text:
Tattoo and Body Piercings - Section B
Rule 5. Sanitary Operation of Tattoo Parlors (includes requirements for the sanitary operation of body piercing facilities)
Filed with the Secretary of State on June 30, 2000
Authority: Indiana Code 16-19-3
410 IAC 1-5-1 Applicability
Sec. 1. The definitions in this rule apply throughout this rule.
410 IAC 1-5-2 "Blood" defined
Sec. 2. "Blood" means human blood.
410 IAC 1-5-3 "Bloodborne pathogens" defined
Sec. 3. "Bloodborne pathogens" means pathogenic micro-organisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, the following:
410 IAC 1-5-3.5 "Body piercer" defined
Sec. 3.5. "Body piercer" means any person who performs body piercing on an individual.
410 IAC 1-5-3.6 "Body piercing" defined
Sec. 3.6. "Body piercing" means the perforation of any human body part other than ear lobe for the purpose of inserting jewelry or other decoration or for some other nonmedical purpose.
410 IAC 1-5-4 "Cleaned" defined
Sec. 4. "Cleaned" means removal of all visible dust, soil, or any other foreign material.
410 IAC 1-5-5 "Contaminated" defined
Sec. 5. "Contaminated" means the presence or reasonably anticipated presence of blood or OPIM on an item or surface.
410 IAC 1-5-6 "Decontaminated" defined
Sec. 6. "Decontaminated" means the use of physical or chemical means to remove, inactivate, or destroy bloodborne pathogens on a surface or item which does not require sterilization to the point where they are no longer capable of transmitting infectious particles and the surface or item is rendered safe for handling, use, or disposal.
410 IAC 1-5-7 "Department" defined
Sec. 7. "Department" means the Indiana state department of health.
410 IAC 1-5-7.5 "Facility" defined
Sec. 7.5. "Facility" means a tattoo parlor or a body piercing facility, or both, which is any room or space where tattooing or body piercing, or both, is provided or where the business of tattooing or body piercing, or both, is conducted.
410 IAC 1-5-8 "HBV" defined
Sec. 8. "HBV" means the hepatitis B virus.
410 IAC 1-5-9 "HCV" defined
Sec. 9. "HCV" means the hepatitis C virus.
410 IAC 1-5-9.5 "High level disinfection" defined
Sec. 9.5. "High level disinfection" means a process that destroys all micro-organisms, with the exception of high numbers of bacterial spores.
410 IAC 1-5-10 "HIV" defined
Sec. 10. "HIV" means the human immunodeficiency virus.
410 IAC 1-5-11 "Infectious waste" defined
Sec. 11. "Infectious waste" means waste that epidemiologic evidence indicates is capable of transmitting a dangerous communicable disease. Infectious waste includes, but is not limited to, the following:
(1) Contaminated sharps or contaminated objects that could potentially become contaminated sharps.
(2) Infectious biological cultures, infectious associated biologicals, and infectious agent stock.
(3) Pathological waste.
(4) Blood and blood products in liquid and semiliquid form.
(5) Carcasses, body parts, blood and body fluids in liquid and semiliquid form, and bedding of laboratory animals.
(6) Other waste that has been intermingled with infectious waste.
410 IAC 1-5-11.2 "Intermediate level disinfection" defined
Sec. 11.2. "Intermediate level disinfection" means a process that inactivates:
(1) Mycobacterium tuberculosis;
(2) vegetative bacteria;
(3) most viruses; and
(4) most fungi;
but does not necessarily kill bacterial spores.
410 IAC 1-5-11.5 "Operator" defined
Sec. 11.5. "Operator" means any person who controls, operates, manages, or owns any facility.
410 IAC 1-5-12 "Other potentially infectious materials" or "OPIM" defined
Sec. 12. "Other potentially infectious materials" or "OPIM" means the following:
(1) Human body fluids as follows:
(A) Semen.
(B) Vaginal secretions.
(C) Cerebrospinal fluid.
(D) Synovial fluid.
(E) Pleural fluid.
(F) Pericardial fluid.
(G) Peritoneal fluid.
(H) Amniotic fluid.
(I) Saliva in dental procedures.
(J) Any body fluid that is visibly contaminated with blood.
(K) All body fluids where it is difficult or impossible to differentiate between body fluids.(2) Any unfixed tissue or organ, other than intact skin, from a human, living or dead.
(3) HIV-containing cell or tissue cultures, and HIV or HBV-containing culture medium or other solutions, and blood, organs, or other tissues from experimental animals infected with HIV or HBV.
410 IAC 1-5-13 "Parenteral" defined
Sec. 13. "Parenteral" means piercing the mucous membranes or the skin barrier through such events as needlesticks, human bites, cuts, or abrasions.
410 IAC 1-5-14 "Personal protective equipment" defined
Sec. 14. "Personal protective equipment" means specialized clothing or equipment worn for protection against contact with blood or OPIM.
410 IAC 1-5-15 "Secure area" defined
Sec. 15. "Secure area" means an area that is designated and maintained to prevent the entry of unauthorized persons.
410 IAC 1-5-16 "Semiliquid blood, blood products" defined
Sec. 16. "Semiliquid blood, blood products" means blood, blood products that have intermediate fluid properties and are capable of flowing in a manner similar to liquid.
410 IAC 1-5-17 "Sterilize" defined
Sec. 17. "Sterilize" means the use of a physical or chemical procedure to destroy all microbial life, including highly resistant bacterial endospores.
410 IAC 1-5-18 "Store" defined
Sec. 18. "Store" means the containment of infectious waste in such a manner as not to constitute collection, treatment, transport, or disposal.
410 IAC 1-5-19 "Tattoo" defined
Sec. 19. "Tattoo" means:
(1) any indelible design, letter, scroll, figure, symbol, or other mark placed with the aid of needles or other instruments; or
(2) any design, letter, scroll, figure, or symbol done by scarring;
upon or under the skin.
410 IAC 1-5-20 "Tattoo artist" defined
Sec. 20. "Tattoo artist" means any person who provides a tattoo to an individual.
410 IAC 1-5-21 "Tattoo operator" defined (Repealed)
Sec. 21. (Repealed by Indiana State Department of Health; filed Jun 30, 2000, 4:10 p.m.: 23 IR 2714)
410 IAC 1-5-22 "Tattoo parlor" defined (Repealed)
Sec. 22. (Repealed by Indiana State Department of Health; filed Jun 30, 2000, 4:10 p.m.: 23 IR 2714)
410 IAC 1-5-23 "Universal precautions" defined
Sec. 23. "Universal precautions" means an approach to infection control in which all human blood and certain human body fluids are treated as if known to be infectious for HIV, HBV, HCV, and other bloodborne pathogens.
410 IAC 1-5-24 Operator training responsibilities
Sec. 24. An individual or entity that is an operator shall comply with the following training responsibilities:
(1) Ensure that the training described in the Indiana occupational safety and health administration's bloodborne pathogens standard (as found in 29 CFR 1910.1030) is provided to all tattoo artists and body piercers, anyone employed by the facility or anyone acting on behalf of the facility, who has a reasonably anticipated risk for skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with blood or OPIM.
(2) Ensure that training on the handling of infectious waste is provided to all tattoo artists and body piercers, or anyone employed by the facility or anyone acting on behalf of the facility who has a reasonably anticipated risk for skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with blood or OPIM.
(3) Ensure that a record of training described in subdivision (1) is maintained, as required under the Indiana occupational safety and health administration's bloodborne pathogens standard (as found in 29 CFR 1910.1030) of an individual's participation in the training that is provided. The record shall be made available to the department for inspection upon request.
(4) Ensure that a record of training described in subdivision (2) is maintained.
410 IAC 1-5-25 Operator responsibilities
Sec. 25. (a) The operator shall ensure that tattoo artists, body piercers, or anyone employed by the facility or anyone acting on behalf of the facility who has a reasonably anticipated risk for skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with blood have and use personal protective equipment and expendables needed to implement the precautions required by this rule and the Indiana occupational safety and health administration's bloodborne pathogens standard (as found in 29 CFR 1910.1030).
(b) The operator shall require tattoo artists and body piercers, anyone employed by the facility, or anyone acting on behalf of the facility who has a reasonably anticipated risk for skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with blood to provide evidence of compliance with the universal precautions education requirements contained in section 27 of this rule.
(c) The operator shall display a description of compliance with the requirements contained in subsection (d).
(d) The operator shall display written materials prepared or approved by the department explaining universal precautions and patrons' rights under this rule. These materials shall include information on how to report violations of universal precautions and shall include information regarding the department's duties to investigate.
410 IAC 1-5-26 Operator policies
Sec. 26. The operator shall develop a written policy in compliance with this rule and the requirements of the Indiana occupational safety and health administration's bloodborne pathogen standard (as found in 29 CFR 1910.1030) that:
(1) requires the use of universal precautions when performing tattooing or body piercing and any activity or duty that includes any reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with blood or OPIM;
(2) requires disinfection or sterilization of contaminated reusable items;
(3) includes the safe handling of infectious waste; and
(4) provides sanctions, including discipline and dismissal, if warranted, for failure to use universal precautions or handle infectious waste safely, or both.
410 IAC 1-5-27 Tattoo artist and body piercer minimum training and certification requirements
Sec. 27. (a) All tattoo artists, body piercers, anyone employed by the facility, and anyone acting on behalf of the facility, who has a reasonably anticipated risk for skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with blood or OPIM shall complete the training program that is required under the requirements of the Indiana occupational safety and health administration's bloodborne pathogen standard (as found in 29 CFR 1910.1030). The programs under this section shall be as follows:
(1) A bloodborne pathogen training session provided by the operator meeting the requirements under the Indiana occupational safety and health administration's bloodborne pathogens standard (as found in 29 CFR 1910.1030).
(2) Any bloodborne pathogen continuing education program provided by a health care agency.
(b) All tattoo artists, body piercers, anyone employed by the facility, and anyone acting on behalf of the facility, who has a reasonably anticipated risk for skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with blood or OPIM must be trained in the facility's policies on the handling of infectious waste.
410 IAC 1-5-28 Patron records
Sec. 28. Records of each patron shall be maintained by the operator for two (2) years. The record shall include the following, but not be limited to:
(1) Patron's name.
(2) Address.
(3) Age.
(4) Date tattooed or body pierced.
(5) Design of the tattoo.
(6) Location of the tattoo or body piercing on the patron's body.
(7) The name of the tattoo artist or body piercer who performed the work.
(8) Jewelry or other decoration used.
410 IAC 1-5-29 Illness
Sec. 29. Tattoo artists or body piercers who are experiencing symptoms of acute disease that include, but are not limited to:
(1) diarrhea;
(2) vomiting;
(3) fever;
(4) rash;
(5) productive cough;
(6) jaundice; or
(7) draining (or open) skin infections, boils, impetigo, or scabies;
shall refrain from providing tattoos or body piercing.
410 IAC 1-5-30 Handwashing
Sec. 30. (a) Handwashing facilities shall be readily accessible where tattooing or body piercing, or both, is provided.
(b) Hands shall be washed with soap and running water immediately before putting on gloves and after removal of gloves or other personal protective equipment.
(c) Only single-use towels shall be used.
410 IAC 1-5-31 Personal protective equipment
Sec. 31. Appropriate personal protective equipment shall be worn as follows:
(1) A clean protective clothing layer shall be worn whenever there is a reasonably anticipated risk of contamination of clothing by blood or OPIM.
(2) Masks in combination with eye protection devices, such as goggles or glasses with solid side shield, or chin length face shield, shall be worn whenever splashes, spray, splatter, or droplets of blood or OPIM may be generated and eye, nose, or mouth contamination can be reasonably anticipated.
(3) Disposable gloves, such as surgical or examination type, shall be worn during the tattooing or body piercing process. Gloves shall be changed and properly disposed of each time there is an interruption in the application of the tattoo or body piercing, when the gloves become torn or punctured, or whenever the ability to function as a barrier is compromised. Disposable gloves shall not be reused.
(4) Gloves shall be worn when decontaminating environmental surfaces and equipment.
410 IAC 1-5-32 Tattooing equipment
Sec. 32. (a) Only single-use razors shall be used to shave the area to be tattooed.
(b) All stencils shall be properly disposed of after a single use.
(c) If the design is drawn directly onto the skin, it shall be applied with a single-use article only.
410 IAC 1-5-33 Needles
Sec. 33. (a) Needles shall be individually packaged and sterilized prior to use.
(b) Needles shall be single-use only.
(c) Needles shall be discarded in sharps containers immediately after use.
(d) Contaminated needles shall not be bent or broken or otherwise manipulated by hand.
410 IAC 1-5-34 Reusable equipment
Sec. 34. (a) Heating procedures capable of sterilization must be used when heat stable, nondisposable equipment is sterilized.
(b) Equipment that is to be sterilized shall be put in single-use packaging.
(c) Records must be maintained to document the following:
(1) Duration of sterilization technique.
(2) Determination of effective sterility, such as use of a biological indicator, is performed monthly.
(3) Equipment is maintained as recommended by the owner's manual, and proof is available that the owner's manual recommendations are reviewed monthly.
(d) Reusable contaminated equipment shall not be stored or processed in a manner that requires any person to reach by hand into the containers where these sharp items have been placed.
(e) Reusable contaminated equipment shall be:
(1) placed in puncture-resistant containers;
(2) labeled with the biohazard symbol;
(3) leakproof on both sides and bottom; and
(4) stored in a manner that does not require reaching by hand into the container where the contaminated equipment is stored until cleaning prior to sterilization.
(f) Reusable contaminated equipment shall be effectively cleaned prior to sterilization or disinfection.
(g) Any reusable contaminated equipment that comes into direct contact, or is likely to come into direct contact, with an instrument that penetrates the skin other than a piercing gun shall be effectively cleaned and sterilized prior to use.
(h) All sterilized equipment shall not be removed from wrappers or sterilizer packaging until immediately prior to use.
(i) Any reusable equipment that comes into contact with mucus [sic., mucous] membranes shall be effectively cleaned and sterilized prior to use.
(j) Piercing guns shall be cleaned and undergo, at a minimum, high level disinfection after each use and whenever visibly contaminated.
(k) All reusable equipment that has contact with intact skin shall undergo, at a minimum, intermediate level disinfection.
(l) All other equipment used during the tattooing or body piercing procedure shall be single use, including corks.
(m) All body piercers and tattoo artists shall comply with all other equipment manufacturer's recommendations.
410 IAC 1-5-35 Dyes or pigments or other objects placed under the skin
Sec. 35. (a) All dyes or pigments used in tattooing shall be from professional suppliers specifically providing dyes or pigments for the tattooing of human skin.
(b) In preparing dyes or pigments to be used by tattoo artists, only nontoxic, sterile materials shall be used. Single-use or individual portions of dyes or pigments in clean, single-use containers shall be used for each patron.
(c) After tattooing, the remaining unused dye or pigment in single-use or individual containers shall be discarded along with the container.
(d) Any object placed under the skin shall be sterile.
410 IAC 1-5-36 Work environment
Sec. 36. (a) No tattooing or body piercing shall be conducted in any room used as living quarters or in any room that opens directly into living or sleeping quarters.
(b) Live animals shall be excluded from areas where tattooing or body piercing is being conducted. This exclusion does not apply to the following:
(1) Patrol dogs accompanying security or police officers.
(2) Guide dogs accompanying the following:
(A) Blind persons.
(B) Partially blind persons.
(C) Physically disabled persons.
(D) Guide dog trainers.
(E) Persons with impaired hearing.
(c) Eating, drinking, smoking, applying cosmetics, or handling contact lenses shall not be allowed in work areas where there is a likelihood of exposure to blood or OPIM.
(d) Food and drink shall not be kept in areas where there is a reasonably anticipated risk of exposure to blood or OPIM.
(e) All equipment and environmental surfaces shall be cleaned and disinfected after contact with blood or OPIM.
(f) Environmental surfaces and equipment not requiring sterilization that have been contaminated by blood shall be cleaned and disinfected.
(g) All work surfaces shall be:
(1) nonabsorbent;
(2) easily cleanable;
(3) smooth; and
(4) free of:
(A) breaks;
(B) open seams;
(C) cracks;
(D) chips;
(E) pits; and
(F) similar imperfections.
(h) Disinfectant solutions shall be:
(1) a hospital grade, tuberculocidal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) registered disinfectant; or
(2) sodium hypochlorite, five-tenths percent (0.5%) concentration, by volume (common household bleach in ten percent (10%) concentration in water); the solution shall be dated and shall not be used if it is more than twenty-four (24) hours old.
410 IAC 1-5-37 Infectious waste containment
Sec. 37. (a) Contaminated disposable needles or instruments shall be:
(1) stored in:
(A) leak-resistant; and
(B) puncture-resistant;
(2) tightly sealed to prevent expulsion;
(3) labeled with the biohazard symbol; and
(4) effectively treated in accordance with this rule prior to being stored in an unsecured area and sent for final disposal.
(b) Infectious wastes that are not contaminated sharps or objects that could potentially become contaminated sharps shall be placed in containers that meet the following requirements:
(1) Impervious to moisture.
(2) Sufficient strength and thickness to prevent expulsion.
(3) Secured to prevent leakage expulsion.
(4) Labeled with the biohazard symbol.
(5) Effectively treated in accordance with this rule prior to being placed in an unsecured area and sent for final disposal.
(c) If infectious waste is stored prior to final disposal, all persons subject to this rule shall store infectious waste in a secure area that:
(1) is locked or otherwise secured to eliminate access by or exposure to the general public;
(2) affords protection from adverse environmental conditions and vermin; and
(3) has a prominently displayed biohazard symbol.
(d) Infectious waste shall be stored in a manner that preserves the integrity of the container and is not conducive to rapid microbial growth and putrefaction.
(e) Disinfect reusable containers for infectious waste each time that they are emptied unless the surfaces of the reusable containers have been protected from contamination by disposable liners, bags, or other devices that are removed with the infectious waste.
410 IAC 1-5-38 Treatment and transport of infectious waste
Sec. 38. (a) All operators shall ensure that infectious waste is either treated on-site in accordance with this rule or transported off-site for treatment in accordance with this rule.
(b) A treatment is effective if it reduces the pathogenic qualities of infectious waste for safe handling, is designed for the specific waste involved, and is carried out in a manner consistent with this rule. Effective treatment may include:
(1) incineration in an incinerator designed to accommodate infectious waste;
(2) steam sterilization;
(3) chemical disinfection under circumstances where safe handling of the waste is assured;
(4) thermal inactivation;
(5) irradiation; or
(6) discharge in a sanitary sewer or septic system that is properly installed and operating in accordance with state and local laws.
(c) All persons subject to this rule shall:
(1) transport infectious waste in a manner that reasonably protects waste haulers and the public from contracting a dangerous communicable disease; and
(2) effectively treat infectious waste in accordance with this rule before it is compacted.
(d) The operator shall ensure that infectious waste, effectively treated or not is transported off-site in compliance with 410 IAC 1-3.
Page last updated: June 27, 2018
Page last reviewed: June 27, 2018


text:
What if you used to be really fit and now you're not? What if, as the years have gone by, you've added a couple of pounds here and there, and you suddenly notice you're 30 pounds heavier than you were at your 10th high school reunion? Or, what if you've never enjoyed the idea of exercising, exercise
Read more

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Estimated read time: 2-3 minutes
This archived news story is available only for your personal, non-commercial use. Information in the story may be outdated or superseded by additional information. Reading or replaying the story in its archived form does not constitute a republication of the story.
NEW YORK (AP) - A federal judge on Friday found that the National Security Agency's bulk collection of millions of Americans' telephone records is legal and a valuable part of the nation's arsenal to counter the threat of terrorism.
U.S. District Judge William Pauley said in a written opinion that the program "represents the government's counter-punch" to eliminate al-Qaida's terror network by connecting fragmented and fleeting communications.
In ruling, the judge noted the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks and how the phone data-collection system could have helped investigators connect the dots before the attacks occurred.
"The government learned from its mistake and adapted to confront a new enemy: a terror network capable of orchestrating attacks across the world. It launched a number of counter-measures, including a bulk telephony metadata collection program _ a wide net that could find and isolate gossamer contacts among suspected terrorists in an ocean of seemingly disconnected data," he said.
Pauley's decision contrasts with a ruling earlier this month by U.S. District Court Judge Richard Leon, who granted a preliminary injunction against the collecting of phone records of two men who had challenged the program. The Washington jurist said the program likely violates the U.S. Constitution's ban on unreasonable search.
Pauley dismissed a lawsuit brought by the American Civil Liberties Union. The ACLU did not immediately respond to a message for comment.
"We are pleased with the decision," Justice Department spokesman Peter Carr said.
In arguments before Pauley last month, an ACLU lawyer had argued that the government's interpretation of its authority under the Patriot Act was so broad that it could justify the mass collection of financial, health and even library records of innocent Americans without their knowledge. A government lawyer had countered that counterterrorism investigators wouldn't find most personal information useful.
The ACLU sued earlier this year after former NSA analyst Edward Snowden leaked details of the secret programs that critics say violate privacy rights. The NSA-run programs pick up millions of telephone and Internet records that are routed through American networks each day.
Associated Press writer Mark Sherman contributed to this report.
(Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)


text:
Reports To The Public
The general public may examine information from WOSU Public Media's public files by visiting our offices at 1800 N. Pearl Street in Columbus, Ohio or by sending a written request. More information about this process can be found by downloading the Public File Policy and Methodology document (PDF).
Television station profiles and the public inspection files are now maintained on the FCC's website for WOSU-TV.
WOSU has a policy statement (PDF) confirming that federal Community Service Grant expenditures are used for purposes allowed by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting.
If you need assistance accessing this public file information or would like to request copies of the annual financial reports, please contact us at 614.292-9678. WOSU Public Media's latest financial statement includes IRS Form 990 information.
The latest WOSU Public Media Community Report includes a review of WOSU content and services, plus an analysis about the reach and impact of those services during the past year.
2022 Local Content and Service Report to the Community
Equal Opportunity Employer
It is the policy of WOSU Public Media to provide equal employment opportunity to all qualified persons, and no person shall be discriminated against in employment because of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, disability, military status, citizenship, or any other legally protected status in accordance with applicable local, state, and federal law.
We shall establish, maintain, and carry out a positive continuing program of specific practices designed to ensure equal opportunity and nondiscrimination in every aspect of station employment policy and practice. FCC Form 396 Exhibit 3 – Narrative Statement
The FCC requires WOSU to retain records to document that the station has satisfied these requirements. WOSU Public Media does this in the form of an annual EEO report, created on June 1st of each year. The report includes a listing of all vacancies, the recruitment sources used to fill the vacancies, the number of candidates interviewed and other related information.
The FCC requires that these reports, which may be maintained in an electronic format, shall be placed in the stations' public file and retained until after grant of the renewal application for the license term during which the vacancy was filled. WOSU most recently filed for license renewal in 2021 and will do so again beginning in 2028.


text:
A service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
National Institutes of Health
'Fish Pedicure' a Recipe for Bacterial Infection, Researchers Warn
Health spa practice is highly unhealthy, study reports
Thursday, May 17, 2012
The practice of exposing your feet to live freshwater fish that eat away dead or damaged skin for mainly cosmetic reasons has been banned in many (but not all) American states, but it is apparently a hot trend in Britain.
So much so that the British researchers sent their warning in a letter published in the June issue of Emerging Infectious Diseases, a publication from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Officially known as "ichthyotherapy," the procedure typically involves the importation of what are called "doctor fish," a Eurasian river basin species known as "Garra rufa." The fish are placed in a spa tub, the foot (or even whole body) joins it, and the nautical feeding on dead or unwanted skin begins.
The problem: such fish may play host to a wide array of organisms and disease, some of which can provoke invasive soft-tissue infection in exposed humans and many of which are antibiotic-resistant, according to the scientists from the Center for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (CEFAS) in Weymouth.
In the letter, CEFAS team leader David W. Verner-Jeffreys referenced a 2011 survey that suggested the U.K. is now home to 279-plus "fish spas," with an estimated 15,000 to 20,000 fish coming into the country every week from a host of Asian countries.
Verner-Jeffreys noted that in April 2011, 6,000 fish imported from Indonesia for U.K. fish spas were affected by a disease outbreak that caused hemorrhaging of their gills, mouth and abdomen, resulting in the death of nearly all the specimens.
In turn, U.K. scientists uncovered signs of bacterial infection (caused by a pathogen called "S agalactiae") in the fishes' livers, kidneys and spleen.
Following this discovery, Verner-Jeffreys said, his team conducted five raids on imported fish batches coming through Heathrow Airport, which uncovered further signs of infection with a number of additional pathogens. Many of those were found to be resistant to such standard antimicrobial drugs as tetracycline, fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside.
"To date, there are only a limited number of reports of patients who might have been infected by this exposure route," Verner-Jeffreys said in his letter. "However, our study raises some concerns over the extent that these fish, or their transport water, might harbor potential zoonotic disease pathogens of clinical relevance."
At particularly high risk, the scientists said, were people already struggling with diabetes, liver disease and/or immune disorders.
Verner-Jeffreys suggested that spas offering fish pedicures use disease-free fish raised in controlled environments.
George A. O'Toole, a professor in the department of microbiology and immunology at the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth in Hanover, N.H., added his own concern.
" I would stay away from this experience," he said. "It's probably not feasible to sterilize these fish. And as for the water itself, even if you dump it between patients, these organisms will form rings of biofilm communities attached to the surface of the tubs themselves. It's like a contact lens case that you never disinfect. Simply wiping them down is not good enough. Unless you're incredibly responsible about sterilizing those tubs you're not going to kill them, and they will reseed the next batch of water. The whole thing is a bad idea."
Dr. Philip Tierno, director of clinical microbiology and pathology at New York University Medical Center in New York City, agreed.
"It's a bad idea in several ways," he said. "Because these pathogens can give you a serious wound infection. Or blood-borne infection. Or diarrhea. Or even pose a threat to a pregnant woman's fetus or newborn."
"Really, you have the potential for multiple types of infection," Tierno added. "Because theoretically when you're touching the area that has been nibbled on by these fish, you can still have the organisms there. And then you can inadvertently touch your mouth and introduce them into your system."
Copyright (c) 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved.
- More Health News on:
- Bacterial Infections
- Foot Health


text:
Mohito Refashion Frock Tutorial and Giveaway! CLOSED.
May 4, 2010
The finished look reminded me of something you'd wear while sipping a cool Mohito on the porch in the afternoon.
It also reminds me of these Modclothies, here and here.
My camera pooped out on me at the beginning of my process so unfortunately this tutorial is only text. But if you attempt this and have any questions, I'd be happy to answer them just leave a comment in this post.
Colored Elastic (white doesn't look finished)
Tank top
1. If your skirt is longer than just above your knee cut the top of the skirt so that the length falls at just above your knee.
If the length is fine, cut the top of the skirt anyway just so that the edges of the top are raw.
Also, you must be mindful of the waist. Since we are putting in elastic instead of a zipper be sure that the width of the skirt can fit over your hips. If not cut the skirt at the top until it does.
2. If there is a zipper rip it out with a seam ripper and then sew the seam back up.
3. Take your elastic band and wrap it around the smallest part of your waist. Make sure it is tight but also that I can also fit over your hips. Mark the place where you need to sew. Sew it, right sides together so that you have a full circle.
4. Now, take your elastic band and pin it to the skirt on the outside (sort of overtop the skirt), right side of elastic to right side of skirt. Do it the same way that I described for step 9 of the Maternity Pants Tutorial.
5. Sew to skirt.
6. Put on your tank top and skirt. Cut the tank top a half and inch down from the elastic.
7. Pin the tank top to the elastic the same way you pinned the elastic to the skirt in step 4.
8. You may need to shorten the straps when you're done because the skirt pulls on the ribbed tank.
Many of you said that you would like to enter more giveaways, but have various issues with linking. Of course, I want anyone that is interested in entering a giveaway to be able to do so.
Therefore, from now on, giveaways can be entered in three ways:
1) By linking (to your blog, facebook, myspace, or any other site)
2) By leaving a comment without a link or
3) By linking and leaving a comment (this will be worth 2 entries which will better your chances of winning). Find more info under the FAQ page.
If you are leaving a link just use the 'create a link' at the bottom of this post or simply creating a post on your blog and including this link.If you use blogger just use the "create a link" link at the bottom of this post. If you don't use blogger, that's fine too. Just create a link on your page as you normally would and I will see it using Technorati.
Create a Link
110 {comments}:
- KelsyC said...
I love this!!!
- May 4, 2010 at 1:48 PM
- Serena said...
So cute and summery and frugal!
- May 4, 2010 at 2:00 PM
- Unknown said...
Linked to my blog giveaway button.
- May 4, 2010 at 2:01 PM
- Unknown said...
I love this and totally want it!!! So great!
- May 4, 2010 at 2:01 PM
- Morgan said...
I'm in awe of the items you can create! Would love to win :)
- May 4, 2010 at 2:12 PM
- Deidre said...
By far my favorite item in your giveaways!!!! I HAVE to have it, or make it, one of the two! lol!
I also linked to my blog! - May 4, 2010 at 2:20 PM
- Marla said...
You are so dang talented! Love this!
- May 4, 2010 at 2:22 PM
that is too cute and seems easy to make! sadly, but sewing machine is currently out of commission.
http://fieldoflilleys.blogspot.com/ - May 4, 2010 at 2:29 PM
- Julie said...
Very cute! I love that skirt.
- May 4, 2010 at 2:32 PM
- Lindsay said...
What a great idea! I will have to add this to my project list :)
- May 4, 2010 at 2:37 PM
- B @ Sweet Limes said...
Adorable, and perfect for summer, though right now we're in the middle of ANOTHER snow storm.
- May 4, 2010 at 2:40 PM
- Erin said...
This is awesome... thanks for the tutorial!
- May 4, 2010 at 2:40 PM
- Monica said...
so adorable!
- May 4, 2010 at 2:45 PM
- Emily said...
Brilliant! I never find anything that good at thrift stores. Where do you find your colored elastic (not black)?
- May 4, 2010 at 2:45 PM
- Laurie Downey said...
I did this same thing a week ago with a tank top I'd gotten oil paint on. So fun to use things instead of throwing them away :)
Laurie - May 4, 2010 at 2:51 PM
- Thirteen Feathers said...
Beautiful! I love the way the blue looks with the brown.
I created a link as well... - May 4, 2010 at 3:09 PM
- Mindy said...
darling! And so inexpensive!
- May 4, 2010 at 3:29 PM
- Sarah M said...
It looks AWESOME! Love it!
Sarah M - May 4, 2010 at 3:31 PM
- Jo said...
What a cute dress! I love the skirt fabric. Thanks for the tutorial as well!
- May 4, 2010 at 3:38 PM
- nicbib said...
Wow! Beautiful!
- May 4, 2010 at 3:42 PM
- Lynne said...
I love it! I love blue and brown together. Thanks for the giveaway!
- May 4, 2010 at 3:42 PM
- brittany said...
this is so cute!
- May 4, 2010 at 3:42 PM
- Charlotte said...
Oh wow! I just made two dresses this way! But it never occurred to me to use colored elastic since the lame fabric stores in my area do not carry colored elastic. Just black & white. You are indeed right, it doesn't looked finished at all.... so I made a matching sash.
So cute! You have very impeccable taste. :) - May 4, 2010 at 3:50 PM
- Meridith Khan said...
Oh, darling! Love it!
- May 4, 2010 at 4:02 PM
- Unknown said...
So beautiful! I really need to start refashioning clothing...
- May 4, 2010 at 4:11 PM
- Unknown said...
That came out darling! Where do you find colored elastic? I've never seen anything but black and white.
- May 4, 2010 at 4:24 PM
- Amanda said...
Genius! It's so cute!
- May 4, 2010 at 4:34 PM
- Unknown said...
Very cute! Love it!
- May 4, 2010 at 4:35 PM
- Ave said...
Wow...That is great!! It looks expensive...
- May 4, 2010 at 5:27 PM
- Emilee said...
Adorable! I have a skirt that I am going to have to try this on.
email@example.com - May 4, 2010 at 5:31 PM
- Ashley said...
This is so cute. Would love to win this one!!
- May 4, 2010 at 6:24 PM
- Joanna said...
Verry cute!! I love the idea of buying something too big and taking it down!
godzilladoglove(at)gmail(dot)com - May 4, 2010 at 6:43 PM
- Unknown said...
Oh lovely!
- May 4, 2010 at 6:48 PM
- Meagan said...
I linked to your page as well! :) Hope I win ::crossing fingers::
- May 4, 2010 at 7:53 PM
- Meagan said...
I love this! What a great idea! :)
firstname.lastname@example.com - May 4, 2010 at 7:53 PM
- Mahana said...
By the way, saw you winning dress on Shabby Apple (though I will say I wish they were doing it in the green you had originally used!)
http://www.shabbyapple.com/p-613-champs-elysees.aspx - May 4, 2010 at 8:05 PM
- Elly said...
So lovely, and so easy! I really like the colored elastic idea, so that you're highlighting the waistband rather than hiding it. Must try!
- May 4, 2010 at 8:36 PM
A simple and lovely idea.
And I do so love that skirt.
Linked you on my blog! - May 4, 2010 at 9:38 PM
- The Sisters 4 say MORE is more said...
we love this! re-purposing thrift finds is one of our FAVORITE things!!!! we just linked you on our sidebar....super cute!
~selina (sis#1) - May 4, 2010 at 9:45 PM
- Tanner ♥ Chaya said...
I love this dress! It is so cute!
- May 4, 2010 at 9:57 PM
- Tanner ♥ Chaya said...
I facebooked about it!
- May 4, 2010 at 9:58 PM
- andreak said...
Love the big print on the skirt! You find such great deals.
- May 4, 2010 at 10:08 PM
- kristiyana shinta said...
woohoooww, you are fabulous :)
i will link this to my blog,,
give away button for mohito refashion frock tutorial and giveaway :)
just check it dear
kristiyanashinta.blogspot.com - May 4, 2010 at 10:09 PM
- kristiyana shinta said...
i want it
i want it :)
check your link on my blog kristiyanashinta.blogspot.com
when is the final dead line? - May 4, 2010 at 10:20 PM
- Andrea said...
so cute!
- May 4, 2010 at 11:19 PM
- Jinii said...
Yes please!!
- May 4, 2010 at 11:44 PM
- Erving Arashi said...
It looks fantastic! bravo!
- May 5, 2010 at 12:44 AM
- Mary Ella said...
This is great! I'll have to try it.
- May 5, 2010 at 12:52 AM
- Patti said...
This is just the cutest skirt!
- May 5, 2010 at 8:54 AM
Sooo cute!!
email@example.com - May 5, 2010 at 9:28 AM
- SVaRaDa said...
it´s lovely!!
- May 5, 2010 at 10:21 AM
- Sheryl and Ben said...
So cute! I love thrifting! You never know what you'll find.
- May 5, 2010 at 10:27 AM
- Unknown said...
Pretty! And I'm loving the red necklace with it! :)
- May 5, 2010 at 10:29 AM
- Hannah said...
ready for summer! love it!
- May 5, 2010 at 11:33 AM
- rosemaryschild said...
Thrift stores are where I look for fabric, minimal cost & yards of fabric to be altered!
- May 5, 2010 at 11:59 AM
- Astreia said...
On step 4. What exactly do you mean? I'm sorry.
4. Now, take your elastic band and pin it to the skirt on the outside (sort of overtop the skirt), right side of elastic to right side of skirt. Do it the same way that I described for step 9 of the Maternity Pants Tutorial.
What does the "overtop the skirt" mean? Is one part sticking past the other? Thanks. - May 5, 2010 at 3:10 PM
- Grosgrain said...
Check out this pic for what I'm describing: http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2633/3930905386_3c48316790.jpg
Picture the skirt instead of the pants.
If you're still confused, don't hesitate to ask again. - May 5, 2010 at 3:45 PM
- SLAgirl said...
- May 5, 2010 at 4:02 PM
- mariah said...
LOVELY! I also would like to know where you can find such pretty elastic!! :) thanks for the tut and giveaway! I hope I win!!!
- May 5, 2010 at 6:32 PM
- Clara said...
This is one adorable dress. I'm impressed by your talent -- so impressed, in fact, that I may actually learn to sew!
Clara - May 5, 2010 at 9:31 PM
- Unknown said...
What a cute dress!
- May 6, 2010 at 1:26 AM
- MrsHeeltoe said...
You have the best idea's and tutorials! Thank you.
- May 6, 2010 at 2:59 AM
- Heidi said...
so cute!
email@example.com - May 6, 2010 at 8:45 AM
- Zsanine said...
Where did you find the colored elastic?? It's so pretty!!!
- May 6, 2010 at 10:08 AM
- Julie said...
Simply awesome!
- May 6, 2010 at 12:43 PM
- Jen Talbot said...
Love Love Love this!
- May 6, 2010 at 3:37 PM
- Unknown said...
Love it, but where do you get your colored elastic? Please do tell! :)
- May 6, 2010 at 7:25 PM
- Unknown said...
I LOVE this!!!
- May 6, 2010 at 9:45 PM
- Kylar said...
I love this dress, it's so fun!! I'm wondering where you find that colored elastic? I've got a project I've been working on and can't find any around here? Thanks, you're so inspirational!
- May 7, 2010 at 5:43 PM
Totally adorable! It's inspired me to finally drag out this fabric that I just wasn't feeling as a dress and turn it into something like this...
- May 7, 2010 at 10:42 PM
- Kathrin said...
This is so great!!!
- May 10, 2010 at 12:21 PM
- kisieltruskawkowy said...
I love it!
- May 10, 2010 at 2:15 PM
- Melissa Thompson said...
So creative. Way to make something new for pennies. Gorgeous! I'm inspired!!!
- May 10, 2010 at 5:17 PM
- Aurora said...
Holy cow! I ALWAYS see super cute skirts in sizes that are way too big for me at the thrift stores, but I never ever thought to just resize them! Genius! And it is sooooooo cute! I'm definitely on a hunt now for a cute skirt and a tank top to make this! Thanks for the inspiration!
- May 10, 2010 at 6:09 PM
- Aurora said...
Oh and I definitely linked it to my facebook, because it is AMAZING!
- May 10, 2010 at 6:23 PM
- firstname.lastname@example.com said...
What a darling dress! I love it and hope I win. :) :)
- May 11, 2010 at 12:22 AM
- Unknown said...
lovely! i linked you in my blog.
means i have two entries?
thanks! :D - May 12, 2010 at 7:20 AM
- Lynn said...
cute~ looks comfy too. love it.
- May 12, 2010 at 11:36 AM
- Bunny B said...
I want this please! :)
- May 12, 2010 at 11:46 PM
- kelliemorgan said...
Great colors! Thanks so much.
firstname.lastname@example.com - May 13, 2010 at 2:56 PM
- Kandice said...
This is too cute! I wish I could go to the thrift store and have this much vision!
- May 13, 2010 at 8:57 PM
I love this dress!
- May 14, 2010 at 4:24 PM
- charity said...
Love love love the colors!
- May 17, 2010 at 12:24 PM
- The homebodies said...
So cute! I just used your tutorial/idea to help me make my own dress! (I credited you) You can see it here:
Thanks for sharing this! :)
Marissa@ homesweethomebodies.blogspot.com - May 18, 2010 at 6:32 PM
- Unknown said...
Gorgeous! You make it look so easy. Such a talent you have!
- May 18, 2010 at 7:00 PM
- natacha lee said...
Cool idea, I've added the page to my bookmarks and linked here: http://pioupioukids.blogspot.com/2010/05/cool-blog-mondays_19.html
- May 19, 2010 at 6:03 AM
- natacha lee said...
Cool idea, I've added the page to my bookmarks and linked here: http://pioupioukids.blogspot.com/2010/05/cool-blog-mondays_19.html
- May 19, 2010 at 6:03 AM
- ~Heather said...
This looks like the perfect summer dress!
- May 19, 2010 at 9:32 AM
- Allie said...
So cute! I've been meaning to make myself some darling summertime skirts, this is the perfect project!
etsy.com/shop/sewlopatterns - May 20, 2010 at 2:50 PM
- JuneBug said...
this is very cute, and makes me want to go check out my local Goodwill for reuse items!
- May 20, 2010 at 8:23 PM
- janssen designs said...
wonderful idea that I just had to try! here's my version: http://www.janssendesigns.com/2010/05/upcycled-dress-for-me.html
thanks! - May 21, 2010 at 3:21 PM
- Jess said...
This is such a pretty dress! I'm going to have to hit up my local sal army and make myself one!
- May 21, 2010 at 6:47 PM
- Beverly said...
yeay for warmer weather! I'm so looking forward to making new skirts. Love this one!
- May 22, 2010 at 12:38 PM
- Kristen Good said...
YAY! I love this dress! I want it! Which is why I linked to your blog from mine! :)
I actually found an old Goodwill skirt I have been meaning to fix up for years and a tank top that matches! I'm pretty sure that it will HAVE to be fixed up into a cute little dress like yours! :)
Just need to pick up some elastic at Joanns..... - May 24, 2010 at 2:58 PM
- Allison Przeslawski said...
I am e-n-t-e-r-i-n-g!!!!
*I hope I win this!*
Allison Elizabeth♥ - May 24, 2010 at 4:04 PM
- Kristen Good said...
I made my own today!! First time I've EVER made clothing without a pattern! Love it! I'll post pictures on the Flickr page later tonight!
www.anotherdayforever.blogspot.com - May 25, 2010 at 4:54 PM
- nietha said...
can I win just leave a comment?hopefully yes
- May 25, 2010 at 11:26 PM
- missavene said...
Beautiful! Thanks for the inspiration!
- May 26, 2010 at 9:15 AM
I love this dress and the colored elastic is a great simplifying idea! Thanks!!
- May 26, 2010 at 10:21 AM
- CMEH said...
this looks great... I am totally going to have to try this, I can't find summer dresses I like! THank you
- May 26, 2010 at 2:53 PM
- Lauren said...
How cute! I love the pattern along the edge of the skirt!
- May 26, 2010 at 9:18 PM
- Anna Banana said...
Oh my, I'm so going to make one after work.
Thank you thank you! - May 27, 2010 at 7:30 PM
- msilba said...
I love this, the perfect summer dress!
- May 27, 2010 at 7:39 PM
- Amber said...
I've been making dresses very similar to this - I'm about to post a tutorial on it, AND a giveaway - one of my followers will get a cute little summer tank dress :)
Come over and check it out!
http://rufflesandrosescrafts.blogspot.com - May 28, 2010 at 12:26 AM
- Unknown said...
This dress is adorable!
- Danielle
other-option AT hotmail DOT com - May 31, 2010 at 9:58 AM
- Bunbury said...
Thank you so much for this tutorial! I MADE ONE. So easy! So cheap.
- July 4, 2010 at 9:23 PM
- Lori said...
For everyone who has been searching in vain for colored elastic, I've finally found some! This ebay shop has 2 inch wide elastic in red, blue, and green. I ordered one of each for projects that do not currently exist....but it's always good to stock up, right? :)
http://stores.ebay.com/Mockingbird-Lane_Elastic-Stretchy-French-Lace_W0QQ_fsubZ12QQ_sidZ73152509QQ_trksidZp4634Q2ec0Q2em14?_trksid=p4634.c0.m14.l1513&_pgn=1 - July 17, 2010 at 7:57 PM
- Lori said...
(LOTS) more colorful elastic at this ebay shop!
I will stop flooding your comments with ebay links now. :) I've been searching everywhere for the elastic, so I'm excited about it.
Thanks so much for this post! I've had a pretty (expensive) Victoria's Secret skirt just hanging in my closet for the past 2 years because it's too big. I'm super excited to put a hot pink waistband on it and finally get to wear it! You rock. - July 18, 2010 at 12:40 AM
- Tammy said...
Just found this now - SO cute! Where do you get colored elastic? Or did you dye the elastic? Thank you in advance for any response.
- March 19, 2011 at 4:01 PM
- Unknown said...
Love it! thanks for sharing
- September 9, 2011 at 12:39 AM


text:
Patton SN4312 12 FXO Gateway
The Patton SN4312 is a 12-port FXO gateway that allows you to connect your VoIP phone system to up to 12 PSTN lines for local phone access or failover. The SN4312 has an RJ21 Telco connection so you need to use this gateway with an amphenol cable.
Patton SN4312 Overview
The SmartNode 4300 Series IpChannel Bank is the perfect business solution for applications requiring up to 32 concurrent analog voice/fax calls. Patton gateways transform any PBX system, analog call-center application, or ISP MDU service into a state-of-the-art packet-voice system without requiring costly equipment replacement or upgrades.
There are several models in the Patton 4300 series—ranging from up to 32 FXS or FXO ports. The SN4300 gateway supports key industry-standard VoIP signaling protocols such as SIP, H.323, and T.38 Fax Relay—plus fax-bypass and modem-bypass. This ensures interoperability with the leading soft switches and VoIP services.
Patton SN4312 Features:
- - 12 FXO ports presented on an RJ21 connection
- - DownStreamQoS™ , IEEE 802.1p, TOS, DiffServ labeling, IEEE 802.1Q, VLAN tag insertion/deletion (4096 VLAN IDs, multiple VLAN support)
- - Web/HTTP, CLI with local console and remote Telnet access, TFTP configuration & firmware loading, SNMP MIB II and product MIB, Secure auto-provisioning for both firmware and unit/subscriber configuration, Built-in diagnostic tools (trace, debug, call generator)
- - 2-wire Loopstart on 50pin (12 to 24 channels) Telco connector
- - Programmable impedance, ring detection, tone detection, disconnect supervision
- - Caller ID detection
- - SIPv2 H.323v4 (simultaneously with B2BUA capability)
- - SIP call transfer, redirect
- - DTMF in-band & out-of-band
- - 19in rackmountable chassis


text:
Scrambler 850 delivers rider mobility, control & comfort with a sculpted seat, wider floorboards & narrowed cockpit.
This is not an offer for credit and should be used for estimation purposes only based on the information you provided. You should not base your decision on this estimate alone. Title, registration, tax and other fees, and personal circumstances such as employment status and personal credit history, were not considered in the calculations.
Front / Rear - Single Lever 3-Wheel Hydraulic Disc with Hydraulic Rear Foot Brake
Parking - Park In-Transmission / Lockable Hand Lever
Engine Braking System (EBS) - Equipped
Front - 26 x 8 CST
Rear - 26 x 10 CST
Front - Dual A-Arm 9 in. (22.9 cm) Travel
Rear - Dual A-Arm, Rolled IRS, 10.25 in. (26 cm) Travel
1 Person Capacity
Front Rack - 25 lb. (11.3 kg)
Rear Rack - 50 lb. (22.7 kg)
Cargo System - Lock & Ride, 1 gal. (4 l) Rear Storage
Warning: ATVs can be hazardous to operate and are not intended for on-road use. Polaris adult models are for riders age 16 and older. For your safety, always wear a helmet, eye protection, and protective clothing, and be sure to take a safety training course. For information call 800-342-3764. Check local laws before riding on trails. ©2018 Polaris Industries Inc.
We are in the process of adding model data for all of the 2024 Polaris ATV and UTV models. We do everything we can to ensure that all of our information is correct; however, during the initial entry process we reserve the right to make additions, deletions or modifications to model specifications, features, images and prices displayed on this and any associated webpage at any time without prior notice. Please contact your local dealer to confirm all information.
Due to continued challenges across supplier networks as well as increasing logistics costs, product pricing, freight charges, specifications, and features are subject to change at any time without prior notice. Please confirm all information with your local dealership.
Images, where available, are presented as reasonable facsimiles of the offered unit and/or manufacturer stock images. Non-standard options or features may be represented. No guarantee of availability or inclusion of displayed options should be inferred; contact the dealer for more details.
Advertised prices exclude government fees and taxes, any finance charges, any dealer document preparation charge, freight and set up and any emission testing charge. Price may not include parts and/or accessories. Vehicles are subject to prior sale. Photos are for illustration purposes only. All advertised to be true but not guaranteed.
Images, where available, are presented as reasonable facsimiles of the offered unit and/or manufacturer stock images. Non-standard options or features may be represented. No guarantee of availability or inclusion of displayed options should be inferred; contact dealer for more details.


text:
American crime drama TV series "Breaking Bad" won big, including honours for the best drama series and best writing for a drama series at the 66th Annual Primetime Emmy Awards, held here Monday. Comedy show "Modern Family" also won multiple awards at the ceremony, hosted by Seth Meyers.
"Breaking Bad" revolves around a struggling high school chemistry teacher, who is diagnosed with inoperable lung cancer at the beginning of the series. It presents how he turns to a life of crime to secure his family's financial future.
The show's star Bryan Cranston bagged the Outstanding Lead Actor In A Drama Series Emmy. Aaron Paul, on the other hand, walked away with the Outstanding Supporting Actor In A Drama Series for his performance in the series. His co-star Anna Gunn too went home with Outstanding Supporting Actress In A Drama Series trophy.
"Modern Family" was feted for being an Outstanding Comedy Series, while Ty Burrell was given the trophy for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series for playing Phil Dunphy in the popular show, whose director Gail Mancuso bagged the Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series award at the extravaganza, held at the Nokia Theatre here.
The venue saw a star-studded presence of celebrities dressed in their best for the red carpet event, which was kept alive with Meyers' jokes. A special segment was 'In Memoriam', as part of which actor-filmmaker paid an emotional and befitting tribute to his "greatest friend", the late Robin Williams.
Prior to the tribute to Williams, pop star Sara Bareilles sang a touching rendition of "Smile" as the Emmy Awards acknowledged late celebrities James Avery, Maya Angelou, Lauren Bacall, Philip Seymour Hoffman, Casey Kasem, Don Pardo, Harold Ramis, Mickey Rooney, Elaine Stritch, Shirley Temple and more.
For Allison Janney, the Emmys night turned out to be a double whammy. She bagged an award for being an Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series in "Mom" and even as an Outstanding Guest Actress In A Drama Series for "Masters Of Sex".
In the category of performances in a mini-series and television movie, seasoned actors Benedict Cumberbatch and Jessica Lange won accolades for their Outstanding Performance as Lead Actor and Actress in "Sherlock: His Last Vow" and "American Horror Story: Coven" respectively.
The Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Mini-Series or movie honour was bagged by Kathy Bates for her role as Madame Delphine LaLaurie in "American Horror Story: Coven", while Martin Freeman walked away with the Outstanding Supporting Actor title for "Sherlock: His Last Vow", which also won the Outstanding Writing for a Mini-Series, Movie or a Dramatic Special for Steven Moffat.
In the Outstanding Directing for a Mini-Series, Movie or a Dramatic Special Category, Colin Bucksey received the trophy for "Fargo". "Fargo", a dark comedy-crime drama TV series, was named the best Mini-Series and "The Normal Heart", based on a play of the same name, got the award for the outstanding television movie.
"The Amazing Race" got the Outstanding Reality- Competition Program trophy. As far as the variety series were concerned, "The Colbert Report", which features political humorist Stephen Colbert giving satirical commentary on the big issues of the US, won two honours - the Outstanding Variety Series and Outstanding Writing in a Variety Series.
Sarah Silverman walked away with the award for Outstanding Writing for a Variety Special for "Sarah Silverman: We Are Miracles", and the Outstanding Directing for a Variety Special Honour went to Glenn Weiss for the 67th Annual Tony Awards.
In the Outstanding Directing for a Variety Series category, Don Roy King won for his work on 'Saturday Night Live', hosted by Jimmy Fallon. The Outstanding Variety Special Trophy was given to the team behind "AFI Life Achievement Award: A Tribute To Mel Brooks".
At the awards event, the presenters varied from musicians like Adam Levine and Gwen Stefani to Hollywood stars like Julia Roberts, Halle Berry and Matthew McConaughey, who was also nominated for Outstanding Lead Actor In A Drama Series.
Other TV star presenters included Zooey Deschanel, Hayden Panettiere and Jimmy Fallon, who was also announced as the winner of Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series.


text: The latest report on technology use in school districts is out. Findings indicate that educators are increasingly using Web 2.0 and collaborative technologies—and with positive results. However, district policies and plans are lagging behind in addressing the barriers to widespread and effective adoption of these tools in the classroom, including student safety, professional development, and technology support systems. This suggests that Web 2.0 use in schools is largely being driven from the bottom up and district leadership to bridge the gap between IT and curriculum is lacking. Research was conducted by IESD on behalf of Lightspeed Systems, netTrekker and Atomic Learning. More than 380 district technology directors were surveyed. Student safety and lack of teacher knowledge about how to use Web 2.0 effectively remain issues for many districts. The three companies partnered on a joint initiative to help schools using Web 2.0. They first surveyed school districts in 2009 on current status, future plans and ongoing Web 2.0 and collaborative technology challenges."While the survey results are promising, it also indicates areas of needed improvements to ensure school districts can meet the individual learning needs of the Net Generation," says Jay Sivin-Kachala, VP and lead researcher for IESD. Key findings from this year's survey, along with a comparison with results from the 2009 survey, are detailed in the report, "Digital Districts: Web 2.0 and Collaborative Technologies in U.S. Schools," available at www.digitaldistrictsurvey.com


text:
The Quimby Manuscripts, Phineas Parkhurst Quimby, ed. by Horatio W. Dresser [1921], at sacred-texts.com
IDEALLY speaking it is of secondary consequence where an original mind begins to investigate human life. What signifies is the searching thought which discloses real conditions, laws, the causes of our misery and the way to freedom. Such thinking is likely to be productive in high degree if it be concrete, adapted to the actual state of the world, without too much theorizing, with a view to direct benefits.
In Mr. Quimby's preliminary researches we find a capital instance. He began with a purely conventional point of view, defending in thought and attitude the prevailing medical practice of the day, and so he took the world as he found it. Moreover, he had a personal need. This is the way he states the situation he was in in an article already published in part in "The True History of Mental Science." 1
"Can a theory be found, capable of practice, which can separate truth from error? I undertake to say there is a method of reasoning which, being understood, can separate one from the other. Men never dispute about a fact that can be demonstrated by scientific reasoning. Controversies arise from some idea that has been turned into a false direction, leading to a false position. The basis of my reasoning is this point: that whatever is true to a person, if he cannot prove it, is not necessarily true to another. Therefore, because a person says a thing is no reason that he says true. The greatest evil that follows taking an opinion for a truth is disease. Let medical and religious opinions, which produce so vast an amount of misery, be tested by the rule I have laid down, and it will be seen how much they are founded in truth. For twenty years I have been testing them, and I have failed to find one single principle of truth in either. This is not from any prejudice against
the medical faculty, for, when I began to investigate the mind, I was entirely on that side. I was prejudiced in favor of the medical faculty; for I never employed any one outside of the regular faculty, nor took the least particle of quack medicine.
"Some thirty years ago I was very sick, and was considered fast wasting away with consumption. 1 At that time I became so low that it was with difficulty I could walk about. I was all the while under the allopathic practice, and I had taken so much calomel that my system was said to be poisoned with it; and I lost many of my teeth from that effect. My symptoms were those of any consumptive; and I had been told that my liver was affected and my kidneys were diseased, and that my lungs were nearly consumed. I believed all this, from the fact that I had all the symptoms, and could not resist the opinions of the physician while having the proof with me. In this state I was compelled to abandon my business; and, losing all hope, I gave up to die,—not that I thought the medical faculty had no wisdom, but that my case was one that could not be cured.
"Having an acquaintance who cured himself by riding horseback, I thought I would try riding in a carriage, as I was too weak to ride horseback. My horse was contrary; and once, when about two miles from home, he stopped at the foot of a long hill, and would not start except as I went by his side. So I was obliged to run nearly the whole distance. Having reached the top of the hill I got into the carriage; and, as I was very much exhausted, I concluded to sit there the balance of the day, if the horse did not start. Like all sickly and nervous people, I could not remain easy in that place; and, seeing a man ploughing, I waited till he had ploughed around a three-acre lot, and got within sound of my voice, when I asked him to start my horse. He did so, and at the time I was so weak I could scarcely lift my whip. But excitement took possession of my senses, and I drove the horse as fast as he could go, up hill and down, till I reached home; and, when I got into the stable, I felt as strong as I ever did."
Here, then, was a significant fact, this reaction produced
by excitement, suggesting that medical diagnosis was wrong. No other experience seems to have followed this one, and when Quimby began to experiment with mesmerism he still accepted the prevailing medical theories. So, too, he began by taking devotees of mesmerism at their own word, since that appeared to be the best way to learn the truth concerning their phenomena.
There are two reasons for bearing these facts in mind, first that we may note how far he travelled to the point where he lost all faith in the medical faculty and proposed a theory of disease of his own; second, because we can hardly understand the interests of his intermediate period unless we realize that he was still in process and had not at first wholly rejected the physical theory of disease. Some other investigation might have been as profitable to him. The point is that he learned so much from his mesmeric experiments that he gave them up forever, and in giving them up came to himself and found a new truth of incalculable benefit to humanity.
There is no reason for apologizing as if it were discreditable that Quimby was once a mesmerist and was known through his ability to "magnetize" a patient or hypnotic subject. There was nothing to be ashamed of in this procedure. The only unpardonable thing that has been said about him is that he was "an ignorant mesmerist" and that he remained so. Ignorant he was not by any means, and he ceased to be a mesmerist because he was exceptionally skilful, so acute in exercising his powers that he learned the limitations of all such experiments.
We have his own statement to the effect that when he began to investigate mesmerism he was still an entire believer in the medical science and practice of the day. We also have his own exposition of the experiences which led to his change in point of view. We have contemporary testimony to his exceptional powers and the impression produced by his public experiments. Then too we have the testimony of his son, George, associated with his father as secretary when the mesmeric experiments were things of the past. Finally, we have the direct information coming to us from those who were most intimately acquainted with Quimby's practice in his later years, from 1859 to 1866 in Portland.
In the account of his father's life published in the New England Magazine, George Quimby says,
"He had a very inventive mind, and was always interested in mechanics, philosophy and scientific subjects. During his middle life, he invented several devices on which he obtained letters patent. He was very argumentative, and always wanted proof of anything, rather than an accepted opinion. Anything which could be demonstrated he was ready to accept; but he would combat what could not be proved with all his energy, rather than admit it as a truth.
"With a mind of this combination, it is not strange that, when a gentleman visited Belfast, about the year 1838, and gave lectures and experiments in mesmerism, Mr. Quimby should feel deeply interested in the subject. Here was a new, to him at least, phenomenon; and he at once began to investigate the subject; and on every occasion when he could find a person who would allow him to try, he would endeavor to put him into a mesmeric sleep. He met with many failures, but occasionally would find a person whom he could influence.
"At that time Mr. Quimby was of medium height, small in stature, his weight about one hundred and twenty-five pounds, quick motioned and nervous, with piercing black eyes, black hair and whiskers; a well-shaped, well-balanced head; high, broad forehead, and a rather prominent nose, and a mouth indicating strength and firmness of will; persistent in what he undertook, and yet not easily defeated or discouraged.
"In the course of his trials with subjects, he met with a young man named Lucius Burkmar, over whom he had the most wonderful influence; and it is not stating it too strongly to assert that with him he made some of the most astonishing exhibitions of mesmerism and clairvoyance that have been given in modern times.
"At the beginning of these experiments, Mr. Quimby firmly believed that the phenomenon was the result of animal magnetism, and that electricity had more or less to do with it. Holding to this, he was never able to perform his experiments with satisfactory results when the 'conditions' were not right, as he believed they should be.
"For instance, during a thunder-storm his trials would prove failures. If he pointed the sharp end of a steel instrument at Lucius, he would start as if pricked with a pin; but when the blunt end was pointed toward him, he would remain unmoved.
"One evening, after making some experiments with excellent results, Mr. Quimby found that during the time of the tests there had been a severe thunder-storm, but, so interested was he in his experiments, he had not noticed it.
"This led him to further investigate the subject; and the results reached were that, instead of the subject being influenced by any atmospheric disturbance, the effects produced were brought about by the influence of one mind on another. From that time he could produce as good results during a storm as in pleasant weather, and could make his subject start by simply pointing a finger at him as well as by using a steel instrument.
"Mr. Quimby's manner of operating with his subject was to sit opposite to him, holding both his hands in his, and looking him intently in the eye for a short time, when the subject would go into the state known as the mesmeric sleep, which was more properly a peculiar condition of mind and body, in which the natural senses would, or would not, operate at the will of Mr. Quimby. When conducting his experiments, all communications of Mr. Quimby with Lucius were mentally given, the subject replying as if spoken to aloud.
"For several years, Mr. Quimby traveled with young Burkmar through Maine and New Brunswick, giving exhibitions, which at that time attracted much attention and secured notices through the columns of the newspapers.
"It should be remembered that at the time Mr. Quimby was giving these exhibitions . . . the phenomenon was looked upon in a far different light from that of the present day. At that time it was a deception, a fraud, a humbug; and Mr. Quimby was vilified and frequently threatened with mob violence, as the exhibitions smacked too strongly of witchcraft to suit the people.
"As the subject gained more prominence, thoughtful men began to investigate the matter, and Mr. Quimby was often called upon to have his subject examine the sick. He would put Lucius into the mesmeric state, and prescribe remedies for its cure. 1
"After a time Mr. Quimby became convinced that whenever the subject examined a patient his diagnosis of the case would be identical with what either the patient himself or some one present believed, instead of Lucius really looking into the patient, and giving the true condition of the organs; in fact, that he was reading the opinion of some one, rather than stating truth acquired by himself.
"Becoming firmly satisfied that this was the case, and having seen how one mind could influence another, and how much there was that had always been considered as true, but was merely some one's opinion, Mr. Quimby gave up his subject, Lucius, and began the developing of what is now known as mental healing, or curing disease through the mind . . .
"While engaged in his mesmeric experiments, Mr. Quimby became more and more convinced that disease was an error of the mind, and not a real thing. As the truths of his discovery began to develop, and grow in him, just in the same proportion did he begin to lose faith in the efficacy of mesmerism as a remedial agent in the cure of the sick; and after a few years he discarded it altogether.
"Instead of putting the patient into a mesmeric sleep, Mr. Quimby would sit by him; and, having given him a detailed account of what his troubles were, he would simply converse with him and explain the causes of the troubles, and thus change the mind of the patient . . ."
Despite the fact, however, that Lucius when in the mesmeric sleep would often read what was in the mind of the patient and diagnose the case according to opinions expressed by physicians, Lucius also discerned at other times the actual state of the body. That he possessed remarkable clairvoyant power in such cases is shown by experiments in which Lucius described events and things at a distance, when en rapport with the mind of some one in the audience who thought of some distant place which he wanted Lucius to visit. There is also documentary evidence to show that Lucius could accurately describe the condition of the body after death.
There was much to learn from these experiments, therefore, besides the significant fact that a patient would often feel in regard to his own body as medical diagnosis suggested that he feel. Lucius would sometimes prescribe a remedy
so simple or so absurd that Mr. Quimby saw there could be no virtue in the medicine. Plainly, both the disease and its cure must be explained on another basis. This we see clearly when we realize that Mr. Quimby himself experienced the benefits of the clairvoyant descriptions, thereby overcoming what had appeared to be threatening diseases, although the true explanation was not the one offered by Lucius.
In the article quoted from above, written when Mr. Quimby had developed and proved his theory of disease so that he could look back and understand the whole phenomenon, so new and at first so baffling in his mesmeric period, he says,
"When I commenced to mesmerise, I was not well, according to the medical science; but in my researches I found a remedy for my disease. Here was where I first discovered that mind was capable of being changed.
"Also that, disease being a deranged state of mind, the cause I found to exist in our belief. The evidence of this theory I found in myself; for, like all others, I had believed in medicine. Disease and its power over life, and its curability, are all embraced in our belief. Some believe in various remedies, and others believe that the spirits of the dead prescribe. I have no confidence in the virtue of either. I know that cures have been made in these ways. I do not deny them. But the principle on which they are done is the question to solve; for disease can be cured, with or without medicine, on but one principle. I have said I believed in the old practice and its medicines, the effects of which I had within myself; for, knowing no other way to account for the phenomena, I took it for granted that they were the result of medicine.
"With this mass of evidence staring me in the face, how could I doubt the old practice? Yet, in spite of all my prejudices, I had to yield to a stronger evidence than man's opinion, and discard the whole theory of medicine, practised by a class of men, some honest, some ignorant, some selfish, and all thinking that the world must be ruled by their opinions.
"Now for my particular experience. I had pains in the back, which, they said, were caused by my kidneys, which were partially consumed. I also was told that I had ulcers on my lungs. Tinder this belief, I was miserable enough to be of no account in the world. This was the state I was in when
[paragraph continues] I commenced to mesmerise. On one occasion, when I had my subject [Lucius] asleep, he described the pains I felt in my back (I had never dared to ask him to examine me, for I felt sure that my kidneys were nearly gone) and he placed his hand on the spot where I felt the pain. He then told me that my kidneys were in a very bad state, that one was half-consumed, and a piece three inches long had separated from it, and was only connected by a slender thread. This was what I believed to be true, for it agreed with what the doctors told me, and with what I had suffered; for I had not been free from pain for years. My common sense told me that no medicine would ever cure this trouble, and therefore I must suffer till death relieved me. But I asked him if there was any remedy. He replied, 'Yes, I can put the piece on so it will grow, and you will get well.' At this I was completely astonished, and knew not what to think. He immediately placed his hands upon me, and said he united the pieces so they would grow. The next day he said they had grown together, and from that day I never have experienced the least pain from them.
"Now what is the secret of the cure? I had not the least doubt but that I was as he had described; and, if he had said, as I expected that he would, that nothing could be done, I should have died in a year or so. But, when he said he could cure me in the way he proposed, I began to think: and I discovered that I had been deceived into a belief that made me sick. The absurdity of his remedies made me doubt the fact that my kidneys were diseased, for he said in two days they were as well as ever. If he saw the first condition, he also saw the last; for in both cases he said he could see. I concluded in the first instance that he read my thoughts, and when he said he could cure me he drew on his own mind; and his ideas were so absurd that the disease vanished by the absurdity of the cure. This was the first stumbling-block I found in the medical science. I soon ventured to let him examine me further, and in every case he would describe my feelings, but would vary the amount of disease; and his explanation and remedies always convinced me that I had no such disease, and that my troubles were of my own make.
"At this time I frequently visited the sick with Lucius, by invitation of the attending physician; and the boy examined the patient and told facts that would astonish everybody,
and yet every one of them was believed. For instance, he told a person affected as I had been, only worse, that his lungs looked like a honeycomb, and his liver was covered with ulcers. He then prescribed some simple herb tea, and the patient recovered; and the doctor believed the medicine cured him. But I believed that the doctor made the disease; and his faith in the boy made a change in the mind, and the cure followed. Instead of gaining confidence in the doctors, I was forced to the conclusion that their science is false. Man is made up of truth and belief; and, if he is deceived into a belief that he has, or is liable to have, a disease, the belief is catching, and the effect follows it. I have given the experience of my emancipation from this belief and from confidence in the doctors, so that it may open the eyes of those who stand where I was. I have risen from this belief; and I return to warn my brethren, lest, when they are disturbed, they shall get into this place of torment prepared by the medical faculty. Having suffered myself, I cannot take advantage of my fellow-men by introducing a new mode of curing disease and prescribing medicine. My theory exposes the hypocrisy of those who undertake to cure in that way. They make ten diseases to one cure, thus bringing a surplus of misery into the world, and shutting out a healthy state of society. They have a monopoly, and no theory that lessens disease can compete with them. When I cure, there is one disease the less; but not so when others cure, for the supply of sickness shows that there is more disease on hand than there ever was. Therefore, the labor for health is slow, and the manufacture of disease is greater. The newspapers teem with advertisements of remedies, showing that the supply of disease increases. My theory teaches man to manufacture health; and, when people go into this occupation, disease will diminish, and those who furnish disease and death will be few and scarce."
27:1 By Julius A. Dresser, 1887.
28:1 This statement was written in 1863.
31:1 These descriptions and the remedies prescribed were in accord with the medical practice of the day, as Mr. Quimby was not yet enlightened in regard to the mental factors of disease. The discovery on Mr. Quimby's part that mind was the chief consideration marked a turning-point in his thought. Ed.


text:
My Kids Are Weird
Weird. She called my kids weird. To. My. Face.
I suppose I should have taken offense but instead I smiled. I blame my response on Craig
Groeschel. Ever since I started reading Weird: Because Normal Isn't Working the way I think about the word has been transformed.
When she called my kids weird, because they are kind to each other. For the most part, they get along. They refer to each other as best friend. This just isn't normal.
Often in parenting our goal is to make our kids typical. We want them to fit in, get along with their classmates and generally be a superior reflection of their parents. Rarely do our goals extend to the way they treat their siblings. They are expected to be rivals - to be at their worst at home. You know kind of like their parents.
But what if we chose to parent differently? What if we chose to give our families our best and to expect our kids to do the same? Would people think we were weird? Probably.
Would some people think we're bad parents because our kids choose each other over their peers? Likely.
But would it be worth it? Definitely.
My kids are weird. I'll admit it. You might even think I'm the worst mom ever. But I really don't care...probably because I'm weird too.
What would you do if someone called your kids weird? Would you consider it a compliment or an insult?
3 comments:


text:
Common errors seen when using OUTER-JOIN
OUTER-JOIN is a very handy feature of SQL. But its value at solving certain classes of SQL query problems aside, it is also one of the most error prone Oracle SQL extensions we can put to use. Even advanced developers can make these mistakes. So let us discuss the error prone nature of this feature, and how to fix it.
For those who don't know what OUTER-JOIN is, here are our much over used friends DEPT and EMP with an illustration.
DEPTNO DNAME ---------- ---------- 1 Dept1 2 Dept2 EMPNO DEPTNO ENAME ---------- ---------- ---------- 111 PlainJane
select d.*,e.empno,e.ename from dept d,emp e where d.deptno=e.deptno; DEPTNO DNAME EMPNO ENAME ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 1 Dept1 11 PlainJane
select d.*,e.empno,e.ename from dept d,emp e where d.deptno=e.deptno(+); DEPTNO DNAME EMPNO ENAME ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 1 Dept1 11 PlainJane 2 Dept2
Please notice that query1 does not return any information about DEPT2. From the data in the tables, it should be obvious that DEPT2 could not find at least one row to match up with, when it joined across DEPTNO between DEPT and EMP. Because DEPT2 could not complete a full row during execution of this query, it did not return in the result set of the query. This is of course the normal behavior of SQL. But in the business community, what is technically correct is often not the result sought by those who pay the bills. In this case, when a manager commissions a report that shows Departments and the Employees that work in them, they usually want to see departments even when they have no employees. For this OUTER-JOIN was invented.
In query2 we see the "Old Style" Oracle syntax for OUTER-JOIN. It is the PLUS SIGN in parenthesis. This syntax was not actually invented by Oracle but rather some smart guy whose name escapes me at the moment. Oracle saw its value and was an early adopter of OUTER-JOIN but doing so required them to use a syntax before ANSI SQL COMMITTEE settled on one. The new and improved ANSI SQL is fine and all, some say even better, but being an old bird I tend to stick with old and proven ways till something makes me change. I will comment briefly at the end of this discussion on ANSI syntax of OUTER-JOIN.
The results from query2 show the effect of OUTER-JOIN. Analyzing the query a little, we call DEPT the Driving table and EMP the Destination or OUTER table in the join event. The little PLUS SIGN tells the query that for this join element, there may in fact be no hits. OUTER-JOIN thus does the following: Whenever the driving table (DEPT in our example) fails to find a match for a specific join element on the destination table (EMP in our example), make believe there was ONE match and fill in the destination items with nulls. Relative to our example: Any department that has no employees should make believe it has one employee with all empty fields. OUTER-JOIN allows DEPT2 to construct a completed row even though it has no employees, and thereby show up in the result set just with many of the data elements left blank.
There you have it, an effective solution for the need, in a simple idea. Ah, but there is the RUB. For just as the Universe has her rule of Increasing Entropy, so Computer Science has its rule of Increasing Complexity. That which starts simple tends not to stay simple for long but rather, will become more complex as more developers adopt it. OUTER-JOIN is no exception. Indeed, its deceiving simplicity aside, OUTER-JOIN is in fact one of the most error prone constructs available to us in SQL coding. Miscoding of OUTER-JOIN will usually show up as one of three common manifestations:
- the Half Baked Multi-Column Join,
- the Incomplete Join Trail,
- the Join Against a Constant.
Let us take a look at these three miscoding errors.
In the following text I am going to refrain from unnecessary sample data and table describes. If you have stuck with this discussion this far I am going to assume you have at least some understanding of SQL and or Relational Databases, and are therefore capable of constructing the necessary mental pictures in your head without the need for me to commit everything to paper. To this end I will be using meaningless column and table names, and I will present code example for clarification in a table below.
The Half Baked Multi-Column Join as the name suggests is a join between two tables where the join is a two or more column join. The mistake is simply that one of the join elements has the OUTER-JOIN construct and one does not. Because the join event has at least one join element missing the OUTER-JOIN construct, the join event can fail to produce a completed row for the same reason we saw in our DEPT/EMP example above. It will behave as if there was no OUTER-JOIN construct at all. The solution is to code the missing OUTER-JOIN construct.
The Incomplete Join Trail presents in situations where there is a chain of joins as one might see in a hierarchical set of tables. The error is that somewhere down the join chain the coder stopped using OUTER-JOIN. Once OUTER-JOIN begins, it is only good so long as a join chain utilizes OUTER-JOIN all the way down the chain. The solution is the code the missing OUTER-JOIN constructs.
The Join against a Constant involves a join event in which a constant is being compared to one of the columns. The error is that the OUTER-JOIN must also include the OUTER-JOIN construct in the constant test. Without it, the join can fail to complete a row. This is the most pervasive miscoding of OUTER-JOIN because the behavior of a constant test when considered as part of a join event of an OUTER-JOIN is different from its behavior when it stands alone. I have included a sample of this behavior difference with two seemingly semantically equivalent queries that are not equivalent because one uses a true join and one does not. The point being that OUTER-JOIN constructs only give meaning when they are actually being used in a join. The solution is as we have seen, to code the missing OUTER-JOIN constructs.
Miscoding Type | Wrong Coding | Right Coding |
Multi-Column Join |
select * from T1, T2 where T1.C1 = T2.C1(+) and T1.C2 = T2.C2; |
select * from T1, T2 where T1.C1 = T2.C1(+) and T1.C2 = T2.C2(+); |
Incomplete Join Trail |
select * from T1, T2, T3, T4 where T1.C1 = T2.C1(+) and T2.C2 = T3.C2(+) and T3.C3 = T4.C3; |
select * from T1, T2, T3, T4 where T1.C1 = T2.C1(+) and T2.C2 = T3.C2(+) and T3.C3 = T4.C3(+); |
Join to a Constant |
select * from T1, T2 where T1.C1 = T2.C1(+) and T1.C2 = 'Y'; |
select * from T1, T2 where T1.C1 = T2.C1(+) and T1.C2(+) = 'Y'; |
Behavioral Problems? |
select * from dept where 3 = deptno(+); no rows selected
select * from dept ,(select 3 c1 from dual) x where x.c1 = dept.deptno(+); DEPTNO DNAME C1
------- ------- ----------
So, whenever you come across OUTER-JOIN, be skeptical. For the more complex the code, the more likely it is you will see one of these miscoding errors. If you are coding your own OUTER-JOINS, double check you code to make sure you have not made one of these mistakes yourself. When if comes to OUTER-JOIN, its all to easy to make a mistake and the fix is quick if you catch it.
A note of Caution: Should you see one of these coding errors in your PL/SQL travels, stop to ask yourself one additional question: "What was the original intent?". Remember that when you fix the apparent coding error by adding in the missing OUTER-JOIN constructs, you will be changing the rows returned from the query. Thus it behooves you to find out if in fact these rows should be returned or not. It may be that the code you are "fixing" actually suffers from what we all know as CUT-AND-PASTE syndrome. The original author of the code may have simply cut and pasted a piece of code that is accepted as working, from somewhere else and not even looked at the fact the it had an OUTER-JOIN coding error. The point is, that you should know if an OUTER-JOIN is actually correct or not for the query you are changing. After all, it may be that the query has been running for some time and no one noticed it was missing any rows. So, to simply fix what looks like an error without doing the proper research is just asking to get your self in trouble.
A quick comment on the ANSI version of OUTER-JOIN: Here is an example of an ANSI coded OUTER-JOIN.
select dept.*,emp.* from dept left outer join emp on dept.deptno = emp.deptno DEPTNO DNAME EMPNO ENAME DEPTNO ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 1 Dept1 11 PlainJane 1 2 Dept2
Let us take note of two points:
- if we look closely at the syntax we see that ANSI syntax may be superior with respect to OUTER-JOIN over the more traditional Oracle syntax because the ON clause stipulates the join criteria. Thus it is not possible to code (I don't think), an OUTER-JOIN that exhibits the coding errors we have discussed without also coding and incorrect join. All the join elements must appear in the ON clause and therefore are inclusive to the OUTER-JOIN operation.
- On the other hand, ANSI syntax of OUTER-JOIN can be more confusing then the much simpler Oracle syntax, as there are multiple ways to code the same thing.
Consider this code snippet:
select dept.*,emp.* from emp right outer join dept on dept.deptno = emp.deptno DEPTNO DNAME EMPNO ENAME DEPTNO ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 1 Dept1 11 PlainJane 1 2 Dept2
Which leads to the question: "What is different between LEFT OUTER JOIN and RIGHT OUTER JOIN?". Well, seems like nothing other than to specify on which side of the expression lives the Driving table. So why then do we need both? The answer may be hiding somewhere in more complex join examples. The existence of the two variations may afford more flexibility in table order in the FROM clause but none the less this is not very intuitive for a language that was originally created as an intuitive language. Ah well, a discussion for another day.
For more information, go Google (or whatever you favorite search engine is these days).
About the Author: Kevin Meade is a 22-year veteran of Relational Databases in general and Oracle in particular. He is employed under many hats: Architect, Designer, Modeler, and Programmer and so is currently a contractor using the title of "Oracle Specialist" in the Finance and Insurance Industries. Married with two girls, likes to swim in his heated pool with his family, is addicted to Strategy Computer games, keeps a Saltwater Reef in his home, and brews his own dark beers (yum).
- Kevin Meade's blog
- Log in to post comments
Outer Joins and ANSI Syntax
Good article. As a fellow Oracle oldie (started out on 5.1B), I can appreciate the difficulty in using the ANSI syntax. A couple of years ago, I spent 9 months on a Sybase IQ project, which forced me to get familiar with the ANSI syntax, and I've never looked back. I force all of my developers to use ANSI syntax now. I used to think that all that talk of "more intuitive" etc. was rubbish, but I'm a convert now.
Also worth noting that ANSI syntax for outer joins offers additional functionality:
- No more "ORA-01417: a table may be outer joined to at most one other table". You can multi-column outer-join to as many tables as you want.
- Full Outer Join
I suspect that Right Outer Join is included for ANSI compliance. It is (perhaps) more relevant to databases where FROM clause order is important to the optimizer.
- Log in to post comments
Thanks for the info
Oh Yes, Oracle 5.1. The first version to run on the Windows PC. Large shoe-box of 82 floppy disks as I recall, and 6 hours to install on a lowley 286 with 1.5mb of memory. Much thanks for you comments on ANSI syntax. I feel at times I am missing something by not making more of an effort to adopt it fully. If you find some time, send along an example of where it makes sense to outer-join to more than one table (aka. ora-01417).
- Log in to post comments
Help: Join to a Constant
I'm looking at your "Join to a Constant" example and thinking that the "Wrong Coding" code fits the following query: list all female employees and their departments even when they aren't in a department. Perhaps the example should have been:
select * from T1, T2 where T1.C1 = T2.C1(+) and T2.C2 = 'Y'; -- note 'T2' not 'T1'
If not, can you please elaborate? Thank you.
- Log in to post comments
you are right, I just noticed this today myself
You are correct, congratulations, you win the 10$; give me your address. Sorry for the delay, been on vacation for 5 weeks. Yep, there was a miscoding in the miscoding as it were.
select *
from T1, T2
where T1.C1 = T2.C1(+)
and T1.C2 = 'Y';
should have read as:
select *
from T1, T2
where T1.C1 = T2.C1(+)
and T2.C2 = 'Y';
and the fix as:
select *
from T1, T2
where T1.C1 = T2.C1(+)
and T2.C2(+) = 'Y';
Thanks for pointing out the mistake. I just noticed it tonight myself. Kevin
- Log in to post comments
Using ANSI Joins
I'll give you kudos for a good article as well. I've just started using the ANSI JOIN Syntax and it appears to me to be less problematic and clearer (assuming you are at Oracle Version 9 or above).
I especially like the fact that you can clearly state multiple types of joins. For instance:
SELECT J1.Data_ID, J1.Data_DATE as J1_Date, J1.Data_Hour as J1_Hour, J2.Data_DATE as J2_Date, J2.Data_Hour as J2_Hour, J1.Data_VALUE as J1_Data_Value, J2.Data_VALUE as J2_Data_Value FROM Z_JOIN_1 J1 FULL OUTER JOIN Z_JOIN_2 J2 ON ( J1.Data_ID = J2.Data_ID AND J1.Data_Date = To_Date('20041012', 'YYYYMMDD') AND J1.Data_Date = J2.Data_Date AND J1.Data_Hour = J2.Data_Hour) JOIN Z_JOIN_3 J3 ON ( J3.TBL_ID = 1 AND J3.Data_ID = J1.Data_ID)
- Log in to post comments
Writing outer join queries
Hi Kev,
Your article is great. Still I find it difficult ot write outer join queries when they involve many tables (5,6,7) and joins are on multiple columns. Can you please explain me with some solid example so that my concepts for handling such problem becomes crystal clear. Also if you can point out some good online reading material for this that will be great.
Thanks in advance.
- Log in to post comments
Eg: for scenario where FULL OUTER JOIN is required
Please check out this link, for an example, where a FULL OUTER JOIN is required:
- Log in to post comments
ANSI-join syntax
In the Oracle coding standard I drafted for my team, I mandate the use of the ANSI-join syntax for all queries (not just outer joins). People grumble at first, but, after a few weeks, most of them agree that it improves readability and reduces bugs.
- Log in to post comments
Help Me
What is the main use of Sub Queries and Inline Queries?
- Log in to post comments
well put-together outer-join Explanation
Hi Kevin,
nice outer-joins gotchas you put together,
but i have a question on this one:
select *
from T1, T2
where T1.C1 = T2.C1(+)
and T2.C2(+) = 'Y';
according to another popular Oracle Expert: Tom Kyte,
i think both of the outer(+) joins from above should be removed;
what do you think about this?
Quote from this thread:
Anytime -- anytime -- you see:
where t1.x = t2.x(+)
and t2.any_column = any_value
Because if we
"make up a NULL row for t2"
then we KNOW that t2.any_column can not be equal to any_value (it is NULL after all)
- Log in to post comments
Hi Kevin, Thanks for your
Hi Kevin,
Thanks for your follow-up and my Apologies,
Tom's Rule doesn't seem to apply in this case.
Tom's Outer-Join Rule applies on the Second predicate without an Outer-Join:
that is:
where t1.x = t2.x(+)
and t2.any_column = any_value
and not!
where t1.x = t2.x(+)
and t2.any_column(+) = any_value
I also did some Tests with sqlplus:
create table t1 ( c1 varchar2(100) , c2 varchar2(100) );
create table t2 ( c1 varchar2(100) , c2 varchar2(100) );
insert into t1 ( c1, c2) values ( 'X', 'U');
insert into t1 ( c1, c2) values ( 'Z', 'check' );
insert into t1 ( c1, c2) values ( 't1c1_nomatch', 't1c2_nomatch' );
insert into t2 ( c1, c2) values ( 'Y', 'T');
insert into t2 ( c1, c2) values ( 'X', 'Y' );
insert into t2 ( c1, c2) values ( 'Z', 'Y' );
insert into t2 ( c1, c2) values ( 'no_match_t2c1', 'Y' );
col c1 format a15
col c2 format a15
col t1c1 format a15
col t1c2 format a15
col t2c2 format a15
col t2c1 format a15
SQL> select * from t1 ;
--------------- ---------------
Z check
t1c1_nomatch t1c2_nomatch
SQL> select * from t2 ;
--------------- ---------------
no_match_t2c1 Y
SQL> select t1.c1 t1c1,t1.c2 t1c2 , t2.c1 t2c1 , t2.c2 t2c2
2 from T1, T2
3 where T1.C1 = T2.C1(+)
4 and T2.C2 = 'Y';
--------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------
Z check Z Y
SQL> select t1.c1 t1c1,t1.c2 t1c2 , t2.c1 t2c1 , t2.c2 t2c2
2 from T1, T2
3 where T1.C1 = T2.C1(+)
4 and T2.C2(+) = 'Y';
--------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------
Z check Z Y
t1c1_nomatch t1c2_nomatch
>>>>To summarize<<<<<<
1. The Next two Queries always return the same Results
and the outer-join there can be removed ( Tom's Rule )
select t1.c1 t1c1,t1.c2 t1c2 , t2.c1 t2c1 , t2.c2 t2c2
from T1, T2
where T1.C1 = T2.C1(+)
and T2.C2 = 'Y';
select t1.c1 t1c1,t1.c2 t1c2 , t2.c1 t2c1 , t2.c2 t2c2
from T1, T2
where T1.C1 = T2.C1
and T2.C2 = 'Y';
2.One has to be careful in the whole process of finishing the Outer-Joins: Result-Sets might change:
For example finishing the outer-join from above i might get to this:
select t1.c1 t1c1,t1.c2 t1c2 , t2.c1 t2c1 , t2.c2 t2c2
from T1, T2
where T1.C1 = T2.C1(+)
and T2.C2(+) = 'Y';
which gives more rows than the original Query.
- Log in to post comments
Table1 outer join(table2 inner join table3)
Hi Kevin,
I need a join condition for "table1 outer join(table2 inner join table3)"
Can I achieve this condition using oracle outer join syntax? For example:
select t1.id,t1.name,t2.email,t2.num, t3.batch from table1 t1,table2 t2,table3 t3 where t1.id = t2.id(+) and t2.email(+) = 'sub' and t2.num(+) is not null and t2.id = t3.rollno(+)
Here I need inner join condition for t2.id = t3.rollno.
But, if I don't use (+) in this condition, it behaves as table2 is also an inner join.
Thanks in advance.
- Log in to post comments
Very well written article...
Very nicely written article! Thanks for sharing your experience...
- Log in to post comments