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This conversation started with him saying that his belief in god is just as rational as any atheist for not believing in a god. He referenced arguments by a man named Alvin Plantinga http-::philosophy.nd.edu:people:all:profiles:plantinga-alvin:docume... -Plantinga's Essay.
The Christian below had commented on the point that I was making. I had said that the method best to determine empirical truth was Evidentialism, more specifically, Evidential Foundationalism. Explained by Youtube User Evid3nc3 = http-::www.youtube.com:watch?v=g9x_oa--KAc&feature=related
I had said that his claims that ID and "other important advancements" had been stopped due to biased scientists were false.
So How do you respond to this comment?
"Well as I have stated before, I would say that presuppositions are not better than other presuppositions. Most of the time we hold presuppositions without even knowing it because of the areas of the world we have grown up in. Our most intimate values and beliefs are also ingrained in our culture and life experiences.
"I would say that your four presuppositions are not better than other presuppositions held by other people and your presuppositions do not help to discern undeniable truth or Truth with a capital T. I would even argue that your system is not "more reliable" compared to other systems when it comes to Truth. Your system only helps you to discern subjective truth through your own perceptions. In fact, you would probably say that all truths are through our perceptions and that there is no other way to obtain anything than through the senses but that is because you hold your presupposition of Naturalism. There also is another presuppositions before "I think therefore I am".
Most people presuppose that the rational logic that humans use is actually Truly rational and logical outside of humans. In fact, this is even more basic and necessary before the presupposition of "I think therefore I am". Why is this more basic and necessary? Well if your logic is flawed from True logic you would never know. If fact as long as your premise allows for flawed logic then your flawed logic would seem True.
In fact, Descarte's argument has also been torn apart along with all other philosophers and theologians arguments. There is no "argument" in philosophy or theology that has avoided scrutiny because most of the time the worldviews and presuppositions that people hold are just different which would lead them to differing conclusions.
Your four presuppositions also stem from the western world. The system which you speak about is from a western point of view. (which is held by less than half the world). In most parts of the world people hold the presupposition of supernaturalism (or the idea that there is more than just the natural world. There exists the supernatural). There is this idea that supernatural things can occur in this world . This in itself is a worldview and something that all theologians presuppose.
ie. Let us talk about the mind. What is the mind? Where is the source of the mind? Is this something observable? Is it physical? Does it have mass? is it more spiritual? Is it the soul? is it the same thing as the brain? Is it the physical chemicals that are produced in the brain?
There is a whole branch of philosophy devoted to the mind trying to discern if it is supernatural or natural.
Also I do not claim my presuppositions to be better than others simply because I do not believe I have that knowledge and authority. For you to claim that your presuppositions are better, you would need to have look into every other single view out there and compare it to your presuppositions. You would also have to be able to know that other people's presuppositions are wrong and to see if their flow of logic is consistent within their own presuppositions. You would have to know their views inside and out in order to make the comparison claim that "my system is better". You would also need to question your own presuppositions and know your presuppositions are True.
Sadly scientists have been thrown out of the community for even simply claiming to be christian or religious. People are not as nice or logical as you think they are. People do judge even before testing a theory. Now I am not saying all christian relieve this persecution. ie. francis collins, the man that pioneered the human genome project."
Views: 348
"So How do you respond to this comment?"
Like this:
Dude, that's one very long non sequitur.
Regarding the issue of Intelligent Design, I would respond with this phrase: Kitzmiller v Dover Area School District.
The best that the Discovery Institute had to offer were available for that trial ... and they got their hats handed to them, and by a Bush 43 appointee as well.
As for the issue of mind, my response is objectivity vs. subjectivity. Within the realm of subjectivity, anything is possible, any event is conceivable, but NOTHING IS CONFIRMABLE. You can imagine anything, perceive anything, claim anything ... but not one bit of that is available for external corroboration. In the objective realm, anything is NOT possible. Any event will be restricted by physical law ... but External Observation Is Possible, and with it, corroboration, duplication, examination and analysis. That's what makes science the benchmark that it is ... and it's why subjectivity is not considered part of the scientific discipline.
In addition, there is no demonstrable mechanism for the maintenance of consciousness independent of a nervous system, nor any means of observing mind or consciousness without the association of a nervous system. People can allege as they please. They can prove NOTHING.
Thank you for these suggestions. I am not aware of the truth in his statement that scientists have been thrown out of the community for merely claiming to be christian. This does not seem to have any truth to it. I don't understand his comment that all. If he has something more consistent then Evidentialism then I wish he would let me know or if anyone one of you see's something wrong but not addressed by Evid3nc3's videos, which are exactly the same position I hold, then please let me know!
If someone wants to assert that a scientist has been ejected from a study, lab, or educational facility purely on religious grounds, I would suggest that they cite a specific instance. Personally, I'm aware of no such incident.
Evidence talks. Bullshit walks.
What makes the account less creditable is the absence of law suits. These aren't cases where you have to go find a lawyer.... there would be a dozen lawyers camping at your front door with visions of sugar plums dancing in their heads. …....….[crickets].... .. I must have missed the news about those lawsuits - I guess even Lush Limpbaugh missed it.
If a person is capable at preforming their job and their beliefs don't, demonstrably, bias the judgments and decisions they make. Short of some very solid evidence to the contrary, there is no rational, financial or legal benefits for any business to be judging a person's belief and firing them for that. Further, if the issue came to a pissing contest twixt theist and Atheist witch hunting on our side would be a totally ineffective pursuit and it would be hypocritical from our point of view.
This argument is just another form of the same argument from skepticism I have had with my own "pet theist". It goes like this: If all beliefs depend upon still other beliefs, then there can never be any absolute proof as to which beliefs are any better or worse than any others. So there is no way we can prove anything, and all knowledge-claims are nothing more than beliefs with nothing ultimately supporting them but faith. This argument does two things the theist loves. First, it puts all beliefs on level ground, so at least justified beliefs grounded in reason are no better than beliefs based on faith alone. Secondly, it introduces faith at the outset, introducing faith as the prerequisite for any belief, thus (the theist would love to believe) justifying faith before anything else, even reason itself!
The response I would give here is that it is unfortunately true that there is no such thing as absolute proof. We do have to make some assumptions in order to progress to knowledge, but this does not mean that we cannot have knowledge. What it means is that, if we are to believe anything with any degree of justification whatsoever, we must believe (according to an epistemology quite like the one you noted) what our experiences tell us. Either our experiences are, in at least to some small degree, reliable indicators of a reality which is not mind-dependent, or else we can believe nothing at all with any degree of justification. Your theist thus puts himself in a very tight spot. In order to keep up this argument without logical contradiction, he must take a position of extreme skepticism, doubting that any belief is any better than any other. It is just as likely that he is (insert any absurd thing here you like) than that he is who he thinks he is. It is just as likely that he is made of cheese, or that he is riding a flying unicorn, etc. ad absurdum... it is just as likely anything is true than that it is not. We would then be in no position whatsoever to have a rational discussion about anything, and that makes such an attempt quite pointless doesn't it? There would certainly be no reason to believe that it is any more or less likely that there is a god or there isn't one (perhaps having a 50/50 chance here evens the odds for the theists here!), which means to be consistent he must be an agnostic, not a theist.
The only other alternative is to trust our experiences to be at least somewhat reliable. This means using evidence and having as strict and rigorous a method for determining what may or may not be reliable as possible. This means that prepositions like "I have two hands" are vastly more likely to be true than that "there is an all-powerful invisible man in the sky". This is why it is quite pointless to have discussions with theists - they are oblivious to how untenable their positions ultimately are.
Further, what Descartes did was to show that our experiences can give us reliable beliefs about a mind-independent world, and even (as in his famous example) knowledge which comes remarkably close to absolute proof. It is pretty hard (though Lord knows the theists have tried! <-- a joke) to deny the inference "I think, therefore I am". This is a classic example of how relying on empirical evidence provides justification for one's beliefs. Any attempt to refute this simple preposition only ends up reinforcing it. How can it be otherwise that if I am thinking, I must exist?
I think that we should remember that Descartes' reason for believing in the outside world was that he thought God existed (via the ontological argument) and that God wouldn't deceive him about reality. His famous phrase was just all that he could not reject.
But it is also wrong. Allow me to quote Bertrand Russell:
"But some care is needed in using Descartes' argument. 'I think, therefore I am' says rather more than is strictly certain. It might seem as though we were quite sure of being the same person today as we were yesterday, and this is no doubt true in some sense. But the real Self is as hard to arrive at as the real table, and does not seem to have that absolute, convincing certainty that belongs to particular experiences. When I look at my table and see a certain brown colour, what is quite certain at once is not 'I am seeing a brown colour', but rather, 'a brown colour is being seen'. This of course involves something (or somebody) which (or who) sees the brown colour; but it does not of itself involve that more or less permanent person whom we call ' I'. So far as immediate certainty goes, it might be that the something which sees the brown colour is quite momentary, and not the same as the something which has some different experience the next moment."
(Bertrand Russell "The Problems of Philosophy" p. 9)
Just ran across this thread and wanted to respond. I have three points.
First, I am sick to death of the eastern/western dichotomy. If an argument is valid and sound, it is valid and sound. If it is not, it is not. There is no "eastern world," "eastern medicine," or any such hokum. There are supernatural worldviews everywhere on the planet, and pejoratively labeling the naturalistic ones "western" is bunk. The natural world is all that is observable, and people in every part of the world have recognized this. A "presupposition of supernaturalism" is unfounded unless there is some evidence for the existence of supernature.
Second, mind is an emergent property of brain. Look it up. Dualism is dead, and nobody in any serious field of study accepts it any more. The concept of a mind or soul independent of the physical brain has practically been shown to be impossible.
Third, I do not have any presuppositions other than the belief that I exist, the Logical Absolutes, and the assumption that something worth accepting is supportable by evidence. If evidence of supernatural things emerges, I will believe. Neither I nor any other reasonable skeptic has a presupposition that such a thing cannot possibly be. In the absence of even the most minimal objective evidence, we just do not believe that they are.
Nicely put Ian.
less than 2 cents: There is no arguing with the Plantinga camp and an a priori god. You can just as soon claim a priori there is no god and bam, you're done talking to them.
For Ian's 2nd point see Anthony Cashmore's research or read Oliver Sachs' excellent book "The Man Who Mistook His Wife For A Hat."
I certainly agree that reasonable people can be theists, but this is not because of what your friend says (and why I think this is irrelevant to the discussion at hand).
Your friend seems to be mixing two of Plantinga's arguments: his argument against naturalism, and his reformed epistemology, though mostly the latter.
Plantinga's reformed epistemology actually shoots itself in the foot:
"[T]he atheist can stand Plantinga's argument on its head and argue that the fact that theistic belief is not warrant basic shows that there probably is no God!... If the arguments of these authors (Marx, Freud, Guthrie, Alper, Boyer, Wilson, and Broom, who give naturalistic accounts of religious belief) are cogent--and Plantinga gives no reason why they cannot be (unless we _presuppose_ theism true)--then there is excellent reason to doubt that theistic belief is warrant basic, for such belief will have natural, nonrational causes--and not be caused by the proper functioning of a cognitive faculty designed to produce true beliefs... Arguments against the _rationality_ of theistic belief now become arguments also against the _truth_ of theism. Reformed epistemology does indeed have an ironic conclusion: Its net effect is to multiply the arguments against the existence of God."
(Keith Parsons "Some Contemporary Theistic Arguments" in "The Cambridge Companion to Atheism" ed. Michael Martin)
The argument against naturalism is also poor, because we aren't given much of a reason to accept some of the premises supporting evidence, and the problem can (again) be turned on its head and attack theism.
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Facebook is about to turn your social life into an online newspaper. That's the takeaway from a new slate of changes the company unveiled yesterday, ahead of its annual f8 developer conference in San Francisco. From now on, if you log in to Facebook after a lengthy hiatus, your news feed – much like the front page of a daily paper – will consist of a list of "top stories," photos and updates that were posted while you were away, with each high-priority item tagged with a blue earmark. More frequent users, on the other hand, will find a list of most recent stories presented in chronological order, along with larger photos embedded directly within their news feed.
The company has also introduced a new "ticker" feature that provides users with real-time updates on their friends' activity, displayed along the right-hand side of the home page. Here, you'll find the exact same updates you'd see on a real-time news feed, with the crucial difference being that you'll be able to interact with each development without missing a beat. If you see that a friend comments on a cat video, for example, you'll be able to click that item in the ticker and add your two cents, without having to navigate away from the home screen. Facebook will likely provide more details on these new features at its f8 tomorrow, but you can find more information in the demo video, after the break.

subset: commoncrawl


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Hash functions are one of cryptography's most fundamental building blocks, even more so than encryption functions. For example, hash functions are used for digital fingerprinting and commitment schemes, such as message authentication and random number generation, as well as for digital signature schemes, stream ciphers, and random oracles.
Recently, Antoine Joux, one of the leading cryptographers of our time, discovered multi-collision attacks against the general framework in which hash functions are constructed [1], and Xiaoyun Wang created an attack that breaks the collision-resistance property of the most widely deployed hash functions [2], including MD5 and SHA-1. In 2005, Arjen Lenstra and Wang demonstrated how to forge two digital certificates, based on the MD5 hash function, by using different keys but the same signature -- something that was hitherto thought to be impossible [3]. These attacks that were discovered, and other vulnerabilities that were exposed by researchers have stimulated a resurgence of research into hash functions. This research has also spawned an international competition, sponsored by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), an agency responsible for standards used by the U.S. Government, to create a next-generation hash function design.
In this article we highlight some recent work in hash function development. We begin by providing some background on hash functions and look at the problems that hash functions address. We then sketch how to build a hash function. Moving on, we outline recent seminal work in the field of hash functions. We describe two radically different designs entered in the NIST competition, the Skein and Vortex designs, created in part with Intel participation. This is followed by a discussion of the design rationale for each where we also compare and contrast the basic design decisions. We end with a summary of our findings.
Hash Functions
A hash functions is usually defined as a function
H satisfying three properties [4]:
- Collision resistance. It is computationally infeasible to find two distinct bit strings
s'such that
s) =
- Pre-image resistance. Given a hash value
tin the range of
H, it is computationally infeasible to find a string
sfor which
s) =
- 2nd Pre-image resistance. Given a string
sand hash value
tsuch that
s) =
t, it is computationally infeasible to find a second string
s'such that
s') =
tas well.
A hash function maps the set of all bit strings into a "message digest" of defined length, called the hash function's "block size." Since there are many more strings than message digests, at least one digest output by the hash function must be the image of more than one input string. It is therefore remarkable that it is possible to build a function
h that has the three properties previously noted. These properties imply that
h essentially acts like a randomly selected compression function.
It is instructive to describe some typical use cases:
- Digital fingerprinting. Hash functions construct effective digital fingerprints. If
drepresents a digital data structure, such as a document, then the message digest
h (d)is its fingerprint; the 2nd-pre-image-resistance property says it is infeasible to find a second data structure
d'with the same fingerprint
h (d') = h (d).
- Digital signatures. Digital signatures extend digital fingerprinting by encrypting the hash value
h (d)of a data structure d under a private key.
- Message authentication. A hash function h used with a secret key
Kcan be used to authenticate a message m. The idea is to create a tag
t = h (K || m), where "||" denotes string concatenation, which is sent with the message and verified by the receiver. (This does not quite work in practice, because the cascade construction introduces vulnerabilities hashing the last message block. Instead the tag is essentially computed as
h (K || h ( K || m))). Because of pre-image resistance, it is infeasible for an attacker to create the same tag
tunless he or she knows the key
K, and because of collision resistance, the tag could have been created only by concatenating the message m to the key
Pseudo-random number generation. One standard way to build a random number generator is to take a key
K, usually called a "seed", and to compute
h (K || 0 ), h (K || 1 ), h (K || 2 ), with each digest representing a different random number. If
Kare carefully selected, it is infeasible to distinguish this, by any statistical test, from a stream of genuine random numbers.
- Stream ciphers. A stream cipher can be built by taking a hash function
h, and encrypting message
mi ⊕ mi ⊕ h (K, i ), where " ⊕" denotes XOR, and decryption is mi ⊕ h (K, i ) ⊕ (mi ⊕ h (K, i )) ⊕ h (K, i ) = mi.
- Random oracles. Random oracles can be thought of as specialized random number generators. They are used widely in cryptography, such as for randomizing public and private key encryption, to make them secure from arcane attacks.


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This recall is very simple. In Seneca Township the planning commission has full authority over special use permits. On Aug. 3, after reviewing material I had brought to the meeting, the planning commission agreed that the Ordinance 8.03 did not apply to me and voted 5-0 to issue me a special use permit under the supervision of the state. End of story...Not.
Evidently, Alison Ott and Marie Meinke were not satisfied with that decision and they tried to use their authority on the board to try and bully me. Well, it did not work. I stood my ground for what was right.
Allison Ott did not follow the rules of the township. She ignored the authority of the planning commission on this matter and did not fulfill her responsibilities as the township clerk to prepare a special use permit as the planning commission voted. She did not uphold the ordinances set forth in the zoning book, instead she tried to use her authority to make the ordinance she wanted to make and disregarded the decision of the planning commission, regardless of the rules she was supposed to follow.
Then to add insult to injury, at the November meeting, Allison Ott made a motion to take me to circuit court. Marie Meinke seconded that motion while the three members voted "no." So now they want to spend our tax dollars serving their own agenda (because someone challenged their authority) to take a resident to court for not doing what they wanted when they had no authority over the matter to begin with. Yep, that's the kind of people I want to pay $600 and $700 a month to, using our tax money to serve their agendas and make them feel important and full of authority.
Vote "yes" to recall Allison Ott and Marie Meinke from our township board and let's get some people in those positions who will follow the rules and use our tax money wisely.
My personal issue with the township is finally over. The planning commission has corrected the permit. But I refuse to sit back and let our township officials bully people and not follow the rules while cashing their checks each month from our tax money. If I have to be the one to stand up and say what's right, I will.
The great thing about this process is that each resident gets to have their voice heard with their vote. Whether that vote is "yes" or "no," I do encourage each resident to think about what the vote means for our township. I vote Yes to put the right back in our board, I vote Yes for a better township board for the residents, I vote Yes to recall Allison Ott and Marie Meinke.
– Dayna Cordts
Weston Road


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The Vandelles presented by The Great Unknowns Presents 35 - 0 views
shared by Michael J on 14 Nov 09 - Cached
Michael J on 14 Nov 09This weeks artist spotlight is a cutting edge modern psychedelic rock band from New York. Originally two different bands, they merged to create a Beach Boys meets, Jesus and Mary Chain, and The Ramones all wrapped into one. Listen at http://greatunknownspresents.com Read the interview at http://greatunknownsmusicexpose.com


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Be Safe in Gusty Conditions
Gusts are sudden, strong blasts of wind. They can quickly turn a kite session into a nightmare and are a key factor in many accidents. It is recommended to always monitor the wind before you start your session to observe if the wind varies significantly;in this case you should avoid riding. Now if you decide to ride in gusty winds, remember to avoid keeping your kite at 12 o'clock as gusts will lift it or drop it. Avoid staying too long on the beach as accident are more harmful there than in the water and wind is probably gustier there too. Launch your kite towards the ocean and get in the as soon as possible. Finally, use your common sense, go to the nearest IKO Affiliated Center and/or IKO Instructor to ask for advices about these special wind conditions and if you don't feel comfortable with them, keep your session for another day.


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The Groomed Man was established in 2011 with a view to providing everything you need for a traditional wet shave all in one place. Making it easy for you have the best possible shaving experience.
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text:
A second Republican senator says he will back former Sen. Chuck Hagel as the next Pentagon chief.
Nebraska's senior senator, Mike Johanns, says he believes Hagel will be a strong supporter of Israel and other allies of the U.S. and will be firm with America's enemies.
Johanns tells the Lincoln Journal Star that he believes Hagel earned his endorsement.
Johanns says he decided to back Hagel after the former Nebraska senator's confirmation hearing and after meeting with him.
Some Republican senators have said they will vote against confirming Hagel. Hagel has been criticized as not being tough enough on Iran or sufficiently supportive of Israel.
Johanns joins Republican Sen. Thad Cochran of Mississippi in supporting Hagel's nomination. Senate Democrats hold the majority, and none has voiced opposition to Hagel's appointment.


text:
It's another give away!!!
Last year Simple City Life Blog did a Father's day give way for us. This year in keeping with tradition they are doing another one. Head over to the blog post and fill out the raffle copter form to enter for your chance to win a free Tour De Outdoors tee shirt and 2 packs of spoke reflectors.
Don't forget you can enter every day!!!


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August 15, 2013
LAWT News Service
Sebastian Ridley-Thomas recently announced he has raised $230,000 in the first two months of his campaign for state Assembly's 54th District. On June 30 Ridley-Thomas officially reported having raised $102,000 for his campaign. Ridley-Thomas said he is grateful for the tremendous support he has garnered at this stage in his campaign.
"I'm very pleased and thankful for the encouragement I have received since I announced my intention to run for the 54th Assembly District. A heart-warming number of people have expressed their confidence in my ability to perform well in this important position of leadership for our community and state. My supporters' enthusiasm has given me greater energy to work harder as my campaign progresses.
"In the weeks ahead, we look forward to engaging the people of the 54th Assembly District in a discussion of issues of greatest concern to them, and showing how a new generation of leadership, coupled with serious work, can deliver desired results throughout the 54th Assembly District," he said.
"We've had a strong start. I have a solid campaign team behind me. We have a lot more work to do. We have more people to reach with our message. We intend to finish strong. I plan to be successful in the upcoming Special Election," he added.
California's 54th Assembly District encompasses Culver City and unincorporated Ladera Heights, and the Los Angeles communities of Mar Vista, Palms, Westwood, Cheviot Hills, Beverlywood, Faircrest Heights, Century City, Holmby Hills, Mid City, Lafayette Square, Baldwin Hills, View Park, Windsor Hills, Crenshaw District, Jefferson Park, Leimert Park and Park Mesa Heights.
For more information on Sebastian Ridley-Thomas' campaign for the 54th Assembly District, go to: sebastianforassembly.com.


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Dale F. Joy, 74, North Manchester, passed away on Nov. 15 at his residence. He was born July 5, 1939 in South Whitley to Omer and Opal (Elkins) Joy.
Dale graduated from Roann High School in 1957. He was a collector of many things, with a special passion for unusual rocks, coins, bottles and glass. He also enjoyed woodworking and photography. Dale retired from Orthopedic Precision Instruments in Roann after 26 years. He married Phyllis Williamson on Feb. 27, 1959. She passed away Oct. 11, 1993. He married Joyce (Huffman) Middleton on Aug. 21, 1999. She survives.
He is also survived by two daughters, Susan (Kurt) Carver, Warsaw and Kristine (Jeffrey) Tucker, Claypool; two sons, Ralph Joy, St. Cloud, Fla. and Robert Lee Joy, Pierceton; one sister, Elizabeth Peters, Texas; a stepson, Randy (Linda) Middleton, North Manchester; two stepdaughters, Karen (Terry) Hewitt and Diane (Brian) Haupert, both of North Manchester; three grandsons; one granddaughter, one great-grandson; two step grandchildren and give step great-grandchildren. He was preceded in death by his parents, his first wife, one grandson, three brothers and three sisters.
Funeral services will be held Wednesday, Nov. 20 at 10 a.m. at McKee Mortuary, 1401 SR 114 West, North Manchester, with Pastor J.P. Freeman officiating. Calling hours are on Tuesday, Nov. 19 from 4-8 p.m. at McKee Mortuary. Burial will follow in Roann Community Cemetery.
Memorials may be made to the North Manchester Center for History c/o North Manchester Historical Society, PO Box 361, North Manchester, IN 46962.


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Today, I bought another QuranSeptember 8th, 2010
Today, I bought another Quran.
I already have two of them. Translated by different people. They're heavily underlined, highlighted, annotated (defaced some may say) just like my copies of the Jewish and Christian scriptures. I've studied them all in quests for understanding that have serves as the backbones of three novels — Daughter of God, Perfect Killer and an almost-completed (and so-far-untitled) work. That study has also helped me — a fairly heretical Protestant — to understand my own faith.
But why yet another Quran?
Because the same evil irrationality that has hijacked most of Islam outside of the United States has possessed Terry Jones — a Florida religious cleric — who says he wants to burn copies of the Quran.
I bought another Quran today as a preemptive strike against Jones's sectarian bigotry. For, regardless of whether he ever sets match to a Quran, he has burned goodwill and torched the efforts of rational, earnest people who have made an effort to bridge the religious divide.
When the Quran I bought today arrives, I'll donate it to a friend or a local church or synagogue and urge its careful reading. I will do this because a thoughtful reading of the Quran and the Jewish and Christian scriptures will reveal frighteningly similar tales of death, destruction, murder, mayhem and mutilation committed in the name of Allah, God, or Yahweh. While today we hear most about the Quran's admonitions to "slay the infidels wherever you will find them," Islam has nothing close to a monopoly on scripturally sanctioned violence against people of differing faiths: The Crusades, the Spanish Inquisition and Israelite extermination of Canaanites and others come to mind.
I see my purchase of a new Quran today as a small, individual strike against the un-American actions inherent in book burning. Nazis burned books. So do the Taliban. Many Muslim states have outlawed all religious scriptures but the Quran. By contrast, American principles demand freedom of religion and expression.
Certainly Jones has a right to express his opinion. He has a constitutional right to burn copies of the Quran. And while he has that right, he has a duty as a citizen and a leader of a congregation to consider the consequences of his actions. The same should be said of those who wish to build a mosque at the 9/11 site in New York. They also have a constitutional right, but are showing the same emotional tone-deafness as Jones. The only difference between the two is that here in the United States, issues are to be settled by discourse rather than violence. And those who violate that are (or should be) prosecuted.
The same does not hold in most of the Muslim world. Unfortunately, irrationality easily possesses global Islam where mobs kill and burn over a cartoon, clerics call for the death of non-believers and especially apostates, and here governments outlaw the worship of other faiths and vow to wipe them off the face of the earth. Jones's inflammatory actions are likely to lead to injuries and deaths beyond our borders.
I bought another Quran today because I support a different path. A careful, insightful reading of the Quran reveals a religion with fewer words devoted to violence that the scriptures of Christians and Jews. That careful reading reveals that Islam has truly been hijacked by medieval whack-jobs. Sadly, this is characteristic of relatively new religions. Christianity and Judaism went through the same berserk paroxysms of violence and intolerance perverted by politicians, and despots for their own selfish power grabs.
I bought another Quran today because I believe it is a constructive, individual action that opposes Jones's Taliban-think by spreading knowledge and understanding. And in the end, knowledge is the best — and only lasting — defense against ignorance, bigotry and intolerance.


text:
Les étrennes de Sylvanie (L'Echo de Paris, 12 January 1893)
Jean-Louis Forain, whose real name was Louis-Henri Forain, was a French illustrator, caricaturist, impressionist painter and Goguette singer. Born in Reims as the son of a painter, he was a pupil of Jean-Léon Gérôme at the School of Fine Arts. He participated in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 and subsequently befriended writers like Verlaine and Rimbaud. He also associated himself with impressionist painters and participated in several expositions between 1879 and 1886.
Forain began his career as a caricaturist around 1876 with contributions to Le Scapin. He later also drew for La Vie Moderne, Le Monde Parisien and La République des Lettres. He published his satirical drawings in Le Courrier Français from 1887, and began his 35-year collaboration with Le Figaro in 1891. Numerous other papers, including L'Écho de Paris, Le New York Herald, Le Journal amusant, Le Rire, Le Temps, L'Assiette au Beurre and Le Gaulois carried his drawings, as did his own magazine, Le Fifre, that he launched in 1899. For L'Echo, he created comic strips like 'Les étrennes de Sylvanie' and 'Les Bonnes Filles de Paris'.
Les Bonnes Filles de Paris (L'Echo de Paris, 26 January 1893)
While Forain was mainly satirizing social affairs, the Boulangist movement, the Panama scandal and the Dreyfus affair pushed him more and more to political satire against the French Third Republic. He founded the anti-Semitic paper Psst...! with Caran d'Ache in 1898. Forain was a volunteer during the First World War, and participated with other artists in the camouflage section. He accompanied the soldiers in the trenches for moral support while making numerous drawings. He participated in the foundation of the Republic of Montmartre in 1920 and was the movement's president from 1923 until his death in 1931.
Les Notables


text:
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