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About mockingbird
that's an excellent point.
further, there's a the posioned fruit concept where anything further that you would not have gotten if you had not broken the law in the first place is excluded as well.
which would probably leave not much of a case at all.
except, there will likely be arguments that they didn't break any US laws.. which would fall into areas like guantanamo, it's not here, we'r enot breaking US laws, that's someone elses prison, etc etc..
ie. the letter vs the spirit of the law, etc.
after all, we have to protect the children.
this is what happens when you're using 'dragon naturally speaking' to dictate a letter with two televisions on in the background.
I haven't heard the clip myself, but I wonder if the audio quality is good enough to be used in a song parody. :-)
and then if that goes viral (with further encana help in trying to quash it)... this could be great fun.
you are correct. a few years back there was a doctor in.. michigan or illinois (I think) that opened up a clinic and charged actually personally affordable rates.
the law stepped in because he was charging too little, and they forced him to change things.
he used to work at a hospital but saw the craziness and just wanted to help people.
bureaucracy and legislation get pretty crazy.
further, there are many govt hurdles to overcome to set up a hospital, both state and federal wise.
with the corruption in place, your 'reasonable' hospital might not even get approved by the powers that be.
or delayed with so many costs that it's easier to shut down.
couldn't youtube just block the audio?
not that that would be a good overall functional solution, but might be a temporary legal one.
otherwise, I thought music clips (shorter than X seconds) were generally acceptable, is that not the case in germany?
and, if there is someone talking over the music, or there is a car engine, does that not qualify as transformative work?
just wondering. :-)
meaning, is there a law that says cameras can't be present?
so, bring a camera.
if the court tries to remove the camera, claim first amendment reporters rights.
if they still ban the camera, well, there's a lawsuit right there.
which wil likely end up in the supreme court, and wuld either allow cameras from then on, or have to give an actual reason why it would be illegal to have a camera in a public setting, doing the publics business.
if there are any reporters present in the first place, who is to say what medium they can or can not use for their reporting?
stick to the law, I think.
I'd like to see the 'voice' vote option removed from congress and the senate, that is their version of anonymous voting, which they use for unpopular law. so it can pass, but you'll never know who ovted for it or against it.
but, that's the public money at work.
in the private sector, anonymous speech seems lie a natural right.
not sure how they can bann anonymous commenting if the first amendment starts with "congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of speech"... it doesn't follow up with "as long as the person speaking makes his address and name public, so we can track him down"...
in soviet russia,
happiness was mandatory,
no matter how miserable you were.
would like to see it more as an open text response, and do some word cloud analysis.
personally, I think the biggest safety threat is unemployment.
I think (but have no study to cite) that the more people working, the less crime there will be on the street.
other likely things to pop up from the open text word cloud might be things like 'drugs' 'drunk drivers' 'politicians' etc.. :-P
could a student then stamp a (c) on their paper and claim personal copyright and also effectively grant a limited license to the school, which would then have to pay to re-use the material?
"by accepting the submission of this term paper, the teacher and the organization they represent agree to the following..."
in which case the irs should get involved and figure out how to charge the school that is trying to avoid paying for health care, and the students for avoiding income tax.
that's about the same logic, I think.
I did a quick search on twitter, evidently journo (or variant thereof) is not an uncommon abbreviation for journalist.
as language changes, especially via txting and twitter, where words get abbreviated or merged, these terms tend to get adopted. wait a few years and you may see it officially added to a dictionary.
I'm guessing 'etcc' is a variation of 'etc etc', commonly used when I was much younger, but often changed to simply 'etc' a decade or so ago.
maybe as a compromise for 'etceteras' ...
overall, I'm less inclined to attack someones language as their ideas. it's the idea that is important.
if it's valid, it'll stand up under attack, if not it'll tend to crumple.
otherwise, attacking language is about as useful as calling someone names.
'einstien speaks funny' is a poor argument aimed at his theories. ;-)
so.. focus. :-)
I see this as the same as organizations that focus on police misconduct. the point is that the misconduct is bad, it doesn't detract from the erm.. proper beatings delivered by police, but there's a particular focus to not let abuse in the system be ignored because "1%" is perfectly acceptable.
except, it's not perfectly acceptable, and god forbid it's 10%. so, if you want to focus on correct actions by... police or correctly applied take down notices, feel free to start a site devoted to that.
I'm more interested in being aware of abuses of power, the twisting of logic, effectively keeping an eye on an ever more powerful and irrational legal body.


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Pages that link to "FireMake"
The following pages link to FireMake:View (previous 50 | next 50) (20 | 50 | 100 | 250 | 500)
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subset: commoncrawl


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Cooperation in Oregon Dunes NRA??
From Wildlands CPR website:
A Packed 24 Hours in the Oregon Dunes
Created by Sarah Peters on March 21, 2012
Well, this past weekend brought an action-packed overnight trip to the Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area, and the beginning of what I hope is a successful partnership to work on Dunes restoration. The Oregon Dunes stretch along the central Oregon coast from just south of Florence to just north of Coos Bay (about 40 miles), and provide amazing recreation opportunities and breathtaking scenery.
After watching my alma mater Indiana University pull out a victory and make it to the Sweet Sixteen (Go Hoosiers!), I started off on my adventure near dusk, parking at my favorite trailhead in the Dunes, launching my backpack onto my back, and hiking in to find an overnight resting spot. I made it in time to set up my tent and enjoy the sunset, perched up in the heart of one of the nonmotorized sections of the Dunes.
View of the Pacific Ocean from my campsite in the nonmotorized section of the Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area (notice the beachgrass taking hold in the open sand).
It still gets dark relatively early, and so there was plenty of tent time for reading, listening to the frogs serenade me, and some star gazing that was simply amazing. Of course, being that it is still winter on the Oregon Coast, I awoke around 3 am to strong winds and driving rain (possibly sleet) and sand. Luckily, my book was still handy, I was in my 5 degree sleeping bag, and my tent held up, so a few hours later, when the world around me settled down, I drifted back to sleep.
Dawn brought a lull in the rain/snow mixture just long enough for me to pack up and get started hiking out. And a short time later I was on my way south, heading to meet with Jody, from Save the Riders Dunes. Over coffee and breakfast, the sun came out and we talked about life and our mutual love of the Oregon Dunes. Jody is one of the nicest folks I've met in a while and has been recreating, both in vehicles and on foot, in the Dunes almost his entire life. It was great to get his perspective, and find that we do have lots in common.
Now for a confession. After breakfast, we headed to Riley Ranch to meet up with some other folks from Save the Riders Dunes, and via the newly opened Riley Ranch access route our group of a full size pickup, a three wheeler, two side by side UTVs, and several more four wheelers, made our way into the Dunes. This was my first time visiting the Dunes via motor, and thankfully Jody did all the driving in his pickup. He is an excellent driver, and I learned a lot both about how the Dunes move and about the history of the area. I also have to admit that though I enjoyed the company immensely, and I'd go again so long as Jody is driving, I'd still much rather be on my own two feet (sorry Jody!).
Part of our group riding in a portion of the Oregon Dunes open to cross country motor vehicle use.
After exploring the open dunes, and some of the nearby trails, by vehicle, we headed over to park near Spinreel Campground for my favorite part of the day. We hiked over the foredune and onto the beach, enjoying a gentle breeze and sunshine. Our destination was Tenmile Creek, an area where, years ago, the Forest Service did beach grass removal on the foredunes and created some of the best snowy plover habitat that exists on the Oregon Dunes.
Western snowy plover near Tenmile Creek in the Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area.
This is what we had been talking all day about - removal of nonnative and highly invasive european beachgrass and restoration of the Dunes ecosystem, both for the plovers and for the riders. It was encouraging to see the plovers running around in the debris and beginning the process of mating and nesting. Just as it had been good for me to be with the riders as they enjoyed a beautiful, sunny day on the Oregon Dunes.
Heres to hoping that Jody and I and the other folks who are passionate about the Dunes can continue on common ground as we take the next step of working with the Forest Service to try to save this special place.
Lance Rowland (not verified)
Wed, 03/21/2012 - 13:27
Re: Working Together
My comment is to reinforce the fact that both motorized and non-motorized groups can, may and must achieve harmony together within the ODNRA. Open sand is self-healing, thanks to Mother Nature's breezes. The fact that the beachgrass is hampering this natural self-healing effect needs to be rectified prior to loosing our dunes as we know them now and retain them for future generations.
reply.Barbara Rowland (not verified)
Wed, 03/21/2012 - 13:30
It was great meeting you Sarah, glad you enjoyed your time with us and to come to a mutual connect of the dunes...we all love the Dunes..
reply.Sarah Peters
Fri, 03/23/2012 - 17:10
Thanks Barbara and Lance for your comments. It was definitely great to meet you both, and to get out on the Dunes with you, too.
reply.Dave Walters (not verified)
Sat, 03/24/2012 - 14:19
Sarah, I'm glad you were able to spent time with Lance and Barb! Their efforts in the Dunes make me smile. I grew up in Coos Bay, and have been in that sand since the late 50's. Rehabing those Dunes is a major project that needs to take place to return them to what they were 40 plus years ago. In other words, open sand! Please work with STRD to help this happen. You couldn't have better allies than the Rowlands.
reply.jim furnish (not verified)
Wed, 03/28/2012 - 15:34
your dunes trip
This item evoked many great memories. I was the Siuslaw Forest Supv (mid-90's) when we ensured the sanctity of the non-motorized recreation area you camped in. We also identified our highest priorities for beachgrass removal/plover habitat restoration. lt's wonderful to see that legacy working. The Dunes are truly a magical, unique area. Glad to see you at work down there!
From Save The Rider's Dunes Facebook wall:
A Monumental event happened 4/3/2012, STRD, Forest Service and enviromental Group Wildlands CPR, sat down together and had a meeting on preserving our beloved Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area..ODNRA..here is a summary....a letter that STRD president wrote about this historic event...
Yesterday, for the ...first time in the history of the Oregon Dunes, an environmental group; Wildlands CPR and an OHV group; Save the Riders Dunes (STRD) sat down with the Forest Service to discuss the future of the Oregon Dunes National Recreational Area (ODNRA). We all agreed we are losing the ODNRA to the unchecked growth of beach grass, scotch broom and shore pine. Restoration to open free flowing sand is our only hope to keep the ODNRA from certain death. All stake holders agreed that we can share the dunes. We also all agreed that we can work together and in doing so keep the areas most important to each of us healthy and manageable.
The ODNRA will never be open free flowing sand again. The area is too big and unwanted vegetation too widespread to eradicate it no matter how much money is available. The beach grass is just too tenacious. We need to focus our efforts of restoration on specific areas that will achieve 4 main objectives: Snowy Plover habitat, Open OHV areas, native plant communities and the visual beauty of the dunes themselves.
There were discussions on exactly how to accomplish these goals but first we need the organization and some basic knowledge to start the process. There needs to be two main groups initiated. One would be the stakeholders themselves. This would look similar to the 10C Work Group. Examples would be Enviros, OHV, USFS, BLM, Counties Corp of Engineers etc. The second group would be what is called the Ologist. (Biologist, Ecologist, and Botanist). They would begin to collect data like where is the native plant communities and where would be best to start foredune removal. We have set a goal to meet in mid-July time frame to keep the process moving. More information about who will be in the groups will be forthcoming.
We also need to look at creating an unbiased group like Friends of the Dunes or Friends of the ODNRA that can act as a non-profit to request grants and collect funds for restoration.
Specific to OHV are areas that are now open but heavily vegetated. In a few years there will be so much vegetation that we will not be able to ride there even though we are allowed to. The area just south of Spinreel and west of the open dunes is a good example. I call this area the hidden dunes. We must keep these areas designated 10B and OPEN. To do that we may have the ability to go in and pull shore pine, ride on beach grass and scotch broom. Basically restore these areas to open sand. It is a daunting task but we need to start somewhere.
All of us must thank Sarah Peters from Wildlands CPR for reaching across the aisle and be willing to work with us to restore the dunes. She came out a few weeks ago to meet STRD to get our side of the story. That took some serious courage to come into the enemys camp. We will all benefit. Together we will help the FS focus on the restoration of the ODNRA so all of us will have a say in how we can keep our riding areas open for future generations. For me personally that will always be my number one priority. In a few years I will see my Great-Grandchild riding a quad with me. Now that will bring tears to my eyes!
Thanks, Jody Phillips President, STRD
Dave Walters
Tri-Cities Peak Putters
Land Use Coordinator
WOHVA Board member
It's a Scout thing
Bio of W_CPR staff who wrote the above and is meeting with STRD:
Sarah Peters, Legal Liaison/Staff Attorney (Oregon)
Sarah has a JD from the University of Oregon School of Law and a BS in Environmental Science from Indiana University. Sarah graduated from UO Law with certificates in Environmental and Natural Resources Law, Public Interest Law, and Pro Bono Work and is a member of the State Bars of Colorado (inactive), Montana, and Oregon. Sarah is on the board of Cascadia Wildlands and Friends of Land Air Water, as well as a member of a Bureau of Land Management Eugene District Resource Advisory Council.
Dave Walters
Tri-Cities Peak Putters
Land Use Coordinator
WOHVA Board member
It's a Scout thing
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Obama's pushback on the 'better off' question
By most metrics, the "are you better off than you were four years ago" question plays heavily in President Obama's favor. Indeed, it's not even close – the economy was shrinking, now it's growing; the economy was hemorrhaging jobs, now it's adding jobs; the stock market was going down, now it's going up; the auto industry was collapsing, now it's thriving; etc.
But to borrow a line from Bill Clinton's DNC speech, too many people "do not feel it yet."
Hoping to change some minds, the Obama campaign unveiled a minute-long ad over the weekend on this very subject.
For those who can't watch clips online, the spot shows Mitt Romney arguing that we're not better off than we were in January 2009. The ad then shows the crises underway when Obama took office, and the transition to a healthier economy now.
The voiceover then looks ahead: "We're not there yet, but the real question is: whose plan is better for you? The President's plan asks millionaires to pay a little more to help invest in a strong middle class, clean energy, and cut the deficit. Mitt Romney's plan? A $250,000 tax break for multi-millionaires. Roll back regulations on the banks that cratered the economy, and raise taxes on the middle class."
Viewers then see Clinton say, "They want to go back to the same old policies that got us in trouble in the first place," and Obama conclude, "We're not going back, we are moving forward."
It's a spot that checks off a lot of boxes in 60 seconds – it points to economic progress; it reminds voters that they prefer Obama's agenda to Romney's, it connects Romney to the Bush-era debacles, and it connects Obama to Clinton, who, thanks in part to Romney, is the most popular political figure in America.
And perhaps most importantly, the spot concedes that the media and the public will not simply ignore the "better off" question, and that Team Obama has to present a compelling answer. This spot suggests they have a story worth telling.
There's ample evidence that Romney's advantage on the economy has slipped badly, and the point of an ad like this one is to further level the field. If you live in a battleground state, expect to hear this message quite a bit over the next 50 days.


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As 2012 comes to a close, we wanted to look back at some of our blog posts from throughout the year. Here at Southern Comfort Bed & Breakfast, we aim to bring you some of the most interesting and useful information regarding the potential places, people, and traditions to look out for when you visit the city. In case you missed any of our posts throughout the year—and especially if you're planning a visit to our fun city and sometime soon—here's a recap of some of our favorites.
Food and restaurants are one of our favorite aspects of New Orleans culture, and we featured plenty of both throughout the year. Green Goddess in Exchange Alley and the Delachaise down the street are two of our favorites. And could you tell we love oysters? Between the Louisiana Oyster Jubilee, charbroiled oysters, and our "Slurping Oysters" post, you can't miss our devotion to these delectable bivalves. We also shared some tips on where to find surprising local bar food and late-night dining options, which we also thought might be highly valuable to our guests.
We've covered a number of great venues and attractions around the city to visit, such as the Joy Theater's opening just before the earliest days of 2012. The Bellocq lounge, formerly Hotel Le Cirque, and the Southern Food and Beverage Museum covered the imbibing aspects of local culture while the U.S. Mint Jazz Museum, Jackson Barracks, Aquarium of the Americas, and Audubon Zoo took care of some of the more educational locales around the city.
We went through some of favorite holidays traditions, from Easter candies, Halloween, and Thanksgiving feasts to Christmas Reveillon dinners, 4th of July, and New Year's Eve. And who could miss our Mardi Gras-themed posts, including profiles of Al "Carnival Time" Johnson, Mardi Gras World, the Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club, and the infamous Bacchagator.
Finally, festivals are one of the city's favorite pastimes—and ours as well—so we highlighted plenty of them through this year. There were cultural classics from Soul Fest and Louisiana Swamp Fest at the Audubon Zoo to Satchmo Fest and Jazz Fest. We also shared some of the more food-centric fests like New Orleans Creole Tomato Fest, Louisiana Seafood Fest, and Crescent City Blues & BBQ Fest.
From all of us, we wish you a very, very happy new year, and we hope to see you in 2013!


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ROCHESTER, MN -- Exercise capacity, as measured in terms of VO2max, is a powerful predictor of death in patients with coronary artery disease, not just patients with heart failure, according to research presented at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2005 in Dallas by the Mayo Clinic.
"The best predictor of survival in cardiac patients is their capacity for exercise," said Thomas Allison, lead author of the study. "When we considered all of the measurable clinical variables -- such as whether they had bypass surgery or whether they have diabetes or high blood pressure -- the patient's capacity for exercise as measured by VO2max stood clear as the best predictor for 10-year survival."
In this study, the significance of low VO2max levels was examined in patients with coronary artery disease -- the top cause of death in the United States and often a precursor to a heart attack and heart failure.
A group of 282 patients, 17 percent of them women, underwent cardiopulmonary treadmill testing at the end of cardiac rehabilitation and were followed for an average of 9.8 years. The average age was 61 at the time of the test.
In the first two years there were few deaths, but after that mortality was significantly higher in patients with low VO2max. Fifty-five patients had a low VO2max (less than 18 ml/kg/min); at 10 years, almost half (42 percent) had died. Of the 227 patients who had a VO2max above or equal to 18 ml/kg/min, only 11.6 percent had died at the 10-year mark. Even after adjusting for age, sex and ventricular function, VO2max was a strong predictor of mortality.
The results confirm that poor functional capacity -- specifically a VO2max of less than 18 ml/kg/min -- is a major predictor of long-term mortality, even in a group of cardiac rehabilitation patients with good medical management, close follow-up and excellent short-term prognosis.
"This research suggests that physicians should strongly consider looking at VO2max for heart patients, not just those with heart failure, and help them preserve their exercise capacity," Dr. Allison said. "Patients can do things, too, like exercising regularly and losing weight, to maintain their VO2max.
"It remains to be seen whether improving VO2max through better medical care or surgical intervention versus weight loss and a better exercise program will be the key to improving survival, but we suspect both are important," he said.


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One corner of the Colorado Rapids' locker room will have very different personnel this season. Where only a few months ago sat Jacob Peterson, Jordan Harvey, Preston Burpo and Greg Dalby for their post-match dissections of any given game, now there will be a totally different set of bodies taking charge of that space.
Peterson has gone to Toronto, Harvey to expansion Philadelphia Union and goalkeeper Burpo to New England as part of the deal that saw Wells Thompson and Jeff Larentowicz switch from the East Coast to the Rocky Mountains. Now, defensive midfielder Dalby looks set to be leaving the Rapids.
It's not official yet but suffice to say that the 24-year-old Californian has played no part in training since the team's preseason trip to London and will not be making any further appearances at the club's training ground.
Dalby, who had a spell in Belgium with Charleroi and has also been part of the U.S. U-23 team, made 13 appearances for the Rapids in his two years at DSG Park. He found it hard to break into a midfield where the main central spots were owned by veteran Pablo Mastroeni and the fast emerging talent, Nick LaBrocca.
The arrival of Larentowicz as well as the continued presence in the squad of Pat Noonan and Mehdi Ballouchy meant there just wasn't enough room for Dalby as well.
And so the remaking of the Rapids continues.


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Surrey, British Columbia
Kristina is a mom first and everything else is after that. She enjoys reading, painting and photography. Kristina is also very into the female form. She wants to explore its beauty by capturing it in art. We agree completely. To learn more about this incredibly interesting gal check out her interview video in the members area.


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Regulatory Information
Dockets Management
FDA's Dockets Management serves as the official repository for the administrative proceedings and rule-making documents for the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), an operating division of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).
Dockets Management is administered by the Federal Dockets Management System (FDMS) located at Regulations.gov (see FR announcing this transition). The system allows consumers to access FDA's administrative proceedings and rule-making documents more readily, including Federal Registers, Petitions, supporting documents and comments. Regulations.gov also serves as a vehicle for making your voice heard at FDA by providing the ability to submit comments electronically.


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Place arame in a sauce pan and add enough cold water to half cover. Cover and simmer for 10 minutes. Remove, rinse and drain. Chop arame into 1 inch long pieces and place in a mixing bowl. If using hiziki, chopping is not needed. Add all blanched vegetables and beans.
Place all dressing ingredients in a blender or food processor and puree until smooth and creamy. Mix in with the salad or spoon over each portion of salad before eating.
If using hiziki, soak in warm water to cover for 15 minutes before cooking, and discard soaking water. Rinse, then add fresh water to half cover. Cook same as above.
Per serving - 138 calories, 4 g fat (25% calories from fat), 11 g protein, 15 g carbohydrate, 6 g fiber, 0 mg cholesterol, 190 mg sodium


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Clay Jam!
Save the land of Clay Jam from the fearsome Bully Beasts in this fun-packed action game. *************** Editor's Choice in over 100 countries #1 Kids game in 46 countries #1 Action game in 10 countries Nominated for a BAFTA! Nominated for the Pocket Gamer awards! Over 1 million downloads! *************** USA Today "Clay Jam is a blast to play for kids and kids at heart, so be sure to roll over to the App Store to download the game." Pocket Gamer Full of character and colour, Clay Jam is easy to pick up and very hard to put down. It's also one of the most refreshing freemium games around, rewarding you for continual play rather than punishing you for not spending money. Modojo An incredible artistic and technical achievement with very satisfying gameplay and progression. Kotaku ... every lovingly-molded inch of Clay Jam is an uncanny delight. Gametrailers - App of the Day Clay Jam is a very rare treat on the App Store. It's refreshingly different from the rest of the pack, plays like a dream, and is balanced so perfectly that both kids and adults alike will get a suitable level of challenge from the game. Download this immediately. Gamezebo ... Clay Jam is an extremely satisfying experience shaped from mounds of sheer joy. *************** Guide Fat Pebble as he rolls down five weird and wonderful hills in a world made entirely from clay! Squash monsters on the way, and he'll grow and grow and GROW! Get all the way to the bottom of the hill and meet the nasty Bully Beasts. Can you collect enough clay to free the monsters and save Clay Jam?! PLEASE NOTE! This game is free and you can play it without spending any money. You can however spend real money on in-game items. If you don't want to use this feature, please disable it in your device's settings. Features: ● EVERYTHING in the game is made from real clay! ● Squash, roll and bounce your way through a very peculiar world ● A unique control system - gouge paths in the clay to steer ● More than 20 hand-made monsters to discover ● 5 amazingly strange hills to rebuild ● 5 fearsome Bully Beasts to defeat ● Brilliantly original music ● Fantastically funny sound effects ● Family-friendly weirdness Note: If you are experiencing any crashes, please try shutting down any running apps and restarting the device. Clay Jam works on iPhone (3Gs and later), iPad (all iPads) and iPod touch (3G and later) and runs on iOS 4.3 or later. Terms of Service: http://www.fatpebble.com/index.php/games/clay-jam/tos/ Privacy Policy: http://www.fatpebble.com/index.php/games/clay-jam/privacy-policyRead more +
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What you should know about Clay Jam! app
This pleasing and challenging game is addicting"
This game is lots of silly fun"
More addicting than Temple Run and Cut The Rope combined"
Lots of content and an endearing art style"
I highly recommend this simple yet very creative fun game"
Sound effects are cute n everything about it is fun"
I love the bright colors and adorable characters"
Fun addicting game with impressive graphics"
The best free game I've downloaded in quite some time"
Kudos to Zynga for coming out with such an original game"
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Here's a reminder that we're all getting so old, all of the time. If this doesn't send you straight back to the late 90s/early aughts, maybe that's because you weren't born yet. For the rest of us, please enjoy Bit Bit saying fun things like "everyone has been doing e-mails!" and "Oh my goodness!" Ugh, she's the best.
The best part has to be at 2:45 with sweet Xavier — a young audience member who doesn't look thrilled to have a 17-year-old girl sing at him about being born to make him happy. Here's hoping the Spears camp paid for his inevitable trauma counseling.
[via Buzzfeed]


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To many folks, the thought of a Valentine's Day meal conjures up images of a sumptuous steak dinner. Believe it or not, achieving a perfectly cooked steak with complementary pan sauce in the comfort of your own home is easier than you might think.
To jazz up the typical steak and sauce duo you'd find at a steakhouse, I used a few secret ingredients (which aren't so secret anymore): steak rub and marinade by Stubb's Bar-B-Q. Giving the steak a rub down with the Stubb's Beef Spice Rub (pun intended) gives it a great crust when it's seared and the spices add a nice pop of flavor. For the red wine jus, whip up a simple pan sauce in the same pan that the steak was seared in. Cook the leftover drippings from the seared with a bold red wine. Enhance the sauce further by adding Stubb's Beef Marinade. You can certainly play with different steak rub and marinade pairings for this recipe (or with other proteins), just make sure the flavors pair well together. My advice? Taste the products by themselves and then together. Also look for similar ingredients in your rub and marinade.
You're probably dying to see the recipe right now, huh? Get the full recipe here on the Stubb's Legendary Bar-B-Q website and and be sure to check out the other delicious dishes (some of them by yours truly) featuring their tasty products.


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I need to turn my focus from my pain to God's love. I need to switch my attention from focusing on my problems and my pain and my pressure, my difficulties and I need to turn my focus onto God's love. And even though I'm mad at God, I need to remind myself how much he loves me because his love isn't based on what I do or what I say. His love is based on the fact that God is an unconditional loving God. God is love. So I can't make God stop loving me. I can complain, he's not going to stop loving me. I can rile and rail at him but it's not going to stop him from loving me.
So the second thing I do after I've done this catharsis where I just go, God, I don't like this. I didn't want to lose that person. I didn't want to lose that job. I didn't want to lose that dream. I didn't want to lose my health, well, then I turn my focus from my pain to God's love. In the next verses Jeremiah says this, "The thought of my pain and my homelessness is bitter poison." Boy, isn't that the truth. He said, I think of it constantly. And what's the result, my spirit is depressed.
Now let me stop right there. We've talked about this many times in this series on the invisible war that the battle against yourself, the battle against Satan, the battle against the world, the spiritual enemies that want to tear down your soul always is a mental battle. It's in your mind.
If you want to change your life you have to change your thoughts. You have to switch your thoughts. You have to change the channel of your mind. And he says, "The thoughts, when I think about my pain and my homelessness," he goes, "it's bitter, it's bitter poison." And he says, I think of it constantly.
Okay, great, you are thinking of it constantly. How well is it working for you? He says, My spirit is depressed. Obviously, it isn't working for him. And I'm telling you this, as long as you are sitting around going, This isn't fair, This isn't fair, This isn't fair, you are going to be depressed. Your bitterness does no good, zero good. It doesn't make you happier. It won't change the situation.
So griping and arguing and complaining and whining is going to do nothing except make you depressed. And he says, The more I think about my how my world's falling apart, the more I think about how unfair life is. And life isn't fair because we talked about it last week, the whole world's broken. The more I do that and I think about how it's not right I just make myself more depressed. It's a bitter poison. It's eating you alive. You are not hurting that other person with your bitterness, you are hurting yourself.
So he contrasts it. He said, "The thought of my pain is bitter poison." I think of it constantly. My spirit is depressed. Then he says, Yet -- here is the switch -- I turn my focus yet hope returns. When does hope return? Hope returns when I remember this one thing: What is the one thing he remembers? The Lord's unfailing love and mercy still continue. He says, Like as fresh as the morning, as sure as the sunrise, he says, I can count on God's love. The Lord is all I have so in him I put my hope. You don't know God is all you need until God is all you've got. And when you finally have lost it all and all you've got is God you go, Oh, okay. I've lost it all. God's all I've got, but you know what, it's all I need because God's going to take care of me.
He says, "I turn my thoughts from my bitterness and I turn my thoughts to how much God loves me" and his mercy to me is new every morning and it's everlasting and it's eternal and it won't stop and he's never going to stop loving me.
I want you to write this thought down, I always make dumb mistakes when I doubt God's love. I always make dumb mistakes when I doubt God's love. Because when I doubt God's love, I'm going to start thinking that I know better than God and I'm going to start choosing my way to do things rather than God's way to do things. Now I need to turn my thoughts from my pain to God's love.
Another example of this is the next verse down in verse 31. Even if I've lost everything, I've lost my job or I've lost my health or I've lost my marriage or I lost a baby or I lost something really precious to me, here is what you do, focus not on what I've lost but on what is left. Focus not on what's lost but what's left. Okay. I lost my job. What do I still have? I'm still alive. My heart's still beating. I have my freedom. I've got my brain.


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AfriGeneas Genealogy and History Forum Archive
Re: Witherspoon Cemetery (Black)
In Response To: Re: Witherspoon Cemetery (Black) ()
In 1870 Lancaster County there were 2 Shepherd) WILTHERSPOONS...
Cane Creek Twp, sheet 17
Cane Creek Twp., sheet 13-14
Also on sheet 23 was a William WITHERSPOON, age 21, parents R. and Dorcas WITHERSPOON...no Shep or Nancy in household
On sheet 22 Cane Creek, I found a Nancy and Will sister & brother in following household...no Shepherd/Shep...
WITHERSPOON, Rose, 40
Found 1 Shepherd in 1900 Cane Creek, Sheet 6A
WITHERSPOON, Shep, 25, Jan 1875, 25, married 3 years
not sure which family this Shep belongs to...as his age hardly matches the 2 Shephers from above. Couldn't find him in 1910 or 1920 Lancaster County.
Hope this helps
Something interesting...
Messages In This Thread


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One person is dead after an accident involving several vehicles on Interstate 78 in Upper Saucon Township.
Police say it happened near mile marker 61 in the eastbound lanes of I-78. A 1998 Toyota Sienna traveling in the left lane was merging into the center lane. As it merged, police say the Sienna struck a 1998 Jeep Cherokee driving in the center lane. The impact caused the Cherokee to crash into a 2009 BMW 535i in the right lane. All three vehicles overturned. A passenger inside the Jeep Cherokee, identified as Celia Marrero, 52, of Milford, was killed in the crash. The three drivers were all injured and taken to the hospital for treatment.
I-78 was shut down at the exit for PA Route 309 for several hours. It reopened shortly after 11 p.m. on Sunday. The crash is still under investigation.


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SAMJ: South African Medical Journal
On-line version ISSN 2078-5135
Print version ISSN 0256-9574
SAMJ, S. Afr. med. j. vol.100 n.11 Cape Town Nov. 2010
Helicobacter pylori prevalence in dyspeptic patients in the Eastern Cape province - race and disease status
N F TanihI; B I OkeleyeII; L M NdipIV; A M ClarkeIII; N NaidooV; N MkwetshanaIII; E GreenI; R N NdipIV
IMSc. Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, E Cape
IIBSc (Hons). Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, E Cape
IIIPhD. Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, E Cape
IVPhD. Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, E Cape. Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Cameroon
VMB ChB, FCP (SA). Department of Gastroenterology, Livingstone Hospital, Port Elizabeth, E Cape
OBJECTIVES: We examined Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with gastric-related morbidities at Livingstone Hospital, Port Elizabeth, to determine the prevalence and risk factors for infection according to race, endoscopic diagnosis, age and sex.
METHODS: Gastric biopsies were collected from 254 consecutive patients and H. pylori was isolated on Columbia agar base supplemented with 7% sheep's blood and Skirrow's supplement containing trimethoprim (2.5 mg), vancomycin (5 mg) and cefsulodin (2.5 mg). Amphotericin (2.5 mg) was added to the medium. Recovered isolates were identified following standard microbiology and biochemical techniques. Presumptive isolates were further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the glmM gene. Fisher's exact test was used to assess the univariate association between H. pylori infection and the possible risk factors. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to measure the strength of association, using EPI INFO 3.41 software. p-values <0.05 were required for significance.
RESULTS: The overall prevalence of H. pylori was 66.1% (168/254). Of the 168 positive subjects, H. pylori prevalence was highest in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) (32.7%; 55/168), and lowest (0%; 0/168) in those with atypical oesophageal reflux disease and gastroduodenitis, respectively. The prevalence of infection was highest among coloureds (68.4%; 89/130) and lowest in whites (59.5%; 25/42). Prevalence increased with age.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of H. pylori is high in dyspeptic patients in Eastern Cape province. Gender, antibiotic treatment and alcohol consumption may be risk factors for infection. These findings are of clinical and epidemiological significance.
Helicobacter pylori is the principal species of the genus Helicobacter that inhabits the gastric mucosa of the human stomach. It chronically infects billions of people worldwide,1-3 and is responsible for one of the most frequent chronic bacterial infections involving more than 50% of the world's population.4 H. pylori is one of the most genetically diverse of bacterial species, and is a major cause of at least 90% of duodenal ulcers (DUs), 70% of gastric ulcers (GUs), non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD).5,6 It plays a role in adenocarcinoma of the distal stomach, mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT) and primary gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, in many societies.3,7 H. pylori's ability to adhere, invade and evade host defences and cause tissue damage is largely due to its production of colonisation and virulence factors.8
The prevalence of H. pylori infection increases with advancing age and is higher in developing countries and among low socio-economic populations, probably owing to conditions that favour the infection, such as poor hygiene, crowded living conditions, and inadequate or no sanitation.1,9-11
Although the geographical and socio-demographic prevalence of human infection by H. pylori varies,1,11 prevalence does not parallel the incidence of morbidity caused by the infection. In Africa, for example, H. pylori infection is common1,2,10,11 and is the main cause of at least 90% of duodenal ulcers and 70% of gastric ulcers on the continent.2,10 Involvement of H. pylori in gastric patients in Cameroon2 revealed a similar pattern to that recorded among Ghanian patients12 with dyspeptic symptoms and in South African patients with NUD.13
The prevalence of H. pylori infection differs in relation to ethnic groups, races and economic conditions.14 H. pylori infection seems to be common in South Africa, as might be expected in developing countries.15,16 Although studies have reported the prevalence of the organism in the country, most adopted a sero-prevalence approach, which does not provide more information other than the presence of antibodies, which are poor markers of active infection. In Cape Town, a prevalence of 63% of the pathogen in NUD patients based on histology reports was documented,13 and a prevalence of 81% in NUD patients based on serology testing.17
Published data on the prevalence of the organism in dyspeptic patients in the Eastern Cape province, which is predominantly rural with poor sanitation and household hygiene (factors that favour the spread of H. pylori), are lacking. Therefore, investigating its prevalence in the province based on race and disease profile is important in forming the basis of future clinical and epidemiological studies.
We evaluated 254 consecutive patients referred for endoscopy at Livingstone Hospital, Port Elizabeth, between May and December 2008. The nature and purpose of the study was explained to the patients until they fully understood. We enrolled only patients who gave informed consent; who had not received treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or proton pump inhibitors in the previous 3 months; and who did not have a history of dysphagia, gastric surgery or upper gastro-intestinal bleeding. The study was approved by the institutional review board of the University of Fort Hare and the Eastern Cape Department of Health (Protocol number EcDoH-Res 0002).
Endoscopy, questionnaire and culture for H. pylori
All patients underwent a complete physical examination and history was taken by a resident gastro-enterologist. Endoscopic diagnoses were made by a single experienced endoscopist to rule out observer bias. The diagnoses were made on the macroscopic appearance of obviously inflamed mucosa at endoscopy, i.e. hyperaemic oedematous mucosa sometimes with contact bleeding to delineate the different clinical conditions associated with infection. Race, smoking, alcohol intake and demographic data were recorded. Some patients had previously undergone H. pylori eradication therapy.
Two antral and corpus biopsy specimens each were obtained at endoscopy for a total of 1 016 specimens, which were immediately placed in sterile bijou bottles containing 0.2 g/l of cysteine and 20% glycerol in brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth and transported in ice to the laboratory within 2 hours of collection for culture and characterisation as previously reported.2 Presumptive isolates were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the glmM gene as previously reported.18 A reference strain of H. pylori (NCTC 11638) was included as a positive control. Confirmed isolates were suspended in 20% glycerol and stored at -80ºC in a freezer (Sanyo, Japan) for future experiments.
Statistical analysis
An SPSS program was used to determine Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Fisher's exact test was used to assess the univariate association between H. pylori infection and the possible risk factors. Odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to measure the strength of association using EPI INFO 3.41 package (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA). p-values <0.05 were required for significance.
A total of 254 patients were enrolled. Their mean age was 44.5±15.7 years (range 5 -93 years), and 83.1% (211/254) were older than 35 years. There were 90 males and 164 females (male/female ratio 1:1.8).
Endoscopy was performed on all 254 enrolled patients. Of the abnormal findings, NUD was the most common (33.8%; 86/254), followed by GORD (17.7%; 45/254), DU (15.7%; 40/254), and GU (9.4%; 24/254) (Table I).
Of the 254 subjects, 168 had H. pylori-positive culture, giving an overall prevalence of 66.1%. A total of 592 H. pylori strains were obtained from the 1 016 biopsy specimens (508 antral and 508 corpus). This was confirmed by PCR as we obtained the expected 1.1 kilobase for the organism. The mean incubation time was 4 days. The percentage positivity for antrum was 61.0% (310/508), and for corpus 55.5% (282/508).
Of our 168 positive subjects, H. pylori prevalence was highest in patients with NUD (32.7%; 55/168) and lowest (0%; 0/168) in those with atypical oesophageal reflux disease and gastroduodenitis respectively (Table I). Also, of the 254 enrolled subjects, the prevalence of H. pylori in relation to endoscopic findings was highest (100%) in patients with duodenitis (1/1), gastric cancer (GC) (4/4) and gastric erosion (5/5), as they were all positive for the organism. However, patients with gastritis (6/8; 75%), GU (17/24; 70.8%), DU (26/40; 65%), NUD (55/85; 64.7%), and GORD (29/45; 64.4%) also had high prevalence rates for the organism (Table I).
Of the 254 enrolled patients, 82 (32.2%) were black, 130 (51.1%) were coloured and 42 (16.5%) were white. H. pylori prevalence was highest among the coloureds (68.4%; 89/130), followed by blacks (65.8%; 54/82) and whites (59.5%; 25/42). The prevalence of the organism by gender in these three racial groups was highest among black females (71.6%; 38/53), followed by whites (68.1%; 15/22) and coloureds (67.7%; 61/90). In males, the prevalence was highest among the coloured group (70%; 28/40), followed by the black (55.1%; 16/29) and white (50%; 10/20) groups. Differences between the racial groups, sex and age were, however, not statistically significant (p>0.05).
The prevalence of H. pylori infection increased with age (Table II). Regarding sex, 114 (69.5%) of the 164 enrolled females were positive, while 54 (60%) of the 90 males were positive.
The prevalence of H. pylori related to alcohol consumption and smoking, respectively, was also investigated. Of the 168 subjects positive for H. pylori, 71 (42.3%) were smokers and 46/86 (53.5%) non-smokers; and 60/168 (35.7%) positive subjects drank alcohol, while 28/86 (32.6%) did not (Table II).
The high prevalence in Africa of human infection by H. pylori indicates that effective public health interventions should be developed. The variations in its prevalence between and among populations could indicate that factors including age, cultural background, genetic predisposition, socio-economic status and environmental conditions all play a role in the acquisition and transmission of the organism.11,12 Within countries, the prevalence among more affluent urban populations and poor rural populations can vary widely.11,12
All the dyspeptic patients investigated in this study presented with signs of gastric-related morbidities at the endoscopic unit of Livingstone Hospital in Port Elizabeth. We used cultures (confirmed by molecular techniques) to investigate the prevalence of H. pylori infection among dyspeptic patients and also to delineate the risk factors for infection among ethnic groups and races related to other demographic characteristics. Although some authors have dismissed culture as the gold standard for H. pylori diagnosis, others have proved it useful in large-scale epidemiological studies and in laboratories with limited resources in the developing world.2,19 Culture also enabled us to determine the susceptibility patterns of our isolates to guide empiric treatment.20
Our overall prevalence finding of 66.1% (168/254) is similar to studies in Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, Korea, Malawi, Nigeria, South Africa, Zaire and Zimbabwe (60 94%).2,9,12,21 22 Kidd et al. also reported that endoscopic studies in dyspeptic individuals in Africa revealed the presence of the organism in most subjects. Previous South African studies10,13,17 had equally incriminated this organism in cases of duodenal and gastric ulcers.
By endoscopic diagnosis, H. pylori prevalence was highest (100%) among patients with duodenitis (1/1), GC (4/4) and gastric erosion (5/5). Our reported prevalence of 100% (4/4) in patients with GC by endoscopic diagnosis and H. pylori prevalence is very high compared with other studies in Africa, and differs from the findings of Uemura et al.23 (considering only those with GC) who reported GC in 2.9% of H. pylori-infected and none of their uninfected patients. However, the possible reason for our unusually high prevalence could be linked to the different sample sizes used in these studies. Only 4 of our 254 patients had GC, giving an overall prevalence of 2.38% which, considering the overall study subjects, is in line with the findings of Uemura et al.23
Another consideration is that South Africa has a heterogeneous population including whites whose ancestral background is in the Western world where GC is high;23 our 4 patients with GC were white. GC is a terminal condition for H. pylori-positive patients; hence, a patient once identified as having GC will invariably have the infection. Also, GC develops in persons with H. pylori but not in uninfected persons.23
Patients with gastritis (75%; 6/8), GU (70.8%; 17/24), DU (65%; 26/40), NUD (64.7%; 55/85), and GORD (64%; 29/45) also had high prevalence rates of the organism, which corroborates the findings of others7,21 who reported either one or two of the above clinical conditions as the most common endoscopic findings in H. pylori infection. It has been suggested that up to 95% of DUs and 70% of GUs are attributable to infection by this pathogen, and most cases occur in middle-aged subjects.2,10
Significantly, our results are consistent with previous studies in South Africa.13,17 Louw et al.13 documented an overall incidence of H. pylori infection in 80% of GU and 95% of DU patients, and O'Keefe et al.17 reported overall H. pylori prevalence of 80%, with prevalence rates of 78%, 81%, and 81% in patients with GC, peptic ulcer (PU) and NUD, respectively.
The prevalence of H. pylori infection was highest among the coloured (68.4% - 87/130) and black subjects (65.8% - 54/ 82) and lowest in whites (59.5% - 25/42). There was no statistically significant difference between the races, in contrast with the findings of Louw et al.10 in the Western Cape province, where they demonstrated a significant difference: a prevalence of 40% in white and 71% in coloured patients. However, both our studies reported a higher prevalence among coloureds than whites. The high prevalence of H. pylori infection among coloured and black South Africans compared with whites could partly be explained by other known risk factors for H. pylori, particularly socio-economic determinants such as lower income, lower educational levels, and household crowding.9,10
Females - particularly blacks - had a higher prevalence (71.6%) than males (55.1%). Some studies have found a higher prevalence among women, but many have found no gender-based difference.24 It is possible that the risk of acquisition does not differ between the sexes. We speculate that females are more likely to have infections (such as genito-urinary infections) that are eradicated by antimicrobials such as metronidazole, which is used for other micro-organisms and commonly selects for H. pylori-resistant strains.2 Although we tried to ensure that our subjects had not been on antimicrobials for 3 preceding months, their use cannot be ruled out.
We also observed that H. pylori infection prevalence increased with age, similarly to the results of Chong et al.25 The organism is ubiquitous, with acquisition in childhood being the rule. In our study, alcohol consumption and smoking were not significantly associated with H. pylori infection (p>0.05), although the OR (OR 1.15; 95% CI 0.64 - 2.07) indicates that alcohol consumption may be a risk factor for H. pylori infection. H. pylori prevalence among alcohol consumers has been suggested to be lower than that in non-drinkers because alcohol may kill the organism in the stomach; however, this remains a matter for speculation.14
In conclusion, the prevalence of H. pylori is high in dyspeptic patients in Eastern Cape province. The ORs indicate that gender, antibiotic treatment and alcohol consumption may be risk factors for infection. These findings have clinical and epidemiological significance and therefore call for more comprehensive studies involving molecular epidemiology and genetic typing methods, to further elucidate the situation.
This study received financial support from the National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa (grant reference 69815) and the Govan Mbeki Research and Development Centre, University of Fort Hare. We are also grateful to the staff of the GIT Unit, Livingstone Hospital, Port Elizabeth and Mr B Clarke for technical assistance.
1. Asrat D, Nilsson I, Mengistu Y, et al. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among adult dyspeptic patients in Ethiopia. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2004;98(2):181-189. [ Links ]
2. Ndip RN, Malange TAE, Ojongokpoko JEA, et al. Helicobacter pylori isolates recovered from gastric biopsies of patients with gastro-duodenal pathologies in Cameroon: current status of antibiogram. Trop Med Int Health 2008;13(6):848-854. [ Links ]
3. Carrilho C, Modcoicar P, Cunha L, et al. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection, chronic gastritis, and intestinal metaplasia in Mozambican dyspeptic patients. Virchows Archiv 2009;454(2):153-160. [ Links ]
4. Go MF. Review article: natural history and epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002;1:3-15. [ Links ]
5. Henriksen TH. Peptic ulcer disease is strongly associated with Helicobacter pylori in East, West, Central and South Africa. Scand J Gastroenterol 2001;36:561-564. [ Links ]
6. Figueiredo C, Machado JC, Yamaoka Y. Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 2005;10:14-23. [ Links ]
7. Matsuhisa TM, Yamada NY, Kato SK, Matsukura NM. Helicobacter pylori infection, mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in Asian populations: a comparative study in age-, gender- and endoscopic diagnosis-matched subjects. Helicobacter 2003;8(1):29-35. [ Links ]
8. Horiuchi T, Ohkusa T, Watanabe M, Kobayashi D, Miwa H, Eishi Y. Helicobacter pylori DNA in drinking water in Japan. J Microbiol Immunol 2001;45 (7):515-519. [ Links ]
9. Dube C, Nkosi TC, Clarke AM, Mkwetshana N, Green E, Ndip RN. Helicobacter pylori in an asymptomatic population of Eastern Cape Province, South Africa: Public health implication. Rev Environ Health 2009;24 (3):249-255. [ Links ]
10. Louw JA, Jaskiewicz K, Girdwood AH, et al. Helicobacter pylori prevalence in non-ulcer dyspepsiaethnic and socio-economic differences. S Afr Med J 1993;83(3):169-171. [ Links ]
11. Ndip RN, Malange AE, Akoachere JFT, Mackay WG, Titanji VPK, Weaver LT. Helicobacter antigens in faeces of asymptomatic children in the Buea and Limbe health districts of Cameroon: a pilot study. Trop Med Int Health 2004;9(9):1036-1040. [ Links ]
12. Baako BN, Darko R. Incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Ghanian patients with dyspeptic symptoms referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. West Afr J Med 1996;15(4):223-227. [ Links ]
13. Louw JA, Falck C, van Rusburg C, Adams G, Marks IN. Distribution of Helicobacter pylori colonisation and associated gastric inflammatory changes: differences between patients with duodenal and gastric ulcers. J Clin Pathol 1993;46(8):754-756. [ Links ]
14. Iso N, Matsuhisa T, Shimizu K. Helicobacter pylori infection among patients visiting a clinic in Kasama City. J Nippon Med Sch 2005;72(6):341-354. [ Links ]
15. Pelser HH, Househam KC, Joubert G, van der Linde G, Kraaj P, Meinardi M. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori antibodies in children in Bloemfontein, South Africa. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1997;24(2): 135-139. [ Links ]
16. Mosane TW, Malope BI, Ratshikhopha ME, Hiss DC, Sitas F. Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori IgG antibodies in South African mothers and their children. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004;16(1): 113-114. [ Links ]
17. O'Keefe SJ, Salvador B, Nainkin J, Majiki S, Stevens H, Atherstone A. Empiric treatment based on Helicobacter pylori serology cannot substitute for early endoscopy in the management of dyspeptic rural black Africans. S Afr Med J 2000;90(11):1129-1135. [ Links ]
18. Burucoa C, Lhomme V, Fauchere JL. Performance criteria of DNA fingerprinting methods for typing of Helicobacter pylori isolates: Experimental results and meta-analysis. J Clin Microbiol 1999;37(12): 4071-4080. [ Links ]
19. Mégraud F, Lehn N, Lind T, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Helicobacter pylori in a large multicenter trial: the MACH 2 study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999;43(11):2747-2752. [ Links ]
20. Tanih NF, Okeleye BI, Naidoo N, et al. Marked susceptibility of South African Helicobacter pylori strains to ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin: Clinical implication. S Afr Med J 2009;100(1):49-52. [ Links ]
21. Kidd M, Louw JA, Mark NI. Helicobacter pylori in Africa: observation on an 'enigma within an enigma.' J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999;14:851-858. [ Links ]
22. Kidd M, Peek RM, Lastovica AJ, Israel DA, Kummer AF, Louw JA. Analysis of iceA genotypes in South African Helicobacter pylori strains and relationship to clinically significant disease. Gut 2001; 49(5):629-635. [ Links ]
23. Uemura N, Okamoto S, Yamamoto S, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection and the development of gastric cancer. N Engl J Med 2001;345:784-789. [ Links ]
24. Replogle ML, Glaser SL, Hiatt RA, Parsonnet J. Biologic sex as a risk factor for Helicobacter pylori infection in healthy young adults. Am J Epidemiol 1995;142(8):856-863. [ Links ]
25. Chong VH, Lim KC, Rajendran N. Prevalence of active Helicobacter pylori infection among dyspeptic patients referred for endoscopy in Brunei Darussalam. Singapore Med J 2008;49:42-46. [ Links ]
Corresponding author: R Ndip (firstname.lastname@example.com)


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More InformationOriginal box, paperwork, and accessories included 25% off Cerakote on any one firearm with purchase of used firearm from Men of Arms. **Contact us via email at email@example.com or call (517) 997-6177 with any questions or to purchase. If images are not currently available they will be posted shortly, please check back. Please verify condition and price at that time STOCK #: 0023