text:
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(Regarding Jewish events and family annals)
by Pinchas Schwartz, Jerusalem
A vision, look from above at the spilling of the blood of the righteous and the pouring out of their blood. At the beginning of the writing of my memoirs, about the city of Halmeu, I offer my prayer:
Look from Your holy abode in the Heavens and avenge the spilled blood of the righteous. I am a member of the older generation, and when I bring the residents before the eyes of my spirit, I see before me only righteous people. If I attempt to once again describe and see the spectacular picture of the procession to the synagogues on the eve of Yom Kippur men and women
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wearing white, with the expression of an awakening to repentance on their face, as they waited with awe to bring in the Holy Day, I can state that even the simple people from among them appeared as complete Tzadikim.
Straw was spread on the floor of the synagogue, for no worshipper would dare to enter with shoes, and all of them would bow and prostrate themselves for korim[1] with a broken and submissive heart. Long boxes of sand, a meter and a half in length, were placed on the window sills to hold the candle. The worshippers were hovered over their machzors [festival prayer books], enwrapped in their kittels [white robes] and tallises, reciting Tefilla Zaka[2] with devotion. Only when Rabbi Eliahu Klein (the son of Reb Shmelke of Selish) ascended the bima and recited his prayer in silence, and when Reb Shlomo the shamash brought the lectern to him, did the congregation quiet down and wait impatiently for the Kol Nidre sermon. The rabbi began with the words Dear, warmhearted brothers, and immediately everyone felt the closeness and heartwarming brotherliness in his holy words. When he uttered out loud, bring forth tears, the words penetrated the depths of the souls, and even the hard-hearted people broke out in bitter weeping with an awaking for repentance and expression of regret on their faces. The sermon was delivered with a moving melody. The rabbi was already elderly at that time, and required a brief rest in the middle of the sermon, but even the breaks were to arouse repentance.
The rabbi of holy blessed memory led his flock in the ways of G-d and the commandments, such that almost no violator of the Sabbath could be found in town. Even when the physician Dr. Bleier had to travel on the Sabbath to go to a sick person outside the city, he sent his wagon outside the Sabbath boundary[3], and only then did he ascend his vehicle. The taverns and cigarette and tobacco shops, which officially had to be open on the Sabbath, were given over to the hands of gentiles, but there were barely any customers, aside from some farmer who might have come to Halmeu on the Sabbath… Thus, the atmosphere of the holiness of the Sabbath could be felt not only in the homes, but also on the streets. In one of his sermons, the rabbi said, Brothers, Halmeu is a miniature land of Israel. Make sure that it does not become a large Babylonia.[4] Halmeu is considered to be a miniature Land of Israel, be careful to not destroy its good name! Only now can we see and understand its special status, in that the rule of Torah and religion could be felt in the entire town. The sounds of Torah could be heard from the walls of the Yeshiva. The attractive melodies of the study of Torah could also be heard in the streets, the Talmud Torahs [elementary Torah schools], and cheders.
There were other Torah giants in Halmeu aside from the rabbi. Among them were my three brothers-in-law, Reb Mordechai Rotstein, Reb Avraham Chaim and Reb Eliezer. During his lifetime, Reb Mordechai published his book Beit Vaad Lachachamim (A Gathering House for the Wise), and the book Shaarei Parnasah Tova (Gates to a Good Livelihood) on Psalms that was republished by his grandson Rabbi Tzvi Hirsch Pinchas Moskovitz, the Rosh Yeshiva of Halmeu, with Rabbi Yaakov Shalom (today in Jerusalem). Rumor had it, as its name proves, that owning this book is a portent for a good livelihood. Both of them, Reb Mordechai and Reb Avraham
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Chaim served as rabbinical judges in Halmeu. The first excelled in his fear of Heaven, whereas the second excelled in his scholarship.
Reb Eliezer was my grandfather. During his younger days, he was the shochet [ritual slaughterer] of Sharkiz Oilak[5]. One day he issued a statement at home, From this day and onward, I will no longer take the shochet's knife in my hand. From then, he studied day and night. He slept for two hours at night and one hour during the day. I will describe a typical example of his greatness in Torah. When the Tzadik of Sanz came to Halmeu, they honored him by inviting him to give a sermon in the synagogue. He said, In the place where Rabbi Eliezer lives, I cannot say anything; let him give the sermon. When he took ill in 1916, the Rabbi of Dolina sat beside his bed all day, studying the manuscripts of his many compositions. He delivered words of eulogy at his funeral, saying that one can only know who Rabbi Eliezer was once his books are published… To my sorrow, these compositions were not published, and those that were already published in Szinervaraljá [Seini] were lost during the Holocaust years.
The tombstones of my grandfather Rabbi Eliezer and my grandmother Yarcha are located in the Halmeu cemetery. The rabbinical judge Rabbi Yosef, the son-in-law of the elderly Rabbi Eliahu Klein, and who was later accepted as the rabbi and head of the rabbinical court in Királyháza, composed the text of the epitaph on my grandfather's grave. He prepared my grandfather's monument with his own hands in an artistic fashion and engraved the inscription. His son Chaim Yosef served as the Rosh Yeshiva with the Yetev Lev,[6] and according to his words, chastised Rabbi Yoelish[7] several times for his mischievousness. He married a wife from the city of Sighet and moved to Budapest, where he opened a large monument workshop with several branches. My grandfather Rabbi Eliezer died in 1916.
My grandmother Yarcha was also known in religious and communal life. She served as a reader in the women's section for women who did not know how to pray. She continued with this role also in her old age, when she could no longer see, but she knew all the Selichot [penitential prayers] and festival prayers by heart. All of the Yeshiva students went to her to eat breakfast. Every day, she prepared a large pot of beet soup, tzoikl or klobn borscht (types of soups). The lads would come en masse right after the morning services, and helped themselves to the tasty food to their hearts' content. Grandmother did not remain in the room so that they would not be embarrassed, and so that they would not have to thank her. It was not only the youth who benefited from this. She also provided this tasty food to the Jewish prisoners who were imprisoned in the jail opposite our house. A typical situation took place with respect to this when Bitros the jail keeper retired and the new jail keeper, Koncz, who replaced him, was unaware of this custom. When grandmother came with the food, he did not permit her to enter. She slapped the guard on the cheek, took the key by force and entered. The matter was brought before the chief judge Dietler (a Jew), who explained the situation to the jail keeper: In this unfortunate incident, we are guilty, for we did not tell you that the door of the jail is open to Grandmother Yarcha, and we beg her forgiveness! In the 1930s, when the Jews of Hungary
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were forced to obtain their certificates of citizenship again in order to prevent deportation when I was together with Moravy the district captain, he inquired about my origins. When I explained to him that I was the grandson of Grandmother Yarcha, he told me that that was sufficient.
My father of blessed memory, Reb Shmuel Mordechai Schwartz, was the son of the well-known scribe of Chust, the author of the book Nefesh Tova (A Good Soul). Father was also a scribe. He wrote five Torah scrolls in Halmeu, and died at the young age of 32 leaving behind five orphans. After I studied in the Yeshiva of Halmeu, I moved to my uncle in Budapest, with whom I studied the trade in which I work to this day, for I am the director of the monument cooperative of Jerusalem. I worked in the area of Jewish communal affairs in Budapest, and was a member of the Orthodox communal organization, the Chevra Kadisha [burial society], and the office of the Land of Israel. At the same time, I studied singing, and served as a cantor on the High Holy Days on the Zigmund Street Synagogue in Budapest, in Kiscsömöte, in Debrecin, and currently in the Shaarei Shomayim Synagogue in Jerusalem.
My sister Sara Leah married a scholarly, G-d fearing Jew Reb Yechiel Braun of Kökényesd. With the grace of G-d, they were the only couple, aside from the Zindel family, who returned to Halmeu after the war. My brother-in-law Yechiel died in Jerusalem at the age of 49. My brother Zeev Wolf was drafted to a labor camp, and endured the seven levels of hell there. After the liberation, he actively and successfully assisted many of those who returned to restore their livelihoods. He remained in Budapest until the latest revolution there in 1956, and immigrated to Canada, where he became a diamond wholesaler. He visits Israel as a tourist almost every year. The fourth brother Moshe studied in the Yeshiva of Reb Yoelish in Satmar, and was an enthusiastic Hassid. I was informed by witnesses that he participated in the revolt of the crematoria workers in Auschwitz, and was taken to be killed. My sister Rachel married Reb David Leib of Bábony. He was an eyewitness that my mother of blessed memory, my sister Rachel and her children were taken to the gas chambers. Today he lives in Antwerp, and is a devoted Hassid of the Satmar Rebbe.
My mother of blessed memory, who was known as Aunt Rivka or the Soferke (the wife of the scribe), was widowed at age 28. She educated her children with dedication from the hard work of directing the kitchen of the Yeshiva students. She was not willing to receive any support or assistance from her children when they grew up or from her brothers. In Budapest, I learned that she had ordered the monument for my father of blessed memory from my uncle and had already paid the entire amount from the money that she had earned from the work of her hands. I hereby bow my head in memory of this typical Yiddishe Mama[8]. May her soul be bound in the bonds of eternal life.
The second son-in-law of my grandfather, Reb Fishel Treiser, opened a fancy goods store opposite Dyush Street, and later rented Holtzer's store. He was known as Pirushka by the farmers, for he knew how to talk to them in their style. This uncle
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was first an accountant in Sighet, and later went to study in the Yeshiva of Halmeu. Grandmother Yarcha watched out for him… Their older daughter Hentshe married in Vienna. She conducted her household there in a religious style. She and her family also perished in Auschwitz. Their son Yehuda Leib was a genius in the Yeshiva of Halmeu. He graduated from the rabbinical seminary of Vienna as well as from university, but did not receive his doctorate degree, for Hitler had already interfered with the situation. He was accepted as a rabbi in Bucharest. After the transfer of Transylvania to the Hungarians, he was examined by the rabbinical court of Budapest to be accepted as a rabbi there. The members of the rabbinical court were astonished with his great expertise, and noted in their recommendation that he was also familiar with the sources of Jewish law. He passed through the Holocaust era in a hospital in Budapest, where he worked as a Christian physician. After the war, I was astonished to hear him debate in Russian. He told me that we had been liberated by the Russians for five weeks already. He was an expert in languages, and was fluent in Yiddish, Hungarian, Romanian, French, Esperanto, German, and English. Yehuda Aryeh was one of the chief spokesmen at the world conference on Esperanto. After he returned to Vienna, his professor informed him that he had succeeded in safeguarding his dissertation work that he had written, and presented him with his certificate of doctorate. He was offered a position of lecturer in the university, but his wife (the daughter of Berger from Satmar) at first objected to living in the vale of murder. Only after he served as a lecturer in a university in Colombia did she agree that he accept the position in Vienna. He died of a heart attack on his way to a congress in Munich, where he had been sent as a delegate of the university.
His younger brother Chaim Mordechai settled in Budapest. He was reported to the government as a Romanian spy, and he escaped for some time to Vienna, where he opened a successful business. Later, he was forced to move to Chernovitz due to the pressure of Hitler, which reached there too. He made it to Russia. He continued his wanderings to Satmar, Budapest, and Belgium, until he finally reached Canada. There, he opened a confectionary factory. David had three other talented sons Zeev, Eliezer, and Zelig all of whom perished in the labor camps. After the war, his daughter Klara married Dr. Marksmer, the civic engineer of Satmar. They made aliya, where she recently died of a heart attack. The older of their two children is studying at the Technion at Haifa, and is considered to be one of the excellent students. His younger brother is a successful physicist.
The second son-in-law of my grandfather was Reb Eliahu Shapira. He was lacking in luck. All four of his children died before they reached the age of one, and his wife died as well when the fifth son was born. His material situation did not improve even after he remarried, and he remained a pauper. My uncle Fishel advised him to leave Halmeu, and even gave him an appropriate hint the acronym of The poor will never cease from the land spells the letters of Halmeu. This was indeed the case; many families there were lacking in livelihood, and suffered from poverty and deprivation.
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The Jeremias family was a well-known, honorable family in Halmeu. Reb Meir was the head of the family. He had a splendid countenance, was a scholar, owned estates and vineyards, and was a successful, honorable businessman. His sons, daughters, and grandchildren set up roots in the town. In fact, they were the most prominent family there. They did not wear streimels, but they tended toward Hassidism, and their children became leaders of Hassidism in Halmeu.
His first son-in-law was Reb Baruch Hendler, the genius of the town. At times, we would witness the perplexity of the rabbi during his didactic lecture when he was asked a question by Reb Baruch. We also saw how he was careful not to impinge on the honor of the rabbi of the city. His son Reb Avraham Yechezkel almost reached the level of his father with his breadth of knowledge. His son Tzvi Hershel managed his father's wine cellar, whereas Yechezkel worked independently. Reb Yehoshua Wolf Greenfeld was his second son-in-law. He owned a wholesale grocery store, and was a zealous Hassid even though he did not wear a streimel. He would worship with exceptional devotion. His son Sheimz was the prime spokesman in issues of religion and community. He was very talented and managed to figure out any complex matter. One of his sons, Reb Moshe Avraham, served as an official of the Chevra Kadisha [Burial Society] of Haifa. Two of his three daughters remained in the city after marriage, but they all met their deaths in the gas chambers of Auschwitz.
Reb Moshe Wieder, the son of Rabbi Menirad-Hazza, was his third son-in-law. He was a known scholar, an upright man, with fine talents and traits. For many years, he was a dedicated trustee of the Talmud Torah.
The oldest son of Reb Meir was Reb Shmelke, the owner of a grocery and metal goods store, was a good hearted man. His second son Reb Moshe served as the head of the community for many years. He led the community with great wisdom and a strong hand. The following incident is typical of him: The physician Dr. Bleier was removed from the synagogue by force by the police when he refused to remove his shoes on Yom Kippur. As a result of this, some of the members seceded and worshipped in a separate minyan. In his time, it was suspected that the issue would come to an actual schism if he would accept his disputants into the communal leadership. Sometimes, a dispute arose with the family of Reb Menachem Gotlieb in commercial affairs. That family was also a fine, well connected family, for both of them owned large businesses of lumber and wooden materials. Reb Meir had two sons, Avraham Yekutiel and Yechezel. His parents spoiled the latter too much. Their relatives were also well connected families Rubinstein, Heinfeld, Rotstein, Salomon, Moskovitz, and Levi.
Reb Meir's birthday was on the Fast of Esther, when all of the relatives were
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together for the Purim festivities. During the 1920s, I was the preparer and organizer of the Purim performances and games. We began the preparations immediately after the start of the winter, with two or three people helping me. The residents of the town were very curious about the victim who would be chosen for the Purim pranks.
Reb Peyish Weiss (Franz) was the most successful in writing verses in order to entertain the crowd. I liked them, and I was able to include them into the performance and use them to entertain the large crowd, for he was always able to find the weakness in the person who was fit to be the butt of the jokes. We put on this performance first and foremost in the home of Reb Meir Jeremias (I, of course added my own content). Reb Avraham Yitzchak Glik, the son of Reb Shlomo the Shamash, was a regular member of the troupe of actors. He would start with a special tune to begin the show. With his special talent, he succeeded in getting his audience to laugh to the point of tears.
I see these jolly days of Purim before my eyes. From the afternoon, we already began to run about with the Mishloach Manot [Purim food gifts to friends] in the full sense of the term, for we had not yet concluded our work by noon[9]. We were especially desirous of the monetary recompense. At 2:00 p.m., the youths already began to go from house to house, putting on their Purim skits. Then the older youths performed their songs and rhymes. Toward evening, it was the turn of the Yeshiva lads to perform the fruits of their labor in specific homes. These verses of rhyme incorporate important events of the year. In general, the Chevra Kadisha feast that took place on the 7th of Adar[10] served a good material for the Purim skits.
In 1926, the group of actors, including the Salomon brothers Dani and Libi, the teachers Reb Zanwil and Reb Meir Hirsch (the latter later served as the shochet of Kökényesd, and his son lives in Israel), Yehuda Leib Treiser, and I created a special fund to cover the costs. Dani Salomon and I traveled to the well-known jester Reb Hirsch Leib Gotlieb in Sighet, from whom we obtained the Egyptian Rabbi[11]. His charming granddaughter taught us the tunes and songs for the play. We rented the corona[12]. We set up an appropriate stage and also bought a book dealing with makeup. Everything succeeded as well as possible, other than that the three performances did not cover the expenditures.
The next year, I included in the Purim play incidents that I had discovered. A young dentist lived in Halmeu, and suddenly most of the girls were afflicted with bad toothaches. The dentist graced the daughter of Baruch Hendler with a kiss on the hands. A similar incident took place with Reb Avraham Chaim Dimand and his young bride. Pancakes were fried with fish oil at the home of the Greenfeld family, and the entire family got sick. Thus, I obtained appropriate and interesting material for the Purim performances. The echoes of the performance in the home of Reb Meir
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stirred up the audience.
In return for 500 Lei, I acceded to the request of Reb Yidel Dimand to remove the incident of his brother the groom. With regard to the dentist, Branik the police sergeant came to me and warned me about performing it. There were also others who came to bribe me, and the money from don't wag your tongue enriched me more than the income from the performances.
Translator's Footnotes
by Tzvi Kahan of Bnei Brak
The image of my father Reb Aharon Kahane of blessed memory stands before me, with his splendid countenance and tall stature that evoked honor.
He was a scholar with a lofty spirit. He would get up at dawn to go to the Beis Midrash, where his listeners drank of his wisdom with thirst. There was an open Gemara all day on his desk at his office. Many would come to him for arbitration, and he would always find a path of compromise between a man and his fellow. Just like Aaron the Priest in his time, he pursued peace. He was particularly interested in the education of young children, and he was chosen as the president of the Talmud Torah committee. He concerned himself with obtaining proper resources for study. Despite his widespread business endeavors in the field of grocery and haberdashery wholesaling, he always found time to occupy himself with communal affairs. Thus, he left his mark on the city of Halmeu. His name was mentioned with honor on all lips, and the children on the streets would whisper in awe, Here goes Rabbi Aharon. Father of blessed memory always dreamed of the Land of Israel, but he did not succeed in actualizing his dream by making aliya to the Land. He sent my sister Vera, who has lived in the Land since 1935.
Father of blessed memory died a day after the Seventh Day of Passover in the year 5692 (1932). He suffered from his illness and lay on his sickbed for three years. My eyes fill with tears as I remember his request on the final Seder night as he was lying on his sickbed, that I read the Haggadah because he does not have the power to read it himself. I, his youngest son, the son of his old age, read it out loud as my soul was weeping. Yes! My father of blessed memory was a revered man, and his memory will never leave us. We will tell of his deeds from generation to generation, and a father will tell his son about Grandfather Aharon. Where are those wonderful people, where is that generation that went and is no more?
My mother, Malka Kahane of blessed memory, may G-d avenge her blood, bore 13 children, and I was the youngest. My mother of blessed memory was a woman of valor and a completely righteous person. Every Thursday, she would discreetly distribute food provisions for the Sabbath to needy families. As is
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written, She arose while it was still night and provides portions for her maidens.[1] From morning to night, she never stopped her activities. She was diligent, and demanded the same from her daughters. Indeed, the daughters were girls of valor like their mother.
Rosy is the eldest, may she live long. (She recently made aliya from Australia.) She was a prominent merchant, and was very active. She sustained her family. Her husband was known as a weak man, albeit a great scholar. She passed through all the levels of hell. After the war, her husband returned from the camps suffering from tuberculosis, and died after a short time.
Freda, may G-d avenge her blood. She was also diligent. She served as her father's bookkeeper and was expert in all matters of the office. In those days, it was exceptional that a woman from an Orthodox home such as ours worked as a clerk. Despite the exactitude of my father of blessed memories, his daughters studied general subjects in high school, although they were careful of all the commandments, both the easy and hard ones. Freda had two sons. The younger had a fine soul and demonstrated great talents, but he perished in the Holocaust. His name was Daniel, may G-d avenge his blood, and may his soul be bound in the bonds of eternal life. Freda went with the women's transport and spent some time in the Auschwitz camp, but the hand of destruction fell upon her and she went along the eternal path.
Munchi, may G-d avenge her blood. She was refined, beautiful, and good hearted with no equal, but no trace remains of her. My soul weeps for her and for those pure souls who gave up their souls in purity without even a monument remaining she, her husband, and their young daughter, and she was in the latter stages of pregnancy with her second child. Terror overtakes me as I recall this. May G-d avenge their blood.
Arzi (Esther) of blessed memory. I remember her. She was beautiful. To her great sorrow, G-d closed her womb and she had no children. Perhaps it is better for a person to not have been born than to have been born…
The sons studied in Yeshivas. My older brother Daniel of blessed memory, may G-d avenge his blood, was a scholar and the representative of a large firm. He was very talented, with a polished style. His mannerisms were pleasant; he had a broad heart, and good logic. In the camps, during the most difficult times, he abstained from eating non-kosher food. He preferred to go hungry rather than to violate a prohibition of the Torah. Only a few dozen kilometers separated between him and freedom, but his strength ran out and he was unable to continue on foot. He stumbled and fell. He was a victim of the Holocaust as were many of our unfortunate brethren, may G-d avenge their blood. No remnant remains of him, for his two small, wonderful daughters also perished. His wife survived, but did not live long after the war, as she died from a malignant illness.
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My brother Mordechai (Marton) of blessed memory
He went very far in his studies. He reached Frankfurt, Germany, where he studied in a Yeshiva and completed a degree in secular studies. He had broad horizons, and was known as a talented agent fluent in several languages. After the war, he was found without any strength by the allied forces. They put him into a hospital. He lay there for an entire year, with his bones concealing skin and flesh. He weighed 48 kilograms, and was literally a skeleton when he was found. He had been a tall, strong man during his good years. He later succeeded in making aliya to the Land, and was active among the immigrants from Hungary in his city of Hadera. He assisted everyone who had a depressed spirit and who was in need. Everyone honored him, and wept bitterly and eulogized him after he died, for they had lost a brother and a friend, the likes of which will not come again. May his soul be bound in the bonds of eternal life.
My brother Chaim, may he live long
He lost his wife and children in the Holocaust. With his own eyes, he saw their wagon transporting them to the train cars for extermination. At that time, he worked several meters from the road laying railway tracks as a forced laborer in the camp. His soul went out to them. They waved to him with their hands, and he never saw them again. May G-d avenge their blood.
Who can enumerate and evaluate the magnitude of the terrible tragedy that befell our nation. All the rivers of the earth and all the waters of the seas cannot wipe away this horrible iniquity. It will be an eternal disgrace, and a cause of weeping for all generations.
Translator's Footnotes
by Yehudit Reichberger (Landau) of Bnei Brak
In a few lines, I will attempt to establish a memorial for our family, and for the Jewish residents in the entire village who were for the most part related to us. I am speaking of Bătarci near Halmeu, and of the Landau and Libi families.
My grandfathers were Reb Leibish Leb and Reb Yisrael Landau. They were the ones who, in its time, organized the settlement of Jews in the village. At the time of the Holocaust, about 45 families lived there. Of them, only a few individuals returned.
The economic situation of the Jews was comfortable. Everyone had his own house, as well as the land needed for his livelihood. There were Jews who were grocers
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and butchers, grain and lumber merchants, owners of taverns, owners of liquor distilleries, tailors, and shoemakers. The main thing was that there was a strong measure of love of one's fellow Jew, fitting with their zealously religious way of life.
Even the simplest Jews did not withhold their money, and they educated their children in Yeshivas. No Jewish person was a boor or an ignoramus. The result was that 70 percent of the residents wore streimels.
A small Yeshiva functioned in the village, headed by the shochet and rabbinical judge Rabbi Yosef of blessed memory, a well-known scholar and fearer of Heaven. My grandfather was a great scholar and a very wealthy man who owned estates. His son Reb Yaakov Hirsch Libi was a pleasant man, engaged in many activities, and served as the head of the community. He, his wife Bryna, and his children perished in Auschwitz. His son David perished in a work camp. Aunt Pesia and her family, Aunt Rivka Gitel and her family were captured in an ambulance in which they were trying to escape. Reb Yoelish the Satmar Rebbe was also there. They were taken to Auschwitz.
Grandmother's brother Reb Izak Shalom Leb of blessed memory owned a flour mill behind the bridge in Satmar. Yisrael Leib Weiss, his wife Shprintza, and their children Miriam, Shimon, Rivka, Yechiel, Perl, Malka, Menashe, Chana, and their families were all murdered in sanctification of the Divine Name.
Uncle Reb Yisrael Leb loved to help everyone in need, and everyone who turned to him. He was known as a man who liked to save and preserve every small item. He was a great expert in the fowl industry, especially in fattening ducks.
My grandfather Reb Yisrael Landau was well known in his generation as a scholar, a fearer of Heaven, a Hassid, as well as a giver of charity. He had good connections with the authorities, to the point where the regional commander came to him for advice one Sabbath and he was forced to push off the discussion with him because he was in the middle of giving his class in the synagogue.
He was dedicated to redeeming prisoners under the pretext that he was in need of farming help. He would dress them in Hassidic garb. One Jew who was a Misnaged of Lithuanian ancestry who had been imprisoned said that, Having no other choice, I too am a Hassid. He died long before the Holocaust and is buried in the cemetery of Satmar. On the other hand, his righteous wife, my grandmother Chaya Bluma, perished in Auschwitz at the age of 85 along with her children.
Our dear father Reb Menachem Mendel Landau was the son-in-law of the head of the rabbinical court of Tymon (near Pressburg). His wife, our dear mother, was the pride of our family. Father was a genius, who was great in Torah. He studied in the most famous Yeshivas in the upper district of Hungary and Germany, where he also obtained secular education. He always inspired us with his melody of Gemara study. We had fields, and also had our own house in Halmeu. The
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third Sabbath meal would take place every Sabbath in our house, as would the Mincha and Maariv services on winter nights. During those times, the conversation would revolve around a new tune that we had succeeded in bringing from the outside, and also whose turn it was to lead the invocation to the Grace After Meals. Of course, the decider was my father of blessed memory.
Unforgettable memories remain with me regarding the gathering of communal members at our home for the Counting of the Omer on the second day of Passover, when they sang and danced until daybreak, and concluded with Next Year in Jerusalem. However, who from among them merited thus? To our great sorrow, almost all of them went up as burnt offerings in Auschwitz, including my father Menachem Mendel of blessed memory, my mother Sara, my brothers Libi, Mordechai, Meir, and Berl, and my sister Gila who disappeared immediately after the liberation. Can I ever forget them, especially my dear mother who offered assistance and advice during times of trouble to all people of the town who turned to her? May her memory be a blessing!
My uncle, my father's brother Menashe Wolf (Shindor) of blessed memory was the son-in-law of the genius (Gaon) of Saint Mihai. He was a well-known scholar, wore a streimel, and dedicated all of his free time solely to the study of Torah. He had his own Beis Midrash, and a special room to entertain guests. He owned a flour mill as well as estates. Only one of his nine children survived. The rest perished in the Holocaust his wife Rivka and his children Sara, Pesia, Esther, Tovia, Yeta, Yisrael Yuda, Avraham, and Reizel, may G-d avenge their blood.
Vibrant Jews lived in the village. The joyous days of Purim left a special impression upon me, as did Simchat Torah, when people gathered in our house and then went into every Jewish house on the way to my uncle Menashe Wolf Landau, where they danced until after midnight. They would conclude the celebration of the holiday with the Shacharit service at dawn at the home of my other uncle, Reb Yaakov Hirsh Libi, who was generally in a good spirit, and was an expert in Jewish song and dance, along with Meir Green of blessed memory.
Reb Alter Landau, my father's brother was also a scholar, the owner of tavern and well-known hotel. He also perished in the Holocaust along with his family and children Feiga and her husband Avraham Wieder, Helen and her husband Yaakov Green, Iren and his family, Otto, and Zalman, Tova Katz and her husband Avraham Katz the head of the rabbinical court of Nemşa the brother of the rabbi of Risk and who now serves as the rabbi of the Satmar neighborhood of Bnei Brak along with his family members Mendel and Bat Sheva, Dov and his family, Sima Yeta and Yosef and their family, Esther Elenboigen and her husband Naftali and their children Yisrael, Menachem, and Perl, Chana Feier and her husband, Yitzchak Menachem and his family, Menashe and his family, Yuda Leib, Berl, Luli, Leichu and her children from Satmar. Uncle Meir Roiz and his children, Yona and Yisrael Weiss all of them perished and were murdered in sanctification of the Divine name. They worked and toiled all their lives in order to attain a better future and to seek a new homeland once the evil would end in the world. However, to our sorrow, they did not merit such, and they did not even have a Jewish burial.
[Page 99]
It is our wish in these lines to establish a monument for them and to wish that their great merit will stand for us and for the Holocaust survivors for a life of calm and peace in our free country, and that we will all merit to witness the complete redemption, speedily and in our days, Amen.
JewishGen, Inc. makes no representations regarding the accuracy of
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for verification.
JewishGen is not responsible for inaccuracies or omissions in the original work and cannot rewrite or edit the text to correct inaccuracies and/or omissions.
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Updated 12 Jun 2013 by JH


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By Father Scott M. Lewis, SJ
Special to Catholic News Service
There are striking differences between John's Gospel and the three "synoptic" Gospels (Matthew, Mark, and Luke).
The presentation of Jesus is the most prominent of these differences. Mark portrays Jesus as the "man of sorrows" who suffers and dies abandoned and misunderstood by all. From the cross he cries out, "My God, My God, why have you abandoned me?"
John's Jesus, on the other hand, is a man of power and glory, the complete master of his fate in every circumstance. This majestic and omniscient figure moves with confidence and purpose towards the cross and experiences the Passion with something approaching serenity. One scholar aptly described John's Jesus as "God striding across the face of the earth."
The synoptic Gospels are filled with the miracles of Jesus, and they are described as dynamis or deeds of power. Each miracle announces the arrival and presence of the kingdom or reign of God. In the fourth Gospel, on the other hand, there are only seven miracles — seven being a sacred number — and they are referred to as semeia or signs. Each miracle is an authenticating sign of the identity of Jesus as the one sent from above into the world.
In Mark, it seems that all of Galilee was teeming with demons — exorcisms play a prominent role in the ministry of Jesus. Exorcisms are conspicuously absent in John. But there is another glaring difference in detail that no amount of intellectual contortions will reconcile. In the synoptic tradition Jesus makes only one journey to Jerusalem as an adult — his first and last. Upon entering Jerusalem he "cleanses" the temple, an act considered so threatening by the authorities that they plot his death. The temple cleansing is the last significant public act of Jesus.
The fourth Gospel has Jesus making at least three journeys to Jerusalem, which is probably more historically accurate. Not only that, the temple "cleansing" takes place at the very beginning of his ministry, his first significant public act and one that initiates tension and controversy with the authorities. The "last straw" for the authorities in John is the raising of Lazarus, which is not even mentioned in the synoptic tradition.
We should not try to reconcile or harmonize John with the other three, for the integrity of each of the four Gospels must be respected. Each of the Gospels has a distinct theology and way of presenting the life and the significance of Jesus.
John is easily misunderstood if read in a literal or superficial manner. Things are never as they seem, for words and symbols have subtle shades of meaning and levels of understanding. Water is never just water; bread is more than bread. Ordinary words are used to convey higher spiritual truths, a reality of which most people are blissfully unaware.
John makes extensive use of irony — a literary device that draws the reader into the perspective of the narrator or author. The character in the story does not grasp the irony and is the hapless "victim," while the reader — clearly in the know — is drawn deeper into the story. Most of the irony is centered on the origin and identity of Jesus as well as his death.
Chapter 9 — the story of the man born blind — is a good example of deep symbolism, for blindness is used to portray the human inability to perceive spiritual truth. Chapter 6, in which Jesus describes himself as the "bread come down from heaven" and his flesh and blood as a source of spiritual sustenance and life, further illustrates John's use of metaphor and symbol.
We should be wary of reading John too quickly or thinking that we understand a passage clearly. Each verse must be interpreted in terms of John's overall theology and spiritual lexicon.


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This Months Real Estate Insider Newsletter
Each month, we publish a series of articles of interest to homeowners — money-saving tips, household safety checklists, home improvement advice, real estate insider secrets, etc. Whether you currently are in the market for a new home, or not, we hope that this information is of value to you. Please feel free to pass these articles on to your family and friends.
| Can Your Kitchen Pass the Food Safety Test?
What comes to mind when you think of a clean kitchen? Shiny waxed floors? Gleaming stainless steel sinks? Spotless counters and neatly arranged cupboards?
They can help, but a truly "clean" kitchen–that is, one that ensures safe food–relies on more than just looks. It also depends on safe food practices.
In the home, food safety concerns revolve around three main functions: food storage, food handling, and cooking. To see how well you're doing in each, take this quiz, and then read on to learn how you can make the meals and snacks from your kitchen the safest possible.
Choose the answer that best describes the practice in your household, whether or not you are the primary food handler.
1. The temperature of the refrigerator in my home is:
2. The last time we had leftover cooked stew or other food with meat, chicken or fish, the food was:
3. The last time the kitchen sink drain, disposal and connecting pipe in my home were sanitized was:
4. If a cutting board is used in my home to cut raw meat, poultry or fish and it is going to be used to chop another food, the board is:
5. The last time we had hamburgers in my home, I ate mine:
6. The last time there was cookie dough in my home, the dough was:
7. I clean my kitchen counters and other surfaces that come in contact with food with:
8. When dishes are washed in my home, they are:
9. The last time I handled raw meat, poultry or fish, I cleaned my hands afterwards by:
10. Meat, poultry and fish products are defrosted in my home by:
11. When I buy fresh seafood, I:
12. I realize people, including myself, should be especially careful about not eating raw seafood, if they have:
1. Refrigerators should stay at 41 ° F (5 ° C) or less, so if you chose answer B, give yourself two points. If you didn't, you're not alone. Many people overlook the importance of maintaining an appropriate refrigerator temperature.
The refrigerator temperature in many households is above 50 degrees (10 ° C). Measure the temperature with a thermometer and, if needed, adjust the refrigerator's temperature control dial. A temperature of 41 ° F (5 ° C) or less is important because it slows the growth of most bacteria. The temperature won't kill the bacteria, but it will keep them from multiplying, and the fewer there are, the less likely you are to get sick from them. Freezing at zero ° F (minus 18 ° C) or less stops bacterial growth (although it won't kill all bacteria already present).
2. Answer B is the best practice; give yourself two points if you picked it.
Hot foods should be refrigerated as soon as possible within two hours after cooking. But don't keep the food if it's been standing out for more than two hours. Don't taste test it, either. Even a small amount of contaminated food can cause illness.
Date leftovers so they can be used within a safe time. Generally, they remain safe when refrigerated for three to five days. If in doubt, throw it out.
3. If answer A best describes your household's practice, give yourself two points. Give yourself one point if you chose B.
The kitchen sink drain, disposal and connecting pipe are often overlooked, but they should be sanitized periodically by pouring down the sink a solution of 1 teaspoon (5 milliliters) of chlorine bleach in 1 quart (about 1 liter) of water or a solution of commercial kitchen cleaning agent made according to product directions. Food particles get trapped in the drain and disposal and, along with the moistness, create an ideal environment for bacterial growth.
4. If answer D best describes your household's practice, give yourself two points.
If you picked A, you're violating an important food safety rule: Never allow raw meat, poultry and fish to come in contact with other foods. Answer B isn't good, either. Improper washing, such as with a damp cloth, will not remove bacteria. And washing only with soap and water may not do the job, either.
5. Give yourself two points if you picked answer C.
If you don't have a meat thermometer, there are other ways to determine whether seafood is done:
6. If you answered A, you may be putting yourself at risk for infection with Salmonella enteritidis, a bacterium that can be in shell eggs. Cooking the egg or egg-containing food product to an internal temperature of at least 145 ° F (63 ° C) kills the bacteria. So answer C–eating the baked product–will earn you two points.
You'll get two points for answer B, also. Foods containing raw eggs, such as homemade ice cream, cake batter, mayonnaise, and eggnog, carry a Salmonella risk, but their commercial counterparts don't. Commercial products are made with pasteurized eggs; that is, eggs that have been heated sufficiently to kill bacteria, and also may contain an acidifying agent that kills the bacteria. Commercial preparations of cookie dough are not a food hazard.
If you want to sample homemade dough or batter or eat other foods with raw-egg-containing products, consider substituting pasteurized eggs for raw eggs. Pasteurized eggs are usually sold in the grocer's refrigerated dairy case.
Some other tips to ensure egg safety:
7. Answers C or D will earn you two points each; answer B, one point. According to FDA's Guzewich, bleach and commercial kitchen cleaning agents are the best sanitizers–provided they're diluted according to product directions. They're the most effective at getting rid of bacteria. Hot water and soap does a good job, too, but may not kill all strains of bacteria. Water may get rid of visible dirt, but not bacteria.
Also, be sure to keep dishcloths and sponges clean because, when wet, these materials harbor bacteria and may promote their growth.
8. Answers A and C are worth two points each. There are potential problems with B and D. When you let dishes sit in water for a long time, it "creates a soup," FDA's Buchanan said. "The food left on the dish contributes nutrients for bacteria, so the bacteria will multiply." When washing dishes by hand, he said, it's best to wash them all within two hours. Also, it's best to air-dry them so you don't handle them while they're wet.
9. The only correct practice is answer C. Give yourself two points if you picked it.
Wash hands with warm water and soap for at least 20 seconds before and after handling food, especially raw meat, poultry and fish. If you have an infection or cut on your hands, wear rubber or plastic gloves. Wash gloved hands just as often as bare hands because the gloves can pick up bacteria. (However, when washing gloved hands, you don't need to take off your gloves and wash your bare hands, too.)
10. Give yourself two points if you picked B or C. Food safety experts recommend thawing foods in the refrigerator or the microwave oven or putting the package in a water-tight plastic bag submerged in cold water and changing the water every 30 minutes. Gradual defrosting overnight is best because it helps maintain quality.
When microwaving, follow package directions. Leave about 2 inches (about 5 centimeters) between the food and the inside surface of the microwave to allow heat to circulate. Smaller items will defrost more evenly than larger pieces of food. Foods defrosted in the microwave oven should be cooked immediately after thawing.
Do not thaw meat, poultry and fish products on the counter or in the sink without cold water; bacteria can multiply rapidly at room temperature.
Marinate food in the refrigerator, not on the counter. Discard the marinade after use because it contains raw juices, which may harbor bacteria. If you want to use the marinade as a dip or sauce, reserve a portion before adding raw food.
11. A and B are correct. Give yourself two points for either.
When buying fresh seafood, buy only from reputable dealers who keep their products refrigerated or properly iced. Be wary, for example, of vendors selling fish out of their creel (canvas bag) or out of the back of their truck.
Once you buy the seafood, immediately put it on ice, in the refrigerator or in the freezer. Some other tips for choosing safe seafood:
12. If you are under treatment for any of these diseases, as well as several others, you should avoid raw seafood. Give yourself two points for knowing one or more of the risky conditions.
People with certain diseases and conditions need to be especially careful because their diseases or the medicine they take may put them at risk for serious illness or death from contaminated seafood.
These conditions include:
People with these diseases or conditions should never eat raw seafood — only seafood that has been thoroughly cooked.
Rating Your Home's Food Practices
24 points: Feel confident about the safety of foods served in your home.
12 to 23 points: Reexamine food safety practices in your home. Some key rules are being violated.
11 points or below: Take steps immediately to correct food handling, storage and cooking techniques used in your home. Current practices are putting you and other members of your household in danger of food-borne illness.
|The 9 Step System To Get Your Home Sold Fast and For Top Dollar The Real Estate Market Has Changed . . .
"Buyers are far more discriminating, and a large percentage of the homes listed for sale don't sell the first time. It's more critical than ever to learn what you need to know to avoid costly seller mistakes in order to sell your home fast and for the most amount of money."
The 9 Step System to Get Your Home Sold Fast and For Top Dollar
Selling your home is one of the most important steps in your life. This 9 step system will give you the tools you need to maximize your profits, maintain control, and reduce the stress that comes with the homeselling process:
1. Know why you're selling, and keep it to yourself.
The reasons behind your decision to sell affect everything from setting a price to deciding how much time and money to invest in getting your home ready for sale. What's more important to you: the money you walk away with, or the length of time your property is on the market? Different goals will dictate different strategies.
However, don't reveal your motivation to anyone else or they may use it against you at the negotiating table. When asked, simply say that your housing needs have changed.
2. Do your homework before setting a price.
Settling on an offering price shouldn't be done lightly. Once you've set your price, you've told buyers the absolute maximum they have to pay for your home, but pricing too high is as dangerous as pricing too low. Remember that the average buyer is looking at 15-20 homes at the same time they are considering yours. This means that they have a basis of comparison, and if your home doesn't compare favorably with others in the price range you've set, you won't be taken seriously by prospects or agents. As a result, your home will sit on the market for a long time and, knowing this, new buyers on the market will think there must be something wrong with your home.
3. Do your homework.
(In fact, your agent should do this for you). Find out what homes in your own and similar neighborhoods have sold for in the past 6-12 months, and research what current homes are listed for. That's certainly how prospective buyers will assess the worth of your home.
4. Find a good real estate agent to represent your needs.
Nearly three-quarters of homeowners claim that they wouldn't use the same realtor who sold their last home. Dissatisfaction boils down to poor communication which results in not enough feedback, lower pricing and strained relations. Another FREE report entitled 10 Questions to Ask Before You Hire an Agent gives you the straight, to-the-point questions you should be asking when you interview agents who want to list your home. You can obtain a FREE copy of this report from my website.
5. Maximize your home's sales potential.
Each year, corporate North America spends billions on product and packaging design. Appearance is critical, and it would be foolish to ignore this when selling your home.
You may not be able to change your home's location or floor plan, but you can do a lot to improve its appearance. The look and feel of your home generates a greater emotional response than any other factor. Clean like you've never cleaned before. Pick up, straighten, unclutter, scrub, scour and dust. Fix everything, no matter how insignificant it may appear. Present your home to get a "wow" response from prospective buyers.
Allow the buyers to imagine themselves living in your home. The decision to buy a home is based on emotion, not logic. Prospective buyers want to try on your home just like they would a new suit of clothes. If you follow them around pointing out improvements or if your decor is so different that it's difficult for a buyer to strip it away in his or her mind, you make it difficult for them to feel comfortable enough to imagine themselves an owner.
6. Make it easy for prospects to get information on your home.
You may be surprised to know that some marketing tools that most agents use to sell homes (eg. traditional open houses) are actually not very effective. In fact only 1% of homes are sold at an open house.
Furthermore, the prospects calling for information on your home probably value their time as much as you do. The last thing they want to be subjected to is either a game of telephone tag with an agent, or an unwanted sales pitch. Make sure the ads your agent places for your home are attached to a 24 hour prerecorded hotline with a specific ID# for your home which gives buyers access to detailed information about your property day or night 7 days a week without having to talk to anyone. It's been proven that 3 times as many buyers call for information on your home under this system. And remember, the more buyers you have competing for your home the better, because it sets up an auction-like atmosphere that puts you in the driver's seat.
7. Know your buyer.
In the negotiation process, your objective is to control the pace and set the duration. What is your buyer's motivation? Does s/he need to move quickly? Does s/he have enough money to pay you your asking price? Knowing this information gives you the upper hand in the negotiation because you know how far you can push to get what you want.
8. Make sure the contract is complete.
For your part as a seller, make sure you disclose everything. Smart sellers proactively go above and beyond the laws to disclose all known defects to their buyers in writing. If the buyer knows about a problem, s/he can't come back with a lawsuit later on.
Make sure all terms, costs and responsibilities are spelled out in the contract of sale, and resist the temptation to diverge from the contract. For example, if the buyer requests a move-in prior to closing, just say no. Now is not the time to take any chances of the deal falling through.
9. Don't move out before you sell.
Studies have shown that it is more difficult to sell a home that is vacant because it looks forlorn, forgotten, simply not appealing. It could even cost you thousands. If you move, you're also telling buyers that you have a new home and are probably highly motivated to sell fast. This, of course, will give them the advantage at the negotiating table.
For more information about any of our innovative homeowners programs, give us a call.
| Common Mistakes Made With Money and How to Avoid Them
Everybody makes mistakes with their money. The important thing is to keep them to a minimum. And one of the best ways to accomplish that is to learn from the mistakes of others. Here is our list of the top mistakes people make with their money, and what you can do to avoid these mistakes in the first place.
1. Buying items you don't need…and paying extra for them in interest. Every time you have an urge to do a little "impulse buying" and you use your credit card but you don't pay in full by the due date, you could be paying interest on that purchase for months or years to come. Spending money for something you really don't need can be a big waste of your money. But you can make the matter worse, a lot worse, by putting the purchase on a credit card and paying monthly interest charges.
Research major purchases and comparison shop before you buy. Ask yourself if you really need the item. Even better, wait a day or two, or just a few hours, to think things over rather than making a quick and costly decision you may come to regret.
There are good reasons to pay for major purchases with a credit card, such as extra protections if you have problems with the items. But if you charge a purchase with a credit card instead of paying by cash, check or debit card (which automatically deducts the money from your bank account), be smart about how you repay. For example, take advantage of offers of "zero-percent interest" on credit card purchases for a certain number of months (but understand when and how interest charges could begin).
And, pay the entire balance on your credit card or as much as you can to avoid or minimize interest charges, which can add up significantly.
If you pay only the minimum amount due on your credit card, you may end up paying more in interest charges than what the item cost you to begin with. Example: If you pay only the minimum payment due on a $1,000 computer, let's say it's about $20 a month, your total cost at an Annual Percentage Rate of more than 18 percent can be close to $3,000, and it will take you nearly 19 years to pay it off.
2. Getting too deeply in debt. Being able to borrow allows us to buy clothes or computers, take a vacation or purchase a home or a car. But taking on too much debt can be a problem, and each year millions of adults of all ages find themselves struggling to pay their loans, credit cards and other bills.
3. Learn to be a good money manager. Also recognize the warning signs of a serious debt problem. These may include borrowing money to make payments on loans you already have, deliberately paying bills late, and putting off doctor visits or other important activities because you think you don't have enough money.
If you believe you're experiencing debt overload, take corrective measures. For example, try to pay off your highest interest rate loans (usually your credit cards) as soon as possible, even if you have higher balances on other loans. For new purchases, instead of using your credit card, try paying with cash, a check or a debit card.
There are also reliable credit counselors you can turn to for help at little or no cost. Unfortunately, you also need to be aware that there are scams masquerading as 'credit repair clinics' and other companies, such as 'debt consolidators', that may charge big fees for unfulfilled promises or services you can perform on your own.
4. Paying bills late or otherwise tarnishing your reputation. Companies called credit bureaus prepare credit reports for use by lenders, employers, insurance companies, landlords and others who need to know someone's financial reliability, based largely on each person's track record paying bills and debts. Credit bureaus, lenders and other companies also produce "credit scores" that attempt to summarize and evaluate a person's credit record using a point system.
While one or two late payments on your loans or other regular commitments (such as rent or phone bills) over a long period may not seriously damage your credit record, making a habit of it will count against you. Over time you could be charged a higher interest rate on your credit card or a loan that you really want and need. You could be turned down for a job or an apartment. It could cost you extra when you apply for auto insurance. Your credit record will also be damaged by a bankruptcy filing or a court order to pay money as a result of a lawsuit.
So, pay your monthly bills on time. Also, periodically review your credit reports from to make sure their information accurately reflects the accounts you have.
5. Having too many credit cards. Two to four cards (including any from department stores, oil companies and other retailers) is the right number for most adults. Why not more cards?
The more credit cards you carry, the more inclined you may be to use them for costly impulse buying. In addition, each card you own even the ones you don't use represents money that you could borrow up to the card's spending limit. If you apply for new credit you will be seen as someone who, in theory, could get much deeper in debt and you may only qualify for a smaller or costlier loan.
Also be aware that card companies aggressively market their products on college campuses, at concerts, ball games or other events often attended by young adults. Their offers may seem tempting and even harmless perhaps a free T-shirt or Frisbee, or 10 percent off your first purchase if you just fill out an application for a new card but you've got to consider the possible consequences we've just described. Don't sign up for a credit card just to get a great-looking T-shirt. You may be better off buying that shirt at the store for $14.95 and saving yourself the potential costs and troubles from that extra card.
6. Not watching your expenses. It's very easy to overspend in some areas and take away from other priorities, including your long-term savings. Our suggestion is to try any system ranging from a computer-based budget program to hand-written notes that will help you keep track of your spending each month and enable you to set and stick to limits you consider appropriate. A budget doesn't have to be complicated, intimidating or painful just something that works for you in getting a handle on your spending.
7. Not saving for your future. We know it can be tough to scrape together enough money to pay for a place to live, a car and other expenses each month. But experts say it's also important for young people to save money for their long-term goals, too, including perhaps buying a home, owning a business or saving for your retirement (even though it may be 40 or 50 years away).
Start by "paying yourself first". That means even before you pay your bills each month you should put money into savings for your future. Often the simplest way is to arrange with your bank or employer to automatically transfer a certain amount each month to a savings account or to purchase a Savings Bond or an investment, such as a mutual fund that buys stocks and bonds.
Even if you start with just $25 or $50 a month you'll be significantly closer to your goal. The important thing is to start saving as early as you can even saving for your retirement when that seems light-years away so you can benefit from the effect of compound interest. Compound interest refers to when an investment earns interest, and later that combined amount earns more interest, and on and on until a much larger sum of money is the result after many years.
Banking institutions pay interest on savings accounts that they offer. However, bank deposits aren't the only way to make your money grow. Investments, which include stocks, bonds and mutual funds, can be attractive alternatives to bank deposits because they often provide a higher rate of return over long periods, but remember that there is the potential for a temporary or permanent loss in value.
8. Paying too much in fees. Whenever possible, use your own financial institution's automated teller machines or the ATMs owned by financial institutions that don't charge fees to non-customers. You can pay $1 to $4 in fees if you get cash from an ATM that isn't owned by your financial institution or isn't part of an ATM "network" that your bank belongs to.
Try not to "bounce" checks that is, writing checks for more money than you have in your account, which can trigger fees from your financial institution (about $15 to $30 for each check) and from merchants. The best precaution is to keep your checkbook up to date and closely monitor your balance, which is easier to do with online and telephone banking. Remember to record your debit card transactions from ATMs and merchants so that you will be sure to have enough money in your account when those withdrawals are processed by you bank.
Financial institutions also offer "overdraft protection" services that can help you avoid the embarrassment and inconvenience of having a check returned to a merchant. But be careful before signing up because these programs come with their own costs. Whenever possible, use your own financial institution's automated teller machines or the ATMs owned by institutions that don't charge fees to non-customers.
Pay off your credit card balance each month, if possible, so you can avoid or minimize interest charges. Also send in your payment on time to avoid additional fees. If you don't expect to pay your credit card bill in full most months, consider using a card with a low interest rate and a generous "grace period" (the number of days before the card company starts charging you interest on new purchases).
9. Not taking responsibility for your finances. Do a little comparison shopping to find accounts that match your needs at the right cost. Be sure to review your bills and bank statements as soon as possible after they arrive or monitor your accounts periodically online or by telephone. You want to make sure there are no errors, unauthorized charges or indications that a thief is using your identity to commit fraud.
Keep copies of any contracts or other documents that describe your bank accounts, so you can refer to them in a dispute. Also remember that the quickest way to fix a problem usually is to work directly with your bank or other service provider.


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Eco-Friendly Art
The peculiar, erratic stylings of a motorcycle-turned-trumpet are what first meet the ears of visitors to Beyond Green: Toward a Sustainable Art, a traveling exhibition now on display in the Hoffman Gallery of Contemporary Art at Lewis & Clark.
The rumblings come from Returning a Sound, a video by artists Allora & Calzadilla. It follows the path of Homar, a civil disobedient, as he motors through the verdant terrain of Vieques, an island off Puerto Rico, which until 2003 was used by U.S. and NATO forces to practice military bombing exercises.
Beyond Green brings together 13 artists and artist groups from North America and Europe, all of whom incorporate sustainable thinking in their art and social change in their message. Many of the artists work collaboratively and leaven serious social aims with playful, off-the-grid spark. Their approaches range from the metaphorical to the pragmatic, sometimes serving as models for audience activism.
Linda Tesner, director of the Hoffman Gallery, was delighted to bring Beyond Green to Lewis & Clark, both for the college, which has made sustainability a significant goal and priority, and particularly for art students: "I think it's important to present a variety of opportunities to our students. There are other models out there for 'being an artist' besides toiling away in isolation in one's studio."
Beyond Green is on view through December 7.


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Wisconsin is in some unfamiliar territory.
Wisconsin is in some unfamiliar territory.
No, not the Big Ten title game. The Badgers count as grizzled veterans after playing in last year's inaugural conference championship, well acquainted with all the hype and hoopla that comes with it. A trip to the Rose Bowl isn't so daunting, either. The Badgers, after all, rang in the last two New Years in Pasadena.
It's being so, well, mediocre, that's new for Wisconsin. Winners of the Big Ten title the last two years, the Badgers are getting a chance at the first three-peat in school history Saturday ? by default. With Ohio State and Penn State ineligible for the postseason, it's Wisconsin playing No. 14 Nebraska on Saturday for the title and a trip to the Rose Bowl.
"Obviously it is different and strange this year because of our record going into this game," said Montee Ball, who last week became major college football's all-time touchdown leader. "But it's not our fault what happened to the teams that can't play in this game. We're most definitely going to take the opportunity and we're going to run with it. We're going to go to Indianapolis and play hard."
Wisconsin (7-5, 4-4 Big Ten) stumbled to the finish of the regular season with three losses in its last four games, all in overtime. It tied for fifth in the Big Ten, and lost more than three conference games for only the second time in coach Bret Bielema's seven seasons.
Most years, that would have relegated the Badgers to a bowl named for an automotive company or bar food, played so early they'd be home in plenty of time to watch the BCS bowls from the comfort of their couches. But somebody had to represent the Leaders Division in the Big Ten title game, and without the Buckeyes and Nittany Lions, the Badgers were the best of the rest.
"I didn't set the rules with how everything has worked out. I didn't pick the teams that were in there," center and team captain Travis Frederick said. "This is how it's worked out, and it's going to come down to us and Nebraska."
To be fair, the Badgers weren't all that far from being a good team. Possibly even a really good one. Only one of their losses was by more than three points, and that was the 21-14 OT loss to Ohio State. Wisconsin led or was tied going into the fourth quarter in three of the losses. It also played its last three games with a quarterback who had played all of three snaps ? that's snaps, not starts ? since the 2009 regular-season finale.
A play here, a play there, and the Badgers could be headed to Indianapolis with a far more impressive record.
The end result, however, would have been exactly the same.
"Obviously we didn't want to lose those games. But one thing coach B told us is that 7-5, 12-0, we'd still be in the same position right now, playing the same team," Ball said.
While the Badgers won't apologize for their record, they're not thrilled with it, either. Wisconsin has come a long way from its bad ol' days when it seemed to have permanent residence in the Big Ten basement, and the Badgers much prefer the spot they've been in the last few years as one of the conference powerhouses.
The five losses are as many as the last two Wisconsin teams had combined, and are the most since the Badgers finished 7-6 in 2008.
"Five losses, and one loss being against Nebraska, we definitely feel we have something to prove against them and to the nation," Ball said.
Beating Nebraska (10-2, 7-1) won't necessarily change the less-than-flattering opinions many people have of the Badgers, either. But it would erase some of the sting from the losses. And, despite the rocky road, put Wisconsin exactly where it hoped to be when the season began.
"At the beginning of the season, we set forth our goals of going back to Indianapolis and going to the Rose Bowl," quarterback Curt Phillips said. "Obviously some of these games haven't gone exactly as we wanted. But these goals are still within our reach. We just have to make the most of it."


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Taylor Swift Peforms 'Iris' With Goo Goo Dolls' Johnny Rzeznik
Taylor Swift's Speak Now Tour draws to a close in New York City on Tuesday (Nov. 22), and the 21-year-old superstar is going out with a bang. At her first of two shows at Madison Square Garden on Monday, Swift invited yet another surprise guest to sing with her. This time, it was Goo Goo Dolls' Johnny Rzeznik there to perform the band's biggest hit, 'Iris.'
Swift was sly about welcoming the singer to the stage, and from the sea of screams that erupted, it was clear that no one was the wiser before the show. "Arguably one of the greatest songs ever written is 'Iris' by the Goo Goo Dolls," the 'Love Story' songstress told her audience, adding that the only thing that could make it better would be if he were there in person to perform the song with her.
Like magic, Rzeznik popped up from the floor of the stage in a cloud of smoke, holding a red acoustic guitar. Swift joined him at the front of the stage as he began to sing the intro, and both artists strummed their respective acoustic guitars as the audience sang along to the 1998 single.
The highlight of Taylor Swift's Speak Now Tour has been surprise guests, as fans never know which artists, and from which genre, will pop up at their local show. To date, the CMA and AMA Entertainer of the Year has welcomed Justin Bieber, Nicki Minaj, B.o.B., Hayley Williams, Switchfoot, Nelly and more to the stage, as well as country crooners Tim McGraw, Kenny Chesney, Ronnie Dunn and Darius Rucker, most recently.
Watch Taylor Swift and Goo Goo Dolls' Johnny Rzeznik Perform 'Iris'


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But this season the weight she is carrying is a little lighter. No longer is the offensive fate of the Lipscomb team sitting almost solely on her shoulders.
She leads the Atlantic Sun Conference in scoring with approximately 20 points per game. Her 23 points in Saturday's 74-69 win against Jacksonville at Allen Arena marked the fifth time this season she has scored 20 or more points and her second time in the last three games.
Providing consistent help offensively has been junior guard Anna Bowers who scored 15 points. Freshman center Jess Reece is picking up confidence offensively. She scored a season high 14 points, her second double figures game of the season, 11 of them in the first half. Her only other double figures game was 10 points against Kennesaw State Dec. 18.
"Having multiple threats on the team is awesome," Bartsokas said. "If I am not on in a game then Anna is probably going to be on and hitting the threes.
"We have people who are going to step up. It has been coming more naturally during the game. When your teammates are doing well you feed off of that."
Bartsokas tied Jacksonville guard Crystal Bell for the game high in scoring.
"Jenna gave us a lot of leadership in scoring and Anna came through in the second half," Bennett said. "Jenna has had some really good games. Even when she is not hitting she does so many other good things."
The Lady Bisons are 7-7, 4-1 in the A-Sun. Jacksonville is 6-7, 1-3 in the conference.
With the win the Lady Bisons ended an eight-game losing streak to Jacksonville dating back to Nov. 30, 2006.
The Lady Bisons led 35-30 at the half. They weathered a major storm in the second half as their 40-32 lead turned into a 42-41 advantage for Jacksonville with 14:14 left to play. Sophomore forward Hannah Phillips connected on a jump shot to give the Lady Bisons a 43-42 edge.
They would not give up the lead again, leading by 10 twice with the last at 69-59 with 3:47 remaining on a pair of free throws by Bowers.
"We would have liked to have opened it up some, but I thought we showed great determination," Bennett said. "Whenever they made those runs we answered them, even when they took the lead. There was no panic.
"Jacksonville is a very good team. They are very athletic. They keep coming after you."
Joining Bell in double figures in points for Jacksonville were guard Ashanti Williams with 17 and forward Lynsey Paschal with 12.
Jacksonville held a 46-31 advantage on the boards with Paschal earning a double-double with a game-high 13 rebounds. Phillips led the Lady Bisons in rebounding with seven.
"She got nine points and hit a good percentage," Bennett said. "She is versatile. She can play the post. She can play a guard. She probably could guard anybody on the floor, at least the one-through-four positions.
"We had a minus-two rebound margin in the second half after a minus-13 in the first half. For most teams it is not a very good goal, but for us if we can stay close in rebounding we have a very good shot."
Freshman guard Haley Nelson returned to the court for the Lady Bisons, but they played without center Chelsea McMeans and forward Valerie Bronson.
"We were short-handed particularly in the post area," Bennett said. "We did a great job of covering for each other. "We are relaxed. No one is feeling pressure to do to this or that. They are having fun."
The Lady Bisons are back in action Monday at 5 when North Florida visits. North Florida lost 65-48 Saturday at Belmont.
Written by Mark McGee, Senior Publisher/Director of Media Relations.


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Gordon Warnke and Joseph Pari have joined Linklaters LLP in the firm's US tax practice as partners.
They joined from dissolved international firm Dewey & LeBoeuf LLP.
Warnke, the former chair of Dewey's tax department, now heads the New York tax practice at Linklaters. He focuses on federal income taxation of domestic and international mergers and acquisitions and the taxation of foreign governmental entities and financial products.
Pari, who is based mainly in Washington, DC, focuses on federal income taxation of mergers, acquisitions and spin-offs. His practice also includes restructurings, bankruptcy and non-bankruptcy workouts and acquisition financing.
The pair have recently worked on MetLife's purchase of American Life Insurance Company from AIG, and The Walt Disney Company's US$4bn acquisition of Marvel Entertainment, among other major media, entertainment, insurance and finance cases.
Linklaters' New York co-managing partner Jeff Norton said: "Gordon and Joseph are great additions to our US tax team. They are both recognised by their clients and peers as top US tax advisors. Their robust industry experience and dynamic leadership skills will enhance our US law practice as a whole. We look forward to their contributions to the firm."
Henk Vanhulle, Linklaters' global head of tax, said: "The appointment of Gordon and Joseph will broaden the firm's already strong global tax practice and further cement our reputation of meeting clients' needs on all aspects of cross-border advisory and transactional matters in the US and throughout the world."
Both are listed in The International Who's Who of Corporate Tax Lawyers.


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Pristine Vinyl Featured in 'Rock Gods and Metal Monsters' Auction
Quiet Riot, Ozzy Osbourne, Van Halen and Kiss are just a few of the classic rock artists whose albums will be represented in Backstage Auctions' 'Rock Gods and Metal Monsters' event being held April 21-29.
The collection of vinyl comes from a variety of sources (including rare wax from private collectors and former record executives), with the majority from a closed record store in Hong Kong. And though most of it leans towards the metal genre, there are definitely some classic rock gems to be found.
In addition, most of the discs are factory-sealed -- and we know from previous reports how this instantly increases the value.
The aforementioned record execs' vinyl is of special interest, as many of those records are advance copies, promotional releases, and Japanese, UK, Dutch, French and German pressings. It's pretty hard to deny the beauty of a shiny obi strip wrapped around a piece of sealed vinyl.
The volume and variety of records within this collection are what make it a very unique sale. More than 1500 records will hit the auction block on April 21, with open bidding available until April 29th. You can get a VIP 'All Access Pass' here to preview the auction for four days before it goes live.
Happy bidding!


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The daughter of a Holocaust survivor spoke to a visiting delegation from Tennessee, recalling her father's visit there years ago when students were just beginning an educational project that would later lead them to build a railcar memorial and establish relationships with Jewish communities across the country.
Editor's note: Ramona Sitko of Dresher delivered the following remarks to the visiting delegation from Whitwell, Tenn., during a Shabbat dinner at Beth Am Israel in Penn Valley.
When my father, Samuel Sitko, was first asked to speak at Whitwell Middle School, there was no Paper Clips movie, and no railcar memorial. My father was living in New York and belonged to a Holocaust survivors group. He and three other survivors were approached by the program director and asked to participate in this project and share their stories.
My father, being himself, was somewhat skeptical and apprehensive about taking this journey from New York to the unknown. He wasn't quite sure what to expect, and felt somewhat anxious as to how he would be perceived. "He was thinking, a community that has no Jews — why would they want to hear my stories about the concentration camps? In fact, prior to his visit to Whitwell, my father never truly shared stories about his experiences in the concentration camps. This was a big risk for him.
When my father returned from Tennessee, he was a changed man. I'll never forget the look in his eyes and the excitement in his voice when he shared his experience with his family — and anyone and everyone who would listen to him. He spoke from the heart as he recounted stories of the outpouring of love and support he received there.
I remember him saying: "They hugged me … they kissed me … they couldn't do enough for us! … It wasn't just the teachers and the students, but the whole community." And he kept repeating, "There are no Jews in the Whitwell community, but they understood our story. They took us in, and embraced us. They treated us as one of their own."
For the Whitwell students, my father was a face that came to symbolize the Holocaust and so brought the horrific stories to life. For my father, the Whitwell community gave him something that the Hitler took away. It gave him hope. It renewed his faith in humankind. It taught him, after so many years of being a survivor and keeping silent, that people really do care and can make a difference in this world.
The Whitwell community taught him that people matter, Jews matter, and most importantly, he mattered. He learned that by telling his stories about the horrors of the concentration camps, communities can join together, accept each other and support each other, regardless of religious beliefs.
When the Paper Clips film was released, my father became something of a local celebrity. A man who never shared his stories and kept silent for so many years, was getting recognized wherever he went — at the malls, the banks, even while taking a stroll in his local town. Strangers would stop him and say with astonishment, "You're that guy — that guy from Paper Clips." Then, they expressed their sorrow, asked him questions and supported him. My father, again learned, that people, even the ones outside of the Whitwell community, really do care and want to make a difference.
My father's biggest fear — and one I think that's held by all survivors — is that people will forget and what they suffered will just be part of the history books. But, you, the students of Whitwell and this whole community, will keep the stories alive. For that, I am forever grateful to the Whitwell Middle School, Sandra Roberts, Linda Hooper, David Smith and, of course, Norman Einhorn of Har Zion Temple, who helped forge the connection between Whitwell and Philadelphia.
But, most importantly, I am thankful for all of the students here tonight who continue to tell these stories and educate various communities about the evils of intolerance so that the tragedies of the Holocaust will never occur again.


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GENEVA — Evidence shows that the Islamic militants who massacred scores of captured Iraqi soldiers "almost certainly" committed war crimes, U.N. human rights chief Navi Pillay said Monday.
Pillay condemned what she called the reported "cold-blooded executions of hundreds of Iraqi hors de combat soldiers, as well as civilians including religious leaders and people associated with the government" in recent days by forces allied with the ISIL.
"Based on corroborated reports from a number of sources, it appears that hundreds of non-combatant men were summarily executed over the past five days, including surrendered or captured soldiers, military conscripts, police and others associated with the government," Pillay said.
She said the exact number of deaths can't yet be verified but "this apparently systematic series of cold-blooded executions, mostly conducted in various locations in the Tikrit area, almost certainly amounts to war crimes."
Earlier in the day, U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon called reports about the slayings "deeply disturbing" and said those responsible must be brought to justice. He warned against sectarian rhetoric in Iraq that could inflame the conflict and the entire region.
The U.N. chief said he welcomed the statement on the need for unity in Iraq made by Grand Ayatollah Sayed Ali Al-Sistani, who he said "represents a deeply influential voice of wisdom and reason."
The Islamic militants who overran cities and towns in Iraq last week have posted graphic photos on a militant website that appear to show masked fighters of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, or ISIL, loading the captives onto flatbed trucks before forcing them to lie face-down in a shallow ditch with their arms tied behind their backs. The final images show the bodies of the captives soaked in blood after being shot at several locations.
Iraq's chief military spokesman, Lt. Gen. Qassim al-Moussawi, confirmed the photos' authenticity Sunday and said he was aware of cases of mass murder of captured Iraqi soldiers in areas held by the ISIL.
"Reports of mass summary executions by ISIL are deeply disturbing and underscore the urgency of bringing the perpetrators of such crimes to justice," Ban said.
He called on all Iraqi leaders to ensure that their followers avoid acts of reprisal.
Ban urged the international community to unite in showing solidarity with Iraq as it confronts "this serious security challenge" and urged all to respect international humanitarian and human rights law as they try to counter terrorism and violence in Iraq.
Pillay said, according to information received by U.N. human rights employees on the ground, forces affiliated with the ISIL also executed the Imam of the Grand Mosque in Mosul on Thursday for refusing to pledge allegiance to ISIL.
Reports of additional executions of religious leaders have also been received, she said, including Saturday when 12 local Imams were allegedly executed in front of Al Israa mosque, also in Mosul, for the same reason.
"The provocative language used by ISIL, which has been talking about 'liquidating herds of sheep' and inciting sectarian tensions, is clearly intended to sow further chaos and bloodshed," Pillay said. "This new wave of fighting and extreme violence is very dangerous, not just to Iraq but to the entire region."


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Child Welfare: An Africentric Perspective
Rutgers University Press, 1991 - 325 pagine
Child Welfare, twenty-one educators call attention to racial disparities in the child welfare system by demonstrating how practices that are successful for white children are often not similarly successful for African American children. Moreover, contributors insist that policymakers and care providers look at African American family life and child development from a culturally-based Africentric perspective. Such a perspective, the book argues, can serve as a catalyst for creativity and innovation in the formulation of policies and practices aimed at improving the welfare of African American children.
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Child welfare: an Africentric perspective
Joyce Everett,Sandra Stukes Chipungu,Bogart R. Leashore
Visualizzazione frammento - 1991
Parole e frasi comuni
abuse and neglect achievement adolescent adoption African Ameri African American child African American children African American community African American families Africentric perspective American and white American Humane Association assess behavior Beverly Hills Billingsley and Giovannoni Black Families Calif chil child abuse Child Development child maltreatment child sexual abuse child welfare policies child welfare services child welfare system children of color context cultural developmental differences dren edited effects environment ethnic experiences extended family factors family members family structure family violence foster Giovannoni 1972 groups guardianship Hispanic human service increased interaction Journal of Marriage living Marriage Martin and Martin ment minority mothers National needs organizations parents percent placement policies and practices poverty prevention problems professional programs protection Psychology race racial racism relationship reported responsibility role sexual Shimkin society socioeconomic stress studies tion values W.E.B. DU BOIS white children workers world views York
Riferimenti a questo libro
Evaluating Family-based Services
Jacquelyn McCroskey,Peter J. Pecora
Anteprima non disponibile - 1995
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To Grandmother's House We Go And Stay: Perspectives on Custodial Grandparents
Carole B. Cox
Anteprima limitata - 2000


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GIMME SHELTER- Couch cocktail: Apply alcohol, soda to stains
Kevin Barnard, Rudy's Rug & Carpet Cleaners
Q: Help! After applying a greasy ointment to a road rash he got in a bike accident, my son plopped down on my upholstered couch. How do I remove the oily stains?
A: Upholstery is really tricky to clean. People are always bringing us stuff they have tried to spot clean themselves, and there's not much we can do. That's because people tend to panic and put everything under the kitchen sink on it. Not only do they spread the stain throughout the fabric, they end up discoloring the entire piece.
"I cleaned it with soap but it looks dirtier," they'll say, not realizing that the soap they used can actually re-soil the fabric if it's not applied and rinsed properly.
Before you get started, find out what kind of fabric you're dealing with. If your upholstery is bright white cotton, linen, or silk, you might want to consider a professional cleaner. These light colored natural fibers can be very difficult to spot clean. However, you can be a little more aggressive with synthetic fibers.
As a rule, upholstered fabrics are delicate, just like your own clothing. If you're not careful washing out a stain on your shirt, you can end up leaving a permanent water ring. Same thing applies with upholstery.
If the stain has been caused by a base, such as a greasy ointment, use rubbing alcohol to break down the stain. If the stain is an acid, such as vomit, the sodium in club soda will break it down. And here's the trick: to avoid leaving a water ring, don't just concentrate on the stained spot– work the alcohol or club soda over the entire area where the stain is located.
After the alcohol has evaporated or the club soda has dried, use a small amount of dish washing liquid and warm water and wash the entire area around the stain again. Next, repeat all of this using very clean or distilled water to remove the excess soap.
Finally, it's important that no moisture be allowed to remain in the fabric. Leave the piece in a dry spot or suck the moisture out with a vacuum.
Kevin Barnard


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This former A+ list mostly movie and television actor who crashed down to his current B- list status is only that high because of his previous work.
His next stint might be in prison if the feds find out about the teen he took on a trip with him to Vegas.
The teen is just 16.
He brought her from Florida.
James Franco


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Message from the Chair, Dr. Merri Lynn Casem
Welcome to the website of the Department of Biological Science at Cal State Fullerton. We offer an undergraduate Bachelor's degree (B.S.) in Biological Science and a thesis-based Master of Science (M.S.) degree in Biology.
We are dedicated to educating the individual student using active-learning, inquiry-based approaches. The undergraduate curriculum provides all biology majors with broad exposure to fundamental biological principles and depth of knowledge within a specialized area of concentration chosen by the student.
Our program is distinctive in the region in the number of excellent opportunities that are available for faculty-mentored undergraduate research and a commitment to integrating teaching and research. Our mission is to help guide students to acquire the skills, develop the attitudes, and master the information necessary to continue their education, obtain desirable employment in biology-related careers, and be productive citizens.
Our graduate degrees prepare students for entry into Ph.D. and health-professions programs, research careers with governmental and non-governmental agencies and in the private sector, and teaching at the two-year college level.