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Summary: Cytolethal distending toxin A/C domain
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Cytolethal distending toxin Edit Wikipedia article
|Cytolethal distending toxin
Crystal structure of the fully assembled Haemophilus ducreyi cytolethal distending toxin
|Pfam clan
Cytolethal distending toxins (abbreviated CDTs) are a class of heterotrimeric toxins produced by certain gram-negative bacteria that display DNase activity.[1][2] These toxins trigger G2/M cell cycle arrest in specific mammalian cell lines, leading to the enlarged or distended cells for which these toxins are named.[3] Affected cells die by apoptosis.[1]
Each toxin consists of three distinct subunits named alphabetically in the order that their coding genes appear in the cdt operon. Cytolethal distending toxins are classified as AB toxins, with an active ("A") subunit that directly damages DNA and a binding ("B") subunit that helps the toxin attach to the target cells. CdtB is the active subunit and a homolog to mammalian DNase I, whereas CdtA and CdtC make up the binding subunit.[4]
Cytolethal distending toxins are produced by gram-negative pathogenic bacteria from the phylum Proteobacteria. Many of these bacteria, including Shigella dysenteriae, Haemophilus ducreyi, and Escherichia coli, infect humans. Bacteria that produce CDTs often persistently colonize their host.[1]
The first recorded observation of a cytolethal-distending toxin was in 1987 in a pathogenic strain in E. coli isolated from a young patient.[3] Later that year, scientists W.M. Johnson and H. Lior published the journal article "Production of Shiga toxin and a cytolethal distending toxin (CLDT) by serogroups of Shigella spp.†In Microbiology Letters.[1] The discovery of other bacteria producing CDT toxins continues to this day.
In 1994 two scientists, Scott and Kaper, successfully cloned and sequenced a cdt operon from another E. coli strain, publishing their accomplishment in Infection and Immunity.[1][5] The three genes discovered were denoted cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC.[5]
In 1997, the first paper of many to show G2/M cell cycle arrest caused by a cytolethal distending toxin was published in Molecular Microbiology.[1] The study focused on another E. coli strain. This paper was followed by a 1999 publication in Infectious Immunity, which demonstrated that H. ducreyi CDT causes cell death via apoptosis. This finding was also confirmed for other cytolethal distending toxins in subsequent studies.
The discovery of the homology of cdtB to mammalian DNase I and the current AB model for the toxin were published in early 2000. [2][6] Further research and the publication of crystal structures for the CDT toxins from two different species continues to support this model.[1]
All known cytolethal distending toxins are produced by gram-negative bacteria in the gamma and epsilon classes of the Proteobacteria phylum. In several cases, the bacteria producing CDT are human pathogens. Medically important CDT producers include:[1]
- Haemophilus ducreyi (chancroids)
- Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (periodontitis)
- Escherichia coli (various diseases)
- Shigella dysenteriae (dysentery)
- Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (typhoid fever)
- Campylobacter upsaliensis (enterocolitis)
- Campylobacter jejuni (enterocolitis)
CDT-producing bacteria are often associated with mucosal linings, such as those in the stomach and intestines, and with persistent infections. The toxins are either secreted freely or associated with the membrane of the producing bacteria.[1]
Individual cytolethal distending toxins are named for the bacterial species that they are isolated from. As of 2011, most scientists have adopted the practice of placing the first letter of both the genus and species in front of the toxin name to reflect its source (i.e., the CDT from Haemaphilus ducreyi is referred to as HdCDT).[1][7] If several subspecies produce different toxins, as in the case of E. coli, Roman numerals may be added after the second letter.[7] Both complete toxins and individual subunits are labeled using this convention.
In response to the continued discovery of additional cytolethal distending toxins, a 2011 review has proposed that the toxin names be expanded to include the first three letters of the species (i.e., HducCDT for Haemaphilus ducreyi CDT).[1]
Cellular Effects
CDT toxins are genotoxins capable of directly damaging DNA in target cells. They are the only AB-type toxins discovered that display DNase activity, allowing them to introduce breaks into the target cell's DNA.[1][4]
In many cell lines including human fibroblasts, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and keratinocytes, CDTs cause G2/M cell cycle arrest, cytoplasmic distension, and eventual cell death via apoptosis.[1][3][8] Most publications attribute the G2/M cycle arrest to the buildup of irreversible DNA damage from the toxin's DNase activity as the trigger for the G2/M cell cycle arrest, but other research suggests that this model is incomplete.[8] The cytoplasmic distension is a direct result of the G2/M cell cycle arrest. The cell enlarges in preparation for mitosis, but cannot divide to restore its normal size. Aside from classical apoptosis, signs of cellular senescence has also been observed in normal and cancer cell lines (fibroblasts, HeLa and U2-OS) after CDT intoxication[9]
In lymphocytes, cell death occurs quickly and is not preceded by significant cytoplasmic distension.[8] The ability of these toxins to effect lymphocytes differently may be advantageous to the bacteria that utilize these toxins, but the mechanism behind this phenomenon is not yet well understood.
Toxin Structure
The active, assembled toxin is a tripartite structure with three distinct subunits- CdtA, CdtB, and CdtC. In terms of function, it is an AB toxin. In this context, the CdtB subunit is actually the catalytically active "A" subunit, and the CdtA and CdtC together form the binding "B" subunit, which helps the toxin bind and enter target cells.[6] Some literature refers to the toxin structure as AB2 to reflect the presence of both CdtA and CdtC.
Different from all other CDTs, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi CDT (SeCDT) has no CdtA and CdtC homologues. However, encoded closely to the active subunit cdtb, the Pertussis-like toxin A and B (pltA/pltB) have been shown to be essential for cellular intoxication.[10] PltA and PltB have a different structure from CdtA and CdtC, thus promoting CdtB activity in a different way. Both PltA and PltB have been found to bind directly to CdtB in vitro.[10] In addition, different from all other CDTs, Salmonella genotoxin is produced only upon bacterial internalization in infected cells, thus the SeCDT traffic may differ remarkably from the canonical ones.
CdtB is considered the active subunit of the CDT holotoxin. Microinjection of CdtB into susceptible cells without CdtA or CdtC results in the G2/M cell cycle arrest and cytoplasmic distension characteristic of CDT toxins.[2] The structure of CdtB is well-conserved between different bacteria. The CdtB subunit is the most sequentially conserved between species.[4] The molecular weight of CdtB ranges from 28 kDa to 29 kDa, depending on the species.[1]
As the active subunit, CdtB is termed the "A" subunit according to the AB toxin model.[1] This confusing nomenclature is due to the naming of the toxin's subunits before their individual functions were understood.
CdtB exhibits at least two enzymatic activities- DNase activity capable of introducing double-strand breaks in DNA, and a phosphatase activity that resembles phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphatase.[2][8] Both activities can be demonstrated in vitro in the absence of the other two subunits.[11] The relative importance of each activity in vivo is unclear.[11] Mutations that reduce either activity also reduce the toxin's ability to induce G2/M phase arrest in at least some of the susceptible cell lines.[2][8]
Similarities to mammalian DNase I
CdtB is functionally homologous to mammalian DNase I and contains a conserved pentapeptide sequence found in all DNase I enzymes to date.[2] In addition, several residues critical to DNase I's ability to break the phosphodiester bonds in the DNA backbone are found in the CdtB structure. A 2002 paper studying the effect of point mutations on five of these residues found that four of the five mutations tested abolished both CdtB's ability to degrade DNA in cell-free extracts and to cause G2/M arrest upon microinjection. The fifth mutation moderately reduced CdtB's activity.[2]
CdtA and CdtC
CdtA and CdtC make up the B subunit of the CDT holotoxin responsible for targeting the CdtB against susceptible cells.[6] Neither subunit appears highly conserved, with sequence identities between different species often lower than 30%.[4] The molecular weight of CdtA ranges from 23 kDa to 30 kDa, whereas CdtC ranges from 19 kDa to 21 kDa depending on the species.[1]
CdtA and CdtC are both believed to bind to the surface of target cells. The exact mechanism of this binding is unclear, and may not be conserved between CDT toxins from different species.[1][11] Proposed targets of CdtA and CdtC binding have included cholesterol, N-linked glycans, and glycosphingolipids.[11] Current research has produced conflicting results on the actual importance of these proposed targets.[1][11] Both CdtA and CdtC contain lectin domains,[12] suggesting that the toxin may bind via carbohydrates on the target cell's surface, whereas other research has suggested that the targets are surface proteins.[1]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Jinadasa RN, Bloom SE, Weiss RS, Duhamel GE (July 2011). "Cytolethal distending toxin: a conserved bacterial genotoxin that blocks cell cycle progression, leading to apoptosis of a broad range of mammalian cell lineages". Microbiology. 157 (Pt 7): 1851–75. doi:10.1099/mic.0.049536-0. PMC 3167888. PMID 21565933.
- ^ a b c d e f g Cherilyn A. Elwell, Lawrence A. Dreyfus (2000). "DNase I homologous residues in CdtB are critical for cytolethal distending toxin-mediated cell cycle arrest". Molecular Microbiology. 37 (4): 952–963. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.02070.x.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
- ^ a b c Dreyfus, Lawrence, A. (2003), "Cyotlethal Distending Toxin", in D. Burns; et al. (eds.), Bacterial Protein Toxins, Washington, DC: ASM Press, pp. 257–270
- ^ a b c d Guerra L, Cortes-Bratti X, Guidi R, Frisan T (March 2011). "The biology of the cytolethal distending toxins". Toxins. 3 (12): 172–90. doi:10.3390/toxins3030172. PMC 3202825. PMID 22069704.
- ^ a b Scott DA, Kaper JB (January 1994). "Cloning and sequencing of the genes encoding Escherichia coli cytolethal distending toxin". Infection and Immunity. 62 (1): 244–51. PMC 186093. PMID 8262635.
- ^ a b c Lara-Tejero M, Galán JE (July 2001). "CdtA, CdtB, and CdtC form a tripartite complex that is required for cytolethal distending toxin activity". Infection and Immunity. 69 (7): 4358–65. doi:10.1128/IAI.69.7.4358-4365.2001. PMC 98507. PMID 11401974.
- ^ a b Cortes-Bratti, Teresa Frisan, Monica Thelestam. (2001). "The Cytolethal Distending Toxins Induce DNA Damage and Cell Cycle Arrest". Toxicon. 39 (11): 1729–1736. doi:10.1016/S0041-0101(01)00159-3.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
- ^ a b c d e Bruce J. Shenker, Mensur Dlakic, Lisa P. Walker, Dave Besack, Eileen Jaffe, Ed LaBelle, Kathleen Boesze-Battaglia. (2007). "A Novel Mode of Action for a Microbial-Derived Immunotoxin: The Cytolethal Distending Toxin Subunit B Exhibits Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-Triphosphate Phosphatase Activity". The Journal of Immunology. 178 (8): 5099–5108. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.178.8.5099. PMC 4472023. PMID 17404292.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
- ^ Blazkova H, Krejcikova K, Moudry P, Frisan T, Hodny Z, Bartek J (January 2010). "Bacterial intoxication evokes cellular senescence with persistent DNA damage and cytokine signalling". Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine. 14 (1–2): 357–67. doi:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00862.x. PMC 3837606. PMID 19650831.
- ^ a b Spanò S, Ugalde JE, Galán JE (January 2008). "Delivery of a Salmonella Typhi exotoxin from a host intracellular compartment". Cell Host & Microbe. 3 (1): 30–8. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2007.11.001. PMID 18191792.
- ^ a b c d e Eshraghi A, Maldonado-Arocho FJ, Gargi A, Cardwell MM, Prouty MG, Blanke SR, Bradley KA (June 2010). "Cytolethal distending toxin family members are differentially affected by alterations in host glycans and membrane cholesterol". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 285 (24): 18199–207. doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.112912. PMC 2881744. PMID 20385557.
- ^ Nesić D, Hsu Y, Stebbins CE (May 2004). "Assembly and function of a bacterial genotoxin". Nature. 429 (6990): 429–33. doi:10.1038/nature02532. PMID 15164065.
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Cytolethal distending toxin A/C domain Provide feedback
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|Ricin_B_lectin RicinB_lectin_2
|Similarity to PfamA using HHSearch:
This tab holds annotation information from the InterPro database.
InterPro entry IPR003558Escherichia coli, Haemophilus spp and Campylobacter spp. all produce a toxin that is seen to cause distension in certain cell lines [PUBMED:8112838, PUBMED:10203548], which eventually disintegrate and die. This novel toxin, termed cytolethal distending toxin (cdt), has three subunits: A, B and C. Their sizes are approx. 27.7, 29.5 and 19.9kDa respectively [PUBMED:8112838], and they appear to be entirely novel [PUBMED:10203548].
Further research on the complete toxin has revealed that it blocks the cell cycle at stage G2, through inactivation of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1, and without induction of DNA breaks. This leads to multipolar abortive mitosis and micronucleation, associated with centrosomal amplification [PUBMED:10777111]. The roles of each subunit are unclear, but it is believed that they have separate roles in pathogenicity.
This entry represents the A and C subunits.
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|Biological process
|pathogenesis (GO:0009405)
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Pfam Clan
This family is a member of clan Trefoil (CL0066), which has the following description:
This family corresponds to a large set of related beta-trefoil proteins [1]. The beta-trefoil is formed by six two-stranded hairpins [2]. Three of these form a barrel structure and the other three are in a triangular array that caps the barrel. The arrangement of the secondary structures gives the molecules a pseudo 3-fold axis.
The clan contains the following 23 members:AbfB Agglutinin Agglutinin_C Botulinum_HA-17 BTD CDtoxinA DUF569 Fascin FGF FRG1 IL1 IL33 Inhibitor_I48 Inhibitor_I66 Ins145_P3_rec Kunitz_legume Lectin_C_term Lipoprotein_11 MIR NTNH_C Ricin_B_lectin RicinB_lectin_2 Toxin_R_bind_C
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|21 %
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There are 3 interactions for this family. More...
We determine these interactions using iPfam, which considers the interactions between residues in three-dimensional protein structures and maps those interactions back to Pfam families. You can find more information about the iPfam algorithm in the journal article that accompanies the website.
For those sequences which have a structure in the Protein DataBank, we use the mapping between UniProt, PDB and Pfam coordinate systems from the PDBe group, to allow us to map Pfam domains onto UniProt sequences and three-dimensional protein structures. The table below shows the structures on which the CDtoxinA domain has been found. There are 6 instances of this domain found in the PDB. Note that there may be multiple copies of the domain in a single PDB structure, since many structures contain multiple copies of the same protein sequence.
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text: Job Discussion Forums :: View topic - Vows of Poverty ? Get TEFL Certified & Start Your Adventure Today! Job Discussion Forums"The Internet's Meeting Place for ESL/EFL Students and Teachers from Around the World!" FAQ Search Memberlist Usergroups Register Profile Log in to check your private messages Log in Vows of Poverty ? Goto page Previous 1, 2, 3, 4 Next Job Discussion Forums Forum Index -> Poland View previous topic :: View next topic Author Message simon_porter00Joined: 09 Nov 2005Posts: 505Location: Warsaw, Poland Posted: Tue Nov 13, 2012 4:30 am Post subject: Quote: Why do you have to intergrate into Polish life? Many TEFLers behave is though that is obligatory, and there can be a fair amount of one-upmanship in that regard. Obviously you don't have to integrate although to be honest if you don't make some effort then I think you're largely wasting your time travelling in the first place - simply going somewhere else to 'look' at the pretty different buildings is a little shallow IMHO. The problem is with the teachers (mostly American in my experience) who feel that they don't have to integrate because they feel wherever they go should be home from home i.e. everywhere and everyone there should be American, with American ideas, ideals etc. I have very fleetingly known many American (and one or two Brits) who have packed up the Poland project - because the Poles are 'rude', 'cold', 'unhelpful', Poland is 'grey' etc etc without spending anything like enough time to understand why or even adapting themselves to the conditions to allow them to experience a different side of Poland - the hospitality, the charm, the welcoming atmosphere, Christmas/Easter etc - because they think it should be given to them on a plate or they shouldn't have to try. Back to top Master ShakeJoined: 03 Nov 2006Posts: 1202Location: Colorado, USA Posted: Tue Nov 13, 2012 10:04 am Post subject: TwinCentre wrote: The two groups mentioned may be a generalisation and somewhat visible, but I just feel it doesn't well describe the varied cross-section of different people that I met in the Native TEFL industry during my 5 years in Warsaw. I would like to add more distinct groups to the list if I may, supplementing Master Shakes first two: Your group 3 (transients) is basically the same as my group 1 (newbies). The other groups you mention are really just different flavors of my group 2. The distinction that really matters is between teachers who teach at a McLanguage school for a meager salary, and those who do something which is more financially (and probably personally) rewarding. Sure, most newbies have to put in their 1-3 years earning 2k/mo. working an entry level-job. Once that's out of the way, it is possible to more than triple this figure (at least in Warsaw). And if you take the plunge and become a QTS teacher, then you're looking at over 10k/mo. It's also worth mentioning that even 2k/mo. will not see you starving by any means. If you're single it's a livable wage, especially if you want to try living 'like a local.' Well, minus babcia's homemade dinners. Back to top TwinCentreJoined: 22 Mar 2007Posts: 273Location: Mokotow Posted: Tue Nov 13, 2012 4:06 pm Post subject: Some good points above. I still think there is every point in living abroad and still not integrating if it makes you happy, and after my many years of experience in different countries, mostly integrating - I might add, I have known plenty who had a wail of a time living just the way they want to. After all - some people like living abroad and just enjoying the expat culture - which can be interesting in itself (maybe Poland isn't the best example - thinking more of Singapore or Dubai). Indeed, I did integrate in Poland to a fair degree after I returned the second time, but to be honest, when I first arrived there on my BC posting, I couldn't be bothered after living in really tough places in the world, Poland seemed just next door to home after North Africa and I wanted to drink a bit, party a bit, and enjoy myself without living out other expats' ideals. And I had a great time. And now I can actually spell 'integrate'...you see, these threads can be useful. Back to top scot47Joined: 10 Jan 2003Posts: 15343 Posted: Wed Nov 14, 2012 1:09 pm Post subject: But do you know the difference between "wail" and "whale" ? Back to top TwinCentreJoined: 22 Mar 2007Posts: 273Location: Mokotow Posted: Wed Nov 14, 2012 4:22 pm Post subject: Yes I do Scot, it can be both Wail and Whale of a time....I hope I really do hope I used to teach English you know....lol Back to top scot47Joined: 10 Jan 2003Posts: 15343 Posted: Wed Nov 14, 2012 6:44 pm Post subject: And wails and whales and Wales ? Back to top TwinCentreJoined: 22 Mar 2007Posts: 273Location: Mokotow Posted: Wed Nov 14, 2012 7:14 pm Post subject: You get wails and whales in Wales.. Ehm...this probably marks the death of this thread? Back to top sparksJoined: 20 Feb 2008Posts: 632 Posted: Wed Nov 14, 2012 7:18 pm Post subject: Did you know... Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo ? Back to top TwinCentreJoined: 22 Mar 2007Posts: 273Location: Mokotow Posted: Wed Nov 14, 2012 7:59 pm Post subject: You see, the thread just died....on it's feet, gone...you see...finito, alsta la vista..Next subject please? I enjoyed that one.. Back to top sparksJoined: 20 Feb 2008Posts: 632 Posted: Wed Nov 14, 2012 10:13 pm Post subject: But....wait....it's gasping...gasping.....clutching at the air..... looking to the light...... wait.... No! It's fighting back! Back to life! Back on it's feet! Not to go down without a fight! It's impossible to live in Poland 5000 zl. sandals, 900 zl. hotel rooms, 700 zl. whiskey shots. Who wants to live like a child? Everyone there is skint. Back to top TwinCentreJoined: 22 Mar 2007Posts: 273Location: Mokotow Posted: Wed Nov 14, 2012 10:59 pm Post subject: Well, could revive it I guess? I lived on circa 6.5k net a month - in my pocket between 2005-2011 and it was ace 2005-2006, felt quite rich. But by 2011 (think I averaged 6.7 by then actually), it was not such an easy ride...and I started to feel like I was just okay. Last time I visited Warsaw, a few months back, I thought it had got considerably more expensive - more so than here in Manchester for groceries and clothes, maybe not quiet as much for accomodation, and not for transport and utilities - I think it is soon to be reaching parity almost. But lets not forget that living abroad often means less overheads, now I'm back in the UK, I gotta run a car, pay the mortgage blah blah. I know plenty of Poles on 2-3k, but they have family connections to help and it doesn't cost much to go and see Mum and Dad, I know a few expats on 3-4k, but live in student type places. If they are happy doing that fine, but not sure that they are. Back to top the_roads_of_polandJoined: 22 Oct 2012Posts: 24 Posted: Wed Nov 14, 2012 11:33 pm Post subject: sparks wrote: Perhaps "going native" is what drags people down. It dragged me down all the way through the gutter, down the sewers and out a stinking rusty pipe. As of now I am now very very bitter towards Poles and Poland. Before anyone gets any wrong ideas: I never had any problems in Poland, I am fluent in the language, met the girl of my dreams and have a ton of family and friends here. But if could go back and do it again I would have stayed in that little "native speaker bubble". Unfortunately the "nice" side of Poland is obliterated by the seriously pathological behavior that permeates almost every aspect of Polish life. While most of you are apt to criticize people like sharter and dynow for going on like a broken record at how terrible/expensive/grey/cold/windy/foggy or whatever Poland is, they just barely touched the surface of how grim Polish society really is. Back to top PeterParvoJoined: 18 Dec 2011Posts: 103 Posted: Tue Nov 20, 2012 1:57 pm Post subject: Poland beat me down too and we left. I got married, had two kids, bought a couple apartments and I guess you could say that I speak Polish, so I feel like I did 'integrate'. However, I just couldn't get over that hump of people being so cold and unhelpful to each other. I know lots of nice wonderful Polish people, but generally they are so distant/nasty. The woman at the kiosk who after my request in Polish to repeat what she has just said simply yells it at me, or those people working in the service industry who just look at my requests with annoyance. I absolutely love to pieces my toothless old father-in-law and of course mother-in-law, but I have such a hard time being happy about being ignored, snapped at or taken advantage of by your average person on the street. Back to top dynowJoined: 07 Nov 2006Posts: 1080 Posted: Sat Nov 24, 2012 3:56 pm Post subject: PeterParvo wrote: I absolutely love to pieces my toothless old father-in-law and of course mother-in-law, but I have such a hard time being happy about being ignored, snapped at or taken advantage of by your average person on the street. Poland is a place where you say, "it was fun while it lasted, but yeah....I've had enough, and there is no reason to live here when I can live _______." Back to top delphian-domineJoined: 11 Mar 2011Posts: 674 Posted: Sat Nov 24, 2012 4:39 pm Post subject: dynow wrote: PeterParvo wrote: I absolutely love to pieces my toothless old father-in-law and of course mother-in-law, but I have such a hard time being happy about being ignored, snapped at or taken advantage of by your average person on the street. Poland is a place where you say, "it was fun while it lasted, but yeah....I've had enough, and there is no reason to live here when I can live _______." Same could be said about any country. You could live in Monaco and get fed up of the cramped space, you could live in Switzerland and get bored of the boredom, you could live in the United States and get sick of having to drive everywhere...the list is endless. Back to top Display posts from previous: All Posts1 Day7 Days2 Weeks1 Month3 Months6 Months1 Year Oldest FirstNewest First Job Discussion Forums Forum Index -> Poland All times are GMTGoto page Previous 1, 2, 3, 4 Next Page 2 of 4 Jump to: Select a forum Where to Begin----------------General DiscussionNewbie ForumCurrent Events ForumTechnology ForumOnline Teaching Forum Africa Forums----------------General Africa Forum Asia Forums----------------CambodiaChina (Job-related Posts Only)China (Off-Topic)Hong KongIndiaIndonesiaJapanMalaysiaPhilippinesSingaporeTaiwanThailandGeneral Asia ForumVietnam Caribbean Forums----------------General Caribbean Forum Europe Forums----------------Czech RepublicFranceGermanyGreeceItalyMacedonia and the BalkansPolandRomaniaRussia & C.I.S.SpainTurkeyUkraineUnited KingdomGeneral Europe Forum Latin America Forums----------------ArgentinaBrazilChileColombiaCosta RicaMexicoMexico (off-topic)PeruGeneral Latin America Forum The Middle East Forums----------------BahrainEgyptIsraelKuwaitOmanQatarSaudi ArabiaUnited Arab EmiratesGeneral Middle East Forum North America Forums----------------General North America Forum Oceania----------------Australia/New Zealand You cannot post new topics in this forumYou cannot reply to topics in this forumYou cannot edit your posts in this forumYou cannot delete your posts in this forumYou cannot vote in polls in this forum This page is maintained by the one and only Dave Sperling. Contact Dave's ESL Cafe Copyright © 2018 Dave Sperling. All Rights Reserved. Powered by phpBB © 2001, 2002 phpBB Group Teaching Jobs in China


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You're currently browsing as a guest so please sign up now and join in on the free, friendly, and informative SiriusXM discussions.
All you have to do is simply register, check your email, verify your account, and post away. Did we mention membership is free?
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Does anyone know if Radio 1 will be added to the Sirius XM channels available on Directv?
i hope so , the bbc is great
Forum Rules


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Los Angeles Times: "Challenger Rudy Martinez says FBI asked about Los Angeles Councilman Jose Huizar"
|From the City Maven: "I would say "I would say we were acquaintances. I meet a lot of people as a council member and I would say we were acquaintances," Huizar said.
"Today is sad day for the City of Los Angeles and the residents of CD 14. I believe the residents deserve better and more ethical representation. My campaign will continue, and I will continue to work hard to bring public accountability, transparency, and fiscal responsibility to the Office of the City Council. We will continue to engage the voters of Council District 14 on the issues that are important to them until they decide the outcome of this election on March 8th." - Statement from the Rudy Martinez for City Council Campaign.
** Huizar's El Sereno property has some "illegal past issues".
** What is it with Councilman Huizar's past issues pertaining to his efforts to bill the taxpayers for personal expenses like attending his Princeton Reunion?
** From 7/08-9/08, we found this report from Councilman Huizar's "Officeholder Account" which highlights Huizar's and staff proclivities for fine dining, including a $201.16 bill for a "Quinta Real" in Zacatecas Mexico.
Your thoughts..............
Scott Johnson in CD 14
Labels: "COUNCILMAN LAST SEEN AS JOSE HUIZAR", Outtakes from CD 14, Rudy Martinez


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'West Shore Hotel provides spacious 2 bedroom. 2 bath units, with amazing Bay views and private beach frontage. Located at the south end of West Bay you have the water and beach right out your front door. All units come with generous decks or patios to enjoy the outdoors. This is a unique opportunity to be a part of West Shore Hotel, one of the few Hotels located on West Grand Traverse Bay. The project will have onsite management to rent your unit to visitors of Traverse City. The units come ready to rent and are completely furnished, appliances, electronics right down to the silverware. This 3 story luxury hotel provides 1200 sq. ft. of single level living which is ideal for the culture seeker, foodie, yachtsman or outdoor enthusiast. A short distance to downtown via the Tart Trail or M22 for restaurants, retail'¦'
|New Value: $575,000


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Medicine: SSC Systematic Reviews (For Year 4 clinical students only) PrerequisitesNew
This is a course designed for students undertaking a systematic review for their SSC project. It will cover all aspects of the systematic review process: ensuring your database search is as comprehensive as possible (and knowing when to stop), how to manage the process and results of the systematic review, and how to save references and cite them effectively.
University of Cambridge clinical students in Year 4 undertaking systematic reviews for their SSCs.
Attendees must have attended either of the following two courses earlier in the morning:
- Medicine: SSC 1
- Medicine: SSC 2
Number of sessions: 1
|Fri 24 May 2019 11:00 - 12:00
|11:00 - 12:00
|eLearning 1 - School of Clinical Medicine
|Eleanor Barker
This course will address:
- Selecting the databases and other resources you will need to search (and searching them comprehensively)
- Keeping up to date with new information appearing between the initial search and write-up
- Issues around documentation of process and results
- Management of references (using software such as EndNote, Mendeley or Zotero), and getting hold of the full text article
Presentations, demonstrations and practicals.
One session of two hours.
A number of times throughout the year.
Booking / availability


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A 40-acre forest fire that forced a handful of residents to evacuate and damaged two homes Tuesday was fully contained by 10:30 p.m., Mills River Fire Department Chief Rick Livingston said.
MILLS RIVER - A 40-acre forest fire that forced a handful of residents to evacuate and damaged two homes Tuesday was fully contained by 10:30 p.m., Mills River Fire Department Chief Rick Livingston said.
About 80 firefighters from the department and the N.C. Forest Service battled the blaze, digging containment lines through rocky ground with bulldozers and saving at least two homes from being destroyed. The Forest Service used a helicopter and a scout plane to track the fire and dump water on the flaming trees.
Livingston said the Forest Service will map the fire today, but he believes it was about 40 acres. A cause has not been determined but will be investigated today as well.
Firefighters were dispatched at about 2:15 p.m. after a 911 caller reported the fire. As the blaze grew, residents at several homes along Stags Run off of North Mills River Road were evacuated "due to the fast-moving nature of the fire," Livingston said.
Residents were allowed back at about 11 p.m., when the fire was completely contained and mostly out, with some hot spots still burning.
"Our first priority is to send an engine to each of the threatened homes to protect them," Livingston said. "If we hadn't gotten engines to those homes – I mean, within minutes – we would easily have lost two homes."
Fire went under the porch of one home and onto the porch of another, the chief said, adding that the siding of an outbuilding was scorched.
Strong winds pushed the fire along and into the tops of the trees. "It sounded like a freight train," Livingston said.
Luckily, Mills River isn't as isolated as many other wildfires sites, said N.C. Forest Service Public Information Officer Trent Duncan, which allowed for a quicker response.
"It was rough, rocky terrain, and to have that many personnel, it is a challenge logistically, but it's also an asset," Duncan said. "It makes the work go by much more quickly."
Although the cause is not known, "it's the time of the year when you see these things happen," Livingston said.
Duncan said the Forest Service will go back out today and "mop up" after the fire, checking for hot spots. The goal is to be able to leave the area tomorrow.
Also Tuesday, the U.S. Forest Service conducted a controlled burn off of Highway 276 near Brevard.
Firefighters from Henderson, Transylvania and Buncombe counties responded to the wildfire. Henderson County Red Cross disaster response teams were on alert to assist if needed.


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Complaint filed to FTC over 'Your Baby Can Read'
A national watchdog group that campaigned successfully to change the way the popular "Baby Einstein" program markets its product is now trying to get the folks at "Your Baby Can Read" to do the same.
The Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood recently filed a complaint with the Federal Trade Commission alleging that "Your Baby Can Read" uses deceptive marketing to get parents to buy its DVDs, flashcards and other materials.
Last year, an NBC News investigation that aired on TODAY found that child development experts from coast to coast were of the collective opinion that while young children can be made to recognize or memorize words, the brains of most infants and toddlers are just not developed enough to actually learn to read at the level the way the enticing television ads claim they can.
"It's deceptive, and it's really harmful. Parents are shelling out all this money for something that is basically snakeoil," said Susan Linn, executive director of the Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood. "We were just so pleased that the TODAY show took this on. It's the first expose we've seen about this product."
Linn's group claims in its FTC complaint that "Your Baby Can Read" is not only false and misleading, the program "poses significant health and safety risks to infants" who are encouraged to sit in front of TVs and computer monitors by parents who hope they can get a headstart on life by teaching their children to read early.
"There's no evidence that 'Your Baby Can Read' is doing anything for babies except potentially harming them by getting them hooked on screens so early in life," said Linn. "If parents follow the 'Your Baby Can Read' instructions, after 9 months, babies would have spent over a full week of 24 hour days in front of a screen. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends no screen time for children under the age of 2. So does the White House task force on childhood obesity."
What do you think of educational programs for babies?
Linn says parents have been hoodwinked by the product. "We want the FTC to stop "Your Baby Can Read" from false and deceptive marketing, and we want "Your Baby Can Read" to offer refunds to all those parents who have been duped," she said.
The FTC confirmed that they are reviewing the new complaint. Asked for comment, "Your Baby Can Read" told NBC News: "We are proud of our accomplishments … Thousands of parents have shared the success stories of their children with us, and hundreds have sent us videos of their children's progress."
Asked last year about those who are of opinion that children cannot really learn to read until they are 4 or 5 years old, the creator of "Your Baby Can Read" dismissed the criticisms.
"They're all wrong," said Dr. Robert Titzer, who calls himself an infant learning expert but actually holds a graduate degree in "human performance" — the study of motor skills.
Titzer told TODAY at the time that his program is backed by scientific research. He acknowledged that it starts with memorization, but insisted it leads to reading.
"The baby does learn to read," he said. "My children could read better at age 4 than I could at age, you know, at my age."
The Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood's fight against "Baby Einstein" brought customer refunds and changes in how that product is marketed in 2006. It is still on the market, however.
Related: Preschoolers watching WAY too much TV
The FTC closed its investigation in 2007 without recommending any enforcement action. The agency noted at the time that "Baby Einstein" had voluntarily revised its claims and that there were no conclusive scientific studies about the effects of watching too much television on infants or toddlers.
Where does that leave parents? Experts say the best way to teach your baby to read is free: Read to them, sign to them and expose them to language. And when they are ready, they'll read.
For more information on the Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood and how to file a complaint, go to www.commercialfreechildhood.org. For more info from the FTC, click here.


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Nissan bowed out of January's Detroit Auto Show due to deteriorating economic conditions, but it won't stop the automaker from unveiling the Nissan NV2500 Commercial Vehicle Concept in a video webcast December 4th.
What this tells us is the decision to drop out of both the Detroit Auto Show and the Chicago Auto Show, (disregarding the decision to work with dealers in Chicago to show up and then to have Detroit dealers pay for the floorspace at Detroit), is really all about the deteriorating economic conditions because It's certainly cheaper to reveal a vehicle in a webcast than it is to unveil it at an auto show.. So those of you out there who think it was a slight against Detroit, Chicago or the Midwest, you're wrong. It's a slight against all of North America.
But whatever the reasoning, when the NV2500 concept makes its debut on December 4 during the live video webcast, it will give us a glimpse of the company's first production commercial vehicle for the United States. The chassis-van-truck-thing is expected to hit the market in 2010. [via Nissan]


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via press release:
Both Series Win Time Periods in Adults 18-49 and Post Largest Adult 25-54 Ratings Since Season Premieres
"Vegas" Wins Time Period with Largest Audience Since October
CBS Sweeps Tuesday in Viewers and Key Demos, Posts Largest Tuesday Audience Since Premiere Week
NCIS and NCIS: LOS ANGELES delivered their largest audiences of the season and won their time periods in viewers and key demographics, leading CBS to a nightly win in all key measures, according to Nielsen preliminary live plus same day ratings for Tuesday, Jan. 8.
NCIS was first in households (13.0/20), viewers (20.87m), adults 25-54 (5.2/13) and adults 18-49 (3.5/10). NCIS posted its largest audience since Feb. 7, 2012, its best adults 25-54 ratings since Sept. 25, 2012 and its best in adults 18-49 since Nov. 27, 2012.
NCIS: LOS ANGELES was first in households (11.1/17), viewers (17.79m), adults 25-54 (4.4/10) and adults 18-49 (3.0/08). NCIS: LOS ANGELES posted its best viewer delivery since Feb. 22, 2011, its best adults 25-54 performance since Sept. 25, 2012 and matched its last first-run adults 18-49 rating, which was its best since Dec. 18, 2012.
VEGAS was first in households (7.0/12), viewers (10.78m) and adults 25-54 (2.5/06), and was second in adults 18-49 (1.6/04). VEGAS posted its best viewer delivery since Oct. 23, 2012, in adults 25-54 since Oct. 9, 2012 and matched its last adults 18-49 delivery on Dec. 18, 2012.
For the night, CBS was first in households (10.4/16), viewers (16.48m), adults 25-54 (4.0/10) and adults 18-49 (2.7/07). CBS posted its best Tuesday delivery with these programs in households and viewers since Sept. 25, 2012 (premiere week Tuesday), in adults 25-54 since Oct. 2, 2012 and in adults 18-49 since Nov. 27, 2012.
Updated Tuesday ratings will be available later today.


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[Verse 1: Killer Mike]
Ain't shit sweet bout the peach -- this Atlanta, clown
Home of the dealers and the strippers and the clubs, though
Catch you coming out that Magic City with a snub, ho
Lurking in the club on tourist motherfuckers
Welcome to Atlanta -- up your jewelry, motherfucker!
These monkey niggas looking for some Luda and Jermaine
And all a nigga found was a Ruger and some pain
Pow, motherfucker, pow! Come up off the chain
Pow, motherfucker, pow! One off in the brain
We some money-hungry wolves, and we down to eat the rich
Your bodyguard ain't shit, we strip him like a stripper bitch
These real-ass killers move in silence with violence
The minute it set off, we the motherfucking wildest
How you from Atlanta they ain't never speak upon
Where everybody got a sack of dope and a gun
[Hook: Trouble]
And you know just how it go
We ain't playing round with that bullshit
Nigga, we ain't let that shit go
When you come here, you better come correct
This real G shit, you gotta show respect
[Verse 2: Bun B]
Once upon a time in the projects
An O.G. saw a young Bun B as a prospect
Thought that I would understand the streets from a very young age
So he opened up the G code to the front page
He sat me on the porch, said, "This where little dogs sit"
Pointed at the yard, said, "That's where big dogs shit"
He said, "Don't leave til your ass get growed
And don't come back til your ass get throwed
Whatever you want is whatever you can have
Bring the pain and leave em wet, like they soaking in some salve
When you step out on the ave, make sure they wanna see ya
Cause being trill is an onomatopoeia
Be about it like a G, a hater wanna catch you slipping
Try to be a Jordan, but settle for a Pippen"
Player, I ain't even tripping, but I don't really care
Cause my pistol's in your face, so put your hands in the air
[Verse 3: T.I.]
'96 I'm riding with a pistol grip, banana clip
From Simpson Road to Adamsville, I'm repping this Atlanta shit
Nigga trying to handle up, let's see can they handle this
A hundred round at em, that ain't no Louisiana shit
Drinking on that Hennessey, blowing on that cannabis
Amerikkka's nightmare, trap nigga fantasy
A record full of felonies, searching for a better me
But choppers go off in my hood like Iraq, Cuba, Tel Aviv
Shoot a nigga, let him bleed -- fuck him, shorty
Sucker nigga I'll never be, don't give a fuck about it
Quick to run up on that Audi, make em get the fuck up out it
Nigga better be about it, he deserve it he allow it
What's a coward to a kamikaze?
He ain't robbed a man, ain't predator or prey; the law of nature where I stay
I catch you slipping with that K, ain't no illusion, no confusion
Better come up off that cake and all that jewelry or you're snoozing
[Verse 4: Killer Mike]
Wha-da-da-dang, wha-da-da-da-da-dang
Listen to my Kimber .45 go bang
Bang bang, Grindtime, rap game
We the readers of the books and the leaders of the crooks
Predators, we eyeballing all of y'all lames
Let me fall off, I'm taking all of y'all chains
All of y'all watches and all of y'all cars
Well, who he talking to? All of y'all stars
All of y'all rappers and producers and such
No homo promo, homie, you might get your ass touched
Like Def Jam circa '83, you get rushed
If you rolling with some winners, then you rolling with us
I know some dumb country niggas, but them niggas ain't me
Know they dress and look the part, but them niggas ain't G
I don't make dance music, this is R.A.P


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Gilles Marini Comments On Hope Solo Allegations And DWTS At 17th Annual Angel Awards
Gilles Marini attended the 17th Annual Angel Awards held at Project Angel Food. He took some time out to talk with a reporter about the charity and his new gig on Dancing With The Stars. He does a flamenco pose while saying he's already tired already thinking about what's ahead for the show in his charming way. He's been practicing on the physical part while they wait to start rehearsals on September 1st. He says he's been "pretty crazy" about "working hard". He wants to "shock people". Lots more at Blip TV.
Celebuzz also interviewed Gilles. He commented on the allegations by Hope Solo on Maks and the show. Here is a snippet….
"I think this is what it is, and hopefully no one takes it wrong," Marini told Celebuzz at Project Angel Food's 17th Annual Angel Awards in Hollywood. "His way is hard. We all know about it. If a lady doesn't like to be treated in a hard way on the dance floor with Maks, then they should tell the producer, 'I don't want to get in on this ride. Because I'm scared.'"
One of Chmerkovskiy's former Dancing with the Stars partners was Olympian soccer player Hope Solo – who said Chmerkovskiy was too rough of a dancer to work with, and that he was inappropriate with her physically.
What else did Marini say about Chmerkovskiy and Solo?
Marini continued, "Most of them I know about, they like the bad boy. Then everybody says, 'Well, this and that.' When you start ballroom dancing, next thing you know, you end with someone like Maks, you have to be aware it's a hard ride. That's the way he teaches. If Maks is teaching me tomorrow, I want him to be super hard on me. Otherwise, I won't learn."
"I think dancers like Maks, they were so young when they started dancing — so young — that they know only one way. And it's the hard way. " Marini told us. "It's very hard for them to transfer from teaching someone patience, to a race against time, in a kind way. I'm not saying it's right, I'm not saying it's wrong. I'm saying that's the only way he knows how to teach. And guess what, the show asks him [back] all the time. So no matter what people will say he does, he's still going to be on TV. He's going to do what he needs to do to make his partner win."
Well said, Gilles!! You can read the full article at Celebuzz.


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The Abandoned Lot is Always Greener
By nature, we are always wondering what else is out there. We always think that there's something better - that our lives can be fuller, our smiles wider, our girlfriends hotter. It is that logic that leads us to be single, frowning, and watching wrestling on a Saturday night.
"Steve," you may say (which is appropriate since that's coincidentally my name), "wrestling isn't on on Saturday nights."
Of course, the only people who know this are the single frowning people I'm talking about, and they DO watch wrestling on Saturdays. They taped it. When wrestling aired earlier that week, they couldn't watch because they were very busy alone in the dark, crying.
But that logic doesn't just lead us to be single, frowning wrestling fans. It also leads us to explore downtown Detroit on a Thursday night instead of just going to a hotel bar like the smart people.
If you've never been to Detroit, well, that's probably why you're still alive today. Let me explain something about the city. Detroit is so cultured that the name comes from the French for "of the roads" which is basically pronounced "de twa." Leave it to the citizens of this fine town to pronounce that "deetroyt." Detroit is known for the famous Wooward Avenue, the nation's first freeway. Woodward Avenue is a smart road, because it leads the heck out of Detroit.
I'd finished a show in the Detroit Renaissance Hotel for a fraternity convention, and a bunch of the guys asked if I wanted to come with them across the border to Windsor. They said Windsor was great - everyone parties, everyone has a good time. I told them that though it sounded good, I'd rather just go out locally. I was in the mood to stumble home and crash at the end of the night - not go through customs.
Luckily one of the guys agreed, and he (from this point forward he will be known as "Evan," which is appropriate since that's coincidentally his name) and I set out towards that famous deetroyt action. Our first stop was the hotel bar where we tried to round up a few guys. They said they were having am okay time there, and there was no need to go out. No need to go out? What, were they nuts? If you could have an okay time in a hotel bar, imagine how much fun it would be to go OUT!
A $5 cab ride later, Evan and I ended up at a local bar. That was an accomplishment because the concierge had trouble naming a good bar. We figured this was because the concierge wasn't a bar-goer, since he was tired from all that concierge-ing. It was actually because there were none to be named.
The first bar had four people, and one was playing Irish folk music. One of the other three was behind the bar, and the last two were making out. The next bar had even fewer people. The next bar had even fewer. The fourth bar actually owed itself people. And the fifth bar, well, we're pretty convinced it was a monastery with a tap.
We walked quickly from bar to bar, less because we wanted to find a good scene and more because we were terrified of downtown deetroyt. Finally, we heard voices. Two rather large men talking about going to a strip club. Or as they put it "let's see some boobies!" We assumed they meant the neighboring strip club because the only other boobies to be seen were their own.
We'd had it and decided to get a cab. The quickest way was to cut through the nearby "casino." I like casinos, and have been to several of them. This, however, was not a casino. This was five slot machines and a homeless guy. And by the looks of desolation on the faces of those at the slot machines, I'd guess the homeless guy had the most coins in there.
A $5 cab ride later, we returned to the hotel bar, laughing about how the best thing to do while you're in Detroit is to go to Canada. We met up with the same guys we saw there before our odyssey, who were still having the same okay time they were having before we'd left. And over the next few hours, we had an okay time, too. Sure, we were all still single - but none of us were frowning. Perhaps because the bar TVs were not showing wrestling.
Oooh, I hope someone taped it.


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Gloria Velez Disses Brian Pumper! "Hes Not Hangin" + Nicki Minaj "She Aint A Barbie. Its Not Sexy Anymore." (Talks On Joe Budden, Baby Daddy & More)
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Patriots coach Bill Belichick is a mumbling, taciturn grump when it comes to speaking with media. But what about those rare instances when he doesn't look like he'd rather be anywhere else? A visibly happy Belichick is a rarely occurring natural phenomenon, like a blue moon or Halley's Comet. Fortunately, someone looked at the tape and counted those moments.
According to the Wall Street Journal—or some poor Wall Street Journal intern who sifted through 16 boring press conferences—Belichick smiled seven times in all of his postgames. He even laughs once! For context, one postgame for Pete Carroll provides nine smiles.
There is, however, an incredibly pedantic qualm. This study only looks at postgames, not including Belichick's media availability during the week. It's an important distinction, because a few days before Christmas, Belichick definitely smiled for at least a couple of seconds when talking about his favorite holiday tunes. He even said the songs put "a smile on my face." Big claim! That's a total of eight for the season, now.
Photo: AP


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"Do you not know that your bodies are temples of the Holy Spirit… Therefore honor God with you bodies."
1 Corinthians 6:19a, 20B (NIV)
Exercise benefits your physical, emotional and mental health! Most of us know we
need to get moving, but perhaps don't know what to do, how to get started or how to
stay motivated! The Daniel Plan provides this guidance, and encourages you to find
creative ways to enjoy it!


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If this sounds like you, you're not alone. Trainees and readers bring this question up on a regular basis. They want to know how to make the transition, what to practice--knowing that they already know the basics--and how to prepare. The nerves feel different to them, so should the solution be different?
To find out, I'm convening what's known as a "blog carnival," and asking for two kinds of responses:
- From bloggers who write about public speaking (whether you are a speaker or a trainer), I invite you to create a post on your own blog about this topic with your best advice for speakers who want to start up again. Send me a link at info[at]dontgetcaught[dot]biz to your post no later than midnight Eastern Time on June 30, 2010, to be included in the carnival. Feel free to pass this along to other bloggers you think can contribute.
- From readers who don't have a blog, post your thoughts and experiences in the comments here or on The Eloquent Woman on Facebook. Again, post your suggestions and tips by June 30 to be included in the roundup. Be sure to identify yourself as either a speaker or as a coach or trainer.
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Some 200 objects including silver, metal, and plaster artifacts dating from the Sassanid dynasty (224 - 651 AD) of Ancient Iran are on view. Artworks are on loan from the National Museum of Iran, Tehran as well as European and North American museums. The Sassanid Empire's territory encompassed all of today's Iran, Iraq, Armenia, Afghanistan, eastern parts of Turkey, and parts of Syria, Pakistan, Caucasian, Central Asia and Arabia.
The kings of the Sasanian dynasty dominated Mesopotamia and Iran for more than four centuries, ruling over a realm comparable to that of the emperors of Rome and Byzantium. While the Sasanian empire coexisted alongside the Byzantine empire and was of equal importance and grandeur, it is not as widely studied or recognized. While the Sasanians inherited a land divided into small kingdoms and at war with each other, they passed on to their successors the concept of a unified empire and a tradition of legendary royal power and unparalleled achievement in the arts.
The most conspicuous monuments of the Sasanian empire are the huge dynastic rock reliefs carved on the mountain cliffs of Iran with investiture, battle, and hunting scenes. More familiar are silver-gilt treasures, a number of which will be included in the exhibition, and the collections of seals illustrating a great range of designs. Many characteristics of Sasanian art are consistent with the thought and beliefs of the Zoroastrian religion. Greco-Roman imagery on selected works also demonstrates the western influence on Sasanian art.
Among the exhibition's largest pieces is a royal portrait bust in stucco found at the royal site of Kish or Uhaimir in Iraq which was one of the twelve city-states of ancient Sumer civilization, located on an ancient branch of the Euphrates River 10 kilometers east of Babylon which is denoted to Shapur II.
The extraordinary luxury of the Sasanian court is represented by gilded silver plates with royal imagery, vessels decorated with dancers and musicians, precious glass wares, silk and fine wool textiles, luxurious arms, carved gems, and seals. Bronze plates, stucco panels, and mosaics will provide broader insight into the arts of this once flourishing empire.


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* The images shown may vary from the exact model available in market. Please contact us for further information and specifications.
The Heritage Softail® Classic used to be an homage to '50s chrome nostalgia. Take a look at the new one, and you'll see it's anything but that. The history is still there, and now it's done with a dark style and a modern edge and a totally reinvigorated ride. At the heart of it all, you get a blacked-out Milwaukee-Eight® V-Twin engine. You also get the reduced weight, awesome acceleration, and smooth ride of an all-new Softail® motorcycle. It features a windshield and hard saddlebags for light touring. It all comes together for a great ride and a look that's going to make an impression in any town you roll into. Available in 107 and 114 engine displacements.
Heritage Softail® Classic with touring accessories. Harley-Davidson® Genuine Motor Accessories give you unlimited options for customizing the function and look of your bike. Like this one that's outfitted for long highway miles.
Milwaukee-Eight™ 114
Engine torque
161Nm / 3000rpm
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Industrial Gray Denim / Black Denim
Legend Blue / Vivid Black
Olive Gold / Black Tempest
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Silver Fortune
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Vivid Black


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The best thing that could be said about Rep. Charles Boustany's (R-LA)'s official Republican response to President Obama's health care address is that not a lot of people were even aware that he gave it. Yep, it was that dull, flat and quick, over in less than 5 minutes. Throw in Boustany's unusual pronunciation of "medical malpractice reform" -- it became "media malpractice reform" -- and Boustany's performance became a near disaster.
The only things that stopped it from becoming a complete disaster? First, there's the comparison to the last Republican to follow an Obama address to Congress. That would be Bobby Jindal. Yep, the governor of Boustany's own state of Louisiana. That speech was not received too well, to say the least. So, for those keeping score, the Bayou state is now 0--for-2 in responding to Obama. Not so good.
Of course, the other big reason that Boustany's response got overlooked -- besides content and delivery -- is that Rep. Joe Wilson gave the "unofficial" GOP response that everyone remembers. "You lie" has forever enshrined Wilson as either a hero (to many in the conservative grassroots) or a villain (to liberals, Democrats -- and most of the GOP congressional leadership) of the highest order. Wilson, of course, hails from the great state of, oh no! -- it can't be!! Yep, South Carolina.
U.S. & World
The Pelican State has been the object of endless jokes for months now because of the extramarital issues of its governor, one-time presidential wannabe Mark Sanford. That drama, in fact, is ongoing. This week, sixty Republican members of the legislature formally called for Sanford to resign. Sanford has said he's not going anywhere because, well, "God can use imperfect people to perform his will." Of course, that works the other way as well: What if God decides that imperfect people he will use to do his will are those GOP legislators -- who seem about ready to impeach Sanford.
In any event, Louisiana and South Carolina seem to be providing Republicans more embarrassment than anything else of late. The party might want to look elsewhere for possible leaders. No, NOT California!!!
You know, the RNC points out that all 14 GOP members of the House and Senate with medical backgrounds are opposed to Obama's health reform proposal. Couldn't they have gotten one that might have had more spark -- or drawn more attention and focus to the GOP alternatives? Sen. Tom Coburn of Oklahoma would have been an interesting choice. He's an obstetrician who worked with Obama on ethics legislation in the Senate. He might be a bit difficult for the White House to completely dismiss.
Other Republican doctors hail from Georgia and Wyoming (getting out of the South, even), to name a couple. Regardless, just find people to put on the air or otherwise publicize after the next presidential address. Louisiana and South Carolina need to benched for a while.
New York writer Robert A. George blogs at Ragged Thots. Follow him on Twitter.


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A Swedish man was found alive inside a snow-covered car where he spent two months without any food, according to reports.
The 45-year-old man appeared to get sustenance from melted snow and was found Sunday in his sleeping bag in the car's backseat, the U.K. Sunday Telegraph reported.
Doctors at Umea University Hospital believe the man survived sub-zero temperatures by going into a hibernation-like state, similar to what bears go through in harsh winter weather, the BBC reported.
U.S. & World
Police said the man lacked the energy to speak more than a few words when he was dug out of his car by local snowmobilers.
Authorities still don't know how the man ended up stuck in the woods. The man had not been reported missing, according to the Telegraph.
The BBC reported -22F temperatures over the past week in the area.


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Well, putting aside the fact that you love my work... Thank you.
We are passionate about reproducing my paintings with the care and expertise needed to meet (or exceed!) my original artwork. I use a printer who has a staff with a combination of college degrees in fields including graphic design, art education and digital art. With 20 years in digital commercial printing he has mastered giclee printing—our printer has the professional experience to be entrusted with our artwork.
My story in this painting...
The canvas is painted white. This is where the story becomes yours.
How did you escape? What is your nemesis? When you are in its grip was it like being trapped? Was "it" a jar? Box? School? House? Job? Relationship? Health? Persona? Is it past or present?
How did you get out? What did you and do you feel like? Is there a lesson?
This white canvas is part of the Escape Interactive Series. All 4 paintings tell a story and we want your story inserted here.
PICTURE INFORMATION:High Quality sublimation print with a metal float system 1 1/4" off wall, ready to hang.
PLEASE NOTE: Other Choose Your Size:s are available contact Ann
What materials do you use for your original paintings?
I paint on heavy medium tooth canvas that has been primed with three coats of gesso. The canvas is gallery wrapped. I draw with a watercolor pencil. I paint with Golden Heavy Body Acrylic Paint. I seal the finished painting with two coats of diluted semi-gloss Golden Gel. When finished the painting is then sealed with two coats of Golden MSA varnish mixed with pure mineral spirits for the best UV protection.
The paper we use is museum quality 100% rag cotton. The most expensive to purchase. I tested many samples before deciding an the one I use. The ink tends to absorb into this paper instead of sitting on top due to the 100% rag nature. It's vivid color reproduction does amazingly well for fine art reproductions in our medium (acrylics) since it offers the ability to replicate the look and feel of original artwork on quality art paper. It holds detail and contrast extremely well in its own right, yet it's a 100% Cotton Rag paper which provides more surface texture and ink absorption. We use and injet printers with the Giclee best inks.
Our Heavy Canvas is on 1 1/2 INCH stretcher bars stapled in the back. II is a smooth bright white fine art matte finished canvas. It is exceptionally vibrant with deep blacks and a wide color spectrum that captures the essence of my paintings.
It is protected against Ultra-Violet light with a UV matte finish. It is 395gsm, 21 mil Cotton-Poly Blend.
NOTE: Your local framer should be able to stretch these at a reasonable cost.
We use Premium Archival Ultra-Violet Protective Acrylic glazing.
We use acid free products canvas as all our papers, mats, backs and canvases are acid free.
Our Giclees have a life of over 100 years if cared for properly.DO NOT HANG IN DIRECT SUNLIGHT.
Suggestions for framing and instructions, frame colors and style included. Framing available at artist's studio for pick-up only. We are located in the Boston area. Contact Ann for information.
We use Nielsen High Quality Aluminum colored frames. A quality frame that will last as long as the artwork within.
NOTE: All fine art should not be displayed in a strong ultraviolet light. ie: sunlight etc.
What makes your work worth more than a simple print?
The LIMITED EDITION works on 40" x 40"CANVAS are signed on the front.
What supporting material do you supply when I purchase your work?
All LIMITED EDITION works are accompanied a numbered hologram, custom made for Rosenberg Art Studio.
All our artworks & paintings are registered and copyrighted.
Infringements of the Copyright Law is:
A violation of any of the exclusive rights of the copyright holder is a copyright infringement, unless fair use (or a similar affirmative defense) applies.
Links to US Copyright laws.
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US shipping for all Giclee products scheduled to start Nov1, 2017
Each piece of artwork is individually produced and packaged. Our artwork is not mass produced. It will take about 10 business days to get the artwork ready ship.
We ship anywhere in the United States. When you check out your shipping costs will be calculated. In some instances we will provide FREE shipping, but it will be indicated before you get to the checkout or at checkout.
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We only replace items if they are defective or damaged.
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Return of Gifts
You are squashed into a clear jar. You feel the thick cool glass with your...
You are squashed into a clear jar. You feel the thick cool glass with your...
You begin to imagine that the impossible can become possible in Escape #2. And with...
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Latest price movement in Jasola is a good indicator for investors or end-users on the direction where the property market in New Delhi is moving. It is important to understand such trends about price of properties in Jasola so that buyers and investors can identify the right time to buy or sell.
Starting price of properties in Jasola is Rs. 2600 per sqft and the average price of properties in Jasola is Rs. 10579 per sqft. Price trend recommends both buying properties for sale and selling properties in Jasola in New Delhi is profitable at the moment.
Housing.com which is India's leading property website assists people to take the right property decision by featuring updated price trends. Those with properties for sale in Jasola, New Delhi, should also consider the price trends so that they can correctly evaluate their property in New Delhi. Data about prices and its movement is aimed at empowering home buyers with property prices of Jasola, New Delhi.
Top price trends data of name presented by Housing.com:


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Submit a Still Add your own still and we'll feature it here.
Not Coming to a Theater Near You is a film resource that assumes a bias towards older, often unpopular, and sometimes unknown films that merit a second look. Read more about us or Get in touch.


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In Reply to: To hear is to forget... posted by K. Mackay on November 17, 2009 at 14:07:
: Does anyone know if the following expression has any particular source: "To hear is to forget, to see is to remember, to experience is to understand".
: (I read someone attributing it to Aristotle but as he believed intellectual musings to be the height of human achievement I rather doubt it).
This is linked to Confucius BC450, there are several sayings all slightly different some linked to an Old Chinese Proverb another to a Natice American saying but I believe the Confucius theory is the original.


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- This event has passed.
The Chase (YouTube)
August 7, 2019 @ 7:00 pm - 8:30 pm
|Recurring Event (See all)
An event every week that begins at 7:00 pm on Wednesday, repeating until December 30, 2020
The Chase is the student ministry of Peoples Church. We are dedicated to providing a place for students 7th through 12th grade to belong, regardless of who they are and where they come from. The best part about pursuing Jesus is that we can bring others along for The Chase. Join us every Wednesday night, Pre-Party starts at 6:30pm and gathering starts at 7pm in the Student Ministry Center. This is the perfect time to connect with others while having a great time.


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MAX Green RAZOR 1/8th Scale Nitro Gas led Buggy Car Almost Ready to Run ARTR .21 Engine RC Remote Control Radio Car
The most popular 1/8 4 wheel drive off-road buggy in the world just got better! At each evolutionary step, the Razor has been improved upon to keep it at the peak of the RC off-road buggy field. So how do you make an Razor better? Extra speed, extra adjustability, extra toughness! The new Razor is packed with features that have been suggested by Razor owners: More room for the electronics, easier access to the differentials and transmission, and more suspension adjustability. The result is the best Razor ever.
Description: Create a world of disaster with the Exceed-RC 1/8 Scale off road racing buggy! This Powerful RC car includes: three sealed gear differentials, insane big block power, and will soundly trounce most other ARTR 1/8 RC buggy in its class, but at a price that can't be beat. The suspension and handling on this RC nitro car are very impressive. The buggy comes with a manual which covers the basics you need to get up and running, pre-painted polycarbonate body, full electronics including a metal-gear servo. The Razor 1/8th model also includes the basics to get into 1/8 buggy RC racing, such as a powerful 21CXP engine. The Razor model has all of the same features and parts as the Titan 1/8 Truck. The hard-anodized 3mm thick chassis is fully countersunk, and the wheel hubs are coated to match for durability. The unique Exceed-RC Razor buggy stand out at the track or bash session!
NEWEST 4-wheel drive off-road ready-to-run buggy style w/.21 NEWEST Japan Infinity Engine. This is a 1:8 scale unstoppable nitro power buggy.
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Two thousand US economists and climate scientists, including eight Nobel laureates, are sending a letter Thursday to the Senate urging lawmakers to require immediate nationwide cuts in greenhouse-gas emissions tied to global warming.
Emerging from a wintertime blizzard of bad press, US and international climate scientists are in damage-control mode, holding press conferences, firing off press releases, and affirming that global warming is quite real and that climate change science is up to snuff.
Despite the "climate-gate" hacked e-mail scandal and embarrassing mistakes in previous scientific reports, the bulk of research shows climate change is incontrovertible, they say.
"We call on our nation's leaders to swiftly establish and implement policies to bring about deep reductions in heat-trapping emissions," the scientists write in the letter. "The strength of the science on climate change compels us to warn the nation about the growing risk of irreversible consequences as global average temperatures continue to increase."
That letter comes on the heels of Wednesday's announcement, by the United Nations secretary general and the chairman of the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), that an international independent commission will conduct an independent review of all the IPCC's "processes and procedures."
The move is the latest bid to try to shore up credibility for the IPCC, whose reports were tarred after hacked e-mails appeared to show bias in favor of global warming's severity during development of the panel's reports. Add to that glaring mistakes, such as the erroneous prediction in the IPCC's 2007 report (which won a Nobel prize) that Himalayan glaciers would vanish by 2035. In fact, the glaciers are melting about as fast as glaciers worldwide – about double the rate of 40 years ago, NASA has found.
Such revelations "have really shaken the confidence of the public in the conduct of science," Ralph Cicerone, an atmospheric scientist who heads the US National Academy of Sciences, said last month at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Recent polls show flagging public confidence that global warming is occurring. A recent Gallup poll shows 48 percent of Americans think the seriousness of global warming is exaggerated.
"The IPCC's mandate is to provide objective scientific assessments for decision makers," IPCC Chairman Rajendra Pachauri said in a statement. "The IPCC stands firmly behind the rigor and reliability of its Fourth Assessment Report from 2007, but we recognize that we can improve. We have listened and learned from our critics, and we intend to take every action we can to ensure that our reports are as robust as possible."
The review will be conducted by the InterAcademy Council, the umbrella organization for the National Academies of Sciences, whose 18-member body includes top scientists from Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Africa, Turkey, Great Britain, and the United States.
The letter-writing scientists say the bulk of climate science is sound and, "if anything, the climate problem is actually worse than reported earlier," wrote Leon Lederman, director emeritus of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Ill., and a Nobel Prize winning physicist, in an individual statement in the letter to the Senate. "Physicists tend to be super critical of strong conclusions, but the data on global warming now indicate the conclusions are not nearly strong enough."


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top: clothing at tesco*
makeup: see this post
This is what I wore yesterday but didn't end up having enough time to post before I went out with my friends. I can safely assure you all I look nothing like this at the moment, I look the girl from the ring in doughnut pj's and a pink dressing gown! Never again am I going out... Im nursing a very, very sore head today! I've barely managed getting up and out of my bed! It's a Bank Holiday weekend so its acceptable to be incredibly lazy right? Well, I'll keep telling myself that as I stuff my face with Dominos, hot cross buns and paracetamol!


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There is a temptation to think that higher income and/or higher wealth lead to higher risk tolerance. However, there is always a danger in trying to read a cause and effect relationship into a correlation. To know for sure we would need to conduct a longitudinal study measuring risk tolerance, income and wealth as we went along.
Failing that, we can conduct a thought experiment. Suppose that Bill and Bob have different appetites for risk. Presented with a choice between taking a certain $100 and a 50/50 gamble of winning $0 or $X, Bill will take the gamble when X is $250 but Bob won't take the gamble until it reaches $300. Looking at any single $250 gamble choice, Bill has a 50% chance of being no worse off than Bill. However, if Bill and Bob are presented with a series of such choices, the longer the series runs the more certain it is that Bill will finish up better off than Bob. With a series of 10, Bill has an 83% chance of being no worse off than Bob and by the time we get to a series of 100 that chance has increased to 98%. Over 10 choices, Bill will finish with $1,000 but Bob could expect to have $1,250, though he may have nothing or $2500.
Now suppose that Bill and Bob both started with a kitty of $1,000 and that rather than the choices being framed from a base of $100, they were framed from a base of 10% of the kitty at the time. For 10 choices, Bob's kitty grows to $2,593 but Bill's grows to an expected average of $3,260 and 62% of the time will be greater than $2,590. At worst Bill will have $1,000 and at best $9,300.
Overall, by taking more risk Bill can expect to be significantly better off.
So how does this relate to real life? Clearly, life's choices are rarely as simple as in our example and rather than a series of identical choices we face a series of mainly different choices where there are usually more than two alternatives—and those alternatives will often include the possibility of losses. Further, the range of outcomes is often not clear and they must be estimated rather than calculated. Finally, we may make cognitive errors in assessing the situation and in identifying and evaluating the alternatives.
As we know from experience, risky choices take many forms and occur in different contexts including employment, borrowing, insurance and investment. For the riskier alternatives to be considered there would be a commensurately greater expected reward, but this will come with the possibility of an unfavorable outcome. The more risk tolerant amongst us will need less of an incentive to take the riskier alternatives. If we continue that pattern over time, all other things being equal, we should finish up better off.
So my hypothesis is that risk tolerance is a driver of financial success rather than the converse.