text:
Some people create images to make a statement. Others, like Matt Wisniewski, do it because it looks pretty. "It's mostly just aesthetic," explains the 21-year-old computer science student of his spectral photo collages. "Whatever looks nice, really."
Art for art's sake is no new conceit. But Wisniewski has created a particularly successful iteration by overlaying portraits with organic patterns—from flowers to jagged peaks to a Rorschach blot. He came to the combination through experimentation. "It just sort of clicked," he says. "Natural elements tend to be a little simpler and fit together a bit more obviously with the portraits than urban elements."
The process begins with images from Tumblr and other online portfolios. A few experimental overlays later, Wisniewski lights on something that catches his eye. "I decide that I want to go further on it and then clean that up."
For his image of a bearded man in a diaphanous red coat, Wisniewski found an overlay photo that "fit well and had a similar shape to his body." Although many of his portraits eschew color, the red hue of the overlay image appealed to him. "I just thought it looked interesting."
Matt Wisniewski
Untitled from "Cold Embrace," 2011
Whether he works on the face or body is also guided by aesthetic fancy. "Usually if I do something with their body it's because it's simple enough that I can just work over it," he says. "Sometimes I see that covering up their face looks a little nicer than not."
Wisniewski, who studies at New York's Rochester Institute of Technology, prefers Photoshop to a paintbrush. Yet despite his technical knowledge—he works as a web-developer in his spare time—he's self-effacing about his tools. "[Photoshop] is a lot more forgiving," than traditional media, he says. "I can easily fix mistakes or experiment with an idea and complete erase those changes if I feel they don't fit."
That isn't to say he hasn't tried drawing, painting and photography. Growing up in Philadelphia, Wisniewski applied his tinkering instincts to whatever was at hand. "I've created things for as long as I can remember, really. The collage is just sort of something that happened as a result of that."
On the cusp of graduating and moving to Brooklyn, Wisniewski hopes to maintain his autotelic creed. "I honestly don't think of anything I do as a hobby or not," he says, emphasizing that he wants to keep up his web design alongside making collages. "I'm obviously going to continue doing this as long as I enjoy it. Hopefully that will be a long time."
Matt Wisniewski is a student at New York's Rochester Institute of Technology. More of his work can be seen here.
Sonia van Gilder Cooke is a reporter in TIME's London Bureau. Follow her on Twitter at @svangildercooke.
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Sauron (or Þauron (Thauron); Quenya; IPA: [ˈsaʊron] or Vanyarin; IPA: [ˈθaʊron] - "The Abhorred"), the eponymous Lord of the Rings, was a fallen Maia, the creator of the One Ring, and the most trusted lieutenant of his master Melkor (Morgoth, the first Dark Lord). After Melkor's defeat in the First Age, Sauron became the second Dark Lord and strove to conquer Arda by creating the Rings of Power. In the Second Age, he was defeated in the War of the Last Alliance by the last line of defense: Elves and Men under kings Gil-galad and Elendil.
During the battle, Isildur managed to cut off Sauron's finger with the Ring on it, causing the destruction of his corporeal form and scattering his armies. After spending hundreds of years lying dormant and slowly regaining his strength, Sauron returned to power in the Third Age, but was finally defeated in the War of the Ring through the destruction of the One Ring by Frodo Baggins.
He was called Gorthaur the Cruel by the other Maiar.
Sauron was originally a Maia of Aulë the Smith; his name then was Mairon, meaning "the admirable." He learned much from Aulë in the ways of forging and crafting, becoming a great craftsman, and mighty in the lore of Aulë's people.[3] Although he was a Maia spirit, and not as mighty as the Valar, Mairon was one of the most if not the most powerful Maiar, being far stronger than others such as Olorin and Curumo (who was also a servant of Aulë).[citation needed]
During this time, Mairon was as Eru had created him: good and incorrupt. His greatest virtue was his love of order and perfection - his dislike of anything wasteful. However, this would also prove to be the cause of his downfall, for in the Dark Lord Morgoth, Mairon saw the will and power that would help him achieve his own goals and desires faster than if he had pursued them on his own. So great was his allegiance that even in later days, after Morgoth was defeated and locked outside the confines of the world, Sauron encouraged and coerced some Men to worship Morgoth as the one and true god. However, while Morgoth wanted to either control or destroy the very matter of Arda itself, Mairon's desire was to dominate the minds and wills of its creatures.
After allying himself with Morgoth, Mairon maintained his appearance of being faithful to the Valar, but secretly fed Morgoth information about their dealings. It was only when Morgoth established his strongholds in Middle-earth that Sauron left the Blessed Realms and openly declared his allegiance, and ever after remained a foe of the Valar and the Free Peoples of Middle-earth.
The Sindar in Beleriand called him Gorthaur, meaning "dread abomination",[4] and to the Ñoldor, he was named Sauron, meaning "the abhorred" or "the abominable" (a mockery of his original name).[citation needed]
First Age
During the First Age, the Ñoldorin Elves left the Blessed Realm of Valinor in the Utter West (against the counsel of the Valar) in order to wage war on Morgoth, who had stolen the Silmarils of Fëanor, enchanted gems that glowed with light from the now-destroyed Trees of Valinor. In that war, Sauron was counted as the "greatest of [Morgoth's] servants that have names". He was soon feared as a lord of terrible phantoms and dreadful beasts--a shape shifter, sorcerer, and a cunning servant of his dark master.
Before Melkor's captivity, Sauron commanded the fortress of Angband and served as Melkor's lieutenant. When the Vala Tulkas came and captured Melkor, Sauron had already fled and was not found.[5]
When Morgoth left Angband to corrupt the newly awakened Atani (Men), Sauron directed the war against the Elves.[6] He conquered the Elvish isle of Tol Sirion, so that it became known as Tol-in-Gaurhoth, the Isle of Werewolves.[7] He was the Lord of the Werewolves there, and Draugluin was the sire of the Werewolves. Sauron's herald was the vampire Thuringwethil.
After Dagor Bragollach, Sauron's hunters brought Gorlim and questioned him of Barahir's, father of Beren, location. Gorlim told them none, until Sauron himself came forth and bartered with the man. Gorlim asked for his wife Eilinel, whom he thought captured. Thus, Sauron agreed and Gorlim yielded the information. However, Sauron revealed that Eilinel was dead, and he put Gorlim to death afterward. During the Quest for the Silmaril, Beren and Finrod King of Nargothrond were captured by Sauron. There Finrod and Sauron fought songs of power. He stripped them off their Orc disguises and cast them into the dark pits where werewolves devoured their companions. When a werewolf came to attack Beren, Finrod wrestled with it and passed away from his injuries.
Soon afterward, Lúthien and Huan the wolf-hound arrived at the bridge of Tol-in-Gaurhoth. Sauron sent wolves to capture Lúthien, but all were slain by Huan. One of them was Draugluin, but he fled and told his master that Huan was there. Therefore, Sauron disguised himself as a werewolf and leaped to attack Lúthien. Huan sprang and subdued Sauron. He yielded the tower to Lúthien and escaped in a form of a vampire.[8]
After his defeat by Lúthien, Sauron played little part in the events of the First Age (possibly hiding from Morgoth's wrath), and after his master was defeated and taken to Valinor in chains, Sauron seemed to repent and plead to Eönwë and the victorious Host of the West for mercy. Although his plea was probably genuine, Sauron was unwilling to return to the Utter West for judgment, and so he fled and hid somewhere in Middle-earth.[9]
Second Age
Forging of the One Ring
This is the Master-ring, the One Ring to rule them all. This is the One Ring that he lost many ages ago, to the great weakening of his power. He greatly desires it – but he must not get it.
—Gandalf, The Lord of the Rings, "The Shadow of the Past"
After lying hidden and dormant for 500 years, he began revealing himself once more, and by SA 1000 he gathered his power and established himself in the land of Mordor in eastern Middle-earth and began building the dreaded Dark Tower of Barad-dûr near Mount Doom. Sauron, like Morgoth, soon began raising massive armies of Orcs, Trolls, and possibly other creatures, as well as corrupting the hearts of Men with delusions of power and wealth, chiefly Easterlings and Southrons (the Haradrim).
Although Sauron knew that men were easier to sway, he sought to bring the Elves into his service, as they were far more powerful. By about SA 1500, Sauron put on a fair visage in the Second Age, and calling himself Annatar, the "Lord of Gifts", he befriended the Elvish smiths of Eregion, including Celebrimbor, greatest of craftsman as he was descended from Fëanor, and counseled them in arts and magic. Not all the Elves trusted him, particularly Lady Galadriel, Elrond, and Gil-galad, High King of the Ñoldor.
To the elves who listened, Sauron gave knowledge and encouragement in forging the Rings of Power, though in secret Sauron forged his own, the One Ring, to rule the Elvish rings. Upon that ring Sauron left the black speech inscription, Ash nazg durbatulûk, ash nazg gimbatul, ash nazg thrakatulûk, agh burzum-ishi krimpatul. In Westron the inscription translated into: One Ring to Rule Them All, One Ring to Find Them, One Ring to Bring Them All, and in the Darkness Bind Them.However, as soon as Sauron put the Ring on his finger the Elves sensed his treachery, and removed their rings and hid them. Enraged, Sauron came against them in open war and demanded that all the Rings of Power be given to him. The Elves managed to hide the three greatest of the Rings from him, but the other sixteen Rings of Power were either captured by Sauron, destroyed, or lost. To the Dwarves he had given Seven, but to Men he had given Nine, knowing that they would be the easiest to enslave. The Dwarf Lords who received the Rings proved to be very resistant to their power, and neither "faded" nor became enslaved to Sauron's will. The Rings, however, created in them an insatiable lust for gold, which ultimately caused a great deal of grief for the Dwarves.
As Sauron predicted, the nine Men were all corrupted by their Rings and became the Nazgûl, Sauron's deadliest and most cruel servants. Had the Elves not recognized Sauron's treachery and forsaken the power of their rings, the results would have been catastrophic for the Free Peoples of Middle-earth. It seems that most if not all of the native Men of Middle-earth succumbed to the power of the Ring once the Nazgûl were created; the Númenóreans were spared because of their distance. The Elves, had they been captured in this fashion, would have become the slaves of Sauron, and thus Celebrimbor's resistance was of immense importance in the history of Middle-earth.
In this era, during which he marshalled and commanded great armies, Sauron became known as the Dark Lord of Mordor and his fortress of Barad-dûr was completed. He was very powerful even without control of the Elves, and he conquered nearly all of Middle-earth during the War of the Elves and Sauron. However, the armies of Númenór's King Tar-Minastir were finally able to defeat him at a last battle near Gwathló or the Greyflood in SA 1700. Defeated but not vanquished, Sauron retreated back to Mordor and began recouping his strength over the many centuries.
Towards the end of the Second Age, Sauron was once again powerful enough to raise again large armies to attempt to rule Middle-earth. By this time, he assumed the titles of "Lord of the Earth" and "King of Men". Sauron's rise in power and apparent intention to crown himself the King of all Men offended the Númenóreans; the powerful Men descended from those who had fought against Melkor in the War of Wrath. Some were the descendants, through Elros, of Beren and Lúthien.
Life in Númenor
These Men lived on the island of Númenor in the sea between Middle-earth and Valinor. The Númenóreans, who were then proud, came to Middle-earth with astounding force of arms. King Ar-Pharazôn, who desired no less than the kingship of Middle-earth, marched his troops all the way to Mordor without a single battle, and demanded that Sauron abase himself before the King. Sauron could see clearly that even the most powerful of his servants could not stand against the Númenóreans, and so came from Barad-dûr without any offer of battle. He assumed a fair form and flattered Ar-Pharazôn, but the King demanded that Sauron come back to Númenor as a hostage. Sauron feigned unhappiness at this development but secretly was delighted, for this presented him with an opportunity to destroy the Númenóreans from within. After only a few short years in Númenor he grew from captive to the King's most trusted adviser, and nearly all the King's court fawned upon him. Drawing on their fear of death, he converted many Númenóreans to the worship of Morgoth, lying that Morgoth had the power to save them from mortality. As his power and influence reached its peak, he raised a great Temple in which he performed human sacrifices to Morgoth. Finally, he convinced Ar-Pharazôn to rebel against the Valar and attack Valinor itself and claim it for himself.
But here, Sauron's cunning overreached itself, for Eru then directly intervened - Númenor was drowned under the sea, and the great navy of Númenor was destroyed and the army that reached Aman was buried under mountains of falling rock and imprisoned in the Caves of the Forgotten. The world was bent, so that thereafter, only Elven-Ships could sail into the Utter West. Sauron's body was destroyed, but his spirit was not diminished, and he fled back to Mordor bearing the Ring, where he slowly rebuilt a new body and his strength during the time known as the Dark Years. From this point on, he lost the ability to assume a fair shape, and ruled now through terror and force. A few faithful Númenóreans led by Elendil were saved from the flood, and they founded Gondor and Arnor in Middle-earth.
Loss of the Ring
After learning that Elendil, whom he had most hated, had survived and was ordering a realm on his borders, Sauron, after a while, made war with them. He struck too soon, however, and had not restored most of his strength, whereas the Elven-king, Gil-galad had increased his power on Middle-earth in his absence. Therefore, when Gil-Galad allied with Elendil to create the Last Alliance and together fought Sauron, they finally defeated his armies at the Battle of Dagorlad, and laid siege to Barad-dûr for seven years. Finally, Sauron himself came forth and dueled both Elendil and Gil-galad, slaying them both singlehandedly. Then Isildur, son of Elendil, took up his father's broken sword, Narsil and cut the One Ring from Sauron's finger. Sauron's physical body was destroyed. With nearly all of his power stored in the ring, he was vanquished when it was cut from his finger. Without their leader's dark will driving them on, Sauron's armies were routed and fled, and thus, his campaign to defeat the free peoples was seemingly ended, and his greatest weapon taken from him.
But while Isildur had taken the ring, he could not bring himself to destroy it in the fires of Mount Doom where it was forged, instead he became corrupted by the One Ring and kept it for himself. He was eventually betrayed by it a few years later, and slain by Orcs at Gladden Fields. The Ring fell into the river Anduin, and was lost for centuries before being found by the two Stoorish friends Sméagol and Déagol.
Third Age
Despite his defeat, Sauron was not vanquished permanently. Though greatly weakened, and in non-corporeal form, he still existed, due to pouring most of his native power, strength, and will into the One Ring. Thus, as long as it existed, he could never be truly defeated, and during the first thousand years of the Third Age, he lay in hiding, slowly recovering his strength until he was once again able to create a body for himself.
The Necromancer of Dol Guldur
In the year TA 1000, Sauron at last began to rise again, taking the stronghold of Dol Guldur, the Hill of Sorcery, in southern Mirkwood in TA 1050. There, he was disguised as a dark sorcerer known as "the Necromancer", and the Elves did not realize at first that he was actually Sauron returned.
Around this time, the Valar sent the five Wizards, or Istari, including Gandalf Greyhame, who later changed into Gandalf the White, to oppose Sauron and rally the free peoples of Middle-earth against him.
While Sauron continued to gather his strength, the Ringwraiths reappeared in the year TA 1300, and began steadily assaulting the Numenorian kingdoms in exile until, one by one, they fell. Whether the Witch King was acting on his own, or was being guided by Sauron, is not known.
Suspecting that Sauron had returned and was guiding the Nazgûl, the wizard Gandalf infiltrated the fortress in TA 2063 to confirm his theory, but Sauron fled into the East to conceal his identity. This marked the beginning of the Watchful Peace, which ended with Sauron's return to Dol Guldur in TA 2460. During the same year, the One Ring was finally discovered by the stoor Smeagol and his friend Deagol.
Gandalf the Grey made a second intrusion into Dol Guldur in TA 2850, and finally discovered that the Necromancer was indeed Sauron. Eventually, the White Council put forth their might and drove Sauron from Dol Guldur permanently in TA 2941. Without the Ring in his possession, Sauron could draw on only the smallest fraction of its strength, so that his enemies were able to drive him from Dol Guldur with relative ease. However, the Dark Lord, having had ample time to prepare, was willing to abandon Dol Guldur, and returned to Mordor, where he openly declared himself in TA 2951, and began preparations for his final war against the free peoples of Middle-earth.
Sauron bred immense armies of Orcs and allied with and enslaved Men from the east and south. He gathered his most terrifying servants, the Nazgûl (airi in Quenyan), or Ringwraiths, each wearing one of the nine rings designed for mortal men. He adopted the symbol of a lidless eye, and was able to exert his will over Middle-earth, so that the Eye of Sauron became a symbol of power and fear.
War of the Ring
After the creature Gollum, who had previously possessed the ring, was captured, Sauron had him tortured and learned that he once had a magic ring, and from him he heard the words Shire and Baggins. He deduced that Gollum's ring was the One Ring, and sent his servants, the dreaded Nazgûl, to find Shire and search for Baggins, so that the One Ring might be found and returned to him.
Meanwhile, Sauron had allied with Saruman the White (another fallen Maia, or Istari), whom he had ensnared into his service, expecting the wizard to move against Rohan and thus remove one of the major threats Sauron faced in his planned conquest of Gondor and the remaining Elves. Saruman failed however, and Sauron lost his most potent ally as well as Saruman's massive orc army of Uruk-hai.
Shortly after Saruman's defeat, Peregrin Took looked into the Palantír that Saruman had possessed and accidentally communicated with Sauron, who believed that Saruman had captured either the Halflings bearing the Ring, or some who might know of it. However, shortly thereafter Aragorn took the Palantir and revealed himself to Sauron with the intent of causing him unease. Upon seeing Aragorn, Sauron realized that Saruman had fallen and concluded that the heir of Isildur carried the One Ring. Fearful that his enemies would use the Ring against him, Sauron sped up his plans and attacked the city of Minas Tirith in Gondor sooner than he had planned, seeking to raze the city and crush last true human resistance to his rule before his enemies could fortify it.
Fortunately, due to the combined efforts of Gondor, Rohan, and the Dúnedain of Arnor, Sauron's army was defeated. Despite still possessing more than enough armies to destroy Minas Tirith and enough military strength to easily conquer Middle-earth once Gondor fell, doubt began to grow on Sauron. As such, he watched and waited, hoping for a period of strife between Aragorn and other potential Ringlords in which he could move out and take the Ring for himself.
Despite their successful repulsion of Sauron's armies at Minas Tirith, Gandalf and Aragorn knew that the bulk of Sauron's forces remained in Mordor, readying themselves for another, deadlier strike against the city. Filled as Mordor was with Sauron's troops, Frodo stood almost no chance of reaching Mt. Doom undetected. In light of the situation, Aragorn called for a council consisting of the major commanders of all the forces present in Minas Tirith, and appointed Gandalf to be their overlord until the crisis had passed. Gandalf made it clear to all those present that, despite their great victory, they ultimately could not hope to defeat Sauron's armies by force. Therefore, they had two options available. They could station their remaining force, considerably greater than it had been before the battle due to the reinforcements from Rohan and southern Gondor, at Minas Tirith and hope to endure Sauron's next attack. Or, they could take a force to the Black Gate and attempt to challenge Sauron directly. This force, as Gandalf suggested, would only need to be great enough to challenge battle, and the rest of their forces could remain behind to garrison Minas Tirith. This option, though suicidal for all those involved, would serve to distract Sauron from gazing into his own land, through which the Ringbearer would be trekking. Furthermore, Gandalf theorized that once Sauron learned that a force too small to pose any real threat to him was on its way to the Black Gate to directly assault Mordor, that he would likely believe that whomever was leading the attacking force would have the One Ring in their possession. Gandalf believed that Sauron would assume that the Ring itself would influence its wielder, and that in the wielder's pride in his newfound power, he might be foolish enough to challenge Sauron's might with a force too small to assault Mordor in earnest.[10]
Their ploy worked, as Sauron marshaled most of his remaining forces and marched them towards Udun to crush the Men of the West and regain his prize. This action left the Plains of Gorgoroth largely deserted and allowing Frodo and Sam to reach Mt. Doom with far less difficulty than they would have otherwise had. However, once Frodo reached the Crack of Doom, he finally succumbed to the power of the Ring. As he put it on and prepared to leave Mt. Doom, Sauron suddenly became aware of him, immediately drawing his gaze towards the mountain. Though enraged, Sauron was suddenly gripped with terror having realized his own folly, and he frantically sent the Ringwraiths towards the mountain to retrieve the Ring. He was too late however, and Gollum, after taking the Ring from Frodo, slipped and plunged into the Cracks of Doom, and the Ring was unmade. The earth shook as a great shockwave rippled across Mordor, and the foundations of Barad-dûr were finally destroyed, causing the great fortress to fall into ruin once and for all. Mt. Doom was completely destroyed in a cataclysmic eruption that consumed the eight remaining Nazgul, who had left their combat with the Great Eagles to race to Mount Doom, in its fiery ruin.[11]
With his source of power gone, Sauron was utterly defeated and his armies were destroyed or scattered, bereft of the driving will behind their conquest. With the Ring's destruction, Sauron was permanently robbed of his physical form, reducing him to a malevolent spirit that hovered above Mordor as a "huge shape of shadow, impenetrable, lightning-crowned, ...terrible but impotent," only to be blown away by a great wind.[12]
With the destruction of the Ring, the vast majority of Sauron's being and his power was forever lost. With that, Sauron's power was forever crippled, and the threat of his dominion was forever removed.
"If [the Ring] it is destroyed, then he will fall, and his fall will be so low that none can foresee his arising ever again. For he will lose the best part of the strength that was native to him in his beginning, and all that was made or begun with that power will crumble, and he will be maimed for ever, becoming a mere spirit of malice that gnaws itself in the shadows, but cannot again grow or take shape. And so a great evil of this world will be removed."
—The Return of the King, "The Last Debate"
Sauron is the Quenya term for "the Abhorred".[4] In Sindarin, it is translated as Gorthaur from gor ("horror, dread") and thaur ("abominable, abhorrent").[13]
Other names
His original name was said to be Mairon ("the Admirable", from maira meaning "admirable, excellent"), a name he used while in Númenor, adding the title "Tar" for "Tar-Mairon" ("King Excellent").[14] When disguising himself in the Second Age, he called himself Annatar ("Lord of Gifts, anna = gift and tar = king, lord"), Artano ("High-smith"), and Aulendil ("Friend of Aulë").[15]
His name is sometimes seen written as Thauron (Þauron), an earlier pronunciation of Sauron.
- The Enemy
- The Nameless Enemy
- The Deceiver
- The Dark Lord (Post-First Age)
- The Lord of Barad-dûr
- The Lord of Mordor
- The Necromancer (First Age/Third Age)
Earlier names
Thû was Tolkien's earliest name for Sauron, in the original Lay of Leithian. Thu is reintroduced as an alternate name for Sauron in Beren and Luthien (2017).
Tevildo, before that, was the name of the forerunner character to Sauron, a "Prince of Cats" who is a villain told of in the stories of The Book of Lost Tales. In Beren and Lúthien (2017), Tevildo is presented as a separate character from Thu/Sauron, and one of Morgoth's other minions.
Despite being the title character of The Lord of the Rings, Sauron is notable in that he never directly appears during the events of the trilogy. Nowhere is any detailed description given of what he looks like, other than in vague terms.
In The Silmarillion, however, Sauron is described as being a shape changer, and took many forms, including that of a serpent, a vampire, and a great wolf. After Morgoth's fall, Sauron appeared in fair form as "Annatar", the Lord of Gifts, and maintained this appearance until the Fall of Númenor, in which he was unable to ever take fair form ever again. The History of Middle-earth includes a passage vaguely describing how the Númenoreans saw him: "Upon that ship which was cast highest and stood dry upon a hill there was a man, but greater than any even of the race of Numenor in stature...And it seemed to men that Sauron was great; though they feared the light of his eyes. To many he appeared fair, to others terrible; but to some evil."[16]
A few clues are given as to Sauron's appearance as the Dark Lord, after he lost his ability to take a fair form: Tolkien described Sauron in one of his letters as having the form of a man of more than human stature, but not gigantic, and as an image of malice and hatred made visible. He apparently gave off great heat, so much so that Gil-galad was burned to death by his mere touch, and Isildur described Sauron's hand as black, yet burning like fire, suggesting that his entire body was blackened from fire and heat.
Gollum, having apparently seen Sauron directly, described him as having only four fingers on his black hand, suggesting that Sauron was unable to regenerate the finger from which Isildur took the One Ring, similar to how the wounds Morgoth took from Fingolfin never healed. He was not confined to a flaming eye in a tower.
In addition to his physical appearance, Sauron also apparently had an aura of incredible malevolence. A passage in The Silmarillion describes him as having a "dreadful presence," and daunting eyes. Furthermore, his mere presence could bend all but the strongest wills.[8]
Regarding Sauron's personality, Tolkien had this to say from his letters:
In my story Sauron represents as near an approach to the wholly evil will as is possible. He had gone the way of all tyrants: beginning well, at least on the level that while desiring to order all things according to his own wisdom he still at first considered the (economic) well-being of other inhabitants of the Earth. But he went further than human tyrants in pride and the lust for domination, being in origin an immortal (angelic) spirit. Sauron desired to be a God-King, and was held to be this by his servants, by a triple treachery: 1. Because of his admiration of Strength he had become a follower of Morgoth and fell with him down into the depths of evil, becoming his chief agent in Middle-earth. 2. when Morgoth was defeated by the Valar finally he forsook his allegiance; but out of fear only; he did not present himself to the Valar or sue for pardon, and remained in Middle-earth. 3. When he found how greatly his knowledge was admired by all other rational creatures and how easy it was to influence them, his pride became boundless.Philosopher and Tolkien scholar Peter J. Kreeft proposes that Sauron is in fact the main character of The Lord of the Rings, inasmuch as he has the largest significance to the work of good and evil in the story, given his shared essence with the Ring; and given the title's referral to him.
—J.R.R. Tolkien[17]
Weapons and powers
Sauron was among the mightiest of the Maiar. Originally of Aulë's people, he acquired great "scientific" knowledge of the world's substances and how to use them. He would retain this knowledge throughout his tenure as the Dark Lord in Middle-earth, using it to forge the One Ring and construct his fortress of Barad-dûr. Sauron also seemed primarily linked to the use of fire, and as Morgoth's chief lieutenant, his ability to tap into the fires in the earth was of great value.
Among Sauron's chief powers were deception and disguise: In the First Age Sauron took on many forms. His battle against Luthien and Huan in The Silmarillion has him taking on no less than four separate shapes: his "normal" shape, presumed to be that of some kind of terrible dark sorcerer, a great wolf, a serpent, and finally a vampire "dripping blood from his throat upon the trees" ("Of Beren and Lúthien," The Silmarillion). At the end of the First Age, Sauron took on a fair form to appeal to the Captain of the Hosts of the Valar and ask for pardon. In the Second Age, Sauron took up that fair form again and used it under the alias "Annatar" to deceive the Elves into creating the Rings of Power. The level of deception required to fool the Elves of Eregion must have gone beyond simply taking on a fair form. Sauron was literally instructing the Elves to make artifacts that while capable of great good, were ultimately purposed for his own domination and were imbued with power to arrest the natural order of the world. The Elves were unaware of who they were dealing with until the eleventh hour, and only narrowly escaped his trap. Centuries later, Sauron was able to deceive the Númenóreans and steer them directly to their own destruction under promises of eternal life. Such destruction is a testament to Sauron's manipulative nature and ability to twist the perceptions of his enemies.
An interesting dichotomy is set up between his deceptive nature and his symbol. While rarely appearing personally and deceiving all but the most wary, he represented himself as an all seeing eye that could pierce all disguises. He himself was able to disguise himself by changing shape and taking a fair form. But after the Fall of Númenor he was incapable of taking physical form for many years, and then later became a horrific Dark Lord. After losing the Ring it took even longer for him to regain physical form, although by the War of the Ring he had regained it.
The extent, nature, and specifics of Sauron's power are largely left to the imagination. Like his master Morgoth, he was capable of altering the physical substance of the world around him by mere effort of will.
Signs and Symbols
The Symbol of Sauron was the Eye of Sauron, particularly after he arose in Mirkwood at Dol Guldur. The Evil Eye is also the most popular representation of Sauron, though it is but a representation of his will and semi-omniscient. It is known as The Eye of Sauron in The Silmarillion, and in The Lord of the Rings is also known as the Great Eye, the Eye of Barad-dûr, the Red Eye, the Lidless Eye, and the Evil Eye. The term Red Eye is also used to refer to the actual Eye of Sauron.
Other versions of the legendarium
Since the earliest versions of the Silmarillion legendarium (as detailed in the History of Middle-earth series), Sauron has undergone many changes. The prototype of this character was Tevildo, Prince of Cats, who played the role later taken by Sauron in the earliest version of the story of Beren and Lúthien in The Book of Lost Tales. Tevildo later (but still in the Book of Lost Tales period) was transformed into Thû, the Necromancer. The name was then changed to Gorthû, Sûr, and finally to Sauron. Gorthû in the form Gorthaur remained in The Silmarillion. In Númenor he was known (according to the Notion Club Papers and associated writings) as Zigûr.
Beren and Luthien (2017) reintroduces some of the ideas from The Book of Lost Tales into the complete tale of Beren and Luthien, however Tevildo is introduced as a separate character to Thu/Sauron in its adaptation of the story.
Prior to the publication of The Silmarillion, Sauron's origins and true identity were unclear to those without full access to Tolkien's notes, so that early editions of the Guide to Middle-earth described Sauron as "probably of the Eldar elves".
In the books
- The Hobbit (Only mentioned as "the Necromancer")
- The Fellowship of the Ring
- The Two Towers
- The Return of the King
- The Silmarillion
- The Children of Húrin
- Unfinished Tales
- The History of Middle-earth
In films
- An Unexpected Journey (As the "Necromancer")
- The Desolation of Smaug (As the "Necromancer" and as himself)
- The Battle of the Five Armies
- The Fellowship of the Ring
- The Two Towers
- The Return of the King
In video games
- The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth
- The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II
- The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king
- The Lord of the Rings: Conquest
- The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age
- The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King
- LEGO The Lord of the Rings: The Video Game
- LEGO The Hobbit: The Video Game
- Guardians of Middle-earth
- Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor
Portrayal in adaptations
The Lord of the Rings film trilogy
You know of what I speak, Gandalf. A great eye, lidless, wreathed in flame.Sauron's primary appearance in Peter Jackson's trilogy is as the Eye of Sauron, a titanic, flaming eye atop Barad-dûr; many characters refer to it as "the Eye" or "the Great Eye." His prior physical form was as a massive being clad in nine-foot-tall black armor, seen only in two contexts: in flashbacks to the War of the Last Alliance throughout the trilogy, and very briefly in the center of the Eye in an extended scene with Aragorn and the palantír in The Return of the King. When Sauron speaks, it is telepathically through the One Ring or the Palantír; he is voiced by Alan Howard. Sala Baker portrays his physical form.
—Saruman to Gandalf in The Fellowship of the Ring.
"There is no life in the void, only death."
- Sauron in The Fellowship of the Ring
As in the books, Sauron is the primary antagonist throughout the films. He is depicted as an almost god-like entity whose mere presence, even when mediated by a medium like the Palantír, causes immense pain and injury. Most of his bidding is achieved through his various servants such as the Nazgûl and Saruman, who calls him "the Lord of the Earth." Sauron is most extensively depicted in the prologue to The Fellowship of the Ring, shown forging the One Ring and leading his armies at the Battle of Dagorlad in the War of the Last Alliance. He wears black armor and a mask based on Tolkien's description of Morgoth in The Silmarillion, and wields a giant mace capable of killing scores of men in one hit.
Sauron was originally intended to appear in physical form at the climax of The Return of the King, appearing at the Battle of the Morannon to fight Aragorn. However, this was ultimately scrapped from the film due to the fact it was not in the book and the developers believed it would take the main focus away from Sam and Frodo. Furthermore, Jackson believed it would take away from Aragorn's act of sacrifice.
The Eye of Sauron's feline appearance is a reference to the character of "Tevildo" in the first drafts, who took the form of a cat.
The Hobbit film trilogy
It has begun. The East will fall. So shall the Kingdom of Angmar rise. The time of the Elves is over. The Age of the Orc has come.
—Spoken in the Black Speech, as Sauron reveals himself to Galadriel
Sauron's role from The Hobbit is greatly expanded in Jackson's Hobbit film trilogy. He is voiced by Benedict Cumberbatch.
Sauron appears in An Unexpected Journey in the form of a black, humanoid ghost, alluding to Tolkien's description of the Necromancer as a man with blackened skin. He is briefly witnessed in this form by Radagast.
In the The Desolation of Smaug, Sauron reveals a greater extent of his powers. He is first seen speaking with Azog, ordering him to break off pursuit of Thorin II Oakenshield, whose head he had promised the Orc, in order to lead his armies. When Gandalf arrives in Dol Guldur to investigate tales of an evil there, Sauron first confronts him as a mass of black smoke. After killing Thráin II and initiating a brief duel with the Grey Wizard, Sauron is able to overpower the wizard and reveals himself as an armored figure within the shape of an enormous, flaming eye.
In The Battle of the Five Armies, Galadriel, Elrond, and Saruman (the White Council) travel to Dol Goldur to free Gandalf. There, Sauron releases the Nazgûl upon them, but the Ringwraiths are defeated by the Council. It is then that Sauron appears as a spectral armored form within a flaming eye, accompanied within the fire by the Ringwraiths' ghostly forms. Sauron threatens the Council with the fall of the East and the rise of Angmar, but is engaged by Galadriel (in her spectral form) in a magical duel of minds. Sauron cannot overcome Galadriel, and he flees as a ball of fire into the East. Afterward, Saruman promises the Council that he will handle Sauron personally.
The extended edition confirms Sauron has forged an alliance with Smaug, as well as showing him murdering Thrain during his battle with Gandalf.
Video games
- In The Lord of the Rings Online, Annatar was depicted in a mural in the ruins of Tham Mírdain. He was called Antheron (Gift Lord), because Turbine doesn't have the rights to the name Annatar. In the session play quest 'Daughter of Strife' from Volume I: Book XV, where the player takes on the character of Narmaleth, Sauron is also encountered in his disguise of Annatar (Antheron), at the time he taught the elves of Eregion the secrets of the Rings.
- In the strategy game The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II, Sauron is one of the Ring Heroes, the other beng Galadriel, which can be summoned when a player successfully finds Gollum and take the One Ring by killing him. He can only be summoned by the evil factions Mordor, Isengard and Goblins. Sauron is one of the strongest, if not, the strongest unit in the game, as he is very hard to kill and able to instantly kill most infantry and cavalry units with his mace. More powerful units, such as Trolls and Ents are still no match for him in small amounts, being easily killed by a few blows of his mace. Sauron is also able to summon fiery rocks from the skies and demoralize enemy units, causing them to run around in panic. When Sauron is killed, he explodes violently, heavily damaging any enemy units in the vicinity. Upon his death, he drops the One Ring, which may be picked up to summon another Ring Hero.
- In the 2014 Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor video game, Sauron appears before Celebrimbor as Annatar, the Lord of Gifts, and deceives him into creating the Rings of Power. After the secret forging of the One Ring, Annatar takes Celebrimbor to Mordor to pefect the One Ring. Celebrimbor later escapes Mordor with the Ring and uses its power to challenge Sauron into battle. At the last moment, the Ring slips from Celebrimbor's finger. As vengeance, Sauron transforms back into Annatar and proceeds to kill Celebrimbor.
- In the 2017 sequel to the above, Middle-earth: Shadow of War, he ends up fighting Celebrimbor despite still being weakened by the loss of the One Ring. Despite putting up a good fight, he is overwhelmed by Celebrimbor and his new host Eltariel planning on dominating him with the power of their own New Ring. Before succumbing, he cuts off Eltariel's ring finger like Isildur had done to him years earlier, and consumed Celebrimbor's wraith. While he survives, this forces him into a new form; a burning eye at the top of Barad-Dur, locked in a battle of wills with the elf until the One Ring is destroyed decades later.
- Sauron appears in both LEGO The Lord of the Rings: The Video Game and LEGO The Hobbit: The Video Game; in the first he is a boss and playable character while he is featured as a playable character in the latter. His boss form appears as a massive CCBS figure-similar to something from LEGO's Knights Kingdom line, while as a playable character he appears as a minifigure. In The Hobbit game he appears in both Necromancer and fiery armored forms. The first game also features an Annatar minifigure as a downloadable character.
- Sauron's minifigure form also appears in LEGO Dimensions, where he invades DC Comics' Metropolis and later engages the player in a battle atop a Doctor Who Dalek flying saucer; upon defeat he is banished back to the domain of primary game antagonist Lord Vortech and does not appear again.
- In The Lord of the Rings: Conquest, Sauron is a playable character.
Other media
Sauron also appears or is referenced in a number of works that are not direct adaptations of The Lord of the Rings or it's associated mythos:
- Sauron of Marvel Comics adopted the name in homage to the Tolkien character.[18]
- Sauron served as the inspiration for the My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic antagonist King Sombra in his initial appearance.[19]
- In The LEGO Batman Movie, Sauron-in his flaming eye form atop his tower-is among the villains recruited by The Joker to aid in his conquest of Gotham City. His powers of vision prove quite a nuisance to Batman and his companions, but he is eventually inadvertently destroyed by the Kraken from Clash of the Titans.
Translations around the world
|Foreign Language
|Translated name
|Belarusian Cyrillic
|Bulgarian Cyrillic
|Chinese (Hong Kong)
|Саурон (Cyrillic) Sawron (Latin)
|Kyrgyz Cyrillic
|Macedonian Cyrillic
|Mongolian Cyrillic
|Саурон (Cyrillic) Sauron (Latin)
|Tajik Cyrillic
|Ukrainian Cyrillic
|Саурон (Cyrillic) Sauron (Latin)
|Bearers of the One Ring
- ↑ Tolkien, J.R.R.. Beren and Lúthien (Kindle Location 220). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Kindle Edition.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 The Silmarillion, Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age
- ↑ The Silmarillion, Valaquenta, "Of the Maiar"
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 The Silmarillion, Index of Names
- ↑ The Silmarillion, Quenta Silmarillion, Chapter III: "Of the Coming of the Elves and the Captivity of Melkor"
- ↑ The Silmarillion, Quenta Silmarillion, Chapter XVII: "Of the Coming of Men into the West"
- ↑ The Silmarillion, Quenta Silmarillion, Chapter XVIII: "Of the Ruin of Beleriand and the Fall of Fingolfin"
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 The Silmarillion, Quenta Silmarillion, Chapter XIX: "Of Beren and Lúthien"
- ↑ The Silmarillion, Quenta Silmarillion, Chapter XXIV: "Of the Voyage of Eärendil and the War of Wrath"
- ↑ The Lord of the Rings, The Return of the King, Book Five, Chapter IX: "The Last Debate"
- ↑ The Lord of the Rings, The Return of the King, Book Six, Chapter III: "Mount Doom"
- ↑ The Lord of the Rings, The Return of the King, Book Six, Chapter IV: "The Field of Cormallen"
- ↑ The Silmarillion, Appendix: Elements in Quenya and Sindarin names
- ↑ Parma Eldalamberon, Words, Phrases and Passages in Various Tongues in The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien
- ↑ Unfinished Tales, Part Two: The Second Age, IV: "The History of Galadriel and Celeborn, and of Amroth King of Lórien", Note 7
- ↑ The History of Middle-earth, Vol. 5: The Lost Road and Other Writings, Part One: "The Fall of Númenor and the Lost Road"
- ↑ The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien, 183 Notes on W. H. Auden's review of The Return of the King
- ↑ X-Men #60 (September, 1969)
- ↑ GuyWithNoNickName (2012-12-04). Meghan McCarthy Talks About King Sombra On "Stay Brony My Friends". YouTube. Retrieved on 2012-12-06.
External link
- Sauron at LotrProject

subset: commoncrawl


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The flu (influenza) is an illness caused by a virus. It affects the whole body. This is not the same as what we often call the "stomach flu."
Flu season is mostly in the winter. Each year the flu is a little different because there are different types of flu viruses and they change over time. So, people can get the flu many times in their life.
The flu can last a week or more. Your child usually will feel the worst during the first 2 or 3 days. Flu symptoms include:
A sudden fever (usually over 101°F or 38.3°C).
Chills and shakes with the fever.
Headache, body aches, and extreme tiredness.
Sore throat and/or dry, hacking cough.
Stuffy, runny nose.
Throwing up (vomiting) and loose, runny stools (diarrhea).
Both the flu and colds are caused by viruses. They can have some of the same symptoms. But there are differences:
Children get sick quickly, often within 1 day.
Children usually feel very sick and achy.
Most children will need to stay in bed for a few days.
Flu is more common in the winter.
Children usually have low fever or none at all.
Coughing is mild.
Children with colds usually have the energy to play and keep up with their routines.
Colds can happen any time of year.
Right away—if your baby is 2 months or younger and has a fever.
Within 24 hours—if your child is older than 1 year and shows signs of flu. The doctor may be able to treat the flu with an antiviral drug*. But this only works if your child gets the drug in the first day or two of illness.
Usually there are no serious problems with the flu. But sometimes your child can get an ear infection, a sinus infection*, or pneumonia*.
At any age, call the doctor if your child has one of these signs with the flu:
Trouble breathing
A cough that won't go away after a week
Pain in the ear
Fever that continues or comes back after 3 to 4 days
Does not start to feel better after a few days
Extra rest and lots of fluids can help your child feel better. You can also give your child medicine to bring down the fever:
For a baby 6 months or younger, give acetaminophen*.
For a child older than 6 months, give either acetaminophen or ibuprofen*.
Both of these drugs help with fever. They are not the same. Be sure to get the right kind of medicine for your child's age. Follow what the label says.
Never give your child aspirin. Aspirin puts your child at risk for Reye syndrome, a serious illness that affects the liver and brain.
Check with your child's doctor before giving your child any other medicines. This includes over-the-counter cold and cough medicines. Antibiotics don't help the flu.
Don't smoke around your child. Smoke makes children cough and wheeze* more. And it makes it harder for them to get over the flu.
The flu spreads very easily, especially to children and adults who spend time with children. It usually spreads during the first several days of the illness.
There are 3 ways to prevent the flu:
Keeping germs from spreading is the best way to avoid spreading the flu. These tips will help protect your family from getting sick:
Teach your child to cover his or her mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing. Show your child how to use a tissue or a sleeve, not a hand.
Use tissues for runny noses. Throw them in the trash right away.
Avoid kissing a sick child on the mouth or face.
Make sure everyone washes their hands often.
Wash dishes, spoons, and forks in hot, soapy water or the dishwasher.
Don't let children share pacifiers, cups, spoons, forks, washcloths, or towels. Never share toothbrushes.
Use paper cups in the bathroom and kitchen. Throw them away after each use.
Wash doorknobs, toilet handles, countertops, and even toys. Use a disinfectant* or soap and hot water.
There are safe vaccines to protect against the flu. They come as shots and a nose spray. Ask your child's doctor what is best for your child. Most healthy children need a flu vaccine every fall. All their family members should get the vaccine too. Call the doctor in September to find out more.
These drugs are taken before the child is exposed to the flu. These are very important for children with serious health problems who have not had a flu vaccine.


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Iomega Launches 40 GB Mini HDD
Iomega has announced the availability of its 40GB external hard drive that is small enough to fit into a shirt pocket and weighs 99 grams.
The new Iomega USB 2.0 Mini Hard Drive is the first Iomega hard drive to receive 100 percent of its power from a standard USB data port, allowing mobile professionals to travel light and still have plenty of storage capacity for all their important files.
Chris McPherson, managing director, Asia Pacific, Iomega Pacific, said, "The Iomega Mini Hard Drive is host-powered, small, and weighs next to nothing, so it is a great choice for mobile professionals and students."
"Other external hard drives require an external power source, tethering you to the nearest available AC wall outlet. The Iomega Mini Hard Drive gives the user more freedom and flexibility. You won't find a simpler product on the market," said McPherson.
Since the Iomega Mini Hard Drive is based on 1.8-inch hard disk technology, it is smaller and more energy-efficient than most other portable drives. The 4200-rpm drive has a rugged aluminium enclosure and features a USB 2.0 interface for plug-and-play simplicity with any compatible Windows or Macintosh computer.
A blue drive light signals disk activity, and an on/off switch allows laptop users to power down the device without disconnecting it. Each drive comes with a sleek leather travel case, USB cable, and software CD, including MusicMatch Jukebox music management software and Adobe Photoshop Album SE for digital photos.
The Iomega Mini Hard Drive requires a Pentium processor or higher with Microsoft Windows Me/2000/2000 Pro/ XP Home or Professional; MAC G4 or G3 or iMac computer with built-in USB connection and Mac OS 9.0 or above.
From TechTree


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A German homeschool family that has been battling to remain in the United States because of religious persecution in their homeland has lost a major court battle. On May 14, the U.S. Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals upheld a 2012 decision by the Board of Immigration Appeals denying a request by Uwe and Hannalore Romeike to remain in the United States with their six children.
The Romeikes fled to the United States in 2008 following several years of fines and harassment from the German government because of their insistence on educating their children at home. In 2010, U.S. Immigration Judge Lawrence O. Burman ruled that the Romeike family could remain in the United States, citing Germany's record of persecuting homeschool families, as well as the Romeikes' religious motivation in wishing to keep their children out of Germany's aggressively secular schools.
Since then the Obama administration's Department of Justice has taken a particular interest in targeting the Romeikes for deportation, succeeding last year in convincing the immigration appeals board to overturn Judge Burman's initial ruling in favor of asylum for the family. The Romeikes have been represented by the Home School Legal Defense Association (HSLDA) whose president, Michael Farris, expressed his disappointment over the Court of Appeals' ruling. "We believe the Sixth Circuit is wrong and we will appeal their decision," Farris said in a statement. "America has room for this family and we will do everything we can to help them."
In its ruling the Appeal Court rejected the argument that the Romeikes represented a persecuted group because of their plight at the hands of a German government, which has instituted laws aggressively vindictive against homeschool families. "There is a difference between the persecution of a discrete group and the prosecution of those who violate a generally applicable law," wrote Judge Jeffrey S. Sutton in his opinion for the court. "As the Board of Immigration Appeals permissibly found, the German authorities have not singled out the Romeikes in particular or homeschoolers in general for persecution. As a result, we must deny the Romeikes' petition for review and, with it, their applications for asylum."
In his opinion Sutton wrote that the United States has not "opened its doors to every victim of unfair treatment, treatment that our laws do not allow. That the United States Constitution protects the rights of 'parents and guardians to direct the upbringing and education of children under their control' does not mean that a contrary law in another country establishes persecution on religious or any other protected ground." He referred to an earlier opinion by Supreme Court Justice Samuel Alito to point out that "the concept of persecution does not encompass all treatment that our society regards as unfair, unjust, or even unlawful or unconstitutional. If persecution were defined that expansively, a significant percentage of the world's population would qualify for asylum in this country — and it seems most unlikely that Congress intended such as a result."
HSLDA has been monitoring the aggressive attack against German homeschool families since 2006. As the group announced that it would appeal the ruling against the Romeike family, the HSLDA's director of international affairs, Mike Donnelly, confirmed that "Germany continues to persecute homeschoolers. The court ignored mountains of evidence that homeschoolers are harshly fined and that custody of their children is gravely threatened — something most people would call persecution. This is what the Romeikes will suffer if they are sent back to Germany."
Meanwhile, the HSLDA has launched a petition drive asking the Obama administration to grant the asylum the Romeike family is seeking. While the petition has surpassed the 100,000 signatures required for an official response, the White House has thus far refused to offer a statement.
The HSLDA's Michael Farris said that as his group continues to battle in the courts on behalf of the Romeikes, "there is no doubt of the ability of the Obama Administration to use its discretion to immediately grant this family permanent asylum. We urge the Administration to do so at once. If our Administration is willing to explore a policy of leniency for millions of immigrants, it is simply inexplicable why they cannot find room for one homeschooling family from Germany."


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Plan for lunch or dinner at The Floridian (39 Cordova St., 829-0655) across from Flagler College. The cozy restaurant serves generous Southern-inspired portions featuring locally sourced ingredients. Popular menu items include homemade pimento cheese, fried green tomato hoagie and shrimp with triangular polenta cakes. Some of the salads use unexpected ingredients, like black-eyed pea relish, sweet potato, quinoa and apples — and all salad dressings are made in-house. Wash it down with sweet tea served in a Mason jar.
Near the hub of the historic district tourist scene, you'll discover Columbia Restaurant (98 St. George St., 824-3341) for a glass of red or white sangria and plates of Spanish tapas. Among the outdoor fountains and colorful Spanish tiles are Cuban and Spanish favorites like paella, empanadas, bacalla, pollo riojana and flan. The signature 1905 Salad, named for the year when the original restaurant opened in Ybor City, is prepared tableside with iceberg lettuce, Swiss cheese, baked ham, tomato, red onion, manzanilla (green) olives, garlic, lemon, Worcestershire sauce and white wine vinaigrette, and topped with Romano cheese. Make a reservation — this family-owned restaurant gets crowded quickly due to its tourist appeal and central location.
Don't miss The Hyppo (48 Charlotte St., 217-7853) for a gourmet frozen popstick or "paleta" in its vibrant, expanded location. These pops are handcrafted onsite using fresh ingredients to create the treats ranging from the sweet and spicy datil strawberry to the refreshing, summery pineapple cilantro. The texture is not icy, like you'd expect from traditional boxed pops. Try to pick just one of the countless concoctions like horchata, pumpkin cheesecake, lavender lemonade, sangria pear, Key lime pie and creamy pistachio coconut. If you're a "chocophile," have your paleta dipped in chocolate for an extra dollar. And look for the adorable little hippopotamus on the stick.
Collage (60 Hypolita St., 829-0055) provides an upscale, intimate setting perfect for what it calls artful global dining. Start with warm macadamia nut-crusted goat cheese and breaded artichoke salad with a brown butter vanilla bean vinaigrette over mixed greens; it's packed with texture and flavor. Whenever possible, Collage uses locally grown produce and herbs. With options like filet mignon, lobster tail and an extensive wine list, Collage is a special-occasion destination. Pair a nice glass of wine with lobster ravioli prepared al dente with pesto cream sauce, and slowly savor the perfectly cooked 5-ounce lobster tail. Then go for homemade-style toasted coconut ice cream partnered with a warm slice of buttered-rum vanilla cake with sweet butter glaze and whipped cream.
Slightly off the beaten path, The Present Moment Café (224 W. King St., 827-4499) has a simple décor flooded with natural light. Everything is organic, vegan and raw — meaning no meat or dairy — and nothing is cooked above 115 degrees, but a "meataholic" with an open mind will enjoy this unique spot. The plating is artistic, and the gourmet food is fresh, local and colorful. Go for the collard wraps with a slightly sweet almond-ginger dipping sauce, pad Thai (made with kelp noodles and a cashew-based sauce) or white truffle pesto pasta (made from freshly cut zucchini) with pesto, sun-dried tomatoes and pine nut "parmesan." Keep dessert in mind: smooth, delicious pumpkin pie or a banana split with homemade cashew vanilla ice cream. You won't even notice the lack of dairy, eggs or butter. If you love your experience, grab a copy of the "Handmade in The Present Moment" cookbook on your way out.


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Start Slideshow
- Foster partners Lunar BaseFoster + Partners just announced plans to partner with the European Space Agency on an ambitious project to 3D print structures on the moon! The project will be a lunar house for four people that can withstand the threat of meteorites, gamma radiation and temperature fluctuations. Since transporting building materials to space is a challenge, the team is considering using on-site 3D printing as a solution.1
- Foster partners Lunar BaseFoster + Partners' moon base is a landmark for the field of 3D printing that could pave the way to lunar colonization in the future.2
- Foster partners Lunar BasePart of the lunar base could be transported by rocket in a tubular module that also serves as the protected entrance to the base.3
- Foster partners Lunar BaseThe tube entrance leads into an inflatable dome that serves as a support structure and defines the shape of the base.4
- Foster partners Lunar BaseInside, a 3D printer operated by a robot would print a protective shell of regolith layer by layer over the inflatable dome.5
- Foster partners Lunar BaseThe structure designed by Foster + Partners is being tested with simulated lunar soil at a smaller scale in a vacuum chamber, which is similar to the non-atmospheric lunar conditions.6
- Foster partners Lunar BaseIf the project is given a green light, the lunar accommodations will be based at the moon's south pole, which receives non-stop daylight.7


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The Life Love Game Design Challenge named its winners today. The Flash game design challenge sponsored by Jennifer Ann's Group asked developers to come up with games about teen dating violence prevention without using violent content or a violent theme.
The $1,000 winning design "Escape Your Boyfriend's Room" by Jorge Goyco is an interesting point and click game that manages to get both the warning signs of an abusive relationship across as well as how you can get yourself out of the relationship. I loved the look of the game and its approach to the subject matter really impressed me.
The first runner up $100 prize was handed out to "A Walk in the Park by Jared Sain." I loved the look of the game. My only suggestion is that maybe the game could do a better job of explaining how to get out of an abusive relationship. The final $100 runner-up was "Decisions, Decisions by Mark Kakareka"
Judges for the contest were my brother, Drew Crecente; Simon Carless, director of the Independent Games Festival; Stephen Totilo, of MTV and huge brain fame, Georgia Tech prof Ian Bogost and Dr. Elizabeth Richeson, a psychologist, Texas Psychological Association Board member, and my mom.
The winning entries were quite innovative, but more importantly I think this particular contest reiterates the mantra that video games can deal with important and delicate issues appropriately.
My understanding is that Drew plans to run the contest again next year. I hope it has just as many good entries. Hit up the site to check out the winners.


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About the Probation Department
The Monterey County Probation Department serves all of the criminal courts of Monterey County, California. Probation Officers supervise approximately 5,500 adult and 900 juvenile offenders granted probation by the courts. The department's services to the community include recommending sanctions to the court, enforcing court orders, operating correctional institutions, incarcerating delinquents, assisting victims, and providing corrective assistance to individuals in conflict with the law.
The department works together with law enforcement agencies, schools, community based organizations, and the citizens of Monterey County to form productive partnerships to ensure public safety, offender rehabilitation, and the protection of victims' rights.
The Probation Department also operates and maintains the Juvenile Hall and other juvenile facilities and programs, including the Youth Center, the Silver Star Youth Program, and the Silver Star Resource Center.
The executive offices of the Department are located at 20 E. Alisal Street, Salinas, California 93901. Executive staff are:
- Todd Keating, Chief Probation Officer
- Jennifer Butz, Youth Center Program Division Director
- Wil Sims, Adult Division Director
- Gregory Glazzard, Juvenile Division Director
- Jose Ramirez, Juvenile Hall Division Director
Mission of the Probation Department
The mission of the Monterey County Probation Department is to provide protection to the citizens of Monterey County by preventing and reducing the frequency, severity, and impact of criminal and delinquent behavior among adults and juveniles who come within the jurisdiction of the Probation Department. This is accomplished through prevention activities, preparation of appropriate reports, recommendations to the court, enforcement of court orders, providing victim assistance and by seeking and developing new methodologies in probation services.
Goals of the Probation Department
The primary goal of the Monterey County Probation Department is to provide the highest quality of probation services to the court, offenders, and the community. This goal is achieved when:
- The community is protected from dangerous persons;
- The rights of crime victims are recognized, respected, and ensured;
- Clients are deterred from criminal behavior;
- Clients are provided opportunities to become, and remain, law-abiding members of the community; and,
- Community programs and agencies are recognized and used as resources for crime prevention and/or rehabilitation.


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In what would prove to be his most important initiative if he could pull it off, San Diego Mayor Bob Filner has joined in support of the idea of bringing the Olympic Games to San Diego and Tijuana in an unprecedented binational Summer Games.
Filner last week told a group from both sides of the border that he was "very serious" about a joint San Diego/Tijuana bid to host the games as soon as the summer of 2024. He noted that San Diego was among the 35 U.S. cities that received a letter from the U.S. Olympic Committee soliciting interest in bidding for the 2024 games.
On this one, the mayor's instincts are spot on.
As civic leader Malin Burnham, a veteran of numerous efforts to bring mega-events to San Diego, wrote in a commentary on these pages last July, the benefits to the city would be enormous. Beyond the civic pride of hosting the biggest mega-event of all, the United States, as the host nation, would be expected to pour billions of dollars into infrastructure projects in the host city – infrastructure that would benefit the region for decades beyond the Olympics themselves. And all of that would "greatly enhance our future ability to attract more jobs by enticing startup companies, branch office expansions, as well as moving headquarters companies to the greater San Diego region," Burnham wrote.
In addition, as the U-T Editorial Board wrote in an accompanying editorial, such a binational event "would also bring the San Diego-Tijuana people together as no other event could. It would truly be hands across the border."
But the difficulty is Olympic-size.
First is the hurdle of overcoming the historic opposition to a binational event. A group led by Burnham studied the idea of a San Diego/Tijuana Olympics for more than two years – and found it feasible financially and otherwise – before getting eliminated from the competition among American cities in the first round by the USOC in 2006. And the International Olympic Committee, which would make the final decision, has never shown enthusiasm for the binational idea.
Second would be the hurdle of timing.
Filner said he wanted to bid for the 2024 games. But there is serious question whether San Diego or Tijuana could do what needs to be done in just 11 years.
Burnham said last summer that he believed the best chance to bring the summer games back to the U.S. would not be before 2028. He and others launched a quiet new effort to bring the games to San Diego in 2032.
Still, difficult does not mean that it can't be done or shouldn't at least be tried, for whatever year.
If Filner truly is "very serious," he must follow through – and fast.
He must commit to a long-term leadership effort. He must join forces with the business leaders studying the possibilities for 2032. A public-private partnership, including all the many stakeholders, must be launched to lead the effort.
San Diego has proved many times that it can do mega-events and do them with class. It could do the Olympics, too, whether going it alone or jointly with Tijuana, and whether in 2024, 2028 or 2032.
But there is no time to lose.


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Electronic Submittal Requirements
The Village is requiring all initial submittals for building permits to be done electronically. Applications are available in a fillable PDF format. If you have any questions regarding submitting plans and applications electronically, please contact the Building & Life Safety Department at firstname.lastname@example.com or 847.368.5560.
The Village's forms and license applications you need, whether remodeling your home, working on a commercial property, needing a business license or planning a community event, are found below in the Download Permits, Licenses & Guides directory below. Just enter a search and fill in or download what you need.
Most of the forms below pertain to many residential and commercial building projects which require permit applications for the protection of the property owner, neighbors and Village. In preparing for your project, please review the Business Resource Guide to the Development and Permit Process. This guide provides a summary of the Village codes, regulations, policies and requirements that are designed to establish construction standards for our community.
We're here to help! Whether you are remodeling a home or business, building a commercial building, starting a business, or planning a community event we want to make the paper process as easy and seamless as possible. We'll first start by telling you which Village Department can help you with your projects...
Building & Life Safety Department
The Building & Life Safety Department receives all applications for permits pertaining to private property, single and multi-family residences, commercial and business properties. They route information to respective Village Departments for approval, and issue permits that comply with the Municipal Code.
They also schedule all inspections, approves all revisions and addendums to drawings and coordinates all final inspections and occupancy requirements. The Department collects fees that enable the enforcement of all construction related codes and code inspections, which enhances the safety and quality of life for all who live in or visit Arlington Heights. The Village's Building & Life Safety Department is here to help with your questions and you can reach them at 847.368.5560, or email at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Engineering Department
The Engineering Department assists residents and developers with driveway projects, grading of backyards, road and sidewalk projects, new developments, detention needs, bike paths and requests for traffic signage for stop signs, speed limits, etc. Engineering and Public Works both assist with flooding concerns. The Engineering Department can help you on these types of projects, so do not hesitate to call them at 847.368.5250 or email them at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Planning & Community Development Department
The Planning & Community Development Department assists residents, businesses and developers with applications and reviews for design, zoning and Plan Commission projects pertaining to single-family and commercial projects, sign variations, rezoning, land use variations, special uses and subdivisions. The Village's Planning & Community Development Department is here to assist you at 847.368.5200 or email them at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Integrated Services Department (ISD)
Planning a community for your organization? First of all, thank you for adding an event for our community to enjoy! If your event involves using Village streets, public property, providing food to the public or selling alcohol, ISD can assist you. Contact the Village Manager's Office at 847.368.5100 or email firstname.lastname@example.com. Look for the forms you need in the Community Events folder in the document container above.
Same Day Permits
In order to provide quicker turnaround time for residential construction projects, Building Services offers over the counter and same day plan reviews. The goal is to review permit documents the same day the application is received. The process will require a plan review, and discussion of possible required changes to the submittal. Plan corrections must be made by the designer/architect/property owner to the plans in the Building Services Office as required.
The permits will be divided into two groups, over the counter reviews and same day plan reviews. Over the Counter Reviews Over the counter reviews will be available five days a week between 8 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. in Building & Life Safety Services, located on the first floor of Village Hall. No appointment is necessary. All information pertaining to a permit application must be submitted in order to be reviewed and approved. The following residential permit types will be eligible for over the counter reviews:
Same Day Plan Reviews
Same day plan reviews will be available Tuesdays & Thursdays between 9 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. and 1:30 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. by appointment only with a minimum 24-hour notice. The permit submittal must contain all necessary information to be reviewed and approved. To schedule an appointment contact Plan Reviewer Deb Pierce at 847.368.5592. The following residential permit types will be eligible for over the counter reviews:
Building Services requires mandatory inspections while work is in progress to ensure that construction complies with approved plans and code regulations. Required inspections for your project are listed on your permit placard.
All of the Village's inspectors are trained in their specialties. While they cannot design your project, they are more than willing to offer advice to assist you in completing the job as quickly and easily as possible. If it is necessary to have any inspector stop by your project for assistance, please let Building Services know when you call.
Work authorized by a permit must begin within six months from the date t he permit was issued and must also be completed within one year. Work extending beyond these time frames requires approval by the Director of Building & Life Safety Services. To obtain approval, fill out the permit extension letter and submit to Building & Life Safety Services.
After pouring the foundation for new structures, a spotted plat of survey showing the exact location of the foundation on the lot and top of foundation elevation must be submitted to Building Services for approval. No framing on the foundation shall be permitted to occur prior to the approval of the spotted plat of survey. Allow at least 2-3 business days for survey approval. Be sure to schedule your final inspection accordingly. Rule of thumb about inspections:
The following is a list of (but not limited to) required inspections:
All permits, licenses, applications and guides that are needed for residential/private, business/commercial, and/or community events can be found on our Permits & Licenses and Applications & Guides page, which is searchable. Just click on the Download Permits, Licenses & Guides button above.
Our documents & forms are separated into four categories: Business Licenses, Community Events, Community Planning & Zoning, and Residential & Commercial. The following provides an idea of what is available, but is not a full list:
Business Licenses
Community Events
Community Planning & Zoning
Residential & Commercial
33 S. Arlington Heights Road
Arlington Heights, IL 60005
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Shaped like a TV remote, the Nintendo Wii controller has been designed to be easily used by beginners and pros alike. Sensors determine the Wii Remote's position is in 3-D space, which means that racing-game steering and a tennis swing, for example, are done through movements of your hand rather than by just your thumbs. What's more, a tiny speaker built into the Wii Remote promises some interactive surround sound experiences. The controller also has a force feedback Rumble feature and an expansion port for use with accessories, such as the Nunchuck, which adds an analogue thumbstick and trigger buttons.
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