text:
Walk in the park yields biological treasure
A newly identified relationship between a fly and a weedy mustard-type plant promises to answer many long-standing questions surrounding the evolutionary arms race between plant-eating insects and their host plants.
Scientists trying to get a grip on the arms race between plant-eating insects and the defenses put up by their hosts just got a boost from new research by a University of Arizona entomologist published in the early view edition of Molecular Ecology.
Noah Whiteman, an assistant professor in the UA's department of ecology and evolutionary biology, has found a miniature ecosystem consisting of a plant and a tiny fly that spends its entire life cycle on the plant.
What makes this system special is the fact that both its key players the plant and the insect are what scientists call genetically tractable model organisms: holy grails of any serious science that aim to unravel biological mechanisms down to the level of genes and proteins and signaling molecules.
Decades of research and knowledge rest upon two of the most famous and widely used workhorses in genetics research: Arabidopsis thaliana, an unassuming, weedy plant in the mustard family, and Drosophila melanogaster, familiar to many as the tiny, red-eyed fruit flies hovering around the produce aisle.
However, until now, scientists wanting to study interactions between plant-eating insects and the plants they befell were out of luck: Fruit flies, as the name implies, feed on rotting fruit and couldn't care less about Arabidopsis plants, and vice versa.
Enter Scaptomyza flava, a fly so closely related to Drosophila melanogaster it shares most of its genes, and with a strong appetite for Arabidopsis. Female Scaptomyza flies prick a hole into the plant tissue and lay their eggs inside. Once the larvae hatch, they spend their childhood as leaf miners: tunneling their way through the leaf, munching on the nutritious plant tissue.
A fruitful walk in the field
Although the science underlying plant-insect interactions is no walk in the park, Whiteman's discovery started out as just that.
While a postdoctoral research fellow at Harvard, Whiteman became frustrated by the lack of a model system to study plant-insect interactions on a genetic and molecular level.
After an extensive literature search, he went out into the field and started looking for mustard plants that had flies living in and on them.
"One of the first places I started to look was Fresh Pond, which provides a lot of the water supply for Cambridge. There was a vacant lot so I pulled up my car and looked for yellow flowers. And sure enough, there was this plant called Barbarea vulgaris growing there, which is introduced from Europe and closely related to watercress."
"I looked for mines in the leaves. I brought some leaves and larvae to the lab, wrapped them in paper towels, put them in cages and let them go."
Eventually, flies started coming out. Some of them had red eyes.
"I keyed them out and they turned out to belong to the genus Scaptomyza, an outdated classification because we now know they belong to the Drosophila genus. This is exciting,' I thought. I put them all in a cage with Arabidopsis plants. They started attacking the plants; not only the larvae, but the adult females, too. They make holes in the leaves with their ovipositors and drink the juices that come out."
Then, one day, while walking his dog in one of Boston's oldest city parks, Whiteman again came across the plants with the telltale tunnels in their leaves.
"I found the same plant there and the same flies in it. There were actually two Scaptomyza species coming out of this plant. One is a true herbivore and was making the mines, and the other was living in the mines of the miner. I sent the flies to the Smithsonian USDA Insect Identification Lab for confirmation but they sent them back and said, There is nobody here who could identify this.'"
"There seems to be this idea that there is this big convention where people decide what becomes a model organism, when in fact it's just individuals who decide what can be collected and what will work. The problem with these flies is you can't freeze the eggs, you can't store them. You need to keep things alive."
Sharing a hotel room with flies
When Whiteman traveled across the country to join the faculty at the UA, the flies traveled with him.
"I kept them in the back of my car, in cages. I was bringing them into hotel rooms."
Next, Whiteman's research group had to show that the flies and Arabidopsis plants could be used as a model system.
"There is a lot of research going on trying to figure out what biochemical pathways plants use to cope with insect attacks," said Whiteman. "Now we can tackle these questions in much more detail."
As one might expect, over the course of evolution, host plants have developed numerous ways to ward off parasites, such as chemicals that are toxic to the insects or throw a wrench into their development in some way.
Whiteman and his coworkers found that Arabidopsis plants ramp up their production of proteins that mess with the insects' digestive tract.
"The idea is that the plant is making it difficult for the insect to digest it," Whiteman explained. "It's very complicated, we don't really know what's going on at a molecular level."
To address this question, the researchers compared how well larvae fared on defenseless, mutant plants unable to make the indigestive proteins compared to their kin raised on wild-type plants.
"From those analyses, we do know that it has an effect on the larvae; they don't do as well," Whiteman said. "The plants put up their defense in response to the insects being present. If you're a fly, living on something that is trying to kill you is different from living on, say, a rotting apple," Whiteman said.
"We also know that once a plant turns on one defensive pathway, others shut down. They inhibit each other," he added. "To the ecologist this is confusing, but of course, you can't be good at everything at the same time."
"Until now, we weren't able to tease these mechanisms apart, to answer questions like, why is this insect feeding less? We didn't have any tools to study these interactions in a controlled fashion."
"You could put any plant-eating insect on Arabidopsis to study this interaction from the plant side," he said. "In order to make our new model system compelling from the insect side, we had to use some tools from Drosophila genetics."
Hunting down defense genes
His team tested the Scaptomyza flies for the activity of genes known from Drosophila to be important in dealing with toxic plant compounds, and how they responded to the presence or absence of specific host plant defense molecules.
The researchers found that when they reared larvae in knockout plants unable to produce defense molecules, the flies dialed back their expression of detoxification genes.
"It makes sense for them to not turn on those genes unless the plant's defenses are up," Whiteman said.
Conversely, putting larvae on plants with intact defenses turned on their detoxification genes.
To put the new model system on a broad basis, Whiteman and his colleagues determined the genetic code of all the active genes in larvae reared on plants with different abilities to fend off insects.
"Now we have a couple of billion of base pairs of data, and our goal is to identify genes that are selectively induced or repressed in larvae depending on what kind of plant they are reared on," he said. "We found 400-500 significantly induced ones."
As often in ground-breaking research, the initial discovery stirred up a myriad of questions.
"Now we have to figure out, are those genes functionally important?" Whiteman said. "We can show that there is resistance in Arabidopsis and we can identify which pathways are involved in that resistance. The next question is: How is the leaf miner responding to the presence or absence of these toxic molecules? Does it care? Clearly, it does. There is a cost for detoxifying, but what is it?"
Ecological questions are waiting to be answered as well.
"We know that the leaf mining habit has evolved probably 25 times in insects," Whiteman said, "mostly in beetles, butterflies, moths, some wasps and saw flies. It's not present in the other insect orders, but why? How has selection shaped the ability of these insects to colonize an organism with a potent defense response? We want to develop the Scaptomyza lineage as a system for answering questions like these. This is our lab rat system."
Provided by University of Arizona


text:
Egyptian TV interview with Khaled Fahmy (MEMRI)
In the ongoing discussion of Egypt's Jews, it seems that the historian, Khaled Fahmy, has it in for the Muslim Brotherhood: he places much of the blame for the flight of Egyptian Jews in the first half of the 20th century on them. Report in the Algemeiner (with thanks: Jonah, Lily):
In an interview posted by the Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI) that first aired on Al-Nahar TV, Khaled Fahmi states that "the Muslim Brotherhood bears much of the responsibility for the fleeing of the Jews from Egypt."
During the 1930s and 1940s thousand of Jews fled Egypt. During World War II Haj Amin Al Husseini, the Mufti of Jerusalem, lived in exile in the country (correction: as commenter Eliyahu reminds us, the Mufti spent the war years in Europe, having fled to Berlin from Iran in 1941 - ed). While there he allied himself with Hitler and appropriated funds from the Nazis to the Muslim Brotherhood in order to print antisemitic propaganda. In 1945 a pogrom took place in Cairo's Jewish quarter that left ten people dead and 350 wounded. After the establishment of the State of Israel thousands more Egyptian Jews were forced out of Egypt due to ongoing tensions between the two countries.
The full transcript of Khaled Fahmi's comments is posted below (provided by MEMRI):
Khaled Fahmi: The Muslim Brotherhood bears much of the responsibility for the fleeing of the Jews from Egypt. All the writings of the Muslim Brotherhood… If you grab a copy of their Al-Nazir newspaper [from the late 1930s], the editor-in-chief of which was Salah Al-Ashmawi, you will see that there were many anti-Jewish articles – articles that did not distinguish between Zionism and the Jews. An article published in 1938 accused the Jews, among many other things… The article was titled "The Danger of the Jews to the Islamic and Christian world." It accused the Jews of being the cause of British colonialism in India. It claimed that the real colonialists in India were the Jews, not the British.
Read article in full
Abbas denies Egypt's Jews were expelled
Read article in full
Abbas denies Egypt's Jews were expelled

subset: commoncrawl


text:
A large spring snowstorm delivering everything from heavy snow and high winds to freezing rain and possible tornadoes was causing travel problems from Wyoming to Chicago on Tuesday.
In Wyoming, a 100-mile stretch of Interstate 25 between Cheyenne and Douglas was closed as well as a 125-mile section of I-80 between Laramie and Rawlins. Many smaller highways in a majority of the state also were closed, slick or had no travel advisories.
More than a foot of snow had fallen as of midmorning in Lander. In Pine Bluffs, near the Nebraska border, wind has created 1- to 2- foot drifts out of the snow that has fallen there.
"I'm pretty confident that this particular storm is more widespread and has caused more travel problems and closures than any storm we've had this calendar year certainly," Bruce Burrows, spokesman for the Wyoming Department of Transportation, said.
Freezing rain, snow and strong winds, were hitting Kansas and South Dakota, where numerous local elections were postponed. Some schools in Minnesota dismissed students early as travel conditions deteriorated.
Snow in the Denver area has been lighter than expected but around 500 flights have been cancelled at Denver International Airport and deicing was delaying departures.
Flights bound for Chicago's O'Hare International Airport, meanwhile, were being delayed an average of nearly four hours because of dense fog.
Tornadoes were also possible in parts of Texas, Oklahoma and Arkansas later in the day.
As the storm moved into Colorado Monday night, two tornadoes were reported near Akron on eastern Colorado's plains though forecasters haven't confirmed the twisters yet. A trailer home rolled over onto its top, a roof blew off a barn and six power poles were toppled, Washington County undersheriff Jon Stivers said.
A motorcycle dealership partially collapsed in Pueblo, Colo., where winds gusted to 64 mph.
In Wyoming's Sweetwater County, wind gusts up to 71 mph damaged a marina at Flaming Gorge Reservoir and broke windows at the Western Wyoming Community College in Rock Springs, according to the National Weather Service.
About 1,200 customers in Rock Springs lost power Monday afternoon after winds broke a cross-arm at the top of a power pole. Some residents in Lamont, a small town north of Rawlins, were without power Tuesday. Repair crews used snowcats to access the downed lines, Rocky Mountain Power Company spokesman Jeff Hymas said.
Cold temperatures that made it feel more like January or February engulfed the entire state with many areas expecting daytime temperatures in the teens and 20s. A record low temperature was set at Douglas in central Wyoming when the temperature dropped to 14 degrees early Tuesday. The previous record was 17 set in 2000.
The same storm system toppled trees in San Francisco, produced gusts over 80 mph in southern California and kicked up a dusty haze in Phoenix on Monday, closing a stretch of Interstate 40 in northern Arizona.
Associated Press writers Colleen Slevin and Alexandra Tilsley contributed to this report from Denver.


text:
New Car Review
|The Honda Story:
Honda Prelude Type SH
Acura NSX
SEE ALSO: Acura Buyer's Guide
by Nicholas Frankl
Speak softly - but carry a big stick. Now there is a quote for Honda Motor Co if I ever heard one. The company that brought us marvels like 4-wheel steering and a total domination of Formula One amongst other things seems to a have a serious personality disorder. On the one hand the Japanese giant is happy to play Mummy & Daddy - churning out respectable - but let's face it rather uninspirring grey cars, that loyal hat wearing (and we're not talking street rap side facing baseball caps here), customers buy year on year till death does them apart. Who can blame them as these gentle folk propelled the Accord to No1 best selling car in America.
BUT! on the other hand of this tortured sole is the fire breathing high revving technological wonder that drivers, not merely motorists, seek out and enjoy. If the letters VTEC and NSX make up part of your vocabulary then you might want to add some more abbreviations to your petrol-head dictionary - ATTS and Type SH. They belong to the new 220 Bhp, 150mph Prelude. That's the good news, in fact just the start of it. The bad news is that Honda UK have imported only two cars, and those aren't even for sale as the cars are not homologated for Europe or anywhere else outside Japan.
Enough, enough, ha! Actually it gets worse, because this little red rocket is actually a very good car indeed, the Automatic Torque Transfer System goes along way to helping the Bridgestone Expedia tyres to grip tirelessly into and through corners. Now, I am not one for all these hoe-cous poe-cous gadget thingymagigs but somewhere underneath, lurking in a black box microprocessor is a chip sending a diode all the right messages or something like that, but let's not get too technical.
The bottom line is that this yellow peril is just what the urban commuter needs, combining a great stereo, sorry that's a misprint, I meant to say unbelievably ridiculous hi-fi unit that packs a fifty - yes a five with a zero after it - CD player in the boot (they couldn't quite fit it into the glove box) with about 25 speakers, a mobile remote control and voice activation. Pioneer claim it's a must have- although I found it difficult enough to just turn on, eye catching looks, a good set of wheels matched with excellent Bridgestone rubber and a sexy third mid mounted brake light. These are the delays I love, of course it has enough space for four - although rear space is a cramp affair, a large boot with low, easy loading, sill and a rev counter that doesn't run out till somewhere around Pluto.
The beauty of this engine as with other lesser stimulated variants, is that below say 4500 revs the mother-in-law would never suspect that her daughter has run off with the local Andy Green impersonator (he who drove Thrust SSC to Mach 1 and above). However, one unrestrained gear change and whollop she's doing 70 mph in second and screaming for her daughters alimony. Basically this Type-R business is bloody quick, best of all, no-one - par aficionados - will ever know and that goes for smokey Bears too. Now Mr Kawamoto, oh Pleeeease can we have some?
Enough teasing of the delicacies we can't have how about the NSX you can buy?
1990 was the year Japan assaulted the sports car market. Toyota bombarded us with the Celica, Nissan marched in with the ZX300 and Honda (with the help of Ayrton Senna) serenaded the Tifosi with the ultra modern NSX. Seven years later and the shape has hardly changed a bit, still angular and low with the distinct long tail and fighter plane type glass cockpit.
Some of the original TACH readers might recall a fabulous journey I made last year ('96), down to the Monaco GP and back in convoy with my father in a 328, it's certainly a trip I won't forget, made all the more memorable by the gentle purring / screaming of the V6 motor ricocheting off the Southern Alps . At the time my complaints were few - the main one, that of a need for slightly more horses, I am pleased to say has been rectified.
The 1998 NSX comes with a modified version of the previous engine, this time we have 290bhp, not 270 and six gears rather than five. The real difference though is in the feel of the car. The gearbox is closer of ratio and shorter of throw, making two finger changes a joy, in fact my favourite was holding the handbrake with my left hand at the lights and gently sliding the thick black leather gear-nob into first with my thumb. Sounds silly but it felt so good. It's not the only thing. The engine is fantastic. It's appears to work in three stages, up to 3800 purring quietly, above, and until 5500 the note and the pull becomes stronger, but the real effort is reserved for the higher reaches - lift off, I'm talking cams not rockets, runs all the way to 8900. Into the red line the car feels it could reach into five digit territory - only the limiter spoiling the fun. I don't know how many times I went round my local "test" roundabout, most of the time it was sideways or drifting, the wet test being particularly memorable - and tricky! The TCS (traction control system) works well, but don't be fooled , it's not like the systems you find on Mercs and Beemers- the car can get sideways very easily and personally I find it crucial to be able to control the car with the throttle - something you can't do with TCS on. Although Honda claim that the system will actually open the throttle to prevent over correction or tank slapping. The steering is direct, but a little on the heavy side, masking slightly what's going on up front, the seats, electronically controlled, are simple and superb, although if you took away all the motors and gubbings it would cure the lack of headroom problem for 6 footers n' above.
Those inch's can be found by simply removing the targa top and slipping it into the specially designed engine cover - none of that ridiculous nonsense you get with the Diablo roadster, with half the roof slung out back like some half baked roof rack.
The problem for Honda is that in 1991, the NSX battled with the likes of the old Lotus Esprit, the Ferrari 348 (not a memorable car) and the 911 Carrera 2. Now, it's a different world out there. Hello 355, Esprit V8 and new 911, not to forget the young pretenders like Venturi, Spectre and TVR. The fact that this latest variant can still hack it with the best of them is a credit to it's makers engineering excellence and brute stubbornness For, truth be told, if any other manufacturer had spent the billions of Dollars Honda invested, only to sell so few in each market (less than 50 in '97 in the UK compared with 400 Ferrari's) and worst of all not have gained the publics acknowledgement of this great super car, it would surely have died long ago.
For this we must thank the Japanese spirit of commitment.


text:
Melanie spends her days listening to her best friend Daniel spin wild stories about Sola and Lune, a pair of heroic beings fighting a strange and worlds-spanning war. But as she spends more and more time with Daniel and learns more about his characters, she begins to wonder: Why did Daniel start visiting her just when she needed a friend most? Are Sola and Lune characters designed to give her strength, or are they something more?
Honoel A. Ibardolaza's By Moon Alone opens on Sola, the daughter of the Brotherhood of the Sun, and Lune, the son of the Sisterhood of the Moon, battling an enormous monstrous creature. Sola is invulnerable, with the powers to fight the spirits with whom the Brotherhood and Sisterhood are at war. Lune is bonded to Sola, but is physically weaker; many of the spirits call him an impostor, and Lune doesn't disagree. He's not entirely sure how he can best serve the cause and protect the people he's meant to protect.
But after their initial battle, we learn that Sola and Lune are characters in play being written by a young boy named Daniel. Daniel spends every afternoon after school with Melanie, hoping that she'll enjoy his story. Mel loves spending time with Daniel, but she's also temperamental, often insulting or even striking Daniel in her childish way. But Daniel is endlessly patient and forgiving, and still comes to see Mel, bringing her fresh pages.
For a while, it seems like By Moon Alone will follow this pattern, telling two alternating stories that aren't quite strong enough to stand on their own, but somewhat more than the sum of their parts. But around page 50, we start to get a clearer picture of what this story is about. The tales of Sola and Lune and Daniel and Mel are more closely linked than Ibardolaza lets on, and although he's dropped a rather large clue to his readers, we don't quote know what the larger picture will reveal. And as he's pulled back the curtain a bit on Mel's life and that of her twin brother Michael, who is also caught up in the adventures of Sola and Lune. We finally understand why Melanie is in such desperate need of a friend.
By Moon Alone may end up being a story about the power of fiction, about the way that heroic characters can inspire us. But it sounds like the magical and the mundane might blend in Melanie's life, and she might find that she's far stronger than she ever expected.


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text:
David Hirshey writes regularly for Deadspin about soccer.
What can I say? I drank the Haterade, going so far as to denounce a certain Israeli manager I call Average Grant as a disgrace to his religion for choosing Easter to rise from the dead. All I can say is: Would Sandy Koufax have played on such a holy day? Then I quaffed the bitter, screaming at a certain defender I call Cuntley Cole every time he touched the ball. "Even Eliot Spitzer didn't throw up on his whore, you whiny little bitch," I raged. I even made the ultimate sacrifice. I declined a free beer after Arsenal went up 1-0 so as not to jinx it.
But I am only one man— and a barely sober one, at that—-and nothing I did yesterday at Kinsale Tavern could alter the depressing reality: Arsenal are out of the title race. There, I said it. (Are you happy now, Unsilent? The case of He'Brew beer I owe you is on its way with nine other plagues to follow in a few weeks.)
I'm told by the Dalai Leitch that bitterness and regret are soul-destroying emotions, but how else am I supposed to feel after watching Arsenal's Bear Stearns-like collapse over the last three weeks? From five points clear at the top to six points behind United (engrave the fuckin trophy already, Fergie, but make sure there's room for Steve Bennett's name on it), and here's the truly painful part: Arsenal is now a point behind Chelsea, and I have to endure the endless taunts of the Gooner haters like Q calling me an "obscure jazz-loving, chef salad-eating, Montrachet-swilling metrosexual." This must be what's like to be a Duke fan.
Honestly, it was barely a few days ago when the British tabloids were calling for Uncle Avram to be re-circumsized after his lack of tactical acumen was cruelly exposed by Spurs in their 4-4 thriller. Hell, even as late as the second half of yesterday's game, Chelsea's classy fans were chanting "He doesn't have a clue" and serenading him with "Jose Mour—in—ho, Jose Mour-in-ho." It was precisely because of my abiding faith in Grant 's incompetence that I had wagered my Chelsea mates $100 that Arsenal would crucify the Blues on Sunday and stay within spitting distance of United.
So you can imagine my shock when Grant outcoached Arsene Wenger, of all people. There, I said it, even if Wenger wouldn't. "It was big setback for us," is as close to a mea culpa as we'll ever get from the imperious Frenchman. A big setback? How about the worst stretch in 10 years, Monsieur Merde-for-Brains? How about draw, draw, draw, draw, defeat? How about fielding a team that looked so spent and shorn of inspiration that it's a wonder we were ever in the game, let alone up 1-0 and on the brink of snapping Chelsea's 77-game, four-year undefeated streak at Stamford Bridge?
But then Didier Drogba, who had been missing almost as long as little Madeleine McCann, showed up on Easter Sunday with two pieces of wood and nailed us to the cross. Hammered us with two goals within nine minutes, and that was that. Of course, you could ask why Gallas and Toure gave Drogba so much room that he could take the ball down in the box, wave to his future Barcelona employers in the stands and lash the ball past Almunia.
I suppose you could forgive the Arsenal centerbacks for ignoring the Ivorian hit man, given that he hasn't been the ruthless scoring machine under Grant that he had been with Mourinho in charge. That is, until yesterday, when he went positively medieval on the Gunners.
Still, if I'm going to bow down before other teams' Gods, I must pay respect to the real Messiah. Christiano Ronaldo scored his 34th goal of the season with a thumping header to crush the life out of Liverpool, which had defended bravely with 10 men after Bennett had sent off Javier Mascherano in the 43rd minute for his Cuntley Cole impersonation. Hellbent on imposing his authority on what figured to be a fractious match between two teams that don't like each other, the whistle-happy ref had booked the Argentine hard man for a late tackle in the tenth minute that hardly looked deserving of a yellow card. When Bennett made yet another dubious call, booking Fernando Torres for dissent after the Spanish striker had been scythed down, Mascherano sprinted 20 yards to express his displeasure to Bennett.
A more forgiving man might have ignored the meltdown, but after Cole dissed a referee earlier in the week in Chelsea's game with Spurs, Bennett felt he had no choice but to send Mascherano off. He left the pitch about as gracefully as Bobby Knight would have.
This is not to say that the result would have been different had Mascherano stayed on the field for 90 minutes. The Reds were already down 1-0 on a gift-wrapped goal that saw their keeper Pepe Reina look even less sure of himself than Anderson Cooper did trying to stop a Beckham free kick on "60 Minutes." Sitting next to me at Kinsale, my friend Lingering Bursitis let out a mournful cry.
"I've had better Sundays," said the long-suffering Scouser. Then Dublin Dave, who led Kinsale's ManU contingent in bellowing "Champ-iones" throughout the game, came over to LB and offered his smug condolences. "It could be worse," he said, gleefully handing him his new I-phone which displayed a headline from the always reliable British tabloid News of the World.
"Prem manager caught in bondage porn video," it screamed. The Spitzeresque story turned out to be about Derby manager Paul Jewell and a woman who wasn't his wife. Based on the photos I saw, he was doing to her what Chelsea did to Arsenal.


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Restless wanderers
Polar bears, the largest Arctic mammals, are on the move all year round. To see them in the flesh and capture them on camera, fly to Churchill in Manitoba Province, Canada, and book a tour in Hudson Bay. Many bears start out from Churchill for their seal-hunting season.


text:
A Teaching with Technology grant from Western Michigan University
provided funding for release time for the author, assistance with
coding, and software. Joe Reish and Bettina Meyer lent the support
of the University Libraries, as did Maria Perez-Stable.
We would like to acknowledge our debit to Judith Arnold and Patricia
VanderMeer as pioneers, as well as to the outstanding example of
TILT, from which we drew inspiration. TILTs Open Publication
License opened up new possibilities for interactivity in Searchpath.
The librarians and students who are primarily responsible for Searchpath
Media Production
at WMU created the the Flash pieces for information literacy in
Module 1 and where to find indexes (Module 4), as well as the opening
page graphic. Special thanks to Sarah Welshman and Joe Hawver, students
extraordinaire, who patiently lent themselves to this endeavor.
We would also like to acknowledge Brandon Meissner, as well as Aedin
Clements, David Isaacson, Patricia VanderMeer, and Laurel Grotzinger
for their editing suggestions.
The "Call
Numbers" page, is reproduced with the permission of Seattle
Community College District Libraries at http://dept.sccd.ctc.edu/libraries.
Many of the graphics came from TILT, others were created by Elaine
Anderson Jayne, Judith Arnold, or come from free clip art collections
such as the Action-Links
Clip Art Archive and the Northern
Illinois University images. Permission was granted by the New
Yorker for the use of the "On the Internet, nobody knows you
are a dog" cartoon. The photo of Martin Luther King, Jr. in
Module 6 is courtesy of WMU Archives & Regional History Collections.
St. Louis Community
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adaptaton © 2003, St. Louis Community College. Original Searchpath
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developed by the Digital Information Literacy Office for the University
of Texas System Digital Library, © 1998-2002. This material may
be reproduced, distributed, or incorporated only subject to the
terms and conditions set forth in the Searchpath Open Publication


text:
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What's new in PowerMail 6.2.1 ?
• OS X 10.9 Mavericks support
Complete rewrite of the networking code following Apple's retirement of OpenTransport in Mac OS X 10.9
• Disk image now includes version 2.9.9 of the SpamSieve eval installer
This release is also compatible with Mac OS X 10.9 Mavericks
What was new in PowerMail 6.1.5 ?
• Stability improvements
Fixed a frequent crash when dragging an HTML message to a different folder (or to the trash).
• Bug fixes
When dragging an unread message to a different folder (or to the trash), it is no longer marked as read.
• Includes the latest optimizations of the FoxTrot search engine
What was new in PowerMail 6.1.4 ?
• Gatekeeper Compatibility (Mac OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion and 10.7 Lion):
Version 6.1.3 could fail to launch when Gatekeeper is enabled (i.e. allowing only applications from the Mac App Store or identified developers)
• Increased performance:
Includes the latest optimizations contained in the core FoxTrot search engine .
• Other:
Disk image now includes the latest SpamSieve published version at time of release
What was new in PowerMail 6.1.3 ?
• Keychain compatibility
Version 6.1.1 and 6.1.2 had an issue when storing passwords in the Keychain, on Mac OS 10.6 (version 6.1.1), or on Mac OS 10.7 and 10.8 (version 6.1.2).
What was new in PowerMail 6.1.1 ?
• OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion compatibility
PowerMail is now a signed application, so it can be installed on 10.8 with no Gatekeeper warning.
• Bug fixes
• Some received attachments were incorrectly named using the message's subject
• Zoom In and Zoom Out buttons had lost their icon on 10.7.3
• "Speak" filter action failed to speak accented text, when using non english voices.
What was new in PowerMail 6.1 ?
• Mac OS X 10.7 Lion:
Focused enhancements to ensure compatibility with Mac OS X 10.7 Lion
• Increased performance:
The search index now compacts itself automatically for much improved performance, especially on large indices.
• Kinder URL encoding:
Implemented a long-standing request from several users to no longer wrap outgoing plain-text messages at 78 characters. This will help recipients of PowerMail messages whose mail clients did not honor RFC 1738 for the formatting of URL's in between "<" and ">" marks.
• Improved export:
Messages are now systematically re-encoded, to make sure that body lines starting with "From " will be encoded as quote-printable, hence they will not be treated as a message separator.
• Bug fix:
Copying an email address from the simple header's contextual menu did not work
What was new in PowerMail 6.0.6 ?
Fixes the systematic bug when attempting a low-level rebuild in 6.0.5
Software updates can now optionally send anonymous system information to CTM Development
What was new in PowerMail 6.0.5 ?
• Multi-lingual spell checking:
On Mac OS X 10.6, PowerMail now supports the new multi-lingual spell checker ("automatic by language" option).
• Performance improvements reported by several testers
• PowerPC compatibility:
A compatibilty issue has been addressed for PowerPC machines under certain circumstances.
• Non-administrator account:
PowerMail now asks for the administrator password when needed, instead of complaining that the disk was not write-enabled, when ran from a standard Mac OS X user account.
• German localization:
Fixed a bug in the German localization.
• Updated SpamSieve:
Disk image now includes version 2.8.2 of SpamSieve
What was new in PowerMail 6.0.4 ?
• Search speed optimizations:
Includes update to the core FoxTrot search engine, which includes further performance optimizations
• Updated the build system to Apple's latest XCode - Performance gains observed as a result of the new compilers
• 64-bit Spotlight plugin: On Mac OS X 10.6, this enables faster indexing of PowerMail messages from within Spotlight, FoxTrot Professional Search and FoxTrot Personal Search which are now also 64-bit enabled.
• 64-bit QuickLook plugin: On Mac OS X 10.6, this enables optimized viewing using the Quick Look function.
• Fixed a possible corruption of the SpamSieve scripts
• Disk image updated to include SpamSieve 2.8.1
• Fixed a bug in the German localization
System requirements
Mac OS X 10.4, 10.5 or 10.6; PowerPC (G3, G4 or G5) or Intel processor.
Known issues
• Some rendering issues may remain in rich text or HTML messages due to limitations in Apple's Webkit support for Carbon apps, notably when clicking/double-clicking URL's and printing
• Certain ISPs now add so many headers to a message (such as anti-spam headers) that the sender name is sometimes not displayed in the summary IMAP fetch. Please remember that PowerMail has a lightweight IMAP implementation and that it was designed around the premise of having messages stored locally (i.e. POP3-fetched) and indexable. Hint if this condition occurs: copy the IMAP messages into a local folder (i.e. the local In Tray), as this will fetch them completely.
The consummate client for fetching, managing and searching e-mail, now offers many new features:
• Casual-use styled-text to create HTML-formatted messages
• Optional indexing of HTML-parts
• Modern Finder-like lists
• Ability to find and view message threads
• Quick Look display of text, graphic and multimedia attachments within the application
• Display of messages in Finder and FoxTrot Professional without PowerMail launched
• Address book synchronization with MobileMe and e-mail coexistence with iPhoneMail
• Batch import of mail databases and address book from Apple Mail and Thunderbird
• Match and merge imported folders into existing folders
• Two-click export of all mail folders and address book to Apple Mail and Thunderbird
• Mail archiving to circumvent the 2GB single-database limitation
• Service messages and notifications via Growl
• A filter debugger can log in clear text how a message is processed
• Made the application self-updating upon launch; download once and auto-update to revised builds.
• Automated purchasing/registration process using Kagi within the PowerMail for immediate satisfaction.
• Mountain Lion, Lion and Snow Leopard (Mac OS X 10.8, 10.7 and 10.6) compatible
PowerMail 6 new features
After over 4 years of offering free feature upgrades to PowerMail 5 users, including native Intel compatibility, CTM introduces PowerMail version 6, an evolutionary upgrade encompassing over 50 enhancements including long-awaited user requests.
Designed to fully embrace Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard and integrate well with iPhone, Time Machine, Spotlight, Apple Mail import/export and other modern technologies, PowerMail also delivers the latest in 3rd-party services integration, from Growl notification to Kagi instant purchasing, from Smart Reports to auto-updating application services. Click any topic here to start your navigation tour of PowerMail 6 enhancements large and small.
What people say about PowerMail
Beth Livingston, self-described "PowerMail fanatic since 1999", Durham, NC, USA
Here is how well PowerMail works, and how much I love it:
I just searched my old email files (I am a hopeless email packrat!) and in less than 2 seconds, PowerMail's search feature found the email I wrote on Jan. 8, 1999, thanking my friend who had recommen-ded PowerMail for my Mac at that time.
I recently re-indexed my entire PowerMail database and yes, I have over 60,000 emails. I would have never known it - it just cruises along effortlessly!
So I can tell you I've used it for over 10 years; it is a simple, elegant program that has made every necessary upgrade over the years in a nearly transparent, flawless form. It runs cleanly, never hogs resources, and does exactly what I tell it to. And when I recently had a question, I got nearly instant responses from the online help contact. A happy shock, in contrast to most other tech support out there (or lack thereof).
The only problem I have ever had with it is that when my ISP has a problem, they've never heard of PowerMail, so they like to try to blame it for THEIR problems. So could you folks PLEASE boost your profile and get the name recognition and respect you absolutely deserve? In fact, please could you just take over the world?
Walter Tsujiyama, San Francisco USA :
"PowerMail is noticeably better than Outlook Express 5; it's more Mac-like, faster, and has hundreds of elegant, near-invisible details that create a great user interface. Definitely worth many times the €49." - Walter Tsujiyama - SF
Versiontracker.com user comment [mfmm] :
|"Enormously superior to Spotlight; it allows you to search file content for phrases, to use and/or searching and to search by wildcard. You can change the search string in mid-search and it responds instantly, without Spotlight's long delays. Easily reveals any found result in its context. Much more efficient than Spotlight in narrowing down search results to highlight just the ones you want.
Where Spotlight has an advantage is in automatically indexing new files as you create them. With Foxtrot you either schedule the indexing to run at a set time or do it manually. Takes about 20 mins to run through 145,000 indexed files on my 933 iBook, which is not bad. Absolutely first class product."
Janie Angus, Nevada USA
|FABULOUS PRODUCT ! Wonderful ! A real Spotlight Killer ! I'm now able to locate content in documents that I KNEW was there but Spotlight couldn't find.
Until now using Unix product "Locate" to take up the slack, but FoxTrot Personal Search is far more efficient and displays a preview of the file when you hiighlight it."
|Janie Angus, Nevada USA
www.macgeneration.com :
"En débarquant sur mon disque dur, PowerMail a signé l'arrêt de mort d'Outlook."
- About PowerMail
- Registering PowerMail
- Registering SpamSieve
- First steps with PowerMail
- Using the PowerMail browser
- Send and Receive
- Indexing and searching
- Preferences
- Storing off-line archives
- Multiple users on one computer
- Using PowerMail with other languages than English
- Periodic backups
- Importing messages and addresses from other e-mail clients
- Built-in Address Book
- Exporting
- Fighting Spam
- Shortcuts
- FoxTrot Search Patterns
- Troubleshooting
- Technical support and feedback
- Advanced tips & tricks
PowerMail FAQ
Updating database from earlier version
Before moving to PowerMail 6, we recommend you make a backup of your existing PowerMail files folder, preferably on an off-line volume or in a compressed archive.
Upon first launch, PowerMail 6 will offer to create a new database or convert your existing data. The process will require enough disk space to contain another copy of your PowerMail files, and will compact your data before first usage.
If you ever wish to go back to PowerMail 5, simply restore the messages archived as above.
How can I import address book data from Claris Emailer version 2 into PowerMail
PowerMail can import address book files exported as text from within Emailer 2. You can even drag a selection of Emailer entries and drop them on the PowerMail address book window directly !
What is the "smart encoding" option for attachments
"Smart encoding" uses system settings (editable in the MisFox control panel supplied on the disk images advenced tab, or in Internet Explorer's "Receiving files/file helpers" preference pane) to determine if a file can be encoded using Base64 (if it does not contain essential information in the resource fork), or if it should be encoded using AppleDouble.
Note that a .jpg file containing an icon and a preview in the resource fork will be sent in Base64 (so it will loose it's icon and preview) when using "smart encoding", because it's resource fork is not considered as essential information for a jpeg file. If you want to send a .jpg file with it's icon and preview to mac users, but you want that windows users can also decode it, use AppleDouble (however, windows users will receive an additional unusable file that contain the resource fork).
I can't select and copy text from a message
You can't select text from an HTML message in PowerMail in the same way as a text-only message. To select text in an HTML message, double-click at the beginning of your selection, and shift-click at the end to create a hilighted selection.
Alternatively, you may can click on the globe button, which appears at the bottom of HTML messages, to display them in your web browser, where you will be able to select and copy text. You can also deactivate HTML display from the preference, to display the text only version of the message.
I get an indexing error when starting or quitting PowerMail
If you get a "can't open the index file" error when starting PowerMail, you need to rebuild the search index from the file / database menu. Note that if you try to quit PowerMail without rebuilding the index, and you have set PowerMail to empty the trash folder before quitting, this situation will prevent you from quitting PowerMail.
One of my folders is empty, or some messages are missing
Make sure the "view all" item, in the view menu, is checked. The status of the "view unread" menu is saved for each individual folder. In some very rare circumstances, however, some messages can disappear… in this case, launch PowerMail while pressing the command and option keys, and check the "rebuild the sort indices" checkbox.
Why does PowerMail refuse to send some attachments using Base64 encoding
If a file type is known to contain essential data in the resource fork, it will be corrupted if you send it using base64 or uuencode attachment encoding. You can edit which file types or extensions are considered as "macintosh files" using MisFox or Internet Explorer's file helper preference pane.
Where do I find additional spell checkers for use with PowerMail
PowerMail 2.4 used to ship with its own, licensed spell checker… users had then pressed us to implement an open mechanism for dealing with the approach that they select rather than the one we force unto them. As a result, there are now many spell checkers that PowerMail is compatible with.
Where can I find out more about attachment encoding formats ?
MacUser wrote about encoding attachments in their February 1997 issue.


text:
PIMNJ necesitaba un nuevo diseño de página web y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 33 diseños de 11 diseñadores freelance.
Bowden's Retractable Awnings
Bowden's Retractable Awnings is a subsidiary of Bowden's Fireside hearth and home http://www.bowdensfireside.com.
We have provided a sample site attachment. This is for product and call to action reference only. We do not like the attached design.
Home owners that are looking to add shade to their outdoor living space. Most buyers are in their 40s+. Appealing primarily to women.
Site Name: Bowden's Retractable Awnings
2 pages required: Home Page / Interior Page
Site will focus ONLY on Eclipse retractable awnings
Images from http://www.eclipseawnings.com can be used for this site.
Header: 840 x 147 pixels (height can be variable)
Header must include: Eclipse logo and "Skin Cancer Foundation" logo, but should not be the focus or strength of the header image. These logos are support/reinforcement of the brand and its accreditation
Do Not Use Bowden's Fireside Logo nor should this site look like http://www.bowdensfireside.com IN ANY WAY, but site will include all products located at: http://www.bowdensfireside.com/outd…le-shades/
Bowden's Retractable Awnings should be editable text and stylish, not flat. We will purchase a font (windows) if needed so that the name can be changed while retaining any style/design you create for the Bowden's Name. We require a "Call to Action" box in the upper right hand side of the design, just below the header. We will be offering coupons and capturing names and email addresses in this area.
The design should be contemporary and clean. All text should be standard HTML fonts within the body of the site and "call to action" box for SEO purposes.
Interior page:
should be for full product descriptions, large awning image, download brochure button and full product description.


text:
A acceptable characterization maker can be carriageable and hand-held, absorbed to your computer via USB, or about in between, but it needs to book acceptable labels that are bright and last, whether they're in a filing cabinet, your pantry, or your freezer. This anniversary we're attractive at bristles of the best, based on your recommendations.
Earlier in the anniversary we asked you for your admired characterization makers based on those criteria. You gave us a ton of abundant options that can book aggregate from simple labels for your artificial containers in the abdomen to abundant commitment labels, but we alone accept allowance for the top five. Actuality they are, in no accurate order.
If you charge an characterization maker that can pump out labels quickly, go with you aloof about anywhere, has a library of over 150 syms as able-bodied as all the accepted belletrist and numbers you need, and can do it all in a worksite-friendly amalgamation with an accessible to use QWERTY keyboard and LCD display, the DYMO Rhino 4200 is a acceptable bet. It'll set you aback about $52 at Amazon, and while it's a little on the beefy side, it's able of columnist wire or cable wraps, characterization flags, advanced and continued labels, fixed-length labels, and more, for whatever you ability charge to organize. The Rhino 4200 can additionally book on added than accepted black-on-white or black-on-clear labels: You can additionally book anon assimilate adjustable nylon, polyester and vinyl, or alike appropriate assimilate heat-shrink tubing. It's additionally ruggedized, with elastic bumpers on all four corners to assure it from drops, shocks, and falls. It additionally works with DYMO's ambit of automated labels, which gives you a bit added adaptability in the blazon of actual you use to characterization your stuff.
Those of you who nominated the Rhino 4200 accepted it for actuality able to calmly characterization calefaction compress tubing, cables, and added items about the abode (and about assignment sites) that crave a added abiding characterization and characterization maker than you ability charge in your home appointment or in the kitchen at home. That said, a few of you acclaimed that it performs aloof as able-bodied on ablaze assignment about the abode as it does aback you're base your abode for Ethernet or alive in the garage, and it's not awfully big-ticket for the appearance it offers. You can apprehend added in its choice cilia here, or addition cilia committed to the Rhino series.
Epson's LW-300 is a domiciliary characterization maker that's becoming top marks from The Sweethome (The Wirecutter's accessory committed to domiciliary items), is able of columnist bound in over 14 altered fonts, 10 altered argument styles, over 300 congenital syms, 75 altered characterization "frames," and more. The LW-300 has congenital anamnesis that supports 30 altered "files," or labels you can alarm up and book out bound after accepting to re-enter those labels' style, contents, and font. It's adequate to use two-handed, has a QWERTY keyboard, an LCD screen, and does aggregate absolutely chargeless of a computer, so you don't charge to bung it into your PC for anything. It's able of columnist two lined labels, supports specialty labels like cogitating tapes, adamant on labels, and adorning tapes, and it's baby abundant to go anywhere, whether you're appliance it in the kitchen to characterization containers or you're in the appointment labeling book folders. Best of all, it's affordable, and will alone set you aback about $26 at Amazon.
Those of you who nominated it acicular out that it has all of the appearance best bodies charge from a characterization maker if they're appliance it for authoritative purposes, and it's cheap. The array lasts a acceptable continued time, the low-margin labels cut bottomward on ashen cardboard (which costs money to replace, obviously), and The Sweethome addendum that it was the best adequate to use of the characterization makers they tested. They additionally accepted the LW-300 for accepting easy-to-press keys (as against to cool absorptive and difficult to use keys that are accepted on a lot of characterization makers), and for authoritative columnist complicated labels with lots of syms and punctuation absolutely easy. You can apprehend added in its choice cilia here.
The Brother PT-90 is a simple, accessible to use characterization maker that won't breach the coffer (it's alone $17 at Amazon but some of you appear lower prices in bounded appointment accumulation stores) and that gets the job done after a ton of added accretion and whistles. The simple awning is a one-line affectation and the labeler itself has a simple QWERTY keyboard that makes book and calculation your labels simple. It supports up eight altered kinds of custom labels, can book one or two curve of argument in nine blazon styles, and aing to 200 altered punctuation marks and syms. It's advised abundantly for home appointment application, although the labels can be acclimated for acclimation kitchen cabinets or the abdomen as well. It alike supports some laminated and non-laminated band types, so if you're attractive for a characterization that'll angle the analysis of time, you can accept it (as continued as you buy the appropriate tape.) If you're not in the bazaar for a added complicated archetypal with bags of syms or features, this ability be the one for you.
Those of you who accepted it acclaimed that while you get what you pay for in agreement of appearance and complexity, abounding of you aloof don't charge all of the added actuality in a simple characterization maker—you aloof appetite to blazon in what you appetite a characterization to say, and columnist print. For that, this is a absolute model. You can ability it on AAA batteries, it's accessible to use one handed or two handed, and it's cheap. You accepted the labels it printed for actuality apple-pie and bright after smudging, and it's baby abundant to fit in a board drawer after demography up a ton of space. You can apprehend added in its choice cilia here.
The DYMO LetraTag Plus LT-100H is a one-handed, "personal" characterization maker, advised to be acclimated bound and calmly with a distinct hand, an alphabetical keyboard, and is attenuated abundant to fit into a abridged or into a bag. Unlike wider, added able-bodied models, this one uses simple, top-loading dispensable band and bottom-loading dispensable batteries, and is advised durably for baby appointment or domiciliary use. The LetraTag's huge LCD affectation is a nice affection though, and it uses its phaser-like appearance to absolutely aggrandize that awning so you can see all of the curve you're printing, the options you accept available, and calmly let you about-face amid the bristles altered congenital chantry sizes, seven book styles, assorted box and anatomy styles, and entries in its 9-label centralized memory. It can alike book your characterization with a date stamp, or book in three altered languages. The LetraTag LT band comes in plastic, metallic, laminated, and alike alluring and iron-on characterization varieties, so you can accept a band and amount it bound depending on what you charge to do. It can alike book on thermal paper. Best of all, it's additionally affordable—only $25 at Amazon.
Those of you who nominated it accepted it for actuality accessible to use with one duke and for actuality portable—and while it can get a little catchy to use two-handed (since best of us are acclimated to QWERTY keyboards), you get acclimated to it quickly. It packs a lot of appearance into a bargain and carriageable label-maker, and while you apparently won't use it generally in appointment environments area acceleration affairs added than portability, or if you charge assorted characterization sizes as against to types, it's a abundant buy for the home appointment or aloof for acclimation about the house. You alike acclaimed that it comes with a bank arise for accessible storage. You can apprehend added in its choice cilia here.
If you charge a characterization maker that connects to your computer and can book from aloof about any application, or charge to book barcodes, the P-Touch PT-1230PC ability be a acceptable advantage for you. It's a small, simple USB characterization printer that's baby abundant to fit aloof about anywhere aing to your computer. It's powered by AAA batteries, so you don't charge to bung it in to a powered USB port, any hub will assignment with it, and you don't alike charge appropriate software to achieve use of it—just affix it to your computer, add it as a printer (if Windows doesn't auto-detect it, and apperception you, Brother says it's Windows only), and book from any argument editor. (Although if you want, you can download Brother's P-Touch Editor and use their software.) The printer itself prints 12mm, laminated labels, and prints them appealing quickly, so if you accept a big acclimation job you charge to accomplish, or you characterization folders, accumulator containers, or abstracts generally at work, you can do it after abrogation your computer with this model. It can alike book assorted lines, supports TrueType fonts, and can alike book graphics. In short, if your computer can book it, the characterization maker can accord it a try, too. It's $39 at Amazon.
Those of you who nominated the PT-1230PC accepted it for actuality accessible to use and carriageable like a hand-held characterization maker is, but additionally for giving you the advantage to affix it to a PC and achieve use of the fonts, languages, punctuation, and syms accessible in Windows after attached you to whatever the characterization maker already knows. You mentioned you acclimated it to characterization cables, PCs, accumulator bins, and more, and it sits appropriate aing to your computer's monitor, aloof aing to a USB port. You additionally acclaimed that you acclimated castigation frequently for columnist barcodes for asset tracking or organization, which is a benefaction that none of the others in our assembly support. You can apprehend added in its choice cilia here.
Now that you've apparent the top five, it's time to put them to an all out vote to actuate the Lifehacker association favorite:
This week's atonement acknowledgment goes out to the Graphic Products Duralabel Pro series, which a few of you alleged out accurately for actuality the accustomed footfall up if you charge a computer-connected characterization maker that's able of accomplishing it all and accomplishing aggregate quickly. Whether you're columnist commitment labels, appointment labels, abiding labels that can angle acclimate or alfresco exposure, simple accumulator alembic labels, or annihilation else, this is the aggregation that makes some of the best able characterization makers in the business, at amount credibility for the home appointment or the enterprise. Plus, they achieve printers and cardboard and band that can go aloof about anywhere, including adhering vinyl, calefaction compress tubing, alluring labels, laminated plastic, and more. You can apprehend its choice cilia here.
Have article to say about one of the contenders? Appetite to achieve the case for your claimed favorite, alike if it wasn't included in the list? Remember, the top bristles are based on your best accepted nominations from the alarm for contenders cilia from beforehand in the week. Don't aloof accuse about the top five, let us apperceive what your adopted another is—and achieve your case for it—in the discussions below.
The Hive Bristles is based on clairvoyant nominations. As with best Hive Bristles posts, if your admired was larboard out, it didn't get the nominations appropriate in the alarm for contenders column to achieve the top five. We accept it's a bit of a acceptance contest. Accept a advancement for the Hive Five? Send us an email at tips [email protected]!
Photo by Jamie.
The 11 Reasons Tourists Love Portable Label Maker | Portable Label Maker – portable label maker
| Encouraged for you to our weblog, with this period I will explain to you regarding portable label maker


text:
Google Maps for iPhone Had 10 Million Downloads in 48 Hours
The much-anticipated Google Maps for iPhone instantly topped the app download charts. Now we have some hard numbers: The app was downloaded more than 10 million times in less than 48 hours, according to Jeff Huber, Google's head of commerce and local. (And I will now deposit a buck in the jar for being a hypocrite.)


text:
Western blot analysis of extracts from various cell lines using α-Actinin (D6F6) XP® Rabbit mAb (HRP Conjugate).
|Product #
|100 µl
|H M R Mk
|MW (kDa)
|Rabbit IgG
Product Information
This Cell Signaling Technology antibody is conjugated to the carbohydrate groups of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) via its amine groups. The HRP conjugated antibody is expected to exhibit the same species cross-reactivity as the unconjugated α-Actinin (D6F6) XP® Rabbit mAb #6487.
|Western Blotting
Supplied in 136 mM NaCl, 2.6 mM KCI, 12 mM sodium phosphate (pH 7.4) dibasic, 2 mg/ml BSA, and 50% glycerol. Store at –20°C. Do not aliquot the antibodies.
For western blots, incubate membrane with diluted primary antibody in 5% w/v nonfat dry milk, 1X TBS, 0.1% Tween® 20 at 4°C with gentle shaking, overnight.
NOTE: Please refer to primary antibody datasheet or product webpage for recommended antibody dilution.
NOTE: Prepare solutions with reverse osmosis deionized (RODI) or equivalent grade water.
Load 20 µl onto SDS-PAGE gel (10 cm x 10 cm).
NOTE: Loading of prestained molecular weight markers (#13953, 10 µl/lane) to verify electrotransfer and biotinylated protein ladder (#7727, 10 µl/lane) to determine molecular weights are recommended.
NOTE: Volumes are for 10 cm x 10 cm (100 cm2) of membrane; for different sized membranes, adjust volumes accordingly.
* Avoid repeated exposure to skin.
posted June 2005
revised November 2013
Reprobing of an existing membrane is a convenient means to immunoblot for multiple proteins independently when only a limited amount of sample is available. It should be noted that for the best possible results a fresh blot is always recommended. Reprobing can be a valuable method but with each reprobing of a blot there is potential for increased background signal. Additionally, it is recommended that you verify the removal of the first antibody complex prior to reprobing so that signal attributed to binding of the new antibody is not leftover signal from the first immunoblotting experiment. This can be done by re-exposing the blot to ECL reagents and making sure there is no signal prior to adding the next primary antibody.
NOTE: Prepare solutions with reverse osmosis deionized (RODI) or equivalently purified water.
posted June 2005
revised June 2016
Protocol Id: 11
α-Actinin (D6F6) XP® Rabbit mAb (HRP Conjugate) recognizes endogenous levels of total α-actinin protein.Species Reactivity:
Human, Mouse, Rat, MonkeySpecies predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology:
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Phe316 of human α-actinin protein.
α-Actinin belongs to the spectrin family of cytoskeletal proteins. It was first recognized as an actin cross-linking protein, forming an antiparallel homodimer with an actin binding head at the amino terminus of each monomer. The α-actinin protein interacts with a large number of proteins involved in signaling to the cytoskeleton, including those involved in cellular adhesion, migration, and immune cell targeting (1). The interaction of α-actinin with intercellular adhesion molecule-5 (ICAM-5) helps to promote neurite outgrowth (2). In osteoblasts, interaction of α-actinin with integrins stabilizes focal adhesions and may protect cells from apoptosis (3). The cytoskeletal α-actinin isoforms 1 and 4 (ACTN1, ACTN4) are non-muscle proteins that are present in stress fibers, sites of adhesion and intercellular contacts, filopodia, and lamellipodia. The muscle isoforms 2 and 3 (ACTN2, ACTN3) localize to the Z-discs of striated muscle and to dense bodies and plaques in smooth muscle (1).
Explore pathways + proteins related to this product.
UniProt ID: P12814
Entrez-Gene Id: 87
Cell Signaling Technology is a trademark of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
XP is a registered trademark of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.


text:
Many people believe prayer is a
way to communicate directly with a spiritual energy or higher being. Prayer can
be silent, as in meditation, or spoken aloud in a group, as in a religious
setting. Prayer may help people find an inner sense of meaning, or it may
strengthen their belief in a higher being. Prayer may feel very supportive to
people faced with life-changing problems, such as cancer.
Many established
religions view prayer as a powerful tool in helping a wide range of physical or
mental problems.
Prayer can be an expression of gratitude or a
sincere request for help. You can use prayer for a positive outcome in a
situation or for inner strength during difficult times in life.
Health benefits, such as lower blood pressure, increased longevity, and
reduced risk for depression, may occur in people who regularly practice their
spiritual faith or who are part of a religious community.
Some people believe prayer has the
power to heal physical and mental illness. Some claims of medical "miracles"
have been attributed to the use of prayer. Some people, depending on their
belief in prayer, may experience a feeling of inner strength or power when they
engage in prayer.
Some studies that measured the effect of prayer
have shown positive health effects. Other studies are inconclusive.1
When combined with conventional medical
treatment, prayer is not thought to have any negative side effects or
complications. Prayer can be used alongside conventional treatment, but not in
place of it.
Always tell your doctor if you are using an
alternative therapy or if you are thinking about combining an alternative
therapy with your conventional medical treatment. It may not be safe to forgo
your conventional medical treatment and rely only on an alternative
CitationsRoberts L, et al. (2009). Intercessory prayer for the alleviation of ill health. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (3).Other Works Consulted Freeman L (2009). Spirituality and healing. In L Freeman, ed., Mosby's Complementary and Alternative Medicine: A Research-Based Approach, 3rd ed., pp. 485–518. St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier.Murray MT, Pizzorno JE (2006). Spirituality and
healing. In JE Pizzorno Jr, MT Murray, eds., Textbook of Natural Medicine, 3rd ed., vol. 1, pp. 519–531. St. Louis: Churchill
Livingstone Elsevier.
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Kris Dmytrenko, another of our bloggers over on our WYD blog, has his own WYD final reflections that you should read. (More final reflections on World Youth Day, if you've not seen them, are here, here and here.) Kris imagined that there had to be future saints camped out at the vigil Saturday night at Royal Randwick Racecourse:
Would not Blessed Pier Giorgio Frassati have brought a cadre of youth from his hometown? Couldn't you imagine a younger Blessed Mary McKillop among the joyful religious on the field?
Kris knows he can't name saints on his own, so he introduces us to "three remarkable individuals who made an impact on me" at World Youth Day.
And so, meet Craig Ashby, Francine Bell and Anton Antonov, each with a unique story of faith. Thanks, Kris!


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University of Illinois at Chicago, The University Library, Special Collections Department, Chicago Urban League Records [CUL neg. 53]
Railway lines often dictated who would migrate where. Chicago was a preferred destination for migrants from Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas because the railroads had direct lines to the Windy City. The Illinois Central Railroad was nicknamed the "Fried Chicken Special" because of the packed lunches the migrants brought along with them for the trip. Although some migrants were offered free transportation by their future employers, the majority paid their own fares. Railway companies offered special rates for groups of ten to fifty, thus reducing expenses and at the same time stimulating demand.


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Lorna Sherland necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 64 diseños de 15 diseñadores freelance.
Success Power Brokers is a real estate sales and consulting company newly formed. We provide our clients and customers with the maximum rate of return on their investments. Providing valuable service is key to our company. Our goal is to get only our ideal clients to contact use to do business. This way, we can taylor our services to each individual in order to get them to their goal in a shortest amount of time possible.
Typical consumer residential resales, new construction(builders and develpoers) and REO(real estate owned) asset managers. These markets all exist, however, I am breaking into the REO market and need to stand out from among the crowd. Same for residential resale. Need to stand out above the Remax and Keller Williams of the world, while again only attracting my ideal clients.
Please view my website at http://www.hvdreamhomes.com. That's the color scheme that I prefer. Logo should be created to be used as a branded piece on all aspects of marketing. Logo MUST be BOLD but not overpowering. Please keep in mind the tag line "success without limits" maybe a "sky is the limit look".
Please add "Real Estate Sales and Consulting Services" at the bottom in small italica.
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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Virtual Events
Keep your kids engaged and active while at home with these virtual events and activities
To help limit the impact of coronavirus (COVID-19), in-person events across NYC have been canceled through at least May 15, but you can still attend the virtual events below! Learn more about COVID-19 resources for families on our Coronavirus Updates page.
July 2019
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The Black Ruby Sparkle Eye Palette contains 4 sparkly, almost cream like eyeshadows in the following shades (left to right, top to bottom): Pink Rose, Crushed Silver, Black Ruby and Onyx. The eyeshadows, as the name suggests, are very sparkly, but it's not chunky glitter at all, just very very sparkly shimmer. They apply slightly sheer, but they're buildable and there isn't much fall-out from them despite all the shimmer. There's some during application, but I didn't experience any after that for a good 10-12 hours, but then that's usually the time when my make up starts to melt off my face anyway. There certainly wasn't any shimmer on my face, lips, etc. I used Urban Decay Primer Potion on my lids as a base and there was absolutely no creasing even after 10-12 hours of wear.
For £34 you get 8 g worth of eyeshadow which is reasonable I think, especially considering that Bobbi Brown single eyeshadows cost £15.50 each and they're only slightly bigger than the ones in the palette at 2.8 g. You also get a teeny tiny eyeshadow brush with the palette, but in all fairness, it's so tiny, I can't really be bothered to use it. There is also a mirror in the lid of the palette.
I will post the FOTD I did with this palette tomorrow, so be sure to check back. For now, I'll leave you with lots of pictures and swatches.
|Top row: Pink Rose, Crushed Silver
Bottom row: Black Ruby, Onyx
|Pink Rose, Crushed Silver, Black Ruby, Onyx (with flash)
|Pink Rose, Crushed Silver, Black Ruby, Onyx (without flash in direct sunlight)
One more picture for the shimmer! So pretty! ♥
|Pink Rose, Crushed Silver, Black Ruby, Onyx


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Thursday, April 30, 2009
If Only it Were That Simple
Consider for example a Turing machine. With an optimally simple set of symbols, i.e., only zeros and ones, it's effectively impossible to come up with a simpler computational model. So why don't we all flock to this simplicity? Because it's a mirage. The expression of our solution isn't helped by the simplicity of the Turing machine, rather it's hurt by the lack of expressiveness. It's for this very reason that I bristle when I hear people say that EMF is too complex. I'll argue that it's neither too simple nor too complex, it's a higher level abstraction and it's just right. If you can do better, make my day sunny.
So many people are so used to solving their problems with rocks and pointed sticks that the mere thought of more sophisticated technology scares them away. This situation is particularly ironic because these same people are typically working on foisting some synthesized technology of their own on their unsuspecting end users. Of course everything they produce is simple, right? It's always the other guy who produces complexity. After all, I understand my stuff, so therefore it's simple, right?
Here is what I consider to be the gist of rocks and pointy sticks argument. Why would I need to build a big fire with my pointy sticks, and smelt my rocks to render metal, just so I can make a better rock or pointy stick? It's such a complicated process and it's so much extra work given that I can just smack my problems with rocks and poke them with pointy sticks already. Well, guess what folks, some of us have seen a way to move beyond the stone age caves, but feel free to hang out in yours, if that's where you feel most comfortable.
I totally agree with Michael Scharf's blog about the problem of How to Explain EMF? How do you describe something that's both a floor wax and a dessert topping? It's just not that simple. The responses to his blog were very interesting too, and while there is underlying truth in them, they typically also miss the point a bit. Consider for example that given an XML Schema, or simply annotated Java interfaces, EMF will generate a fully functional Eclipse IDE or RCP application. You don't have to know much of anything about Eclipse, and poof, there you go, a running application. That's pretty simple. It takes about a minute. But then you start to dissect it and realize oh my goodness, there's a lot going on here and gosh but it all seems so complicated. That's right because it's a complicated problem, yet would it have been simpler to have spent the months it would have taken to learn how to get all that working from scratch? No it would not! But feel free to hang out in your cave chipping stones and sharpening sticks if that gives you a sense of purpose.
Even with modeling's layered architecture, people complain that all the layers are confusing. Granted very little of modeling is well documented, the marketing message is poor, and the web organization leaves much to be desired, but please people, is there an alternative to layered architecture? Don't forget too that EMF has a book. I think this really is Michael's fundamental point, i.e., poor marketing. Rather than polishing the technology, which as developers is what we (and most of all I) like best, we need to address this marketing problem with a higher level of priority.
There's even the premise that modeling is good but EMF, not so much. The argument is actually stronger than that: EMF stifles modeling and harms the ecosystem. I think the important point being missed here is the extreme value of "the one model to bind them all," i.e., Ecore/EMOF. The modeling ecosystem is rife with other meta models---gosh but I dislike using the word meta. For example, there's UML, BPMN, XML Schema, and so on. This reality is not the hallmark of a constrained ecosystem. In each case, the value of the model is enhanced by the fact that Ecore/EMOF is the underlying meta meta model---gosh, two metas in a row, I should be shot.
Here's a fundamental assertion I'm sure will never be proven wrong: if you tried to replace Ecore/EMOF and the rest of EMF's core with something better, you'd merely end up with another EMF; only if you're lucky (people care about what you've done) and highly skilled (you've learned from EMF's successes and mistakes) might it actually be relevant and a bit better. In any case, feel free to build another ecosystem if you're feeling lucky and skillful. Don't forget to take sociology into account; you're likely better off in an established ecosystem.
No doubt it's true that I'm way too steeped in this technology to understand the perspective of someone looking at it for the first time, but surely there have been plenty of people looking at it for the first time that just a few of them might have tried to help out the next guy with their fresh insights; kudos to Michael on that front! E.g., these are the five things that took me weeks to grasp and would have been nice to have realized up front. Ultimately, simplicity like beauty is in the eye of the beholder. May you always see simplicity where others see complexity so you can lead the way forward.
10 comments:
I absolutely agree with you. Many people tend to ignore the intrinsic complexity of problems. They ask for simple solutions instead of asking for a good management of complexity.
In a discussion about usability issues (regarding a very specialized RCP-based tool) someone pointed out that "simple interfaces" such as the typical search-engine UI would be a the path to follow. Just a textbox, a button and that's it. However, the "just-think-for-keywords"-paradigm was absolutely inapplicable for the tool we discussed.
This is somewhat like pointing out that a common keyboard is too complex and one should establish alternative devices with just 3 keys (sine this works so nice for game-devices...).
Of course one can introduce complexity "artificially". But that's a matter of misusing technologies and methodologys.
To make a long story short: EMF does an excellent job in managing complexity.
- April 30, 2009 at 3:22 PM
- Peter Severin said...
I'd like to offer the view of someone who uses EMF. Before EMF I've always thought that modeling is something reserved to men with "architect" in their title working for large corporations. Something that offers little practical value. This view was completely changed by EMF.
It's true that it took me some time to get to this point. But I saw what kind of hell can be an ad-hoc Java model maintained manually. The model is the heart of a project. If the model is ill, the project isn't well either.
In my head it was clear that the solution is a declarative approach with a generative component. I've almost started implementing a more simplistic version of EMF myself. When I found EMF I've had an instant aha moment. I look now in disbelief at all those years I've lived without it.
It's true that EMF is not simple. There are many different layers in there and one needs a good understanding to choose what he needs from them. But the practical value is real. It's not just a buzzword. And no, I don't think it could be simpler.
Ed, while I am at it I'd like to thank you for all your work. EMF is truly the light in the ocean that is modeling :)
All the best!
- April 30, 2009 at 3:34 PM
- David Carver said...
Simplicity does not necessarily mean that something can't evolve to the complex. The phrase tossed around in Agile circles is "design what you only need now, not what you might need in the future." This doesn't mean that the design can't evolve or be refactored to add further features when you need it. It means we design for what the requirements are today right this instance not the nice to haves or it would be cools. Too much up front design can be bad, too little can back you into corners as well.
Models like anything else need to evolve and grow. They change as new features are required. It doesn't mean you have to design everything into the model that you might ever need. Thus the KISS principle does apply. But it is KISS done incrementally. Each time only adding what is needed.
EMF has evolved from the simplistic to the complex I believe following this same approach. So designing simply doesn't mean that a framework over the years may not contain the complex. It will get there when the requirements ask for it and no sooner.
How much stuff is put into models that is never used because of the thought "we might need this, or that"?
- April 30, 2009 at 3:57 PM
- Ioan Salau said...
I also think that KISS is overrated, sometimes used by obscure vendors to sell their narrow solutions as a "good to everything" solutions. Sometimes you need to hit the wall in order to realize that the doors are the best way to get in. Not too far ago, I used a custom build modeling framework based on Java. The results were quite satisfactory but for a long term solution, I realized that soon enough I will have to spend more time on maintaining the modeling framework than focusing on my real business problems. Therefore, 8 months ago, I start doing some research to see what is available on the market and I found EMF. Even though I was working before with Eclipse and install/use plugins, I never designed/implement an Eclipse plugin, so it took me a while to understand the underlying mechanism required to build non-trivial solutions based on EMF projects. Is not easy and it takes some effort but in the end, I am quite happy with the EMF rich family of technologies. Even though many of these technologies are still in inception phase, I am pretty excited with the directions and capabilities of EMF projects, mainly because is a live and committed community to deliver innovative ways of designing and implementing software applications. Now the "not so good" things about EMF: marketing strategy and lack of consistent, non-trivial examples on how to use multiple EMF projects together. If the marketing strategy is really Eclipse's brilliant minds concern, what is really concerning me, is the second aspect regarding non-trivial examples. Although, " Eclipse Modeling Project as a DSL Toolkit" book recently published, does an excellent job trying to fix this problem, but you can also observe certain aspects that makes EMF usage harder than is suppose to be: EMF, GMF and TMF defines editors with minimal effort, but when you try to combine all this editors for a particular DSL, you realize that these editors are generated based on different principles and to make them work on synch you have to hack so much code. I am pretty sure that this aspect is going to be fixed in future releases, but as is right now, the synergy between projects is not quite there.
- April 30, 2009 at 4:27 PM
- Vincenzo Caselli said...
Hi Ed,
we bought the book when it came out some months ago with latest version, after having had a taste of EMF at the Eclipse Summit Europe 2008 in Ludwigsburg.
Well, generally I am quite slow to catch with advanced technologies: I prefer iBATIS to Hibernate, tend to avoid EJB stuff and often I wonder if GWT on a simple servlet container like Tomcat or Jetty is all what I need. Very occasionally I even think I was more productive when I was a Delphi developer twelve years ago.
But with EMF things are entirely different!
EMF is not about complexity, but quite the opposite, it's all about simplifying complexity.
Designing the (ecore) Model visually (my preferred way to start) is fast, easy and intuitive. For the first time ever, every domain expert without a development know-how can design the model, isn't it just fantastic?
And what about model maintainability? Changing or even refactoring the model is not the often frustrating experience of the past, it's even funny.
Further, using EMF with Teneo persistence when developing a RCP application makes the building of a desktop application a straightforward and rapid process. After years of waiting we've got RAD again (we need just the Visual Editor on the road again, but we know it is almost fixed, thanks to Nick Bolt and Yves Yang).
Sure, a true client/server, scalable, development deserves a more complex architecture, but we got it: it's Eike Stepper's CDO.
In the end EMF is a revolutionary way to manage the model and upon EMF many other great frameworks can grow very well.
Thank you Ed for your work!
Vincenzo Caselli
Francesco Guidieri
- May 1, 2009 at 12:07 AM
- Thomas Fletcher said...
I'll comment as someone who really appreciates the claimed virtues of modelling, but has yet to apply them to a project.
I recently (< 5 months ago) started work on a new project that is very much driven by a well defined model and has a graphical editor component. I thought it would be a great place to finally get going with EMF.
I spent two weeks trying to mesh my mental model of the product and EMF together and found that it was very slow going. I have no doubt that something would have come together for me, but the market pressure of delivering milestone drops that provide functionality resulted in having to drop EMF in favour of a hand developed solution.
I haven't given up on EMF or modelling, but at this point, the learning curve was simply too steep (and I even have the EMF book!)
- May 1, 2009 at 2:24 PM
- Alex Ivanov said...
Yep, I think it could be simpler. I should be shot. :)
The magic word is "virtual machine". It seems the only tool can significantly simlify (or hide) complexity & rise level of abstraction is VM. Especially for newbies.
Other (frameworks, libs) tend to be more complex.
What do you think about Java Virtual Machine with built-in EMF support?
- May 2, 2009 at 1:10 AM
- Alex Ivanov said...
More precisely, Java Virtual Machine, Java tools and Java Language with built-in EMF stuff and EMF support.
- May 2, 2009 at 1:19 AM
- Ed Merks said...
A modeling virtual machine would be very cool indeed! In the meantime, EMF will make do with generated Java.
- May 2, 2009 at 1:28 AM
- Stephan Zehrer said...
I think we don't need a new Java VM a new language with a compiler which build java byte code would be sufficient ... we see it with Scala you can build a complete new language on the top of Java VM.
But nevertheless I am learning at the moment EMF and I can say, reading the book is helping much, all the other documentation (I found yet) was not so helpful as the book.
It is hard to learn something new without the knowledge of the domain, I think everybody who designs models knows this. The same thing here, without the basics all seems complex but once you understand some basic principles the story is quite simple ...
So from my side a cool framework and it is closing the gap between Java language and the Unified Modeling Language (UML).
Thanks for you work!
- June 5, 2009 at 9:01 PM


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Adult Group Tours
The World between the Tides
Explore the Mysteries and Marvels of the Intertidal Zone
The greatest salt marsh tidal ranges (distance between high and low tide lines) from southern Maine to the Florida Keys occur in South Carolinas' Port Royal Sound Estuary. The salt marsh intertidal zone is a world unto itself at low tide and to explore it with Lowcountry Estuarium staff is an eye-opening, if somewhat muddy, adventure of discovery.
Learn how the intertwined life cycles of oysters and marsh grass are central to the health and vitality of the estuary and all that inhabit it. Observe how an oyster rake is a living metropolis supporting billions of inhabitants and visitors alike.
As an added treat you'll be able to search a dredge spoil beach for 50m year old shark teeth and fossils.
Program length: 1hr. Fee $10.00 per person, driver and 2 group leaders comp.
Note: The two programs are offered as a combo package for $15 per person.
Note: Bookings are time of tide dependent.
Live Caught Wild American Shrimp
The Fascinating Route from Ocean to Tidal Creek to Plate
Introduction to the fascinating life cycles of white and brown shrimp harvested locally both commercially and recreationally. You will visit a local dock to observe shrimp boats and their rigging and learn how they operate.
Learn the health issues concerning foreign farm raised shrimp and what environmental issues threaten local wild shrimp habitat. The program will conclude with instruction on when, where and how to throw a cast net.
Program length: 1hr. Fee $10.00 per person, driver and 2 group leaders comp.
Note: The two programs are offered as a combo package for $15 per person.
What's an Estuary?
Learn what Estuaries are, How they Function, Why PRSES is Unique
PowerPoint presentation gives a basic understanding of estuaries in general before focusing on the unique nature of the Port Royal Sound Estuarine System. Included are videos guaranteed to entertain as they inform.
After a Q & A period there will be access to a touch table of dry specimens along with a traveling Estuarium table of live critters for viewing up close and personal.
Designed as an evening activity the presentation will take place in space provided by the overnight accommodations provider. May also be scheduled on relatively short notice should weather forecasts jeopardize planned outdoor activities.
Program length: 1hr. 30min. Fee $150


text:
In males, circumcision is the surgical removal of the foreskin which covers the head of the penis. This operation is usually performed early in a child's life. Circumcision is a common practice not only in the United States and the Middle East, but throughout the world and history. It is generally not practiced in most of Europe and largely unheard of in Eastern Asian countries. Ritual circumcision is common in the Jewish and Islamic faiths, but uncommon altogether in Asia, South and Central America, and most of Europe.[1] Circumcision was an outward sign of the covenent between God and the Jewish people as told in the Bible in the book of Genesis.
Circumcision rates in the US have been declining since 1965, due in part to statements from the American Academy of Pediatrics[2][3][4] and the American Medical Association [5] discouraging the practice. While it varies regionally, in 2004 about 57% of newborn boys in the US were circumcised.[6]
The procedure lasts only ten minutes and is often performed in a hospital before the baby is taken home. Local anesthesia and antibacterial ointment are used to prevent pain and infection. Some boys may experience a small amount of bleeding or redness, and this is a normal part of the procedure.
Medical Benefits
The medical benefits suggested to accrue from circumcision are:
- Reduced incidence of urinary tract infection in infant males
- Reduced incidences of infection in prolonged exposure to non-hygenic conditions as might take place during war
- Decreased incidence of penile cancer in adult males
- Decreased susceptibility to certain sexually transmissible diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Studies taken in the African nations of Kenya and Uganda found that circumcised males were less than half as likely to acquire HIV when involved in intercourse with an infected partner than those who were never circumcised.[7]
AMA Response
Despite these benefits, the AMA does not recommend routine infant circumcision. They state that because the incidence of urinary tract infection in infant males is low to begin with, circumcision is not justified as a preventive measure against this condition; because penile cancer is rare and occurs later in life, the use of circumcision as a preventive practice is not justified; and because behavioral factors are far more important risk factors for acquisition of HIV and other sexually transmissible diseases than circumcision status, circumcision cannot be responsibly viewed as "protecting" against such infections. The AMA concludes that "Existing scientific evidence demonstrates potential medical benefits of newborn male circumcision; however, these data are not sufficient to recommend routine neonatal circumcision."[8]
Female Circumcision (FGM)
Female circumcision, practiced in parts of Africa, is a much different procedure that can have lasting effects on a girl's health.[9] The procedure may range from a simple cut in the pubic region to the complete removal of parts of the female reproductive organs. While the procedure is an important part of some African cultures, there is increased pressure by women's groups worldwide to ban it. Female circumcision is often referred to in the medical community as Female Genital Mutilation, or FGM.[10]
- ↑ AMA report on Neonatal Circumcision
- ↑ AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS - Task Force on Circumcision - Circumcision Policy Statement [1]
- ↑ AAP Press Release - NEW AAP CIRCUMCISION POLICY RELEASED
- ↑ PEDIATRICS Vol. 103 No. 3 March 1999, pp. 686-693 - AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS: Circumcision Policy Statement [2]"A statement of reaffirmation for this policy was published on September 1, 2005."
- ↑ AMA report on Neonatal Circumcision
- ↑ United States Circumcision Incidence
- ↑ Time Magazine, December 27th, 2007, Pg. 84
- ↑ AMA report on Neonatal Circumcision
- ↑ JAMA Vol. 274 No. 21, December 6, 1995 - Female genital mutilation. Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association [3]
- ↑ JAMA Vol. 274 No. 21, December 6, 1995 - Female genital mutilation. Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association [4]