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BreederCelect cat litter
- Kick the clay habit
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Click here to "Consider your carbon pawprint" and for detailed information on our environmental credentials.


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In Vermont, a person is guilty of DUI if he or she operates any vehicle on a highway when the person is under the influence of any drug or under the combined influence of alcohol and any drug to a degree which renders the person incapable of driving safely. Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 23, § 1201(a)(3)(a) (West 2010).
The fact that a person charged with a violation of this section is or has been entitled to use a drug under the laws of this state shall not constitute a defense against any charge of violating this section. Id. § 1201(d).
Vermont allows law enforcement officials to conduct sobriety checkpoints under both the state and federal constitutions.
State v. Rifkin, 438 A.2d 1122 (1981) -- Evidence was insufficient to support conviction for operating a motor vehicle while under the influence of drug since there was no expert testimony offered to prove that quantity allegedly consumed cannabis would have rendered defendant incapable of driving safely.

subset: commoncrawl


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High atop a hill in Birmingham, Ala., stands a statue of Vulcan. With a spear raised in his right hand, the Roman god of fire and the forge makes an imposing figure — one that remains the tallest cast iron statue in the world. In 2001, however, he was less a symbol of the Alabama steel industry than of questionable government spending. Over a two-year period, $3.5 million in federal funds were spent overhauling the titan — to the point that fiscal hawk John McCain issued a tongue-in-cheek demand: "Not one more federal dollar to promote tributes to pagans!"
Unfortunately, the proper lesson has not been learned. For the people of Alabama the level of largesse has only grown. Last week, The Wall Street Journal reported that ThyssenKrupp, a German manufacturer, decided to sell the largest, and newest, steel plant in America. It cost $5 billion to build and has been open for less than two years. The state of Alabama gave the company $1 billion in subsidies — most of which is now gone for good. That's a lot of money. That's crazy money. Which raises the question: How much crazy will it take for this kind of silliness to stop?
It didn't seem silly to Alabama's politicians when they started throwing money around five years ago. They were "competing" with Louisiana and Arkansas to "win" the plant. That language itself is part of the problem. When politicians view every plant to be their responsibility to "win," they engage in economic micromanagement under the banner of job creation. They use their power to entice particular companies to behave in particular ways. And they lose sight of their real duty — to create an environment where economic growth can occur.
The massive incentive package granted by Alabama's state and local authorities included tax benefits, training subsidies, site preparation, and expedited permitting. The state was awash in press releases and handshakes. Left out of the smiling photo-ops, however, were executives from competitors like Nucor, America's second-largest steel producer. They got to stand by and watch as politicians handed ThyssenKrupp a competitive advantage to beat them over the head with.
Of course, it didn't work out that way. Hindsight lays bare just how badly ThyssenKrupp had miscalculated. The German firm started construction in 2007, at the peak of a global economic growth cycle; its managers planned on importing inexpensive raw material from a sister plant in Brazil; and they assumed that world steel prices would remain high. Instead, the economy blew apart in 2008; high inflation and a strong currency have turned Brazil into a high-cost producer; and steel prices have fallen by 30 percent in the past two years. Who's the Roman god of irony?
When Dan DiMarco, Nucor's CEO, tells the Journal that "this thing never should have been built," he's right. But every day, some business somewhere makes bad investment choices. All the more reason the Alabama plant never should have been subsidized. Today, the responsible parties would argue that they were just trying to "create jobs" and "leverage the public sector." Dividing the total subsidies across the 1,500 plant workers, the bill comes to over $650,000 spent per job. That's a whole lot of leverage.
On a level playing field, good managers and smart companies win; better investments and higher efficiency drive economic growth. When politicians use the public trough to finance bad corporate decisions, everyone loses. Diverting taxpayer resources to shaky operations is costly enough. But by sustaining weak players, subsidies also undermine the strong, which hurts the economy across the board.
Crony capitalism has been around forever, but it does seem that the behavior has spread like a bad rash through America's capital cities in recent years. Massachusetts lost $10 million backing Evergreen Solar; Rhode Island's bet on video games will cost it $100 million; and the disastrous loan guarantees to Solyndra and others have now cost federal taxpayers over $1 billion.
Politicians should view requests for special treatment not as an opportunity, but as a warning. If you need to offer tax breaks, your taxes are probably too high. If you need to short-circuit the permitting process, your regulations are too onerous; and if you need to subsidize training, your public education system isn't getting the job done. As Alabama learned, it was folly to think bureaucrats could simply conjure up a competitive steel plant. That's the kind of hubris frowned upon by the gods.
John E. Sununu, a former Republican senator from New Hampshire, writes regularly for the Globe. His father, former Governor John H. Sununu, is a frequent surrogate for the Mitt Romney campaign.


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I have said this for a very long time just to many stations period across America that compete for listener ears. and hdradio stations compound the issue.
Mel's going to try and ride this current broadly based industry shake-out Thru to the end. the good news is he only needs enough cash to get thru another three years of rough sailing I don't think it will take three years I suspect once the process starts it will spread like a California wild-fire through the old broadcasting industry.
after the shake-out is under way maybe the wallstreet suits will honestly speak about the sdars system real advantage of reaching well into all markets across america.
but do keep your eye on clear channel they may be working on a national programing package of around twelve formats for delivery using the hdradio system.
the bad in all of this is, wall street also looks at sat-rad as part of the same broader radio industry.
I found this bit interesting via radio and records and it rings true imho
'Half Radio Companies Will Be Gone In 36 Months' Forecasts Dickey
Cumulus Media CEO Lew Dickey is calling for some pretty rough weather in Radioland. "I think there's going to be a pretty big shakeout and I think that half the companies in business today will be gone within 36 months," Dickey told the Atlanta Business Chronicle.


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Create a Location Bar
I decided that above my Date Bar, I'd make a simple Location Bar to show which County/State my ancestor was living in through the years.
- Select a row for your Location Bar. (Row 4) It should be a row that is high enough to enter the information you'd like. I wanted to enter a date range and a location.
- Using the Date Bar as a guide, follow the same steps as for the Date Bar to create the Location Bar. I merged cells that would have been the date range for a specific location. For example, I have information that says my ancestor was born around 1813 in North Carolina. The next location record I have for him is an 1840 census in Mississippi. So I merged cells to cover 1813 – 1840. Because I don't know if he moved during that time, I put 1813 – ? and North Carolina.
- Merge appropriate cells across the time range until all locations are entered.
- Again, you can border each cell. I chose to put a border on the top and bottom and then I used color to indicate if there was a question as to how long he lived in a certain location. As a minimum, I suggest doing each location in a different color so it is easy to see when your ancestor moved. To fill in color:
- Highlight the cell(s) and click the icon for fill color.
- You can choose one of the theme colors or you can click on "more colors" to choose from a color wheel of sorts.
- You can also choose to add a texture or effect to convey information. Because I don't know exactly when my ancestor moved from North Carolina to Mississippi, I chose to add a gradient effect to make the color gradually fade out. This reminds me to keep my timeframe for research flexible.
- To make a special effect with your coloring: Right-click in the cell you will be formating and choose "Format Cell".
- Under the "Fill" tab, click on "Fill Effects"
- There are various choices here. You can select your color or colors at the top and you can choose different shading styles at the bottom. Look at the different options and then click on the box with the desired design. Because I knew a specific date that my ancestors WAS in a location but didn't know when he moved from that location, I chose to start my box with solid coloring that gradually fades out.
- To make a special effect with your coloring: Right-click in the cell you will be formating and choose "Format Cell".
- I used the same steps to also add a Location Bar for my ancestor's father directly above his Location Bar.
That can show me areas that I may not have considered searching before because all I had in my group sheet was a date and location. For example, census records say that William Stephens was born around 1813 in North Carolina. But William's father, Welcome's timeline shows that he is listed in the tax records of Adair Co, Kentucky in 1812. So either William was born in Kentucky, or he was born before 1812. If he was born before 1812, then I might search in Buncombe Co, NC, where Welcome was located in the 1810 census. A good researcher already is looking at this, but seeing it in a visual format keeps it in the front of my mind – not jumbled in with all of the dates and locations in my mind as I'm looking at group sheets.
Coming next time – adding Call Outs to show additional information.


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To A Healthy New Year!
This is the year to eat healthy and watch your portion sizes. Try our Savory Cupcakes. They are great for
portion control and come in many varieties, such as lasagna, meatloaf and mash potatoes, mac & cheese.... to name a few. Add turkey burgers to your menu instead of hamburgers. Turkey burgers are really quite good. Try our new Get Fit Sandwich developed to keep added sugar out of the diet. We use Dave's Killer Bread, Columbus chicken breast, avocado and mustard.
We also carry many garden salad to satisfy your hunger. Wraps are another way to get around eating bread when you really want a sandwich. Our popular San Francisco Sandwich is great made into a wrap.
In our meat department, we have many cuts of Grass Fed Beef.


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Microsoft to Develop own Open Source Platform
Yes, you read that headline right
Open source developer at Microsoft, Garrett Serack announced today plans to bring a native running open source platform to Windows.
In a blog posted today, Serack announced the Common Opensource Application Publishing Platform (CoApp). The post outlines the challenges of developing open source applications in a Windows environment and the differences between developing on UNIX and Linux and Windows.
From the site:
CoApp will:
• Provide a distributed, community driven package management system for open source applications on the Windows Platform
• Handle multiple versions of binaries using WinSxS (I know, even the mention of side-by-side components evokes fear, anger and the desire to go off-diet, but bear with me, I think we've got a solution), including multiple copies of the same version of the same library, compiled with different compilers.
• Support 64 bit and 32 bit systems, without hassle or collisions.
• Place binaries, libraries and header files in a logical and consistent location.
• Have tools and methods for handling dependencies.
• Create reliable installer packages (MSIs) for installing open source software.
• Facilitate sharing of components and allow multiple projects to easily both participate and consume them.
• Allow for upgrades and patching of both libraries and applications.
• Be Windows developer friendly. No forcing of building using 'make', but rather taking advantage of the nifty IDEs we already have.
• Also be Windows admin friendly. Even if it's open source, you shouldn't have to be a developer to put Open Source applications on Windows.
• Use advanced optimization techniques like Profile Guided Optimization to produce optimized binaries.
• Support future technologies as they come along.
• Aid in the adoption of Windows Error Reporting (WinQual) to assist in making software run better on Windows.
• End the eternal struggle between Green and Purple. Unless of course you're a Drazi and are conducting elections.
This announcement is one of the most notable steps toward open source development Microsoft has made. During an interview with The Chicago Sun-Times in 2001 Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer likened Linux to a cancer saying that it, "attaches itself in an intellectual property sense to everything it touches."
The one thing Serack's exceptionally detailed post does leave out? A timetable. Though he does softly hint at a target in comment response. "I hope that you'll be pleasantly surprised a year from now."
Additional details can be found on Launchpad with a wiki at CoApp.org.
I don't want anything to do with MicrosoftWhatever open source software MS is cooking up... I do not want any of it. Microsoft has failed to beat the general open source, Linux, and *BSD communities. Thus, MS is now trying to infiltrate via trojan horse with deceit in order to destroy and subvert open source from within. Beware of Mono infection (Beagle, TomBoy, MonoDevelop, Muine, Banshee, Keypass 2, Diva, Galaxium, etc). MS is on the assault while sending the proverbial "Dove of Peace."
Community run patchingIt's seems that M$ has seen the light, and will allow developers to patch software by fixing security holes and software upgrades alike. While this may seem like a great idea, because it's open source, it's a good change that these developers won't get paid for their hard work, while M$ receives all the credit, and money..
I realize the open-source (Linux) communities don't pay their developers very well either, mostly in trade, branding and products.. I for one would still stay true open-source, versus a " Wolf in sheep's clothing "
Microsoft to offer "Windows 10" for free to everyone and but it's not really Windows, its really just linux with a Windows logo ... And guess what grand-ma NO Virus'
Microsoft Open SourceWe will soon learn that nobody at Microsoft has a clue what the term 'open source' means (or that they think the term means the exact opposite of what everyone that doesn't work for Microsoft thinks it means).
I'll bet it won't include terms that allow freely redistributing it, or freely distributing your work (you'll need to submit everything you do to Microsoft - for 'approval,' where they'll steal any ideas of yours they approve of).
There are two groups of people that do business with M$ - those that have been royally screwed, and those that soon will be.
Microsoft "open source"People who gush with statements like, "This announcement is one of the most notable steps toward open source development Microsoft has made", are seriously not paying attention. Here's a hint for you:
"I would love to see all open source innovation happen on top of Windows" - Steve Ballmer
MS BulldustI think if you were to lookup the definition of "DoubleTalk" it would probably pretty well equate to just this
Microsoft opensource for foolsI also heard that Microsoft will be giving away diapers with the shit already in them.
Translation:"Here, use our new framework to make your open source apps Windows-friendly... and completely non-portable."
Open-source developers targeting Windows have always had the ability to just use existing Windows tools like Visual Studio. Open source developers who use the maligned "make" for their projects are porting them to Windows from something Unix-like (in other words, pretty much any operating system other than Windows).
So I don't see who the target audience is here, except for perhaps tricking novice open-source developers into targeting Windows and nothing else. Maybe he should make an autoconf or cmake helper script that generates a Visual Studio project which in turn will generate .msi packages, rather than just saying "Here's a framework for developing open source applications on Windows just as you would develop any other Windows-only application."
As for the non-build-related stuff, the package management and DLL-hell-resolution stuff, why is that being developed only under the purview of an "open-source publishing platform" and not for Windows in general? DLL hell is by no means something that only open source developers complain about.
MSOSoximoron - Microsoft Opensource
Issue 236/2020
Buy this issue as a PDF
LPI Launches FOSSlife Website
Linux Professional Institute launches FOSSlife, a website for the FOSS community.
Tuxedo Computers Joins the Ryzen Bandwagon
Tuxedo Computers has released the Tuxedo Boot BA15 with an AMD Ryzen 3500 CPU.
Linux Apps on Windows Is Coming
Linux GUI apps will be coming to Windows Subsystem for Linux.
Linux Usage Is on the Rise
According to NetMarketShare, Linux saw a significant bump in usage during April.
Lenovo is Jumping on the Linux Laptop Bandwagon
PC and laptop maker Lenovo is set to release ThinkPad laptops pre-installed with Fedora Linux.
A New Linux Laptop Is in the Making
Manjaro Linux and TUXEDO computers have joined forces to develop the InfinityBook Manjaro.
Ubuntu 20.04 Has Been Released
The latest iteration of the user-friendly Linux distribution is now available.
Nextcloud Partners with IONOS
Nextcloud has partnered with Germany's largest cloud provider, IONOS, to provide a safe haven for your data within the cloud.
Linux to Get High Resolution Wheel Scrolling
Work on high resolution wheel scrolling for the Linux desktop is being completed.
KDE Developers Are Working on a TV Interface
The developers of the KDE desktop are hard at work to create a TV interface.


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Traveling Through Time to the Land of Michigan
Let's take a trip, back through time, to before any of us were born, before World War I and II, before the American Civil War and before Michigan even was called Michigan. What is the story of Michigan's birth as a land and a people? Most of Michigan's story is unwritten. It is almost entirely an American Indian story. Almost everything we know about the thousands of years before English-speaking settlers we have learned through Native American tradition and clues discovered by archaeologists. Thousands of years ago, the land we know as Michigan was shaped by glaciers. Long before there were people living in Michigan, ice more than a mile thick moved slowly back and forth across the state. The ice acted like a huge bulldozer, scraping and gouging the land surface. As the ice melted, the water formed lakes and rivers. The largest of these lakes are the Great Lakes, which surround most of Michigan.
Paleo-Indian peoples probably came into North America from Asia by crossing the Bering Straits from Asia to Alaska. Although few in number, Paleo-Indians traveled widely. They followed the herd animals that they depended upon for food and for skins and hides to make clothing.
They first arrived in Michigan about 12,000 years ago. Archaeologists call these people "Paleo-Indians," which means "ancient Indians." Paleo-Indians in Michigan hunted big game animals like caribou. They may have hunted mammoths and mastodons, too. They were able to kill these large animals using spears. They made distinctive, beautifully-shaped stone points from stone to tip their spears.
They were skilled at making stone tools. They made stone knives for butchering, scrapers for preparing hides and wedges for splitting bone and wood. A certain type of stone called chert, used in making tools, was obtained from outcrops throughout the Great Lakes region, either by trading or by visiting the quarries. They made bone and antler tools, such as needles and awls. They used these to make clothing from the skins of the animals.They also gathered many different kinds of plants they found growing wild. They ate blueberries, cranberries, cattails and the inner bark of certain trees. They brewed vitamin-rich teas from leaves of junipers, hemlock trees and other plants. They used their skills at hunting animals and gathering food to feed and clothe their families.
The Early Archaic period in Michigan dates to between 8,000 and 6,000 B.C. During this period, water levels of the Great Lakes were much lower then than they are today. Many of the sites where Early Archaic peoples lived are now under water. This has made it more difficult for archaeologists to study the Early Archaic period. We do know, however, that the climate was changing. It was probably warmer during the Early Archaic than it is today. As the climate warmed, some kinds of plants and animals disappeared, and new kinds took their place. In some areas, pine and spruce trees were replaced with trees like oak and maple. Mammoths and mastodons disappeared, but deer became common. Early Archaic peoples learned how to use new plants for food and for making tools, weapons and utensils. They also learned new ways to hunt the different game animals in the forests.
With the changing environment, Middle Archaic peoples of the period between 6,000 and 3,000 B.C. looked for new ways to make use of the resources in their environment. They created new tools—new technology—that helped them to gather food and make things they needed for everyday living. During Middle Archaic times, people began to make new types of tools for working wood. They ground and polished hard stones like granite to make chisels and gouges. With these tools—such as the adze in the photo—they probably made useful objects such as wooden bowls and dugout canoes.
Background Notes
The First People entered the area we call Michigan over 10,000 years ago. They hunted and fished for thousands of years. Despite the hunting and the fishing, the environment showed little impact from their lives here. When the Europeans arrived around 1620, Woodland peoples of the Algonquian language groups lived on this land that would become Michigan. This chart lists the tribes and their approximate Michigan locations.
|South central Upper Peninsula (near present Menominee River and Green Bay)
|Eastern Upper Peninsula
|Eastern Upper Peninsula, Canada
|Western lower Michigan
|Western and central southern lower Michigan
|Eastern central lower Michigan, near Saginaw Bay
|Eastern lower Michigan, near Lake Huron
|Southeastern corner of lower Michigan
|Southwestern corner of lower Michigan
- Students will identify Michigan's upper and lower peninsulas and the directions-north, south, east, and west-on an outline map of Michigan.
- Students will be able to correctly identify the major Native American tribes and their locations upon the arrival of Europeans in the area that is now the state of Michigan.
Materials Needed
- Blank outline map of Michigan [PDF]
- Pencils, pens or markers
- Teacher: completed map for reference
This activity assumes knowledge of directional concepts (north, south, east, west) and the concepts of upper and lower (peninsula). Review these using a Michigan map before beginning the activity. (Note that there are no definite areas marked with lines. Tribes moved seasonally and-due to conflicts and interactions with the French, British and Americans-changed locations into the 19th century.)
Provide each student with an outline map of Michigan. Write the names of the major Indian tribes on the board. Using a Michigan wall map discuss the tribes and point out the areas in which they lived.
Have students write the names of the tribes on their own maps during the discussion. (For greater challenge, distribute the blank maps and assign the activity to be completed from memory after the class discussion.)
Questions for Further Research
- Why did some Indian tribes move from one section of Michigan to another?
- Was each tribe aware of neighboring tribes? How did they get to know each other?
At the Museum
- Look at the "Tribal Locations circa 1620" map on the reader rail in front of the Woodland scene. Does it resemble the map you made in your class? Why might maps of tribal locations look slightly different in different books or displays?
- See the map on the wall of the fort that shows the lands ceded by the Native Americans to others in treaties.
- Peninsula: A section of land surrounded by water on all sides but one.
- Tribe: A group of people made up of many families.
Michigan Social Studies Curriculum Content Standards
This lesson presents an opportunity to address, in part, these standards:
- SOC.II.1 All students will describe, compare, and explain the locations and characteristics of places, cultures, and settlements.
- SOC.II.2. All students will describe, compare, and explain the locations and characteristics of ecosystems, resources, human adaptation, environmental impact, and the interrelationships among them.
- SOC.II.4 All students will describe and compare characteristics of ecosystems, states, regions, countries, major world regions, and patterns and explain the processes that created them.
- Cleland, Charles E. Rites of Conquest: The History and Culture of Michigan's Native Americans. Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press, 1992.
- Clifton, James A., George L. Cornell, and James M. McClurken. People of the Three Fires. Grand Rapids, MI: Grand Rapids Inter-Tribal Council, 1968.
- Farm Bureau Insurance Group. Early Indians of Michigan. Lansing, MI: Farm Bureau Insurance Group, n.d.
- Halsey, John R. (Editor). Indians in Michigan. Great Lakes Informant, Series 2, Number 10. Lansing, MI: Michigan Department of State, History Division, 1984.
- Sturtevant, William C. (Editor). Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 15. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978.
- Tanner, Helen Hornbeck (Editor). Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1987.
One Response to Traveling Through Time to the Land of Michigan
Nick September 4, 2017 at 5:54 pm
Do you know why we use Chippewa than Ojibwa? I know it is more correct to use Ojibwa in Northern Lower Michigan and the U. P.


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Tzeentch99 necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 355 diseños de 42 diseñadores freelance.
Winterfell Investments
We are a new private investment firm. Our employees are young, highly innovative and motivated individuals. We are fast paced to reflect changes in today's current economic environment.
We are looking for a fresh, modern logo that is innovative and at the same time will be taken seriously.
This logo will be the face of a new investment firm managed by individual in their 20s to help launch their careers in finance and investment.
Potential investors, recruiters and future employees.
No stock images or clip art in the logo.
Please use your own creativity.
It should have a unique icon. The company name can be incorporated somehow into the icon, or just placed next to it/above it/below, etc.
Font and logo will be used on all branding so must be usable on Business cards, Stationary, Web site, email signatures, powerpoints, etc.
We are not really looking for winter themed designs despite the name. However, they will be considered if submitted.
Words the logo should invoke are contemporary, dynamic, innovative but at the same time it needs to be taken seriously by wealthy individuals.
For the project winner please provide some .png, .tif and .jpg thumbnails as well as the raw vector file.
Feel free to ask questions!
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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To interact with the VR character a user wears a set of 3D glasses enhanced with a magnetic sensor. This allows the system to calculate the person's line of sight, so that no matter where they're standing the 3D effect is adjusted on the fly to be convincing. And when holding a cup, the user can even capture the virtual water, at least they think they are, thanks to convincing vibrations and sound effects.
But why is the virtual character the company is using in the demo dressed in a scandalous schoolgirl uniform? There's obvious potential for the use of this technology in theme parks and interactive rides and such, but the company is dropping subtle hints as to what they think it could really be used for. And quite frankly, it's exactly what everyone assumed virtual reality would be really used for all along. [DigInfo]


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Kendrick Lamar speaks on "Bitch Don't Kill My Vibe (Remix)," says South By Southwest is "a beautiful thing."
Attendee's at South By Southwest, and later anyone with an internet connection, were in for quite the musical surprise when Young Guru previewed a sample of the "Bitch Don't Kill My Vibe (Remix)," which boasts appearances from both Kendrick Lamar and Jay-Z.
While at the coveted music festival, Kendrick chopped it up with MTV News and spoke briefly on how much of an accomplishment his collab with Jay-Z is.
"It's just one of them things, you know, you live up to. One of those moments to really challenge yourself and say, 'Okay, that's how I come in.' I always looked up to the greats to be a great," said Kendrick. "So to actually be on a track with him it's an accomplishment."
Although the TDE rapper graced many a stage at South By Southwest, he revealed that it's pretty enjoyable being able to take in various genres of music at one festival.
"South By Southwest, a lot of great shows. A few of my homies performing. That's the best thing, just getting to see people that I actually like go out here and rock," Kendrick explained. "I think that's the beautiful thing about South By you know, music moves people, so there's really no boundaries to what you might run into. You might run into some indie rock, you might run into some rock, you might run into some Hip Hop, some jazz, blues, R&B, whatever."
Kendrick didn't touch on when the full version of "Bitch Don't Kill My Vibe (Remix)" will be released, but did reveal that his next musical release would be "Kill My Vibe."
http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.2 ... -southwest


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Digital Resources
NLM historical collections include selected digitized material relating to the history of medicine. Chosen from the manuscripts and books collections, the prints and photographs collection, historical films and videos, current and past exhibitions, and the Digital Manuscripts Program, these digitized materials cover a spectrum of centuries and cultures from medieval Islam to contemporary biomedical research.
- Bookshelf: Historical Works: Medicine in the Americas
- Cholera Online: A Modern Pandemic in Texts and Images
- The Development of Medical Bibliography, by Estelle Brodman
- FDA Notices of Judgment Collection, 1906-1964
- Historical Anatomies on the Web (Anatomical illustrations)
- History of Medicine: Online Syllabus Archive
- A History of the National Library of Medicine, by Wyndham D. Miles
- Images from the History of Medicine, IHM (Image database)
- IndexCat Homepage (background information) To search click here.
- Islamic Medical Manuscripts at the National Library of Medicine (11th-19th century)
- Medical Subject Headings, 1st Edition, 1960, National Library of Medicine
- Medicine in the Americas (full text digital medical Americana)
- Online Exhibitions and Digital Projects (NLM exhibitions and digital projects on the Web)
- Profiles in Science (Innovators in science, medicine, and public health)
- Time, Tide, and Tonics: The Patent Medicine Almanac in America
- Turning the Pages (View rare books up close)


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Neural Crest Development
|Embryology - 3 Jun 2020 Expand to Translate
|Google Translate - select your language from the list shown below (this will open a new external page)
العربية | català | 中文 | 中國傳統的 | français | Deutsche | עִברִית | हिंदी | bahasa Indonesia | italiano | 日本語 | 한국어 | မြန်မာ | Pilipino | Polskie | português | ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਦੇ | Română | русский | Español | Swahili | Svensk | ไทย | Türkçe | اردو | ייִדיש | Tiếng Việt These external translations are automated and may not be accurate. (More? About Translations)
|A personal message from Dr Mark Hill (May 2020)
|contributors to the site. The good news is Embryology will remain online and I will continue my association with UNSW Australia. I look forward to updating and including the many exciting new discoveries in Embryology!
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Some Recent Findings
- 3 Neural Crest Migration
- 4 Textbooks
- 5 Objectives
- 6 Neural Crest Derivatives
- 7 Development Overview
- 8 Skin Melanocytes
- 9 Historic
- 10 References
- 11 Additional Images
- 12 Glossary Links
The neural crest are bilaterally paired strips of cells arising in the ectoderm at the margins of the neural tube. These cells migrate to many different locations and differentiate into many cell types within the embryo. This means that many different systems (neural, skin, teeth, head, face, heart, adrenal glands, gastrointestinal tract) will also have a contribution fron the neural crest cells.
In the body region, neural crest cells also contribute the peripheral nervous system (both neurons and glia) consisting of sensory ganglia (dorsal root ganglia), sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia and neural plexuses within specific tissues/organs.
In the head region, neural crest cells migrate into the pharyngeal arches (as shown in movie below) forming ectomesenchyme contributing tissues which in the body region are typically derived from mesoderm (cartilage, bone, and connective tissue). General neural development is also covered in Neural Notes.
Historically identified as "neural crest" by Arthur Marshall in 1879.[1] (see history below and original article).
|Historic Embryology
Some Recent Findings
|More recent papers
This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References
Search term: Neural Crest Embryology
<pubmed limit=5>Neural Crest Embryology</pubmed>
Neural crest formation stages and gene regulatory networks[8]
|Cell Type
|Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
|Neurons - sensory ganglia, sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia, enteric nervous system, and plexuses
Glia (neuroglial cells) - Schwann cells[9], satellite cells, olfactory ensheathing cells[10]
|Adrenal medulla
Calcitonin-secreting cells
Carotid body type I cells
|Epidermal pigment cells melanocyte
|Facial cartilage and bone
|Facial and anterior ventral skull cartilage and bones
|inner ear, cornea endothelium and stroma
|Connective tissue
|tooth odontoblast
smooth muscle, and adipose tissue of skin in head and neck
Connective tissue of meninges, salivary, lachrymal, thymus, thyroid, and pituitary glands
Connective tissue and smooth muscle in arteries of aortic arch origin
|Links: neural crest | Category:Neural Crest | Neural Crest collapsible table
Neural Crest Migration
Chicken embryo sequence shows the migration of DiI-labeled neural crest cells towards the branchial arches as the embryo. White rings indicate migration of individual cells. Each image represents 10 confocal sections separated by 10 microns.
Movie Source: Original Neural Crest movies kindly provided by Paul Kulesa.[11]
|Neural crest migration Chicken Head (movies overview)
- Neural Crest Movies: Migration 01 | Migration 02 | Migration 03 | Migration 04 | Migration 05 | Migration 06 | Migration 07
|Hill, M.A. (2020). UNSW Embryology (20th ed.) Retrieved June 3, 2020, from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au
|Moore, K.L. & Persuad, T.V.N. (2008). The Developing Human: clinically oriented embryology (8th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. (chapter links only work with a UNSW connection).
|Schoenwolf, G.C., Bleyl, S.B., Brauer, P.R. and Francis-West, P.H. (2009). Larsen's Human Embryology (4th ed.). New York; Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. The following chapter links only work with a UNSW Library subscription
|Additional Resources
- Understand the structures derived from ectoderm.
- Understand the formation of neural folds.
- Identify the initial location of neural crest cells in the trilaminar embryo.
- Identify pathways of neural crest migration throughout the embryo.
- To know the major tissues to which neural crest cells contribute.
- To know how abnormalities in development that result from abnormal neural crest cell migration.
- Understand how neural crest cells contribute to the pharyngeal arches and the head structures they form.
Neural Crest Derivatives
A key feature of neural crest is the migration into other embryonic tissues to form specific neural and non-neural populations and structures.
Cranial neural crest
- migration - dorsolaterally and into pharyngeal arches
- craniofacial mesenchyme - cartilage, bone, cranial neurons, glia, and connective tissues of the face
- pharyngeal arches and pouches - thymic cells, tooth odontoblasts, middle ear bones (ossicles) and jaw (mandible)
Cardiac neural crest
- migration - located between the cranial and trunk neural crests, overlapping the anterior portion of the vagal neural crest.
- pharyngeal arches - (3,4,6) melanocytes, neurons, cartilage, and connective tissue
- heart outflow tract - aortic arch/pulmonary artery septum, large arteries wall musculoconnective tissue
Trunk neural crest
- migration - two major pathways over somites (dorsolaterally) and between somite and neural tube (ventrolaterally)
- dorsolateral - skin melanocytes
- ventrolaterally - dorsal root ganglia, sympathetic ganglia, adrenal medulla, aortic nerve clusters
Vagal and sacral neural crest
- migration - ventrally into surrounding splanchnic mesenchyme of gastrointestinal tract
- splanchnic mesenchyme - parasympathetic (enteric) ganglia of the gut
Development Overview
The following cranial and trunk data is based upon 185 serially sectioned staged (Carnegie) human embryos.[12]
Cranial Neural Crest
- stage 9 - an indication of mesencephalic neural crest
- stage 10 - trigeminal, facial, and postotic components
- stage 11 - crest-free zones are soon observable in rhombomere 1, 3, and 5
- stage 12 - rhombomeres 6 and 7 neural crest migrate to pharyngeal arch 3 and then rostrad to the truncus arteriosus
- stage 13 - nasal crest and the terminalis-vomeronasal complex are last of the cranial crest to appear
stages 9-14 - otic vesicle primordium descends
Vagal Neural Crest
Recent research suggests that the vagal neural crest cells are a transitional population that has evolved between the head and the trunk, taking separate pathways to the both the heart and to the gut.[13][14]
Trunk Neural Crest
Spinal ganglia increase in number over time and are in phase with the somites, though not their centre. There are 3 migratory pathways: ventrolateral between dermatomyotome and sclerotome, ventromedial between neural tube and sclerotomes, and lateral between surface ectoderm and dermatomyotome.
- stage 13 - about 19 present
- stage 14 - about 33 present
- stage 15-23 - 30–35 ganglia
Neck and Shoulder
A mouse study using individually labelled cells of postotic neural crest followed the development of the shoulder girdle (clavicle and scapula) that connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton.[15]
- Clavicle is a neural crest-mesodermal structure, posterior dermal clavicle mesoderm.
- Cryptic cell boundaries traverse apparently homogeneous skeleton of the neck and shoulders.
- Bones and muscles code of connectivity that mesenchymal stem cells of both neural crest and mesodermal origin obey
- Neural crest anchors the head onto the anterior lining of the shoulder girdle
- Hox-gene-controlled mesoderm links trunk muscles to the posterior neck and shoulder skeleton.
- Skeleton identified as neural crest-derived is affected in human Klippel-Feil syndrome, Sprengel's deformity and Arnold-Chiari I/II malformation.
Skin Melanocytes
|Mouse melanocyte migration[16]
|Movie Mouse Skin - Melanoblast Migration E14.5[17]
The paper by Marshall, Morphology of the Vertebrate Olfactory Organ (1879)[1], was historically the first time the term "neural crest" was used. In his own earlier papers he had referred to this as a "neural ridge" in describing development of the chicken embryo neural tube.
See paper text and his referenced comment:
- "I take this opportunity to make a slight alteration in the nomenclature adopted in my former paper. I have there suggested the term neural ridge for the longitudinal ridge of cells which grows out from the reentering angle between the external epiblast and the neural canal, and from which the nerves, whether cranial or spinal, arise. Since this ridge appears before closure of the neural canal is effected, there are manifestly two neural ridges, one on either side ; but I have also applied the same term, neural ridge, to the single outgrowth formed by the fusion of the neural ridges of the two sides after complete closure of the neural canal is effected, and after the external epiblast has become completely separated from the neural canal. I propose in future to speak of this single median outgrowth as the neural crest, limiting the term neural ridge to the former acceptation. Thus, while there are two neural ridges, there is only one neural crest, a distinction that will be at once evident on reference to my former figures."
- Links: Embryology History
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Marshall, A. Morphology of Vertebrate Olfactory Organ Quarterly Journal of Microscopic Science (1879) Vol. 19: 300–340.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 <pubmed>23028350</pubmed>| PLoS Genet.
- ↑ <pubmed>26934293</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>21552538</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>20478300</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>20399765</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>20360764</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>25903629</pubmed>| Nature
- ↑ Woodhoo A & Sommer L. (2008). Development of the Schwann cell lineage: from the neural crest to the myelinated nerve. Glia , 56, 1481-90. PMID: 18803317 DOI.
- ↑ Barraud P, Seferiadis AA, Tyson LD, Zwart MF, Szabo-Rogers HL, Ruhrberg C, Liu KJ & Baker CV. (2010). Neural crest origin of olfactory ensheathing glia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , 107, 21040-5. PMID: 21078992 DOI.
- ↑ <pubmed>10683170</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>17848161</pubmed>| PMC2375817 | J Anat.
- ↑ <pubmed>20962585</pubmed>
- ↑ Bryan R. Kuo, Carol A. Erickson Vagal neural crest cell migratory behavior: A transition between the cranial and trunk crest. Volume 240, Issue 9, pages 2084–2100, September 2011 Dev Dynamics
- ↑ <pubmed>16034409</pubmed>| PMC1352163| Nature
- ↑ <pubmed>16277556</pubmed>| PLoS Biol.
- ↑ <pubmed>20067551</pubmed>| PMC2859249
Trainor, P. (ed) Neural crest cells: evolution, development and disease. ISBN: 978-0-12-401730-6 ScienceDirect Nelms BL, Labosky PA. Transcriptional Control of Neural Crest Development. San Rafael (CA): Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences; 2010. PMID 21452438
<pubmed></pubmed> <pubmed>25903629</pubmed> <pubmed>21309066</pubmed> <pubmed>21309065</pubmed> <pubmed>21295685</pubmed> <pubmed>21452438</pubmed>
<pubmed>17848161</pubmed> <pubmed></pubmed> <pubmed></pubmed>
Search PubMed
Search Pubmed: Neural Crest Development
Additional Images
Historic Images
|Historic Disclaimer - information about historic embryology pages
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Glossary Links
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2020, June 3) Embryology Neural Crest Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Neural_Crest_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2020, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G


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CoachDee necesitaba un nuevo diseño de otro y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 101 diseños de 30 diseñadores freelance.
My father and I are starting a series of books. The main heading is:
The Dumbest Things Smart People Say
the next line or lines is (are)
to ___________
The first book will be: ... to People with MS (or any invisible disease)
The second book will be:... to Old Folks
there will be many many more books to follow with different groups so the cover needs to be attractive and eye-catching to all
I need to be able to put a new group in the blank so please use a font any designer can easily change.
The template for the front and back cover are downloadable. There aren't enough pages for a spine.
General...like the Chicken Soup for the Soul
Go for it, be creative!
You are welcome to use whatever you think will make this eyecatching and understandable (images, etc.).
1. Nothing too elegant
Feel free to experiment with colors!
I'm not an expert in types of files. I need all formats that would be used online, in print media, to be uploaded to printers, book publishers, etc. At least these formats and any others you think I might need:
Print file format - .ai (CMYK) and .jpeg
Web file format - .jpg and layered .psd (RGB)
Please do not use any stock images or clip art in the logo
Trim size: 5.25 x 8 inches


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Welcome back to The Numbers Game, where each day I look at former Brewers and Pilots who have worn that day's jersey number. Today's number was worn by Sal Bando, Billy Spiers and Jeff Cirillo during his second tour of duty. I must be talking about the number 6. Enjoy!
Seattle Pilots:
No player was assigned the number 6 in the Pilots organization in 1969.
Milwaukee Brewers:
Mike Hershberger – 1970: Hershberger was .235/.306/.316 in 49 games with the Brewers in their inaugural season, recording 23 hits and 10 walks. Hershberger has the dubious distinction of having lead the American League in sacrifice flies in 1966 with 7.
Ellie Rodriguez – 1971-73: Traded to the Brewers for Carl Taylor prior to the 1971 season, Rodriguez would serve as Milwaukee's starting catcher. Despite playing in115 games in the '71 campaign, he would record his second lowest batting average of his career (.210). Undaunted, Rodriguez would have a banner year in '72 in which he would bat .285 (a career best) and be selected to his second All-Star team.
After splitting time behind the plate with Darrell Porter in '73, Rodriguez was traded to the California Angels on October 22, 1973 as part of an 9 person trade.
Mike Hegan – 1974-76: You can find information on Hegan in the 4th installment of The Numbers Game.
Sal Bando – 1977-81: A 4 time All-Star selection ('69, '72-'74) and 3 time World Series champion ('72-'74) while with the Athletics, Bando is best known to Brewers fans not for what he did on the field, but for what he did after he retired. Bando became the Brewers General Manager on October 8th, 1991 leading the team to only 1 winning season (1992) in his 7+ seasons with the team. Many attribute that winning season, in which Milwaukee went 92-70 to the fact that most of the players on the squad were hold overs from previous general manager, Harry Dalton.
A mixture of low payroll, poor drafting and bad free-agent decisions would create a witches brew of disappointment for the franchise as they struggled to compete. To further exacerbate the situation, Paul Molitor was allowed to become a free agent due to a lack of urgency in offering him salary arbitration. Molitor would sign with the Blue Jays and go on to be the 1993 World Series MVP.
Bando's tenure as GM would come to an end on August 12, 1999 when he was reassigned within the Brewers organization.
No player was assigned the number 6 in the Brewers organization from 1982 through 1988.
Bill Spiers – 1989-91: Spiers would wear number 6 for his first 3 seasons with Milwaukee, then change to number 9 for the next 3 seasons. As mentioned in the 1st installment of The Numbers Game, Spiers was the object of Gary Sheffield's rage regarding being moved from shortstop to 3rd, claiming that Spiers was given the position because he was white and Sheffield was black.
A strange incident would befall Spiers while playing for the Astros in 1999. During the bottom of the 6th inning on September 24th, 1999, Spiers was attacked on the field by a 23 year old man at Milwaukee's County Stadium. Spiers lost a contact, received a welt under his left eye, a bloody nose and whiplash from the ordeal. For more details on the incident, click here.
Andy Allanson – 1992: Appearing in only 9 games with Milwaukee in 1992, Allanson would bat a career best .320/.346/.360 with 8 hits and 1 walk. He would also be the last Brewer to wear the number 6 in the American League.
No player was assigned the number 6 in the Brewers organization from 1993 through 2001.
Jorge Fabregas – 2002: The first player to wear the number 6 for Milwaukee in the National League, Fabregas was acquired from the Angels along with Pedro Liriano in exchange for Sal Fasano and Alex Ochoa on July 31st, 2002. In 30 games, Fabregas would post a disappointing .164/.178/.343 with 11 hits and 2 walks in 67 at-bats.
Keith Ginter – 2003-04: After wearing number 1 in 21 appearances in 2002, Ginter would switch to number 6 for his next two seasons in Milwaukee. Acquired from the Astros along with Wayne Franklin for Mark Loretta and cash considerations, Ginter would bat .257/.344/.448 in his 3 seasons with Milwaukee with 211 hits and 89 walks. He would be named National League Player of the Week during the final week of the 2004 regular season in which he batted .407 with three homeruns and a league leading 11 RBIs. He also led the league with 25 total bases and .926 on-base percentage.
Jeff Cirillo – 2005-06: In his second appearance as a Brewer (he donned number 26 from 1994-99), Cirillo found his stroke again hitting for .281 in 2005 and .319 in 2006 after a 3 year power outage that saw his seasonal batting average dip to as low as .205 in 2003.
No player was assigned the number 6 in the Brewers organization from 2007 through 2012.
So, there you have it, the good, the bad and the ugly of the number 6. Come back tomorrow for a look at Don Money, J.J. Hardy and everyone else who has worn the number 7.
Kevin Kimmes is a regular contributor to creamcitycables.com and an applicant for the 2013 MLB Fan Cave. You can follow him on Twitter at @kevinkimmes.


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BYK Additives & Instruments is one of the world's leading suppliers in the additives and instruments sector.
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Pope lets baptized Catholics join Anglican converts in 'ordinariate' church structure
VATICAN CITY – Pope Francis is letting baptized Catholics join the new church structure created to receive Anglican converts.
The "ordinariate," which functions like a diocese, was initially designed to enable Anglicans upset over the liberalizing trends of their church to join the Catholic Church while retaining some of their Anglican heritage.
On May 31, Francis modified the norms to allow Catholics who had been baptized — but not yet confirmed — to become members of the ordinariate and receive subsequent sacraments there.
The Vatican spokesman the Rev. Federico Lombardi said Thursday that the U.S. ordinariate had asked the Vatican for such leeway after getting requests from baptized Catholics who had fallen away from the church but wanted to rejoin it via the new Anglican structure to receive First Communion and other sacraments.


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Megan Cranmer Named to Skyline Honor Roll
Oct 11, 2005
Sophomore setter Megan Cranmer (Hicksville, NY/Hicksville) was named to the Skyline Women's Volleyball Player of the Week Honor Roll for her play during the week ending October 9. Megan averaged 9.67 assists (29 total) in a 3-0 conference win over Mount Saint Vincent. The 29 assists tied her career-high that she set last year against St. Elizabeth's.
The Player and Rookie of the Week for all fall sports are announced by the Skyline Conference on Monday nights. Reports are available to view on the Skyline website at www.skylineconference.org.


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General Information Home
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Courses listed in this catalog offer four types of credit to meet your academic needs:
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Students whose fees are to be paid by an agency please file an agency authorization with Extended Education, or submit one with the registration form.
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Students are required to provide the University with their correct social security numbers (individual taxpayer identification numbers) pursuant to the authority contained in Section 41201, Title 5, California Code of Regulations, and Section 6109 of the Internal Revenue Code. The Internal Revenue Service requires the University to file information returns that include the student's social security number and other information such as the amount paid for qualified tuition, related expenses and interest on educational loans. That information is used to help determine whether a student, or a person claiming a student as a dependent, may take a credit or deduction to reduce federal income taxes. Students who do not have a social security number at the time of enrollment will be required to obtain a social security number and submit it to the University within 60 days. Failure to furnish a correct social security number may result in the imposition of a penalty by the Internal Revenue Service.


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Scott Linehan, St Louis (gone) – Obviously he's already gone. Good move. I'm not sure what happened between he and Bulger, but that was the last straw (or perhaps just having zero success was the last straw, not sure).
Marvin Lewis, Cincy (should go now) – Marvin Lewis has to go. It appears as though there has been a disconnect between he and the front office for a few years now. Earlier this year, shortly after Marvin Lewis essentially declared that Chris Henry would never be a Bengal again, Henry was re-signed by the front office. Lewis, touted as a defensive genius when he took the job, has led horrible Bengal defenses in each of his years there. He needs to go now.
Brad Childress, Minn (should go now) – Brad Childress is a very bad coach. There is no reason he should stick around in MN right now. While some believe it is the QB situation that has caused the Vikes to under-perform, I believe it is the coach. If you watch a Vike's game carefully, you will come away amazed at the weak play-calling and the lack of creativity on offense. Their defense is good for the most part, but the offense is quite weak and this is because Childress is there. It will not improve – though they'll win several game this year simply because their talent will overwhelm a few teams. When I picked them to win the NFC North this year, even I, a Childress detractor, underestimated his horribleness and the impact he could have on this team.
Lane Kiffin, Oak (1 more game) – Al Davis is a jackass. This whole will he/won't he fire the coach drama is 100% about Al Davis wanting to direct more attention to his ugly self. That said, Kiffin hasn't exactly knocked 'em dead out there in Oakland. But I'm not sure Kiffin is a bad coach. In fact, were it not for consecutive 4th quarter meltdowns, Kiffin and the Raiders could well be 3-1 right now having beaten two very good teams.
Mike Nolan, San Fran (a few more games) – somehow, this guy keeps getting his job back. I think he gets his job back each year because his dad once coached the 49ers (successfully) and they don't want to be mean to him. But the fact is, with a .346 winning % – an 18-34 record – this guy should have no more than a few more games to turn this ship around. If he can't, I'd recommend they just bump Martz up to head coach (and then hire an assistant to handle timeouts and challenge decisions).
Romeo Crenel, Cleve (end of the year) – Crenel had a decent season as a coach last year leading the Browns back to credibility, but something is going on this year. He has made questionable coaching decisions (that field goal against Pittsburgh???) and he's apparently had a history of this. My guess is that the ugly victory over Cincy might help the Browns get going a bit, but so far, not good. If they don't make the playoffs, he should be gone.
Rod Marinelli, Det (end of this year) – While part of me thinks it's fair to see if Rod can turn it around by the end of the year, a much bigger part of me thinks that Detroit would be best served by cleaning house. He hasn't proven to be a great coach in his time there, though obviously he's had to deal with Millen personnel and I'm sure Millen input. (Though I did hear that Marinelli himself has helped with some of the recent draft mistakes).
Herm Edwards, KC (possibly end of this year) – Edwards may not be someone many would be thinking should lose his job. After all, he got KC to the playoffs unexpectedly in his first year and he hasn't been blessed with high level personnel to work with (Brodie Croyle) since that time. But he strikes me as a guy players either respond to or they don't and if things go south this year, his chances or getting his team back would be slim.


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I cannot believe 2012 is already coming to an end!! I'm sure most of you can agree with me that each year just goes by quicker and quicker!!
This year, I wanted to really narrow it down to the products that really stood out to me the entire year that I thought would be the most worth mentioning... but there's quite a bit as my collection just keeps growing and growing!!! :P
(I wasn't able to bring everything with me since I filmed this while out of town so more products will be listed down below!!!!)
So here it is:
Urban Decay Naked 2 Palette
Beauty Blender
Sigma F80 Flat Top Kabuki Brush
Real Techniques Expert Face Brush
Sonia Kashuk Blending Brush
Benefit Pin Up Eyelashes
Make Up Forever Aqua Brow Gel: 15
Nars Blush: Sin
Loreal Lipstick: Fairest Nude
Maybelline Instant Age Rewind Concealer
Neutrogena Healthy Skin Foundation
These are the other products I forgot to mention!!
Neutrogena Oil-Free Acne Wash Pink Grapefruit Cream Cleanser
Maybelline Master Precise Eyeliner
ELF Duo Eyebrow Kit
Revlon SuperLustrous Lipstick: Love That Red
Revlon Lipliner: Red
(If you ever see me in a bright red lipstick, chances are it's one of these two products!!! I ALWAYS get compliments and questions whenever I wear these!)
&& a few more:
Benefit Blush: Hervana
Urban Decay 24/7 Concealer
Loreal 360 Clean Face Cleansers
Revlon Age Defying Concealer Cream: Medium
Sigma Mrs. Bunny Travel Sized Kit
Thank you for all the love and support for the year of 2012! Let's make 2013 an awesome one! Fingers crossed I can continue to make more videos for you guys to enjoy!!!


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Some wonderful Red Dead Redemption fan art to kick your Tuesday morning off with.
If it's not the same for you without the song, here you go.
And if you didn't know it's actually an old Johnny Cash song, well, here's that one too.
Bury Me Not [Lemmyleyra, via Rockstar]


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Of the Church's many New Testament choices for funerals, six from from Saint Paul's letter to the Romans. And of those, five are contained in four central chapters 5 through 8. Is this significant? The Scripture scholar Brendan Byrne SJ sees these chapters as a "broader argument for hope," citing the apostle's "boast" in suffering (cf. Rom 5:3). Further, that despite "sufferings in the present time," (Rom 8:18) the believer latches on to the notion that God offers an ultimate and eternal freedom. That future glory that will dwarf any comparison to present trials.
That brings us to the conclusion of Paul's "Gospel of Hope." If the following reading seems familiar, we heard it at Sunday Mass just a few weeks ago:
If God is for us, who can be against us?
He who did not spare his own Son
but handed him over for us all,
how will he not also give us everything else along with him?
Who will bring a charge against God's chosen ones?
It is God who acquits us.
Who will condemn?
It is Christ Jesus who died, rather, was raised,
who also is at the right hand of God,
who indeed intercedes for us.
What will separate us from the love of Christ?
Will anguish, or distress, or persecution,
or famine, or nakedness,
or peril, or the sword?
No, in all these things
we conquer overwhelmingly through him who loved us.
For I am convinced that neither death, nor life,
nor angels, nor principalities,
nor present things, nor future things,
nor powers,
nor height, nor depth, nor any other creature
will be able to separate us from the love of God
in Christ Jesus our Lord.
This passage presents three clear expressions that give us cause for hope. First, the reality of the Paschal Mystery. Jesus has tread this path of tribulation, and even a sense of abandonment in the face of death. Yet Christ triumphs. That was not just a historical exercise of God's power. It has meaning because of Christ's redemption. It will be a reality for all believers.
Second, Paul lists earthly obstacles. Jesus suffered "all these things." These are not badges of condemnation or the ill will of the Father. The badges of suffering become banners of victory.
And lastly, Paul gives a litany of supernatural forces. If modern women and men are unfamiliar with the hierarchy of indifferent angels and other powers, perhaps we can substitute our sense of bad luck, bad karma, bad vibes, etc.. An early death, an unjust fate, an incomplete life, gross and tragic unfairness to those left behind: truly, they are irrelevant to the love of God, and the ultimate expression of God's love.
If mourners are prepared for the encounter with hope, this passage or one of the others from Romans may be a good selection for the funeral. What do you think?