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When it involves putting the best touches on a home our roofing solutions can easily add curb appeal to any house. We can aid you make a professional roofing plan to ensure that your home will be the best it can be. The possibilities are endless when you call Excel Roofing Service.
Why Would I Consider Installing Roofing Shingles in Cold Weather?
Unfortunately, your roof won't usually pick warm and clear days to break, obviously it is much more common for your roof to develop leaks and problems when the rain is beating down and the wind is blowing a gale. Even if the roof does get damaged on a calm day it is really quite unlikely that you will notice until the weather changes. At least without regular maintenance it will be. If you find it absolutely essential when installing roofing shingles in cold weather there are certain things you need to be aware of, although it is always better to fix your roof on a calm day; it may not seem necessary at the time but it is safer for you and your roof.
Installing roofing shingles in cold weather is dangerous.
Going up on your roof in cold weather, especially when there is ice or snow is potentially very dangerous indeed. Any traffic on your roof should be avoided wherever possible because a slippery roof is likely to result in a very serious fall. If you do have to go on the roof to conduct repairs you should always ensure that the roof itself, ladders and any equipment you will be using is dry and safely secured.
You can damage material if installing roofing shingles in cold weather.
Removing ice or snow from the roof can cause serious and irreparable damage to the roof. Scarping away at anything on your roof can easily lead to you removing the protective surface on the shingles, and this surface is the best protection you can get against the elements. It prevents damage to the material itself and ensures that any water will run smoothly off your roof surface without collecting. Removing it means your roof is more prone to leakage. Also, the slightest knock to a freezing cold shingle is likely to break it very easily.
Things to consider when installing roofing shingles in cold weather.
The most important thing to remember in the event that you need to install roofing shingles in cold weather is your personal safety. Traversing a sloping roof in icy conditions is near suicidal and should be avoided at all costs. There is a reason that you can't get a roofing contractor to come out and fix your roof in these conditions and it isn't because it's too cold to work. Snow is no better and even early morning dew can create a very slippery surface that is potentially lethal to anyone trying to walk on the roof. However, if you do need to replace a shingle try to remain on the ladder and be sure to handle the shingles with as much care as possible so that you don't break them. You will have to manually seal the tabs of the shingles down yourself, because the warmth of the sun normally activates the adhesive strips, but this obviously will not be possible in cold weather.
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A Certified Roofing Contractor-Your best Choice
The life expectancy of your roof depends on several factors; type of roofing, quality of material, and exposure to harsh weather elements among the top. With regular maintenance and normal weathering factors, a roof can last anywhere from 10 – 100 years.
Common roofing material such as built up roofing usually lasts 12 – 20 years, metal roofing 15 – 40 years, wood shake or shingles 10 – 40 years, asphalt shingles 15 – 20 years, and specialty material like slate up to 100 years under good conditions.
Leaks start as small cracks in roofing material that may not be visible; water may collect in an adjacent area. To detect such damage, a close inspection of the roof may be necessary.
A certified roofing contractor can be called to avoid further damage to the roof, or personal injury to the homeowner caused by trying to inspect it his or her self. A roof inspection should be performed annually; constant weathering by sun, heat, rain, snow, hail, wind, and cold can cause roofing material to break down. A certified roofing contractor will know what to look for.
A roof and soffit system should be properly vented to prevent over-heating and moisture retention, two factors that can cause a roof to break down prematurely.
Selecting a Qualified Roofing Contractor
A certified, experienced contractor offers various services. From completely tearing off an old roof and replacing it with a new one, to inspecting and "certifying" an existing roof. The latter is a process in which the roof is inspected and "guaranteed" to function properly for a certain period of time; usually 2 years. The contractor takes responsibility for any necessary roofing repair during that period.
A certified contractor is knowledgeable of roof system types, materials, and installation procedures best suited to each project, and will ensure there is adequate venting.
Ask potential roofing contractors questions such as whether or not they are licensed and bonded. What liability insurance coverage they carry, and whether it is up to date. Ask which roofing product manufacturers they are licensed and approved by, for installation of products and warranty purposes. Also ask if they are a member of any regional or national trade organizations.
Several resources are available to find a certified roofing contractor; referrals, local government licensing agencies, and web sites that offer contractors for hire, or a list of contractors who are licensed and bonded.
We at Excel Roofing Services aim to produce the landscape of your dreams! Call us today and set up a consultation with our specialist roofers. You won't be dissatisfied. Call today for Services!
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text: Today is Wedding High-mass for Lena Roth & Elmer Quirin. Rosalia & Bertille went to church. There were quite a few Paderborn people there. His brother & sister were the attendants. The bride wore a white dress & veil & bridesmaid wore a pale blue dress & hat. Uncle Fred & Aunt Mary came up this afternoon.

subset: commoncrawl


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Soccer (Men/Boy) Keepsake Box
Sports Blessings
- November 10, 2017
Sports Blessings
Retail: $27.50 20% off
Product Description
Celebrate your faith and your sport!
This keepsake box features a vivid full color Sports Blessings' graphic image lid with Sports Blessings' "Always With You" prayer on the inside, with a durable, glossy piano finish both inside and outside.
Perfect for holding Rosaries, faithful keepsakes, or other small articles, this box features:
Bright, colorfully printed image with glossy piano finish
Stained hardwood box
Padded bottom and non-slip feet
"Know that I am with you always." - Matthew 28:20
Size (inches): 6 x 4 x 2


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breast cancer support organization Women Supporting Women closed its Worcester
County office on Old Ocean City Boulevard, reopening at 12216 Ocean Gateway in
a cost-saving move.
volunteer Mary Henderson was hired as the full-time coordinator, along with
Salisbury University student
Cristina Bustamante, who will handle daily operations. A senior, Bustamante is plans
to graduate with a double major in marketing and management in December 2014.
Supporting Women's mission is to
provide awareness, education and support to those affected by breast cancer.
immediate goal of the new office, however, might be to get new signs up so individuals
can find them. The $900 of signage needed for the door, building and roadside
pylon will have to come out of overhead cost, if not donated beforehand, Henderson
organization provides surgeons with bags of information kits and products for
their patients who are battling cancer, Henderson said. The group provides blankets,
scarves, special pillows and cushions, mastectomy products, information pamphlets
and wigs free to breast cancer patients.
Most items
are donated or made by local volunteers, organizations and businesses,
including Apple Discount Drugs, Ayer's Creek Adventures, Craig's Drug Store,
Christ United Methodist Church, Herl's Bath & Tile, Kitty's Flower Shop,
Midway GM/Toyota of Pocomoke City, Peninsula Regional Medical Center, Rommel
Perdue, Harley-Davidson, Sharp Energy and Sharp Water.
Supporting Women hosted the first
annual High Heel Race in Berlin on June 14, sponsored by Ayers Creek
Adventures, Hooters, Ron Jon and Victorian Charm, Henderson said. Other annual
events include Bras for a Cause, The Ride for Awareness, the Hope Dinner and
health fairs.
Ayers Creek
will host a "Pink Paddle" party fundraiser Sept. 28 at 8628 Grey Fox Lane from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. The event will include
lunch, live music, trophies and a raffle to win a pink kayak.
pay $60 for a single Ayers Creek kayak, $100 for a tandem Ayers Creek kayak, or
$50 if they use their own kayak, stand up paddle board or canoe. Adults pay $15 and children ages 5-12
years pay $5 to attend the party.
Tickets for
the pink kayak raffle cost $5 per ticket or $25 for six and are available at Ayers
Creek, Baked Dessert Café and Gallery or Bruder Hill in Berlin.
443-513-0889 or email email@example.com for more information.
Worcester Chapter Office will participate in the 12th annual Walk for Breast
Cancer Awareness on Oct. 12 at Winterplace Park in Salisbury.
Starting at
8:30 a.m., walkers will follow a three-mile course through a woodland path or a
one-mile fun walk around the pond at the park. The cost is $25 per person for
pre-registration, $30 for race-day registration and $5 for each canine
companion (leash required).
Monthly support
group meetings start again at Women Supporting Women's new location on
Thursday, Sept. 18 at 4:30 p.m.
The group's office hours are from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. daily. For more
information about Women Supporting Women, call 410-213-1177 or visit www.womensupportingwomen.org.


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So here is a really interesting Tiny House. What is so interesting is that the owner wanted to convert the basement area of their house to a self contained home, weather it was a rental property or a place for a teen, I'm not sure. But they started the entire process by picking the entire house up, scooting it to the side then building the whole basement, finally they replaced the house. It seems rather a lot of work to get a finished basement, but the original basement was more like a root cellar.
Regardless, I can't help think that the designer might have take some inspiration from Tiny Houses. Regardless, I really love the main living area, with a bright interior and a ledge surrounding the room for storage, it looks both functional and comfy. It is pretty impress that this is a basement!


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6lbs Acorn Squash (we used 4- 1.5lb squash), cut in half and seeds removed
14 Dates, pitted and chopped into small pieces
1/4 tsp. Cinnamon
1/4 tsp. Nutmeg
3/4 tsp. Onion Powder
1 tsp. Chipotle Powder
1.5 tsp. Fenugreek
1.5 tsp. Sea Salt
2.5 T. Coconut Oil
Step 1:
- Preheat an oven to 400°F. To a baking sheet, add 1/4 cup of water and place the squash halves cut side down. Roast until a thin knife easily pierces the squash, about 20-25 minutes (depending on size).
- While the squash is roasting, prepare the Date-Spice rub/smear:
- Microwave dates and 1/4c of water until warm and dates are softened. This step can also be done on a stovetop, if you do not have or use a microwave.
- Once softened, mash the dates with the back of a fork until smooth.
- Add remaining ingredients and combine until smooth. Season with salt, to taste.
- Set aside mixture until squash is ready for the final step.
- Remove the softened squash from the oven and distribute the date-spice mixture evenly amongst the squash halves. Spread the mixture until the squash flesh is covered.
- Transfer baking sheet back to the preheated oven and bake an additional 15-20 minutes, until squash is completely cooked.
RECIPE CREDIT: My little sister, Lauren, created this recipe a few weeks ago using spices I had on-hand. It's the perfect Fall side dish!


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Spread lots of fun and laughter with this wacky ecard on Tell a Joke Day.
Play a prank on your dear buddy.
Click a smile on the face of your near and dear one.
Imagine going to the toilet and having a head pop out of the loo...
A cool cat joke for all you know.
On Tell a Joke Day arouse laughter with this ecard.
Make your friends/ loved ones laugh out loud with this jazzy ecard.
A naughty ecard for your friends/ family/ loved ones.
Play a prank on your loved ones with this ecard.
On Tell a Joke Day, send this cool card to all your friends and wish a great time...
Pull your friend's leg with this ecard.
Wish a smiling day to a friend or a loved one.
Wish a day full of fun on tell a joke day.
Wish your dear ones a roaring good time.
The joke is on you! Share this joke ecard with anyone.
Please wait...
Please wait...
Get a weekly dose of stories on friendship, love, misadventures and special offers. It's free, read it once and you're hooked!
Read the latest newsletter or Editor Bob's Blog


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Mark Fuhrman, Sean Hannity discussed recent LAPD beating of black man
Written by Andrew Seifter
Former Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) detective Mark Fuhrman appeared as a guest on the June 23 edition of FOX News Channel's Hannity & Colmes to discuss the videotaped beating of an African American man by white police officers in Los Angeles that, according to the Los Angeles Times, has been "described by a top [Los Angeles Police] department official as 'Rodney King-esque.'" Fuhrman, who since leaving the LAPD has become an author, was discredited for his role in the O.J. Simpson murder trial; after he had retired from the LAPD, Fuhrman pleaded no contest* to a perjury charge in which he was accused of lying under oath about using a racial slur against African Americans.
During a discussion opposite Catherine Crier (author, host of Court TV's Catherine Crier Live, and former host of FOX News Channel's The Crier Report), Fuhrman sought all possible explanations to defend the actions of the LAPD officers on the new videotape. Fuhrman first argued that it is inappropriate to criticize the LAPD without knowing what was said by the officers and the suspect, stating that "the first level of use of force is verbalization" and that the video doesn't indicate "what is going on with the verbalization." Fuhrman later said that often a suspect "pulls their hands underneath them," ostensibly to reach for a concealed weapon; therefore, if the suspect was attempting to do as such, the video shows what Fuhrman described as "the way they do it in the LAPD," because, in Fuhrman's view, "that arm should either be seen or broken."
When co-host Alan Colmes noted that "the Justice Department identified a pattern of practice [sic] of civil rights violations in the LAPD," Fuhrman continued to defend the officers, disregarding their past abuses: "[W]hen an attorney files a federal civil rights violation on a suspect that tries to shoot a cop and he loses the gunfight, it's still a federal rights violation lawsuit. Did they win? Let's look at the wins and the losses, not the suits."
Co-host Sean Hannity and Fuhrman agreed that accusations being leveled against the LAPD in response to the new videotape are a "rush to judgment." For his part, Hannity noted that, in terms of the tool used to beat the suspect, "we're not talking about a big stick. We're talking about a flashlight here." Hannity also asserted, "I have to believe something is going on here that we're not quite getting."
Like Fuhrman, Hannity's credibility in discussing racial issues in conjunction with police beatings is questionable. As Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting (FAIR) documented, citing a OnePeoplesProject.com report:
When Haitian immigrant Abner Louima accused New York City police officers of sodomizing and badly injuring him with a wooden rod in 1997, Hannity used his WABC [radio] show for a vicious counter-offensive targeting the victim.
The father of chief defendant Justin Volpe, an NYPD police officer, regularly appeared on show [sic] during the 1999 trial. And Hannity and various guests repeated rumors that Louima's injuries resulted from a "gay sex act" and not from police brutality. Playing on the homosexual rumor and inconsistencies in Louima's story, Hannity and his producer sang a parody of Lionel Richie's song "Three Times a Lady," changing the words to "you're once, twice, three times a liar." Hannity stopped referring to the victim as "Lying Louima" only after Volpe confessed to sodomizing Louima with the help of another officer (OnePeoplesProject.com http://www.onepeoplesproject.com/hannitylies.htm).
Meanwhile, at Hannity & Colmes, the Louima story got somewhat less, and less sordid, play; Hannity only repeated the homosexual rumor once on the national cable show (5/13/99).
*Correction: When this item was first published, we incorrectly wrote that Fuhrman "resign[ed] from the LAPD after being convicted of perjury." In fact, Fuhrman pleaded no contest to a perjury charge after he had retired from the LAPD. Thanks to alert reader Ron for informing us of the error. [back up to article]


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text:
2011 Astrological Forecast – Michele Avanti CAP
When analyzing the stars for upcoming events, there are a few things, which are important for readers to know. First, I use the same methods that the astrologers of Persia used centuries ago. I look at the ingress charts for each of the cardinal signs. In plain English, that means, I run a chart for each time during the year that the sun enters zero degrees of Aries, Cancer, Libra and Capricorn, which is called a Cardinal Ingress Chart. The chart is set for the location that rules the area. In the case of the United States, that would be the White House in Washington, D.C.
Secondly, it is important to note what an astrologer does. Astrologers study the geometric patterns made by planets in constellations and how they relate to events that take place nationally or individually. Astrology is based on thousands of years of research, where records show that similar star patterns result in similar events.
That being said, it is important to note that all life forms have free will and that consciousness does evolve. Thus, as we look at the astrological pictures presented by the stars today, and attempt to understand how life on earth will respond to these influences, we need to remember that the old ways are not necessarily capable of giving us the complete story or the correct pictures.
In the last year, we have moved consciousness forward at an astounding rate. This is due to many factors, the most obvious one being our solar system aligning with the galactic center, the strongest, most powerful energy field in the over 26,000 year cycle of our sun.
This alignment calls for a step up in our creative power, and a greater connection to all life on this planet, this solar system and the galaxies beyond from which many of us have been seeded.
So with this said, I want each reader to open your mind and heart to the answers that come to you as I go through the many pictures that will be activated in 2011. Each reader will know what resonates and will find answers and pictures beyond what I have written here. It is important to remember we are all connected, not just to each other but to the very force of spirit we call 'Creator.'
The overall view as I look at the four ingress charts for 2011 is that from December 21, 2011 through September 22, 2011, we as a nation are on the ride of destiny. It is a period when what comes together does so because we set the karmic pattern for this time. We will accomplish everything necessary to get us to the next step in our evolvement. To make this as clear as possible, I want each reader to think of times in their lives when they felt no matter how they tried to take control, fate seemed to step in and drive the bus. That is how it will go during this period.
Once we get to September 23, we feel freer to make choices and more balanced as a nation.
The Capricorn Ingress – December 21, 2010 – March 19, 2011
The first quarter is clearly focused on employment, health and military issues. The people are struggling with these issues and feeling imprisoned by them. The president is focused and organized in attempting to transform them, but the international contractual challenges revolving around outsourced jobs, and import, export issues are great and I do not see them breaking at this time. There is discussion, there is posturing, there are headlines but the outcome is they still stand.
Property values and the housing market are still at the bottom. Emotionally this is a downer for the nation though there is some behind the scenes work going on to empower the people through mortgages, banking system, taxes, I do not see that relief happening in this period.
As this period comes to a close, in March, something does open to give the empower the people with money or tax relief, but only after a long battle and when I look at the next chart the battle continues, so I am not sure the late arrival of this relief will do much more than give people hope.
We also begin this period under a Mercury Retrograde, which pulls in memories and past Christmas-times that challenge us to think spiritually of service and charity to the world at large. Though as a nation we are concerned about all the details of work, we have a nostalgic and optimistic holiday season.
But as Mercury moves forward into the second week of January, challenges escalate, the media suddenly reveals information about national employment, health, military, or mortgages, taxes, death toll, international or legal issues, or some secrets may be revealed that challenge the mindset of the nation. These revelations will challenge the people to question what is really happening. It may test their faith in government and, or God.
Around the 10th of January, the challenges should strike clearly in the headlines, and it may come through some attack or military action. During this time, the weather will also be very wet, icy and suddenly frozen. The stock market, or investment markets will have a run it seems. It appears to involve established, old stocks, those involved with underground, or underwater properties and international imports or exports. I expect oil and gas will both be active, as well as, companies internationally selling or producing surgical equipment. Also, entertainment stocks focused on espionage or beyond death experiences should see some action.
On January 19th, the full moon may trigger a massive flood. Hundreds or even thousands may drown since it involves Jupiter exactly conjunct the fixed star of drowning. But there is support from the people and the government, so perhaps we can avert the loss of life in some way. While this may occur in America, especially the Northeast, the midland, and the northwest, it will also be happening in many parts of the world. Additionally the threat of earthquakes in the Pacific my bring danger of tsunamis along the northwest coast. These issues will be in the news.
The Aries Ingress – March 20, 2010 – June 20, 2011
While in the last three months, the president had a clear organized focus and found himself immersed in the karmic struggle of old powerful international contracts, this period shows a drastic, sudden change in him.
It indicates past karma is publicly displayed, and the President is faced with a nation separating, people posturing in aggressive ways. He also appears suddenly brilliant, once more the man who electrified the country with his bid for the White House.
With the strong energies activating the President in this chart, I believe we will see him differently. No more, Mister Nice Guy, he is inventive, aggressive and direct. He will not be the Let's do this together kind of guy we have seen in the past. Something is challenging him to lose his head, so to speak and be forthright.
Between the 3rd and 10th of April, some explosive event will take place. It may involve a gun or the military, a cabinet member or banking head, a contract or words said, explosive emotions and will take place on home soil. It will challenge the nation emotionally, and may make the rift in the nation even worse.
This event seems to directly affect the President. I took a look at his chart and it is disconcerting to see indications that may involve someone he loves, female, possibly a child. But it may also be something that he loves, so let us hope that it has nothing to do with a child, for this would be too much for any of us to bear.
During this period what may bring some national unity is the struggle with perceived foreign enemies.
There is emphasis on reorganization of government military contracts and international treaties, which causes stress.
People are spending more money and there are more investments in social networking on the web. Technology investments, entertainment and things that create beauty through technology are good during this period.
We have a more creative, inventive and social focus and are seen internationally for our nurturing nature.
The struggle to keep government and corporate control out of the Internet is aggressive during this time and Internet neutrality will not be lost in this quarter.
The early part of June may also bring some earthquake action.
I want to add some information about this chart that is not just for America but for the world.
This Ingress chart indicates something that has not been seen in recorded history.
When we look at an ingress chart, we view the sun as the ruler of a the nation. In this ingress chart the sun is conjunct Scheat, the fixed star of drowning. Fixed stars are said to move at a rate of approximately 1 degree every 72 years. Based on that rate and the fact that there are 360 degrees in the zodiac, the last time this star and the sun of the Aries ingress were conjunct would have been around 26,000 years ago. Does that ring a bell? That is the same approximation of time when last our solar system aligned with the galactic center. We are at a breakthrough in consciousness.
This Aries Ingress Chart indicates it is time for the rulers of nations to make a breakthrough, but some will lose their heads in the process and respond with fire, belligerence, and aggression. While others will respond with unexpected brilliance!
If we take this formula to identify the last time an ingress Sun conjoined Scheat, we would go to a Capricorn contact 90 degrees earlier, which would place it around 6,480 years ago. Still before recorded history, yet according to geological records this is the actual number bandied about as the time when the Mayans predicted the end of time forecast for 2012.
There can be no doubt this is a gateway to the end of time as we know it, and a doorway to a new kind of time.
The Cancer Ingress –June 21, 2011 – September 22, 2011
The President is being seen more now than ever. He is making news here and internationally.
This period looks worse for earthquakes. A cardinal cross consisting of Saturn, Mercury, Uranus and Pluto is on the angles. This is a volatile combination with a variety of outcomes, the most obvious being earthquakes. A very clear picture states: a challenge of connectivity over water due to sudden explosive fire from deep in the earth.
Both San Francisco and Los Angeles have this signature, so I suggest some preparedness and caution if you travel over bridges in these areas during the early part of this ingress.
Another picture that fits this cross is an explosive transformation in the housing market; people are challenged to separate from their homes and mortgages. This is certainly happening throughout California and in many parts of the country even as we speak, but perhaps the final cut off for many will be during this ingress next year.
It looks like there may be employment opportunities through public contracts, which come out of this challenge. People are experiencing stress re-assessing property, and their business and their dreams.
Overall the nation is challenged emotionally, investments are down, and there may be some severe market drops during this period, every bit as explosive as any earthquake.
National income is challenged and people are saving money, not spending. Air travel is also challenged, though there may be some government support to help the airlines.
The Libra Ingress – September 23, 2011 – December 20, 2011
As the year closes, the president is struggling with cabinet members, the tax changes, bankers, estate tax issues, and behind it all are the issues, which began the year, those of employment, military, and health.
But during this time, there are definitely more opportunities for jobs, people are partying more and they are putting their energy into their dreams. They are re-examining the employment and health care issues, and though there is still stress, it appears they realize there has been some healing.
The nation is working, people are saving money and stressing over luxury spending, higher education and travel.
The housing market is at a transformational stress point, and this appears to cause builders to start building smaller, more moderate, less luxury homes.
Airlines are stressed, except for people traveling within the country to visit family.
Investments seem strongest in blue chip stocks or government bonds. The very end of September and the first few days of October could bring some issues with the stock market, so this is a time to be more cautious there.
Though there is still stress in the nation, and the President continues to struggle for change in the military, employment and health care; the year seems to end with more people working and saving, and overall we appear to be in a wiser, more stable state than when 2011 began.
A metaphysical blog to answer questions on astrology, predictions, psychic experiences, psychics, metaphysics, relocation astrology, fixed stars, constellation, astrologers, astrocartography, horoscopes, world events, economy, national disasters, life crisis, health issues, disease, death, dying, children, karma, karmic connections, soul mates, etc.


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GENOA, Italy, Aug. 9 (UPI) -- An intact Roman ship from the second century B.C. has been discovered off the coast of Genoa in Italy, archaeologists say.
The vessel, which contains hundreds of valuable amphorae -- earthenware vessels traditionally used to transport wine -- was spotted by police divers roughly one mile from the shore of Alassio in 160 feet of water, Italy's ANSA news agency reported Friday.
Police said they have been tipped off to the whereabouts of the ship during a year-long investigation into stolen archaeological artifacts sold on the black market in northern Italy.
"This is an exceptional find," Colonel Francesco Schilardi, who led the police dive team, said. "Now our goal is to preserve the ship and keep thieves out. We are executing surveys and excavations to study the contents of the boat which is perfectly intact."
Encased in layers of mud, the find promises to yield clues to Rome's trade activity between the Italian peninsula and other areas in the Mediterranean, experts said.
The ship is thought to have travelled on trade routes between Spain and what is now central Italy and was loaded with more than 200 clay amphorae likely to have contained fish, wine, oil and grain.


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"Most patents don't matter. They claim technologies that ultimately failed in the marketplace. They protect a firm from competitors who for other reasons failed to materialize. They were acquired merely to signal investors that the relevant firm has intellectual assets. Or they were lottery tickets filed on the speculation that a given industry or invention would take off. Those patents will never be licensed, never be asserted in negotiation or litigation, and thus spending additional resources to examine them would yield few benefits."
"Some bad patents, however, are more pernicious. They award legal rights that are far broader than what their relevant inventors actually invented, and they do so with respect to technologies that turn out to be economically significant. Many Internet patents fall into this category. Rarely a month goes by that some unknown patent holder does not surface and claim to be the true inventor of eBay or the first to come up with now‐familiar concepts like hyperlinking and e‐commerce. While some such Internet patents may be valid--someone did invent those things, after all--more often the people asserting the patents actually invented something much more modest. But they persuaded the Patent Office to give them rights that are broader than what they actually invented, imposing an implicit tax on consumers and thwarting truly innovative companies who do or would pioneer those fields.Long-time devotees of my own Journal of Economic Perspectives may recognize this argument, because it is similar to what Lemley argued with co-author Carl Shapiro in "Probabilistic Patents" in the Spring 2005 issue. (JEP articles are freely available to all courtesy of the American Economic Association.) As Lemley argues, the problems of the patent system aren't as simple as taking longer to examine patent applications, hiring more patent examiners, or being more stingy in granting patents. Instead, the goal should be to give greater the question attention to patents that are likely to end up being more important. How might this be done?
"Compounding the problem, bad patents are too hard to overturn. Courts require a defendant to provide "clear and convincing evidence" to invalidate an issued patent. In essence, courts presume that the Patent Office has already done a good job of screening out bad patents. Given what we know about patents in force today, that is almost certainly a bad assumption."
"The problem, then, is not that the Patent Office issues a large number of bad patents. Rather, it is that the Patent Office issues a small but worrisome number of economically significant bad patents and those patents enjoy a strong, but undeserved, presumption of validity."
One approach is to give patent applicants a method of signalling whether they believe the patent will be important. The idea here is that patent applicants can apply under the current system, in which case their patent would have only the usual legal presumption in its favor if challenged in court, or they can pay a substantial amount extra for a more exhaustive patent examination, which would have a much stronger presumption in its favor if challenged in court. Lemley writes:
"[A]pplicants should be allowed to "gold plate" their patents by paying for the kind of searching review that would merit a strong presumption of validity. An applicant who chooses not to pay could still get a patent. That patent, however, would be subject to serious—maybe even de novo—review in the event of litigation. Most likely, applicants would pay for serious review with respect to their most important patents but conserve resources on their more speculative entries. That would allow the Patent Office to focus its resources on those self-selected patents, thus benefiting from the signal given by the applicant's own self‐interested choice. The Obama campaign proposed this sort of tiered review, and the PTO [Patent and Trademark Office] has recently implemented a scaled‐down version, in which applicants can choose the speed but not the intensity of review.Adoption has been significant but modest ... [I]t appears to be performing its intended function of distinguishing some urgent applications from the rest of the pack."
Another approach would be to allow other parties to pay a substantial fee to the Patent Office to re-examine the grounds for a recently granted patent. Lemley again:
"Post‐grant opposition is a process by which parties other than the applicant have the opportunity to request and fund a thorough examination of a recently issued patent. A patent that survives collateral attack should earn a presumption of validity ... [P]ost‐grant opposition is attractive because it harnesses private information; this time, information in the hands of competitors. It thus helps the PTO to identify patents that warrant serious review, and it also makes that review less expensive by creating a mechanism by which competitors can share critical information directly with the PTO. A post‐grant opposition system is part of the new America Invents Act, but it won't begin to apply for another several years, and the new system will be unavailable to many competitors because of the short time limits for filing an opposition. ... But the evidence from operation of similar systems in Europe is encouraging."
Finally, the traditional way to focus on the 1-2% of patents that really matter, and where the parties can't agree, is to litigate. Lemley argues that such litigation will continue to be quite important, and that the underlying legal doctrine should acknowledge that many patents do not deserve a strong presumption of validity--unless is has been earned through an especially exhaustive process at the Patent and Trademark Office. Lemley one more time:
"[W]e will continue to rely on litigation for the foreseeable future as a primary means for weeding out bad patents. Litigation elicits information from both patentees and competitors through the adversarial process, which is far superior to even the best‐intentioned government bureaucracy as a mechanism for finding truth. More important, litigation is focused on the very few patents (1-2 percent) that turn out to be important and about which parties cannot agree in a business transaction. Litigation can be abused, and examples of patent litigation abuse have been rampant in the last two decades. But a variety of reforms have started to bring that problem under control,
and the courts have the means to continue that process. ... Courts could modulate the presumption of validity for issued patents. A presumption like that embraced by the current "clear and convincing" standard must be earned, and under current rules patent applicants do not earn it. ... The current presumption is so wooden that courts today assume a patent is valid even against evidence that the patent examiner never saw, much less considered, a rule that makes no sense."
None of this is to say that doesn't make sense to rethink training and expectations for patent examiners themselves, and Lemley has some interesting evidence about how patent examiners tend to turn down fewer patents the longer they are on the job, and how they often rely on the background that they personally gather,rather than on background collected by others--including others in the patent office itself. But the idea that patent reform shouldn't focus on trying to review every application exhaustively, but instead on how to give greater attention to the applications that have real-world importance, seems to me a highly useful insight.


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Create a Website Account - Manage notification subscriptions, save form progress and more.
A public comment period is offered at the end of each City Council Executive Session on the last Thursday of each month. These meetings begin at 4:30 p.m. in City Council Chambers, 106 Public Square. It is not necessary to sign up prior to this meeting.
A public comment period is also offered prior to each City Council Regular Session between 5:30 and 6 p.m. on the first Thursday of each month. These meetings begin at 6 p.m. in City Council Chambers, 106 Public Square. Individuals must sign up by contacting the City Clerk no later than noon on Wednesday prior to the regular session and state the topic of their comments.
Statements regarding pending zoning are not allowed. Individuals are given five minutes each during both public comment periods.


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As soon as I've seen this photo's thumbnail, it reminded me of Avatar. I turns out that -infomaniac- really based this creation on the Western Air Temple from the show. Amazing rock work, beautiful trees and architecture is what makes me like this.
On the side note, if you still haven't, it's time to start watching the sequel to Avatar – Legend of Korra. You too might get inspired to build something as awesome as this.


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to Tony's Pizza Napoletana, home of 13-time World Pizza Champion Tony Gemignani.
Located in the heart of San Francisco's Little Italy, Tony brings his passion and perfection to North Beach, sharing his award winning pizzas with us all. Whether you choose the famous Pizza Margherita or the savory Cal Italia, Tony's will not disappoint.
All of our ingredients are authentic, and imported from the Pizza Capital of the World, Napoli.
Our menu is not limited to Pizza, but also includes mouth watering pastas and genuine Italian dinners. Pair any one of our entrées with our extensive Imported and Domestic wine list and your experience will not soon be forgotten.
Be sure to sample one of our specialty cocktails such as our signature Negroni and finish your meal off with a classic digestive.
A presto!


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Set in breathtaking scenery amidst the majestic mountains of Highland Perthshire, the Kenmore Hotel, Scotland's oldest inn, and is a fantastic destination whether you are looking for sport or adventure activities, want to explore the magnificent countryside or simply relax.
Located in the pretty village of Kenmore, which lies to the East of Loch Tay with River Tay to the North, the Kenmore Hotel offers delightful rooms, delicious dining in our restaurant and traditional bars, all in an unrivalled location with stunning views across the Tay. It's the perfect place for a relaxing getaway, catching up with family and friends or, perhaps, escaping for a romantic rendezvous.
Poet's Bar is the winner of Whisky Bar of the Year award in 2015, awarded by BII


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Federal Employees Increasingly Under Attack on Public Lands
Park Police report 43 percent rise in violent attacks in 2012.
Federal employees working in the country's outdoor areas were victims of more violent attacks in 2012 than in previous years, according to a report by an advocacy group.
Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility, a non-profit alliance of government officials and environmental advocates, cited a number of factors for the increase, including drug trafficking on federal lands and alcohol abuse.
Of the six federal agencies that reported 313 violent incidents in 2012, the U.S. Park Police saw the sharpest year-on-year increase in incidents, which were up 42.9 percent to 100 reports. Other agencies experiencing an increase in attacks on their employees included the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the National Park Service.
"Unfortunately, violence and abuse directed against public servants is becoming more common," PEER Executive Director Jeff Ruch said in a statement. "The saying 'it's not easy being green' is becoming truer with each passing year."
PEER compiled the report from data obtained through Freedom of Information Act requests to several federal agencies. Ruch told Government Executive that PEER counted incidences that were marked by federal officials with several keywords, including 'threats,' 'intimidation,' 'assault' and 'terrorism.'
Examples of attacks include the shooting of a park ranger in January 2012, an attempt to run a Park Police officer over and various threats issued against federal workers.
An Interior Department spokesman told Government Executive that officials would review the report fully. The department is "committed to providing a safe and sustainable work environment for all employees as well as an enjoyable and safe experience for visitors to our public lands," he said.
NEXT STORY: Why Obama's Approval Rating Isn't Higher


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Hello Art Friends,
This is the latest newsletter, that I had a few issues with getting out. I'm reposting it on
my blog because a couple of people were having issues opening it via email and some may
have thought it was accidentally double posted when they received two newsletters in one
day. I don't spam with my newsletters, they arrive about once per quarter and if you are
interested in signing up there is a link in the sidebar.
Well do to an unfortunate mishap you just received the Fall newsletter that was saved as
a draft instead of the new one that I worked all morning on! (Insert frustration here) I'm
so sorry for that!
Now to begin the first newsletter of 2013…again.
We have all welcomed the arrival of 2013 in a variety of ways. I see many people choosing
a word to guide them in the new year, others making resolutions and still others writing
down their goals.
I welcome the New Year by re-visiting the goals from the past year and then setting goals
for the new one all in the safety of my art journal.
As I look over the goals of last year I'm encouraged to see most of them come to fruition!
I also see those that did not, and I can re-evaluate whether they make this years list or it's
time to let themgo. I also leave room when I start these journal pages so I can add to them
as the year goes along.
One of my goals for last year was to explore the possibility of doing a column for a magazine.
While finishing up my next book (due out Fall of 2013!!) I kept thinking about where I
wanted to go with the writing aspect of my career. I never set out to be a 'writer', that came
along as a by-product of my art, but I've found that I love it as well and really wanted to go
a bit further with it than articles and books. I want to reach out in a way that is real and
consistent- with information that will both inspire and encourage others on their own
art journey, and art journaling is honestly the single most helpful tool we can embrace
as artists.
I'm beyond thrilled to announce that my column, Art Journaling at the Speed of Life,
will debut in the April issue of Somerset Art Journaling!!!
This is something I've dreamed about, written down as a goal, and laid a path of hard work
to achieve. For most of us, things don't just get handed over on a silver platter, we have to
plan for them and work towards them. If you ask you ask any artist who has achieved
something how they did it, I guarantee that 'a lot of hard work' will be part of their answer.
It's a journey, the successes we have are stepping stones on the path to something more.
You won't 'get there' by just dreamingand wishing, it takes a bit of guts to put yourself
'out there' and hard work to establish the means to make dreams a reality.
So I hope you'll join me and begin your journey into 2013 with some time spent dreaming,
planning and setting your goals for this year. Write them down, revisit them often, revise
them as necessary, and work towards them with diligence.
2013 is just waiting to be written on by you!
PS. I'm sorry that the text is a bit wonky in this post, it doesn't show up that way when I go
to edit it, so the cut and paste is as it is;-)


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Partial roof collapse at Smithtown bowling alley
Heavy snow appears to have contributed to a partial roof collapse Saturday at a Smithtown bowling alley, Suffolk police said.
There was no one inside Smithtown Lanes, 200 Landing Ave., at the time of the collapse, according to police.
Police and the Smithtown Fire Department responded about 4:30 p.m. to a call about a center portion of the roof collapsing. Suffolk Water Authority workers also were summoned to shut down a water leak, police said.
The fire marshal was at the scene Saturday night, investigating the structural integrity of the rest of the roof.
Fire Department officials were not immediately available for comment. Smithtown received 27 inches of snow in the blizzard, according to the National Weather Service.


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An Estate Planning Primer
Estate planning can be defined as the process of putting an individual's financial affairs in order and telling their loved ones what's important to them. The most important goals can be stated as follows: (1) maximize the individual's enjoyment of his or her estate during his/her lifetime; (2) protect themselves, their loved ones, and their assets during their lifetime; (3) maximize the beneficiaries' enjoyment of the estate after the individual's death; (4) minimize the expense and taxation that can accompany the transfer of assets; and (5) transmit the individual's wisdom and values to his/her beneficiaries.
Estate planning is concerned with two subjects (a person's physical being and a person's wealth) and two relevant time periods (a person's incapacity, if any, and his or her eventual death). It also encompasses many fields of law – family law, real property law, contract law, and taxation to name a few. I have written nearly one hundred "Estate Planning 101" columns on issues in these fields of law that impact estate planning and plan to write many more on various nuances.
In order to implement an estate plan, certain core documents need to be created: (1) Living Trust (or conventional will in limited circumstances), (2) Durable Power of Attorney, and (3) Advance Health Care Directive. The living trust can address issues concerning a person's wealth both during incapacity, if any, and after death. A will can only address issues concerning a person's wealth following death. The durable power of attorney can address a person's wealth during incapacity but ceases to have any power after that person dies. The advance health care directive addresses a person's physical being both during incapacity and after their death.
You might wonder why one would need both a trust and a durable power of attorney if both address a person's wealth during incapacity. The reason is that a trust can only operate on those assets that are brought under its umbrella by either changing the ownership of the asset to the trust or making the trust its beneficiary. Some things cannot be put into the trust, however by their very nature, such as certain transactions involving third parties. For example, a durable power of attorney would allow a person's agent to enter into transactions necessary to provide for the person's personal care and to maintain the person's customary standard of living during incapacity such as hire and compensate household, nursing, and other employees, arrange residential care in a convalescent hospital, skilled nursing home, or other alternative residential facility. These things are highly important but cannot logically be placed under authority of a living trust.
As an estate planning attorney, my goals are to (1) create customized plans for my clients that address the subjects of estate planning during the relevant time periods; (2) preserve family wealth and harmony; and (3) avoid costly court procedures such as probate, conservatorship and guardianship. If you are in need of estate planning, I would be pleased to assist you. © 2013 by Marlene S. Cooper. All rights reserved.


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San Francisco gallery Park Life received a present from superstar artist Jeff Koons this Christmas: a cease-and-desist letter. The missive from Koons's lawyers ordered the space's art shop to stop selling and advertising a set of balloon-dog-themed bookends sold there, claiming that they violated the intellectual property of the artist's iconic sculpture "Balloon Dog". -continue reading
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Pringle graduates warrant officer candidate school
Published 7:23 pm Monday, May 26, 2014
Army Warrant Officer 1 Lashonda D. Pringle has graduated from the Warrant Officer Candidate School at Fort Rucker, Ala.
The course is designed to certify warrant officers as technically and tactically competent to serve as warrant officers in designated career specialties. The officer must successfully complete the course prior to being appointed to the rank of warrant officer one.
The primary focus of the school is military occupational specialty specific, augmented with common-core subjects as designated by a Task Site Selection Board and monitored by the Warrant Officer Career Center.
The course also prepares newly appointed officers for their first duty assignments and all subsequent assignments as warrant officers and chief warrant officers in the active Army, National Guard or Reserve.
Pringle has served in the military for 10 years.
She is the daughter of Racheal Ellis of Norfolk and Willie Jenkins Jr. of Suffolk.
The warrant officer is a 2002 graduate of Maury High School, Norfolk.


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- Home
- Departments
- Fire Department
- Help the Fire Department
Help the Fire Department
House Numbers
Post house numbers:
- Anywhere they can be easily seen from the road
- By the street or on a post or sign made of fire resistant material
- Directly on your house, apartment or garage
- On the mailbox or curb
- That are at least 4 inches tall
- That are easy to read, not cursive style
- That are visible from up to 150 feet at all angles
- That can be seen all year round
- That can be seen at night
Clear Hydrants
If you have a hydrant in front of your home or business, it is your responsibility to keep them clear of all tall brush, snow, or any other objects that could hamper the operations of the Fire Department. A minimum of 5 feet in diameter clearance shall be maintained around all fire hydrants per the Fire Code.
Alarm Systems Maintenance
For questions regarding maintenance of your residential or commercial alarm system, contact Fire Marshal Jon Rech at 515-331-6733 or via email.
If you have called 911 for any reason and you have a pet, please place your pet in a secure area away from emergency responders. Even if your pet is good natured, the sight of strangers entering their home and assisting their family members may make them uncomfortable and possibly aggressive. Often times we need to leave the front door open in order to move equipment. We would hate to have your pet escape out the door.
Porch Lights On
If you have called 911 for any reason and are awaiting our response, turn on your front porch light. Do this only if you can safely do so. This helps the emergency responders more easily locate your residence. Available on the market are those front porch lights that flash on and off further designating your home as the residence in need of assistance.
Insurance Information
Try to have your medical insurance information available for emergencies by keeping current cards in an easily accessible location.
No Parking in Front of a Hydrant or in a Fire Lane
Please do everything possible not to park in designated fire lanes or within 5 feet of a fire hydrant. Parking in these areas is illegal in the City of Urbandale and violations are punishable by fines. No matter how convenient it may seem, do not park in these locations, even for short periods of time.
When You Hear Our Sirens
Above all else remain calm. Avoid any sudden reactions. These actions may cause an accident. If you hear a siren approaching your vehicle from ahead or behind, take special precaution for both yours and our safety. Gradually slow down and pull as far to the right of the roadway as safely possible.
Stay Back 500 Feet
Always retain a minimum of a 500 foot following distance with all fire and emergency apparatus. This following distance should increase to a 1,000 foot cushion when the apparatus is traveling with it's emergency lights and sirens in use. Never directly follow an emergency vehicle to the scene of an emergency. Never directly follow an ambulance while it is en-route to a hospital. Other drivers may see the ambulance but often times won't see the trailing vehicle, even if you have your hazard lights on.
Do Not Pass Emergency Vehicles
Passing an emergency apparatus when it is traveling with it's emergency lights and sirens in use is a dangerous practice. If the emergency vehicle must change lanes you could be in danger. You can cause more congestion in front of the apparatus. You could also be subject to a fine.
Move Over 1 Lane
In Iowa, it is an offense punishable by a fine if you do not pull over at least 1 lane for an emergency vehicle that is on the scene of an incident. If you cannot pull over 1 lane you should slow down and remain alert for emergency workers that may appear in traffic.
Never Drive Over Fire Hose
While fire fighters are on the scene of a fire they often times must place hoses across the travel portion of a roadway, parking lot or driveway. Never drive across these hoses. These hoses may be full of pressurized water needed to fight a fire. By driving over a fire hose you are endangering yourself as well as the fire fighters. These hoses can be damaged and even burst under the weight of your vehicle. The sudden release of thousands of gallons of pressurized water can injure or kill those persons near the breakage.
Mike Cardwell
Fire Chief/Emergency Preparedness Director
Fire Department
Physical Address
3927 121st Street
Urbandale, IA 50323
Phone: 515-278-3970Fax: 515-278-3972
Office Hours
Monday through Friday
8 a.m. to 4 p.m.


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Obama, Romney Each Raised More Than $1 Billion
The final fundraising numbers from this election season were filed on Thursday.
A nearly complete picture is emerging of the money chase that shaped the presidential election. President Obama and Republican Mitt Romney each raised more than a billion dollars, according to new reports filed at the Federal Election Commission. But in the new era of unregulated outside groups and seemingly endless TV ads, that was only the beginning, as NPR's Peter Overby reports.
PETER OVERBY, BYLINE: Each candidate had issued dire warnings that the other one would hit the billion-dollar mark, and they both did. The Obama campaign organization reported a grand total of $1.1 billion. For Romney, it was just about $1 billion even. These new filings at the FEC give details of the 20 days before the November 6th election and the 20 days after. In that final frenzy, the fund-raising efforts were neck and neck: $100 million collected by the Romney campaign and 11 million more than that by the Obama team. Sheila Krumholz is director of the Center for Responsive Politics, which tracks political money.
SHEILA KRUMHOLZ: I don't think it is surprising that the money at the end came in a frenetic pace. Money really was, I think, the dominant theme in this cycle.
OVERBY: And the cash went out even faster. The Obama operation spent 215 million in the end game. Team Romney spent even more: 242 million. Michael Franz is a political scientist at Bowdoin College. He's also a co-director of the Wesleyan Media Project, which analyzed TV advertising in the race.
MICHAEL FRANZ: The Obama campaign was just pummeling Romney's campaign in terms of ads aired, you know, right up to the very end, but I just can't explain why it was that there wasn't a more aggressive advertising push by the Romney people throughout the fall.
OVERBY: Franz says that in the final few weeks Romney finally reached a rough parity on TV. What had kept him in the race earlier was waves of TV advertising by outside groups. That continued in the final weeks. The superPAC Restore Our Future, run by former Romney aides, shoveled nearly $46 million into TV. The superPAC American Crossroads spent 37 million on the presidential race and other contests. Just 11 millionaires accounted for 30 percent of those funds.
American Crossroads' sister group, Crossroads GPS, also spent heavily, but it's among the many organizations that don't report any donor details to the Federal Election Commission. This level of outside group activity, leveraged by small numbers of wealthy donors, is unheard of in American history. Analyst Michael Franz says that over the course of the campaign such groups aired more than half of the ads for Romney.
FRANZ: They were critical. In no previous presidential election have we seen outside organizations play such a prominent role in propping up a major party nominee.
OVERBY: Ironically, the latest report from the Romney campaign shows some improvement in his fund-raising. Small donors - those who gave $200 or less - in the final weeks gave more than one out of every $4 raised by Romney. That's still less than President Obama. His small donor ratio was one out of three, and all through the campaign, those small donors helped to provide a steadily funded defense against the outside groups that were backing Romney. Peter Overby, NPR News, Washington.
Copyright © 2012 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information.
NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR's programming is the audio record.


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Multinational Enterprises: Theory and Empirics
Exam number: 3940
Semester: from 4th semester (Schwerpunktbildung)
Duration of the module: One semester
Form of the module (i.e. obligatory, elective etc.): Elective
Frequency of module offer: Each summer semester
Prerequisites: Successful completion of Mathematik / Mathematics, Mikroökonomie / Microeconomics, Statistik / Statistics. Grundlagenausbildung should be completed.
Applicability of module for other study programmes:
Obligatory or elective in other study programmes. For further information check regulations of the study programme.
Person responsible for module: Prof. Ingo Geishecker, PhD
Name of the professor: Prof. Ingo Geishecker, PhD
Language of teaching: English
ECTS-Credits (based on the workload): 6
Workload and its composition (self-study, contact time):
Contact time (lecture, tutorials, seminar etc.) 33,75 h; self-study: 146,25 h
Contact hours (per week in semester): 3
Methods and duration of examination:
Successful written exam (120 min)
Emphasis of the grade for the final grade: Please check regulations of the study programme
Aim of the module (expected learning outcomes and competencies to be acquired):
Knowledge of theories explaining Multinational Enterprises' activities
Development of skills for reading and interpreting empirical studies
Development of statistical skills for basic data analysis
Contents of the module:
The course covers basic theories of multinational enterprises and related empirical research. Topics include internationalisation strategies of firms, the analysis of trade costs, offshoring, as well as productivity and labour market effects of multinational firms' activities. Part of the course is a small home assignment for which students estimate a simple gravity model to assess the importance of physical, cultural and other separations for international transactions.
Teaching and learning methods:
Lecture with tutorial, self-studies
Literature (compulsory reading, recommended literature):
Keith Head, Elements of Multinational Strategy, Springer 2007.
Giorgio Barba Navaretti and Anthony J. Venables, Multinational Firms in the World Economy, Princeton University Press, 2006.
Further information:
Registration in Moodle Viadrina required.


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This square from Nicki Lee arrived while I was away for a few days. It's always so fun to come home and have something beautiful waiting in the mail. I have admired Nicki's work for quite a while now and am so happy to add a small example of her creativity to my growing 6" square collection. I met her for the first time at An Adventure in Crazy Quilting in April and she is a joy to get to know. Nicki Lee has a wonderful blog, does beautiful lace dying which you can purchase through her etsy store, and is active with the HGTV Message Boards where she hosts CQ challenges and other activities.
My 6" square for Nicki shows my love for working with black. It has become one of my favorite colors in the past couple of years (non-color, some may say) and I'm anxious to start another project with black as the background. This one has mostly bead techniques on it and may look simple to you. It took me a hours to do as I'm not very prolific with beads.


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Born in Brooklyn, New York, to working-class Jewish parents of Eastern European descent, Leonard Freed first wanted to become a painter. However, he began taking photographs while in the Netherlands in 1953, and discovered that this was where his passion lay. In 1954, after trips through Europe and North Africa, he returned to the United States and studied in Alexei Brodovitch's 'design laboratory'. He moved to Amsterdam in 1958 and photographed the Jewish community there. He pursued this concern in numerous books and films, examining German society and his own Jewish roots; his book on the Jews in Germany was published in 1961, and Made in Germany, about post-war Germany, appeared in 1965. Working as a freelance photographer from 1961 onwards, Freed began to travel widely, photographing blacks in America (1964-65), events in Israel (1967-68), the Yom Kippur War in 1973, and the New York City police department (1972-79). He also shot four films for Japanese, Dutch and Belgian television.
Early in Freed's career, Edward Steichen, then Director of Photography at the Museum of Modern Art, bought three of his photographs for the museum. Steichen told Freed that he was one of the three best young photographers he had seen and urged him to remain an amateur, as the other two were now doing commercial photography and their work had become uninteresting. 'Preferably,' he advised, 'be a truck driver.'
Freed joined Magnum in 1972. His coverage of the American civil rights movement first made him famous, but he also produced major essays on Poland, Asian immigration in England, North Sea oil development, and Spain after Franco. Photography became Freed's means of exploring societal violence and racial discrimination.
Leonard Freed died in Garrison, New York, on 30 November 2006.


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Subscribe to Cases that cite 171 U. S. 441U.S. Supreme Court
California National Bank v. Thomas, 171 U.S. 441 (1898)
California National Bank v. Thomas
No. 36
Submitted May 4, 1898
Decided October 17, 1898
A judgment of the highest court of a state reversing the judgment of the state court below upon the ground that the case made out by the findings was a different case from that presented by the pleadings, and that the variance was fatal to the validity of the judgment, and on the further ground that as the defendants in error were sued jointly for a tort, a withdrawal of the action in favor of two of them also operated to release the third, presents no federal question for the consideration of this Court.
This was an action sounding in tort, but styled "A Bill of Complaint in Equity," for an accounting and settlement of a trust by Richard P. Thomas, Robert R. Thompson, and Robert A. Wilson. The action was instituted in the Superior Court of San Francisco by John Chetwood, Jr., for himself and as the representative of all the stockholders of the California National Bank, which bank had failed and was at the time in the hands of a receiver.
The bill alleged that the failure was due to the negligence of Richard P. Thomas, president, Robert R. Thompson, vice-president, chanrobles.com-red
and Robert A. Willson, a director, composing the executive committee of the corporation, who had, as such committee, contrived together to injure and deceive the said corporation by neglecting to conform to its bylaws, and, as such committee, had made worthless loans whereby the money of the corporation was wasted, misused, and lost to the amount of about $200,000.
Among the duties and powers of the committee as set forth in the bylaws adopted by the bank were an immediate supervision of all the officers and business of the bank, auditing all bills for current and other expenses, discounting and purchasing bills, notes, and other evidences of debt, and reporting to the directors at each regular meeting all bills, notes, and other evidences of debt discounted or purchased by them for the bank. It was further provided by the bylaws that the president should have general control and supervision of the bank, and be responsible for its condition to the directors. The vice-president was to assist the president in the discharge of his duties.
The bill alleged that
"it was the duty of each of said members of the executive committee to exercise, concurrently with his associates on said committee, diligence and fidelity in performing the duties of said committee,"
but that
"they negligently permitted the cashier of said bank to control and manage the whole business of the said bank as he saw fit, and without consulting or in any wise informing said defendants,"
and that, by reason of the negligence of said defendants and the acts and misconduct of the cashier, negligently permitted as aforesaid, the bank suddenly failed on December 15, 1888, owing about $450,000, and the Comptroller of the Currency had placed a receiver in charge of said bank and its affairs, and thereafter levied an assessment of $75,000 upon the stockholders, which sum was all paid except $20,000 assessed against Richard P. Thomas, the president of the bank.
The prayer of the bill was that a decree might be entered holding Richard P. Thomas, Robert R. Thompson, and Robert A. Wilson to an accounting of their trust, and that a joint and several money judgment be entered against them for the sum chanrobles.com-red
of $400,000, with legal interest thereon from the time of such loss.
The defendants answered the bill, denying the allegations as to negligence on their part.
Upon the cause's being submitted to the court, a judgment was "entered in favor of the plaintiff and against Richard P. Thomas, Robert R. Thompson, and Robert A. Wilson," and the case was referred to a master, who found the actual loss of the bank to be $166,919. Before a final judgment was rendered by the court, however, the suit was dismissed by the plaintiff as to Robert R. Thompson and Robert A. Wilson, from whom had been collected the sum of $27,500, thus leaving a net loss to the bank of $139,419, and judgment for this amount was rendered against Richard P. Thomas.
Thereupon Thomas appealed to the Supreme Court of the State of California, by which court the judgment was reversed, and the case remanded to the trial court, with directions to enter a judgment in favor of the defendant Thomas. 113 Cal. 414.
The plaintiff thereupon sued out a writ of error to this Court assigning as the principal ground to give this Court jurisdiction that the judgment of the supreme court of the state was rendered without due or any process of law, and deprived the plaintiff of its property without due process of law, contrary to the Constitution, etc., and Rev.Stat. § 5136, relating to national banks.
MR. JUSTICE BROWN, after stating the facts in the foregoing language, delivered the opinion of the court.
Unless the plaintiff in error was denied some right under the Constitution or statutes of the United States, "specially chanrobles.com-red
set up and claimed" by it, this writ of error must be dismissed.
The bill of complaint filed in the Superior Court of San Francisco by a stockholder of the California National Bank sought to charge three directors of the bank with negligence in the performance of their trust, and particularly in failing to comply with certain bylaws of the bank, by which large amounts of money were lost to the bank, which the bill prayed that the defendants might be decreed to make good and restore. The bank was chartered under the National Banking Act, and the bylaws were adopted in pursuance of Revised Statutes, section 5136, which authorizes associations incorporated under the act to define the duties of the president and other officers, and to regulate the manner in which its general business shall be conducted. Certain transactions of the directors are also alleged to be infractions of Revised Statutes, section 5200, for which the directors are made liable in section 5239, although no violations of this section are specifically alleged in the bill.
Demurrers were interposed by the several defendants and overruled, when answers were filed denying in general the allegations of the bill. The court subsequently entered judgment against the three directors, but, being unable to determine the proper amount, appointed a referee to take proof of the amount appearing to be due and owing to the bank from certain named individuals. Upon such report's having been made, a stipulation was entered into between the plaintiff stockholder and the defendants Thompson and Wilson whereby the plaintiff renounced and withdrew his action against such defendants and the court, upon stipulation, entered a judgment dismissing the action as against them. The court thereupon made a finding of all the facts in the case, among which was one to the effect that there had been collected of the two defendants Thompson and Wilson the sum of $27,500, leaving a net loss to the bank of $139,419, for which judgment was entered against the defendant Thomas. Thomas thereupon appealed to the supreme court of the state from the judgment so entered. chanrobles.com-red
That court was of opinion that the complaint, though entitled "A Bill in Equity for the Accounting and Settlement of a Trust," contained nothing more that a charge ex delicto against the directors for a breach and nonperformance of their duties. It did not consider it necessary to dispose of the objections to the complaint, but assumed, without deciding, that the complaint was sufficient to state a cause of action in its averments of misconduct. It then proceeded to decide (1) that the complaint was one sounding in tort, and that the defendants were charged as joint tortfeasors; that their negligence was pleaded as their joint neglect to perform duties not individually imposed upon them, but collectively undertaken as members of the executive committee; that in the findings of fact no mention was made of any dereliction of duty on the part of Thompson and Wilson, and that there was an absolute failure by the court to find upon the most material issues of the case -- the joint negligence of the three defendants, which alone, it was alleged, had occasioned loss to the bank. "Such," said the court,
"is the cause of action pleaded in the complaint. The findings, if it be conceded that they give evidence of a meritorious cause of action against the defendant Thomas, do so because of a showing that he was negligent not with the other defendants and as member of the executive committee, but that he was individually and separately negligent in the performance of his duties as president. But this is not the cause of action pleaded against him, and it is well settled that where the case made out by the findings is a different case from that presented by the pleadings, the judgment will be reversed, for the relief decreed must be the relief sought, and a variance, even if it be such as could have been cured by amendment, is fatal to the validity of the judgment."
The court further held (2) that, as the defendants in error were sued jointly for a tort, a withdrawal of the action in favor of Thompson and Wilson operated also to release the defendant Thomas. This was in fact the main reason given for its conclusion. The court thereupon ordered the judgment to be reversed and the cause remanded with directions to enter judgment in favor of the defendant Thomas. chanrobles.com-red
In all this record there was no federal right specially set up or claimed by the plaintiff in error until after the judgment in the supreme court, when a petition for writ of error was filed by the California National Bank, a codefendant with Thomas in the original action, in which various allegations were made of a denial of federal rights. But, assuming that a federal question might be extorted from the allegations of the complaint, it is sufficient to say that the case was not disposed of upon the merits of such complaint, which was treated as sufficient, but upon a variance between its allegations and the proofs, and upon the settlement made with the defendants Thompson and Wilson, and the withdrawal of the action against them. These were purely questions under the law of the state, as to which the opinion of the supreme court was conclusive. Not only was no suggestion of a federal question made to the trial court or to the appellate court, but there was nothing to indicate that the judgment rendered could not have been given without deciding a federal question. Indeed, the opinion shows that the cause was decided, as it might well have been, solely upon grounds not involving such question.
Whether a judgment should be ordered in favor of Thomas for a dismissal of the action against him, or simply for a new trial, involved merely a question of the procedure under the law of the state. The court might have been, and probably was, of the opinion that an action would lie upon the separate liability of Thomas, and have reserved for future consideration the question whether the dismissal of this action upon a joint liability would operate as estoppel against a new action upon his individual liability.
There was no federal question involved in the disposition of this case, and the writ of error is therefore


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Empty landscape of still unused cycling time trials facilities in the grounds of the Tudor King Henry the Henry the Eighth's Hampton Court Palace in south west London - part of the London 2012 Olympics. The final bill for the 2012 Olympics could be ten times higher than the original estimate, according to an investigation. The predicted cost of the games when London won the bid in 2005 was £2.37billion. That figure has now spiralled to more than £12billion and could reach as much as £24billion, the Sky Sports investigation claims. The Olympics public sector funding package, which covers the building of the venues, security and policing, was upped to around £9.3bn in 2007. .
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Microtech UTX-85 233-10 T/E Stonewash Standard
This UTX-85 model has a stonewashed tanto blade with a plain edge. The 6061-T6 aluminum handle is black anodized and outfitted with bead blasted hardware, pocket clip, and glass breaker tip.
Microtech has updated and refined the UTX-85 model. It features improved ergonomics, with rounded handle faces, and patches of grooves along the sides to ensure excellent grip. The firing button has been redesigned to increase surface contact for effective engagement, and the glass breaker has a ball-tip set in the trip-angle pattern base to increase its everyday carry manners.
Based on the Ultratech platform, the UTX-85 is scaled down to 85% of its length. The UTX-85 is an appealing option for those who prefer a smaller EDC knife and value Microtech's high-performance out-the-front action and exceptional build quality.
- Overall Length:7.50"
- Blade Length:3.125"
- Cutting Edge:2.875"
- Blade Thickness:0.13"
- Blade Material:Bohler M390
- Blade Style:Tanto
- Blade Grind:Flat
- Finish:Stonewash
- Edge Type:Plain
- Handle Length:4.375"
- Handle Thickness:0.47"
- Handle Material:Aluminum
- Color:Black
- Weight:2.99 oz.
- User:Right Hand
- Pocket Clip:Tip-Down
- Knife Type:Double-Action OTF Automatic
- Opener:Thumb Slide
- Brand:Microtech
- Model:UTX-85
- Model Number:233-10
- Country of Origin:USA
- Best Use:Tactical
- Product Type:Knife


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Slated to open on College Avenue on Saturday June 1st is ~A16 ROCKRIDGE~ from owner-wine director Shelley Lindgren and owner Victoria Libin, with chef Rocky Maselli leading the kitchen. Instead of being a cookie-cutter duplicate of A16's menu in San Francisco, the team has decided to travel further eastward along the A16 autostrada into Puglia (on the Adriatic side). Chef Maselli is a Bay Area native, but his family's roots are in the Puglia region, so it's a regional style that is near and dear to him. Last June, he got his pizzaiolo certification by the Associazione Vera Pizza Napoletana in Naples, and did a lot of recipe and dish research traveling along the A16. (Previously he was in Oregon's Willamette Valley, most recently the chef-owner of Osteria Sfizio in Eugene.)
While there will, of course, be a variety of Neapolitan-style pizzas coming out of the handmade Stefano Ferrara pizza oven (tiled in gray and white), true to A16's style, there will also be some innovative pizzas, like the rachetta ($20), a racquet-shaped pie (originally made by Starita in Naples) topped with green olives, pecorino, fior di latte, and basil, with ricotta and artichoke tucked into the "handle" like a mini calzone—the ultimate two-cheese pizza. It's served with a pair of scissors so you can cut it into pieces yourself.
I swung by for a pizza preview party yesterday, the first time they were serving pizzas from the oven. The dough is incredible—great flavor and elasticity and softness. I particularly enjoyed a special with porcini, ricotta, spring onion, and an egg on top (oh yeah), and the salsiccia e vongole ($20), with Manila clams in the shell, sausage, shallot, lemon zest, and parsley.
You will also want to try the montanara Rockridge ($17), a version of the montanara—a pizza that is lightly fried and then put in the oven—that Starita makes in Naples, but instead of using smoked mozzarella, A16 is using smoked tomato sauce, plus burrata and basil. Delicioso. As Rocky passionately blurted as I took my first bite, "I wanna be famous for my fried pizza!"
The antipasti will include some appealing salads, like shaved artichoke salad with fennel, mint, and pecorino canestrato ($12), and there's a section of crudi, like oysters, sea urchin, and geoduck clam (the menu will definitely have more of a coastal feel). I'm looking forward to trying the pastas here, which are entirely different from A16 in the Marina, like cavatelli with Sacramento crawfish sugo and cannellini beans ($13/$21); bucatini with ramps, mussels, white wine, and chile ($13/$21); and of course some orecchiette with lamb sausage, friarielli, and fried senise pepper ($12/$20). Secondi include roasted rock cod with radish agrodolce and pine nuts ($26), and pork polpettone ($25) with egg, spring onion, and roasted baby carrots. You can take a peek at a preliminary opening menu here.
The restaurant will be baking its own bread and building up an extensive bread program. While the famed chocolate budino won't be on the dessert menu, there will be a chocolate-rum baba with dark chocolate budino, cream, and cocoa nibs, and a wood oven gratinata of Hamada farm cherries (both $9).
The open-feeling space (formerly Hudson) features around 100 seats: there is a lengthy 20-foot bar made of Carrara marble with some customized elements by Greg Lindgren (who collaborated with Cass Calder Smith of CCS Architecture), plus some high-top tables in the bar area and an exposed brick wall painted white. The main dining room has rustic wood tables, leather banquettes, and a beamed ceiling overhead (plus skylights), giving it an airy sensibility. True to A16's legacy, there are some beautiful newly commissioned pieces by Kelly Tunstall throughout the space, featuring an ocean theme and characters and stories from Italian folklore.
The blazing pizza oven is in the back, with a curving 13-seat marble bar for those who want to watch the action while they eat. Since the weather on College Avenue can be so beautiful, a roll-up door was installed along the front of the building, and can be rolled open on warm evenings (there are also plans for sidewalk seating). About a month from now, there will additionally be a private dining room with room for 20.
Owner-wine director Shelley Lindgren is going to be doing her magic with a 1,500-bottle wine cellar highlighting Southern Italian varietals and East Bay-produced wines. A key difference at this location is the full bar, which will feature a number of Italian-inspired cocktails. There will be aperitivi, amari, and digestivi, as well as local beers from Oakland's Linden Street Brewery. Knowing Shelley Lindgren's passion for amari (along with her husband Greg), I can't wait to see what they have sourced.
Accompanying the full bar is a bar menu featuring some pizzas and light snacks, like fried baccalà polpettine with Calabrian chili aioli ($11), and later in the night, you'll be able to order fried calzone and zeppole. Uh-huh. The full bar and late hours are going to be a bonus for night owls in the area, industry folks, and those in search of a well-made cocktail. Dinner will be served Mon-Sat 5:30pm-1pm, Sun 5pm-10pm. The bar serves pizza and light bar bites Sun-Wed 5pm-11pm, Thu-Sat 5pm-1am.
The rachetta pizza at A16 Rockridge. Photo: © tablehopper.com.


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A secret memo from US Defense Secretary Robert Gates warned the White House in January that the US lacks a long-term plan to deal with Iran, according to reports. News of the Gates Iran memo is causing a stir in Washington.
In a secret three-page January memo, US Defense Secretary Robert Gates cautioned the White House that the nation lacks an effective long-term plan to deal with the continuing growth of Iran's nuclear program, reports the New York Times.
The Gates Iran memo has sparked efforts from the White House, Pentagon, and intelligence services to provide President Obama with potential military options in the event that diplomatic actions fail.
While an official familiar with the document called it a "wake-up call," other White House officials insist that the Obama administration has been developing different options and strategies for the past 15 months.
Meanwhile, Iran has continued its confrontational stance towards the US, with Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad calling on the US to destroy its nuclear arsenal and withdraw troops from Iraq and Afghanistan.
Jones: The US is Ready
Speaking with The New York Times, which first reported the existence of the memo, Mr. Obama's security adviser, Gen. James Jones did not specifically address the memo, but denied that the US government is unprepared to deal with a nuclear Iran.
"On Iran, we are doing what we said we were going to do. The fact that we don't announce publicly our entire strategy for the world to see doesn't mean we don't have a strategy that anticipates the full range of contingencies — we do," [said Gen. Jones].
But Obama's political opponents in Washington are seizing on report of the memo to cast doubt on the president's Iran strategy.
"I didn't need a secret memo to know we didn't have a coherent policy," Sen. John McCain (R) of Arizona told host Chris Wallace on "Fox News Sunday." "That's pretty obvious."
Memo Raises Concerns
The Times of London reports that Mr. Gates raised concerns about what the US would do if Iran obtained all the necessary components to build a nuclear weapon but did not actually put together a nuclear missile. In this case, Iran would become a " 'virtual' nuclear weapons state" and keep its status as a signatory of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty.
Iran, however, continues to insist that whatever the US strategy toward its nuclear program, it is only developing atomic technologies to generate electricity. Iran's Press TV reports that the memo appeared while Washington officials wanted to create a broader base of support for new sanctions against Iran because of its refusal to terminate uranium enrichment programs.
Ahmadinejad's Own Nuclear Summit
At his own nuclear summit about a week after Obama's, Mr. Ahmadinejad called for future nuclear disarmament talks to be run by states that currently do not possess an atomic arsenal.
"The involvement of the government of America will prevent any new treaty from being fair," said Ahmadinejad in an article reported by the Washington Post.
He also criticized Obama for a recent statement saying that US policy does not rule out the use of nuclear weapons against Iran and North Korea.
Iran was not invited to participate in Obama's nuclear summit.
On Sunday, Ahmadinejad went a step further, vowing to respond with "all [Iran's] military potential" in the face of armed aggression, reports Al Jazeera.
The remarks came on Iran's Army Day when the nation showcases its military technology. The Iranian president also added that the US must withdraw troops from Iraq and Afghanistan, where he says the presence of US forces has only "increased insecurity in both countries."


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You may have noticed that yesterday was Christmas – the day when Christians throughout the world celebrate the birth of Jesus, whose teachings in later life form the basis of their faith.
Jesus was born into a world of politics and political machinations – the Roman world was much the same as our own in this respect – and had an effect on it, right from his birth.
According to one of the Gospels, when King Herod learned that a child had been born who had been named 'King of the Jews', he sent spies to find out who this possible usurper was; failing in this attempt, he gave orders for the death of all boys aged two or less in Bethlehem and nearby.
Joseph (husband of Mary, Jesus' mother) was warned in a dream that Herod intended to kill Jesus, so the family fled to Egypt until after the King's death – then moved to Nazareth in Galilee to avoid living under Herod's son Archelaus (the Romans had divided the kingdom into three, and Nazareth was ruled by another of Herod's sons, Herod Antipas).
Regarding the Massacre of the Innocents, doubt has been cast on whether the event ever took place. No other account of the period makes reference to it. Some have said that this may be because the number of male children of the right age might have been less than 20.
Since the point of this article is to compare what happened then with current events, here in Britain, it seems best to bookmark the disputed event; we'll come back to it if we must.
The part we are told under no uncertain terms is that Joseph took Mary and Jesus to Egypt until Herod's rule was over. In modern terms, they were made homeless because of political persecution that was so extreme, they had to flee the country.
The situation in the UK today, as stated by Shelter, is no less than 80,000 times as bad.
The charity told us (in November): "Government figures show that 80,000 children in Britain will be homeless this Christmas."
Vox Political said then that government policies had caused the dramatic rise: "The bedroom tax; the 'Pickles Poll Tax', otherwise known as the Council Tax reduction scheme; the benefit cap that so many people in this country seem to support without understanding any of its implications." This blog had warned that this would happen, as long ago as January.
In contrast with the Bible story, in which the family fled to safety, most homeless families interviewed by Shelter said they felt more unsafe, witnessing violence, sexual offences, drug use and dealing.
This is more than 2,000 years after the Biblical incident; civilisation is supposed to have improved over that time. Why are we allowing our government to do this to our children on such a massively more widespread scale?
Perhaps we can take some small comfort from Herod's fate. Modern medicine suggests he had chronic kidney failure, complicated by Fourier's gangrene – but let us see how it was described at the time. The historian Josephus – in Antiquities, Book 17, Chapter 6, Verse 5 – describes the disease that killed him shortly after he set out to murder Jesus: "a fire glowed in him slowly, which did not so much appear to the touch outwardly, as it augmented his pains inwardly; for it brought upon him a vehement appetite to eating, which he could not avoid to supply with one sort of food or other. His entrails were also ex-ulcerated, and the chief violence of his pain lay on his colon; an aqueous and transparent liquor also had settled itself about his feet, and a like matter afflicted him at the bottom of his belly. Nay, further, his privy-member was putrefied, and produced worms; and when he sat upright, he had a difficulty of breathing, which was very loathsome, on account of the stench of his breath, and the quickness of its returns; he had also convulsions in all parts of his body, which increased his strength to an insufferable degree. It was said by those who pretended to divine, and who were endued with wisdom to foretell such things, that God inflicted this punishment on the king on account of his great impiety."
Eric Pickles, Iain Duncan Smith, and above all David Cameron, beware.
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A Culpeper County jury has awarded $5,001 to a man whose coffee pot was tainted with urine by a former co-worker.
The verdict came in a lawsuit filed by Michael Utz against James Carroll Butler. According to court records, Butler admitted to putting his urine in Utz's coffee pot in March 2009 when both men worked for the town of Culpeper.
Butler was convicted of misdemeanor assault in May 2009. He was sentenced to a year in jail, with 11 months suspended.
The jury issued its verdict in the civil case on Monday, awarding Utz $1 in compensatory damages and $5,000 in punitive damages.
Utz's lawyer, Michael Sharman, told the Star-Exponent that his client is happy about the verdict.
Copyright AP - Associated Press


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Rotating Vane Flow Meter DF
For liquids
Measuring / switching range:
0.08 - 0.5 l/min ... 40 - 160 l/min water
Connection: G ⅛ ... G 1½, flange DN15 ... DN50,
brass, stainless steel, trogamide, polysulfone, PVDF
pmax: 6 / 10 / 16 / 100 bar
tmax: 80°C
Accuracy: ±2.5 % of full scale
Options: Pulse output, relays, analogue output, counter, batcher, digital display
Operating Instructions
The established vane technology has proven itself a million times worldwide for measuring and monitoring the flow of different mediums in pipelines. Flowmeters/monitors work with this proven principle and offer many benefits. The heart of the new vane is an embedded ring magnet; it is hermetically sealed from the flow medium. It transfers, in a non-contacting manner, the rotary motion of the vane to a Hall sensor attached to the case (in order to save space).
This converts the rotary motion to a frequency signal that is proportional to the flow rate. The downstream evaluating electronics can output this signal to a display, convert it to (0(4)-20 mA, 0-10 V) analogue signal, or count it. It may also be used to switch with up to two limit contacts. The ready and control states of the limit value relay are indicated by LEDs. The modular design of flow monitors and measuring instruments is a system that can be universally applied; it is reasonably priced; and requires minimum space when in service.
Very precise measurement results can be achieved, under tough operating conditions along with the electronics. The system is assembled with the electronics and delivered ready for service. The electronics are adjusted and tuned for use with the sensor. When retrofitted for other measuring ranges, the system may be re-adjusted with a similar device at any time.


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Can You Get Pregnant From Fingering?
Medically reviewed by: KidsHealth Medical Experts
I've never had sex but my boyfriend fingers me. Can you get pregnant from fingering?
Fingering on its own can't lead to pregnancy. But it is possible to get pregnant if a guy gets pre-ejaculate (precum) or ejaculate on his finger and then puts it in a girl's vagina. The chances of this happening are low, though.
A more likely situation than pregnancy is getting an infection from fingering. So not only should you avoid contact with precum or ejaculate, your boyfriend should wash his hands first and you should make sure neither of you has cuts and sores. You also could ask him to use finger condoms (also called finger cots).
If you have any questions or concerns, or if you think you might have an infection, talk to your doctor.
Medically reviewed by: KidsHealth Medical Experts
Date reviewed: January 2017


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Plant sales are going on everywhere these days. Our neighbor down the road had one the other day, and I bought him out of these lovely little silvery grasses.
When I asked him about this pot of golden bamboo, he said I could just have it if I would bring back the pot. What a deal! We were in line at Portland Nursery the other day and the person ahead of us had the same thing, a little smaller, for $75. Do you wonder that I can never pass by a handmade "plant sale" sign?
Many people have a bone to pick with Means Nursery because of hiring (and firing) practices. It is true that they employ practically a skeleton crew of non-gardeners who have no knowledge of the plants and who all go to lunch at the same time, leaving customers to wait and chat amongst themselves. Still, we have found the plant material to be fairly high quality and they manage to keep their prices low. These two Italian cypresses were just $16 each. R tries to add a couple of them each year. It's mighty dangerous to have to drive by this place and Joy Creek's road every time we go to the store.
Speaking of Joy Creek, they have quite a few Rhododendrons in their display gardens. They were inherited from prior owners of the property, and are not featured for sale at the nursery. Still, customers are continually asking about them, so arrangements were made to bring in real experts Mike and Maria Stewart of Dover Nursery to give a talk. They also brought plants to illustrate the wide variety of possibilities within the genus. This Rhododendron saluense is among the smallest, and will go into a new berm.
We were drawn to the lance-shaped leaves with velvety indumentum on their undersides. Rhododendron recurvum will make a nice addition to the evergreen drive.
It will only reach 2 to 3 feet in height over time. I wish I had had time to photograph more of the plants, but we were overbooked that day and had to cut out right after the presentation. One fun fact I will leave you with is this: the way you can tell the difference between an azalea and a Rhododendron is the number of stamens. Rhododendrons have ten, while azaleas have only five.