, is write about many of these characters so that they can be introduced to the outside world and also just to be introduced within academia because comics don't really have a place there just yet.
HEADLEE: You've also written, though, that many of these black female characters are hyper-sexualized. What do you mean by that?
GIBSON: Absolutely. So they're scantily clad, overexposed breasts, behind, clothes are very fitting and skintight, and...
HEADLEE: Wait. Isn't that all females characters in comic books?
GIBSON: It is. It definitely is, but at least in some cases, with some of the white characters, that's not the case. But with pretty much every black character, that is the case. And so there is no, oh, you know, we have one who is kind of more tamed. But they're pretty much all in that category, so there is no left or right. It's just this is how it is, and that's how they're seen.
HEADLEE: Do you think that more African-American girls would be more attracted to geek culture if the culture were more welcoming?
GIBSON: Yes, absolutely. I remember as a kid, when someone called me a geek or a nerd, I was quick to say, no, that's not who I am. But I think there's so many stereotypes and tropes that go along with it that make it seem like it's a bad thing. But as I've gotten older, I've embraced it and realized this is who I am and I love it and that's what it is. I tell people, you know, some of the geeks and nerds that are out there now are making lots of money, more money than those who don't want to be claimed as that.
HEADLEE: Although, I'm sure you hear people in the African-American community say, look, that's not African-American culture, right? I mean, you're trying to - what, are you trying to be white? I mean...
GIBSON: Right.
HEADLEE: ...I have to imagine you get those questions.
GIBSON: And then I ask, so then what is that? So then what does geek culture, what does a geek look like? Is there a definition? And I don't see a working definition. I think it's one of those where it's going to always constantly be changing. And, you know, you can be black, you can be white, you can be Asian - that's all. Everybody can be that, and there shouldn't be just one particular label that says that this is what it is.
HEADLEE: Other than this being something that you enjoy and maybe some of your friends enjoy, why is it important? Why do you make this kind of your mission in life to both get more acceptance of black girl geeks and encourage young women to be geeks if they're going to be?
GIBSON: It's kind of saved me. It's kind of allowed me to be who I am and kind of gotten me out of my shell. And so I was one of these kind of shy girls who just kind of stayed in the corner. And for me, being able to embrace and say - or even for others to be able to embrace and say that they're geeks, it allows them to be true to themselves. And we so often tell, you know, young girls and just people in general, be you, be yourself. And so by being able to do that and allowing geek culture to be a norm and not considered to be an outsider, it allows people to be kind of free in being that.
HEADLEE: Grace Gibson is a PhD student at UC Berkeley. She's also a contributing blogger for Black Girl Nerds. And she joined us from the campus of UC Berkeley in California. Grace, thank you so much.
GIBSON: Thank you. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
There's no easy way to say this, Norris. But now that I have a Kindle Touch capable of holding up to 3,000 books, I just can't justify the budget for a full-time camel. Or any kind of pack animal. It's not about species, it's about owning an advanced e-reader, one that reads like real paper and holds a battery charge for up to two months.
Now that I don't need to lug thousands of physical books around, I'm sure everybody at the beach will miss you. Frankly, though, I was a little ambivalent about being known as the "Camel Guy". The camel was just an expression of my love for literature - wouldn't it have been more accurate to call me the "Book Guy"? I mean, I'm not blaming you, Norris. But you have to admit, you do tend to steal the spotlight.
Yes, it'll be nice to be able to read my choice of millions of books anywhere I go, without being labeled as some kind of local-color nutcase. "Can I pet your camel?" "Can I feed your camel?" "Can I ride your camel?" It's a wonder I was able to get any reading done at all. I guess I should have picked a less charming camel, one that was less cute and fun. Of course people were going to love you everywhere we went. How could they resist? But that's all in the past now.
So go on, then. Goodbye. Get out of here. Go! What are you waiting for? Go find some other fool to bother! Go away right now, Norris! Can't you see I don't need you anymore, you stupid camel? Come on. Stop batting those long camel eyelashes. And don't - don't start licking my cheek. I just - I can't - I've got this Kindle now, and - oh, Norris, what was I thinking? I could never let you go! Of course you can carry my Kindle. And good news, old buddy: it only weighs 7.5 ounces.
At a Glance
Read in Bright Sunlight
Kindle's high-contrast e-ink touchscreen reads like real paper, with no glare. Read as easily in bright sunlight as in your living room.
Simple To Use Touchscreen
Kindle Touch features an easy-to-use touch interface. Turn pages, search, shop books and take notes quickly and easily.
Light and Compact
Kindle Touch's sleek design sports an 11% smaller body, with the same 6" screen size, and is 8% lighter, only 7.5 ounces.
Holds 3,000 Books
Carry up to 3,000 books - keep your entire library with you wherever you go.
Two Month Battery Life
No battery anxiety - read for up to two months on a single charge with wireless off and a half hour of reading per day.
Tap to turn pages - no need to swipe, so you can hold Kindle in either hand.
Books in 60 Seconds
Find a book and start reading in seconds with Kindle's fast, free wireless delivery. No computer required.
Built-in Wi-Fi
Connect to Wi-Fi hotspots at home or on the road. Includes free Wi-Fi access at AT&T hotspots across the U.S.
Simple to Use
Kindle Touch is ready to use right out of the box - no setup, no software to install, no computer required to download content.
Adjustable Text Sizes
Read comfortably with eight different sizes and three font styles.
Fast page turns
Kindle Touch has a powerful processor tuned for fast, seamless page turns.
PDF and Personal Documents
Email or Send to Kindle personal documents and PDFs direct to your Kindle to read and annotate on-the-go.
With Text-to-Speech, Kindle can read English-language content out loud to you, including summaries of newspaper and magazine articles, when available from the publisher.
Massive Selection
Over 1 million books, newspapers, and magazines, including latest bestsellers, Kindle exclusives, Audible audiobooks and more.
Low Book Prices
Over 800,000 books are $9.99 or less.
Free, Out-of-Copyright Books
Millions of free, out-of-copyright, pre-1923 titles such as Pride and Prejudice are available. Learn More
Free Book Samples
Download and read first chapters for free before you decide to buy.
Kindle Owners' Lending Library
With Prime, Kindle Touch owners can read all 7 Harry Potter books in 5 languages for free - as frequently as a book a month, with no due dates. Plus, choose from over 145,000 books, including over 100 current and former New York Times bestsellers. Learn More
Explore the "bones of a book". With a single tap, see all the passages across a book that mention ideas, fictional characters, historical figures, places or topics of interest, as well as more detailed descriptions from Wikipedia and Shelfari.
Instant Translations
Tap any word or highlight a section to instantly translate into other languages, including Spanish, Japanese, and more. Translations by Bing Translator.
Borrow From Your Public Library
Borrow Kindle books from your public library and start reading on your Kindle. Learn More
Free Cloud Backup
Kindle automatically backs up your library in the cloud, so you never need to worry about losing your books. Re-download wirelessly anytime for free.
Buy Once, Read Everywhere
Kindle books can be read on your Kindle, iPhone, iPad, Android devices, BlackBerry, Windows Phone 7, Mac, PC, or web browser with our free Kindle Reading Apps.
Whispersync technology synchronizes your last page read, bookmarks and annotations across your devices so you can always pick up where you left off.
E Ink 101
If you're purchasing a device primarily for reading, an important consideration is the screen technology. Unlike devices with LCD screens, Kindle e-readers use the latest generation of Electronic Ink ("E Ink") technology – E Ink Pearl – designed specifically to deliver clearer, sharper text that makes reading for extended periods of time more comfortable. Here are some of the advantages to reading on an E Ink device:
Reads Like Real Paper, Even in Bright Sunlight
E Ink screens look and read just like real paper. Kindle e-readers' matte screens reflect light like ordinary paper and use no backlighting, so you can read as easily in bright sunlight as in your living room. Unlike LCD screens, E Ink screens have no glare.
Easy on the Eyes
E Ink uses actual ink particles to create crisp, print-like text similar to what you see in a physical book. And Kindle e-readers also use proprietary, hand-built fonts to take advantage of the special characteristics of the ink to make letters appear clear and sharp.
- Less eye fatigue: Every time your eye switches from a bright screen to a dimmer, ambient room, your eyes have to adjust, which may result in fatigue. With E Ink, the page is the same brightness as everything else in the room so there's no adjustment needed.
- Reduced glare: All E Ink surfaces are treated to be matte like a printed page, reducing glare and increasing legibility.
- Read in any position: E Ink screens have a uniform contrast ratio that does not change with your viewing angle, so you can read in any position.
- Sharp, clear text: E Ink screens have 100% aperture ratio, so there are no gaps between pixels. The blacks and whites on an E Ink screen are uniform, improving image quality.
Read with One Hand
Ranging from 5.98 ounces to 8.7 ounces, Kindle e-readers are lighter than most paperback books, and weigh half as much as many LCD tablet devices, making it easy and comfortable to hold in one hand for extended periods of time.
Longer Battery Life
Electronic ink screens also have the advantage of significantly lower power consumption than LCD screens. E Ink screens do not require power to maintain a page of text, allowing you to read for up to a month or two on a single charge versus hours on a tablet or smart phone.
Detailed Features
Elegant, Easy-to-use E-reader
Lose Yourself in Your Reading
The most elegant feature of a physical book is that it disappears while you're reading. Immersed in the author's world and ideas, you don't notice a book's glue, the stitching, or ink. Our top design objective is to make Kindle Touch disappear — just like a physical book — so you can get lost in your reading, not the technology.Ergonomic Design
Kindle Touch is easy to hold and read. We designed it with long-form reading in mind. When reading for long periods of time, people naturally shift positions and often like to read with one hand. Kindle Touch has a new ergonomic design so it can be held comfortably however you choose to read.Touch Controls and Virtual Keyboard
Kindle Touch features a full touchscreen display that puts page turns, navigation and note-taking at your fingertips. Tap unknown words to call up definitions in the dictionary, highlight sections of text to send to a friend, or search, shop and type with a virtual keyboard that appears on screen just when you need it and provides suggestions automatically as you type.New Touch Experience - EasyReach
Amazon invented a new type of touch experience that eliminates the fatigue caused by continuously swiping to turn the page, and that allows readers to hold Kindle with either hand while still turning pages comfortably. With EasyReach, Kindle Touch users can effortlessly page forward in a book or a periodical while holding the device with either hand. Tapping on most of the screen area will page forward, the most common action done when reading; tapping in a narrow area near the left edge of the device turns to the previous page; and tapping on the top part of the screen brings up the toolbars for further options. This is another way that Kindle helps readers get lost in the author's world.Never Gets Hot
Unlike a laptop, Kindle Touch never gets hot so you can read comfortably as long as you like.
Wireless Capability
Built-in Wi-Fi
Kindle Touch automatically detects nearby Wi-Fi networks at school, home, or your favorite café. On a Wi-Fi network that requires a password? Simply enter the password and connect to the network; Kindle Touch will automatically connect to that network the next time you're nearby.Free Access at AT&T Hotspots
Enjoy free Wi-Fi access at AT&T hotspots across the U.S. for shopping and downloading Kindle content — no AT&T registration, sign-in, or password required.
Reading on Kindle
Adjustable Text Sizes, Font Choices
Kindle Touch has eight adjustable font sizes to suit your reading preference. You can increase the text size of your favorite book or periodical with the push of a button. If your eyes tire, simply increase the font size and continue reading comfortably. Kindle Touch also has three font styles to choose from – all optimized and hand-tuned to provide the best reading experience.Custom Fonts
Kindle Touch uses hand-built, custom fonts and font-hinting to make words and letters more crisp, clear, and natural-looking. Font hints are instructions, written as code, that control points on a font character's line, improving legibility at small font sizes where few pixels are available. Hinting is a mix of aesthetic judgments and complicated technical strategies. We've designed our proprietary font-hinting to optimize specifically for the special characteristics of electronic ink.Fast Page Turns
Kindle Touch has fast page turns. We've done this by fine-tuning Kindle Touch's proprietary waveform, the series of electronic pulses that move black and white electronic ink particles to achieve an optimal display of images and text.Support for Non-Latin Characters
Kindle Touch supports the display of non-Latin characters, so you can read books and documents in the translation that's right for you. Kindle Touch displays Cyrillic (such as Russian), Japanese, Chinese (Traditional and Simplified), and Korean characters, in addition to Latin and Greek scripts.Rotate Between Portrait and Landscape Mode
Switch between portrait and landscape orientation to read maps, graphs, and tables more easily.Full Image Zoom
Images and photos display crisply on Kindle Touch and can be zoomed to the full size of the screen.Real Page Numbers
Easily reference and cite passages or read alongside others in a book club or class with real page numbers. Using the computing fabric of Amazon Web Services, we've created algorithms that match specific text in a Kindle book to the corresponding text in a print book, to identify the correct, "real" page number to display. Real page numbers are available on tens of thousands of our most popular Kindle books, including the top 100 bestselling books in the Kindle Store that have matching print editions. Page numbers are displayed when you touch the top of the screen.Carry and Read Your Personal Documents
Kindle Touch makes it easy to take your personal documents with you, eliminating the need to print. You and your approved contacts can e-mail documents – including Word, PDF and more - directly to your Kindle and read them in Kindle format. You can also send documents to your Kindle using Send to Kindle, available for free download at www.amazon.com/sendtokindle.Your personal documents will be stored in your Kindle library on Amazon and ready to download conveniently anywhere at any time. You can add notes, highlights and bookmarks, which are automatically synchronized across devices along with the last page you read using our Whispersync technology.
You can read your PDFs in their native format and convert them to the Kindle format so that it reflows like a regular Kindle book. Learn more
Dictionary and Search
Built-In Dictionary with Instant Lookup
Come across a word you don't know? Kindle Touch includes The New Oxford American Dictionary with over 250,000 entries and definitions for free. Kindle Touch lets you instantly look up the definition without ever leaving the book – simply touch and hold the word you want to check and the definition will automatically display at the bottom of the screen.Search Wikipedia and the Web
Kindle Touch makes it easy to find what you're looking for. Just enter a word or phrase and Kindle will search every instance across your Kindle library, in the Kindle Store, on Wikipedia, or the Web using Google search.X-Ray
Amazon invented X-Ray, a new feature that lets customers explore the "bones of the book." With a single tap, readers can see all the passages across a book that mention ideas, fictional characters, historical figures, places or topics that interest them, as well as more detailed descriptions from Wikipedia and Shelfari, Amazon's community-powered encyclopedia for book lovers.Amazon built X-Ray using its expertise in language processing and machine learning, access to significant storage and computing resources with Amazon S3 and EC2, and a deep library of book and character information. The vision is to have every important phrase in every book.
Notes and Sharing
Bookmarks and Annotations
Add annotations to text, just like you might write in the margins of a book, with a virtual keyboard that appears just when you need it. And because it is digital, you can edit, delete, and export your notes. You can highlight and clip key passages and bookmark pages for future use. You'll never need to bookmark your last place in the book, because Kindle Touch remembers for you and always opens to the last page you read.Popular Highlights
See what millions of Kindle readers think are the most interesting passages in your books. If several other readers have highlighted a particular passage, then that passage will be highlighted in your book along with the total number of people who have highlighted it. View details.Share Meaningful Passages
Share your passion for books and reading with friends, family, and other readers around the world by posting meaningful passages to social networks like Facebook and Twitter directly from your Kindle Touch, without leaving the page. Want to post or tweet about a great new novel or newspaper article? When you highlight or create a note in your book or periodical, you can easily share it with your social network. Help your network of family and friends discover new authors and books.Public Notes
Share your notes and see what others are saying about Kindle books. Any Kindle user – including authors, book reviewers, professors and passionate readers everywhere – can opt-in to share their thoughts on book passages and ideas with friends, family members, colleagues, and the greater Kindle community. Learn more.Lend Your Books
Lend eligible Kindle books to other Kindle or Kindle app users. Each eligible book can be lent once for a period of 14 days. Not all books are lendable — the publisher or rights holder determines which titles are enabled for lending. For more information on how to lend Kindle books, visit our help page.Public Library Books
Customers can check out a Kindle book from their local library and start reading on any Kindle or free Kindle reading app. Learn more.
Customize Your Kindle
Choose Your Language
You can customize your Kindle with the language you prefer. You can set your default language on Kindle to English (US and UK), German, French, Spanish, Italian, or Brazilian Portuguese.Organize your Library
Organize your Kindle library into collections, or categories, to easily access any book you are looking for. You can add an item to multiple collections to make organizing and finding titles even easier. For example, you can add the same book to your "History" and "My Favorite Authors" collections.Password Protection
With password protection functionality, you can choose to lock your Kindle Touch automatically when not in use.
The Kindle Store
Access the Kindle Store wirelessly right from your Kindle Touch – search and shop the world's largest selection of books that people want to read, plus magazines, newspapers, blogs and games. We auto-deliver all your purchases in seconds – simply search, buy, and you're ready to read.
Personalized Recommendations
Kindle Touch makes it easy to discover new titles with recommendations personalized just for you. The Kindle Store uses the same personalized customer experience you're used to across Amazon.com, matching our best recommendations to your personal reading habits.Over a Million Books
The Kindle store contains the largest selection of books people want to read: over a million books, including 800,000 at $9.99 or less. We work directly with publishers to get the latest bestsellers, biggest new releases and the titles most popular with tens of millions of Amazon's book customers.Over 2 million free, out-of-copyright, pre-1923 books are also available such as Pride and Prejudice and Treasure Island. Learn more.
Over 60,000 Audible Audiobooks Available - with Wireless Delivery
Discover, download, and listen to over 60,000 Audible.com audiobooks — read by authors, celebrities, and world-class narrators — right from your Kindle Touch. Shop the Internet's premier provider of digital audiobooks, with genres including mysteries and thrillers, romance, and biographies.Newsstand
Shop and subscribe to your favorite magazines and newspapers such as Time, Newsweek, and The New Yorker, from Newsstand. New editions are auto-delivered wirelessly direct to your device the second they go on sale.Blogs
Stay up to date with the latest tech stories, sports results and news updates from your favorite blogs. Subscribe to popular blogs such as Gizmodo, The Onion and ESPN to receive auto-updates on your Kindle throughout the day.Games
Take a break from reading to enjoy a selection of great games specially designed for Kindle, like Every Word and Number Slide.
Experimental Features
WebKit-Based Browser
Kindle's experimental web browser is based on WebKit. It's easy to find the information you're looking for right from your Kindle Touch. Experimental web browsing is free.Read-to-Me
With the Text-to-Speech feature turned on, Kindle Touch can read English newspapers, magazines, blogs, and books out loud to you, unless the book's rights holder made the feature unavailable. You can switch back and forth between reading and listening, and your spot is automatically saved. Pages automatically turn while the content is being read, so you can listen hands-free. You can choose from both male and female voices which can be sped up or slowed down to suit your preference. In the middle of a great story or article but have to jump in the car? Simply turn on Text-to-Speech and listen on the go.Listen to Music and Podcasts
Transfer MP3 files to Kindle Touch to play as background music while you read. You can quickly and easily transfer MP3 files via USB by connecting Kindle Touch to your computer.
Shipping Note: Eligible for shipping to all 50 states
Warranty: 1 Year Kindle
Specifications: | |
Display: | Amazon's 6" diagonal E Ink multi-touch display, optimized with proprietary waveform and font technology, 600 x 800 pixel resolution at 167 ppi, 16-level gray scale. |
System Requirements: | None, because it's wireless and doesn't require a computer to download content. |
On-device Storage: | Up to 3,000 books or 4 GB internal (approximately 3 GB available for user content). |
Cloud Storage: | Free cloud storage for all Amazon content |
Battery Life: | A single charge lasts up to two months with wireless off based upon a half-hour of daily reading time. Keep wireless always on and it lasts for up to 6 weeks. Battery life will vary based on wireless usage, such as shopping the Kindle Store, web browsing, and downloading content. |
Charge Time: | Fully charges in approximately 4 hours via the included USB 2.0 cable connected to a computer. U.S. power adapter sold separately. |
Wi-Fi Connectivity: | Supports public and private Wi-Fi networks or hotspots that use the 802.11b, 802.11g, or 802.11n standard with support for WEP, WPA and WPA2 security using password authentication or or Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS); supports WPA and WPA2 secured networks using 802.1X authentication methods using password authentication; does not support connecting to ad-hoc (or peer-to-peer) Wi-Fi networks. |
USB Port: | USB 2.0 (micro-B connector) |
Audio: | 3.5mm stereo audio jack, rear mounted speakers |
Content: Formats Supported: | Kindle (AZW), Kindle Format 8 (AZW3), TXT, PDF, Audible (Audible Enhanced(AA,AAX)), MP3, unprotected MOBI, PRC natively; HTML, DOC, DOCX, JPEG, GIF, PNG, BMP through conversion. |
Dimensions: | 6.8" x 4.7" x 0.40" |
Weight: | 7.5 ounces |
In the box:
- Kindle Touch Wireless Reading Device with Wi-Fi
- USB 2.0 Cable
Specifications: | |
Display: | Amazon's 6" diagonal E Ink multi-touch display, optimized with proprietary waveform and font technology, 600 x 800 pixel resolution at 167 ppi, 16-level gray scale. |
System Requirements: | None, because it's wireless and doesn't require a computer to download content. |
On-device Storage: | Up to 3,000 books or 4 GB internal (approximately 3 GB available for user content). |
Cloud Storage: | Free cloud storage for all Amazon content |
Battery Life: | A single charge lasts up to two months with wireless off based upon a half-hour of daily reading time. Keep wireless always on and it lasts for up to 6 weeks. Battery life will vary based on wireless usage, such as shopping the Kindle Store, web browsing, and downloading content. |
Charge Time: | Fully charges in approximately 4 hours via the included USB 2.0 cable connected to a computer. U.S. power adapter sold separately. |
Wi-Fi Connectivity: | Supports public and private Wi-Fi networks or hotspots that use the 802.11b, 802.11g, or 802.11n standard with support for WEP, WPA and WPA2 security using password authentication or or Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS); supports WPA and WPA2 secured networks using 802.1X authentication methods using password authentication; does not support connecting to ad-hoc (or peer-to-peer) Wi-Fi networks. |
USB Port: | USB 2.0 (micro-B connector) |
Audio: | 3.5mm stereo audio jack, rear mounted speakers |
Content: Formats Supported: | Kindle (AZW), Kindle Format 8 (AZW3), TXT, PDF, Audible (Audible Enhanced(AA,AAX)), MP3, unprotected MOBI, PRC natively; HTML, DOC, DOCX, JPEG, GIF, PNG, BMP through conversion. |
Dimensions: | 6.8" x 4.7" x 0.40" |
Weight: | 7.5 ounces |
In the box:
- Kindle Touch Wireless Reading Device with Wi-Fi
- USB 2.0 Cable
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The man's man - a country man. That's how most people typically refer to Matt Moore. After all, his book Have Her Over for Dinner; a gentleman's guide to classic, simple meals taught men all across the country how to wow a lovely lady with a home cooked meal. However, Moore definitely knows a thing or two outside of the kitchen. A Nashville based country music singer/songwriter, and also the creator/owner of the popular gentlemen's cologne line, Moonshine, Moore is the quintessential Modern Man. The proud history and lineage of Double R. Ranch Co. embodies the independent, bold, and manly spirit of the man's man - Moore, along with Double R. Ranch Co., is proud to offer up ten must-haves to help men everywhere become a Modern Man.Cast Iron skillet - Heavy, durable, and inexpensive - cast iron skillets retain even heat while blackening, roasting, simmering, or sautéing. The best part? It lasts a lifetime. Your grandkids will fight over it when you're dead.
Go-to Steakhouse Recipe to Impress - Forget about splurging at the steakhouse. Be a man - learn how to cook killer steaks at home. Purchase a quality cut of steak, such as Double R. Ranch Co.'s Steakhouse Filet. Hint: your meal will only be as good as your ingredients, so don't skimp on your beef. Heat your seasoned cast iron skillet over medium high heat until it's hot. Liberally season the filets on both sides with kosher salt and fresh cracked pepper. Next, sear the filets in the skillet for 3 - 4 minutes on each side (Don't touch it! Allow the meat to cook undisturbed to create a nice sear, i.e. flavor). For thicker cuts, place the steak into a preheated oven at 350 degrees to finish cooking - until internal temperature reaches 135 degrees F for medium rare. Remove steaks from heat, place on a cutting board and tent with foil - resting for 5 or so minutes to allow the juices to redistribute. Serve.
Bottle of Cabernet Sauvignon - Bold, rich flavors with lush fruit aromas and spice. A crowd pleasing bottle of wine pairs perfectly with a quality steak - and of course, that intriguing brunette on your arm.
Firm handshake - A man is only as good as his words. A man's words are built on trust. Trust is earned with a firm handshake and a square look in the eye.
Dark sports coat - Casual with a pair of dark jeans, or dressed up with a pair of slacks - every man should keep a well-tailored, pressed sports coat on hand to arrive fashionably at any occasion.
Pocketknife - You'll never know how bad you needed one of these things until you start carrying one every day. From opening letters, to 'trimming' the fat - a dependable pocketknife is the real men's 'accessory'.
Cologne - Smell like a man. Find a scent that avoids celebrity endorsements or frail models to push sales. Instead, stick with woodsy notes of musk, spice, and leather to make your inherent manliness smell even better.
Pair of Boots - Think more along the lines of John Wayne than Urban Cowboy. A sturdy pair of boots will last years and never go out of style. Whether riding a motorcycle, working in a vineyard, or even dressed up under a pair of slacks - this classic look evokes a 'timeless man' with a touch of attitude.
Personalized stationary - Stop writing emails and texting. Make a memorable impression by sending hand written notes on card stock paper with your full name in letterpress at the top. Trust us - they will never delete you out of their 'inbox'.


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The Missoula Police Department Traffic Safety Unit consists of one Sergeant, four motorcycle officers, one dedicated DUI Enforcement Officer, three civilian Crash Investigators and one civilian Abandoned Vehicle Specialist.
The Missoula Police Department responds to approximately 1,800 reported crashes per year, with the highest and most severe crash rates taking place along U.S. 93 / Reserve St.
Fourteen percent of all reported crashes are alcohol related, which correlates with the state and national average. Since 2003, the department has made DUI enforcement and traffic enforcement a priority, increasing our DUI arrests from 358 to a high of 1026 in nine years.
The Missoula Police Department does not investigate accidents unless we are immediately called. This does not apply to "hit-and-run" accidents. These accidents do, however, need to be reported. You may do that directly through the Montana Highway Patrol. You can download the form to do that here.
The goal of the Missoula Police Department Traffic Safety Unit is to increase the quality of life on the roadways of the city. Responding to an average of 150 reported abandoned vehicle complaints per month and numerous parking violations adds to a comprehensive response plan addressing the dynamic concerns of Missoulians.
While our traffic resources are limited, we do attempt to respond to all reasonable traffic enforcement requests. We recognize that citizens are our eyes and ears on the street and see many things we do not. If you know of a traffic problem you have several options to request enforcement. You can contact us below or fill out an online request here.
For more information, email the Police Department or call at 406-552-6300.


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Americans may not realize it yet, but Turkey's regression from a secular democracy into an Islamic state may be based on an educational movement that has also taken root in America. Imam Fethullah Gülen and his Gülen Movement (GM) have had enormous influence in setting the increasingly Islamist agenda of Turkey's ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP). Much of this is due to GM's vast empire of media entities, financial institutions, banks and business organizations. But the most critical component of this empire is educational institutions. In Turkey, 75 percent of the nation's two million preparatory school students are enrolled in Gülen institutions. In America, GM runs the largest charter school network in the nation. Such an empire is slowly receiving the kind of scrutiny–and pushback from concerned Americans–that it deserves.
The principals and school board members of GM charter schools are primarily Turkish men. Hundreds of Turkish teachers have been admitted to the United States using H-1B visas, because the schools claim qualified Americans cannot be found. Moreover, an examination of federal tax forms and school documents reveals that GM charter schools tend to purchase a substantial portion of their goods and services from Gülenist businesses.
This symbiotic relationship is occurring in many areas around the nation. For example, a trio of GM schools in Georgia are currently in the spotlight because they defaulted on a $19 million bond issue. An audit revealed the schools improperly granted hundreds of thousands of dollars in contracts for purchases like T-shirts, teacher training, and video production services from organizations with connections to school officials, or Gülen followers, or to businesses and groups with ties to the Gülen Movement. In some cases, bidding requirements were ignored. "I would just question how those vendors were selected when price in many instances wasn't part of the decision making," said Fulton County superintendent Robert Avossa.
In Texas, similar allegations have been aimed at the Cosmos Foundation, a charter school operator founded a decade ago by a group of professors and businessmen from Turkey. The group, currently using the name Harmony Schools, has become the biggest charter operation in the state, and while its primary mission is educating schoolchildren, it has forged ongoing relationships with a close-knit network of businesses and organizations run by Turkish immigrants. Some of those founders, as well as school operators, and many of their business suppliers, are followers of Fethullah Gülen.
Harmony receives more than $100 million a year in taxpayer funds. When questioned how that money was spent with regards to awarding contracts, Harmony produced a list showing that local American companies had been awarded only 13 construction and renovation jobs over several years. On the other hand, a _New York Times_ review of contracts since January 2009, totaling 35 contracts and $82 million worth of work, revealed that all but 3 jobs worth about $1.5 million went to Turkish-owned businesses. Such contracts included an $8.2 million deal awarded to TDM Contracting to build the Harmony School of Innovation during the company's very first month in business. Such "good fortune" is in direct contrast to established local companies that claimed they weren't awarded contracts, despite bidding several hundred thousand dollars lower.
One of those companies is Atlas Texas Construction and Trading, a Houston-based contractor with offices in Texas and Turkey. Atlas was awarded two contracts by Cosmos in Texas, the fairness of which was questioned by local contractors, who wondered why the company got both jobs when it was underbid by one company on one job, and four on the other. Atlas showed up on a list of Gülen-affiliated companies in a 2006 cable from the American Consul General in Istanbul, released by WikiLeaks. In Louisiana, the _New Orleans Times-Picayune_ reported that the Abramson Science & Technology Charter School in eastern New Orleans is linked to a bribe offer allegedly made by Inci Akpinar – the vice president of Atlas.
Other possible sources of income for the GM movement were revealed in a 2011 report by the Philadelphia Inquirer. They revealed that the FBI is investigating a GM charter school employee kickback scheme, aimed at funding the larger GM movement.
Operators of Gülen-based charter schools stress over and over that their charters hew to state-mandated curriculums. Yet in Inver Grove Heights, MN, a substitute teacher named Amanda Getz claims the Tarek Ibn Ziyad Academy (TIZA) maintained no separation between academics studied during school and Islamic studies afterward. She also claims she was instructed to take students in fours to the bathroom for "ritual washing" before lunch on Fridays (the Muslim holy day), after which, "teachers led the kids into the gym, where a man dressed in white with a white cap" led the students in Muslim prayers. She further revealed that while religious instruction is not part of the "school day," most students stay after – perhaps because school buses don't leave until the Islamic studies are over.
Concerned Americans have begun to push back. In Austin, Texas, a protest rally was organized in August 2011 against the Harmony School of Political Science in that city. Rally organizer Donna Garner cited Fethullah Gülen's influence in changing Turkey from pro- to anti-American, the link between Cosmos/Harmony/Atlas Construction in Texas and Louisiana's Pelican schools, as well as concerns regarding how "teachers who can hardly speak English and are fresh from Turkey will present such historically significant elements as the Holocaust, the Founding Fathers, the Declaration of Independence, and the Constitution."
In Tennessee last May, Gov. Bill Haslam allowed a bill that limits the number of foreign workers at charter schools to become law without his signature. According to the bill, if a school wants 3.5 percent or more of its staff to be hired from among the foreign workers in the H1B or J-1 visa programs (with an exception for language teachers), it can now be refused a charter to operate by chartering authorities. American Muslim Advisory Council board member Sabina Mohyuddin from Tullahoma, labeled it "an anti-Muslim bill shrouded in anti-immigrant language."
Last month in Loudoun, VA, applicants behind the proposed Loudoun Math and IT Academy in that city were peppered with questions from residents who were concerned that the proposed charter has ties to the Gülen Movement. Access Point Public Affairs' Mindy Williams, who serves as the spokeswoman for the charter school applicants, along with School Board Vice Chairman Jill Turgeon and Board of Supervisors Vice Chairman Janet Clarke, were met with a great amount of skepticism when they said they believed the school was not tied to Gülen or his movement. "I do think it's very important that we're absolutely sure there is no connection," Clarke said, "but in all fairness, we can't draw that connection when we don't know quite yet."
Perhaps they're not looking hard enough. At an earlier meeting, it was pointed out that Ali Bicak is one of the founding members of Chesapeake Science Point in Maryland, which has alleged ties to the Gülen Movement and is ostensibly the school after which the Loudoun Math and IT Academy is modeled. Fatih Kandil, listed as an applicant for the Loudoun charter school, is a former principal of Chesapeake Science Point and was the director of the Horizon Science Academy in Ohio, which has also been accused of ties with Gülen. "There's a trend here I'm hoping you see," said meeting attendee Rachel Sargent.
There is also a trend of top charter school officials denying ties to GM or Fethullah Gülen, who has himself denied any association with these schools. A 2010 column by _USA Today's_ Greg Toppo debunks that claim. After noting the rise of charter schools "established over the past decade by a loosely affiliated group of Turkish-American educators," and further noting that the school's top administrators "say they have no official ties to Gülen," and that "Gülen himself denies any connection to the schools," he reveals that "documents available at various foundation websites and in federal forms required of non-profit groups show that virtually all of the schools have opened or operate with the aid of Gülen-inspired 'dialogue' groups, local non-profits that promote Turkish culture."
As previously reported, the most high profile news story about Gülen and the GM charter school operation was conducted by CBS's "60 Minutes" last May. Despite their glowing story about a man "with millions upon millions of disciples who compare him to Ghandi and Martin Luther King," and one who promotes "tolerance, interfaith dialog and above-all…education," the network was forced to admit Gülen's movement "does lack transparency: its funding, hierarchy, and ambitions remain hidden–leading our State Department to wonder in cables between Ankara and Washington if Gülen has an 'insidious political agenda.'"
America's track record in determining whether certain well-connected Muslims have an "insidious political agenda" is not encouraging. In 2001, shortly after 9⁄11, the former imam for the Dar al-Hijrah mosque in Falls Church, VA was invited to the Pentagon as part of the military's Muslim outreach efforts following the attacks. Ten years later, that man – Anwar al-Awlaki, leader of "Al Qaeda's most active operational affiliate," in the words of President Obama – was killed by a drone strike in Yemen. In 1999, Turkish television aired footage of Gülen delivering sermons to a crowd of followers:
"You must move in the arteries of the system without anyone noticing your existence until you reach all the power centers … until the conditions are ripe, they [the followers] must continue like this. If they do something prematurely, the world will crush our heads, and Muslims will suffer everywhere, like in the tragedies in Algeria, like in 1982 [in] Syria … like in the yearly disasters and tragedies in Egypt. The time is not yet right. You must wait for the time when you are complete and conditions are ripe, until we can shoulder the entire world and carry it"
Thirteen years later, it remains a real possibility that Fethullah Gülen and the GM believe conditions are "ripening" for their stealth jihad in America, using charter schools as their vehicle. Yet slowly but surely, more parents are becoming concerned about the kind of education their children are really getting, even as more journalists are beginning to look into the unsavory relationships – funded by taxpayer dollars – between these schools, and a network of Turkish-based businesses tied to the GM. More questions are also being asked about the possible exploitation of the H-1B visa system used to give Turkish nationals teaching jobs that might otherwise go to Americans. The time is right for a comprehensive investigation of the GM charter school system, and Imam Fethullah Gülen.
Freedom Center pamphlets now available on Kindle: Click here.


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R&DE Business Support & Assessment serves Residential & Dining Enterprises (R&DE) as a strategic business partner through…
- Communications - Executive Presentations
- Public Relations
- Program and Concept Development
- Event Management
- Facility Openings and Program Launches Across R&DE
Brand Asset Development and Management for:
- Student Housing
- Stanford Dining
- Stanford Hospitality & Auxiliaries
- Stanford Conferences
Revenue Enhancement Strategies and Awareness Campaigns
We additionally offer competitively-priced enterprise marketing services to the entire Stanford Community.
R&DE Business Support & Assessment has expanded its service model to offer services to the entire Stanford Community. We specialize in high-quality, value-priced production and creative services to support your business needs. Our services include:
- Color printing/photocopying
- Color Poster Printing (maximum 36" wide)
- Lamination (maximum 27" wide)
Creative Services
- Graphic Design
- Print Layout
- Photography
- Multimedia
- Branding
- Promotional Strategies
Contact Us
Please contact us for pricing or for more information.
Telephone: 650-725-7150
Fax: 650-725-8469


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Show All Answers
In 2004, the Senior Citizen Discount for water was discontinued. Over the last few years the minimum charge for water has remained low, providing the minimum discount to all users, including seniors.
Tenants can stop or start service online via the CustomerConnect portal.
When a home is being sold, the title company will take care of transferring utility services and paying any final bills. Call (970) 244-1579 with any questions.
Please see Pay Your Utility Bill.
The City of Grand Junction does not provide gas or electric services. Please contact Xcel Energy at 800-895-4999 or Grand Valley Power at 970-242-0040.
The Ridges Irrigation System is normally on from the first of April through the end of October or until the first freeze occurs. Please check the Ridges Irrigation page for information on outages, official start and stop dates.
Irrigation charges (rates) to cover the cost of operating the Ridges Irrigation system are calculated and pro-rated over a 12-month period. The total cost per year to the customer would be the same whether it was charged out over 7 months or 12 months.
Call a Customer Service Representative at 970-244-1579 and request the water meter be temporarily shut off for repairs. Please do not attempt to turn a water meter off yourself, as the water meter is the City's property and responsibility. If possible, please schedule repairs during normal business hours (Monday through Friday, 7 am to 3:30 pm). For an after-hours emergency water shut-off, dial 970-242-6707.
While you have your water shut off, it is recommended that an isolation valve be installed on your service line. This allows you to turn the water on and off, yourself, in case of repairs or an emergency.
Not necessarily, but you should call a Customer Service Representative at 970-244-1579 and request a re-read of your water meter. If the reading is correct, then you can test for a water leak by following these step-by-step instructions.
One of the easiest and most effective ways to prevent waterlines from freezing is to turn on your faucets during the cold weather months. By continuously running a small stream of water (the size of a pencil lead) through your faucets - particularly faucets located on exterior walls - you can help prevent costly repairs. Avoiding Frozen Pipes (PDF).
Additional water usage charges may apply, so customers are encouraged to sign up for the Drip Program by calling Utility Billing at 970-244-1579. If your pipes do freeze, you should not attempt to forcefully heat your waterlines - it is best to let lines thaw naturally.


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Shop Iowa
Pella, Iowa
One of the most delicious In't Veld's specialties is ring bologna, a taut tube of salami-type meat cured into the shape of a horse-shoe, smoked and cured. It can be sliced, eaten cold as a snack, or can be enjoyed as a hot meal.
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Location: Carroll, Iowa
Find the perfect vacuum for your needs! We carry a large selection of uprights, portable canisters, hand vacuums, electric-brooms and cordless brooms. Ditch the big-box store models and find out what clean floors really looks like through our carefully-curated selection of quality products.
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Former NFL star Michael Vick could be out of federal prison and in a Virginia halfway house by Jan. 20, one of his attorneys told a federal bankruptcy judge Tuesday. Vick is serving a 23-month prison term in Leavenworth, Kan., for bankrolling a dogfighting conspiracy and is scheduled to be released from federal custody around July 20.
Last month, Vick also pleaded guilty to a state dogfighting charge, avoiding more prison time. The case's resolution also cleared the way for his early release from prison and possible transition into a halfway house. The suspended Atlanta Falcons quarterback's long-distance absence has complicated his bankruptcy proceedings in Virginia, said Michael Blumenthal, one of Vick's bankruptcy attorneys.
Conversely, the bankruptcy case might complicate plans for Vick's transfer. U.S. Bankruptcy Court Judge Frank Santoro ordered Vick's appearance at a bankruptcy hearing set for Jan. 30 in Newport News. Paperwork to bring Vick from Leavenworth could take weeks to process and could delay the halfway house program, Blumenthal said. Blumenthal on Tuesday asked Santoro to postpone the hearing by a week, which would improve the chances of Vick being transferred before his required appearance in bankruptcy court. Santoro refused.
"Mr. Vick came into this court voluntarily," the judge said. "I am not going to try to schedule around what may or may not be the convenience of Mr. Vick." Santoro also rejected a financial disclosure statement Vick filed in the bankruptcy case and ordered him to submit a new one by Jan. 5. Major creditors had objected to the statement, saying it lacked sufficient detail about his finances and failed to back up his statement that he believes he will resume his NFL career after his release.
"The disclosure statement is not ripe for consideration," Santoro said. "It needs to be redrafted in some respects – perhaps in some major respects." He did not elaborate. Santoro scheduled a new hearing on the disclosure statement for Jan. 30. He ordered Vick to appear that same day for a hearing on whether a trustee should be appointed to take control of his assets. Vick, once the NFL's highest-paid player and among its most popular, is currently earning 12 cents an hour at the federal penitentiary. He filed for federal bankruptcy protection in July, claiming assets of $16 million and liabilities of $20.4 million.
The disclosure statement submitted last month listed real estate holdings, luxury cars and boats, business interests, bank accounts and expenses to support a large extended family. But the thing that caught the creditors' eye was the millions in unexplained cash withdrawals and transfers. The murky financial data and uncertainty about Vick's future earnings make it hard to determine whether they should vote for Vick's reorganization plan, the creditors said.
The creditors committee consists of the Falcons, Royal Bank of Canada, Wachovia Bank, 1st Source Bank and Radtke Sports. A fifth major creditor, Joel Enterprises Inc., filed its own objection to the disclosure statement. Vick pleaded guilty last December to a federal dogfighting conspiracy. Three co-defendants also pleaded guilty and were given shorter prison terms than Vick, who owned the Surry County property where pit bulls were trained to fight and some were executed.


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No, nothing changing on this library's end. But maybe the box you're viewing the DPL Info Cafe on has seen better days, particularly if it is a PC.
The brain trust in Redmond, WA has all but outright said that Windows Vista was an flop. This is evidenced by their record-breaking rollout of Windows 7 in about half the time. Some could argue that they had no choice, as Windows Vista was terrible and no one was buying it.
There does, however, seem to be a lot of consensus by computer columnists and the thousands of beta-testing regular folks about Windows 7 as more than just attonement for that sin…it may be that rationalization that you need to buy a new system to take advantage of it.
Here's what we know so far:
-It's not the resource hog that Vista was. Some people have been testing it on ancient systems and find its demands are strikingly similar to Windows XP.
-A lot of people have been tolerating their old 6-7 year old boxes in anticipation of this release. There is a significant uptick in demand for parts right now, a month before Windows 7 hits shelves.
-Windows 7 hits shelves on October 22nd. College students will get it at the insanely low price of $30 dollars. You will not.
-We've purchased a number of books in anticipation of Windows 7 rollout. If you think you're going to get it anyways, might not hurt to bone up ahead of time.


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Order – Passeriformes
(Perching Birds)
A passerine is a bird of the giant order Passeriformes. More than half of all species of bird are passerines. Sometimes known as perching birds or, less accurately, as songbirds, the passerines are one of the most spectacularly successful vertebrate orders: with around 5,400 species, they are roughly twice as diverse as the largest of the mammal orders, the Rodentia.
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Laboratory and in situ analysis of samples
This article is a summary of chapter 8 of the Manual Sediment Transport Measurements in Rivers, Estuaries and Coastal Seas[1]. This article describes how measurement samples can be analysed in situ or in a laboratory. Sample analysis usually consists of determining the following parameters: sediment concentration, sediment composition, sediment density, and chemical analysis. Samples for chemical or bioassay analysis should be immediately chilled and stored at 4oC after collection.
Sediment concentration
The two most commonly used methods are evaporation and filtration. The filtration method may be somewhat faster for samples of small concentrations. However, large concentrations tend to clog the filter material (silt concentrations > 100 mg/l).
Bed material composition
Preparation of samples prior to analysis is of the utmost importance if accurate and reproducible results are to be obtained. Samples containing clay minerals or organic material are very liable to cracking on drying and care should always be taken to avoid samples drying out prior to analysis. However, when samples may have dried out naturally when collected on a mudflat or a riverbank, then the aggregates should be broken down (hydrogen peroxide treatment).
Organic materials ranging from macroscopic plant and coal to microscopic colloidal humus does affect average specific weight and greatly affects the particle size and/or fall velocity, if present in sufficient quantities. Quantitative determination of organic material, usually is recommended if the sample consists of 10% or more of organic material. Complete removal of organic material is necessary for all samples to be analyzed for particle size or fall velocity when other than native water is used because the organic material may bind together the sediment particles.
Samples having a size range from pebbles or cobbles down to fine sands will require hand separation of the largest particles. If possible, the size-distribution of the large particles (cobbles) should be determined in-situ by manual measurement of the nominal diameter or by means of photographic methods.
Suspended sediment composition
The physical analysis of suspended sediment samples should be focussed on the determination of the particle fall velocity distribution because this latter parameter is of essential importance in sedimentation studies. Therefore, the sedimentation methods (settling tests) must be preferred above the other methods such as sieving or the Coulter counter. These latter two methods may be used to check the results of the sedimentation tests.
See also
Summaries of the manual
- Manual Sediment Transport Measurements in Rivers, Estuaries and Coastal Seas
- Chapter 1: Introduction, problems and approaches in sediment transport measurements
- Chapter 2: Definitions, processes and models in morphology
- Chapter 3: Principles, statistics and errors of measuring sediment transport
- Chapter 4: Computation of sediment transport and presentation of results
- Chapter 5: Measuring instruments for sediment transport
- Chapter 6: Measuring instruments for particle size and fall velocity
- Chapter 7: Measuring instruments for bed material sampling
- Chapter 9: In situ measurement of wet bulk density
- Chapter 10: Instruments for bed level detection
- Chapter 11: Argus video
- Chapter 12: Measuring instruments for fluid velocity, pressure and wave height
- ↑ Rijn, L. C. van (1986). Manual sediment transport measurements. Delft, The Netherlands: Delft Hydraulics Laboratory
Please note that others may also have edited the contents of this article.
Please note that others may also have edited the contents of this article.


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Early exposure to hands-on engineering activities can build interest in science, technology, engineering and math fields.
The Pipeline to Jobs project and Linn Benton Community College are sponsoring a hands-on workshop at Heritage Mall on Feb. 24 for elementary and middle school students. The event is free and open to all interested students.
Join us for a day of hands-on activities that give kids the opportunity to learn about how things are built, and engage in fun, creative kid-friendly engineering projects. Kids will enjoy building, learning, and creating something new at each station with our fun and experienced mentors. All supplies provided.