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Title: Crush EVERYONE with the Alien Gambit! Source: [None] URL Source: [None] Published: Feb 9, 2024 Author: Gotham Chess Post Date: 2024-02-09 00:36:09 by A K A Stone Keywords: NoneViews: 191
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Do you pine for the nice old days, when men were men and build their own coffee machines?
This chapter is about assembling a smart, intelligent!, coffee machine. It will be a computer designed with a von Neumann architecture, comprised of a CPU, ROM/RAM and I/O and will also be suitable for generic use, a.k.a. Universal Turing Machine.
Unlike other complex, but popular, systems that are either CISC or RISC, our machinery will be MISC: Mono-Instruction Set Computer!
Alas, our processor will understand just one command and yet, given enough memory and time, it is able to perform any action that your 3GHz Pentium IV could do, or just simulate it alltogether; It can solve any computable problem by running simple code like this:
SBN $mem1, $addr1
SBN $mem2, $addr2
SBN $mem3, $addr3
SBN $mem4, $addr4
SBN $mem5, $addr5
SBN $mem6, $addr6
The magic command is called SBN $mem, $addr (Subtract and Branch if Negative), and does take the value of a memory cell $mem, subtract it from the accumulator (A is the only available register in this architecture) and store it back to the accumulator and memory $mem : [mem] <= A <= A-[mem]. If the result is negative, and only then, it jumps to the designated address $addr. If $addr points to the next command, there is no conditional jump. Now, with that command at hand you can subtract, add, zero memory addresses, move bytes around, multiply, compare and so on, so forth. What's best of all, you can easily build an optimizing compiler.
Voila. This is a great system for any Turing Complete problems plus, it is even simpler in coding than the original Turing Machine!
The great thing with this innovative MISC processor is that you need 0 bits to store the opcode of your commands. This makes your CPU much, much simpler: you only have to read a couple of operands each time. You might wish to extend the capabilities of your processor by extending the SBN instruction to 3 or 4 operands, so that it can directly load and store data from main memory. This is an exercise left to the reader; kudos to google.
The CPU diagram looks like this:
= =
= +---------+ =
+---------+ +-----------------+
| ALU & A | | Program Counter |
+---------+ +-----------------+
= +---------+ =
= =
Now, all you have to do is just hook together some memory chips, for example by recycling static cache RAM from old 386 PCs, an ALU and a few glue components. You may pick one of TTL or CMOS for logic gates and latches; I'm a CMOS guy, but this really depends on your favourite flavor. You may build an 8, 16, 32, 64 bit or whatever width system you need. Just in case, for larger word widths, I have found preferable building the ALU with pre-programmed 27128 EPROMS instead of the harder-to-find 74x181s. Look around for a carry propagation unit, too.
The monolithic nature of this system allows only memory-mapped I/O, and requires special design provisions for bidirectional interfacing, but nothing more peculiar than what is seen in older-generation systems. AGC, the computer that drove Apollo 11 mission to the moon was making use of such techniques, so it should be sufficient in this case, too.
Note that the data bus has to be exactly as wide as the address bus, that implies that the notion of a byte is only applicable to 8 bit coffee machines, which you will eventually find that it is more of a feature than a bug. You will be surprised with what a coffee you can have for 8 or 16 bits bus! It is really a general-purpose piece of hardware, built for peanuts.
Such a pure system will make a good fit together with the, famous for embedded systems controlling, FORTH programming language. The major prerequisite for doing so is to have a stack mechanism, which in this case can be constructed by a counter combined together with a memory pool.
If you want to claim a serious coffee development platform, C portability is an absolute must nowadays. Your choices might be hacking one of gcc, lcc or sdcc, which with proper tweaking at the back-ends will be able to spit out the specially crafted MISC assembly code. One day you might even want to rewrite another language like C, forget the D letter - it is taken already, so do not make again the same mistakes with your compiler please: http://www.gnu.org/software/gcc/projects/beginner.html
Just in case you thought of writing your own compiler, please read in advance about flex, yacc and just a little bit of related theory. In particular you will quickly appreciate Noam Chomsky's taxonomy on languages:
Because of the way a Turing Machine works (see for that http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/turing-machine/ ), it is a very complicated device to program, and debug at the end of the day. The reason is, that its behavior is a sequential process that is completely determined by the following parameters:
The major contemporary disadvantage of the Turing Machine (TM) is that it is of sequential nature, which implies that only a particular range of problems can be mapped to it in a straightforward way. TMs are suitable for problems that are described well on a serial storage medium (tapes) and don't make use of indexes for data reference. This is in contrast to the Coffee Machine (CM) that can handle any Random Access algorithms as well (with no compromise of simplicity).
Add to this, that TMs impose a very high and unnecessary complexity on item (3) in favor of keeping (1) and (2) simple. And just in case you don't agree that the so called Table of Instructions gets trully overwhelmed, have you ever tried to write a compiler for a Turing Machine? A system that isn't easily programmable and is hard to debug, should be considered a seriously questionable system, at least as far as Computer Engineering (!= CS) is concerned. For instance, try to simulate the Coffee Machine with a Turing Machine and vice versa. Hey, if you still disagree, show me the code.
Bottom Line: The Coffee Machine (CM), is a much better model for the von Neumann architecture and has a O(1) relationship with what is standard practice of weighting algorithms, in the current form of complexity theory.

subset: commoncrawl


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Introduction to VOCALS Science
How big of a 'laboratory' would you need to conduct experiments on a climate system? Well, that probably depends on which part of Earth's climate system you want to study. In the case of the VOCALS, the VOCALS research team will conduct a series of scientific experiments using the Southeastern Pacific Ocean and the west coasts of Peru and Chile as their 'laboratory.' This region of the world will make a very large laboratory! The VOCALS experiments and observations are planned for the month of October, 2008. The team intends to increase their understanding of the interactions between the South American continent and the Southeast Pacific (SEP) Ocean.
This area of the world is very important to regional and global climates, but the interactions between the ocean, atmosphere, and land in the SEP are not well understood. VOCALS science will produce a better understanding of the SEP climate system and this information will be used to improve global climate models. Better global climate models will lead to more confidence in climate forecasts including predictions about global warming.
The SEP region is characterized by its persistent stratocumulous clouds, fog and drizzle, strong low level winds, ocean currents, nutrient rich marine habitats, cool surface sea temperature, arid desert, and the Andes Mountain range . The processes that link these components of the region are not well understood, making it difficult to represent this area accurately in global climate models. To conduct scientific research on such a large scale, specially equipped airplanes, research ships, buoys, and meteorological towers are being used to make observations and collect data.
Scientists in the VOCALS field campaign are very interested in collecting data that is needed to address a set of questions that fall into two general categories. First, scientists want to explore the interactions between aerosols, clouds and drizzle in the part of the atmosphere near the sea surface known as the marine boundary layer (MBL). These things play an important role in Earth's radiation budget by reflecting sunlight out to space. The second key area of scientific interest is learning about chemical and physical processes that occur between the upper ocean, the atmosphere, and the land. This includes the sampling of mesoscale ocean eddies by the reserach ships.
Learning more about how human activity impacts the SEP climate system will be an important part of VOCALS. For example, how do the aerosols from copper smelters affect cloud formation? If ocean temperatures warm, will there be significant changes in the economically important commercial fishing industry? How will changing climates impact human activity and the economics of this region?
VOCALS is scheduled to take place in the month of October because this is the time of year when the coverage of stratocumulus over the SEP is at its greatest, the southeast trade winds are at their strongest, and the coupling between the upper ocean and the lower atmosphere is most closely linked.
For updates from the scientists during the VOCALS campaign, check out the Postcards from the Field. VOCALS Scientists will be posting updates during the month of October 2008.


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NWZ-A864/A865/A866 Firmware Update Program Download Service
Applicable Models
About this download
For owners of Walkman A series, we offer NWZ-A864/A865/A866 firmware update program to the latest version 1.04.
Please read carefully the following instructions.
Note: This update utility is not necessary if your Walkman has already been updated to firmware version 1.04 by the automatic firmware update function.
Contents of the update
This utility updates the Walkman® player to firmware version 1.04 and provides the following benefits:
- Improved stability when connecting with some Bluetooth devices of other companies.
Improvements provided by previous updates and included in version 1.04:
- Stability of the touch panel operation has been improved.
Applicable Models
NWZ-A860 Series (NWZ-A864/A865/A866) that have firmware version lower than 1.04.
Target owners
The owners of the target products whose firmware version should be 1.00.
How to confirm the Model and the Firmware version
Please confirm the Model and the Firmware version from the steps below.
- Press the HOME button until the Home menu appears.
- Tap (Settings), Common Settings, and Unit Information.
Confirm the Model and the Firmware version.
Target PC environments
- Windows 8
- Windows 8 Pro
- Windows 7 Ultimate (Service Pack 1 or later)
- Windows 7 Professional (Service Pack 1 or later)
- Windows 7 Home Premium (Service Pack 1 or later)
- Windows 7 Home Basic (Service Pack 1 or later)
- Windows 7 Starter (Service Pack 1 or later)
- Windows Vista Ultimate (Service Pack 2 or later)
- Windows Vista Business (Service Pack 2 or later)
- Windows Vista Home Premium (Service Pack 2 or later)
- Windows Vista Home Basic (Service Pack 2 or later)
- Windows XP Professional (Service Pack 3 or later)\
- Windows XP Home Edition (Service Pack 3 or later)
(Not supported 64 bit version OS for Windows XP Professional.)
Hardware requirements
Windows 8: 1 GHz or more
Windows 7: Pentium Ⅲ 1GHz or higher
Windows Vista: Pentium Ⅲ 800MHz or higher
Windows XP: Pentium Ⅲ 500MHz or higher
- Memory
Windows 8: 1 GB or more (32bit) / 2 GB or more (64bit)
Windows 7: 1GB or more (32bit version) / 2GB or more (64bit version)
Windows Vista: 512MB or more
Windows XP: 256MB or more
Display: 800 x 600 dots or better (1024 x 768 dots or better is recommended)
Display Color: High Color (16bit) or higher
Before Update
- After updating, the firmware cannot be reinstated an earlier version.
- Please transfer all data from the unit to the computer in advance, since the data may be lost when upgrading as they are remained on the unit. We cannot guarantee in case the tracks and the data are damaged or deleted by this update.
- When upgrading, the unit is needed to have a free space about 70 MB. Please confirm the size from the steps below.
- Press the HOME button until the Home menu appears.
- Tap (Settings), Common Settings, and Unit Information.
Confirm the "Free/Total Memory Space". - When downloading the program and upgrading the firmware, log on to the computer with the administrator name or with any name which belongs to the administrator.
- If you are Windows 8 user, Windows 7 user or Windows Vista user, "Windows needs your permission to continue" message appears in the User Account Control dialog box. Click Continue to proceed, and follow the announcements.
File Info
File Name
- NWZ-A860_V1_04.exe
File Version
- 1.04
File Size
Release Date
- 2013-11-18
System Requirements
- Windows 7
- Windows 8
- Windows Vista
- Windows XP
Update procedure
- The update program download is started by clicking "Download" button on the bottom of this announcement.
Following the displayed dialog box, save the "NWZ-A860_V1_04.exe" in your PC. - After completion of the download, connect your Walkman to your PC by USB connection.
- Quit all software running on your PC.
- Double click the saved "NWZ-A860_V1_04.exe" file, and work by following displayed massages.
* Please do not disconnect the unit from the PC during upgrading.
* During upgrading, USB connection is automatically controlled and "Connecting USB" indication is off with the control.
Also, the USB disconnect message may appear on some computers. - When the message of completing upgrading is displayed, click [Finish] button.
After update
Please confirm the version when the update program is installed successfully with following How to confirm the Model and the Firmware version steps.
The update program installation is succeeded when 1.04 is shown on the screen.


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Political party in Andhra Pradesh
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Il rapporto pubblicato dal Tesoro USA in data 11 marzo 2010 spiega come mai i recenti cicli economici producono maggior quantità di denaro da un lato, a fronte di un aumento della disoccupazione dall'altro. In pratica, il rapporto mostra l'elefante nascosto dietro un filo d'erba che nessuno vede o vuole vedere. Da leggere!
Tratto da FedUpUsa
THE Most Important Chart of the CENTURY
By Nathan Martin
The latest U.S. Treasury Z1 Flow of Funds report was released on March 11, 2010, bringing the data current through the end of 2009. What follows is the most important chart of your lifetime. It relegates almost all modern economists and economic theory to the dustbin of history. Any economic theory, formula, or relationship that does not consider this non-linear relationship of DEBT and phase transition is destined to fail.
It explains the "jobless" recoveries of the past and how each recent economic cycle produces higher money figures, yet lower employment. It explains why we are seeing debt driven events that circle the globe. It explains the psychological uneasiness that underpins this point in history, the elephant in the room that nobody sees or can describe.
This is a very simple chart. It takes the change in GDP and divides it by the change in Debt. What it shows is how much productivity is gained by infusing $1 of debt into our debt backed money system.
Back in the early 1960s a dollar of new debt added almost a dollar to the nation's output of goods and services. As more debt enters the system the productivity gained by new debt diminishes. This produced a path that was following a diminishing line targeting ZERO in the year 2015. This meant that we could expect that each new dollar of debt added in the year 2015 would add NOTHING to our productivity.
Then a funny thing happened along the way. Macroeconomic DEBT SATURATION occurred causing a phase transition with our debt relationship. This is because total income can no longer support total debt. In the third quarter of 2009 each dollar of debt added produced NEGATIVE 15 cents of productivity, and at the end of 2009, each dollar of new debt now SUBTRACTS 45 cents from GDP!
This is mathematical PROOF that debt saturation has occurred. Continuing to add debt into a saturated system, where all money is debt, leads only to future defaults and to higher unemployment.
This is the dilemma created by our top down debt backed money structure. Because all money is backed by a liability, and carries interest, it guarantees mathematically that there will be losers and that the system will eventually reach the natural limits, the ability of incomes to service debt.
The data for the diminishing productivity of debt chart comes from the U.S. Treasury's latest Z1 data. Click here to view the Treasury report
I included Financial debt onto the end of the table, that data comes from page 14 of the Z1 report.
This table makes clear what is happening. Business, household, and financial debt is trying to cleanse itself, to bring the level of debt back within the ability of incomes to support it. Our governments, armed with people who cannot explain the common sense behind debt saturation, are attempting to compensate by producing prolific amounts of Governmental debt.
They feel they must do this because if they do not, then debt and money – since debt backs our money – would both decrease and that would cause the economy to slow. But by adding money, and debt, they have created a sovereign issue where our nation's income cannot possibly service our nation's debt. In just the month of February, for example, our nation took in $107 billion, but spent $328 billion, a $221 billion shortfall. That one month shortfall exceeds all the combined shortfalls of the entire Nixon Administration – one month.
This is like an individual earning $5,000 but spending $15,000 a month. Would you lend your money to such an individual?
Last year we spent just under $400 billion on interest on our current debt, plus we spend another $1.5 Trillion buying down rates via Freddie, Fannie, and Quantitative Easing. That's $1.9 Trillion spent on interest, most of which wound up in the hands of the central banks and their surrogates. Compared to our $2.2 Trillion in income, interest expense last year nearly took it all. That means that nearly all your productive effort used to pay Federal taxes last year were transferred to the central banks.
Modern monetary theory does not understand, nor does it correctly describe the debt backed money world in which we live. Velocity, for example, slows as debt saturation occurs. This is only common sense, and yet the formulas do not account for the bad math of debt, nor its non linear function. Velocity is blamed partially on the psychology of "consumers." What nonsense. It is as mechanical as the engine in your car, it was designed that way. Once people, businesses, and governments become saturated with debt, new money/ debt when introduced can only be used to service prior existing debt.
Thus money creation at the saturation point stops adding to productive efforts and becomes a roll-over affair with only the financial services industry profiting via interest and fees. In other words, money goes out and circles right back around to the banks instead of rippling through a healthy non saturated economy. If you cannot follow that most simple logic, then going to Harvard will not help you.
Below is a chart of the Gross Federal Debt, it is now $12.6 Trillion dollars and headed straight up, a classic parabolic rise:
Below is a chart of the Gross Federal Debt expressed in year-over-year change in billions of dollars. The same phase transition of debt saturation is clear as a bell.
Below is a chart of Federal Net Outlays, parabolic and again headed straight up:
Clearly this is not sustainable and that means that change to our monetary system is rapidly approaching. No, it will not be left to your children or your grandchildren. It is an immediate problem and fortunately there is an immediate solution. That solution is called "Freedom's Vision." It can be found at SwarmUSA.com.
That chart of diminishing returns is the window to understanding why humankind is trapped in a central banker debt backed money box. No money for NASA manned space flight – NASA's total budget a puny $18 billion in comparison to the $1.9 Trillion that went to service the bankers last year. One half the schools closing in Kansas City, states whose debts and budget deficits seem insurmountable all pale in comparison to how much money went to service the use of our own money system.
It doesn't have to be like that, in fact it's a ridiculous notion that the people of the United States, or any country, should pay private individuals for the use of their money system. Ridiculous!
It's difficult to see this from inside the box, so let's look at what happened to Iceland to illustrate. The central banks of the world created financial engineered products and brought them to the banks of Iceland. These products created a boom in the amount of credit. Prices of everything rose, and the people of Iceland then had no choice but to go along for the bubble ride. Then with incomes no longer able to service the bubble debt, the bubble collapsed.
To "save the day," the IMF and central bankers around the world rushed in to "rescue" the people, banks, and government of Iceland. They did this by offering loans… documents that create money simply by signing a contract of debt servitude. That contract demanded ownership of Iceland's infrastructure such as their geothermal electrical generating plants. It also demanded the future productivity of the people of Iceland in that they should work and pay high taxes for decades to pay back this "debt." Debt that they did not create or agree to service in the first place!
There were some wise people who saw through this central banker game and started a movement. They DEMANDED that the President of Iceland put the debt servitude to a vote and the people wisely said, "Central Bankers Pound Sand!"
Thus they now control their own destiny, their future productive efforts still belong to them.
It's easy to see from the outside looking in, but it's not so easy to see that it's EXACTLY the same thing occurring in the United States and no one is rising up to stop it. No one, that is, except the movement of people at SwarmUSA.com.
To all the naysayers who think the people do not have the power to make the change, I say take a look at history and how humankind has overcome its obstacles to progress with each new step. Mankind is now teetering between the brink and the dawn of a new renaissance. A new renaissance is coming because mankind is about to free itself from the chains of needless debt that are holding humanity back.


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The SitePoint PHP blog has a new post today introducing you to an alternative for hosting your own PHP packages privately using the Gemfury service. Gemfury is a hosted (PaaS) tool that lets you host packages (and not just Composer/PHP ones) without the need to have them public on Packagist.
Composer works effectively and seamlessly in conjunction with Packagist, a comprehensive repository of public packages. However, sooner or later the time will come when you've written your own package which, for whatever reason, cannot be open-sourced and shared freely via Packagist. There are a few options for hosting these private packages [like adding them manually, Satis or Toran Proxy]. [...] Gemfury is a PaaS alternative. Aside from the peace-of-mind that comes from a hosted solution – albeit one which comes at a price – one huge advantage is that it supports not just PHP Composer packages, but Ruby Gems, Node.js npm, Python PyPi, APT, Yum and Nu-Get.
He spends the rest of the article walking you through the creation of an account (with the 14-day free trial) and how to create a new package that will be pushed to the service. He adds one dependency (Faker) and a bit of code for the push. He shows how to add the git remote for the Genfury service, tag a release and deploy the result out to the service. He updates this by showing how to take that same repository and making it private, requiring a "secret code" to be able to access. He ends the post with a quick mention of other methods to work with the Genfury service including their own command line tool, fury.


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Running all day: My NBA season preview.
More: Coach | Rookie | Storylines | Rankings
Did you catch LeBron James on "The Daily Show" last night? It was LeBron at his most Jordan-esque: Blandly appealing, saying nothing to potentially erode "Brand LeBron," flashing teases of playfulness to keep viewers (and Jon Stewart) hooked in fascination.
Runner-Up: Gilbert Arenas
4th: Dwyane Wade


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A new version of Light Image Resizer is available. It improves TIFF output, and contains other small fixes and enhancements.
Full changelog: Version History
photo-editing-software selection description
A new version of Light Image Resizer is available. It improves TIFF output, and contains other small fixes and enhancements.
Full changelog: Version History
We have released a new version of Light Image Resizer. It fixes profile options not being loaded correctly in some cases, and some other minor issues.
Full changelog: Version History
Today we have been featured on the most popular Nikon Digital camera users community
Nikonians® is the community for all passionate Nikon® users, worldwide home for Nikon photographers. Our sites and services are for all of you who either suspect or know that a Nikon makes a difference. The community, its sites and operating entities are owned by Bo Stahlbrandt and José Ramón Palacios. Both of us are Nikonians, that is, we believe in Nikon technology and we use Nikon imaging equipment extensively. These sites are not related or affiliated in any way to Nikon Corporation nor to any of its subsidiaries and/or affiliates.
The unexpected result of this post, is the request about a mac OS version of Light Image Resizer, and no unfortunately we don't have or plan for the immediate future an apple mac OS version, while ObviousIdea will be active on iPad and iPhone application to enjoy your pictures.
Toulouse, France, 1st of March 2011
For Immediate Release
ObviousIdea! is a new internet company created in 2011 to develop and promote several personal computer software, web services and mobile application for end-users.
After months of discussion, ObviousIdea! is happy to announce the sales of his share in VSO-Software , another software publisher based in Toulouse and providing popular software all over the world.
Why this news is important for ObviousIdea! ? The deal completed today is equivalent to a nice fundraising, but it also allowed acquiring a catalog of existing and popular products from VSO-Software. This database of users and products will help to introduce new projects. "That's definitely the starting date of this new company, and with this deal I am really confident for the future, as the most difficult task actually is to build a brand and a community of users" says Fabrice Meuwissen, the CEO and Founder of ObviousIdea!, previously shareholder and CEO of VSO-Software.
ObviousIdea! will focus on 3 activities in the next few months:
1 – Promote and develop the acquired catalog of products, mainly oriented to consumers products and photo market, with VSO Image Resizer ( estimated to 500k download per month ), PhotoOnWeb an application and web service to share your photos with family, ATOM Gps and GPS Stone for iPhone are products for geo-tagging pictures and share your itinerary details on Google maps.
2 – Develop new products and service , not limited to end-users.
Some project are still unnder development like Salmon Email Tracking for Outlook a plugin to improve the follow-up of important email exchange, using neuromarketing to improve reply success rate, born during the first Start Up Week end of Toulouse in November 2010.
A cloud product, with a temporary name, www.send-to-my-cloud.com, is actually a personal and private online bookmarking and notes manager, it will be extended in the future version with safe storage getaway to host your files with popular service such Dropbox, Amazon S3, or Google docs.
Easy Photo Uploader For Facebook is a software already public since a few weeks, with more than 3500 fans, which will complete the photo editing and management catalog. Another project codenamed "PhotoLikr" will connect the dots between the different products allowing social rating of pictures whatever the current program you use to manage pictures.
3 – Invest in young startups and new existing companies. "Because I won't be able to spend all the money available in my only own development, I want to give back to the community and help others, like I would have appreciated to be helped myself", says Fabrice Meuwissen, "it's something I am already doing in my town area as a business angel but with the traffic of this new company, I will be able to help both with money and exposure".
ObviousIdea! promises to be a consumer centric company, it means users will participate actively in the life of products, suggesting new features, deciding where and how to implement the action of the services. "I am sick of all these companies whose support team members don't even react to suggestions you could make by email, if you are lucky enough to receive a reply …unfortunately." Says Fabrice. It is something so easy to set up with social networks and specialized tools such as Uservoice. You need to engage the users in all the process of your company if you want to be successful whatever the millions you may have on your bank account. Fabrice Meuwissen is a Usability expert and consultant in Strategic Marketing graduated from the Stanford University in 2010.
But… ObviousIdea! is already facing a challenge, which is to build a larger team of developers ( php, jquery, html5, .net, Delphi ), community manager, and enthousiastic users. New company owner confesses the biggest issue for now will be to recruit to be sure the new projects will be released on time.
Contact ObviousIdea
+33 (0)9 72 12 29 92
[email protected]


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- Home
- Departments
- Police Department
- Citizens Police Academy
Citizens Police Academy - Educating the Community
The purpose of the Citizens Police Academy is to give citizens a better understanding about law enforcement and how police officers work within the community. The classes in law enforcement provide a fun and interactive way to educate and develop positive relations with our citizens. It is an ongoing process to build community cooperation, understanding, and good will; the Citizens Police Academy definitely adds to the educational process! Once citizens graduate from the Citizens Police Academy, they can become a member of the Citizens Police Academy Volunteer Program. Volunteers will serve as ambassadors of the police department by donating their time to work on community projects with the police department. Volunteers will continue to give an insider's view into law enforcement sharing the same values and guiding principles of the police department.
Class Schedule
The Citizens Police Academy is held on Tuesday nights from 6:00-9:00 p.m. for six consecutive weeks starting in March. The graduation ceremony will be held at the City Commission Meeting in May at 6:30 p.m.
The class is absolutely free and dinner is provided nightly at no cost to the class members!
Apply for Citizens Police Academy
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Objects that are known to have long life can be allocated directly in a higher generation, by using
. Note that both these functions have a global effect, i.e. any object allocated after a call to
or within the body of
is allocated in the specified generation, unless it is explicitly allocated in a different generation. Therefore careless use of these functions may lead to allocation of ephemeral garbage in high generations, which is very inefficient. Conversely, if a long-lasting object is allocated to a low generation, it has to survive several garbage collections before being automatically promoted to the next generation.
See also Allocation of interned symbols and packages and Allocation of stacks.


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Painting is one of the most inexpensive ways to give your home a makeover. Whether it's updating an old bathroom paint scheme or adding a bold accent wall, painting can totally transform a room. But painting can be a big hassle and come with tons of prep work and clean up. Here are a few of Breakthrough Broker's top tips to make your painting experience more enjoyable and lead to a more professional finish.
Prep beyond tape and drop cloths
A drop cloth will protect your floors, but a thick and durable drop cloth is also a little clumsy to maneuver. For smaller, awkward items that are in danger of paint splatter, use plastic wrap. It'll make it much less frustrating to protect a toilet or bathroom sink.
Be ready for spills and splatters
At the very least, a few drops of paint are going to end up where you don't want them. Have a rag and some Q-Tips ready for the inevitable paint splatter, so that you can quickly wipe them off before they dry and set on your frames, countertops, or hardwood floor.
Use heat to remove tape Patience is key when removing painter's tape, but it can still tear and leave splotchy edges no matter how careful you are. Hold a heat gun or hair dryer a few inches away from the tape as your remove it little by little. The heat will break down the adhesive and make removing the tape a much less frustrating task.


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Israel-born clarinetist and saxophonist Anat Cohen joins Marian McPartland, along with bassist Gary Mazzaroppi and drummer Glenn Davis, for a quartet edition of Piano Jazz.
Born and Raised in Tel Aviv, Anat Cohen grew up in a musical family: Her older brother Yuval played saxophone and her younger brother Avishai played trumpet. (Both are currently working jazz musicians.) Their father's extensive collection of jazz records entertained and influenced them all.
Cohen began her musical studies at age 12 playing clarinet. At the Thelma Yelin High School for the Arts, she discovered jazz, but her teachers encouraged her to switch from clarinet to saxophone. After graduation and two years of mandatory military service, during which she played with the Israel Air Force Band, she came to Berklee — her older brother Yuval was already there, and Avishai would soon follow.
At Berklee, Cohen's teachers persuaded her to reincorporate the clarinet into her repertoire in addition to studies on the saxophone and the flute. In Boston, she also came in contact with other international students and began exploring the intersection of world music and jazz, with a particular interest in Latin styles. Gigging around Boston, Cohen joined up with groups that specialized in styles ranging from Afro-Cuban to Argentinean, Brazilian Choro and even Klemzer music.
Cohen moved to New York and began to cultivate a specialty in Brazilian music, working with such groups as Brazooka Band, the Choro Ensemble and the Samba Jazz quintet led by Brazilian drummer Duduka Da Fonseca. She also continued in straight jazz projects, playing lead tenor sax in the Diva Jazz Orchestra and the Gully Low Jazz Band, a group dedicated to traditional jazz.
Anat Cohen leads her own quartet and performs with her brothers as The Three Cohens. Her latest recording is Claroscuoro (2012, Anzic Records). Cohen and her band are currently playing dates across the United States.
Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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At 45, DeEtte Sauer was a dead woman walking.
She was morbidly obese, her heart disease so serious a doctor warned her to expect "an event at any time." Eaten up by her marketing career, struggling to raise three kids, she smoked, drank and never, ever exercised.
Sauer remembers a vacation when -- at 5-foot-5 and 230 pounds -- she couldn't make it onto a small boat for a day out with her family.
"That's when it hit me. I was an elected cripple. I had done it to myself."
She got busy, slowly shedding the weight through sensible eating and exercise. She began to walk around her Houston neighborhood, then she discovered the pool. Now 69, the woman who once had a supermom complex is a competitive, medal-winning senior swimmer.
"It literally saved my life," Sauer says, adding that her best event is the butterfly -- a stroke she learned at age 62.
To trainers with lots of clients well beyond 50, Sauer is the holy grail, somebody who works hard and efficiently, taking care to avoid injury while maintaining motivation, strength and endurance through careful workouts. Getting fit later in life is one thing, they say, but staying that way at 60, 70 and 80 is another.
"Going from running to walking, going from the treadmill to the elliptical as we age. It can be really frustrating, mentally debilitating," says Chris Freytag, a yoga and Pilates instructor and contributing fitness editor for Prevention magazine.
"Even for me. I'm 45 and say, 'Oh God, I can just see it coming.' There's going to be some wear and tear. That doesn't mean I have to give up, but I have to make some changes."
Back, hips, knees, balance, cardio -- all can be trouble spots and big blows to a positive attitude for seniors, says Freytag and fitness expert Denise Austin, who was Jack LaLanne's sidekick on television and went on to her own workout shows, DVDs and books. At 53, she has a new book out in January, "Get Energy!"
Pilates and yoga are great ways to stay strong and flexible beyond 50 because both can be easily modified, the experts say.
"I'm into the core as you age," Austin says. "Your spine is your lifeline. Keep it healthy, keep it strong. As we age we lose flexibility and it's really important to our tendons and ligaments to stay pliable and keep all the fluids in our joints going."
She suggests increasing floor work to take pressure off the knees. Can't touch your toes anymore? Use an elastic band for the same stretch, or to replace weight training that might grow dangerous.
Arthritis can make gripping difficult at a time when tissue is losing elasticity, which might mean giving up heavy free weights in each hand or on an overhead press.
"The technique isn't there anymore, it falls down and they hurt a shoulder. I've seen it a million times before," Austin says.
Taking the time to stretch, to reopen joints and muscles after a workout, is increasingly important as we age -- particularly crucial at 60, 70 or older, Freytag says. "The lower back and hip flexors get really tight. The two are correlated. What I tell people is you are no longer able to skip stretching after a workout."
Freytag recommends at least five to 10 minutes of stretching after a workout, when the muscles are warm.
"Back when we were younger we could skip it."
Warming up before a workout is key to balance. For running seniors, Austin suggests five minutes of walking before getting into a gradual run, or intervals of walking and running.
"It's very important as you age to change it up more, to surprise your muscles and work them differently," she says.
Runners may need to balance workouts with more strength training and stretching to avoid hip and knee problems, adding muscle work for the abs so important for balance and flexibility. Add five minutes of strength training and five minutes of stretching, Austin suggests.
"Really concentrate on the center of your body. Your core. It is truly the powerhouse of your body. It affects how you walk, your flexors, it protects your back. That's why Pilates is great."
Balance issues don't have to put an end to staying fit. Work out in a chair or use one to lean on if you're feeling unsteady.
"There's a ton you can do in a chair," Freytag says. "In a gym, there's a huge trend toward functional training, meaning doing things that kind of mimic the functionality of your daily activities."
Standing on a dome-shaped Bosu ball, for example.
"You're creating your own passive range of motion, whereas a machine in a gym is a fixed range of motion," she says.
Freytag called balance a "use it or lose it" proposition.
"There are so many classes at gyms for folks over 60," she says. "The biggest thing for people who are athletes already is to keep positive and just think about the fact that you're going to train smarter. You're not going to stop. It's just that you have to change."
With heart disease stalking both men and women, aging doesn't have to mean the end to a decent cardio workout. Riding a bicycle is easier on the hips than running, for instance. Trim back on running to a couple of days a week and supplement on the bike.
"You can get on a bike and spin like heck," Freytag says. "You can still push yourself as hard as you would have but with less pain."
For runners who can't bring themselves to give it up, run slower, walk and run, or cross-train. She suggests cardio work four days a week but only at high energy twice in that period.
Dancing is also a good way to get the heart rate up, Austin says.
"It changes movements and it changes your muscle twitchings."
At 93, Esther Robinson wouldn't give up her life of fitness for anything. Active all her life, she still hits her local gym ("I like to bench press"), but dancing is something she can enjoy with others.
"When I was 60 or something, I got into square dancing," the great-grandmother says. "I like the music and the movement of it."
Take a page from Sauer's story and hit the pool.
"Swimming is easy on the joints. You'll keep your love of sports." Robinson also loves to swim.
Sauer didn't start training hard until 11 years ago. She knew how to splash around, keep from drowning, but "I never had a swim lesson in my life, nothing."
She showed up for her first session at a health club with a 23-year-old instructor "and I couldn't make it across the pool. I wanted to quit. I felt stupid," but he wouldn't let her give up.
"I'm stronger than I ever was at 45. I'm faster," says Sauer, who competes in the National Senior Games and U.S. Masters Swimming events.
Sauer said her 78-year-old husband is also extremely fit. At a water park with their grandson they spotted no seniors at the top of a water slide five flights up.
"They're missing out," she says. "I've never had so much fun in my life."


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For Megan Becker, art is more than just … well, art.
Becker is artistic director of Drybones Artist Collective, a non-profit with the mission to inspire hope and engage audiences through art to make positive changes within their communities. Becker also teaches musical theater at Shoreline Community College and the confluence of the two jobs is creating an opportunity to bring a strong message to the campus and the community.
"'Costly Desires' is a touring show about human trafficking that we are currently producing," Becker said. The show is scheduled for 7:30 p.m., Jan. 10-11, at the Shoreline Community College Theater, 16101 Greenwood Ave. N. Shoreline, WA, 98133. Tickets are $15 general admission, $12 for groups of six or more and $10 for students and faculty. Tickets are available at the door or at costlydesiresplay.brownpapertickets.com.
"Drybones donates 25 percent of all the money we make off of the show's ticket sales to organizations that are helping to end human trafficking here in Seattle," Becker said.
The multimedia performance piece incorporates theater, dance and original music. "Costly Desires" tells the story of Maria and Yen, two young women pulled into the world of sex trafficking through circumstances beyond their control, and John, a married man whose sexual addiction threatens his family, his career, and his way of life.
"I am very excited at the prospect of sharing this show with the students and faculty here at Shoreline," Becker said. "I really love this school and community and think there would be an interest in this topic and in this show. This is a very important issue and educating people about it is a step toward ending the problem."
In addition to the performance, Becker is working with a group called REST that works to assist victims of sex trafficking and support people who are involved in the sex trade in the Seattle area in finding ways out. "At our very first show we produced last November here in Seattle, we featured two organizations who work with victims," Becker said. "After each of the shows at Shoreline, we'll have panel discussions about human trafficking."


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On the 'ribbon of highway' that stretches 'from California to the New York island' the American Main Street—the mass of people seem completely self-absorbed. One hundred and fifty years ago Alexis de Tocqueville visited America from France and wrote: 'Each citizen is habitually engaged in the contemplation of a very puny object, namely himself.' In a century and a half things have not improved. For all the diverse and attractive, buzzing and mysterious reality that is everywhere evident, no one and no thing interrupt people more than momentarily from obsessive preoccupation with themselves. America is in conspicuous need of unselfing.170
Theo Williams, one of the evangelical giants of India, and a missions leader, once met with the elders of our church. We were discussing the benefits of interchange of Christians between the Eastern and the Western world. He said that such interchange was beneficial, for the Western world had much to contribute to the Eastern in terms of its grasp of Scripture. He quickly added that the Eastern evangelical had a contribution to the Western world. Specifically, Theo Williams said that the Western world knew little of "taking up its cross," something which believers in the East know much more about.
One would find it difficult to debate this fact. Indeed, I think that in America the church might find it necessary to change the expression, "Take up your cross and follow Christ" to "Take up you CAUSE and follow Christ," if we were describing how things actually work. In America, self, self-interest, self-seeking, and self-love are not viewed as a great evil, opposed to the very essence of Christianity. They have now become the great mandate, to be placed higher in priority to the commands of the Bible to love God and to love our neighbor. We are often told from the pulpit that we must first be able to love ourselves, before we can love either God or our neighbor. Our Lord words, as found in our text in Luke chapter 9, tell us that we are wrong. Taking up our cross may not be a very pleasant thought, but it is a very necessary one. Let us remind ourselves that Jesus is speaking to each of us, and that He is telling us here what every true follower of Him must do. Let us listen well to Him.
Our test falls into three divisions:
(1) Confessing the Christ—vv. 18-20.
(2) The Christ and His Cross—vv. 21-22.
(3) Christ's Followers and Their Cross—vv. 23-26.
The issue of the identity of Jesus is not new in the gospel of Luke. For the reader, the identity of Jesus has been given at the very outset of the book. We know these words, spoken by the angel to Mary:
"And behold, you will conceive in your womb, and bear a son, and you shall name Him Jesus. He will be great, and will be called the Son of the Most High; and the Lord God will give Him the throne of His father David; and He will reign over the house of Jacob forever; and His kingdom will have no end" (Luke 1:31-33).
We know, then, from the beginning of Luke's account, that Jesus is the Son of God, the divine Messiah, whose destiny is to rule over the promised Kingdom of God.
John the Baptist also knew that Jesus was the Messiah, as we can see from His introduction of the Lord Jesus (cf. Luke 3:1-6).171 Satan likewise knew who Jesus was, as we know from Luke's account of the temptation of our Lord in the wilderness. The entire temptation of our Lord was predicated on the fact that Jesus was the Messiah ("If you are the Son of God.…" e.g. Luke 4:3). The Demons knew, as well. They said,
"Ha! What do we have to do with You, Jesus of Nazareth? Have You come to destroy us? I know who You are—the Holy One of God!" (Luke 4:34).
"You are the Son of God!" (Luke 4:41). They knew that He was the Christ (Luke 4:41).
The leaders of the nation Israel, the scribes and Pharisees and priests, quickly came to their own conclusions as to who Jesus was. To them, Jesus was an impostor, a false Messiah, who worked miracles through the power of Satan (Mark 3:22; cf. Luke 6:11; 7:34). They had already determined that they must destroy Him (Mark 3:6; cf. Luke 6:11).
With the general Israelite population, the issue of Jesus' identity arose quickly. In Luke's first recorded message of our Lord, delivered at Nazareth, the people immediately began to discuss Jesus' identity:
And all were speaking well of Him, and wondering at the gracious words which were falling from His lips; and they were saying, "Is this not Joseph's son?" (Luke 4:22, NASV).
The people did not so quickly come to the decision of their leaders. Some were quick to wonder whether or not Jesus actually was the Messiah:
All the people were astonished and said, "Could this be the Son of David?" (Matthew 12:23).
Many, however, thought Him to be a great prophet:
And fear gripped them all, and they began glorifying God, saying, "A great prophet has arisen among us!" and, "God has visited His people!" (Luke 7:16; cf. Matthew 21:11, John 6:14).
There was never complete consensus on the identity of our Lord, as can be most clearly seen in the John's gospel:
At that point some of the people of Jerusalem began to ask, "Isn't this the man they are trying to kill? Here he is, speaking publicly, and they are not saying a word to him. Have the authorities really concluded that he is the Christ? But we know where this man is from; when the Christ comes, no one will know where he is from." Then Jesus, still teaching in the temple courts, cried out, "Yes, you know me, and you know where I am from. I am not here on my own, but he who sent me is true. You do not know him, but I know him because I am from him and he sent me." At this they tried to seize him, but no one laid a hand on him, because his time had not yet come. Still, many in the crowd put their faith in him. They said, "When the Christ comes, will he do more miraculous signs than this man?" … On hearing his words, some of the people said, "Surely this man is the Prophet." Others said, "He is the Christ." Still others asked, "How can the Christ come from Galilee? Does not the Scripture say that the Christ will come from David's family and from Bethlehem, the town where David lived?" Thus the people were divided because of Jesus (John 7:25-31, 40-43).
Most of the masses believed Jesus to be a good man, although some, like their leaders, held Him to be a deceiver:
Among the crowds there was widespread whispering about him. Some said, "He is a good man." Others replied, "No, he deceives the people" (John 7:12).
The disciples, too, were caused to wonder who Jesus was. When Jesus stilled the storm, they pondered Who it was who was in the boat with them:
"Who then is this, that He commands even the winds and the water, and they obey Him?" (Luke 8:25).
It is now time for this question to be answered. Who is Jesus? The answer to this question is the difference between a disciple of Jesus Christ and an enemy, it is the difference between heaven and hell. The time has come for the disciples to declare their allegiance to the Master as their Messiah.
From the gospels of Matthew and Mark, we know only that the scene of the great confession is somewhere along the way to Caesarea Philippi. Luke tells us that Jesus had been spending time in private prayer (9:18), and that it was in this privacy that the question of His identity was put to the disciples.
One can only conjecture as to what the subject matter of our Lord's private prayer was. It would have been interesting to have been a "fly on the wall," or perhaps better, a "lizard on the rock," where Jesus was praying. I would venture a guess that one primary subject of our Lord's prayer would have been His disciples' grasp of His identity as Messiah. After all, it was the Father who revealed this to the disciples (Matthew 16:17). The time was right for the question to be asked.
Jesus did not begin by immediately asking the disciples who they thought He was, but rather who the crowds thought He was:
"Who do the crowds say I am?" (Luke 9:18).
The answer was given by various disciples, not just Peter. Perhaps one said, "John the Baptist," while another said, "Elijah," and yet another "one of the prophets, raised from the dead."
The answers of the disciples as to who the masses of Israelites thought Jesus to be were exactly the same as the "Gallup Poll" results reported to Herod (cf. Luke 9:8). These answers tell us several important things:
(1) The popular thinking concerning Jesus' identity had no consensus. There were various views as to who He was. There was no general agreement, no one commonly held identification.
(2) There was agreement that Jesus was somehow a man "sent from God." All of the three answers imply that Jesus was viewed as a good man, a man sent from God, and a man of great power. He seems to have been viewed as associated with the Kingdom of God, for which the Jews awaited with great anticipation.
(3) There was no significant portion of the Israelites who believed that Jesus was Israel's Messiah. It is this third observation that supplies us, I believe, with the tension of this text. How can it be that after the testimony of John the Baptist, that of our Lord (through statements, e.g. Luke 4:13-21, and deeds), and even of the demons, that the nation would not grasp the Jesus was the Messiah, and not just a prophet or one sent from God? How could any thinking Jew of that day not conclude that Jesus was the Messiah?
The answer to this question is one of the keys to understanding our text. It is certainly not that there was apathy or disinterest concerning the coming kingdom. There was great interest and enthusiasm on this issue. The answer is to be found in John chapter 6, where John records the response of the people to the miraculous feeding of the five thousand. You will recall that the great confession follows both the feeding of the five thousand and the feeding of the four thousand (Matthew and Mark). It is in John's gospel that the popular response to Jesus' miracle of the feeding of the five thousand is recorded, along with the corrective action taken by our Lord:
When therefore the people saw the sign which He had performed, they said, "This is of a truth the Prophet who is to come into the world." Jesus therefore perceiving that they were intending to come and take Him by force, to make Him king, withdrew again to the mountain by Himself alone (John 6:14-15).
Jesus' miracle feeding of the five thousand resulted in what almost seems to be mass hysteria. "Could they find a better candidate for Messiah than Jesus?" "Could they wish for any better things from Messiah?" The people had not concluded that God had appointed Jesus to be Messiah, but they did determine to appoint Him as Messiah themselves. They did not see that God had made Him King, but they were intent of drafting Him as their king.
Such hysteria caused Jesus to do several things. First, He sent His disciples away, so that they would not get caught up in this frenzied enthusiasm (Matthew 14:22; Mark 6:45). Second, He Himself withdrew from the crowds for a time of private prayer (John 6:15; cf. Matthew 14:23; Mark 8:46). Third, Jesus began to introduce the subject of His sacrificial and substitutionary death to the crowds. Jesus began by exposing the selfish motivation of the crowds in wanting to make Him their King (John 6:26). He then went on to speak of Himself as the "Bread of Life." Once Jesus began to speak of His suffering, the crowd quickly lost its enthusiasm. John tells us the result of Jesus' teaching:
As a result of this many of His disciples withdrew, and were not walking with Him any more (John 6:66).
Thus, the fact that the disciples' answer to our Lord's question does not include any option that He was the Messiah is not surprising. It is not that no one had thought of it, but that once Jesus informed them of the kind of Messiah He was, no one wanted Him as their Messiah. They could accept Him as a prophet sent from God, but not as their Messiah. The disciples' answer reveals the fickleness of the crowds and of their acceptance of Jesus. If the disciples are to declare Jesus to be the Messiah, they will do so as a very small minority, at this point in time. It is interesting, is it not, that our Lord would choose such a time, such a low ebb in His popularity, to ask His disciples concerning His identity.
Having laid the foundation by asking the disciples who the people thought He was, Jesus now pressed for a personal confession. So much for the crowds, who was Jesus to those who most intimately knew Him.
"But what about you … Who do you say I am?" (Luke 9:20).
Peter, not unpredictably, now speaks. Presumably he speaks for the rest, though we must wonder if he spoke for Judas:
"The Christ of God" (Luke 9:20).
These words of Peter, very concisely put, tell us that Peter recognized Jesus to be God's Messiah. In contrast to the views held by the masses, Peter has come, by means of the revelation of the Father (Matthew 16:17), to recognize that Jesus is the Messiah whom God has sent.
Peter's confession is monumental. It is the watershed of the gospels. Let us take a moment to make a few observations about this confession:
(1) Peter's "great confession" was a landmark event. It is at this point that the fuller implications of Jesus' ministry begin to be revealed clearly. Matthew's account emphasizes this point:
From that time on Jesus began to explain to his disciples that he must go to Jerusalem and suffer many things at the hands of the elders, chief priests and teachers of the law, and that he must be killed and on the third day be raised to life (Matthew 16:21, emphasis mine).
(2) Peter's confession was not a recitation, but a personal confession of Peter's convictions about the identity of Jesus. The confession of Peter was not a repetition of words which Jesus had just said, it was an answer to a question Jesus asked.
(3) The "great confession" was not as great as we might wish. It was a partial, imperfect, and even tentative confession of our Lord's identity.
I want to linger on this third point, that Peter's confession was, in one sense, a "great" confession, but in other ways it was only a faltering beginning. What was "great" about Peter's confession was that it was a confession, a proclamation of Jesus' identity as Messiah, in the face of His rejection by virtually all of his world. Peter's confession may have expressed the conclusion of most of the apostles, but it was in stark contrast to the view of the masses which had just been summarized. Peter's confession can also be seen as "great" in terms of its outcome, its implications.
But when carefully considered, it is certainly not all that it could (or should) have been. The text does not clearly state this, but all appearances are that Peter acknowledged Jesus to be Messiah, but not to be God. The expression, "the Christ of God" (v. 20), I understand to mean God's Messiah, the Messiah whom God has sent, not the Messiah who is God. Peter later came to realize that Jesus was both Messiah and God, and this he boldly proclaimed (cf. Acts 2:36), but it was a human messiah that Peter seems to have confessed here. This was consistent with the expectations of the Jews of Peter's day. It was one thing to claim to be Messiah, but a vastly different thing to claim to be God.
Second, not only was Peter's "messiah" not divine, but he was surely not a suffering messiah. It is in the accounts of Matthew and Mark that Peter's violent reaction to the Lord's disclosure of His imminent rejection, suffering and death are recorded. The very same person who rejoiced in Christ's identity as Messiah, rejected the possibility of Him being a suffering Savior. Peter's "messiah" was therefore a distorted "messiah," a messiah of his own hopes and aspirations.
Finally, Peter's confession is one that is doubted and even denied. We must remember that Peter, the one who made this great confession, is the same person who made his "great denial" when identified with Christ after his arrest. His declaration turns to doubt. And we see that this is also true for others of Jesus' followers. When Jesus, unrecognized, joined the two on the road to Emmaus, and questioned them about the things which made them so sad, we find this conversation reported by Luke:
"What things?" he asked. "About Jesus of Nazareth," they replied. "He was a prophet, powerful in word and deed before God and all the people (Luke 24:19).
After His arrest and crucifixion, these disciples' estimation of Jesus was not different, no greater, than that view held by the masses. He was only a prophet.
Jesus' response to the "great confession" of Peter must have caught the disciples off guard. Jesus said two things which would have been very perplexing to them. First, Jesus commanded His disciples not to tell anyone what they had concluded, and what He confirmed, that He was the Messiah. Jesus "strictly warned" them about this (v. 21). He knew that they would be very tempted to let everyone know the truth. In the sending out of the seventy, Jesus took further measures to assure this:
After this the Lord appointed seventy-two others and sent them two by two ahead of him to every town and place where he was about to go (Luke 10:1).
The term "others" indicates to us that the seventy-two did not include the twelve. And little wonder. If the twelve disciples had gone forth, proclaiming the message of the kingdom of God, do you think they could resist the temptation to tell the secret they had just learned? Jesus therefore kept the twelve with Him, and sent out those who did not know what they did.
The reason for this strange-sounding command is to be found in our Lord's second statement. As God's Messiah, He must be rejected by the leaders of the nation, be crucified, and then rise from the dead three days later (v. 22).172 If the disciples were to make known the identity of Jesus, it would only hinder His rejection and crucifixion, something which must take place. This was a prophetic necessity, for the Old Testament prophets foretold His suffering and sacrificial death (Isaiah 52-53). It was a theological necessity, for the sins of the world must be atoned for. Just as Peter sought to prevent our Lord's arrest, by drawing his sword and using it (John 18:10-11), so the crowds would be tempted to revolt. The news of Jesus identity would only be broadly proclaimed after His death, burial, and resurrection.
Jesus had already alluded to the fact that some things revealed privately to His disciples would temporarily be concealed from the rest, but only for a time:
"No one lights a lamp and hides it in a jar or puts it under a bed. Instead, he puts it on a stand, so that those who come in can see the light. For there is nothing hidden that will not be disclosed, and nothing concealed that will not be known or brought out into the open" (Luke 8:16-17).
Jesus identity as the rejected, crucified, and risen Messiah is boldly proclaimed by the apostles after His death and resurrection. One example is the proclamation of the apostle Peter:
"Therefore let all Israel be assured of this: God has made this Jesus, whom you crucified, both Lord and Christ" (Acts 2:36).
The rejection, and crucifixion of Jesus by the leaders of Israel (Luke 9:22) is very much related to the rejection of Jesus as God's Messiah by the crowds (Luke 9:18-19). The leader of Israel feared the crowds, and did not dare to carry out their long-held plans to kill Him until they sensed that Jesus' popularity had waned significantly:
Every day he was teaching at the temple. But the chief priests, the teachers of the law and the leaders among the people were trying to kill him. Yet they could not find any way to do it, because all the people hung on his words (Luke 19:47-48).
And the chief priests and the teachers of the law were looking for some way to get rid of Jesus, for they were afraid of the people (Luke 22:2).
Peter's confession that Jesus was the Christ was the occasion for Jesus to begin to speak plainly about His coming rejection and death. It was surely not something which Peter and the others wanted to hear, but it was the plan and purpose of God. It was the means for God's promises of salvation to be fulfilled.173
Before we move on to the "cross" which the disciple of Christ must take up, let us briefly summarize the characteristics of Christ's cross, for the cross of the Master and the cross of the disciple are very much interrelated.
(1) The cross of the Christ was mandatory. Christ must suffer and die.
(2) The cross of the Christ involved more than the physical wooden cross, the instrument of His death, though it surely involved this as well. Our Lord spoke of the fact that He must suffer many things, which suggests that more than the literal, physical, cross were in mind. He was, for example, to suffer the rejection of His people and their leaders. This, of course, was preliminary and necessary for His crucifixion. In Hebrews (2:18, NIV; 5:7-10; 10:5-9), we are told of the broader "suffering" of our Lord. Later on in Luke chapter 9 we can see a kind of suffering in the "sigh" of our Lord over the spiritual dullness of that generation (Luke 9:41), which implies that the kenosis and incarnation of our Lord was certainly a sacrifice, and, to some degree a form of suffering. Wouldn't it be suffering to leave the realms of glory and to dwell among sinful men, many of whom rejected you, and even the few who received you had a distorted view of you? Finally, the Lord had to suffer not only the rejection of men, and death on that cross, with all its physical pain, but He had to suffer the alienation from God which bearing the sins of the world entailed. The extent of His suffering is infinitely beyond man's ability to grasp. While the disciple's cross may not be pleasant, it's suffering does not begin to compare with that of our Lord's cross.
The difference between the disciples' estimate of Christ's identity and that of the crowds and the leaders of the nation spells trouble. When the opinion of Jesus by the crowds reaches a low enough ebb, the plans of the leaders to kill the Christ will be possible. When the crowds and the leaders view of Jesus is diametrically different from that of the disciples, there will not only be a cross for the Christ, but also for those who identify with Him. That is what Jesus now tells them. Having told the disciples of His cross, He immediately goes on to tell them that they will have a cross as well, if they follow Him.
The cross of the disciple has a number of characteristics which should be of great interest to those who have purposed to follow Christ as His disciple. Let us consider some of the characteristics of the disciple's cross.
(1) The disciple's cross is directly related to the cross of Christ. The rejection and suffering of Christ's followers is the consequence of their following Him. It is for choosing to follow Christ that His followers will have a cross to bear.
"Be on your guard against men; they will hand you over to the local councils and flog you in their synagogues. On my account you will be brought before governors and kings as witnesses to them and to the Gentiles. But when they arrest you, do not worry about what to say or how to say it. At that time you will be given what to say, for it will not be you speaking, but the Spirit of your Father speaking through you. "Brother will betray brother to death, and a father his child; children will rebel against their parents and have them put to death. All men will hate you because of me, but he who stands firm to the end will be saved. When you are persecuted in one place, flee to another. I tell you the truth, you will not finish going through the cities of Israel before the Son of Man comes. "A student is not above his teacher, nor a servant above his master. It is enough for the student to be like his teacher, and the servant like his master. If the head of the house has been called Beelzebub, how much more the members of his household! "So do not be afraid of them. There is nothing concealed that will not be disclosed, or hidden that will not be made known. What I tell you in the dark, speak in the daylight; what is whispered in your ear, proclaim from the roofs. Do not be afraid of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul. Rather, be afraid of the One who can destroy both soul and body in hell. Are not two sparrows sold for a penny? Yet not one of them will fall to the ground apart from the will of your Father. And even the very hairs of your head are all numbered. So don't be afraid; you are worth more than many sparrows. "Whoever acknowledges me before men, I will also acknowledge him before my Father in heaven. But whoever disowns me before men, I will disown him before my Father in heaven. "Do not suppose that I have come to bring peace to the earth. I did not come to bring peace, but a sword. For I have come to turn "'a man against his father, a daughter against her mother, a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law—a man's enemies will be the members of his own household.' "Anyone who loves his father or mother more than me is not worthy of me; anyone who loves his son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me; and anyone who does not take his cross and follow me is not worthy of me. Whoever finds his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life for my sake will find it. "He who receives you receives me, and he who receives me receives the one who sent me. Anyone who receives a prophet because he is a prophet will receive a prophet's reward, and anyone who receives a righteous man because he is a righteous man will receive a righteous man's reward. And if anyone gives even a cup of cold water to one of these little ones because he is my disciple, I tell you the truth, he will certainly not lose his reward" (Matthew 10:17-43).
"Brother will betray brother to death, and a father his child. Children will rebel against their parents and have them put to death (Mark 13:12).
Because Christ was rejected and suffered the cross, so will most of the twelve disciples and many others of that generation who believed in Christ and followed Him:
"Then you will be handed over to be persecuted and put to death, and you will be hated by all nations because of me …" (Matthew 24:9).
He had James, the brother of John, put to death with the sword (Acts 12:2).
Then Paul answered, "Why are you weeping and breaking my heart? I am ready not only to be bound, but also to die in Jerusalem for the name of the Lord Jesus" (Acts 21:13).
And that is just what I did in Jerusalem. On the authority of the chief priests I put many of the saints in prison, and when they were put to death, I cast my vote against them (Acts 26:10).
(2) The disciple's cross entails more than just external persecution, and occasionally martyrdom—it entails death to self-will, self-interest, and self-seeking. In the words of Jesus, it requires denying self (Luke 9:23). The "way of the cross" is the way of death to our own interests. As our Lord set aside His glory and prerogatives as God in order to come to earth and "bear His cross," so the disciple of Christ must do likewise (cf. Philippians 2:1-8). The cross means that we must also "put to death" the old nature and its practices:
By no means! We died to sin; how can we live in it any longer? Or don't you know that all of us who were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into his death? We were therefore buried with him through baptism into death in order that, just as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, we too may live a new life. If we have been united with him like this in his death, we will certainly also be united with him in his resurrection. For we know that our old self was crucified with him so that the body of sin might be done away with, that we should no longer be slaves to sin—because anyone who has died has been freed from sin. Now if we died with Christ, we believe that we will also live with him (Romans 6:2-8).
Put to death, therefore, whatever belongs to your earthly nature: sexual immorality, impurity, lust, evil desires and greed, which is idolatry (Colossians 3:5).
This is how we know what love is: Jesus Christ laid down his life for us. And we ought to lay down our lives for our brothers (1 John 3:16).
(3) The disciples is a cross that is taken up daily—it is a way of looking at life and of living it.
I die every day—I mean that, brothers—just as surely as I glory over you in Christ Jesus our Lord (1 Corinthians 15:31).
Therefore, I urge you, brothers, in view of God's mercy, to offer your bodies as living sacrifices, holy and pleasing to God—which is your spiritual worship. Do not conform any longer to the pattern of this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind. Then you will be able to test and approve what God's will is—his good, pleasing and perfect will (Romans 12:1-2).
For if you live according to the sinful nature, you will die; but if by the Spirit you put to death the misdeeds of the body, you will live (Rom. 8:13).
I have been crucified with Christ and I no longer live, but Christ lives in me. The life I live in the body, I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me (Galatians 2:20).
(4) The taking up of the disciple's cross, like Lord's taking up of His cross, is based upon a principle stated by our Lord: to seek to save one's life is to lose it; to give up one's life for Christ's sake, is to save your life.
"For whoever wants to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for me will save it" (Luke 9:24).
This same principle underlies the living of the Christian life:
I tell you the truth, unless a kernel of wheat falls to the ground and dies, it remains only a single seed. But if it dies, it produces many seeds (John 12:24).
How foolish! What you sow does not come to life unless it dies (1Corinthians 15:36).
For to be sure, he was crucified in weakness, yet he lives by God's power. Likewise, we are weak in him, yet by God's power we will live with him to serve you (2 Corinthians 13:4).
(5) The cross, because it is an instrument of suffering and death, is repulsive to everyone, and thus we will not accept it without a divine calling and enablement.
Jesus blessed Peter for his confession that Jesus was God's Messiah, God's Christ. He told Him that flesh and blood did not reveal this truth, but the Father. Once they understood the nature of Jesus' messiahship, men rejected Him as Messiah. They may still regard Him as a prophet, but not as Messiah, for they do not wish to follow a suffering Messiah. Ultimately, they (we) do not wish to pursue of way of suffering, but rather a way of peace, prosperity, and glory. But our Lord has revealed that the way to a crown is through the cross, both for Him and for those who would follow Him.
The natural man simply rejects suffering and death as a way to find life, and thus the gospel will always be foolish to the unbeliever. The message of the gospel is the message about a cross, a cross that men do not wish to hear or to accept, and yet it is the only gospel, the gospel which Paul and all of the apostles preached:
For Christ did not send me to baptize, but to preach the gospel—not with words of human wisdom, lest the cross of Christ be emptied of its power. For the message of the cross is foolishness to those who are perishing, but to us who are being saved it is the power of God. For it is written: "I will destroy the wisdom of the wise; the intelligence of the intelligent I will frustrate." Where is the wise man? Where is the scholar? Where is the philosopher of this age? Has not God made foolish the wisdom of the world? For since in the wisdom of God the world through its wisdom did not know him, God was pleased through the foolishness of what was preached to save those who believe. Jews demand miraculous signs and Greeks look for wisdom, but we preach Christ crucified: a stumbling block to Jews and foolishness to Gentiles, but to those whom God has called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God. For the foolishness of God is wiser than man's wisdom, and the weakness of God is stronger than man's strength (1 Corinthians 1:17-25).
The cross is a message which cannot be "marketed" or "merchandised," for it does not have human appeal. In order for the gospel to be "merchandised," sold with Madison Avenue advertising techniques, we must first change the gospel itself. And many have done just this. Rather to proclaim in simplicity, man's sin, Christ's righteousness, and salvation through the cross of Christ, we offer peace and prosperity, happiness and fulfillment, and we do so by minimizing the foolishness of the cross. In so doing, we rob the gospel of its power.
The message of the cross cannot and will not be received by men apart from the drawing of the Father through the Holy Spirit, which is exactly what the Bible teaches, and the ministry of the Holy Spirit is what our Lord promised:
"No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me draws him, and I will raise him up at the last day" (John 6:44).
The man without the Spirit does not accept the things that come from the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness to him, and he cannot understand them, because they are spiritually discerned (1 Corinthians 2:14).
"When he comes, he will convict the world of guilt in regard to sin and righteousness and judgment: in regard to sin, because men do not believe in me; in regard to righteousness, because I am going to the Father, where you can see me no longer; and in regard to judgment, because the prince of this world now stands condemned" (John 16:8-11).
False teacher reject the cross, because they know it is not appealing to men. They also do not wish to suffer the reproach of the cross themselves. Instead, they offer a different gospel, a crossless gospel:
Those who want to make a good impression outwardly are trying to compel you to be circumcised. The only reason they do this is to avoid being persecuted for the cross of Christ. Not even those who are circumcised obey the law, yet they want you to be circumcised that they may boast about your flesh. May I never boast except in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, through which the world has been crucified to me, and I to the world (Galatians 6:12-14).
This text has many points of relevance and application to contemporary men and women. First, it reminds us of the fact that the question which our Lord asked His disciples is the most important question any man or woman will ever answer. The difference between salvation and condemnation, between heaven and hell is bound up in the answer to the question, "Who is Jesus?" The correct answer is that He is the Son of God, God's Messiah, and my Savior, the one who died on the cross of Calvary, in my place. At one point or another, every person will have to acknowledge that Jesus is the Messiah of God, the Savior of the world. To answer in this way now is to have eternal life. To wait until later is a vastly different thing. Someday, everyone who has denied Jesus as the Christ will have to acknowledge their error, but when it is too late for salvation:
Therefore God exalted him to the highest place and gave him the name that is above every name, that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father (Philippians 2:9-11).
This is what every living creature must do, who has rejected Jesus as the Christ of God before His coming to reign and to rule over the earth. But the good news of the gospel is that men can confess Him as the Christ of God today and be saved from their sins:
That if you confess with your mouth, "Jesus is Lord," and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved. For it is with your heart that you believe and are justified, and it is with your mouth that you confess and are saved. As the Scripture says, "Everyone who trusts in him will never be put to shame" (Romans 10:9-11).
Just at this question was an individual matter, to be answered by every man, so it is today. Frankly, the view of the masses will never be the right view of Jesus. You must stand apart from the crowds who reject Jesus as the Christ, and in so doing you will find a cross of your own to bear, but this is God's way of salvation. I ask you now, as Jesus asked His disciples, "But you, who do you say Jesus is?"
Those of us who are saved, who have professed Jesus to be God's Salvation, must realize that there is a cross to bear if we would follow Him. As the crowds rejected Jesus and clamored for Him to have a cross, so they may reject us. This is a part of the cross which we must take up, daily. And when we share our faith with others, we must do so in simplicity, in clarity, in fear, and in faith, knowing that only the Father, through His Holy Spirit can cause men to recognize Jesus as God's only Savior, cross and all. For it is the cross of Calvary that is God's only means of saving men.
I am very troubled by those who pervert the gospel, the word of the cross, in order to make it more appealing, more marketable. They offer men prosperity, popularity, and what they desire. They offer men a crown in the place of a cross. They offer life, but they lead men along the road to death, just as Satan deceived Adam and Eve.
I am troubled by Christians who in their desire not to be rejected, attempt to avoid any cross in life. They want their faith and their gospel to be intellectually respectable, when the Bible says it is foolishness. They want obedience to God's word to seem logical, sensible, and appealing, but the cross is an offense, whether it be the cross of Christ, for salvation, or the cross of the disciple.
Beware of any teaching that minimizes the cross, that merchandises the gospel, and that appeals to the fleshly nature of man. This is not the way of the cross, nor is it the way of our Lord.
I would also add that we have much to learn from our Lord in the area of evangelism. Jesus would not inform the disciples that He was the Messiah, and then merely ask them to mouth back to Him some kind of formula. He asked the disciples to express, in their own words, who He was. I have great difficulty with those who attempt to lead men to Christ by asking them to repeat a prayer after them. If men do not understand the gospel well enough to express their faith in their own words, they are not really convinced of the truth, and they are not ready to have a kind of "forceps delivery." Let us learn from our Lord that it is ultimately God who converts and convinces men of His identity. Let us beware about putting words in the mouths of those we wish to be saved.
170 Eugene H. Peterson, Earth & Altar: The Community of Prayer in a Self-Bound Society (Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1985), p. 13.
171 It should be remembered, however, that even John had his moments of doubt about the identity of the Lord Jesus, cf. Luke 7:19.
172 "Suffering and rejection sum up the whole cross of Jesus. To die on the cross means to die despised and rejected of men. Suffering and rejection are laid upon Jesus as a divine necessity, and every attempt to prevent it is the work of the devil, especially when it comes from his own disciples; for it is in fact an attempt to prevent Christ from being Christ. It is Peter, the Rock of the Church, who commits that sin, immediately after he has confessed Jesus as the Messiah and has been appointed to the primacy. That shows how the very notion of a suffering Messiah was a scandal to the Church, even in its earliest days. That is not the kind of Lord it wants, and as the Church of Christ it does not like to have the law of suffering imposed upon it by its Lord. Peter's protest displays his own unwillingness to suffer, and that means that Satan has gained entry into the Church, and is trying to tear it away from the cross of its Lord." Dietrich Bonhoeffer, The Cost of Discipleship (New York: Macmillan Publishing Company [reprint], 1963), p. 96.
173 Peter's rebuke of Jesus, and our Lord's rebuke of him are not recorded here. Instead, Luke goes quickly on to focus on the teaching of our Lord, which explains how the "cross of Christ" also becomes the "cross of the disciple."
174 "It is not suffering per se but suffering-and-rejection, and not rejection for any cause or conviction of our own, but rejection for the sake of Christ… The cross is there, right from the beginning, he has only got to pick it up; there is not need for him to go out and look for a cross for himself, no need for him deliberately to run after suffering. Jesus says that every Christian has his own cross waiting for him, a cross destined and appointed by God. Each must endure his allotted share of suffering and rejection. But each has a different share: some God deems worthy of the highest form of suffering, and gives them the grace of martyrdom, while others he does not allow to be tempted above that they are able to bear." Bonhoeffer, pp. 98-99.


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Just wondering what you lot would prefer and why: a Cisco PIX 501 firewall or a Linux firewall? If any of can mention the pros and cons it would be very helpful. Thanks in advance.
The Cisco Pix firewall seems to be an actual hardware firewall built specifically for this purpose, while a linux firewall is an actual computer that acts as a gateway/firewall to the internet in a similar fashion. Both would seem to provide very good protection if set up correctly. The main advantage of the linux firewall would have to be cost. For more info on the Cisco Pix go to http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/cc/pd/fw/sqfw500/
Jealousy consumes the weak. http://www.badconnections.net
I'd choose the PIX. It's an appliance. May cost more but it's much harder to get through.
Mankind have a great aversion to intellectual labor; but even supposing knowledge to be easily attainable, more people would be content to be ignorant than would take even a little trouble to acquire it. - Samuel Johnson
I'd say wichever your more familiar with. Getting a PIX and then ****ing the config is no more secure than a Linux box. Plus there are needs. Do you need auth and crypt in PIX? or is just basic packet filtering + stateful inspection.. Anyways, if you wanna go for a rock-solid appliance get the Nokia series with CPNG pre-installed. Those come with a really hardened OS and allow the installation of other software <actually, only ISS's RealSecure> and are setup for routing purposes along side with a cute and handsome 'lil web-based configurator called Voyager etsh911
What exactly is PIX? Is it a fancy packet filter? Is the PIX vulnerable to spoofing attacks? thanks
The Cisco PIX is hardware firewall that can do NAT, IP filtering and depending on the model IPSec connections. The major problem I've seen with the PIX is the lack of true port filtering rules. The PIX comes out of the box denying all inbound, which is nice for a security but unless your really familiar with the CLI that cisco has it can be confusing on how to set everything up on it.
first of all...the PIX is a stateful firewall just like any other. With the Pix, you can do anything any other firewall can do. So vittu, you are incorrect in saying that there is a lack of port filtering rules. You use access-lists that can be used to specify ANY port. and YES...of course the PIX come out of the box denying all traffic. This is what you want. Why would you want to close every port you dont need instead of just opening the ports you do. Besides even if you wanted to change that, you could just issue the following commands. access-list acl-out permit IP any any *defines all traffic to be permitted accesgroup acl-out in interface outside *applies the access-list rules to the outside interface The PIX501 is also a small SOHO device that has a very simple configuration interface, so you would not have to worry about the CLI stuff anyway. It is a very good product. I know mrwall is a very big CP advocate, and so am I, but the PIX is also a very good firewall and I think he would agree with me. Bottom Line: either CP soho or PIX 501....i would probably stay away from the linux firewall for the sake of simplicity..
Hey ive noticed something thats called frankin pix.....someone has taken the cisco ios and ripped so that you can flash it into a intel based mother board. When you but up it looks just like the pix firewall.Its supposed to be way cool I haven't had a chance to mess with it yet.
I toor\'d YOU!
Here is my experience in case you care Pix is extremely secure and easy to use iffffff and only ifffff you have a set of ip addresses under the same subnet ... Now ... trouble started when my network started growing and when i had to divide my network in zones , now that is the shitty part, configuration jumped from being a nice 1/2 an hour experience into a 4 days nightmare ... The manual is useless when having a not so typical network like most people i know... Now with a linux based firewall things were just like heaven again , i got the phoenix adaptive firewall ... and if i get assigned another subnet i just add another nic into the box ... voila ... add it on the linuxconf, add it on the firewall and im a happy guy. I've had a couple security companies try to pop my linux firewalls 3 times already no luck baby ... i can sleep at nights... just install a plain copy of linux ... stop all the services you dont need and install your firewall ... it will be a steady hard-ball-breaking firewall as the pix lovers describe the pix. I just think Cisco is over rated, over priced, over ordered, over known ... again ... just my opinion. Felo
Configuring a PIX is no different whether you have one subnet or 1000 subnets. If you had problems due to multiple subnets, it is more than likely a routing issue. i would like to hear more specifics of exactly where you had problems with the multiple subnet issue. I have configured the PIX on networks with literally hundreds of subnets, and never once had any issues (other than the fact that access-lists can get a bit long and confusing). But you still have the same problem on linux FW's
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