text:
The Web Services Policy 1.5 - Framework provides a general purpose model and corresponding syntax to describe the policies of entities in a Web services-based system.
Web Services Policy Framework defines a base set of constructs that can be used and extended by other Web services specifications to describe a broad range of service requirements and capabilities.
This is the
This document has been reviewed by W3C Members, by software developers, and by other W3C groups and interested parties, and is endorsed by the Director as a W3C Recommendation. It is a stable document and may be used as reference material or cited from another document. W3C's role in making the Recommendation is to draw attention to the specification and to promote its widespread deployment. This enhances the functionality and interoperability of the Web.
The Working Group released a test suite along with an
The Working Group is tracking all comments via
This document was produced by a group operating under the
Last Modified: $Date: 2007/08/29 00:56:07 $
Web Services Policy 1.5 - Framework defines a framework and a model for expressing policies that refer to domain-specific capabilities, requirements, and general characteristics of entities in a Web services-based system.
Web Services Policy 1.5 - Framework does not cover discovery of policy, policy scopes and subjects,
or their respective attachment mechanisms. A
Lines (03-07) represent one policy alternative for signing a message body.
Lines (08-12) represent a second policy alternative for encrypting a message body.
Lines (02-13) illustrate the
This section specifies the notations, namespaces, and terminology used in this specification.
This specification uses the following syntax within normative outlines:
The syntax appears as an XML instance, but values in
Characters are appended to elements and attributes to indicate cardinality:
"?" (0 or 1)
"*" (0 or more)
"+" (1 or more)
The character "|" is used to indicate an exclusive choice between alternatives.
The characters "(" and ")" are used to indicate that contained items are to be treated as a group with respect to cardinality or choice.
This document relies on the XML Information Set [
XML namespace prefixes (see
The ellipses characters "…" are used to indicate a point of extensibility that allows other Element or Attribute Information Items.
Elements and Attributes defined by this specification are referred to in the text of this document using XPath 1.0 [XPATH 1.0] expressions. Extensibility points are referred to using an extended version of this syntax:
An element extensibility point is referred to using {any} in place of the
element name. This indicates that any element name can be used, from any
namespace, unless specified otherwise such as in Section
An attribute extensibility point is referred to using @{any} in place of the attribute name. This indicates that any attribute name can be used, from any namespace.
Normative text within this specification takes precedence over normative
outlines, which in turn take precedence over the XML Schema [
Within normative outlines, in this specification, ellipses (i.e., "…")
indicate a point of extensibility that allows other Element or Attribute
Information Items. Information Items
This specification uses a number of namespace prefixes throughout; they are
listed in
|This specification
All information items defined by this specification are identified by the XML
namespace URI [
http://www.w3.org/ns/ws-policy. A
It is the intent of the W3C Web Services Policy Working Group that the Web Services Policy 1.5 - Framework and Web Services Policy 1.5 - Attachment XML namespace URI will not change arbitrarily with each subsequent revision of the corresponding XML Schema documents as the specifications transition through Candidate Recommendation, Proposed Recommendation and Recommendation status. However, should the specifications revert to Working Draft status, and a subsequent revision, published as a WD, CR or PR draft, results in non-backwardly compatible changes from a previously published WD, CR or PR draft of the specification, the namespace URI will be changed accordingly.
Under this policy, the following are examples of backwards compatible changes that would not result in assignment of a new XML namespace URI:
Addition of new global element, attribute, complexType and simpleType definitions.
Addition of new elements or attributes in locations covered by a previously specified wildcard.
Modifications to the pattern facet of a type definition for which the value-space of the previous definition remains valid or for which the value-space of the vast majority of instances would remain valid.
Modifications to the cardinality of elements (i.e. modifications to minOccurs or maxOccurs attribute value of an element declaration) for which the value-space of possible instance documents conformant to the previous revision of the schema would still be valid with regards to the revised cardinality rule.
The keywords "
We introduce the following terms that are used throughout this document:
The items in a
This section defines an abstract model for policies and for operations upon policies.
The descriptions below use XML Infoset terminology for convenience of description. However, this abstract model itself is independent of how it is represented as an XML Infoset.
An assertion MAY indicate that it is an ignorable policy assertion (see
Assertions are typed by the authors that define them.
The XML Infoset of a
Authors should be cognizant of the processing requirements when defining complex
assertions containing
Assertions within an alternative are not ordered, and thus aspects such as the
order in which behaviors (indicated by assertions) are applied to a
A policy alternative
Note: Depending on the semantics of the domain specific policy assertions
regardless if they are qualified by nested policy expressions, a
combination of the policy assertions can be required to specify a particular
behavior. For example, a combination of two or three assertions from the
WS-SecurityPolicy [
assertion is used to indicate message-level security, the
assertion is used to indicate the parts of a message to be protected
and the
sp:EncryptedParts assertion is used to indicate the parts of
a message that require confidentiality.
Alternatives are not ordered, and thus aspects such as preferences between alternatives in a given context are beyond the scope of this specification.
Alternatives within a policy may differ significantly in terms of the behaviors they indicate. Conversely, alternatives within a policy may be very similar. In either case, the value or suitability of an alternative is generally a function of the semantics of assertions within the alternative and is therefore beyond the scope of this specification.
Applied to a Web services based system,
Any entity in a Web services based system may expose a policy to convey
conditions under which it functions. Satisfying assertions in the policy usually
results in behavior that reflects these conditions. For example, if two entities
- requester and provider - expose their policies, a requester might use the
policy of the provider to decide whether or not to use the service. A requester
Note that an entity may be able to support a policy even if the entity does not understand the type of each assertion in the policy; the entity only has to understand the type of each assertion in a policy alternative that the entity supports. This characteristic is crucial to versioning and incremental deployment of new assertions because this allows a provider's policy to include new assertions in new alternatives while allowing entities to continue to use old alternatives in a backward-compatible manner.
This section describes how to convey
The normal form (see Section
While the policy language XML Schema is a representation of the compact form, the
normal form is more restrictive as outlined in Section
To facilitate interoperability, this specification defines a normal form for
The following describes the Element Information Items defined in the schema outline above:
A policy expression.
A collection of policy alternatives. If there are no Element
Information Items in the
A policy alternative; a collection of policy assertions. If there
are no Element Information Items in the
XML Infoset representation of a policy assertion.
Additional attributes
If an
To simplify processing and improve interoperability, the normal form of a policy
For example, the following is the normal form of a policy expression.
Lines (03-07) and Lines (08-12) express the two alternatives in the policy. If
the first alternative is selected, the message body needs to be signed [
The following describes the Attribute Information Items listed and defined in the schema outline above:
The identity of the policy expression as an absolute IRI [
The identity of the policy expression as an
ID within
the enclosing XML document. If omitted, there is no implied value.
The constraints of the XML 1.0 [
The use of
xml:id attribute in conjunction with
Canonical XML 1.0 is inappropriate as described in Appendix C of
xml:id Version 1.0 [
xml:id attribute
should not be signed using XML Digital Signature when Canonical XML
1.0 is being used as the canonicalization method.
Canonical XML 1.1 [
xml:id. The W3C XML Security Specifications Maintenance WG has
been chartered to address how to integrate Canonical XML 1.1 with XML
Security, including XML Signature [
The following example illustrates how to associate a policy expression with the
absolute IRI
The following example illustrates how to associate a policy expression with the
To express a
To indicate that a
The following describes the Attribute Information Item defined in the schema outline above:
If the actual value (See XML Schema Part 1 [
If the actual value (See XML Schema Part 1 [
Omitting this attribute is semantically equivalent to including it with a value of false. Policy expressions should not include this attribute with a value of false, but policy parsers must accept this attribute with a value of false.
For example, the following compact policy expression:
is equivalent to the following normal form policy expression:
The following describes additional processing constraints on the outline listed above:
This indicates that the assertion contains a nested policy
expression. If there is no
If the schema outline for an assertion type requires a nested
policy expression but the assertion does not further qualify one
or more aspects of the behavior indicated by the assertion type
(i.e., no assertions are needed in the nested policy
expression), the assertion
<wsp:Policy/> Element
Information Item in its
Note: This specification does not define processing for arbitrary
Policy assertions containing a nested policy expression are normalized
recursively. The nesting of a policy expression (and a
For example, consider the following policy expression with nested policy expressions in a compact form:
Lines (02-18) in this policy expression contain a single transport binding security policy assertion; within its nested policy expression (Lines 03-17), is an algorithm suite assertion (Lines 04-11) whose nested policy expression (Lines 05-10) contains two policy alternatives (Lines 07-08). Generally, a nested policy expression implies recursive processing; in the example above, the behavior indicated by the transport binding assertion requires the behavior indicated by one of the assertions within the algorithm suite assertion.
The example above is equivalent to the following:
In the listing above, the transport binding and its nested policy expression have been duplicated once for each of the nested alternatives in Lines (07-08) of the compact policy. The first alternative (Lines 03-18) contains a single nested algorithm suite alternative (Line 08) as does the second alternative (Lines 19-34 and 24).
The schema outline for the
The following describes the Attribute and Element Information Items defined in the schema outline above:
This element is the
This element is a nested
This element is a nested
This element is a nested
This element references a policy expression to be included per
Additional attributes
Additional elements
The schema outline for the
The following describes the Attribute and Element Information Items defined in the schema outline above:
This element is the
This element is a nested
This element is a nested
This element is a nested
This element references a policy expression to be included per
Additional elements
The schema outline for the
The following describes the Attribute and Element Information Items defined in the schema outline above:
This element is the
This element is a nested
This element is a nested
This element is a nested
This element references a policy expression to be included per
Additional elements
The following rules are used to transform a compact policy expression into a normal form policy expression:
Use of
A collection of assertions in an
is equivalent to:
<wsp:All /> expresses a policy alternative
with zero policy assertions. Note that since
/> is therefore equivalent to
<wsp:All />, i.e., a
policy alternative with zero assertions.
<wsp:ExactlyOne /> expresses a
policy with zero policy alternatives.
In line with the previous statements that policy assertions
within a policy alternative and policy alternatives within a
policy are not ordered (see
is equivalent to:
is equivalent to:
is equivalent to:
is equivalent to:
is equivalent to:
is equivalent to:
is equivalent to:
Similarly by repeatedly distributing wsp:All over wsp:ExactlyOne,
is equivalent to:
is equivalent to:
is equivalent to:
For example, given the following compact policy expression:
Applying Section
Note that the assertion listed in Line (02) in the first listing expands into the two alternatives in Lines (03-06) in the second listing.
Finally, noting that
Note that the two alternatives listed in Lines (03-06) in the second listing are combined with the two alternatives listed in Lines (09-14) in the second listing to create four alternatives in the normalized policy, Lines (03-06), (07-10), (11-13), and (14-16).
Consider another example, given the following compact policy expression:
Applying Section
Note that the assertion listed in Line (02) in the first listing expands into an alternative in Lines (03-05) in the second listing.
Finally, noting that
Note that the first alternative listed in Lines (03-05) in the second listing is combined with the two alternatives listed in Lines (08-13) in the second listing to create two alternatives in the normalized policy, Lines (03-06) and (07-10).
The schema outline for the
The following describes the Attribute and Element Information Items defined in the schema outline above:
This element references a policy expression that is being referenced.
This attribute references a policy expression by an IRI. For a
policy expression within the same XML Document, the reference
ID. For an external
policy expression, there is no requirement that the IRI be
resolvable; retrieval mechanisms are beyond the scope of this
specification. After retrieval, there is no requirement to check
that the retrieved policy expression is associated (Section
This attribute is of type
This optional URI attribute specifies the digest algorithms being used. This specification predefines the default algorithm below, although additional algorithms can be expressed.
http://www.w3.org/ns/ws-policy/Sha1Exc (implied)
|The digest is a SHA1 hash over the octet stream resulting from
using the Exclusive XML canonicalization defined for XML
Signature [
Additional attributes
Additional elements
In order to share
When a
In the example below two policies include and extend a common policy. In the first example there is a single policy document containing two policy assertions. The expression is given an identifier but not a fully qualified location. The second and third expressions reference the first expression by URI indicating the referenced expression is within the document.
There are times when it is desirable to "re-use" a portion of a policy expression. Generally, this can be accomplished by placing the common assertions in a separate policy expression and referencing it.
To interpret a compact
Start with the Element Information Item E (as defined in the XML
Information Set [
"http://www.w3.org/ns/ws-policy". In the base case, the
"Policy"; in the recursive case, the
"ExactlyOne", or
Expand Element Information Items (as defined in the XML Information
Set [
Convert each Element Information Item C in the
If the
"http://www.w3.org/ns/ws-policy" and the
"ExactlyOne", or
"All", C is an expression of a policy
operator; normalize C by recursively applying this
Otherwise the Element Information Item C is an assertion;
normalize C per Sections
Apply the policy operator indicated by E to the normalized Element
Information Items in its
Note that an implementation may use a more efficient procedure and is not required to explicitly convert a compact expression into the normal form as long as the processing results are indistinguishable from doing so.
The schema outline for the
The following describes the Attribute Information Item defined in the schema outline above:
This attribute is of type
xs:boolean. If the actual
value (See XML Schema Part 1 [
Policy intersection is OPTIONAL but, a useful tool when two or more parties express
As a first approximation, an intersection algorithm is defined below
that approximates compatibility of
The domain-independent policy intersection algorithm is:
If either assertion contains a nested
If the mode is strict, two
if each assertion in A is compatible with an assertion in B, and
if each assertion in B is compatible with an assertion in A.
If the mode is lax, two
if each assertion in A that is not an
if each assertion in B that is not an
If two alternatives are compatible, their intersection is an alternative
containing all of the occurrences of all of the assertions from both
alternatives (i.e., the bag union of the two), regardless of whether
or not they are marked with the
The result of policy intersection can be zero or more
An entity applies all the behaviors implied by a policy alternative when that policy alternative is chosen from the intersection result (see
As an example of intersection, consider two input policies in normal form:
The listing above contains two policy alternatives. The first alternative, (Lines
03-10) contains two policy assertions. One indicates which elements should be
signed (Lines 04-06); its type is
The second alternative (Lines 11-19) also contains two assertions, each with type (Line 12 and Line 16) and parameters (Lines 13-14 and Line 17).
As this example illustrates, compatibility between two policy assertions is based on assertion type and delegates parameter processing to domain-specific processing.
Because there is only one alternative (A2) in policy P1 with the same assertion type as another alternative (A3) in policy P2, the intersection is a policy with a single alternative that contains all of the assertions in A2 and in A3.
Note that there are two
Based on the semantics of multiple
Whether the two
As another example of intersection of WS-Addressing assertions that utilize the framework intersection algorithm, consider two input policies:
Lines (04)-(06) in the above policy expression contain an addressing
policy assertion with the empty
<wsp:Policy/> in line (05).
The empty
<wsp:Policy/> is a nested policy expression with an
alternative that has zero assertions. In the example above, the addressing
assertion indicates the use of addressing without any restriction.
Lines (04)-(08) in the above policy expression contain an addressing
policy assertion with a nested policy expression in lines (05)-(06).
The nested policy expression indicates that the provider requires request
messages to use response endpoint EPRs that contain the anonymous URI.
The nested policy expression contains an alternative that has one
The two assertions in alternatives A5 and A6 have the same assertion type and have nested policy expressions. The nested policy expression within the addressing assertion in the alternative A5 contains an alternative that has zero assertions. The nested policy expression within the addressing assertion in the alternative A6 contains an alternative that has one assertion. The nested policy expressions within these two assertions are incompatible because the alternative in one is incompatible with the alternative in the other.
Therefore, the two assertions are incompatible and hence the two alternatives are incompatible.
Policy expressions use IRIs for some identifiers. This document does not define a
base URI but relies on the mechanisms defined in XML Base [
It is
It should be noted that the mechanisms described in this document could be secured as
part of a SOAP message [
This section describes the security considerations that service providers,
requestors, policy authors, policy assertion authors, and policy implementers need
to consider when exposing, consuming and designing
A policy is used to represent the capabilities and requirements of a Web Service.
Policies may include sensitive information. Malicious consumers may acquire
sensitive information, fingerprint the service and infer service
vulnerabilities. These threats can be mitigated by requiring authentication for
sensitive information, by omitting sensitive information from the policy or by
securing access to the policy. For securing access to policy metadata, policy
providers can use mechanisms from other Web Services specifications such as
WS-Security [
If a policy expression is unsigned it could be easily tampered with or replaced. To prevent tampering or spoofing of policy, requestors should discard a policy unless it is signed by the provider and presented with sufficient credentials. Requestors should also check that the signer is actually authorized to express policies for the given policy subject.
A policy may offer several alternatives that vary from weak to strong set of requirements. An adversary may interfere and remove all the alternatives except the weakest one (say no security requirements). Or, an adversary may interfere and discard this policy and insert a weaker policy previously issued by the same provider. Policy authors or providers can mitigate these threats by sun-setting older or weaker policy alternatives. Requestors can mitigate these threats by discarding policies unless they are signed by the provider.
Malicious providers may include policy assertions in its policy whose behavior cannot be verified by examining the wire message from the provider to requestor. In general, requestors have no guarantee that a provider will behave as described in the provider's policy expression. The provider may not and perform a malicious activity. For example, say the policy assertion is privacy notice information and the provider violates the semantics by disclosing private information. Requestors can mitigate this threat by discarding policy alternatives which include assertions whose behavior cannot be verified by examining the wire message from the provider to requestor. Assertion authors can mitigate this threat by not designing assertions whose behavior cannot be verified using wire messages.
Malicious providers may provide a policy expression with a large number of alternatives, a large number of assertions in alternatives, deeply nested policy expressions or chains of PolicyReference elements that expand exponentially (see the chained sample below; this is similar to the well-known DTD entity expansion attack). Policy implementers need to anticipate these rogue providers and use a configurable bound with defaults on number of policy alternatives, number of assertions in an alternative, depth of nested policy expressions, etc.
Malicious providers may provide a policy expression that includes multiple PolicyReference elements that use a large number of different internet addresses. These may require the consumers to establish a large number of TCP connections. Policy implementers need to anticipate such rogue providers and use a configurable bound with defaults on number of PolicyReference elements per policy expression.
Implementers of Web Services policy language should be careful to protect their software against general XML threats like deeply nested XML or XML that contains malicious content.
An element information item whose namespace name is "http://www.w3.org/ns/ws-policy" and whose local
part is Policy or PolicyReference conforms to this specification if it is valid
according to the XML Schema [
This appendix defines the
This parameter has identical semantics to the charset
parameter of the
Identical to those of
See section
There are no known interoperability issues.
This document and
This new media type is being registered to allow for deployment of Web Services Policy and references to Web Services Policy on the World Wide Web.
A syntax identical to that of
As specified in
World Wide Web Consortium <email@example.com>
The Web Services Policy 1.5 specification set is a work
product of the World Wide Web Consortium's
This document is the work of the
Members of the Working Group are (at the time of writing, and by alphabetical order): Dimitar Angelov (SAP AG), Abbie Barbir (Nortel Networks), Charlton Barreto (Adobe Systems Inc.), Sergey Beryozkin (IONA Technologies, Inc.), Vladislav Bezrukov (SAP AG), Toufic Boubez (Layer 7 Technologies), Symon Chang (BEA Systems, Inc.), Paul Cotton (Microsoft Corporation), Glen Daniels (Progress Software), Doug Davis (IBM Corporation), Jacques Durand (Fujitsu Limited), Ruchith Fernando (WSO2), Christopher Ferris (IBM Corporation), William Henry (IONA Technologies, Inc.), Frederick Hirsch (Nokia), Maryann Hondo (IBM Corporation), Ondrej Hrebicek (Microsoft Corporation), Steve Jones (Layer 7 Technologies), Tom Jordahl (Adobe Systems Inc.), Paul Knight (Nortel Networks), Philippe Le Hégaret (W3C/MIT), Mark Little (JBoss Inc.), Mohammad Makarechian (Microsoft Corporation), Ashok Malhotra (Oracle Corporation), Jonathan Marsh (WSO2), Monica Martin (Sun Microsystems, Inc.), Arnaud Meyniel (Axway Software), Jeff Mischkinsky (Oracle Corporation), Dale Moberg (Axway Software), Anthony Nadalin (IBM Corporation), David Orchard (BEA Systems, Inc.), Sanjay Patil (SAP AG), Manjula Peiris (WSO2), Fabian Ritzmann (Sun Microsystems, Inc.), Daniel Roth (Microsoft Corporation), Tom Rutt (Fujitsu Limited), Sanka Samaranayake (WSO2), Felix Sasaki (W3C/Keio), Yakov Sverdlov (CA), Asir Vedamuthu (Microsoft Corporation), Sanjiva Weerawarana (WSO2), Ümit Yalçinalp (SAP AG), Prasad Yendluri (webMethods (A subsidiary of Software AG)).
Previous members of the Working Group were: Jeffrey Crump, Jong Lee, Bob Natale, Eugene Osovetsky, Bijan Parsia, Skip Snow, Seumas Soltysik, Mark Temple-Raston.
The people who have contributed to


text:
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Here are our current job openings throughout all of our various entities. Please click on the job title for more information and apply from that page if you are interested.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Elizabeth Emken, an unknown Republican who is among those hoping to challenge U.S. Sen. Dianne Feinstein in the fall, won a little notice recently for criticizing Feinstein for not have a presence on Twitter and Facebook.
Emken, in a press release, argued that this showed California's senator to be less accessible than she should be.
It turns out that Feinstein has been preparing to launch on Facebook and Twitter for some time; her campaign is "99 percent" of the way there to a social media launch, says longtime Feinstein consultant Bill Carrick.
U.S. & World
But Emken's criticism raises questions: should politicians be on Facebook and Twitter?
My answer: not necessarily.
Certainly, having a social media presence is not a good measure of accessibility. Many politicians don't engage the public through these medium; they use them as another broadcast channel for the news they want to make.
Plenty of inaccessible, unresponsive elected officials out there are on Facebook and Twitter. And Feinstein, whaetever you think of her politics, is a deeply engaged senator, and her web site provides a variety of ways -- from email to phone numbers -- to get in touch with her.
That said, politicians, and particularly politicians from California, home to Facebook, Twitter and others, should be looking for ways to use social media.
That does not mean Facebook is a good idea -- check out the comments on the network and you'll see that Facebook is full of haters.
But there are so many thinkers -- from entrepreneurs to academics -- in California who are trying to innovate with social media, that it would be wise for Feinstein and other state leaders toharness that brainpower.
One idea for the senator and other California pols: sponsor a public contest to design a way for you to interact on-line with constituents.
Be clear about what you want. A U.S. Senator for a state of 38 million has limited time, so she may want a network that allows her to see, quickly what her constituents are saying, to respond privately to anyone whose ideas she finds intriguing, and to keep the platofrm free of hateful, unhelpful commeents.
Developers and coders would jump at the chance to design something (especially if the politician holding the contest offered a cash prize for the winning idea). The contest itself would be an example of public engagement. And a California senator could boast, with reason, that she was attempting to support innovation and new ideas on the Internet. A win-win.
Let us know what you think. Comment below, send us your thoughts via Twitter @PropZero or add your comment to our Facebook page.


text: You've heard about the wave of protests against fast food chains like McDonald's and Burger King where employees are forced to live on next to nothing. Workers in regular, sit-down restaurants are also penalized. Back in 1991, the National Restaurant Association - often called "the other NRA" -- passed around enough campaign contributions to persuade Congress to set the Federal minimum wage for waiters, busboys, and bartenders at only $2.13 an hour. They claim that tips are additional income that makes up the difference. But tips are random and often meager. Restaurant workers struggling to earn a living are twice as likely to be on public assistance. This week on Moyers & Company (check local listings), Bill Moyers talks with Saru Jayaraman, co-founder and co-director of ROC-United -- the Restaurant Opportunities Centers United, whose 13,000 members across the country are fighting for better wages and working conditions. Because ROC has been making headway, they've got powerful enemies, including Rick Berman, a Washington-based lawyer and p.r. man, dubbed "Dr. Evil" by 60 Minutes, who specializes in industry-funded attack campaigns against health and safety regulations, the minimum wage and organized labor. "In any other context, what is it called when an employer practically doesn't pay their workers, full-time workers? It's called slavery," Saru Jayaraman tells Moyers. "... And so how is it that a major industry has basically convinced America, convinced Congress, that they practically shouldn't have to pay their workers at all? It's purely money and power. And their control over our legislators." But she remains hopeful: "There's nothing that people cannot achieve once they expose those forces and once they resist... We can actually overcome even the most hardened, monied lobbyists in Washington, DC, or in states around the country. Because ultimately, if we are a true democracy, we cannot cede our democratic powers to these people." Saru Jayaraman is also director of the Food Labor Research Center at the University of California, Berkeley and the author of Behind the Kitchen Door.


text:
Thursday, May 12, 2005
Chocolate Oatmeal Almost-Candy Bars
For the bottom and top layers
2 1/2 cups all-purpose flour
1 teaspoon baking soda
1 teaspoon salt
1/2 teaspoon cinnamon
16 tablespoons unsalted butter, softened
2 cups packed brown sugar
2 large eggs
2 teaspoons vanilla
3 cups rolled oats
1 cup salted peanuts, coarsely chopped
For the fudge layer
14 ounce can sweetened condensed milk
12 ounces bittersweet chocolate, chopped into chunks
2 tablespoons unsalted butter
1/4 teaspoon salt
1 teaspoon vanilla
1 cup plump golden raisins
3/4 cup salted peanuts, coarsely chopped
To make the bottom and top layers
Preheat oven to 350
In a medium bowl, whisk together flour, baking soda, salt and cinnamon.
In a large mixing bowl, add butter and beat until creamy. Add sugar and beat together for 2 minutes, scraping down the bowl as needed. Add eggs, one at a time, beating for 1 minute after each. Mix in vanilla. Add the flour mixture and mix just until combined. Add rolled oats and nuts - use a sturdy wooden spoon to incorporate them. Set aside a scant 2 cups of this mixture.
Scoop the remaining mixture into a 9" x 13" baking pan coated with nonstick spray - press the dough over the bottom of the pan to form an even layer. If you find this too sticky, lay a sheet of plastic wrap on top to help you move the dough around.
To make the fudge layer
In a heat-safe bowl set over simmering water, add condensed milk, chocolate, butter and salt. Stir the mixture together until the chocolate and butter melt into the milk creating a thick and smooth mixture. Remove the bowl from the water and mix in vanilla, raisins and peanuts. Pour this warm mixture over the unbaked oatmeal base and use an off-set spatula to spread it to an even layer. Drop small dollops of the oatmeal mixture that you set aside earlier - don't try to make it one smooth layer, just drop it randomly over the chocolate mixture until it is all used up.
Place in the oven and bake until the topping is golden and the fudge layer begins to pull away from the sides of the pan, about 25 to 30 minutes. Remove and set on a wire rack to cool completely before cutting into bars.
Just found the recipe? Click here to see where we talked about it!
5 comments:
I knew I recognized that bar from somewhere... Dorie strikes again!ReplyDelete
- Anonymous1/16/2008 09:20:00 PM
Joe, what will you do about Valentine's day and chocolate?ReplyDelete
I've been looking for something special to take to Bible study Sunday since it is my time to take snacks. This may just be the thing!! Thanks for much. Jancd
Brilynn - Nothing but winners from Dorie!ReplyDelete
Jancd - I'll sadly have to do without this year!
I'm glad you had a success with Dorie's. I made her Caramel- Peanut-Topped Brownie Cake and it was the worst cake I had in my life. So I'm afraid to do anything from her cookbook again. But these bars looks so good.ReplyDelete
I made these for a family reunion last weekend. Everyone loved them and requested the recipe. They even opted for the bars over birthday cake!! They were described as a "healthy" treat "sorta like a granola bar with chocolate".ReplyDelete


text:
After my first four-year tour of active Air Force duty � which included pilot training and being awarded the silver wings of an Air Force pilot � I chose to leave active duty to attend college.
Recently, I read a newspaper article on the Bay of Pigs� 50th anniversary.
I probably would have let this time in history pass by and never even thought about it, but then I remembered I was a part of the goings-on that were brought on by the Cuban missile crisis.
After my first four-year tour of active Air Force duty � which included pilot training and being awarded the silver wings of an Air Force pilot � I chose to leave active duty to attend college.
Two things became obvious shortly after I matriculated at Ursinus College:
�The Korean GI Bill that paid unmarried veterans $110 each month while attending classes (or $880 an academic school year) wouldn�t be enough to meet my expenses ($2,000 a year for tuition, room and board, plus books and other incidentals).
�An Air Force Reserve wing that flew C-119G aircraft was stationed at NAS Willow Grove, about 25 miles from campus. A brief visit to the unit on a Saturday afternoon found me a �slot� in the unit, and soon I was devoting two weekends and a couple of Wednesday evenings each month to learn more about the �Flying Boxcar.�
Answering the call
I received my college diploma in June 1962, and I had found employment in my hometown. All was going well until Thursday, Oct. 25, 1962, when I received a telephone call from my squadron operations officer asking if I could come in for three days of extra training. Six aircraft commanders, the status to which I had been elevated, answered the call.
Upon arrival for duty the next day, we were advised that we were to enhance our skills at low-level formation flying. We flew a mission on Friday and another on Saturday that saw us flying over New Jersey beaches, culminating in practice heavy equipment drops on the NAS Lakehurst drop zone.
We were scheduled for a similar mission on Sunday, so most pilots stayed in the barracks on Saturday. With nothing else to do, we loaded into my car to go bowling in Willow Grove, and about 11 p.m., we headed back to the naval air station.
As we headed up U. S. Route 611, with the radio in the car playing some music, an announcer interrupted the broadcast to state that the Department of the Air Force was recalling 14,000 reservists immediately to active duty! Needless to say, this changed the mood within the car, and we scurried back to base, where we found lights on in our Director of Operations� office.
We hurried into the colonel�s office and learned that we were a part of the recall. We were to take a listing of names, find a desk with a telephone and start recalling all wing personnel, to have them report by 9 a. m. Sunday morning.
I had the �pleasure� of calling one individual�s home and being told by his mother that the one for whom I was calling had been married the day before, and that he was on his honeymoon. I extended my congratulations but made it known that I had to contact him immediately. I received his location and placed the necessary phone call. �But, I�m on my honeymoon,� stated the young airman, to which I replied, �By order of the President�.�
However, I digress.
On duty
At 9 a. m., Sunday, Oct. 28, 1962, 98 percent of the wing�s membership, some who had driven some 300 miles after receiving their phone call, were in uniform and on duty.
Some three weeks later, after removing bright red paint from the wing tips and tails of all our aircraft, 80 percent of our assigned aircraft and all of our combat-ready aircrews relocated to a southern installation to conduct operations for which we had been training.
Fortunately, this training was not subsequently employed. I mention this because many people today may not know that more than a naval blockade was in effect in the fall of 1962. In addition, we should recognize the dedication of thousands of reservists in various units who face the possible disruption of family lives, separation from loved ones, and the economic impact that a reduction in income or the necessity to maintain two residences can have.
Being a reservist who meets with his or her unit one weekend each month and collects a little extra income does not face too many sacrifices. However, there is always that possibility of receiving the call on short notice, as happened on Oct. 28, 1962 � and not knowing what lies ahead.
We are rapidly approaching the �holidays,� when many reservists will be scattered around the globe, thousands of miles from home. Here�s a suggestion: drop them a card or a care package of goodies, and check in with their family who may be waiting at home, possibly suffering more than they let people know.
A care package at Thanksgiving or Christmas might be appropriate and well appreciated.
Bob Allen, a retired city councilman, is a retired Crestview resident.
What's your view? Email email@example.com with the subject "My view." Letters must be 250 words or less and written on local issues.


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Today at 6am the Dubai Metro opened to the public after its inaugural ride last night.
09.09.09 Sheikh Mohammed and his entourage, walked the red carpet followed by selected VIP's and several hundred contest winners to the maiden trip on Dubais urban rail network.
Katrin Greiling, a designer and photographer based in Dubai documented this first ride. As she says she will spend many more hours riding the metro and look at all the stations and impressions the new view on the city will generate.
Katrin Greilings pictures will be published by Al Manakh, the collaborative initiative to monitor, reveal and forecast new urban developments unfolding in the Gulf region, published as a special edition of Volume.
more photos by Katrin Greiling


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Twitter Lawsuit, What Should Business Learn?Friday, July 31st, 2009
Article from PC world about how companies should handle customer service issues and how suing could backfire and make the company look worse.
From Tech inciter. By David Coursey
Horizon Group Management has probably by now figured out that suing a tenant over an uncomplimentary tweet was probably not the best course. If the company had been worried that a tweet about a supposedly moldy apartment would damage its reputation, it has certainly magnified that effect probably millions of times.
Forgive me if, should I move to Chicago, I choose not to rent from a company that describes itself as a "sue first and ask questions later kind of an organization" as though it is a virtue. Moldy apartment or not.
What should businesses learn from this incident?
Read entire article.


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The following is a guest blog post by Mike Semel, President of Semel Consulting.
Some cloud service providers and data centers have been in denial that they are HIPAA Business Associates. They refuse to sign Business Associate Agreements and comply with HIPAA.
Their excuses:
"We don't have access to the data so we aren't a HIPAA Business Associate."
"The data is encrypted so we aren't a HIPAA Business Associate."
Cloud and hosted phone vendors claim "We are a conduit where the data just passes through us temporarily so we aren't a HIPAA Business Associate."
"We tell people not to store PHI in our cloud so we aren't a HIPAA Business Associate."
Wrong. Wrong. Wrong. And Wrong.
2.7 million reasons Wrong.
Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) just paid $2.7 million to settle a series of HIPAA data breaches "including the storage of the electronic protected health information (ePHI) of over 3,000 individuals on a cloud-based server without a business associate agreement."
Another recent penalty cost a medical practice $750,000 for sharing PHI with a vendor without having a Business Associate Agreement in place.
The 2013 changes to HIPAA that published in the Federal Register (with our emphasis) state that:
"…we have modified the definition of "business associate" to generally provide that a business associate includes a person who "creates, receives, maintains, or transmits" protected health information on behalf of a covered entity.
…an entity that maintains protected health information on behalf of a covered entity is a business associate and not a conduit, even if the entity does not actually view the protected health information. We recognize that in both situations, the entity providing the service to the covered entity has the opportunity to access the protected health information. However, the difference between the two situations is the transient versus persistent nature of that opportunity. For example, a data storage company that has access to protected health information (whether digital or hard copy) qualifies as a business associate, even if the entity does not view the information or only does so on a random or infrequent basis."
A cloud service doesn't need access to PHI – it just needs to manage or store it– to be a Business Associate. They must secure PHI and sign Business Associate Agreements.
The free, consumer-grade versions of DropBox and Google Drive are not HIPAA compliant. But, the fee-based cloud services, that utilize higher levels of security and for which the vendor will sign a Business Associate Agreement, are OK to use. DropBox Business and Google Apps cost more but provide both security and HIPAA compliance. Make sure you select the right service for PHI.
Encryption is a great way to protect health information, because the data is secure and the HIPAA Breach Notification Rule says that encrypted data that is lost or stolen is not a reportable breach.
However, encrypting data is not an exemption to being a Business Associate. Besides, many cloud vendors that deny they have access to encrypted data really do.
I know because I was the Chief Operating Officer for a cloud backup company. We told everyone that the client data was encrypted and we could not access it. The problem was that when someone had trouble recovering their data, the first thing our support team asked for were the encryption keys so we could help them. For medical clients that gave us access to unencrypted PHI.
I also know of situations where data was supposed to be encrypted but, because of human error, made it to the cloud unencrypted.
Simply remembering that Business Associates are covered in the HIPAA Privacy Rule while encryption is discussed in the Breach Notification Rule is an easy way to understand that encryption doesn't cancel out a vendor's status as a Business Associate.
Data Centers
A "business associate" also is a subcontractor that creates, receives, maintains, or transmits protected health information on behalf of another business associate.
Taken together, a cloud vendor that stores PHI, and the data centers that house servers and storage devices, are all HIPAA Business Associates. If you have your own servers containing PHI in a rack at a data center, that makes the data center a HIPAA Business Associate. If you use a cloud service for offsite backups, or file sharing, they and their data centers are Business Associates.
Most data centers offer 'Network Operations Center (NOC) services,' an on-site IT department that can go to a server rack to perform services, so you don't have to travel (sometimes across the country) to fix a problem. A data center manager was denying they had access to the servers locked in racks and cages, while we watched his NOC services technician open a locked rack to restart a client server.
Our client, who had its servers containing thousands of patient records housed in that data center, used the on-site NOC services when their servers needed maintenance or just to be manually restarted.
Cloud-Based and Hosted Phone Services
In the old days, a voice message left on a phone system was not tied to computers. Faxes were paper-in and paper-out between two fax machines.
HIPAA defines a conduit as a business that simply passes PHI and ePHI through their system, like the post office, FedX, UPS, phone companies and Internet Service Providers that simply transport data and do not ever store it. Paper-based faxing was exempt from HIPAA.
One way the world has changed is that Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) systems, that are local or cloud-based, convert voice messages containing PHI into data files, which can then be stored for access through a portal, phone, or mobile device, or are attached to an e-mail.
Another change is that faxing PHI is now the creation of an image file, which is then transmitted through a fax number to a computer system that stores it for access through a portal, or attaches it to an e-mail.
Going back to the Federal Register statement that it is the persistence of storage that is the qualifier to be a Business Associate, the fact that the data files containing PHI are stored at the phone service means that the vendor is a Business Associate. It doesn't matter that the PHI started out as voice messages or faxes.
RingCentral is one hosted phone vendor that now offers a HIPAA-compliant phone solution. It encrypts voice and fax files during transit and when stored, and RingCentral will sign a Business Associate Agreement.
Don't Store PHI With Us
Telling clients not to store PHI, or stating that they are not allowed to do so in the fine print of an agreement or on a website, is just a wink-wink-nod-nod way of a cloud service or data center denying they are a Business Associate even though they know they are maintaining PHI.
Even if they refuse to work with medical clients, there are so many other types of organizations that are HIPAA Business Associates – malpractice defense law firms, accounting firms, billing companies, collections companies, insurance agents – they may as well give it up and just comply with HIPAA.
If they don't, it can cost their clients if they are audited or through a breach investigation.
Don't let that be you!
About Mike Semel
Mike Semel is the President of Semel Consulting, which specializes in healthcare and financial regulatory compliance, and business continuity planning.
Mike is a Certified Security Compliance Specialist, has multiple HIPAA certifications, and has authored HIPAA courseware. He has been an MSP, and the CIO for a hospital and a K-12 school district. Mike helped develop the CompTIA Security Trustmark and coaches companies preparing for the certification.
Semel Consulting conducts HIPAA workshops for MSPs and has a referrals program for partners. Visit www.semelconsulting.com for more info.


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Product Support Plans
SKF is committed to customer support excellence. The goal of a SKF Product Support Plan (PSP) is to help you increase and optimize your return on investment in SKF products. This includes extending the life of their product and facilitating the success of their program. This allows you to compete in your industry, save downtime and be on the cutting edge of technology.
Protect your investment
SKF Product Support Plans give you full confidence that your equipment is maintained to the SKF quality standards. Condition monitoring products are an investment and there is no better way to protect your investment for years than with a SKF Product Support Plan.
Greater peace of mind
For hardware:
- Unlimited telephone technical support
- E-mail / web-based technical support
- Firmware maintenance releases and updates
- Hardware repairs, modifications and proactive maintenance
- Unlimited calibration
- Annual Preventive Maintenance (APM) service
- Hardware loaner units
- Courier return shipping after repair or maintenance
SKF Knowledge Centre valued partner access
- SKF Technical Support Self-Help Portal access
Live webinar training notifications
- Unlimited telephone technical support
- E-mail / web-based technical support
- Live chat technical support
- Software maintenance releases
- Software updates
- Remote Workstation access
SKF Knowledge Centre valued partner access
- SKF Technical Support Self-Help Portal access
- Live webinar training notifications
Web-based e-Learning courses
SKF Knowledge Centre subscription
This on-line knowledge portal provides engineers, operators and managers with asset maintenance and reliability expertise. Hundreds of white papers, interactive services, tutorials and more are available 24 hours a day. Subscribers can also take advantage of web-based SKF e-Learning training courses. SKF Product Support Plan holders will be given a promo code to activate the subscription. After registering with skf.com, simply click on the link that will be provided in an e-mail and enter your promo code upon checkout. For more information about what the SKF Knowledge Centre has to offer, go to the Knowledge Centre.
For more information
Request a quote by emailing: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Aruba Networks has unveiled new WLAN access points and software, expanding its Aruba Instant product line of easy-to-deploy Wi-Fi networks, and retargeting them for small and midsize businesses.
"Wi-Fi client surge forcing fresh wireless LAN thinking"
The new products are aimed at improving Wi-Fi capacity, security, and management for the SMB market, which typically lacks the dedicated IT staff of big companies. All three areas are being pressured by the influx of more Wi-Fi enabled devices, including smartphones and tablets owned by employees.
Aruba also announced a distribution deal with Synnex, which will offer Aruba's full product portfolio to its value-added resellers, which target this market segment.
Aruba Instant (AI) was introduced six months ago to simplify dramatically Wi-Fi networking for branch office and remote office Wi-Fi networks. But SMB customers, even when not highly diversified geographically also benefit from Aruba Instant's architecture and features. The traditional Aruba controller box now becomes a software program running on an Aruba Instant access point. That access point becomes the controller for up to 15 others, which can form a mesh network based on Aruba's mesh software. The WLAN can be managed via Aruba's AirWave management application.
There are no ongoing service fees, licensing fees or management appliances.
The new IA access points were announced originally last March as new high-end products in the company's enterprise line. Now, with the IA software, they boost capacity for the IA line. The new devices are the IA-134 and IA-135. Each has two 802.11n radios, each supporting three data streams, in a 3x3 MIMO configuration. Adding the third stream, boosts the maximum data rate for the access point to 450Mbps. Each radio can run on either the 2.4 or 5 GHz bands. The difference between the two new devices is that one also has external ports for attaching directional antennas.
Both are priced at $1,295, and will ship in December. The complete IA product line starts as low as $395, with the existing IA-92 and -93 models; the differing access points vary in the number of radios and data streams.
For the IA product line, Aruba turned many of the configuration options into standard default settings. Users typically need little or no IT support as they follow directions from a wizard program to accept the defaults (which can be customized later if desired or needed). The access points can automatically discover their "virtual controller," and download their configurations, including 802.1X authentication, and role- and policy-based permissions. An IA access point can be operational in as little as three minutes, according to Aruba.
One IA customer is Mimeo.com, which specializes in on-demand document printing and distribution. The New Jersey-based company shipped nine IA access points to one site in southern California, where the store manager and another employee had a full-fledge WLAN up and running in about an hour.
The newest version of the ArubaOS software for the access points now integrates Aruba's Amigopod software, which lets not only guests but employee-owned Wi-Fi devices like iPads to register themselves on the Wi-Fi network and then be outfitted with specific access permissions. Also new is the AI network's ability to detect and then block rogue access points.
John Cox covers wireless networking and mobile computing for Network World.
Twitter: http://twitter.com/johnwcoxnww
Read more about anti-malware in Network World's Anti-malware section.


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|Wear to Work Dresses - Women's Fashion Auctions on eBay: Guide to Women's Fashion on eBay by Apparel Search
|Women's Dresses on eBay Women's Dresses Women's Fashion on eBay Women's Clothing on eBay Fashion Apparel Clothing Apparel Auctions Clothing at eBay Shop Clothing Designer Fashion Brands Women's Fashion Women's Clothes Women's Apparel Clothing Auctions eBay Shopping Women's Clothing Women's Clothing Stores
In this section of the Apparel Search fashion guide, you will find information regarding women's fashion sold on eBay. More specifically, this section will help you learn more about Wear to Work Dresses.
Speaking of work, are you looking for a new job?
We hope that this section has helped you learn more about women's fashion on eBay. If you would like to view additional dress styles, you may want to try the dress guide below.


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triggerfishcorp necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 115 diseños de 16 diseñadores freelance.
St. Joseph Missouri Economic Development
The St. Joseph Missouri Economic Development initiative is focused on
the growth of St. Joseph's economic base through the attraction of new
jobs and capital investment. The initiative works to facilitate the
success and expansion of businesses in St. Joseph and to recruit and
encourage new companies to locate in St. Joseph. We provide
informational and technical assistance, and economic development
incentive packages, to companies seeking to create new quality jobs,
invest, grow, and locate in St. Joseph.
Key sectors of business in our region include:
• Life sciences particularly in the area of
animal health pharmaceuticals and nutrition
• Ag Science
• Skilled Manufacturing
• Food processing
• Transportation and Logistics
• Distribution and Warehousing
• Industry
• Corporate Offices and back office operations
• Site Selectors (Individuals looking into various communities in which to relocate companies)
• Company Executives
• Industrial and Commercial Real Estate Brokers and
St. Joseph is the central point of many of these business sectors and our logo should reflect that centrality
• Communicate who we are, and who we cater to, in a simple and memorable way
• Include a unique symbol that could also be set apart from the brand name and still communicate
• who we are
• Sleek, modern and professional design
• Two colors maximum (your choice)
• Variations in black & white (optional, but encouraged)
• Landscape layout suitable for signage, stationery and website
• 100% vector art delivered in AI and/or EPS format(s)
• NO stock photography or clip art
• NO script-style fonts
• NO images/maps of Missouri or the region
• NO cliche references to the city's history (cowboys, old western, pony express, etc.)
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


text:
Search Maps
MapThe county of Bay, Michigan : maps, history, illustrations and statistics.
Atlas of Bay County LeGear. Atlases of the United States, 4962 Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image. Includes indexes, brief history of Bay County, and brief biographies and portraits of early Bay County residents. LC copy imperfect: Liquid staining to lower portion of all pages. Ill. pasted on p. [3] and county statistics pasted on p. [5]. Vendor: John Carbonell (eBay...
- Contributor: D.A. Bullock & Co.
- Date: 1896
View 55 Images


text: DF New denture comfort food! I'm on day no. 2 of my dentures, and discovered a great food that seems to work very well with the tentativeness of eating with these thi... Dentureliving FAQ, 7 years ago Last reply: Jenny, 2 years ago 13 13 me toos 52 52 replies Question Answered


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Jump to navigation
Contact Us
Homeopathy is a natural, holistic, complimentary or alternative therapy for men, women and children.
Homeopathy may look like a herbal therapy because homeopathic remedies can be made from herbs, however, the remedies are also made from many other substances. Homeopathy may also be confused with naturopathy, but as with herbal therapy, they are actually two completely different therapeutic systems with very different methods of prescribing. Homeopathy treats the individual person and their unique expression of symptoms. To be effective, the remedy chosen must match the person's symptoms and general state.
Symptoms can be visible or unseen, internal or external, physical, mental or emotional; all of these can be addressed using a therapeutic agent (homeopathic remedy) which has been known to cause these same symptoms.For example the onion, which we all know can cause runny nose and sore and watery eyes, when made into a homeopathic remedy, (called Allium cepa), may be used to relieve hay fever and cold symptoms which have runny nose and sore, watery eyes.
If you wish to support The New Zealand Homœopathic Society in our endeavours to promote and support homeopathy nationwide, your donation will be much appreciated and put to good use.
Donate Now
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Cold Weather Charging Until the Timer/App Arrives
Cold Weather Charging Until the Timer/App Arrives
Good question for the Tesla " scientists"! I wouldn't rely on the forum format. You paid $100000 for this car and its a brilliant question!
Since you aren't getting far into Range, it's fine. It's the absolute total that counts, not what it's called.
Suggest a minor change to your arithmetic: target having the car "Full" a little AFTER to plan to pick it up. That way it's got no chance to cool off.
typo: a little AFTER you plan ...
While I applaud your creativity I think pressuring Tesla to fix their charging software would be more fruitful. Perhaps an email campaign.
I'm trying same approach tonight, went to 15amps. it may not be slow enough, will see in the am.
Given. This is pure stopgap till the promised timing control is in place.
The new app includes a battery pre-heat function in addition to cabin pre-conditioning. You will target having the car "full" a little BEFORE you plan to pick it up. It will already be warm.
@Robert22 - are you a beta tester of the mobile app?
No, not a beta tester, but had a brief conversation with headquarters tonight. Some non-revelatory info I've yet to come across (Disclaimer: not enough time to read every post so apologies if I'm repeating):
1. The rollout of 4.2 is indeed batched but not random. Location and climate are factors as are other parameters which makes a lot of sense (VIN # is not one of them). Rollout starts small and gets larger over time if the update is found to be stable. Server capacity is not expected to be an issue going forward. The goal is to eventually distribute just like an iPhone update.
2. Fix for those with a condensation issue will not be time-limited. Plenty of time to assess whether this constitutes a problem or not for each individual owner.
3. Only the senior level people really know when the app is coming. I've seen a post suggesting March which is probably later than currently expected but no way to confirm, think Apple. The battery pre-heat function will be great in northern climates. Today I got my first regen disabled alert and my dashed restriction line jumped from green to orange side i.e. until the battery pack warmed up, it capped the amount of energy available to me.
I'm finding that with this car I don't drive it, I vote. The car then decides what it will allow me to do ;)
It's better to target the charge ending a little AFTER you plan to pick it up. Using the screen to End Charging ensures the battery is power-heated right up to the end.
Just a reminder that Tesla has indicated that you're not actually losing charge in the cold climate (aside from the standard vampire load issue). They've said that their range calculation algotithm currently assumes the battery will stay cold and bases the project range on that, but that within 10-20 min of starting to drive your projected range should actually INCREASE as the battery warms and the algorithm begins to reflect reality.
...also that there will be update to that calculation in some upcoming version update.
As riceudude notes, with a cold battery, some of your miles are temporarily put on ice.
Or not ... :p
I had pretty good results from the slow charging last night. Guessing it finished within an hour of when I checked it this morning (about 15F) and it was at 238 or pretty much at full range of the 90% charge. So to be sure I set the charge to max to allow to to continue while I ate breakfast and it added 2 more miles to 240. I had regen from the start today which was nice. so I think it proves the that that approach does work and can be a stopgap until the scheduling software is available.
Here is the reply to my inquiry to Ted M., who is a Product Planner at TM:
Regen is limited or disabled when the battery is cold because charging a cold battery places increased wear on the battery cells. Similarly, if you were to connect the car to a power source when the battery is cold, the battery will begin a preheat cycle before charging is initiated. When regen is limited, drivers see a dashed yellow line on in the regen portion of the power meter to the left of the speedometer. It's likely that you'll also see a dashed yellow line on the power portion of the scale, as power is also limited when the battery is cold. As battery temp incases, the dashed line will move toward the maximum values of each scale then eventually disappear. That said, it's not explicitly stated anywhere on the vehicle or in the owners documents, what these dashed lines imply. I will suggest that we implement a "regen temporarily disabled" telltale light for the instrument cluster as we had for Roadster.
A future software release will introduce a full schedule for your Model S including timed charging, ready times and perhaps even vehicle behavior settings based on ambient temperature, calendar dates or other factors. Since the mobile app is not yet available, reducing charge current to finish charging just before planned use is the easiest way to ensure the battery is at operating temperature when you want to use it. As you mention, it is slightly less efficient, since chargers are most efficient at their max capacity, but less active cooling is needed at lower current charging so there's a tradeoff.
So I thanked him and politely asked if there was an ETA for the software update and mobile app. I'll post his reply.
Excellent! You can avoid the last fiddle by timing to finish AFTER you need it so it's still in progress at that time.
Actually, that's not recommended for reasons that should become clear shortly.
Cutting off charging from the screen is not a problem, AFAIK. What reasons could there be? If you charge 250 out of (say) 270 maximum normal full charge, the only issue is how much you need. For daily commutes, few come even close to that distance.
@Robert22 - what do you mean?
The slow charging sounds like a great idea until the mobile app comes out. My car's energy spikes for about 10 minutes in the morning trying to warm up. I'd love to eliminate that.
@Robert22, why do you feel slow charging would not be recommended?
@noel.smyth, You are somewhere from the Philly area? I am in Malvern.
Yes, this is a stopgap technique. Though there might be times you want the car to be drawing steady shore power rather than leaving it up to the car's algorithms to decide when to start bingeing!
@Tony - I am in Havertown, good to see another one in PA!
Here's the good news from Ted M., a Product Planner at TM:
1) The mobile app will be available within two weeks
2) It will allow you to precondition the battery and cabin whether the car is plugged-in or not.
3) That's going to allow you to get into a warm car, get realistic range calcs, and regen immediately.
4) The energy use for #2 is the same whether you precondition or get into a cold car with a cold battery, unless you precondition for too long or your next drive is too short for those events to complete. Hopefully the Ready Time feature is smart enough to figure out how to minimize the energy used so things are good-to-go just before you get in.
Woo Hoo! Thanks to the forum posters for getting this on TM's radar!
Super B! Next, an AI app that uses GPS and temperature to learn/figure/remember whether you will want preconditioning tonight, and when it should complete, and ...
@Getting Amped
Did you get a sense of whether these features will be available only through use of the app, or whether they will be added to the car's software? It would be odd if something like this could not be done from the car itself.
I get the sense that they will be added to the car software also:
A future software release will introduce a full schedule for your Model S including timed charging, ready times and perhaps even vehicle behavior settings based on ambient temperature, calendar dates or other factors. Since the mobile app is not yet available, reducing charge current to finish charging just before planned use is the easiest way to ensure the battery is at operating temperature when you want to use it.
And when I asked when these things will be available:
The mobile apps will be released in the next 2 weeks. They can be downloaded from their respective app stores (Apple App store and Android store). Timed charging will come in the next software release but I'm afraid I can't be more specific.
I believe he's using the term "software release" to refer to the car OTA updates.
I agree, not everyone has a phone that runs apps. Maybe there should be a Windows program for PC's and a MAC version too? It might be nice to set all this up without sitting in the car while in the garage.
Now that the phone app has been out for a while, does turning on the environmental controls also pre-condition the battery? I still see little or no regen when I first start off on a cold morning. (but I haven't tried pre-heating the car more than 10mins ahead of time). What are others experiences? Or has this been confirmed to not be part of the app yet?


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Craig Smith scored the lone goal in the shootout and Pekka Rinne stopped all three San Jose attempts to help the Nashville Predators hand the Sharks their first loss of the season, 2-1 on Saturday night.
Sergei Kostitsyn scored his first goal of the season to break a scoreless tie in the opening minute of the third period. Rinne made 26 saves through overtime and led the Predators to their second straight shootout win after they lost their first three this season.
Marty Havlat made up for a premature celebration that cost San Jose a goal by scoring the equalizer on the power play with 6:21 remaining in regulation.
But the Sharks were unable to get the next goal and missed a chance at their eighth straight victory to tie for the third longest season-opening winning streak in NHL history.
Smith beat Antti Niemi with a backhand in the second round of the shootout, ending a stretch of six straight shootout stops by Niemi. The Predators got the win when Rinne stopped Joe Pavelski on the next attempt.
The Predators got on the board after Colin Wilson intercepted Brad Stuart's soft clearing attempt up the boards. With two Sharks closing in on him, Wilson slid a pass to Kostitsyn, who beat Niemi with a wrister on just his fifth shot this season.
But Havlat made up for his earlier mistake after the Predators took a penalty for too many men on the ice. Scott Gomez got Havlat the puck after a turnover, and Havlat beat Rinne off the backhand for his third goal. That ended a drought of 14 power plays without a goal for San Jose.
The first two periods featured 32 shots, eight power plays, and one goal celebration but no goals as Havlat's blunder cost the Sharks one.
The mistake came midway through the second period after Ryane Clowe's shot from the circle trickled past Rinne and hit the post before settling near the goal line. Havlat came in alone and easily could have tapped the puck into the empty net had he not raised his arms in celebration. By the time Havlat realized his mistake, he was not in position to tap in the puck, much to his disappointment.
That was by far the best scoring chance for either team as the power plays for the most part failed to generate quality chances. San Jose had one strong flurry with the man advantage, shortly before Havlat's mistake, but Rinne stopped Patrick Marleau and Pavelski from in close on rebound attempts.
Each team failed on four power-play chances in the first two periods, with the Predators extending their drought with the man advantage to 16 straight chances. The Sharks, who had 12 power-play goals in the first five games, missed on their first four chances before striking in the third period.
NOTES: The Sharks failed to score first for the first time since the season opener in Calgary. ... Predators F Martin Erat didn't play after leaving practice on Friday when he was hit in the skate with a puck. ... D Jonathon Blum made his first appearance of the season for Nashville. ... D Jason Demers made his season debut for the Sharks after missing seven games because of a wrist injury sustained during the lockout. Rookie D Matt Irwin was scratched.


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Computer Science Journals (CSC Journals) invites researchers, editors, scientists & scholars to publish their scientific research papers in an International Journal of Engineering (IJE) Volume 6, Issue 5.
International Journal of Engineering (IJE) is devoted in assimilating publications that document development and research results within the broad spectrum of subfields in the engineering sciences. The journal intends to disseminate knowledge in the various disciplines of the engineering field from theoretical, practical and analytical research to physical implications and theoretical or quantitative discussion intended for both academic and industrial progress.
Our intended audiences comprises of scientists, researchers, mathematicians, practicing engineers, among others working in Engineering and welcome them to exchange and share their expertise in their particular disciplines. We also encourage articles, interdisciplinary in nature.
CSC Journals anticipate and invite papers on any of the following topics:
Aerospace Engineering Fluid Engineering
Agricultural Engineering
Geotechnical Engineering
Biomedical Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Manufacturing Engineering
Civil & Structural Engineering
Materials & Technology Engineering
Computer Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Control Systems Engineering
Mineral & Mining Engineering
Education Engineering
Nuclear Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Optical Engineering
Electronic Engineering
Petroleum Engineering
Engineering Mathematics
Robotics & Automation Engineering
Engineering Science
Telecommunications Engineering
Environmental Engineering
Important Dates - IJE CFP - Volume 6, Issue 5.
Paper Submission: July 31, 2012
Author Notification: September 15, 2012
Issue Publication: October, 2012
For complete details about IJE archives publications, abstracting/indexing, editorial board and other important information, please refer to IJE homepage
We look forward to receive your valuable papers. If you have further questions please do not hesitate to contact us at email@example.com. Our team is committed to provide a quick and supportive service throughout the publication process.
A complete list of journals can be found at http://www.cscjournals.org/csc/bysubject.php


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By Stephanie Angalet, CFCA sponsor
This year I once again had the privilege to travel to Guatemala on one of the CFCA mission awareness trips. This trip was incredibly special because I was able to meet each one of the young ladies I sponsor in Guatemala.
Guatemala is a beautiful country and the people of Guatemala are beautiful people, both inside and out. I never cease to be amazed by the smiles on each person's face, even though I know some of the difficulties they face each day.
The trip began with a great itinerary coordinated by the CFCA-Guatemala staff members. I am continually amazed at the wonderful job that the CFCA staff does in hosting these trips and making us feel at home in our "home away from home."
We were well taken care of and had the opportunity to learn more about the work that CFCA does day in and day out.
It makes me appreciate all the blessings I have in my own life and that what might seem like a small monthly contribution is really life changing for those children and youth that I sponsor.
The best part of the trip is, of course, getting to meet the children/youth whom I sponsor.
I had the opportunity to meet several of my sponsored friends during the group visit day.
After writing letters and receiving letters, it is a fantastic experience to meet everyone in person and to also meet the families. To see their smiles, and share hugs all around is such a memorable experience.
The highlight of the trip was when I realized how much these young ladies look up to me and that I can make a positive impact in their lives.
A few words of encouragement and support here and there can make such a difference in the lives of my sponsored friends. Because of that I feel so blessed to have the opportunity to be a sponsor.
Thank you, CFCA, for the work that you do and letting me be a small part of the CFCA family.


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The Most Professional Shoplifters: Married Couple Make Shoplifting Confessions On Dr. Phil Show! (Made Over $1 Million By Shoplifting)[Full Episode]
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Andrew Young On Sullivan Summit
[International: Sullivan Summit]
[International: Sullivan Summit]
On June 2nd, 2008 Africans at Home and abroad will descend on
This tradition as laid out in the mission of the Leon Sullivan Foundation is a commitment to self-help, economic empowerment, human rights and corporate social responsibility.
Founded in 2001 following Dr. Sullivan's death the Africa-African American Summit as it was previously referred to, brings together the world's political and business leaders, delegates representing civil society organizations, and members of academic institutions in order to focus attention and resources on African economics and social development.
I recently had the privilege to speak to the Foundation's Chairman, Mr. Andrew Young.
Mr. Young has been a strong advocate for the African continent and its visibility and sustainability especially as it concerns more and more of the Diaspora developing a relationship with their mother continent in order to cultivate a productive future both socially and economically.
Ambassador Young noted that this would be a wonderful opportunity for entrepreneurs as it would serve as an investment for their future. He sees the future as being very bright with regards to relations with
He says that any of us who are interested in the market of the future will have to do business with
Culturally the
This year the summit is set to take place in the beautiful haven of
This summit has had a tremendous impact on past attendees, of course due to its bridging the Gap between the Diaspora and the continent. Attendees have been able to further their careers and develop new opportunities for business with African. Others have been inspired to incorporate more service learning by joining such organizations as the Peace Corps.
I am certain that any of us who can make it to this Summit will be forever changed and greatly moved at the beauty, culture and opportunity that Africa has to offer, as Young stated, once you have been to Africa and experienced it for yourself, "It's hard to get it out of your system."
Some of the core industries and missions that will be focused on during the conference are as follows:
[] To attract investment in manufacturing, agriculture and tourism
[] To advance physical and business infrastructure, especially electrification
[] To promote the tourism and hostility sector as an engine of economic growth
[] To advocate for the environment as an integral part of
"Get acquainted with
The cost of the summit is $4,495.00 which includes airfare, hotel and all meals and events.
To learn more about the
To comment, to subscribe to or advertise in New York's leading Pan African weekly investigative newspaper, please call (212) 481-7745 or send a note to email@example.com
Also visit out sister publications Harlem Business News www.harlembusinessnews.com publications and The Groove Music magazine www.thegroovemag.com
"Speaking Truth To Power."
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I think you have "Filtered HTML" turned on here. If you switch to "Full HTML," it will probably...


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Washington D.C., Oct 17, 2012 / 02:05 pm MT ().- In an election year that continues to be dominated by economic concerns, one public policy analyst believes that social issues could still play an important role in November.
"The race became much more tightly competitive" after the first presidential debate, said Dr. Mark J. Rozell, professor of public policy at George Mason University.
He explained to CNA on Oct. 17 that a close race could mean that social issues such as abortion and the federal contraception mandate might end up being more influential in the presidential election than they otherwise would.
On Oct. 16, President Barack Obama and former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney met at Hofstra University in Hempstead, N.Y. for the second of three presidential debates in the 2012 campaign.
The town hall format yielded heated exchanges between the candidates on topics ranging from gun control to the death of Ambassador J. Christopher Stevens in a Sept. 11 attack on the U.S. Consulate in Benghazi, Libya.
As in the first debate, the economy and jobs were key issues of discussion. Moral issues such as gay marriage and abortion were largely absent, with the candidates just briefly discussing the contraception mandate that has alarmed religious freedom advocates and drawn lawsuits from more than 100 plaintiffs of various religious backgrounds.
High levels of unemployment and a struggling economy have consistently played a large role in what has become a tight presidential race.
"On the whole, Catholics are concerned about jobs and the economy right now, just like other Americans," Rozell said.
However, he acknowledged, "for some Catholic voters, the social issues are paramount," even in an election dominated by economic issues.
These voters tend to be traditional and conservative, and the contraceptive mandate is a very important issue for many of them, he said. And while many of these voters would likely have voted conservative anyway, opposition to the mandate could be intensifying their efforts to raise support.
"In what is expected to be a very close election this year, that means that these social issues do matter," even if these matters are ranked as being less important than economic issues in national polls, Rozell explained.
In recent decades, the Catholic vote has come to be seen as a predictor in the general election, since the candidate who captures the Catholic electorate nearly always wins the race.
"There is no distinctively Catholic vote anymore," Rozell said. Rather, Catholics – who make up one-fourth of the electorate in a presidential race – tend to reflect the general voting population.
In this race, he observed, the presence of two Catholic vice presidential candidates "neutralizes religious identity as a factor," counteracting the tendency to vote on a candidate specifically based on religious affiliation.
It is religious participation rather than religious identity that is more closely associated with differences in voting behavior, Rozell explained. Those who attend church regularly are more likely to vote for conservative candidates, while those who attend church less frequently are more likely to vote for liberal candidates.
"I think it comes down to the traditional divisions" within the Catholic community, he stated.
In the final three weeks before the election, Rozell said that the most important remaining factors are "people's perceptions of the economy," as well as the candidates' performance in the third debate, which will be a last impression for many voters.
Although the final debate will focus on foreign policy, viewers should not be surprised to see both candidates tying domestic issues into their discussions, he said.
The last presidential debate will be held Oct. 22 at Lynn University in Boca Raton, Fla.
Tags: Religious freedom, 2012 election, Catholic vote
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As far as wine tastings go, this one ranks near the top of the list. I would recommend a trip to Goldeneye Vineyards to anyone who visits the Mendocino Coast
Without doubt, the 63,000 fans who gather together at the beautifully refurbished stadium to watch the Golden Bears play football will be delighted by the multitude of modern enhancements
As I left the concert hall, I felt somehow emotionally drained. It was as though I had just seen the ghosts of the Beatles in their prime and accompanied by world-class musicians. It's a performance I would like to be able to attend again and again
Our dinner at Farmstead was a wonderful experience. The food was creative, delicious and attractively served, the service was beyond compare, and the setting was completely idyllic
Silver Oak is an excellent stop for wine lovers and for tourists who want to experience great California wines and learn about the wine-making process


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Conspiracy - Back Down (Halloween Special) [North London Unsigned Hype]
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Residential And Commercial Roofing Contractors
Serving all of Chesapeake, Virginia
Aquashield Roofing offers free estimates in Chesapeake, VA
From months of cold and ice to hot, very humid conditions, Chesapeake, VA residential and commercial roofs are subjected to extreme conditions and shifts in seasonal weather. These constant changes can wreak havoc on a any roof system and, over time, the need for an experienced roofer and professional Chesapeake, VA residential roofing company that has a tremendously outstanding reputation built on trust who is an expert in leaky roof repair and new roof replacement.
The roofing contractors at Aquashield Roofing provide the best Chesapeake, Virginia commercial roofing maintenance and repair, Chesapeake, VA roof waterproofing, and also residential new roof installations. We offer supreme quality roofing repair services and reroofing services all over the Hampton Roads reign. Our professional Chesapeake, VA commercial flat roof experts use the highest quality construction materials, including EPDM rubber roofing, GAF roofing products, and TPO roofing systems, to install a high quality flat roof or shingle roof guaranteed to last through years of strong wind and exposure to damaging UV rays. Our Chesapeake, Virginia roofers have been trained by only the best most experienced construction engineers in the business.
Chesapeake, Virginia Residential Shingle Roof Repair Services
Commercial Flat Roof Maintenance And Leak Repair Near Chesapeake, Virginia
The Chesapeake, VA commercial roofing contractors from Aquashield Roofing offer superb shingle and flat roof maintenance and repair services for residential homeowners and commercial businesses all around the Tidewater district. Our Chesapeake, VA residential roofing and commercial flat roof maintenance services consist of:
- Full roof inspections and evaluations
- Estimates are always free in Chesapeake, Virginia
- Reflash skylights, walls or chimneys
- Replace rotten wood
- Fixing any bent, rusted, or damaged flashing
- Replace pipe collar vents
- Replace old power fans or install a ridge vent system for proper ventilation
- Tear-out valleys and reinstall properly with Ice-water shield self-adhered membrane
- Tear-out and replace old delaminated fire treated wood and replace with flame block FTP
- Removing accumulated debris around drains and scuppers to allow proper drainage
- Repairing holes and rips in damages shingles or low sloped roof membranes
- Preserve and protect with a quality roof coating system
We use only high quality roofing materials to ensure a long lasting, high quality roof on your home or place of business. Our good roofers can help solve any roof problem that you may have on your home.
Some of our materials that we use are:
Residential Roofing Systems Chesapeake, VA
We only use GAF products for residential homes. Because of the economic advantage along with a lifetime of efficiency the most common shingle product that we install is GAF Timberline architectural shingles. We install your GAF roof as a system by following the manufactures specifications and also installing any accessories that maybe needed such as Cobra Ridgevent, Weather Watch or GAF Shingle-Mate felt paper underlayment. In some cases we will upgrade and install Deck Armor protective underlayment.
Commercial Roofing Systems Chesapeake, VA
On almost all flat or low sloped roof structures we only install the best most durable TPO roofing membrane such as Versico TPO or Firestone TPO fully adhered roofing membranes. TPO is an environmentally friendly long lasting commercial roofing system. TPO is 90% recyclable and has a energy star rating because of its strong reflectivity.
EPDM rubber roofing is another great roofing membrane that could be closer to your budget. If it is installed properly it will stay impervious to water or moisture. Many times, most EPDM rubber roof fail because of poor installation standers. At Aquashield Roofing our roofers are trained to install roofs the right way and they have completed multiple projects in the Chesapeake area.
Roof Repairs or New Roof Replacements
Water damage is one of the most expensive repair problems a homeowner or building owner can face. Commercial or residential property owners can avoid any water intrusion issues by contacting the most trusted Virginia roofers that offer quality waterproofing, roof Inspections, storm damage repair, roof leak repairs, new roof replacements and Integrity along with a great deal of pride is also included. Our expert waterproofing specialists will install a high strength, wind resistant, long lasting shingle roof or a puncture resistant membrane system designed for a lifetime of dry ceilings and leak-proof roofing.
Whether you want to install a completely new waterproof roofing system or simply repair leaks and raise ponding areas, trust in the skills and knowledge of Aquashield Roofing to get the job done right.
Our Chesapeake, VA roofing only hires and maintains a staff of roofers that care about the work they do. This separates us from other roofing contractors in Chesapeake, VA.
A Quality Roof Repair From Aquashield Roofing Will Ensure A Long-Lasting Roof in Chesapeake
The experienced roofers at Aquashield Roofing realize a one size fits all approach is often not the answer to your roofing issues. With a unique dedication to providing customized solutions to each and every customer, the roofing team views each roof as if it were their own. This experienced crew of roofers is always researching the newest methods, techniques, and technological advancements to ensure long-lasting roofs. Trust the roofing experts at Aquashield Roofing to deliver the very best in commercial and residential roofing repair and installation services in Chesapeake, Virginia. We are a roofing contractor that cares about our customers and the work that we do. There are many roofing companies in Chesapeake, Virginia offering roof repair and roof replacement services but we operate differently than most and we can provide you with a quality job for an unbeatable price.
If the roof of your Chesapeake, VA home or office is getting old and worn you may suspect that need some repairs done, waterproofing services, or a thorough and professional expert inspection, contact the best Chesapeake roofing contractors in Chesapeake: Aquashield Roofing company. We are always here to lend a hand and help out.
The Most Trusted Chesapeake, Virginia Roofing Company
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ROCHESTER — Enjoy a fantastic evening of non-stop entertainment and holiday cheer, when the Rochester Opera House presents Celebrity Waiter Holiday Dinner Theatre on Saturday, Dec. 1. The theatre is decked out for the holidays with cocktail seating for a rousing Broadway Variety show with a catered dinner served by community "celebrities"… including Rochester Mayor T.J. Jean. Since waiters are competing for the most tips, your every wish is their command. Expect lots of laughs, audience participation and surprises. Don't miss out on the fun!
The Celebrity Waiter Holiday Dinner Theatre fundraising event is a great way to enjoy the holidays with friends and family, while supporting the arts at the historic Rochester Opera House.
Doors open at 6 p.m. and cocktail hour is from 6-7 p.m. Dinner is 7-8 p.m. and the show begins at 8 p.m. Tickets are $60 per person or $400 for a table for 8.
Reserve tickets (limited) at the ROH Box Office (603) 335-1992 on Mondays, Wednesdays or Fridays, from 10 a.m.-5 p.m. or reserve online at www.rochesteroperahouse.com. So that tables can be arranged to seat you and your party, call ahead to the box office to reserve your table(s).
Patrons under the age of 18 must be accompanied by an adult. This event is sponsored by Eastern Propane & Oil, Frisbie Memorial Hospital, Waste Management and Foster's Daily Democrat. Rochester Opera House is located in City Hall, 31 Wakefield St.


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O'Say Can You See PAC
Maryland Gov. Martin O'Malley's PAC sent out this photo to supporters of him signing a proclamation certifying the 2012 election results. That includes a ballot initiative that passed making same-sex marriage legal in the state.
Oh say, you can see the 2016 election.
Maryland Gov. Martin O'Malley (D) sent out a letter through his "O'Say Can You See PAC" (yes, that is its real name) touting his signing of a proclamation certifying the 2012 election results.
"This means that Maryland courthouses can now issue licenses to same-sex couples to get married starting in January 2013," O'Malley writes.
Following that is a large photo of O'Malley signing in his office.
He adds, "After months of hard work, we came together to pass a bill that treats everyone fairly and equally under the law while protecting religious freedom. We then became the first state ever to defend marriage equality at the ballot box. We still face tremendous challenges as a nation, but it is my sincere hope that we can come together to meet those challenges with greater respect for the dignity of every individual. Maryland, let's continue to move forward."
"Forward" was President Obama's 2012 campaign slogan. And there's a big, red "contribute" button at the bottom of the email.
O'Malley's term as governor is up in January 2015. He is thought to be mulling a bid for president in 2016.


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Transfer School:
Cornell University
Transfer Program:
Animal Science
JCC Program:
See Agreement Details
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Does not guarantee acceptance of JCC students. Provides a link to key foundation courses that competitive transfer candidates must have completed or have in progress at the time of their application. JCC courses that Cornell accepts as equivalent to its foundation courses are at cals.cornell.edu/admissions/apply/transfer/requirements/ under transfer agreements – Jamestown Community College. Lists grade point average and other requirements for application. Cornell University will accept up to 60 credits in transfer. (latest update 2014)


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Ramadan is over, goodbye boring jeans :)
Thirty something Mom-in-heels living a merely impractical life, shuttling between Dubai and the World. Fluent in Food, Travel & Style - in no particular order! Chasing adventures, one city at a time. Beginning with my home, the beautiful sandpit that is Dubai.
Death by Jeans
Posted by Majeigh Vartzbed at 2:32 PM
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