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May/June 2010 Volume 16, Number 5/6 Table of Contents
Xihui Zhen Content Digital Innovations <firstname.lastname@example.com>doi:10.1045/may2010-zhen
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China began its digital library development in the mid-1990s with a series of studies and pilot projects. Beginning in 2000, a number of national-level digital library projects, proposed separately by the National library of China, National Technology and Science Library, China Academic Library and Information System, National Science Library were approved, moving the China Digital Library effort into the implementation phase. These national projects are currently building, and the greatest challenges for these project today are in areas of application: digital resources construction, design of services provision, etc. Some universities, colleges and industries have begun implementing their digital libraries. Their shorter development time and smaller scale have produced substantive results which will prove to be beneficial across the China Digital Library effort.
Since 1980, the widespread deployment of Internet and information technology has had a deep impact on people's daily life, including their way of work, study, and living. The Internet is becoming an important communication channel among the Chinese people. The Internet has also given birth to the concept of digital libraries, a new form of managed information sharing and service provision.
Beginning in 1995, the National Library of China has followed the development of digital libraries in the international community, marking the beginning of Chinese digital library development. Although China started late compared to the US and other developed countries, its development has been quickly catching up. Generally speaking, the development of Chinese digital library efforts can be viewed in three developmental phases: the conceptual introduction phase (between 1995 and 1996), the technical exploration phase (from 1996 to 2000), and the application development phase (from 2001 to now). Each of these phases has a unique development pattern and set of achievements.
In 1995, the 62nd International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) meeting took place in Beijing. The concept of digital libraries received its first widespread attention in China at that time, and has gained more and more in importance ever since.
It is also in this period of time that the Chinese library community started to realize that the future of library development lay in the development of digital libraries, and started to pay close attention to the research and development of digital library technologies in the international community. Various research and study groups were formed over these years to study digital library development, its conceptual and operational aspects, and those fundamental technologies that would be critical for its future development.
As the idea of the digital library becomes increasingly popular, so does the theoretical research on digital libraries. According to statistics published in the National Journal Index published by Shanghai Library, the number of research theses relating to digital libraries has almost doubled every year since 1994. For example, in 1999, the number of research theses on digital libraries increased over 130% over 1998. According to statistics collected from Xiaoyu Lan, 663 research theses related to digital library research were published in 22 major journals of library study and/or information study between 1994 and 2001.
In addition to the large number of journal articles, books dedicated to digital library research began to appear, starting in 1997. A few of the more influential books include: Digital Library, from theory to practice by Guorong Wu (XueLing Publisher, 2000), Digital Library, theory and technical implementation by Wen Gao, etc. (Tsinghua University Publisher, 2000), Introduction to Digital Library by Wei Liu (Shanghai Science & Technology Publisher, 2001). Also available is the Chinese translation of the book Digital Libraries by Williams Y. Arms (Electrical Engineering Publisher, 2001).
Scholarly exchanges with the international community became very active during this period. Well-known international scholars were invited to visit China and introduce their practices in digital library development. Chinese scholars also visited many countries to conduct field studies of digital library practice. Activities like these set a solid foundation for the rapid development of digital library efforts in China.
As digital library related research and development gained widespread notice, a set of official projects, dedicated to digital library research and experimentation, also got started. These projects were sponsored by the Chinese government. A few of the more important research projects include: "Investigation on Digital Library Technology" a research project started in 1996, one of the national "9th five-year plan" key projects, sponsored by the Department of Education; the "Chinese Experimental Digital Library" project started in 1997, part of the national key project originated by the former National Planning Committee; the "Knowledge Network Digital Library System" started in 1998, part of the national 863/306 project; the "Zhong Guan Chun Digital Library Technology and Software Study" project, sponsored by Beijing Municipal government in 1999; the "Chinese Digital Library System based on the Chinese Information Super Highway", part of the national 863 project in 2000; the "Chinese Digital Library Research Study" project sponsored by the former National Planning Committee in 2001; the "Standards for Chinese Digital Library System" project sponsored by the Ministry of Science and Technology in 2002; and the "Internationalization and Interoperability Study of the Chinese Digital Library System" project, sponsored by the National Science Committee.
Here are some details of some of the projects that had a major impact:
This project was proposed by the Department of Culture in July 1996. It was accredited in January 1997 as a national 'prominent' project. The project was lead by the National Library of China, and was carried out in collaboration with Shanghai Library, Shenzhen Library, Zhongshan Library of Guangdong province, Library of Liaoning province, Nanjing Library, and Guilin Library of Guangxi province. The objective of the project was to develop a Chinese digital library system in which China could claim its own intellectual rights while also being compatible with the digital library technologies used in the international community. The system was mandated to have an adequate amount of digital resources in Chinese, and to be operated as a distributed digital library system. Other required features included extensibility and interoperability among its distributed components. In May 2001, the system was completed and approved by a committee of experts. The result was a distributed Chinese digital library system operated by many libraries in China. The system was targeted at the accumulation of digitized historical items, and allowed the sharing of these resources across the participating libraries. Major functionalities of the system included resource collection and refinement, resource storage and management, resource transfer and ownership management, resource registration and announcement, interface for user access, etc. Based on this system, thirty or so multimedia digital resource library collections were developed, with content ranging from travel and tourism, to biography, military history, general encyclopedia, etc. The total amount of digital resources managed by the digital library system exceeded 900 GB. A corresponding metadata database was also established as a part of the digital library system, which allowed page-wise indexing and searching across multiple library collections. Users could search for digital resources transparently across different library collections over the Internet.
In March 1999, the National Library of China started and completed its digital library system, aimed at demonstrating the life cycle of its digital resource collection. The system provided reference implementation for digital resource retrieval, metadata collection, resource distribution and selection, user interface design, and indexing and searching across different library systems. The system had a positive impact on spreading the concept of the digital library, and provided necessary experience in digital resource collection, management, and provision of service.
In May 1999, under the "Intelligent Computing Systems" project specified in the national 863 plan, a research group focusing on "Strategic Research on Chinese Digital Library Development" was established. Systematic research was done on digital library technology, implementation, operation and management, as well as related legal and policy implications.
In November 2000, the project to develop the "Tsinghua University Digital Library of Architecture" was established. It was sponsored by the Tsinghua University Research Grant, the Tsinghua University Library, the Department of Computer Engineering of Tsinghua University, and the Tsinghua University School of Architecture. Major contributions of the project included: key technologies in digitizing information resources in the field of Chinese architecture, metadata and technology standards, effective storage and management systems for digitized information resources, architectural design of digital library systems, globalization of digitized Chinese information resources and their management, theory and practice on sharing and personalization of digital library services, and the demonstration of systematic research and implementation of digital library on architecture.
The "Research and Technical Exploration" phase generated a large amount of experience within China, along with a few digital library systems implemented at an initial stage. The government provided continued funding to establish a number of national projects. This marked a new era of Chinese digital library development with the focus switched from research and exploration into practical implementation and application. At the same time, a number of regional projects on digital library implementation were planned and/or established. Many of them provided valuable feedback relevant to digital library implementation. Later on, the involvement of commercial entities further accelerated digital library development in China.
3.1 National Digital Library Implementation Projects
Beginning in 2001, the Chinese government has placed great attention on the development of digital libraries. Major funding has been provided to support the implementation of national digital library systems. Among these are: the National Digital Library project, a project on sharing cultural and educational information, the China Academic Digital Library Information System (CADLIS) project, the National Science and Technology Digital Library (NSTL) project, and the Digital Library System for the Government project. These projects constitute the core development efforts in digital library implementation in China, and have provided valuable reference and support for the development of many other digital library systems.
3.1.1 National Digital Library Project
The National Digital Library Project was established in 2002, and started its implementation phase in 2005. The goal of the project was to establish a digital library service that provides all the functionality of the Chinese National Library, and implements mechanisms and procedures for collection, digitization, and archiving of Chinese information resources, accumulates a very large amount of high quality digital resources, provides access to those resources over the Internet, establishes a platform for technical support of digital resource collection, enhancement, storage and management, provides a digitized Chinese information service in China and around the world via the Internet, establishes the largest and most complete digital Chinese information collection and provides services for it, and makes it part of the foundation of the national information service. By the end of 2009, the digital library of the Chinese National Library had established an index of more than 27 million items, accumulated more than 320 TB of digital resources and made them accessible via the library website.
In recent years, the Chinese National Library has been carrying out additional large-scale development in resource digitization, as well as continued development of a technical support platform for its digital library system. Major components of the platform are expected to be complete by the end of this year (2010), which should further improve the service quality and development of the digital library system.
3.1.2 National Cultural Information Resources Sharing Project
In April 2002, the Chinese Ministry of Culture started a project to promote the nationwide sharing of cultural information. The project targets the development of digital library applications suitable for rural areas, establishing digital libraries for cultural information resources, and making the information widely accessible over the Internet.
The National Culture and Information Development Center took charge of the project, aiming for a uniform service standard and bringing together digital library services from the Chinese National Library, regional libraries from individual provinces, cities, and counties in China. At the time of this writing, there are established digital library services in 32 provincial centers, more than 2000 county centers, and more than 415,000 town centers.
3.1.3 China Academic Digital Library Information System
The Chinese Academic Digital Library Information System (CADLIS) is the continuation of the Chinese Academic Library Information System (CALIS) project, which is based on the China-America Digital Academic Library project (CADAL). The general objective of the project is to develop Chinese digital library systems based on advanced open standards. In addition to developing a systematic approach to academic resource collection, the system is also developing user-friendly digital library services that support document retrieval, bibliographic searching, educational assistance, research and training, and customized service interfaces.
At the time of this writing, the project is starting its third development phase.
3.1.4 China Science Digital Library
In December 2001, the Chinese Science Digital Library (CSDL) project was started as part of the Knowledge and Innovations Engineering project sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The objective of the project is to provide a distributed academic information service that serves every researcher and students within the Chinese scientific community.
Collections in CSDL include publications both in Chinese and foreign languages, and include electronic journals, conference proceedings, academic theses, patents, scientific indexes, and all types of reference material. Disciplines include mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, environment studies, engineering and technology, etc. Users of CSDL can search for material across multiple distributed databases containing millions of original documents, bibliographic records, and citations. There are also dedicated librarians working on authoritative indexing guidance to help in various professional fields of study. To date specialized service interfaces have been established in support of scientific study in chemistry, environmental studies, life sciences, mathematics, and physics. Also established are portals for scientific and research policy, microbiology, ocean studies, plant and seedling studies, and contagious disease control.
3.2 Development in Regional Libraries
3.2.1 The Digital Library of Liaoning Province
The Digital Library of Liaoning Province is one of the early digital library projects in China. The project started in 1997, and is based on the digital library system developed by IBM. The project digitized more than 600,000 volumes of historical publications, and made them openly accessible over the Internet. A number of digital libraries specialized in local characteristics and/or history events were also established, including the digital library of September 18th memorial, the digital library of General Xue-liang Zhang, the digital library for the industrial development in northeastern states, etc.
3.2.2 The Digital Library of Guandong Province
The Digital Library of Guangdong Province is one of the largest and most advanced digital library systems developed by a state province. The project started in the year 2000, and has made major contributions in large volume resource integration and management, long distance resource acquisition, copyright protection, and federated bibliographic search and inquiry. The library system is fully functional after four years of development and testing. Currently, the library contains more than 1,200,000 volumes of electronic books, more than 30,000,000 volumes of journal publications, 800,000 volumes of doctorial theses, and more than 300,000 research papers and conference proceedings. The library provides an integrated digital library service based on collections from more than 30 different database systems, and has made great contributions in public service.
The digital library of Guangdong also established an online customer service center, and established an inter-library service with more than twenty foreign and domestic libraries. The response time for the online customer service center is frequently as little as serveral minutes. From January 1, 2010 to March 11, 2010, the service center resolved more than 200,000 customer inquires, and delivered more than 600,000 published works via its inter-library resource sharing system. The library is quickly becoming one of the most popular digital libraries both internationally and domestically.
3.2.3 DOI and Wanfang Data Corporation
Wanfang Data is a leading provider of journals and other content. In 2007, Wanfang Data and Chinese Research Institute of Science and Technology formed the first DOI (Digital Object Identifier) registration agency in China. The system provides a service framework that is interoperable with publishers all over the world for persistent identification, managing intellectual content, managing metadata, and linking customers with content suppliers in China. The registration service is growing rapidly, and has become the second largest DOI registry in the world. By April 2010, there are more than 1.3 million volumes of Chinese publications registered in the Chinese DOI registry.
Digital library development in China has entered an implementation phase in recent years. Due to the large scale of many of the national projects, they will have a very long implementation cycle, and require a large amount of prerequisite work in collection development. This naturally results in a delay of service implementation and the development of some key functionality. Regional libraries in general seem to do better in these aspects.
Generally speaking, the following issues remain to be better addressed in Chinese digital library development:
While there are many digital library projects currently in place or about to begin, there is an overall lack of information exchange and collaboration across these projects. Duplicate efforts on standards have been carried out in various projects, which may hurt the continued development in digital library implementation. There is also a lack of general guidance or overall planning of the digital library development from the central government.
Standard practices need to be carried out across different digital libraries in resource production, description, organization, service and operation to guarantee the persistence and interoperability of digital library services. Such standard making efforts have been a bit late in Chinese digital library communities, and could result in a negative impact to continued development.
On one hand, digital library systems must provide adequate protection of the intellectual rights of the owners of digital resources. On the other hand, these systems must provide convenient and easy access for their user communities. A reasonable and effective approach must be established to balance these two aspects of library service. An effective solution for the protection of intellectual rights has been a bottleneck in digital library development in China. While most digital library implementations took appropriate consideration for the protection of intellectual rights, a lack of clear regulations for intellectual rights protection has limited the effective use of digital libraries in many ways, and could continue to hold back continued development.
With support at all levels of Chinese government, and with over ten years of investigation, research, experiment, and implementation, digital library development in China has seen great advances. Many national, regional, and commercial digital libraries systems have been established. A common understanding of the overall architectural framework of digital library systems has also been reached.
Constant improvement in computing, telecommunications, and information technology will keep broadening the coverage of digital library services, making them more flexible and more efficient. Collaboration across multiple research disciplines including, but not limited to, computer engineering and networking, library research and operation, sociology, and law and policy, will continue to form and help improve digital library services. Digital library systems, as a new form of information management and service, will continue to gain usage and increase in importance.
Copyright © 2010 Xihui Zhen


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YAZOO & MISSISSIPPI VALLEY RAILROAD COMPANY, Plff. in Err., v. JACKSON VINEGAR COMPANY.
33 S.Ct. 40
57 L.Ed. 193
YAZOO & MISSISSIPPI VALLEY RAILROAD COMPANY, Plff. in Err.,
No. 57.
Decided December 2, 1912.
Messrs. Edward Mayes and Charles N. Burch for plaintiff in error.
Mr. William H. Watkins for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice Van Devanter delivered the opinion of the court:
This was an action to recover damages from a railway company for the partial loss of a shipment of vinegar carried over the company's line from one point to another in the state of Mississippi. This case originated in a justice's court and was taken on appeal to the circuit court of Hinds county, where the plaintiff recovered a judgment for actual damages and $25 as a statutory penalty. That being the highest court in the state to which the case could be carried, it was then brought here. The position of the railway company, unsuccessfully taken in the state court and now renewed, is that the Mississippi statute providing for the penalty is repugnant to the due process of law and equal protection clauses of the 14th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. The statute reads:
'Railroads, corporations, and individuals engaged as common carriers in this state are required to settle all claims for lost or damaged freight which has been lost or damaged between two given points on the same line or system, within sixty days from the filing or written notice of the loss or damage with the agent at the point of destination; and where freight is handled by two or more roads or systems of roads, and is lost or damaged, claims therefor shall be settled within ninety days from the filing of written notice thereof, with the agent by consignee at the point of destination. A common carrier failing to settle such claims as herein required shall be liable to the consignee for $25 damages in each case, in addition to actual damages, all of which may be recovered in the same suit: Provided that this section shall only apply when the amount claimed is $200 or less.' Laws 1908, 205, chap. 196.
The facts showing the application made of the statute are these: The plaintiff gave notice of its claim in the manner prescribed, placing its damages at $4.76, and, upon the railway company's failure to settle within sixty days, sued to recover that sum and the statutory penalty. Upon the trial the damages were assessed at the sum stated in the notice, and judgment was given therefor, with the penalty. Thus, the claim presented in advance of the suit, and which the railway company failed to settle within the time allotted, was fully sustained.
As applied to such a case, we think the statute is not repugnant to either the due process of law or the equal protection clause of the Constitution, but, on the contrary, merely provides a reasonable incentive for the prompt settlement, without suit, of just demands of a class admitting of special legislative treatment. See Seaboard Air Line R. Co. v. Seegers, 207 U. S. 73, 52 L. ed. 108, 28 Sup. Ct. Rep. 28; St Louis, I. M. & S. R. Co. v. Wynne, 224 U. S. 354, 56 L. ed. 799, 42 L.R.A. (N.S.) 102, 32 Sup. Ct. Rep. 493.
Although seemingly conceding thus much, counsel for the railway company urge that the statute is not confined to cases like the present, but equally penalizes the failure to accede to an excessive or extravagant claim; in other words, that it contemplates the assessment of the penalty in every case where the claim presented is not settled within the time allotted, regardless of whether, or how much, the recovery falls short of the amount claimed. But it is not open to the railway company to complain on that score. It has not been penalized for failing to accede to an excessive or extravagant claim, but for failing to make reasonably prompt settlement of a claim which, upon due inquiry, has been pronounced just in every respect. Of course, the argument to sustain the contention is that, if the statute embraces cases such as are supposed, it is void as to them, and, if so void, is void in toto. But this court must deal with the case in hand, and not with imaginary ones. It suffices, therefore, to hold that, as applied to cases like the present, the statute is valid. How the state court may apply it to other cases, whether its general words may be treated as more or less restrained, and how far parts of it may be sustained if others fail, are matters upon which we need not speculate now. New York ex rel. Hatch v. Reardon, 204 U. S. 152, 160, 51 L. ed. 415, 422, 27 Sup. Ct. Rep. 188, 9 Ann. Cas. 736; Lee v. New Jersey, 207 U. S. 67, 70, 52 L. ed. 106, 107, 28 Sup. Ct. Rep. 22; Southern R. Co. v. King, 217 U. S. 524, 534, 54 L. ed. 868, 871, 30 Sup. Ct. Rep. 594; Collins v. Texas, 223 U. S. 288, 295, 56 L. ed. 439, 443, 32 Sup. Ct. Rep. 286; Standard Stock Food Co. v. Wright, 225 U. S. 540, 550, 56 L. ed. 1197, 1201, 32 Sup. Ct. Rep. 784.
The judgment is accordingly affirmed.
The following state regulations pages link to this page.

subset: commoncrawl


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January was a long month so I've got quite a list for you. I may consider doing these more often if readers think there are too many items for a single list.
Self-Service Business Intelligence Governance - Essential reading/watching for anyone planning to deliver self-service business intelligence.
Five Stages of Data Grief - we've all been through this, "If you don't think you have a quality problem with your data you haven't looked at it yet".
Functional Programming
Maybe that shouldn't be settable - Bringing some of the F# Option type goodness into a C# world.
Software Process
Five Tips to Get Your Organisation Releasing Software Frequently - my team score well on these but culturally I can see some being quite difficult to implement, particularly around the devops style organisation of teams.
Pairing vs. Code Review: Comparing Developer Cultures - pros and cons for each style of quality culture. Which, if any, is best?
Is Agile BI Really a Better Mousetrap? - A great article on the benefits of agile BI. This really appeals due to its use of development process business intelligence - measure and optimise just like we preach to our customers.
Using Vertical Slicing and Estimation to make Business Decisions at Adobe - A good look at the release planning process at Adobe with some nice techniques discussed.
Personal Development
Of Orcs and Software Craftsmanship - Best quote of the month if you are a parent: "These are the types of error messages that make debugging a software like debugging a 2 month old baby."
Yak Shaving Defined - Sometimes if feels like this all day long in software.
Organisational Behaviour
Performance Reviews Are Not Useful; Feedback Is - Personally I think performance reviews are something that human resources departments mandate; feedback is something that leaders give.
If Managers Don't Give Performance Reviews, What Happens? - Well, as it turns out, a lot of good things start to happen.
Top 10 ways to ensure your best people will quit - some common mistakes; how many have you come across?
Testing and Test Driven Development
These next three links are related and if you read the first you should also read the second and third.
The Failures of "Intro to TDD" - Justin Searls rips into the current way of teaching test driven development.
The Domain Discontinuity - Bob Martin responds comprehensively but ends with why the issue is not about test driven development but wider issues such as architecture and domain design.
Commentary on 'Roman Numerals Kata with Commentary' - Ultimately you must understand your domain before trying to do test driven development.
Default Configuration of SQL Server - Like most software, out of the box SQL is configured for the most general case and may need extra tuning for specific workloads. Thomas gives a simple set of extra configuration changes and reasons why. Also love the quote "If you are working in a bank, they may not apply to you."
Data Visualization
Announcing Power BI for Office 365 - In case you missed it, all the fancy new BI capabilities in the Microsoft cloud are publicly available now. Shame we are stuck using corporate infrastructure.
Famous Movie Quotes as Charts - A fun look at communication in chart form.
Ten Tips and Tricks for New Tableau users - A rather nausea inducing format but useful tips for making great Tableau dashboards.
Power Tools for Tableau - Desperate for some sort of an API with Tableau? This may be the answer.
Statistics and Data Analysis
Revolution Analytics - Want to run 'R' statistics against your Hadoop data? This seems to be the way to do it…
Learn R interactively with the swirl package - It looks like R is going to be an important tool for us so anything that makes it easier to learn is a bonus.
Learn Data Science Online with DataCamp - Similarly, learning data science online and interactively.
Analysis of Health Inspection Data using F# - Another great example of using F# (and D3) to analyse data quickly and easily.
Big Data
Big Data: The organizational challenge - Some interesting stats comparing companies with the best analytic capabilities vs. those that don't.
Update on Stinger: the view from a Microsoft Committer - Stinger is the Hortonworks initiative for faster SQL queries against Hadoop. This article describes some of the recent performance gains.
How To Install Hadoop on Windows with HDP 2.0 - Get Hadoop running on Windows with a minimum of fuss. However, our local Hadoop expert recommends you only do this at home; in the enterprise just setup a proper development cluster.
How To Use Microsoft Excel to Visualize Hadoop Data - Tutorial for visualizing Hadoop data in Excel/PowerView, this one is for stock quotes.
How to Visualize Website Clickstream Data - Another Hadoop tutorial this time on web click-stream data.
50+ Open Source Tools for Big Data - I think one of the problems with open source is it littered with cute names that do little to describe software function so here is a useful list to help you distinguish the likes of Orient, Flock, Storm and others.
Building your own web analytics system using Big Data tools - Should you build these things yourself? What are the choices? Are there any risks?
Master Data the noun in Big Data sentences - I often talk about master data and spend more time worrying about dimension design than facts. It is useful to see how this applies to big data too.
You don't have big data… - With all this talk of big data it is worth remembering that most use cases do not quality at big. Most likely you have 'hot data'.
Discuss this on Twitter or LinkedIn


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I'm writing a blog article about the above feature (under lists' Advanced settings) and I'm finding it goshdarn hard to find a definitive reference on the subject.
In short, I've heard passing reference to this setting sending e-mails to a task/issue's owner when its due date is today, is this true? If so, is this a feature in all SharePoint versions?
If there's any MSDN documentation you know of on the subject I'd be very grateful for a link.


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In a recent interview with Billboard, 20-year-old phenom Demi Lovato talked X Factor and her album Demi (released May 10). She also revealed her distaste for songs about drinking and partying: "Maybe a couple years ago I would have loved it, but I'm not the same person I was a few years ago. Now when I listen to the radio, I can't relate to a lot of it." We're glad to hear the rehab veteran is firmly on the up-and-up.
When asked who she thought the next big star would be, Demi was unequivocal in her prediction:
"Ariana Grande. She has vocals that are just unbelievable, and I have so much respect for her because she is a true singer. She's someone that I feel like is going to have a long career because of her voice, and I think she's going to be a huge name. She's gonna be great."
Grande's star was already firmly on the rise with a couple of hits under her belt, but this endorsement just might shoot her to the moon. Demi is, after all, a professional judge.


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Chris Brown Arrested After 'Altercation' in Washington, D.C.
The singer has been charged with felony assault, police said.
Oct. 27, 2013 — -- Controversial R&B star Chris Brown has been arrested and charged with felony assault in Washington, D.C. for allegedly punching an unidentified man in the face.
Brown, 24, was arrested with his bodyguard following "an altercation" outside the W Hotel at 15th and Pennsylvania Avenue at 4:30 a.m., a DC police spokeswoman confirmed to ABC News.
Police spokesman Paul Metcalf confirmed that Brown was arrested and charged with felony assault Sunday. Metcalf told The Associated Press that 35-year-old Chris Hollosy was also was arrested on felony assault charges after the incident.
Brown will be held until court on Monday, since he is reported to be on probation and not eligible for release until seeing a judge, a source told ABC News.
Judge Revokes Chris Brown's Probation. Watch more here.
The "Forever" singer is no stranger to legal trouble. He was arrested in 2009 after he turned himself in to the Los Angeles Police Department following an incident with his then-girlfriend Rihanna. In June 2009 Brown pleaded guilty to a felony and accepted a plea deal of community labor, five years' formal probation, and domestic violence counseling.
Police told The AP that one adult male victim was injured and was reportedly taken to a hospital with injuries.
The Associated Press contributed to this report.


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The 10th International Conference on the Study and Conservation of Earthen Architectural Heritage, Terra 2008, was held in Bamako, Mali, from 1 to 5 February 2008.
It was the first Terra Conference to be held in Africa, and convened over 450 specialists in fields linked to the conservation of earthen architecture (e.g. anthropology, archaeology, architecture, engineering, scientific research, site management and sustainable development). It was positively noted that many of these experts came from developing countries, and particularly from the African region. The conference was organized by the Getty Conservation Institute and the Ministry of Culture of Mali in collaboration with UNESCO/ World Heritage Centre, Africa 2009, CRATerre, ICCROM and ICOMOS.


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Active Video Games Don't Mean Kids Exercise More
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - All that virtual boxing, bowling and dancing along with video game systems might not be helping kids meet their daily exercise requirements, a new study suggests.
In the report, kids who were given so-called active video games to play on a Nintendo Wii didn't end up logging any more moderate or vigorous physical activity than those given games they could play sitting on the couch.
Researchers said that it's still possible playing active Wii games instead of other video games or simply watching TV could mean youngsters burn a few extra calories.
But, is the Wii going to really contribute to getting those sixty minutes of physical activity (a day)? I don't think it will, said Jacob Barkley, an exercise scientist from Kent State University in Ohio who didn't participate in the new research.
Some public health researchers have hoped that active video games might be an alternative to outdoor play and sports for at least some of the physical activity kids need -- especially for those who live in unsafe neighborhoods where playing outside isn't always an option.
To try to see if that's the case, researchers from Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas, designed every kid's dream study: they passed out Wii consoles to 78 kids who didn't already have one, and gave half the kids their choice of active game -- such as Wii Sports or Dance Dance Revolution-Hottest Party 3 -- and the other half their choice of inactive game, such as Disney Sing-It Pop Hits or Super Mario Galaxy.
Halfway through the study, the kids, all nine to 12 years old and above average weight, got their choice of a second game from the same category as their first.
Tom Baranowski and his colleagues tracked the youngsters for 13 weeks, testing their physical activity levels with a motion-measuring device called an accelerometer.
Participants wore the devices on a belt during four different week-long periods throughout the study, which allowed the research team to determine when they were sedentary or lightly exercising and when they were engaged in moderate-to-vigorous exercise. Kids were generally good at complying with those instructions because if they did, they got to keep the Wii after the study was over.
Accelerometer logs showed that throughout the study period, kids with the active games didn't get any more exercise than those given inactive video games.
At weeks one, six, seven and 12, kids in the active game group got an average of 25 to 28 minutes of moderate or vigorous physical activity each day -- compared to between 26 and 29 minutes in the inactive video game group.
There was also no difference in minutes spent doing light physical activity or being sedentary during any week the researchers monitored, they reported Monday in the journal Pediatrics.
We expected that playing the video games would in fact lead to a substantial increase in physical activity in the children, Baranowski told Reuters Health.
Frankly we were shocked by the complete lack of difference.
Baranowski said his team couldn't tell if kids just didn't end up exerting much energy playing the active games, or if they compensated for exercise they got playing Wii with less exercise at other points in the day.
Though the results represent a single experiment and aren't definitive, he said, Our study indicates that there's no public health benefit from having those active video games.
Nintendo was not available for comment before deadline.
It's still possible that kids playing active Wii games burned a few extra calories during their gaming sessions that the movement device didn't pick up on -- for instance, if they were moving their arms a lot in a boxing game, Barkley said.
Over the course of a year, he said, playing an active instead of totally inactive video game could translate into a couple extra pounds of weight loss -- or fewer pounds of weight gain.
Maybe the Wii isn't going to increase physical activity a whole heck of a lot, Barkley told Reuters Health. But it might increase caloric expenditure a little bit more than a traditional sedentary video game, and if you do that on a daily basis that could have a cumulative effect that might be beneficial.
Kevin Short, who has studied exercise and video games at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center in Oklahoma City, agreed.
The Wii could serve as a potential replacement for sedentary screen time, like TV or other video games, he said.
If we could replace some of that time when they're just sitting still and not moving... with something active, that may provide some benefit, Short, who wasn't involved in the new study, told Reuters Health.
But, just because you can play soccer on the Wii, doesn't mean you should stop playing it outside.
SOURCE: bit.ly/jsoh2P Pediatrics, online February 27, 2012.
© Copyright Thomson Reuters 2024. All rights reserved.


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FLANNERY, WILLIAM, Roman Catholic priest, Basilian, teacher, and journalist; b. in Nenagh (Republic of Ireland), probably on 12 Jan. 1829, eldest son of William Flannery and Margaret Carroll; d. 21 Dec. 1901 in Borrisokane (Republic of Ireland).
William Flannery left Ireland in 1845 at the beginning of the Great Famine and went to Annonay, France, where he completed his classical studies under the direction of the Basilian fathers. He was accepted as a novice on 28 Nov. 1851, and taught English to his fellow novices at the Collège Sainte-Barbe. Soon after the reception of tonsure, he was one of four men chosen by the superior general, Father Pierre Tourvieille, to join Father Patrick Moloney in the Canadian missions. Accompanied by Jean-Mathieu Soulerin*, Joseph-B. Malbos, and Charles Vincent*, Flannery departed from France on 4 Aug. 1852 and arrived in Toronto by way of New York on 21 August. They had been invited by Bishop Armand-François-Marie de Charbonnel* to serve the growing number of Irish Catholics in the city and the surrounding missions, and to open a minor seminary for young aspirants to the priesthood. Although not yet a priest, Flannery was well equipped for missionary work in Upper Canada. He was an experienced teacher and, being Irish, would be able to relate easily to many local Catholics.
In September the Basilians established St Mary's Lesser Seminary. Flannery taught Latin during the day to the 6 youngest of the 21 boys enrolled and studied theology in the evening. He also accompanied Father Soulerin on his Sunday visitations outside the city. At Charbonnel's bidding, the seminary was merged with St Michael's College, an institution run by the Brothers of the Christian Schools at the bishop's palace. The Basilians took charge of the college and were immediately successful in attracting a large number of students to their cramped quarters inside the palace. Within a few years they were obliged to look for a site on which to erect their own building. In 1856 the new institution opened its doors at Clover Hill, the estate of John Elmsley* on the northern fringe of Toronto. Flannery, one of the college's founders, continued as a Latin instructor and eventually rose to the distinction of professor of belles-lettres. He was a natural teacher. He knew his subject thoroughly and responded well to the challenge of shaping the first generation of Toronto Catholics to receive a higher education.
Flannery was ordained a priest on 22 May 1853. In addition to his teaching position, he was given the largely Irish mission at Weston (Toronto), where he was expected to oversee the construction of a church (it was ready for worship on 17 Sept. 1854) and to say mass at least on alternate Sundays. An affable man and a persuasive preacher, he faithfully attended to the spiritual needs of Weston's Catholics for five years and also conducted services at other missions in the vast diocese of Toronto, usually in aid of the college. When he announced in July 1857 his intention to return to Ireland, the Catholics of Weston expressed their gratitude by giving him a purse of $190, nearly quadruple his annual stipend.
Resignation from Weston signalled Flannery's formal withdrawal from the Basilians. He left for two reasons. First, he strongly objected to the taking of vows, which had not been required until the general chapter of 1852. Their introduction, he felt, violated the spirit of the constitutions under which he had entered the noviciate. Secondly, his repeated refusal to take vows – instead of the traditional four promises – put him in an awkward situation in relation to his confrères who chose to submit to them. Unsure of his status in the community, and finding it increasingly difficult to live at the college, in 1857 he chose to leave.
Father Flannery suffered from divided loyalties. On the one hand, he felt indebted to the Basilians for nurturing his vocation. Indeed, he was to remain close friends with them for the rest of his days. On the other hand, according to Father John Francis Boland, "it was in the realm of parochial work that he was best suited." He was never able to reconcile the freedom he experienced at Weston with the conformity of community life at the college. Faced with a personal crisis he was, as Soulerin noted, "too prone to run."
What began as a summer holiday in his native Ireland turned into a stay of more than three years. Having turned a deaf ear to Soulerin's pleas not to abandon Toronto, Flannery forfeited the confidence and patronage of Bishop Charbonnel. Even though Flannery sincerely wished to be adopted by the diocese of Toronto, the bishop resisted his every blandishment. Stung by Charbonnel's rejection, he turned to his cousin Michael Flannery, the new bishop of Killaloe, Ireland, who made him parish priest of Toomyvara. In no time he was a favourite of his parishioners and of the press, but he harboured "a longing still for the wilds of America." His wish was fulfilled in November 1860 when he was sent to collect funds in North America for the restoration of Nenagh Castle, a medieval round tower his bishop hoped to incorporate into a new cathedral. Travelling to New York, Montreal, and Toronto, and visiting countless Irish settlements in between, Father Flannery raised the impressive sum of £600. After the money had been remitted to Ireland, Flannery settled down once more in Toronto. The new bishop, John Joseph Lynch*, a fellow Irishman, was agreeable to his request for the mission at Streetsville (Mississauga). The appointment took effect no later than October 1863. He flourished at Streetsville, remaining there until 1867. Supported by money he had collected on a lecture tour of the United States in 1866, he built a substantial presbytery in nearby Dixie (Mississauga). He was drawing up plans for St Patrick's Church in Dixie when an unfortunate dispute arose between Lynch and himself over the canonical validity of the mass wine used in the diocese. Justin DeCourtenay, the manufacturer and one of Flannery's parishioners, vehemently protested Lynch's judgement that his product was impure and thus unsuitable for sacramental purposes. Flannery took DeCourtenay's side and, according to Father Denis O'Connor* in November 1867, "spoke his mind freely" during the quarrel. His indiscretion cost him the support of yet another bishop, and he was obliged to leave Streetsville. A brief interlude in St Francis de Sales parish, in Pickering, was followed by yet another flight home to Ireland.
Bishop John Walsh* of Sandwich (Windsor), Ont., intervened on Flannery's behalf. He invited the priest to become his personal secretary, a position he would hold until 1869. During his time in London (the episcopal see from 1868), Flannery canvassed every parish and mission in the diocese for money to liquidate the huge debt left by Bishop Pierre-Adolphe Pinsoneault*, Walsh's predecessor. In less than a year the entire amount of $30,000 had been paid off. It is difficult to estimate how much Flannery himself collected, but the extraordinary pace at which the debt was eliminated must have been due largely to his performance from the pulpit. Perfectly bilingual, he successfully appealed to the generous spirit of both English- and French-speaking Catholics in the area.
After a year as temporary administrator of the mission in Amherstburg, Flannery was transferred to Holy Angels parish in St Thomas in September 1870. The peripatetic priest had finally found a home. The 28 years he spent there were the most stable and productive of his life. He replaced the 1830 frame church with a larger one built of brick at a cost of $14,000. The new church, located on Talbot Street in the heart of the town, was opened on 10 Nov. 1872. A Catholic school was set up in the old building for some years. When a new, brick structure was completed in 1879, a section was reserved as a convent for the Sisters of St Joseph [see Catherine Anne Campbell*], who were then placed in charge of the school's daily operations. Flannery himself collected $1,000 for the down payment on the school by knocking on every door in town, regardless of the occupant's religion.
Flannery strengthened the spiritual bonds of Catholicism in St Thomas by nurturing the church's prosperity and security. Although Catholics composed only a fraction of the town's total population, he was able to coax out of them loyalty and support enough to make Catholicism a force to be feared and respected. His parishioners' fondness for Flannery was publicly manifested in the lavish celebrations staged in 1878 to mark the 25th anniversary of his ordination, and in 1895 for the 25th anniversary of his service as their parish priest. So supportive were his parishioners that they agreed in the 1880s to pay him a salary of $1,000 per annum.
During his incumbency at St Thomas, Flannery was active as well in Catholic journalism. For many years he was the associate editor of the Catholic Record (London), and his editorials and leading articles were noted by his contemporaries for their considerable learning and disarming wit. He was also a contributor to the Catholic Register in Toronto. However, in accordance with the prevailing custom, his work for both newspapers appeared anonymously. It remains practically impossible to trace what originated from his pen. The one identifiable piece is Defence of the Jesuits, a compilation of his letters on the Jesuits' estates question which was published in London as a pamphlet around 1889. The publication arose out of a war of words he conducted on the pages of St Thomas and London newspapers, chiefly with the Reverend Benjamin Fish Austin*, principal of the Methodist Alma Ladies' College and the author of an inflammatory anti-Jesuit broadside. Never one to offend his many Protestant friends, Flannery none the less felt duty-bound to intervene. His uncompromising replies to each of Austin's major charges against the Jesuits succeeded in destroying the minister's every objection. The Defence solidified Flannery's reputation as a first-rate writer with an encyclopaedic knowledge of church history and theology. He showed himself to be a steadfast Catholic apologist guided from first to last by the weight of evidence and the force of reason. For his pains, Flannery was awarded an honorary dd by Georgetown College in Washington, D.C., in 1892.
In September 1898 Flannery was promoted dean of Windsor and was made parish priest of St Alphonsus Church in the centre of the city. Sadly, his remaining years were consumed by a dispute with a small number of his parishioners, including the Pacaud family, publishers of Le Progrès, over the way he spoke French from the pulpit. His life was made miserable by their complaints. In the end he had to defend himself against his own curate, Father Joseph-Napoléon Ferland, who had written a lengthy memoir to the apostolic delegate charging that the historical rights of French Catholics at St Alphonsus were being ignored by their Irish pastor. In a 13-page reply, Flannery patiently corrected Ferland's many factual errors.
Tired and embittered, and no doubt worn down by advancing age, Flannery did not object to his removal, by mid January 1901, to the country parish of St Columban's. He had been there only a few months before he was stricken with an attack of paralysis. Fearing the end was at hand, he decided to make one last visit to Ireland. He had not been home since 1896, when he had been a delegate to the Irish Race Convention. While visiting his sister in Borrisokane, a few miles from his birthplace, he suffered a second stroke and died.
Father Flannery had been a Tory in Canadian politics and a fervent Home Ruler in Irish matters. Although he had not persevered as a Basilian, once given the proper milieu in which to thrive he had become a model parish priest, an accomplished and prolific Catholic journalist, and a well-respected public figure. An intelligent and educated man, he might have achieved greater fame if, as Henry James Morgan* noted in 1898, he had been "ambitious enough to covet the honours of authorship."
[A genealogy of the subject's family was prepared for the author by Nancy Murphy of the Nenagh District Heritage Centre (Nenagh, Republic of Ire.) from indexed transcripts of baptismal and marriage registers in the possession of the Nenagh District Heritage Soc. m.p.]
Arch. Basiliennes d'Annonay, France, M1/42; N5/54, 5J; N5/378–79, 411–12. Arch. of the Diocese of London, Ont., M.F.F., 1.2.1. (J.-N. Ferland, mémoire à Mgr Falconio; Flannery to Falconio, replying to Ferland report); J.W., R.O.D. (John Walsh papers, reg. of official docs.), D-3. Arch. of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toronto, C (Charbonnel papers), A-252; A-263; A-264, AB 14.75; A-265; "The history of Dixie parish – covering Mississauga, 1856–1913"; L (Lynch papers), AH11.08. Georgetown Univ. Arch. (Washington), Commencement program, 21 June 1892. Superintendent Registrar's Office, Nenagh, Death certificate, Borrisokane, no.451. Univ. of St Michael's College Arch. (Toronto), R. J. Scollard, "Notes on the history of the Congregation of Priests of Saint Basil," vols.I, VII–VIII, XIV, XXIII, XXVI, LV (transcripts). Catholic Record (London), 31 Jan. 1879, 16 May 1885, 28 Dec. 1901. Daily Times (St Thomas, Ont.), 24 Feb. 1912: 9. Evening Record (Windsor, Ont.), 30 Aug. 1892, 24 Dec. 1900, 16 June 1901. London Free Press, 24 Dec. 1901. Nenagh News and Tipperary Vindicator, 4 Jan. 1902. Tipperary Advocate (Nenagh), 3 Nov. 1860; 25 May, 13 July 1861. Toronto Mirror, 20 Aug. 1852; 27 May 1853; 25 Aug., 15 Sept. 1854; 17 July 1857. B. F. Austin, The Jesuits: their origins, history, aims, principles, immoral teaching, their expulsions from various lands and condemnation by Roman Catholic and Protestant authorities (St Thomas, 1889). F. J. Boland, "An analysis of the problems and difficulties of the Basilian fathers in Toronto, 1850–1860" (phd thesis, Univ. of Ottawa, 1955). Canadian men and women of the time (Morgan; 1898). The city and diocese of London, Ontario, Canada: an historical sketch . . . , comp. J. F. Coffey (London, 1885). Brian De Breffney, Castles of Ireland (London, Eng., 1977). D. F. Gleeson and H. G. Leask, "The castle and manor of Nenagh," Royal Soc. of Antiquaries of Ire., Journal (Dublin), 66 (1936): 247–69. James Hanrahan, The Basilian fathers (1822–1972): a documentary study of one hundred and fifty years of the history of the Congregation of Priests of St. Basil (Toronto, 1973). History and album of the Irish Race Convention, which met in Dublin the first three days of September, 1896 . . . (Dublin, [1897]). Charles Roume, A history of the Congregation of St. Basil to 1864, trans. K. J. Kirley and W. J. Young (Toronto, 1975). R. J. Scollard, Dictionary of Basilian biography: lives of members of the Congregation of Priests of Saint Basil from its beginnings in 1822 to 1968 (Toronto, 1969), 56. L. K. Shook, "St. Michael's College: the formative years, 1850–1853," CCHA Report, 17 (1950): 37–52. Thomas West, History of the St. Thomas parish, 1830–1921 (n.p., 1921).
© 1994–2024 University of Toronto/Université Laval
Cite This Article
Michael Power, "FLANNERY, WILLIAM," in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 13, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed March 4, 2024, http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/flannery_william_13E.html.
The citation above shows the format for footnotes and endnotes according to the Chicago manual of style (16th edition). Information to be used in other citation formats:
Permalink: | http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/flannery_william_13E.html |
Author of Article: | Michael Power |
Title of Article: | FLANNERY, WILLIAM |
Publication Name: | Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 13 |
Publisher: | University of Toronto/Université Laval |
Year of publication: | 1994 |
Year of revision: | 1994 |
Access Date: | March 4, 2024 |


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Attention CME learners: Once you click "Enroll/Claim Credit" below, your account is credited right away. Please select only if you participated in this session.
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- 1.00 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™The University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville designates this live activity for a maximum of 1.00 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
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Old English flEogan to fly -- more at FLY
Friday, March 8, 2013
International Women's Day
1 comment:
- Ganga Renjith said...
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Qoileez! are small rubber coils in a wide variety of colors and patterns: dots, stripes, stars, animal prints, and surprise mixes! They are sold in basic packages of seven for $4.99 or deluxe packages of 14 for $7.99.
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- March 19, 2013 at 11:50 AM


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Using HTML in a Sugar Activity is not new. The Wikipedia Activity has been embedding HTML contents for years. It does this by integrating into the Activity two things: the Sugar browser to render HTML and an HTTP server to react to user clicks by calling Python code.
To learn more on how to Develop Sugar Activities Using HTML5 read the new chapter on the How to Develop your Sugar Activities Manual.


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In the far east of Russia, on a peninsula called Kamchatka, are stunningly surreal-looking ice caves that are formed under incredibly interesting conditions. Fire and ice are involved, or volcanoes and glaciers. As EPOD states about one, "It was formed by a stream flowing from the hot springs associated with the Mutnovsky volcano. This stream flows beneath glacial ice on the flanks of Mutnovsky. Because glaciers on Kamchatka volcanoes have been melting in recent years, the roof of this cave is now so thin that sunlight penetrates through it, eerily illuminating the icy structures within."
Kamachatka lies at similar latitudes to Great Britain. It experiences extremely cold winters and is covered in snow from October to late May. The peninsula is also known for a chain of active volcanoes that make up the peninsula's spine.
Interestingly, until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Kamchatka Peninsula was strictly off-limits to foreigners and most Russians. There was a military base on the southern end of the peninsula, which housed submarines that carried nuclear ballistic missiles. Since that time, it has increasingly becoming a popular spot for adrenaline junkies, especially those looking to experience extreme winter sports in a near pristine environment. Photographers have also been discovering all that the Kamchatka Pensinsula has to offer, as you can see here.
As photographer Denis Budko states, "These snow caves, are usually hidden from foreign eyes under big thicknesses of snow…"


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The Gospel According to Feuding Academics
The Jewish Gospels
By Daniel Boyarin
The New Press, 224 pages, $21.95
The Jewish Jesus: How Judaism and Christianity Shaped Each Other
By Peter Schäfer
Princeton University Press, 370 pages, $35
As someone who writes in the academic world and the worlds of journalism, activism and the popular press, I've been painfully aware of some differences among them. Good scholarship complicates, good activism simplifies. Good academic work is generally specific and obscure, but good popular work requires the general, the relatable.
These tensions are all at play in the recent bumper crop of books on Jesus and Judaism (this is the Forward's fourth review of such books in this calendar year). Some have been scholarly and dense, others popular and outright ridiculous in the claims they have made.
And some, like Daniel Boyarin's "The Jewish Gospels" and Peter Schäfer's "The Jewish Jesus," seem caught in between. Both books are by esteemed scholars whose work is deservedly well known, and whom I myself have studied for 20 years (Boyarin, in fact, was my master's advisor at Hebrew University many years ago). Yet both appear to make a misguided case for a wider readership. Their provocative titles are ultimately misleading: Boyarin's book barely touches on the Gospels, and Schäfer's is not about Jesus. Furthermore, while their introductions purport to appeal to a large audience, the body of each book is actually standard academic fare: detailed, attentive, a bit dry and highly intellectual. Not that there's anything wrong with that.
The two scholars are also locked in the kind of intellectual death match that goes on all the time in the academy but probably looks like a catfight from the outside. In a scalding takedown of Boyarin's book in The New Republic, Schäfer wrote that "Boyarin's book leaves the reader irritated and sad. It has very little that is new to offer — and what appears to be new is wildly speculative and highly idiosyncratic."
Ouch! As if that weren't enough, Schäfer goes on to accuse Boyarin of the cardinal sin of academe: not being aware of prior scholarship. Boyarin, Schäfer says, "does not even bother to mention the relevant literature. Instead he pretends to have invented this wheel." Certainly, there is no graver transgression; the scholar is either a dupe (stupidly not reading the books on the syllabus) or a knave (taking credit for other people's ideas). I'm not sure which is worse.
Okay, well, underneath all the sniping, what are these books, and this controversy, really about?
The books, and the fight, are about the relationship of Judaism and Christianity. Once upon a time, Christianity was regarded as the "daughter religion" of Judaism. Christianity grew out of Judaism, but the two faiths were different, distinct and sharply divided on critical issues, such as whether God had a son and whether Jesus was Him.
No one in academia believes this picture anymore. In fact, as Boyarin and Schäfer have both shown in their work for years, the borders between Judaism and early Christianity are porous and artificial — drawn by elites precisely because they were routinely being effaced by everyone else. In previous books, such as "Border Lines: The Partition of Judaeo-Christianity" and "A Radical Jew," Boyarin has shown how Christian Jews in the first centuries of the Common Era drew from existing Jewish traditions in constructing their new iteration of Judaism, while Schäfer and others have conversely shown how rabbinic Judaism responded to, rejected and sometimes incorporated ideas from the new Christian sect. As Schäfer writes in "The Jewish Jesus," "if we wish to evaluate 'Judaism' and 'Christianity' in the first centuries C.E. from a historian's point of view, we need to stay away from the dogmatic notion of two firmly established religions."
These ideas are not unique to Schäfer and Boyarin. I remember learning 20 years ago from Israel Yuval how liturgy in the Passover Seder was an explicit rejoinder to the Last Supper, and an explicit adaptation of the classical Symposium.
Ah, but in academe, the biggest fights are always about the smallest details.
Boyarin, in "The Jewish Gospels," argues — backed up by impeccable research and readings of biblical and apocryphal literature — that Jewish texts before Jesus had notions of an incarnated Divine figure in human form (the "Son of Man"), and even a trifurcated or bifurcated Deity. The notion of a suffering and even dying messiah drew from both Isaiah and Daniel, Boyarin says. And by the way, Jesus kept kosher. Ultimately, Boyarin says, "the theology of the Gospels, far from being a radical innovation within Israelite religious tradition, is a highly conservative return to the very most ancient moments within that tradition."
At first, Schäfer would seem to agree, which, of course, is why he ultimately disagrees so strongly. Schäfer's book (initially titled, according to the introduction, "The Birth of Judaism From the Spirit of Christianity") shows — also with erudition and admirably excruciating attention to detail — that the rabbis of the Talmud, particularly the Babylonian Talmud, were quite aware that older Jewish traditions could give rise to binitarian notions of God and to Divine-human figures with supernal powers: Enoch, Metatron, David, the angels and even some notions of Adam fit this bill. And Christianizing Jews did indeed connect the dots, which is why the Babylonian rabbis responded to them so forcefully.
To put it perhaps too simply, Boyarin's book shows how Judaism created Christianity, Schäfer's book shows how Christianity created Judaism, and both books agree that the very categories are problematic.
Ironically, outside the academic world, the differences between Schäfer and Boyarin matter far less than what the writers agree upon. Schäfer says that the Jewishness of Jesus and the Gospels are "commonplace" notions, but they are not — at least, not outside the walls of Princeton and Berkeley, where Schäfer and Boyarin (respectively) teach. Boyarin claims that "by now, almost everyone recognizes that the historical Jesus was a Jew who followed ancient Jewish ways." Really? Maybe "almost everyone" in a graduate seminar, but not in the rest of the world. There is certainly a need for a popular, accessible presentation of the ideas Boyarin and Schäfer almost take for granted. Yet while both "The Jewish Jesus" and "The Jewish Gospels" are models of scholarly research (even if we grant Schäfer's complaints about Boyarin), neither is that book.
To be sure, Boyarin's often tries to be. The book is a weird juxtaposition of colloquial jargon (philosophical ideas appear "on the scene," a theological innovation is a "doozy") on the one hand, and un-transliterated Greek words on the other. Its title, overreaching promotional copy and breathless introduction by Jack Miles, the Pulitzer Prize-winning author of "God: A Biography," suggest an effort to reach a wider audience than those who have enjoyed Boyarin's past books, which, to repeat, have more or less revolutionized our understanding of the Talmud, gender in traditional Judaism and the emergence of Christianity. But average Joes will be disappointed: Boyarin is too scholarly a scholar to dumb down anything.
Which is why, sadly, we're left with some of the risible popular books that have been reviewed in these pages recently. The core ideas of Schäfer's and Boyarin's books are provocative and important. But there's something almost naive about Boyarin's hopes that "Christians will no longer be able to claim that Jews… rejected Jesus as God," and that Jews will "stop vilifying Christian ideas about God" because of his new readings of 1 Enoch and 4 Ezra. Or that Schäfer's important distinctions between tannaim and amoraim, Babylonian literature and Palestinian literature, will trickle down into popular understanding. We're still waiting, I think, for the appropriate translation of these ideas into terms that are accessible, yet not infantilizing.
Midway through "The Jewish Jesus," Schäfer complains of a "tendency in modern scholarship to mix texts and ideas into one big meat loaf just because of some real or imaginary resemblance. After the ingredients are baked — or only half-baked — they all taste the same." This is an apt, sharp and mildly hilarious observation, although it actually applies more to popular writing than to scholarship. And therein lies the challenge these two books fail to meet. Schäfer gets worked up about the misdating of the apocryphal book of 3 Enoch, because he is a scholar and that's what scholars do. But out here in the nonacademic world, people like meat loaf.
Jay Michaelson, a contributing editor to the Forward, has recently completed his doctoral work on Jewish-Christian heresy and will soon (hopefully) have an academic position of his own.


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What Your Google Plus Strategy Should Be?
am wondering what's my Google Plus strategy should be here. Google Plus is already sucking like 5 hours per day for me in past weeks. Should reduce. Anyhow, i wonder if i should post random or what…
normally, my posts are tightly controlled. For example, 1 per 3 hours or such, selected article, dense. (never any shit such as cat pics or whatnot) But seeing lots of others especially those bigshots with thousands of followers, i think the vast majority use social network for cat pics, random chat.
then, the other large group is SEO/Marketing douche-bags. For example, boing boing is a good example. They are basically enhanced cat pics type.
Normally, i wouldn't post even this, because, who cares? think of human history, who care what some currently popular company created a so-called "social network" that each person can post and on the question of "to cat pics or not".
In general, with respect to human animal history, are most my writings is supposed to be, however trite my thoughts may be.
on the other hand, i get jealous. These idiotic sites all like becoming the $top$ sites. (prime example is facebook, which started more or less as girls pics site. Then, there's 4chan.)
on social network, esp tweeter and Google Plus, everyone is CEO this or SEO guru that. I think, implicitly it has created a competition spirit. Kinda like how everyone looks beautiful in magazines and TV. Everyone's putting on makeup to make themselves look bloated. And the whole thing is rather extremely shallow. 3 tips you must know, 5 ways to get more followers, 7 missions you must do in life, my ass. But those are the most popular titles.
these marketing, startup, human animal douche-bags. But that's what human animals want really. Even myself, i'm more inclined to click if a title sounds important or lurid. For those who really want depth, there's collections of math journals and history journals and philosophy journals, volumes of it, in the library or at google books.
another thing annoyed me is that google recently introduced its +1 shit. You see, i'm thinking of putting it on my site, but i don't want to. On one hand, i should because it helps marketing. For example, people can +1 your articles, and google will rank it higher. You lose if you don't because every goddamn stupid sites, plastered with ads, have that. But, i find the idea rather irrelevant and intrusive to readers. It's not something i want the web to become, if it has not already. You know, like today site's are plastered with tens of these "like", "add", "spread me" widgets, whose sole effect is really to benefit the Facebook and other social networking sites and marketing shit, and i think in fact overall detrimental in ranking article/site's quality.
if you are in the SEO/Marketing circle, you know that one common advise is to engage your readers. Like, at the end, ask your readers what they think. Ask them to comment, or subscribe, explicitly. It all makes sense, because it's tried and true, and in accordance to human psychology studies too. It's called reaching out.
Though, am not sure about that. Imagine Aristotle, Plato, Jane Austen, Leo Tolstoy, Emily Dickinson, …, If they lives in today's age, do you think they'd do prostitute their writings by adding "please let me know what you think?"?
If you need a Google Plus invite, see bottom of: What is Google Plus and Google Plus Songs (humor) .


text:
Why Must I Be a Crustacean in Love?
← Previous | Navigation in production order | Next → |
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Season 2 episode | |||||
Why Must I Be a Crustacean in Love? | |||||
No. | 18 | ||||
Production number | 2ACV05 | ||||
Written by | Eric Kaplan | ||||
Directed by | Brian Sheesley | ||||
Title caption | From the network that brought you "The Simpsons" | ||||
First air date | 6 February, 2000 | ||||
Broadcast number | S02E09 | ||||
Title reference | Line from the song "A Teenager in Love" by Dion and the Belmonts | ||||
Opening cartoon | My Old Kentucky Home (1926) | ||||
Nomination(s) | Annie Awards Outstanding Individual Achievement for Directing in an Animated Television Production, 2000, Brian Sheesley (won) | ||||
Additional | |||||
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Season 2 | |||||
"Why Must I Be a Crustacean in Love?" is the eighteenth episode of Futurama, the fifth of the second production season and the ninth of the second broadcast season. It aired on 6 February, 2000, on Fox. It's mating time for Dr. Zoidberg's species, and the crew travels to Decapod 10 for him to join in the frenzy. On Decapod 10, Zoidberg finds himself in a battle with Fry for the affection of Edna.
The Story
Act I: "Just 19 hours until the mating frenzy!"
Amy and Leela persuade the rest of the crew to come to the gym, as they have been getting lazy and out of shape lately; Zoidberg agrees enthusiastically, as he says he has had too much energy lately. At the gym, he begins acting strangely (for example, insisting on bench pressing hundreds of pounds of weight), and when it seems he may become violent, the crew is forced to restrain him. The Professor examines Zoidberg, and determines that he is feeling the effects of the fact that it is mating season for his species. To help him, the crew must take him to his home planet of Decapod 10, so that he can participate in the mating frenzy. Fry, Leela and Bender set off with him in the Planet Express Ship.
Act II: "You're right, my stink gland is weak!"
After arriving on Decapod 10, Zoidberg sets up an erotic display on the beach and attempts to attract a mate. After a long day of rejection, Zoidberg is ready to give up. He then encounters Edna, a female he went to high school with. After she rejects him as well, Fry offers to help win her over by teaching him how to fake love. He tells Zoidberg what to say outside Edna's apartment, and then while they are out to dinner. However, Edna is reluctant, and when Leela reveals to Edna that Fry has been instructing Zoidberg, she falls in love with Fry, invites him over to her apartment, and attempts to seduce him. Fry is horrified and attempts to escape from her, but Zoidberg catches them together and assumes the worst. Edna confirms his suspicions by announcing that she intends to mate with Fry at the frenzy, and Zoidberg responds by challenging Fry to the traditional duel of Claw-Plach.
Act III: "How will I ever get rid of my male jelly now?"
Fry and Zoidberg begin their battle to the death in the recent and sacred tradition of Claw-Plach. The winner will mate with Edna. Fry, armed with a giant nutcracker, doesn't want to fight, but holds his own against Zoidberg, who is armed with his own claws. Just when Fry has Zoidberg at his mercy, he decides not to kill him. He starts to make a moving speech about friendship, but is interrupted when Zoidberg cuts his arm off. Fry, now willing to fight to the death, retaliates by beating Zoidberg with his own severed arm. The fight suddenly stops when they realize that the other Decapodians have left to perform the mating frenzy. Zoidberg is devastated to see that Edna has chosen to mate with the Decapodian leader (who is supposed to remain celibate), and misses out on the frenzy altogether. However, it is revealed that Decapodians die after mating, and so Zoidberg's life has been spared by his failure to secure a mate. He apologizes to Fry for attempting to kill him, and the two make amends. On the way home, Zoidberg tries to reattach Fry's severed arm, but messes it up and leaves Fry with two left arms. In his effort to fix things, he then cuts off Fry's legs and, implicitly, his head.
This episode was subject to censorship by BSkyB and Pick TV.
Additional Info
- This is the first episode where Zoidberg is the main character.
- Fry, Leela, Bender, Zoidberg, and Edna eat at Red Primate, a reference to the restaurant chain Red Lobster.
- A still of Zoidberg, in the scene when he's explaining Claw-Plach to the crew, is infamous on the Internet as part of the "Why Not Zoidberg?" meme.
- The window scene where Fry coaches Zoidberg is a reference to a similar scene from "Cyrano De Bergerac".
- The story is based on the Star Trek episode "Amok Time", which is about the Vulcan mating time "Pon Farr". Some elements of the plot (namely Edna falling in love with Fry as he attempts to woo her for Zoidberg) also strongly resemble William Shakespeare's Twelfth Night, although the writers have never acknowledged this as an influence.
- The Decapodian Anthem is the distinctive fight music written by George Fried for "Amok Time", which can be found on Star Trek "Original Television Soundtrack" Volume 2, within the track "The Ritual / Ancient Battle / 2nd Kroykah". The Decapodian Emperor's accent is likely a reference to the accent of the Vulcan officiant in that episode.
- Robo-Rooter is a reference to Roto-Rooter which is a plumbing company.
- Dr. Zoidberg marks Fry's T-shirt with a Z, referencing Zorro.
- The title "Why Must I Be a Crustacean in Love?" may be a reference to the song "A Teenager in Love" also called "Why Must I Be a Teenager in Love?"
- The top weapon in the weapon case is a Vulcan Lirpa, yet another reference to "Amok Time".
- In "Mars University" Fry asks Professor Farnsworth if the monkey can talk because of genetic engineering, and the Professor replies that genetic engineering is "preposterous science-fiction mumbo-jumbo." But when Fry is inside the women's steam room, Amy makes the comment to Leela: "Psst, look what life was like before genetic engineering."
- It is possible that genetic engineering in the future is limited, and can enhance existing physical features of an animal, but cannot drastically change their brain functions, or the Professor simply forgot that genetic engineering existed.
- It is also possible that they were making a joke as his expense to make him feel uncomfortable and leave.
- Leela's nose vanishes when Zoidberg forces her to sniff his stink gland.
- When Zoidberg is chasing Fry by walking on his claws, the distance between him and Fry, the color of Zoidberg's pants, and the little teeth in between his toes change in subsequent shots.
- During the one-on-one fight between Fry and Zoidberg, Zoidberg carves the letters "Dr Z" on Fry's T-shirt. However, when Fry makes his speech to the crowd, his shirt is back to normal.
- This is the second episode where a Decapodian other than Zoidberg appears, the first being "A Fishful of Dollars".
Amy: Fool me seven times, shame on you. Fool me eight or more times, shame on me.
Fry: Maybe he has a parasite.
Hermes: Maybe he is a parasite!
Professor: We, by which I mean you, will have to rush him to his ancient homeworld, which will shortly erupt in an orgy of invertebrate sex.
Fry: Oh, baby, I'm there!
Leela: Fry, do you even understand the word invertebrate?
Fry: No, but that's not the word I'm interested in. No need to pack pants, people! Let's roll!
Zoidberg: It's all so complicated, with the flowers, and the romance, and the lies upon lies!
Amy: And Bender, your beer belly is so big your door won't even close. And that doesn't even make sense.
Zoidberg: Fry, look what you did, she won't shut up.
Fry: [whispering] That's normal. Just nod your head and say "Uh-huh".
Zoidberg: I choose my own claws. I want the tactile pleasure of chopping him right here, in the gonads! [points to Fry's neck]
Fry: Shh! Nobody correct him!
- Amy
- Debut: Pool Babies
- Bender
- Debut: Decapodian Emperor
- Debut: Edna
- Fry
- Hermes
- Leela
- Larry
- Debut: Nautilus
- Debut: Pregnant Pool Women
- Prof. Farnsworth
- Randy
- Debut: Seagulls
- Debut: Six-Legged Alien
- Debut: Vinny
- Zoidberg
- Debut: Red Primate
Episode Credits
- Writer
- Director
- Voice Actors


text:
SEATTLE -- Richard Sherman did a CenturyLink Leap. Fjallraven Sac Soldes . Golden Tate grabbed a 12th Man flag and circled the field with it. Even team owner Paul Allen made an appearance and gave a victory speech. The Seattle Seahawks are headed to the Big Apple for the Super Bowl. "To see all our work that we put in -- the mornings, the nights, the weights, all your life, as a young player and in the NFL," Malcolm Smith said after his end zone interception with 22 seconds remaining clinched the 23-17 victory over the San Francisco 49ers on Sunday. "Its amazing." Seattles top-ranked defence forced three fourth-quarter turnovers, and Russell Wilson threw a 35-yard touchdown pass on fourth down for the winning points. Seattle will meet Denver (15-3) for the NFL title in two weeks in the New Jersey Meadowlands. Its the first trip to the big game for the Seahawks (15-3) since they lost to Pittsburgh after the 2005 season. The conference champs had the best records in the league this year, the second time the top seeds have gotten to the Super Bowl in 20 seasons. It also is a classic confrontation of Denvers record-setting offence led by Peyton Manning against the NFLs stingiest defence. Denver opened as a 1-point favourite over Seattle on the Glantz-Culver Line. "It will be a great matchup," coach Pete Carroll said. "I think its an extraordinary opportunity to go against a guy that set all the records in the history of the game." Moments after Sherman tipped Colin Kaepernicks pass to Smith for the interception, the All-Pro cornerback jumped into the stands behind the end zone, saluting the Seahawks raucous fans. With 12th Man flags waving everywhere, and "New York, New York" blaring over the loudspeakers, CenturyLink Field rocked like never before. "Thats as sweet as it gets," said Sherman, who also went into several rants about 49ers wideout Michael Crabtree, whom he called a "sorry receiver." "This is really special," added Carroll, who has turned around the Seahawks in four seasons in charge. "It would really be a mistake to not remember the connection and the relationship between this football team and the 12th Man and these fans. Its unbelievable." San Francisco (14-5) led 17-13 when Wilson, given a free play as Aldon Smith jumped offside, hurled the ball to Jermaine Kearse, who made a leaping catch in the end zone. Steven Hauschka then kicked his third field goal following Kam Chancellors pick, and Smith intercepted in the end zone on the 49ers final possession. "This feels even sweeter, with the amazing support we have had from the 12th Man," Allen said, comparing this Super Bowl trip to the previous one. Until Seattles top-ranked defence forced a fumble and had two interceptions in the final period, the game was marked by big offensive plays in the second half. That was somewhat shocking considering the strength of both teams defences. And those plays came rapidly. Marshawn Lynch, in full "Beast Mode," ran over a teammate and then outsped the 49ers to the corner of the end zone for a 40-yard TD, making it 10-10. Kaepernick then was responsible for consecutive 22-yard gains, hitting Crabtree, then rushing to the Seattle 28. His fumble on the next play was recovered by centre Jonathan Goodwin, who even lumbered for 2 yards. Anquan Boldin outleapt All-Pro safety Earl Thomas on the next play for a 26-yard touchdown. Then, Doug Baldwin, who played for 49ers coach Jim Harbaugh at Stanford, stepped up -- and through San Franciscos coverage -- on a scintillating 69-yard kickoff return that made the stadium shake for the first time all day. That set up Hauschkas 40-yard field goal. And a frantic finish. Seattle took its first lead on Wilsons throw to Kearse with 13:44 left, and CenturyLink rocked again. The place went silent soon after when Niners All-Pro linebacker NaVorro Bowman sustained an ugly left knee injury midway and was carted off. Bowman, who was having a huge game, had forced a fumble at the San Francisco 1, but Lynch recovered. "I never heard him yell like that, or even stay down for a moment," teammate Patrick Willis said of Bowman. The Seahawks had gotten their first turnover moments earlier when Cliff Avril stripped Kaepernick and Michael Bennett recovered. But Lynch and Wilson botched a handoff on fourth down on the play after Bowmans injury. It took only two plays for Chancellor to haul in Kaepernicks underthrow to Boldin, and Hauschkas 47-yarder ended the scoring. But not the excitement. Kaepernick, who rushed for 130 yards, got San Francisco to the Seattle 18 with his arm. But his pass for Crabtree was brilliantly tipped by Sherman to Smith. "We knew it would come down to us in the back end to win this thing," Sherman said. The final play was similar to last years Super Bowl ending, when Kaepernick missed Crabtree in the end zone from the 5 and Baltimore survived. "Its tough. Any time you get this close to the Super Bowl and lose, its pretty upsetting," tight end Vernon Davis said. "We just didnt get it. Weve been down this road before in the same kind of situation. Its hard." Whether it was nerves or just a great play by Aldon Smith, Wilson fumbled on Seattles first snap. Smith got credit for a sack and a recovery, too -- a defenders dream -- at the Seahawks 15. More staunch defence followed, this time by Seattle, which held and only gave up Phil Dawsons 25-yard field goal. Seattle simply had no answers for Kaepernicks runs, looking either flat-footed or plain-out lost when he took off. He gained 98 yards on the ground in the first half, including a 58-yard second-quarter run, the longest of his three-year career and the longest Seattles defence allowed all season. But he was less effective in the second half and was plagued by turnovers. Wilson came up with a huge improvisation of his own moments after Kaepernicks long jaunt. Wilson avoided the rush with some nifty scrambling before spotting Baldwin behind the defence for a 51-yard pickup. All it resulted in was Hauschkas 32-yard field goal, making it 10-3. Baldwin finished with six receptions for 106 yards. And now its on to New Jersey, where Carroll once coached the Jets for a season. That didnt end well -- he was fired so the team could hire Rich Kotite. He heads back with a chance to add a Super Bowl crown to two national titles as coach at Southern California. "Its quite a magical moment," Carroll said. "You cant really grasp the moment. Did we really do this?" Yep -- the Seahawks and their 12th Man. Kanken Mini Pas Cher . Mueller is the grandson of the late Ron Lancaster, the Hall-of-Fame quarterback and longtime head coach in the CFL. Last season, Mueller was quarterbacks coach of the University of Regina Rams, his alma mater. Sac Kanken Jaune . Alfredo Simon lowered his ERA to 0.86, and the Reds beat the Chicago Cubs 4-1 Friday for their 16th win in their last 17 games at the Friendly Confines. http://www.sackankenpascher.fr/ . In mens doubles, Vancouvers Vasek Pospisil and American Jack Sock reached the quarter-finals with a 7-6 (3), 7-6 (3), 6-4 win over Croatian Mate Pavic and Andre Sa of Brazil.ENGLEWOOD, Colo. -- John Fox will coach the Denver Broncos from the sideline and not the booth upon his return Sunday five weeks after heart surgery. Fox said he wrestled with the pros and cons of both scenarios. The booth allows a better view of the game and he would have had direct communication with all his co-ordinators. Being down on the field allows him to gget a better feel for the mood of his team and he can look his players in the eye. Sac à Dos Kanken Soldes. Withstanding two days of practice in temperatures around zero degrees this week helped convince Fox and his doctors that hed be able to handle Sundays forecast of snow and temperatures in the teens when the Broncos (10-2) host the Tennessee Titans (5-7). ' ' '
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Children affected by armed conflict and other situations of violence
Workshop report, Geneva, 14-16 March 2011
17-11-2011 PublicationRef. 4082
- DownloadPDF 811 KB
Armed conflict and other situations of violence take a heavy toll on children's lives all over the world. This report sheds light on the different initiatives taken by the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement to reintegrate into society children associated with armed forces or armed groups, provide psychosocial support for children affected by violence, and prevent violence in urban settings. It also addresses cross-cutting issues, such as how to ensure youth participation in and local ownership of such initiatives.