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The Fate of the Evangelical Movement
One of the hot topics of the moment seems to be speculation on the ultimate fate of the evangelical movement. Mark Spenser believes, among other things, that evangelicalism "is going to decline quickly to a smaller, more chastened, more diverse, less influential form" and that "Megachurch evangelicalism will survive on size, not fidelity to the Gospel."
As Mark Galli, senior managing editor of Christianity Today points out this somewhat depends on what is meant by Evangelicalism. If evangelicalism is seen as a cultural or sociological movement than its ultimate decline is certain. On the other hand if it is seen as a primarily theological movement than "Evangelicalism as such will no more collapse than will the ubiquity of sin and the longing for salvation."
In all this speculation it is important to keep in mind two things. The first is that change is inevitable. Even a quick glance at the history of the Church will show that it has undergone a great deal of change over the centuries. While with the clarity of our current beliefs, it is easy to look back at the 'errors' and 'follies' of Christians in the past and ask questions such as: how could they believe that?; or how could they do that? It should be equally sobering to realize that should Christ tarry long enough, there will be Christians in the future who look back on the evangelical movement and ask those very same questions.
The change comes from a number of factors. Galli is right when he points out that "Like any movement, religious or not, evangelicalism has become embedded in certain aspects of its culture." While we are not of this world we are in it, and try as we might, it does affect us and how we look at things.
For example, I think there can be little doubt that should Christ tarry, the church is on the cusp of a major and significant change the ramifications of which will be huge, but as yet unknown. Why? Very simple: the growth of technology. If you were to take a Christian from just about any period of Church history and drop them into the average modern church, while there would be a lot of things they found strange, there would be many things they found the same, in particular how our primary connection to the faith community is through the local church.
I am not predicting that the local church as an institution will cease to exist, though I would not rule it out. The primary reason for the local church is to give Christians a means of coming together to worship, learn about, and serve the Lord. Until very recently how else would you do it? With the advent of radio and TV, it suddenly became possible for people to participate, at least to some extent, in Church services without having to actually go to church. But the key weakness of radio and TV is that they are passive and one way. This was a huge weakness. But it is not like the local church likewise did not have weaknesses. After all a common meeting point does allow people to fellowship together, but only when they get together, and for most that was only a couple of hours a week.
Now we have new technologies such as cell phones, instant messaging and the internet . There are now so many ways of sharing information and staying connected and few if any have any idea how this will affect the church and the way people worship. There are people who live in other states, to whom I am far closer and have far more contact with than anyone at my church, because church is still a far more a limited style of communication that requires my physical presents.
So how will the church change as it comes to embrace these new technologies? While we do not know all the details a few things are sure. These emerging technologies will bring a lot of change, a lot of benefits, a lot of challenges, and some real dangers.
To give just one example, with the current technologies it would be possible to set up a service that allowed your accountability partner to know where you are and to be notified if you went someplace you shouldn't. Such information given to a close and trusted friend, one whom you had asked to help you resist the temptations you struggled with could be a tremendous aid and benefit. However the same information given as a requirement of the church would itself be a huge temptation to abuse and thus a source of real danger.
While changes is thus inevitable , the second thing to keep in mind is that God is in control. Again looking at church history we see that the Holy Spirit breathes life into new movements and they grow. But when they calcify and stagnate, sometimes God brings renewed life, sometime he just starts something new. Whether evangelicalism will continue to grow or collapse, will ultimately be determined by how responsive evangelicals themselves are to the leading of the Holy Spirit. e.
This is Elgin Hushbeck, asking you to Consider Christianity: a Faith Based on Fact.


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Peter Lassally is known as "the host whisperer." If you've ever watched a late night show with an opening monologue, a couch and guests bouncing off each other, then you've seen his work — he practically invented the form.
Lassally produced The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson for 23 years. He also produced Late Night with David Letterman and The Arthur Godfrey Show, which dominated broadcasting in the early 1950s. Now, at 79, he's executive producer of The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson, which begins its ninth season on Monday.
Lassally has been known to counsel comedians, including Garry Shandling and Jon Stewart, on how a comic, who delivers punch lines, becomes a good host, who gives punch lines to others.
"Being a comedian does not make you a talk show host by any means," Lassally says. "It takes a lot more than that. It helps, possibly, in that you think funny; but doing a standup routine and hosting an interview program are two completely different things."
'Don't Be Too Scottish'
Scottish comic Craig Ferguson became host of The Late Late Show after a round of comedians, actors and talk show personalities auditioned on-air. Lassally says he had two big concerns when it came to hiring Ferguson: First, he was Scottish and not homebred, and, second, he had a strong accent that Lassally sometimes had trouble understanding.
"I was really, really concerned about it," he says. "Turns out, people think it's charming, his accent. My reaction was, 'I have no idea what you just said.' So I was very concerned about that and I shouldn't have been."
When African-American comic D.L. Hughley, who guest hosted The Late Late Show for a week, asked Lassally for advice, he told him the same thing he'd told Ferguson: "Don't be too Scottish." In other words, don't just rely on ethnicity, an accent or personal identity; be a surrogate for the audience.
According to comic Shandling, "One of Peter's real strengths is getting the host to understand how to listen, how to ask the questions that an audience might want to hear, and to listen to the answer and to not be thinking ahead with the joke."
From Nazi Camps To The Rockettes
Lassally's background is tragic and enthralling. He was born into a Jewish family who fled Hamburg, Germany, in the late 1930s and wound up in Amsterdam, where he went to grade school with Anne Frank. He offers an unvarnished observation about Frank, something that could perhaps only come from a concentration camp survivor: "She was not popular. Other girls did not like her. You know, she was a bit of a loner."
The Nazis eventually sent Lassally and his family to the Westerbork camp in the Netherlands, and then to Theresienstadt in Czechoslovakia, a kind of show camp used for Nazi propaganda.
"That was a very strange place," Lassally says of Theresienstadt. "That's where the Nazis fixed up the camp with all sorts of phony, wonderful decor, and invited the Red Cross to come and visit and see what wonderful things they were doing."
But the reality of Theresienstadt was quite different. Lassally's sister, for example, was part of a group charged with building gas chambers. "It was a hard time for all of us," he says.
Lassally's family came to the U.S. in 1947 and by the early '50s he was an usher at Radio City Music Hall in New York and a page at NBC, alongside Regis Philbin. He had gone from the camps to watching The Rockettes.
Likeability: The X Factor In Late Night
According to Lassally, if his background had anything to do with him seeking out a career in laughter, it was subconscious.
"I've always been drawn to comics," he says. "I love finding fresh comics, which is harder and harder every year."
The demise of so many comedy clubs and the rise of the Internet have made it harder for comics to develop. It's also encouraged many to imitate already successful acts.
"The gift that I keep looking for in people, whether they're hosts or guests, is likeability," he says. "I don't care if you have the No. 1 record or the No. 1 movie; if you're not likeable, I'd rather not put you on because I don't think the audience will stay up."
But there's also something to be said for experience. Lassally recalls the process of auditioning hosts of all ages for The Late Late Show:
"The problem with a young host or a young guest ... [is] they haven't lived long enough to have thoughts of their own and experiences they can use. If you book people from, let's say the Fox sitcoms, they may be very popular and successful, but they have nothing interesting to say. So, yes, I think age certainly helps in giving you something to talk about that might be more interesting."
Age certainly hasn't held Lassally back. Years ago, the producer worked with The Daily Show's Jon Stewart when he guest hosted The Late Late Show. Today, Stewart remains a fan and friend.
"In this business, you are not accustomed to spending a great deal of time around people with a lot of integrity and warmth and honesty," Stewart says. "So when you do, you are somewhat drawn to it, and that's what [Lassally] has in an effortless way."
In an age with so many competing late shows that some have begun to rely on scripted bits, Lassally says he still works for unscripted spontaneity
"I'm still in the game," he says, "and I'll probably continue to do it until I get to be completely senile."
Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.

subset: commoncrawl


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Europe has re-opened most of its airspace, as airlines struggle to clear a massive backlog of passengers stranded since last week when volcanic ash brought air traffic on the continent to a standstill.
Europe's air traffic control agency, Eurocontrol, says it expected to operate at least 28,000 flights Thursday.
However, some disruptions continued - most of them briefly - in northern Europe as shifting winds sent a new wave of ash over parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland and northern Scotland.
Thousands of passengers who had been stuck in airports and hotels Wednesday were crammed onto flights as airlines tried to expand capacity. Eurocontrol said the volcanic ash from Iceland caused about 95,000 flight cancellations in the past week.
The International Air Transport Association called the cancellations "devastating," saying they cost the airline industry almost $2 billion.
The group's chief, Giovanni Bisignani, urged governments to look at ways to compensate airlines for their losses.
Two major European travel agencies - Thomas Cook and TUI - criticized the British government for shutting down its airspace.
But Britain's Civil Aviation Authority said the main barrier to resuming flights had been determining how much ash aircraft could tolerate. Scientists said flying thorough volcanic ash could cause jet engines to stop in mid-flight.
Some information for this report was provided by AFP and AP.


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Date: 7th – 8th of April 2018
Place: Softball stadium Princ Zagreb (Jarun)
Food & drinks: on the field with reasonable prices
Umpires: we will provide our umpires, but if you have yours, we would be glad to put them on the plate…
Payment: 100 Euros (to cover balls, umpires, scorekeepers and the field) or 180 euros for games and food (Saturday: lunch & Sunday: lunch for 15 people) / If you dont have a team, and you want to compete, we will find you a team to play in. 10 Euro is participation, or 18 euro for games and food (Saturday: lunch, Sunday: lunch included)
Teams that usually come are from Serbia (2 teams), Slovenia, Italy, Denmark, Hungary, Bulgaria.
Schedule: available after closure registration
About tournament
Last 9 years SOFTBALL CLUB PRINC hosted international club tournament ForEVER FASTPITCH. This year we would like to invite you to the eight international club tournament in Zagreb.
It's open to all teams that are interested to play higher level games.
We hope to have a good competition for your team since we invited teams from Great Britain, Italy, Denmark, Slovakia, Slovenia, Austria.. and of course host team Princ Zagreb. Every team will play at least 4 Games, most teams will have 5 Games. (Depending on the outcome of 1st Round robin and number of teams).
Because we want for girls to play as much as possible we think about starting the tournament on Friday afternoon, depending on weather and if there will be teams available to play on Friday. That would give us space for longer/more games…
We always try to make the tournament a big fun deal with the idea of sportsmanship and friendship, and also have a good level of play at the tournament.
We can offer to help about accommodation, so we have listed links to all hostels in Zagreb:
HOTELS http://www.zagreb-touristinfo.hr/
TENTS ON THE FIELD – If you want you can bring your own tents, and sleep on the field, you would be inside of our Softball center. We can provide you with showers inside our clubhouse.
Bed – 10 eur (75 kn) / person per night
Bed & breakfast – 13 eur (98 kn) / person per night
free wi – fi
Location: 15 min by car to Jarun, 15 min by car to center / 6 km from Jarun
email: firstname.lastname@example.com
1/8– 10 euro (75kuna )
1/6 – 10 euro (75 kuna)
1/4 – 12 euro (85 kuna)
free wi – fi
Location: center of the city
10 km from Jarun
Phone: +385 95 4444012
email: firstname.lastname@example.com
If you choose this hostel let them know that you are attending our tournament.
Any questions?
Just give me a call, send me an e-mail or contact me any way you want.
Hope to see you in Croatia…
Petra Čizmić Pokrajac
Contact person: Petra Čizmić Pokrajac, general secretary
email@example.com / phone +385 91 519 8900
FB: Softball klub Princ


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British Royalty - Royal Delivery
Royal Delivery
The world watches and welcomes Prince William and Catherine's first born, a boy named George Alexander Louis.
Related Links |
Catherine, Duchess of Cambrdige and Prince William, 2014
Source: Neilson Barnard/POOL PHOTO/ASSOCIATED PRESS
On July 22, 2013, Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge, gave birth to a baby boy named George Alexander Louis. The baby was born at 4:24 p.m. and weighed 8 pounds 6 ounces. Catherine gave birth in the private Lindo Wing of St. Mary's Hospital in London, the same place where Prince William was born.
Public Announcement
News of the birth came via public announcement in a formal bulletin. The bulletin was signed by medical staff and sent to Buckingham Palace in a car, escorted by police. At Buckingham Palace, the notice was placed in a frame and displayed on an easel. The easel was the same one used to announce Prince William's birth. The easel was positioned on the grounds in front of Buckingham Palace so that everyone could see it.
However, the first to know about the royal baby was Queen Elizabeth II. She received a phone call from Prince William. Then Prime Minister David Cameron and the governors general of all the commonwealth nations were notified along with both the royal family and Catherine's family. After that, the official public announcement was sent to Buckingham Palace and displayed.
Heir to the Throne
The baby's name was announced two days after his birth. George Alexander Louis would also have the title His Royal Highness Prince George of Cambridge and would be third in line to the throne, following Prince Charles and Prince William. Due to a rule change in 2011 that ended the long-standing tradition that the crown was only bestowed on a daughter when there were no sons, Prince William and Catherine's baby would have been third in line to the throne no matter the gender, because the baby was their first born.
Prince William and Catherine weren't the only happy couple to receive baby gifts. Any baby born in Britain on July 22, 2013, would receive a silver penny from the Royal Mint.
Catherine gave birth to her second child, a girl Charlotte Elizabeth Diana, on May 2, 2015. She weighed 8lbs 3oz. Princess Charlotte of Cambridge, her official title, was fourth in line to succeed Queen Elizabeth II, her great-grandmother.
Return to the main British Royal page.


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Jeremy C. Reed posted to users@ a note explaining that the BSD Certification Group has published its Usage Survey Report (k PDF).
Some interesting things in the survey results – there were over 100 respondents using DragonFly in their work area, which is much more than I expected. Some of the "smaller" BSDs linked are interesting, too, as I had never heard of things like "Frenzy", "S-Core", or "MOS". Also, there are a number of good anecdotes that were written in as responses in the survey.
The BSD Certification website seems to have had a nice makeover, too.


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Virtual Tour Videos have been updated
One of goals here at Digital Home Info is to continuously improve our Real Estate Marketing system. In the last few months we have released an upgraded interface, real estate email marketing, and a contact manager. This week we have made some enhancements to the Virtual Tour Videos that we create and push to YouTube.


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The two Texans Pro Bowl representatives, J.J. Watt and Duane Brown, are enjoying Hawaii after a long season behind them and an off season of change ahead of them.
"I'm looking forward to making this one of my most productive off seasons" said Brown as he gets ready for life under Bill O'Brien. Both players have had a chance to meet with the new coach.
"I had a good meeting with him. Just a quick sit down to talk about a few things. I'm excited," said Watt. "It's a new start, a fresh start. I'm excited to get back to work.
"He's a straight shooter, a hard-nosed guy." said Brown. "He's all about the team, putting the team first. I respect that and I'm ready to go to work."
O'Brien was at the Senior Bowl this week taking a look at some of the draft-eligible players who might be able to help the Texans get back on track.
Brown is in his second Pro Bowl, making back-to-back appearances, concluding his sixth NFL campaign. Watt is in his second go around in Hawaii, having finished his third year in the league. Andre Johnson is out with an injury.


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MINDS OVER MATTER: Over winter break in his sophomore year at Wesleyan University, while volunteering at an eye clinic in India with the nonprofit organization Unite for Sight, Waltham resident Raghu Kiran Appasani (inset) gained first-hand understanding of the need for increased access to health care in the country's rural sections.
At the same time, he became aware of an Indian cousin's struggles against the social stigma resulting from seizures. According to Appasani, the eventual diagnosis of epilepsy is commonly misunderstood as a psychological, rather than neurological, condition in his extended family's homeland.
"People thought he was possessed," Appasani said of his cousin, whose lifelong disorder was hidden even from relatives to the largest extent possible. "The perception is that the parents did something wrong, or the person is weak."
Appasani joined forces with peers at Wesleyan to establish the MINDS Foundation, with their goal to eliminate the stigma surrounding mental illness in rural India, where 80 percent of the country's 1.2 billion residents live. The organization has a three-phase grass-roots program involving education through workshops and street plays, free transportation to medical care, and reintegration of patients within their communities through social and vocational training.
The MINDS Foundation has treated 125 patients and educated 2,500 residents in 19 villages surrounding Vadodara in Gujarat state since its launch in 2010. Appasani said he plans to expand outreach efforts to an additional 20 villages within the next year, and eventually replicate the model in other emerging countries.
He is one step closer to his goal as a result of three recent grants: $10,000 from Newman's Own Foundation, $6,000 from the International Monetary Fund, and $5,000 from the Patricelli Center for Social Entrepreneurship at Wesleyan University. According to Appasani, all grants and private donations directly benefit patient services, with operating costs covered by the nonprofit organization's board of directors.
"Ultimately, I want everyone in these rural villages to know the symptoms of mental health, and that it is a medical condition for which there is treatment," said Appasani, who earned his bachelor's degree in neuroscience last year, and is planning to apply to medical school. "That's the hope for the organization, and for me personally," he said.
For more information, visit www.mindsfoundation.org.
GENDER BIAS IN MUSIC: Kristin Lieb (inset) of Arlington was in the music industry for nearly a decade before she returned to Syracuse University to work on her dissertation in 2004. She considered a variety of topics, but kept coming back to issues that had long nagged at her.
Despite her feminist views, most of Lieb's favorite recording artists were male — and the female acts she admired did not have the same widespread appeal or success that was attained by their male counterparts. Perhaps, Lieb reasoned, the women who achieved the greatest fame had to look and perform in a way that did not resonate with her ideals.
Lieb, an assistant professor of marketing communication at Emerson College, recently published her findings in the book "Gender, Branding, and the Modern Music Industry: The Social Construction of Female Popular Music Stars." Using high-profile female stars as examples, her book says that sex appeal has influenced popularity over vocal and musical ability ever since the debut of MTV in 1981.
With stars like Madonna, Jennifer Lopez, Britney Spears, and Christina Aguilera capitalizing on their sexuality to attain crossover success in television, film, signature perfumes, and clothing lines, Lieb contends other performers are forced to conform or risk being left behind.
In addition, she says, the focus on the female pop star's body as her core asset contributes to typically shorter careers than those of male performers, such as for the musicians in Aerosmith and the Rolling Stones.
"Many students feel that women are viewed and treated as full equals in US society," she said. "In reality, gender discrimination is alive and well in popular culture."
For more information, visit www.kristinjlieb.com.
MONEY SMARTS: In her role as senior vice president of community relations and community reinvestment act officer for Cambridge Savings Bank, Belmont resident Susan Lapierre says, she continually looks for ways to ensure that the bank's customers are smart consumers.
Through the bank's CSBsmart program, introduced in 2010, more than 8,000 students and adults have benefited from interactive financial literacy sessions within the bank's 17-town coverage area, which includes Acton, Arlington, Bedford, Belmont, Brookline, Concord, Lincoln, Newton, Waltham, and Watertown.
At Belmont High School this spring, for example, the curriculum included budgeting and saving; managing a checking account; role-play borrowing and repaying to demonstrate the concept of creditworthiness; and "Red Flag Alert," in which students learn to recognize fraudulent behavior during demonstrations of common scams.
Lapierre (inset below) was also one of the driving forces behind the creation of "Money Matters," an award-winning play in which teen performers deliver lessons to peer audiences about managing money. The play has been performed at the Central Square Theater in Cambridge and numerous other locations since January 2012. Its topics include need versus want, forming a savings habit, conquering temptations, avoiding unmanageable debt, and protecting against fraud.
The bank's effort to impart money-management skills to all ages and backgrounds is "about education, not the bottom line," Lapierre said.
"These are critical lessons, especially in our era of instant gratification.It's important to have this knowledge, because knowledge is power."
For more information, visit www.cambridgesavings.com.
ART BY NUMBERS TODAY: Local artists Carol Blackwell of Framingham, Viktor Genel of Natick, and Brookline residents Tilla Rodemann, Katrina Majkut, and cocurator Lola Baltzell are participating in the "50-100-150 Pop-Up Summer Show" Sunday, 4 to 6:30 p.m., in the Cambridge Community Center's Riverside Gallery, 5 Callender St. in Cambridge.
The juried show will feature 50 pieces of original art for the flat price of $100, in a sale lasting 150 minutes. The media represented will include monoprint, drawing, oil and acrylic painting, pen and ink, paper-cutting, mixed media, and photography.
For more information, visit www,facebook.com/riversidegallery.
People items may be submitted to Cindy Cantrell at cantrell@ globe.com.


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Life Extension Magazine®
I'll never forget an experience I had at a medical conference 14 years ago. A renowned scientist persistently asked me to sell him the hormone leptin.
When given to obese mice, leptin caused weight loss of 40% after 33 days.
In human terms, that equates to a 250-pound person shrinking to 150 pounds in a short time. The problem was that leptin did not work in humans, if they were not leptin-deficient to begin with.1
This obese scientist kept badgering me because he thought I knew how to get leptin. When I repeatedly said it would not work for him, he asked me why it would not work. Back in 1994, I did not know that answer.
In a breakthrough that may reverse today's epidemic of obesity, a natural compound has been discovered that circumvents the molecular factors involved in obesity … including a phenomenon known as "leptin-resistance."2-4 This means that for the first time, humans can benefit from their own leptin because it can now enter cells and do what it did for obese mice … induce massive weight loss!
In a recent controlled study, humans taking this new compound lost 28 pounds over a 10-week period compared to less than 3 pounds in the placebo group.5 Unlike other weight loss studies that mandate at least some moderation in food intake, these study participants did not alter their diet in any way.
Equally remarkable are results showing the same mechanisms that enable this compound to remove body fat also lower heart attack risk factors like LDL,5,6 glucose7,8 and C-reactive protein.5
In this article, I will discuss scientific findings showing how this new compound produces more impressive weight loss results than any other drug, nutrient or hormone in medical history.
Scientists have identified specific factors that cause aging people to accumulate unwanted fat pounds. The problem has been that up until now, there has not been an effective way to circumvent these underlying causes of today's obesity epidemic.
The corpulent mass that accrues on our aging bodies can be compared to the growth of malignant tumors. This analogy goes beyond ever-increasing fat bulges and extends to how fat cells resist eradication. Like cancer, fat cells deploy multiple survival mechanisms when their existence is threatened.
So while many ways have been developed to assist people in losing weight, nothing has been shown to circumvent the natural ability of adipocytes (fat cells) to propagate and retain excess fat … until now!
It is obesity cause number four above that is the most prevalent factor involved in age-associated weight gain. Fortunately, it is now possible to control these obesity-inducing mechanisms using a natural plant extract. |
How fat cells accumulate fat
Adipocytes (fat cells) function to store calories in the body. When energy is needed, specific command signals mobilize adipocytes to release their stored fat.
The adipocyte is the primary site for fat storage. Under the microscope, adipocytes appear bloated with triglycerides, which is the form that most fat exists in the body.9-10
Age-related weight gain occurs when adipocytes (fat cells) accumulate a large amount of triglycerides and become enlarged. Obesity is characterized at the cellular level by an increase in the number and size of adipocytes in fat tissue.11-12
Adipocytes accumulate excess triglycerides due to overeating, insufficient physical activity, hormone imbalance and other causes. These factors, however, fail to address the reason why aging individuals seem to put on fat pounds despite making great efforts to eat less, taking dietary supplements and following other practices that should in theory lead to weight loss.
Role of command signals in regulating adipocytes
Young, physically active people can consume lots of calories, often without becoming overweight. One might wonder what mechanism besides physical activity enables these healthy young bodies to limit the amount of ingested fat stored in their adipocytes.
The answer is the adipocyte command signal network that controls the storage and release of triglycerides from fat cells. These signals also regulate adipocyte proliferation.
The aging process adversely affects the adipocyte command signal network, which helps explain the difficulty maturing individuals have in controlling their weight.
The three critical adipocyte command signals
Adipocytes regulate their size and number by secreting command signals.13 One such signal is the hormone leptin, which is derived from the Greek term leptos, meaning thin.
Leptin is released by adipocytes to perform two critical functions. First it signals the brain that enough food has been ingested and shuts down appetite.13-19 It then seems to exert a process whereby triglycerides stored in adipocytes are broken down into fatty acids that can be used in energy production.20-22
The second command signal released by adipocytes is a hormone called adiponectin. This hormone is an important modulator of insulin sensitivity. Adiponectin has been shown to have anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic roles.23-28 High circulating levels of adiponectin have been shown to protect against coronary artery disease, whereas low adiponectin levels are observed in overweight individuals.25, 26, 29-32 The insulin-sensitizing effects of adiponectin represent a novel treatment target for insulin resistance, Type 2 diabetes, and obesity.26, 28-41
The third adipocyte command signal is glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. This enzyme is produced in adipocytes to help convert blood sugar into triglyceride stores in fat cells.42
The three adipocyte command signals are thus:
- Leptin
- Adiponectin
- Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
An ideal weight loss agent would increase adiponectin, decrease glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and inhibit barriers in the aging body that block the utilization of leptin.
Discovery of a West African medicinal food
Medical discoveries often start with accidental observations. For instance, British sailors where encouraged to eat limes to prevent scurvy long before anyone even knew about vitamin C. Scurvy is the acute disease one contracts when vitamin C intake is deficient.
Anecdotal information indicated that a West African medicinal food called Irvingia gabonensis might produce some weight loss effects. A scientific analysis of various Irvingia extracts revealed that they produced a wide range of biological properties that would not only induce weight loss, but also reduce the most common risk factors involved in atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes.5-7, 43, 46, 51, 52, 54
Small studies were conducted to identify which Irvingia extract worked best in humans. Findings from the first placebo-controlled human study showed the Irvingia extract selected caused fat loss and also markedly reduced total cholesterol (by 39%), LDL (by 45%), glucose (by 32%), and triglycerides (by 45%).6
How Irvingia extract works
Weight loss-inducing agents, be they supplements, hormones or drugs, typically function via only one mechanism. Unfortunately, adipocytes possess numerous routes to ensure their continued growth and proliferation. These survival characteristics of adipocytes explain why logical methods to promote weight loss have produced only mediocre results.
Amylase is an enzyme that converts starch to sugar in the digestive tract. There is an FDA-approved weight loss drug called Acarbose® that inhibits amylase and thereby reduces the amount of sugar absorbed into the bloodstream. White kidney bean extract does the same thing.44,46 Only moderate weight loss benefits, however, have been shown with amylase inhibitors. Irvingia is an amylase inhibitor, but this is not its primary mechanism of fat loss induction.6, 46
Adiponectin is a hormone that plays a critical role in metabolic abnormalities that are associated with Type 2 diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis.33, 26, 28, 34-41 Higher levels of adiponectin enhance insulin sensitivity, and enhancing insulin sensitivity is important to long-term metabolic health as we age. Adipogenic transcriptional factors involved with adiponectin are also involved in the formation of new adipocytes, fat burning and endothelial function.47-49 Irvingia increases beneficial adiponectin levels and inhibits adipocyte differentiation mediated through the suppression of adipogenic transcription factors.49
Click to enlarge |
Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that facilitates the conversion of blood glucose into triglycerides that increase adipocyte size. Elevated glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase might contribute to the increase of triacylglycerol synthesis in obese subjects.56 Irvingia inhibits glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, thus reducing the amount of ingested sugars that are converted to body fat.42
Leptin is a hormone secreted from adipocytes. Leptin is much more abundant in the blood of obese individuals. This may at first seem illogical since leptin functions to turn off appetite while promoting breakdown of triglycerides that bloat adipocytes. One reason obese people have higher blood levels of leptin is that C-reactive protein binds with leptin and impairs leptin transport across the blood-brain-barrier and leptin signaling at a cellular level.50
The release of C-reactive protein by adipocytes, a leptin-binding protein, neutralizes the natural adipocyte-controlling effects of leptin. Obese people have more adipocytes that secrete leptin and C-reactive protein.17, 50, 51 The result is that more leptin accumulates in the blood of obese individuals because it is not able to be picked up by leptin receptor sites on cell membranes.57 Irvingia is associated with dramatically lower levels of C-reactive protein, thereby unblocking the "leptin resistance" that causes so many weight loss programs to fail.5
Irvingia may induce fat-loss via four different mechanisms:
- It up-regulates the expression of adiponectin, thereby improving insulin sensitivity.
- It is associated with lower levels of C-reactive protein and helps restore the dual weight control effects of leptin.
- It inhibits glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, thereby reducing fatty acid formation in the body and inhibiting the amount of blood glucose that converts to fat.
- It inhibits the enzyme amylase, thus reducing the amount of ingested starches that will be absorbed as sugar.
Effect of Irvingia on weight loss, blood fats and glucose
In 1990, researchers studied the effects of Irvingia on eleven human Type 2 diabetics. Compared to baseline, there were significant reductions in blood triglyceride levels (16%), total cholesterol (30%), LDL (39 %), and glucose (38%), while HDL-cholesterol levels were increased by 29% after four-week supplementation. These desirable biochemical effects were accompanied by improved clinical states.43
In 2005, researchers fed guinea pigs a high-fat diet with or without Irvingia. The guinea pigs receiving the Irvingia displayed a significant increase in beneficial HDL accompanied by a significant decrease in triglycerides and LDL. After three weeks, the Irvingia-supplemented animals lost more than 7% of their body weight; whereas the control group fed the same high-fat diet (without Irvingia) showed more than 8% increase in body weight.52
In 2006, researchers studied the effect of Irvingia in rats who were artificially induced to develop diabetes. Just a single oral dose of Irvingia lowered plasma glucose two hours after treatment.46
Another study in 2006 evaluated the effects of Irvingia in slowing the intestinal absorption of glucose in healthy rats. The results showed a significant reduction in after-meal glucose blood level and lower subsequent fasting glucose scores.54
The first double-blind study in humans occurred in 2005. Twenty eight of the subjects received Irvingia while twelve were given a placebo. All subjects maintained their normal calorie intake. After 30 days, subjects taking Irvingia lost 12.3 pounds. The Irvingia group also experienced significant reductions in total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides and an increase in HDL.6
The most significant Irvingia study
Based on consistent findings showing multiple beneficial effects of Irvingia, a larger study was conducted on overweight and obese participants over a 10-week period. Participants were randomly divided in two groups, one that received Irvingia extract (150 mg twice daily), and the other was given a placebo, while maintaining the same diet and amount of physical exercise.5
Body weight and the following blood levels were measured at baseline:
- Total Cholesterol, LDL and HDL
- Fasting glucose
- Leptin
- Adiponectin
- C-reactive protein
The chart below shows the weight loss effects measured at three different times during the ten week study:5
Baseline weight |
4 weeks |
8 weeks |
10 weeks | |
Irvingia group |
215 pounds |
207 pounds |
197 pounds |
187 pounds |
Placebo group |
212 pounds |
210 pounds |
209 pounds |
211 pounds |
The chart above shows the Irvingia group lost 28 pounds, whereas the placebo group lost virtually no weight.
The results from the blood measurements showed equally remarkable effects after ten weeks as follows:5
These remarkable blood marker changes reveal specific mechanisms responsible for the profound weight loss effects observed in subjects receiving Irvingia. These beneficial blood marker changes would also confer considerable protection against diabetes and vascular disease beyond the fat loss benefits.
When assessing body composition in these study subjects, the following changes were measured at 10 weeks:5
Waist Reduction |
Fat Loss | |
Irvingia group |
16.2% |
18.4% |
Placebo group |
5.0% |
5.7% |
This historic study demonstrated that Irvingia induced more weight loss in a shorter period of time than any other compound ever tested. Participants who received Irvingia had significant improvements in body composition and reductions in blood measurements of cardiovascular and diabetes risk.
The charts below show the percentage of changes seen in the Irvingia group compared to the placebo group.
Irvingia on Weight & Fasting Blood Glucose | Irvingia on Total Cholesterol & LDL Cholesterol |
Irvingia on C-reactive Protein & Adiponectin | Irvingia on Leptin |
Scientists have spent many years identifying the specific Irvingia extract that promotes the greatest amount of weight loss, while reducing blood fat (lipid) and glucose levels.
In the most significant study to date, it required only 150 mg of standardized Irvingia extract taken two times a day to produce the dramatic results, i.e. 28 pounds of weight loss in subjects taking Irvingia extract compared to less than 3 pounds of weight loss in the placebo group.
Considering the profound effect of Irvingia in sharply reducing blood glucose and cholesterol, the dose of 150 mg of Irvingia taken two times a day should not be exceeded.
Optimal cholesterol levels range from 180 to 200 mg/dL. Cholesterol over 200 increases heart attack risk, whereas cholesterol below 150–160 mg/dL seems to increase overall mortality, probably from diseases like hemorrhagic stroke and cancer along with deficiencies of hormones that are made from cholesterol.
If you use cholesterol-lowering drugs and start taking Irvingia, have your blood tested after 30 days to make sure that your cholesterol level is not being lowered too much. If your total cholesterol drops below 160, ask your doctor to consider reducing the dose or eliminating your statin drug.
Hypoglycemics (low blood sugar) should use this product with caution as it can significantly lower blood glucose levels.
Diabetics taking medications to lower glucose levels should use this product with caution as it might cause glucose to drop too low. Diabetics are encouraged to carefully monitor their blood glucose levels, in coordination with their physician, to make sure the proper doses of anti-diabetic drug(s) are taken. If blood glucose levels drop too low, ask your doctor if the dose of anti-diabetic drug can be lowered, or the drug(s) discontinued altogether. If a diabetic experiences significant weight loss with Irvingia, their need for anti-diabetic drugs may be reduced or eliminated. Careful self measurement of blood glucose levels is crucial for all diabetics.
has been shown to work via multiple pathways to promote effective fat loss by such mechanisms as:
Summary and warning to not overeat
Endeavors to manage age-associated surplus body fat buildup have been challenging.
Just when new methods are discovered to reduce fat stores, scientists uncover additional mechanisms by which adipocytes retain excess triglycerides.
Irvingia seems to overcome the multiple escape routes that enable fat cells (adipocytes) in aging bodies to resist eradication.
Last year I wrote an article titled "Why a 100% Effective Diet Pill Would Lead to a Health Catastrophe."55 My article stated that most people restrict their calorie intake not for health reasons but to avoid becoming too fat. I warned that if a diet pill ever emerged that did not require food restriction, most people would overeat themselves into an early grave.
It is still too early to know for sure if Irvingia will prove to be a 100% effective diet pill.
With our knowledge about the health and longevity benefits of restricting calorie intake, I beg, plead, and reiterate my point that if you find an effective method to lose weight without dieting, please continue to control calorie intake anyway in order to extend your life.
In other words, if Irvingia were to work for you as well as it did for the study subjects, please do not overeat, as excess calorie intake is a leading cause of cancer, vascular disease, and accelerated aging. The good news is that by freeing up leptin to bind to hunger-control centers in the brain, most people will find their appetite is reduced when taking Irvingia, thus eabling them to effortlessly ingest fewer calories.
Note: The issue of Life Extension Magazine that members will receive in early January 2009 will feature an in-depth scientific report on obesity and the role that adipocyte modulating agents like leptin and adiponectin play in regulating body fat storage.
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19. Qi Y, Takahashi N, Hileman SM, et al. Adiponectin acts in the brain to decrease body weight. Nat Med. 2004 May;10(5):524-9.
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21. Tajima D, Masaki T, Hidaka S, Kakuma T, Sakata T, Yoshimatsu H. Acute central infusion of leptin modulates fatty acid mobilization by affecting lipolysis and mRNA expression for uncoupling proteins. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2005 Mar;230(3):200-6.
22. Frühbeck G, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Salvador J. Leptin-induced lipolysis opposes the tonic inhibition of endogenous adenosine in white adipocytes. FASEB J. 2001 Feb;15(2):333-40.
23. Pajvani UB, Du X, Combs TP, et al. Structure-function studies of the adipocyte-secreted hormone Acrp30/adiponectin. Implications for metabolic regulation and bioactivity. J Biol Chem. 2003 Mar 14;278(11):9073-85.
24. Matsuzawa Y. Adiponectin: Identification, physiology and clinical relevance in metabolic and vascular disease. Atheroscler Suppl. 2005 May;6(2):7-14.
25. Okui H, Hamasaki S, Ishida S, et al. Adiponectin is a better predictor of endothelial function of the coronary artery than HOMA-R, body mass index, immunoreactive insulin, or triglycerides. Int J Cardiol. 2008 May 7;126(1):53-61.
26. Fasshauer M, Paschke R, Stumvoll M. Adiponectin, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Biochimie. 2004 Nov;86(11):779-84.
27. Gil-Campos M, Cañete RR, Gil A. Adiponectin, the missing link in insulin resistance and obesity. Clin Nutr. 2004 Oct;23(5):963-74.
28. Shand BI, Scott RS, Elder PA, George PM. Plasma adiponectin in overweight, nondiabetic individuals with or without insulin resistance. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2003 Sep;5(5):349-53.
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30. Pischon T, Girman CJ, Hotamisligil GS, Rifai N, Hu FB, Rimm EB. Plasma adiponectin levels and risk of myocardial infarction in men. JAMA. 2004 Jul 7;292(1):40.
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32. Kumada M, Kihara S, Sumitsuji S, et al. Association of hypoadiponectinemia with coronary artery disease in men. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003 Jan 1;23(1):85-9.
33. Berger J, Moller DE. The mechanisms of action of PPARs. Annu Rev Med. 2002 53:409-435.
34. Yamauchi T, Kamon J, Waki H, et al. The fat-derived hormone adiponectin reverses insulin resistance associated with both lipoatrophy and obesity. Nat Med. 2001 7:941-946.
35. Kadowaki T, Yamauchi T. Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors. Endocr Rev. 2005 May;26(3):439-51.
36. Kershaw EE, Flier JS. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jun;89(6):2548-56.
37. Hotta K, Funahashi T, Bodkin NL, et al. Circulating concentrations of the adipocyte protein adiponectin are decreased in parallel with reduced insulin sensitivity during the progression to type 2 diabetes in rhesus monkeys. Diabetes. 2001 May;50(5):1126-33.
38. Arita Y, Kihara S, Ouchi N, et al. Paradoxical decrease of an adipose-specific protein, adiponectin, in obesity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 Apr 2;257(1):79-83.
39. Ryo M, Nakamura T, Kihara S, et al. Adiponectin as a biomarker of the metabolic syndrome. Circ J. 2004 Nov;68(11):975-81.
40. Yatagai T, Nagasaka S, Taniguchi A, et al. Hypoadiponectinemia is associated with visceral fat accumulation and insulin resistance in Japanese men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. 2003 Oct;52(10):1274-8.
41. Yamamoto Y, Hirose H, Saito I, Nishikai K, Saruta T. Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived protein, predicts future insulin resistance: two-year follow-up study in Japanese population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jan;89(1):87-90.
42. Wise LS, Green H. Participation of one isozyme of cytosolic glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in the adipose conversion of 3T3 cells. J Biol Chem. 1979 Jan 25;254(2):273-5.
43. Adamson I, Okafor C, Abu-Bakare A. A supplement of Dikanut (Irvingia gabonesis) improves treatment of type II diabetics. West Afr J Med. 1990 Apr-Jun;9(2):108-15.
44. Udani J, Hardy M, Madsen DC. Blocking carbohydrate absorption and weight loss: a clinical trial using Phase 2 brand proprietary fractionated white bean extract. Altern Med Rev. 2004 Mar;9(1):63-9.
45. Celleno L, Tolaini MV, D'Amore A, Perricone NV, Preuss HG. A dietary supplement containing standardized Phaseolus vulgaris extract influences body composition of overweight men and women. Int J Med Sci. 2007 Jan 24;4(1):45-52.
46. Ngondi JL, Djiotsa EJ, Fossouo Z, Oben J. Hypoglycaemic effect of the methanol extract of irvingia gabonensis seeds on streptozotocin diabetic rats. Afr J Trad CAM. 2006 3:74–7.
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49. Oben JE, Blum K. Inhibition of OB131 Irvingia gabonensis seed extract (gabonectin™) on adipogenesis as mediated via down regulation of the PPARγ and leptin genes and up-regulation of the adiponectin gene. Lipids Health Dis. 2008. (submitted)
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text:
Batman's ability to fly is a falsehood. Or at least so says science. We didn't know science was into disproving super-hero movies (that's a deep well to drink from) but to each his own. But back in December the Journal of Physics Special Topics took on the subject with their scholarly paper entitled Trajectory of a Falling Batman. The equations presented in the two-page white paper may be above your head, but the concepts are not.
It's not that Batman can't fly in the way explained in the film. It's that he can't land without great bodily harm. By analyzing the cape in this frame of the film, researchers used Batman's body height to establish wing span and area. The numbers aren't good. Top speed will reach about 110 km/h with a sustained velocity of 80 km/h. That's 80 mph at top speed and just under 50 mph when he comes in for a landing.
Oh Batman, how you've let us all down. If you liked this paper, you should dig through the archives. We always wondered if [Bruce Willis] could have actually saved the world from an asteroid.
[via Dvice]


text:
- Event Results Database
- Nationals
- Pool Records
- Top Ten
- All-Americans
- All-Stars
- Calendar of Events
- Open Water / Long Distance
In This Section
The GYM February Meet
Course: | SCY |
Date: | Feb 12, 2023 |
Sanction Status: | Recognized by the New England LMSC. |
Meet Web Info: | Meet Website |
This event was either held in a pool with a moveable bulkhead and the pool length must be certified in order to have results count towards top ten listings or event rankings OR it was held in a pool that did not meet the pool measurement standards or not all sanction/recognition standards were followed. Results from this event will not count towards the top ten list or event rankings.
Meet Statistics
- 10 teams represented.
- 47 swimmers entered.
- 158 individual event splashes, 3 DQs, 7 scratches or no-shows.
- 10 relay event splashes, 1 DQs, 1 scratches or no-shows.


text:
Original poster
Music touches people in different ways. Many people enjoy listening to music for inspiration, and others simply listen to it to relax. Some songs tell stories while others allow you to make your own story.
Your challenge:
Listen to the song above then take a minute or two to think about it.
Write out a scene to this song; make this song your scenes theme song.
Let me know what you see when you listen to this music.


text:
CAD Image Of 2014 Corvette C7 Rear Fascia Slips Out
38Sponsored Links
We wonder if Corvette Forum's server crashed at all this week, because they have been the center of attention with the latest CAD renderings of the C7's engine bay, talks of an LSA-replacing small-block for the ZL1, and now this detailed CAD image of what appears to be the rear fascia of the C7. Yes, it matches the Jalopnik renderings exactly.
What we're seeing here specifically is what we can reportedly expect from the "Z" variants of the new Corvette (Z06, ZR1, etc.) with its wide hips and brake cooling ducts. The lights are clearly not round, and resemble those seen in spy photos of the test mules, as does the quartet of center-mounted tail pipes. Of course, we could voice our opinions all day and night in the comment section below as well as our GM forum, but the best perspectives will come when we finally see the successor to the C6 early next year.
- Sweepstakes Of The Month: Win a Corvette Z06 and 2024 Silverado. Details here.


text:
Taiwan-born director Ang Lee has one of the most varied and impressive resumes of American directors working today. He began with the indie success of his "Father Knows Best" trilogy: Pushing Hands, The Wedding Banquet, and Eat Drink Man Woman. Lee broke into the mainstream with Sense and Sensibility, followed by The Ice Storm, Ride with the Devil, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (for which he received an Oscar nomination), Hulk, Brokeback Mountain (for which he won the Oscar), and Lust, Caution. Now he's filmed Yann Martel's bestselling, award-winning novel Life of Pi—in 3D. When Lee came back through town for the Mill Valley Film Festival, I sat down with him at San Francisco's Ritz-Carlton Hotel to discuss Pi and filmmaking approaches.
Groucho: I appreciate your stamina.
Ang Lee: Yeah. (Laughs.)
Groucho: Doing all these interviews. So I think with this film, smart is "in," as they say, but I wonder if you've ever been made to defend smart filmmaking, ever made to feel that it's a liability.
Ang Lee: Liability, in Hollywood?
G: In terms of, I guess, the box office and the audience.
AL: To be honest with you, that's the biggest challenge of making this movie. It's pretty impossible to make. Once you get the money, you start to collect your images; still how you put together—how you present it, that's the biggest challenge yet. I realized, in making this movie, [it] is an expensive movie for what it is. It has to be a mainstream [movie]. Not only is it expensive; they have to now reach the shopping mall and big release date and all that. But just the anticipation: it's a big pressure. It has to be mainstream. But it is smart, as you said. You know, it's philoso—it came from a beloved philosophical book. (Laughs.) How do you do the balance? In some ways, the economic side and the artistic side seems like their relationship is like pi: considered irrational, they don't meet. I did go through a lot of that; it's actually the hardest, yeah. How do you see the circle? How do you invite everybody to take the leap of faith? And forget about proving this or that, restrictions of friends. Let's forget about all of that and see that it'll work.
G: Well, if that was at any point a struggle, it seems like you won that struggle.
AL: We'll see. (Laughs.)
G: At least you made the film you set out to make; isn't that correct?
AL: Yeah. But, y'know, just to be really honest with you? I think the real—the movie's a provocation and an invitation, such as the book. You can never do it as well as how people put up in their minds. So if it works or not, it's a little bit of luck, too. It's not about how sincere or how hard you work, or how smart you are, how skillful you are; it's really a fate of its own. Like, two and a half weeks ago, I didn't know with the movie how it's going to hit; I don't know! For all the wisdom I have (laughs), which I believe I have more than anybody—
G: (Chuckles.)
AL: I could see in the studio everything. But still it's a big, dicey roll. But at some point, you just: "Whatever happens." I think it will bounce back and forth. It's not an easy, settled movie. It doesn't follow any particular pattern, so it's very hard to predict. I like what I see so far, but I still have a long way to go.
G: I think it might help that the film, like the source material, is this sort of Rorshach test, right? Audiences are invited to see what they want to see in the story.
AL: They have to really make it up in their head. If they're into it, then the CG works, 3D works, your format works (chuckles), your wisdom works. If they don't take that leap of faith, it's not even it works in our house, not in a massive—it's just like, they're the same, actually. That's the strange thing about this. It's no such thing it just works in our house and doesn't work outside of it. I don't know how to explain it. Some movies are, but this is not the case. You have to win—in the ballpark, people have to be willing to go in. Enjoy that: not only the adventure story, but the whole premise—they're willing to go that [far] with you. Unless they do that, you don't have a movie. It's quite scary.
G: The film and the source material leave room for the rationalist or atheist or agnostic, I guess, viewpoint, while also perhaps tipping in the direction of faith as a preferable choice, right? And that agnosticism is a sort of delicate balance. What did you see as your role, or your thinking, in maintaining that balance?
AL: My role, I think, as much as the book, is provide a platform so people can talk about the irrational. (Quietly:) Yeah. We can escape to the story. I'm a storyteller. I have to offer the power of storytelling. And then take it from there. And then challenge you, with the second story. Which is also a story told. And then, you know, people take away, or (chuckles) they want to talk about any which way. But I think my role is provide a believable platform. And that platform needs a surface. It needs legs, pretty solid ground: realism. And the platform—I need to provide a space. Not so full of ourselves. There's a space for people to stand on the platform and talk. And I think if that happened, it'd be a beautiful thing. What movies can do for us, you know? What stories can do for us, or religion. But, ultimately, I don't think any religion can argue that religion's organized. It's artificial, such as art. (Laughs.) There's a god inside here or up there, we don't know. And our emotional attachment to it and feel a need to rationalize it, reason about it, talk about it, it's like Pi's love to the tiger. It's a one-way street. It's unrequited. We can only guess, we can devote, we can do whatever we want. (Laughs.) The tiger doesn't look back at you. (Laughs.) You have to take that premise.
G: I wanted to ask, too, about the breaking of the frame, which I thought was such a clever device.
AL: Breaking the frame? Oh!
G: Sorry—when you change the aspect ratio [and figures break out of the "frame" and into the black space].
AL: Ahhhh, I'm glad you noticed that. Most people didn't notice. (Laughs.)
G: Well, it's such a clever idea for the use of 3D, for one thing. But also, you have that graphic sensibility that you got to exercise in Hulk, and other films. It does sort of resemble what happens in a comic book, where the art sometimes breaks out of the frame. Or you choose the size of the panel that's suitable for the moment. Like the other shot that's Academy ratio [1.37:1].
AL: Right.
G: Can you talk a little bit about how you came to that?
AL: I think probably from the first day I learned filmmaking, in film school. There are two things, two first lessons I had, impressions about cinema versus real life, or what I think cinema is...that it's much faster. The visual cues go really fast; you cannot take it literally. And the second thing I noticed as I started to put [the] camera is, it's really small. It's not life. You cannot gulp it in, like how you perceive life. It's, like, really restrictive: you have to break it down to manageable sizes to do it. It's like...it means shrinking: when God creates, he has to shrink first. (Laughs.) Belittle himself even to begin to create us. So you have to shrink. And then I feel like: why [do] we have to stick to one ratio? From student days I have that dealt. We're not—some things that look better when [they]'re widescreen. Some, like the vaulting in Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, I really wanted to use "standard," 'cause the, y'know. But then when I went to the desert part, I have to do this. So I had to decide one over the other. So I've been wanting to do that for a long time. After Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, I did the Hulk, and I thought I could—I was at a stage I thought I could do anything. (Laughs.) Plus, I had the excuse of the comic-book panels and stuff, so I really exercised that. That movie wasn't really a hit, so it got overlooked a lot, I think, in terms of what I tried to do. My inner Hulk: artistically what I tried to do. But this time, I think, with 3D, actually I have a better chance. Even though there's no excuse; it's not a comic book. But, y'know, like the fish jump out of—... It's a great, actually, device: I thought I had an excuse to do that, with that, because it looks like the book cover. You know, so sometimes, you could take the audience out from the movie, for time passage, or just being contemplative, I want to take them out of the movie. So I used those, but really I feel: why [does] a movie [have] to stick to one ratio? (Laughs.) I don't understand. Who says so, and why do we obey that? They never explain. So I don't know; it's a convention. I think if the filmmakers in the first ten years—ten, twenty years—all do that, then we shouldn't have—not innovative. But, y'know. (Laughs.)
G: You told me once that you used to give your actors homework, always, as a matter of course, and then you sort of gradually not so much. But now that you have a seventeen-year-old star here [Suraj Sharma], it made sense to give him homework. I know he learned to swim, of course—
AL: Yeah.
G: And some other requirements like that. Survival: he learned about survival.
AL: Mm-hm.
G: Did you give him any philosophical homework? How else did you prepare him?
AL: Well, he was seventeen. I didn't want to ruin his—y'know. Y'know. And also, not only he's young, but the philosophical thinking can hurt acting instinct. He's a raw talent, a real talent, so I don't want to mess him up. And not just for him, for the movie! (Laughs.) I don't want to mess him up. So the philosophical part, I really saved it to the shooting. I took a big bet. So I have him prepared. Being available for the shooting. And the last two months of shooting, after he conquered the tiger and everything, he's into a spiritual journey, that he's fighting his insanity. So the course of the acting required that. Then I went serious on that part. But not so much giving him philosophical books to read. I did give him a couple. Because Pi read those books—
G: Oh right.
AL: Yeah.
G: The Stranger.
AL: When he was young, so he has to prepare that. we didn't talk about that: Stranger, when he read Stranger, what do you—I didn't force him to write any paper on that. (Laughs.) Which I probably should. But the last part, a month and a half to two months, I went through a journey with him. Nobody is allowed to talk to him, near him. So that he is kept to silence. I gave some—I call it "spooky God music," the modern liturgical (laughs) music: 2001, Hungarian, whatever. The modern choir work, or orchestra, that's querying or talking about, in God-related, to him. Along with church hymns and Gregorian chanting, all those things. Just feeding with those music. And he did get into a mental space that looked philosophical. He has that spiritual look. And I go along with him. So that's a pretty special one and a half months that that leads to when he tells the second story. That's toward the very end of shooting. and he's just naturally there. He's not too much of an experienced actor, so the natural course really helps what he goes through in the movie.
G: Well, thank you so much for talking to me. It's been fantastic.
AL: Thank you.
G: I enjoyed it.
AL: Wonderful questions. (Laughs.)


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The Court speaks through it's written orders, therefore, the Friend of the Court enforces only the written orders. If a party feels that the written order is incorrect, they may want to order a transcript of the hearing from which the order was established. If they find that the order does not agree with the transcript, bring the concerns to the attention of the person who prepared the written order and request a change. A party can also file a motion with the Court asking the Court to correct the written order. For more information, contact us at 734-222-3050.
The Friend of the Court enforces custody, visitation, and support orders. The Friend of the Court does not have the power to enforce property settlement orders. The Friend of the Court enforces custody, visitation, and support orders. The Friend of the Court does not have the power to enforce property settlement orders.
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Just a friendly note. This sub-forum is for commercial sales (ie deal of the day, skidim sale, product reseller) or for information about sales.
Please use the Classifieds forum for private sales listings or member to member sales.
I highly encourage the use of PayPal to add some measure of security to your purchases. Do not send checks or cash in the mail.


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More long-term research on personalized cancer care for children with low-risk Hodgkin's lymphoma is needed, according to UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center scientists who commented in the June 27, 2012, issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association on a study that examined the consequences of adjusted radiation and chemotherapy for the disease.
Hodgkin's lymphoma is a cancer originating from white blood cells that is spread among lymph nodes. It peaks in young adults ages 15-35 and those ages 55 and older. |
Frederick Goldman, M.D., professor, and Kimberly Whelan, M.D., M.S.P.H., associate professor, both from the University of Alabama at Birmingham's Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, wrote in a JAMA editorial that this research is especially important to balance lifetime disease control and prevent late effects of cancer treatment among children.
Hodgkin's lymphoma is a cancer originating from white blood cells that is spread among lymph nodes. It peaks in young adults ages 15-35 and those ages 55 and older. In recent years, cancer therapy plans have evolved from high-dose radiation and dose-intensive combination chemotherapy to multi-agent chemotherapies combined with low-dose radiation treatments.
Youths diagnosed with favorable-risk Hodgkin's lymphoma have a five-year overall survival rate greater than 90 percent. But cures have been accompanied by late treatment-related complications such as fatal secondary cancers or heart and lung disease that can affect the quality of life for young cancer survivors.
"Unfortunately few studies have been published that followed patients for long periods when late effects may appear, and it remains to be determined if limiting radiation exposure will be superior," Goldman says.
However, the JAMA study reported survival at two years to be similar in children with low-risk Hodgkin lymphoma treated only with chemotherapy. These findings suggest that radiation therapy can be safely eliminated in a subset of low-risk patients who respond favorably to multi-agent, low-dose chemotherapy to reduce the risk of later complications.
In this study, 88 patients enrolled in five participating centers during a nine-year period received combination chemotherapy treatments and early disease-response radiologic evaluation. The early responders received two more courses of chemotherapy without radiation, and those with less-than-complete response received more chemotherapy and low-dose radiation. The average follow up time was 6.9 years.
The findings add to the growing body of evidence detailing the advantages of adjusting cancer treatment regimens that are based on individual patient needs and responses – personalized cancer care, a hallmark of care at UAB.
"While encouraging, these results must be corroborated in larger, randomized studies because earlier attempts to decrease the intensity of chemotherapy and omit radiation in select low-risk patients have not been as promising," says Whelan, director of the Taking on Life after Cancer Clinic at Children's of Alabama. "Nonetheless, the study underscores the importance of continued follow-up for survivors of Hodgkin's lymphoma and all cancers."


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Youth, they say, is wasted on the young. Not always, of course, but the older I get, the more I understand the sentiment. In part, your youth is spent resenting the requirements of school. I, for one, was 27 before I truly enjoyed learning for the first time. I went back to college then, partly to explore the curiosity about learning that was suddenly bubbling up inside me. The feeling of anticipation, sitting on the edge of my seat as my professors would unveil the techniques of art or the stories of art history, is burned in my memory like an old master's etching.
And so, I find myself at 43, still on the edge of my seat, still, and even more so, ready to learn.
There are times when I feel so completely disappointed that we get but one life to learn all of the many joys there are in this world. So one must make choices: Do I want to learn a little about a lot, or a lot, about a little?
To a certain extent, each of us makes our compromises in our learning to something in between those two extremes. If you're really lucky, you'll learn a lot about something, but keep with you an endless curiosity about everything.
This is where I find myself. At a place in my life that is fully dedicated to art. The unfolding and excavation of all things art. From history to technique — yes, please, sign me up!
With my great need to learn more, I started looking for a place to go, and I landed back in Florence. Florence, Italy, is the most beautiful blending of so many areas of interest. Somewhere around the mid part of the fifteenth century the Renaissance bloomed. "Renaissance" literally means rebirth, a rebirth of knowledge and learning. And Florence was the epicenter of this return to the exploration Ancient Greek and Roman ways — philosophy, art and curiosity.
Painting from life with the help of the Florence Academy, and the lovely Laura, a truly gracious and giving teacher. The windows in the Casa Berti studio that will forever remind me of a Vermeer painting.
In ancient Greece and Rome art, science, math, and philosophy were being mixed together, each one helping the other to flourish and grow. In ancient art, we can see this in the use of perspective, scale, and humanism. Then during the middle ages- for a thousand years it was lost. During those dark days, there was a mass regression. It wasn't until the Renaissance that we began to return to what had already been discovered, and math, science & philosophy joined with art once again.
Now, my thirst for learning has pulled me to this place where some of the greatest artists once worked. Returning to structure and methods that have been proven over time. Step by step, those before us in the history of art have figured out how it can be done. Sometimes, as artists, our egos can stop us from pursuing the work of past masters, and in those moments we need to learn to step away from it. A time comes when we need to surrender ourselves to the teachers from our pasts, in order to find our own way, just a bit easier. It is the circle of learning: structure, exploration, reflection.
What holds us back from learning, from pursuing what we love? I am here to tell you that there are steps you can take along a well-traveled path to begin your explorations. Will you take that path?
Will you expose yourself to something new?
Will you boldly go forth and make art?
I hope the answer is yes–if only to learn to see the world from a deeper more meaningful place. I hope you will come along with me to learn just a bit more about the ways in which artists see the world. How beautiful the world can be when it is seen with profound and sometimes excruciating detail.
As always the best conversations happen on Facebook and Instagram. Have you been following this latest trip and if so what have you learned? Or what trips have you taken that helped to you to learn and grow? Trips where you physically left home or simply took a journey of the mind … I'd love to hear your thoughts.


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Shown above is a queueing simulation. Each diamond represents a person. The vertical line up is the queue; at the bottom are 5 slots where the people are attended to. The size of each diamond is proportional to the log of the time it will take them to be attended. Color is used to tell one person from another and doesn't have any other meaning. Code for this simulation, written in R, is here. This is my second post about queueing simulation, you can find the first one, including an earlier version of the code, here. Thanks as always to commenters for their suggestions.
A few notes about the simulation:
- Creating an animation to go along with your simulation can take a while to program (unless, perhaps, you are coding in Flash), and it may seem like an extra, unnecessary step. But you can often learn a lot just by "watching", and animations can help you spot bugs in the code. I noticed that sometimes smaller diamonds hung around for much longer then I expected, which led me to track down a tricky little error in the code.
- As usual, I've put all of the configuration options at the beginning of the code. Try experimenting with different numbers of intervals and tellers/slots, or change the mean service time.
- If you want to run the code, you'll need to have ImageMagick installed. If you are on a PC, make sure to include the full path to "convert", since Windows has a built-in convert tool might take precedence. Also, note how the files that represent the individual animation cells are named. That's so that they are added in the animation in the right order, naming them sequentially without zeros at the beginning failed.
- I used Photoshop to interlace the animated GIF and resave. This reduced the file size by over 90%
- The code is still a work in progress, it needs cleanup and I still have some questions I want to "ask" of the simulation.
Tags: animation, queueing theory, r, simulations, stats


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Niccolò Tartaglia
Quick Info
Brescia, Republic of Venice (now Italy)
Venice, Republic of Venice (now Italy)
Niccolò Fontana, known as Tartaglia, was born in Brescia in 1499 or 1500, the son of an honest mail rider Michele Fontana who was known as 'Micheletto the Rider'. Micheletto would ride his horse between Brescia and other towns in the district making deliveries. Although he was poor, Micheletto did his best for his wife, daughter and two sons, and Niccolò attended school from the age of about four years. Life might have been very different for Niccolò had tragedy not come when he was six years old, for at that time his father was murdered while out making deliveries. From being a child in a poor family, he was suddenly plunged into total poverty.Niccolò was nearly killed as a teenager when, in 1512, the French captured his home town and put it to the sword. The French army was commanded by Gaston de Foix and they had suffered humiliation at the hands of some determined Brescia militia. They decided to teach the local inhabitants a lesson and retook Brescia during seven days of fighting in which time 46,000 residents of the city were killed in an act of revenge. Amidst the general slaughter, the twelve year old Niccolò took refuge in the cathedral with his mother and younger sister, but was dealt horrific facial sabre wounds by a French soldier that cut his jaw and palate. He was left for dead and even when his mother discovered that he was still alive she could not afford to pay for any medical help. However, his mother's tender care ensured that the youngster did survive, but in later life Niccolò always wore a beard to camouflage his disfiguring scars and he could only speak with difficulty, hence his nickname Tartaglia, or stammerer.
Tartaglia was self taught in mathematics but, having an extraordinary ability, his mother was able to find him a patron. Ludovico Balbisonio took him to Padua to study there, but when he returned with his patron to Brescia he made himself unpopular by having an inflated opinion of himself. He left Brescia to earn his living teaching mathematics at Verona which he did between 1516 and 1518. Later, still in Verona, he taught at a school in the Palazzo Mizzanti but it is recorded that at that time he was married with a family, yet was very poor. He moved to Venice in 1534. As a lowly mathematics teacher in Venice, Tartaglia gradually acquired a reputation as a promising mathematician by participating successfully in a large number of debates.
The first person known to have solved cubic equations algebraically was del Ferro but he told nobody of his achievement. On his deathbed, however, del Ferro passed on the secret to his (rather poor) student Fior. For mathematicians of this time there was more than one type of cubic equation and Fior had only been shown by del Ferro how to solve one type, namely 'unknowns and cubes equal to numbers' or (in modern notation) . As negative numbers were not used this led to a number of other cases, even for equations without a square term. Fior began to boast that he was able to solve cubics and a challenge between him and Tartaglia was arranged in 1535. In fact Tartaglia had also discovered how to solve one type of cubic equation since his friend Zuanne da Coi had set two problems which had led Tartaglia to a general solution of a different type from that which Fior could solve, namely 'squares and cubes equal to numbers' or (in modern notation) . For the contest between Tartaglia and Fior, each man was to submit thirty questions for the other to solve. Fior was supremely confident that his ability to solve cubics would be enough to defeat Tartaglia but Tartaglia submitted a variety of different questions, exposing Fior as an, at best, mediocre mathematician. Fior, on the other hand, offered Tartaglia thirty opportunities to solve the 'unknowns and cubes' problem since he believed that he would be unable to solve this type, as in fact had been the case when the contest was set up. However, in the early hours of 13 February 1535, inspiration came to Tartaglia and he discovered the method to solve 'squares and cubes equal to numbers'. Tartaglia was then able to solve all thirty of Fior's problems in less than two hours. As Fior had made little headway with Tartaglia's questions, it was obvious to all who was the winner. Tartaglia did not take his prize for winning from Fior, however, the honour of winning was enough.
At this point Cardan enters the story. As public lecturer of mathematics at the Piatti Foundation in Milan, he was aware of the problem of solving cubic equations, but, until the contest, he had taken Pacioli at his word and assumed that, as Pacioli stated in the Summa Ⓣ published in 1494, solutions were impossible. Cardan was greatly intrigued when Zuanne da Coi told him about the contest and he immediately set to work trying to discover Tartaglia's method for himself, but was unsuccessful. A few years later, in 1539, he contacted Tartaglia, through an intermediary, requesting that the method could be included in a book he was publishing that year. Tartaglia declined this opportunity, stating his intention to publish his formula in a book of his own that he was going to write at a later date. Cardan, accepting this, then asked to be shown the method, promising to keep it secret. Tartaglia, however, refused.
An incensed Cardan now wrote to Tartaglia directly, expressing his bitterness, challenging him to a debate but, at the same time, hinting that he had been discussing Tartaglia's brilliance with the governor of Milan, Alfonso d'Avalos, the Marchese del Vasto, who was one of Cardan's powerful patrons. On receipt of this letter, Tartaglia radically revised his attitude, realising that acquaintance with the influential Milanese governor could be very rewarding and could provide a way out of the modest teacher's job he then held, and into a lucrative job at the Milanese court. He wrote back to Cardan in friendly terms, angling for an introduction to the Signor Marchese. Cardan was delighted at Tartaglia's new approach, and, inviting him to his house, assured Tartaglia that he would arrange a meeting with d'Avalos.
So, in March 1539, Tartaglia left Venice and travelled to Milan. To Tartaglia's dismay, the governor was temporarily absent from Milan but Cardan attended to his guest's every need and soon the conversation turned to the problem of cubic equations. Tartaglia, after much persuasion, agreed to tell Cardan his method, if Cardan would swear never to reveal it and furthermore, to only ever write it down in code so that on his death, nobody would discover the secret from his papers. This Cardan readily agreed to, and Tartaglia divulged his formula in the form of a poem, to help protect the secret, should the paper fall into the wrong hands. Anxious now to leave Cardan's house, he obtained from his host, a letter of introduction to the Marchese and left to seek him out. Instead though, he turned back for Venice, wondering if his decision to part with his formula had been a mistake.
By the time he had reached Venice, Tartaglia was sure he had made a mistake in trusting Cardan and began to feel very angry that he had been induced to reveal his secret formula. Cardan published two mathematical books later that year and, as soon as he could get copies, Tartaglia checked to make sure his formula was not included. Though he felt a little happier to find that the formula was not included in the texts, when Cardan wrote to him in a friendly manner Tartaglia rebuffed his offer of continued friendship and mercilessly ridiculed his books on the merest trivialities.
Based on Tartaglia's formula, Cardan and Ferrari, his assistant, made remarkable progress finding proofs of all cases of the cubic and, even more impressively, solving the quartic equation. Tartaglia made no move to publish his formula despite the fact that, by now, it had become well known that such a method existed. Tartaglia probably wished to keep his formula in reserve for any upcoming debates.
Cardan and Ferrari travelled to Bologna in 1543 and learnt from della Nave that it had been del Ferro, not Tartaglia, who had been the first to solve the cubic equation. Cardan felt that although he had sworn not to reveal Tartaglia's method surely nothing prevented him from publishing del Ferro's formula. In 1545 Cardan published Artis magnae sive de regulis algebraicis liber unus Ⓣ , or Ars magna Ⓣ as it is more commonly known, which contained solutions to both the cubic and quartic equations and all of the additional work he had completed on Tartaglia's formula. Del Ferro and Tartaglia are credited with their discoveries, as is Ferrari, and the story written down in the text.
Tartaglia was furious when he discovered that Cardan had disregarded his oath and his intense dislike of Cardan turned into a pathological hatred. The following year Tartaglia published a book, New Problems and Inventions which clearly stated his side of the story and his belief that Cardan had acted in extreme bad faith. For good measure, he added a few malicious personal insults directed against Cardan.
Ars Magna Ⓣ had clearly established Cardan as the world's leading mathematician and he was not much damaged by Tartaglia's venomous attacks. Ferrari, however, wrote to Tartaglia, berating him mercilessly and challenged him to a public debate. Tartaglia was extremely reluctant to dispute with Ferrari, still a relatively unknown mathematician, against whom even a victory would do little material good. A debate with Cardan, on the other hand, held great appeal for Tartaglia. Not only did he hate him but Cardan was a leading figure in the mathematical, medical and literary worlds, and even to enter a debate with him would greatly enhance Tartaglia's standing. For all the brilliance of his discovery of the solution to the cubic equation problem, Tartaglia was still a relatively poor mathematics teacher in Venice.
So Tartaglia replied to Ferrari, trying to bring Cardan into the debate. Cardan, however, had no intention of debating with Tartaglia. Ferrari and Tartaglia wrote fruitlessly to each other for about a year, trading the most offensive personal insults but achieving little in the way of resolving the dispute. Suddenly in 1548, Tartaglia received an impressive offer of a lectureship in his home town, Brescia. To clearly establish his credentials for the post, Tartaglia was asked to journey to Milan and take part in the contest with Ferrari.
On 10 August 1548 the contest took place in the Church in the Garden of the Frati Zoccolanti. Tartaglia was vastly experienced in such debates and he expected to win. However, by the end of the first day, it was clear that things were not going his way. Ferrari clearly understood the cubic and quartic equations more thoroughly, and Tartaglia decided that he would leave Milan that night and thus leave the contest unresolved. With Tartaglia departing ignominiously, victory was left to Ferrari.
Tartaglia suffered as a result of the contest. After giving his lectures for a year in Brescia, he was informed that his stipend was not going to be honoured. Even after numerous lawsuits, Tartaglia could not get any payment and returned, seriously out of pocket, to his previous job in Venice, nursing a huge resentment of Cardan. The defeat in Milan would appear to be responsible for Tartaglia's non-payment.
Tartaglia is now remember in that the name of the formula for solving the cubic has been named the Cardan-Tartaglia formula. However, Tartaglia did contribute to mathematics in a number of other ways. Fairly early in his career, before he became involved in the arguments about the cubic equation, he wrote Nova Scientia (1537) on the application of mathematics to artillery fire. In the work he described new ballistic methods and instruments, including the first firing tables. He also wrote a popular arithmetic text and was the first Italian translator and publisher of Euclid's Elements in 1543. In 1546 he published Quesiti et Inventioni diverse de Nicolo Tartalea referred to above.
We give many quotes from this work by Tartaglia in the article Tartaglia v Cardan where the events described above are recounted in the mathematicians own words.
Tartaglia also published Latin editions of Archimedes' works. He died in poverty in his house in the Calle del Sturion near the Rialto Bridge (not the present one which was constructed about 30 years later) in Venice.
References (show)
- A Masotti, Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990).
See THIS LINK. - Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica.
http://www.britannica.com/biography/Niccolo-Fontana-Tartaglia - S Drake and I E Drabkin, Mechanics in Sixteenth- Century Italy: Selections from Tartaglia, Benedetti, Guido Ubaldo, and Galileo (1960).
- G B Gabrieli, Nicolo Tartaglia : invenzioni, disfide e sfortune (Siena, 1986).
- M Miller, Tartaglia, in H Wussing and W Arnold, Biographien bedeutender Mathematiker (Berlin, 1983).
- M Cerasoli, Two matrices constructed in the manner of Tartaglia's triangle (Italian), Archimede 33 (4) (1981), 172-177.
- S S Demidov, Gerolamo Cardano and Niccolo Tartaglia (Bulgarian), Fiz.-Mat. Spis. Bulgar. Akad. Nauk. 13(46) (1970), 34-47.
- A Masotti, N Tartaglia, Storia di Brescia II (Brescia, 1963).
- A Masotti, Sui 'Cartelli di matematica disfida' scambiati fra Lodovico Ferrari e Niccolo Tartaglia, Ist. Lombardo Accad. Sci. Lett. Rend. A 94 (1960), 31-41.
- A Masotti, Su alcuni possibili autografi di Niccolo Tartaglia, Ist. Lombardo Accad. Sci. Lett. Rend. A 94 (1960), 42-46.
- M Montagnana, Nicolo Tartaglia quattro secoli dopo la sua morte, Archimede 10 (1958), 135-139.
- A Natucci, Che cos'è la 'trauagliata inventione' di Nicolò Tartaglia?, Period. Mat. (4) 34 (1956), 294-297.
- A Natucci, Il calcolo dei radicali in Nicolò Tartaglia, Boll. Un. Mat. Ital. (3) 11 (1956), 594-598.
- A Natucci, Che cosa contiene la 'Nova Scientia' di Tartaglia?, Giorn. Mat. Battaglini (5) 4(84) (1956), 261-271.
- L di Pasquale, I cartelli di matematica disfida di Ludovico Ferrari e i controcartelli di Nicolo Tartaglia. I, Period. Mat. (4) 35 (1957), 253-278.
- L di Pasquale, I cartelli di matematica disfida di Ludovico Ferrari e i controcartelli di Nicolo Tartaglia. II, Period. Mat. (4) 36 (1957), 175-198.
- L Di Pasquale, Le equazioni di terzo grado nei 'Quesiti et inventioni diverse' di Nicolo Tartaglia, Period. Mat. (4) 35 (1957), 79-93.
- L A Santalo, Nicolas Tartaglia and the resolution of the equation of third order (Spanish), Math. Notae 1 (1941), 26-33.
- P Schultz, Tartaglia, Archimedes and cubic equations, Austral. Math. Soc. Gaz. 11 (4) (1984), 81-84.
- M Villa, Niccolo Tartaglia a quattro secoli dalla morte (Italian), Atti Accad. Sci. Ist. Bologna Cl. Sci. Fis. Rend. (12) 1 (1) (1963/1964), 5-24.
Additional Resources (show)
Other pages about Tartaglia:
Other websites about Tartaglia:
Honours (show)
Honours awarded to Tartaglia
Cross-references (show)
- History Topics: An overview of the history of mathematics
- History Topics: Mathematical games and recreations
- History Topics: Mathematics and art - perspective
- History Topics: Quadratic, cubic and quartic equations
- History Topics: Tartaglia versus Cardan
- Other: 13th February
- Other: 1908 ICM - Rome
- Other: 25th March
- Other: 4th August
- Other: Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics (M)
- Other: Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics (P)
- Other: Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics (V)
- Other: Earliest Uses of Grouping Symbols
- Other: Most popular biographies – 2024
- Other: Popular biographies 2018
Written by J J O'Connor and E F Robertson
Last Update September 2005
Last Update September 2005