text:
RAIL is a user-centric performance model that breaks down the user's experience into key actions. RAIL's goals and guidelines aim to help developers and designers ensure a good user experience for each of these actions. By laying out a structure for thinking about performance, RAIL enables designers and developers to reliably target the work that has the highest impact on user experience.
Every web app has four distinct aspects to its life cycle, and performance fits into them in different ways:
Goals and guidelines
In the context of RAIL, the terms goals and guidelines have specific meanings:
- Goals. Key performance metrics related to user experience. Since human perception is relatively constant, these goals are unlikely to change any time soon.
- Guidelines. Recommendations that help you achieve goals. These may be specific to current hardware and network connection conditions, and therefore may change over time.
Focus on the user
Make users the focal point of your performance effort. The table below describes key metrics of how users perceive performance delays:
|User Perception Of Performance Delays
|0 to 16ms
|Users are exceptionally good at tracking motion, and they dislike it when animations aren't smooth. They perceive animations as smooth so long as 60 new frames are rendered every second. That's 16ms per frame, including the time it takes for the browser to paint the new frame to the screen, leaving an app about 10ms to produce a frame.
|0 to 100ms
|Respond to user actions within this time window and users feel like the result is immediate. Any longer, and the connection between action and reaction is broken.
|100 to 300ms
|Users experience a slight perceptible delay.
|300 to 1000ms
|Within this window, things feel part of a natural and continuous progression of tasks. For most users on the web, loading pages or changing views represents a task.
|1000ms or more
|Beyond 1000 milliseconds (1 second), users lose focus on the task they are performing.
|10000ms or more
|Beyond 10000 milliseconds (10 seconds), users are frustrated and are likely to abandon tasks. They may or may not come back later.
Users perceive performance delays differently, depending on network conditions and hardware. For example, loading an experience in 1000ms is plausible on a powerful desktop machine over a fast Wi-Fi connection, so users have grown accustomed to a 1000ms loading experience. But for mobile devices over slow 3G connections, loading in 5000ms is a more realistic goal, so mobile users are generally more patient.
Response: process events in under 50ms
Goal: Complete a transition initiated by user input within 100ms. Users spend the majority of their time waiting for sites to respond to their input, not waiting for the sites to load.
- Process user input events within 50ms to ensure a visible response within 100ms, otherwise the connection between action and reaction is broken. This applies to most inputs, such as clicking buttons, toggling form controls, or starting animations. This does not apply to touch drags or scrolls.
- Though it may sound counterintuitive, it's not always the right call to respond to user input immediately. You can use this 100ms window to do other expensive work. But be careful not to block the user. If possible, do work in the background.
- For actions that take longer than 50ms to complete, always provide feedback.
50ms or 100ms?:
The goal is respond to input in under 100ms, so why is our budget only 50ms? This is because there is generally other work being done in addition to input handling, and that work takes up part of the time available for acceptable input response. If an application is performing work in the recommended 50ms chunks during idle time, that means input can be queued for up to 50ms if it occurs during one of those chunks of work. Accounting for this, it's safe to assume only the remaining 50ms is available for actual input handling. This effect is visualized in the diagram below which shows how input received during an idle task is queued, reducing the available processing time:
Animation: produce a frame in 10ms
- Produce each frame in an animation in 10ms or less. Technically, the maximum budget for each frame is 16ms (1000ms / 60 frames per second ≈ 16ms), but browsers need about 6ms to render each frame, hence the guideline of 10ms per frame.
- Aim for visual smoothness. Users notice when frame rates vary.
- In high pressure points like animations, the key is to do nothing where you can, and the absolute minimum where you can't. Whenever possible, make use of the 100ms response to pre-calculate expensive work so that you maximize your chances of hitting 60fps.
- See Rendering Performance for various animation optimization strategies.
- Recognize all the types of animations. Animations aren't just fancy UI effects. Each of these
interactions are considered animations:
- Visual animations, such as entrances and exits, tweens, and loading indicators.
- Scrolling. This includes flinging, which is when the user starts scrolling, then lets go, and the page continues scrolling.
- Dragging. Animations often follow user interactions, such as panning a map or pinching to zoom.
Idle: maximize idle time
Goal: Maximize idle time to increase the odds that the page responds to user input within 50ms.
- Use idle time to complete deferred work. For example, for the initial page load, load as little data as possible, then use idle time to load the rest.
- Perform work during idle time in 50ms or less. Any longer, and you risk interfering with the app's ability to respond to user input within 50ms.
- If a user interacts with a page during idle time work, the user interaction should always take the highest priority and interrupt the idle time work.
Load: deliver content and become interactive in under 5 seconds
When pages load slowly, user attention wanders, and users perceive the task as broken. Sites that load quickly have longer average sessions, lower bounce rates, and higher ad viewability. See The Need For Mobile Speed: How Mobile Latency Impacts Publisher Revenue.
- Optimize for fast loading performance relative to the device and network capabilities that your users use to access your site. Currently, a good target for first loads is to load the page and be interactive in 5 seconds or less on mid-range mobile devices with slow 3G connections. See Can You Afford It? Real-World Web Performance Budgets. But be aware that these targets may change over time.
- For subsequent loads, a good target is to load the page in under 2 seconds. But this target may also change over time.
- Test your load performance on the mobile devices and network connections that are common among your users. If your business has information on what devices and network connections your users are on, then you can use that combination and set your own loading performance targets. Otherwise, The Mobile Economy 2017 suggests that a good global baseline is a mid-range Android phone, such as a Moto G4, and a slow 3G network, defined as 400ms RTT and 400kbps transfer speed. This combination is available on WebPageTest.
- Keep in mind that although your typical mobile user's device might claim that it's on a 2G, 3G, or 4G connection, in reality the effective connection speed is often significantly slower, due to packet loss and network variance.
- Focus on optimizing the Critical Rendering Path to unblock rendering.
- You don't have to load everything in under 5 seconds to produce the perception of a complete load. Enable progressive rendering and do some work in the background. Defer non-essential loads to periods of idle time. See Website Performance Optimization.
- Recognize the factors that affect page load performance:
- Network speed and latency
- Hardware (slower CPUs, for example)
- Cache eviction
- Differences in L2/L3 caching
- Parsing JavaScript
Tools for measuring RAIL
There are a few tools to help you automate your RAIL measurements. Which one you use depends on what type of information you need, and what type of workflow you prefer:
- Chrome DevTools. The developer tools built into Google Chrome. Provides in-depth analysis on everything that happens while your page loads or runs.
- Lighthouse. Available in Chrome DevTools, as a Chrome Extension, as a Node.js module, and within WebPageTest. You give it a URL, it simulates a mid-range device with a slow 3G connection, runs a series of audits on the page, and then gives you a report on load performance, as well as suggestions on how to improve. Also provides audits to improve accessibility, make the page easier to maintain, qualify as a Progressive Web App, and more.
- WebPageTest. Available at webpagetest.org/easy. You give it a URL, it loads the page on a real Moto G4 device with a slow 3G connection, and then gives you a detailed report on the page's load performance. You can also configure it to include a Lighthouse audit.
The sections below give you more information on how to use each tool to measure RAIL.
Chrome DevTools
The Performance panel is the main place to analyze your RAIL metrics. See Get Started With Analyzing Runtime Performance to get familiar with the Performance panel UI. The workflow and UI for analyzing load performance is mostly the same, the only difference is how you start and stop the recording. See Record load performance.
The following DevTools features are especially relevant:
- Throttle your CPU to simulate a less-powerful device.
- Throttle the network to simulate slower connections.
- View main thread activity to view every event that occurred on the main thread while you were recording.
- View main thread activities in a table to sort activities based on which ones took up the most time.
- Analyze frames per second (FPS) to measure whether your animations truly run smoothly.
- Monitor CPU usage, JS heap size, DOM nodes, layouts per second, and more in real-time with the Performance Monitor.
- Visualize network requests that occurred while you were recording with the Network section.
- Capture screenshots while recording to play back exactly how the page looked while the page loaded, or an animation fired, and so on.
- View interactions to quickly identify what happened on a page after a user interacted with it.
- Find scroll performance issues in real-time by highlighting the page whenever a potentially problematic listener fires.
- View paint events in real-time to identify costly paint events that may be harming the performance of your animations.
See Get started to learn how to set up and run Lighthouse.
The following audits are especially relevant:
- Response
- Estimated Input Latency. Estimates how long your app will take to respond to user input, based on main thread idle time.
- Uses Passive Event Listeners To Improve Scrolling.
- Load
- Registers A Service Worker. A service worker can cache common resources on a user's device, reducing time spent fetching resources over the network.
- Page Load Is Fast Enough On 3G.
- First Meaningful Paint. Measures when the page appears meaningfully complete.
- First CPU Idle. Marks the first time at which the page's main thread is quiet enough to handle input.
- Time To Interactive. Measures when a user can consistently interact with all page elements.
- Perceptual Speed Index.
- Reduce Render-Blocking Resources.
- Offscreen Images. Defer the loading of offscreen images until they're needed.
- Properly Size Images. Don't serve images that are significantly larger than the size that's rendered in the mobile viewport.
- Critical Request Chains. Visualize your Critical Rendering Path.
- Uses HTTP/2.
- Optimize Images.
- Enable Text Compression.
- Avoid Enormous Network Payloads.
- Uses An Excessive DOM Size. Reduce network bytes by only shipping DOM nodes that are needed for rendering the page.
Enter a URL at webpagetest.org/easy to get a report on how that page loads on a real mid-range Android device with a slow 3G connection.
RAIL is a lens for looking at a website's user experience as a journey composed of distinct interactions. Understand how users perceive your site in order to set performance goals with the greatest impact on user experience.
- Focus on the user.
- Respond to user input in under 100ms.
- Produce a frame in under 10ms when animating or scrolling.
- Maximize main thread idle time.
- Load interactive content in under 5000ms.


text:
Here are two very special opportunities to see (and, in at least one case, join in on) the work of some leading European contemporary dance/performance makers passing through town this weekend…
My Own Bodies – a solo for many
Sweden-based Shake it Collaborations (SiC) is an internationally active company comprised of Tove Sahlin and Dag Andersson. A small crowd of friends and acquaintances was in attendance last Sunday, in the Tenderloin, for the couple's highly social duet, Roses & Beans, which featured no roses (but a few flowers) and no beans (but one hell of a layer cake). Deploying exuberant as well as exasperated movement, popular song (sung a cappella and sometimes directly into each other's mouths), and a shrewd sense of humor, the piece sparked and built upon spontaneous interactions with and among the audience — all the while exploring various frames for the conception, reception, transmission, rejection, and abeyance of love as an organizing principle.
It was a memorable encounter, and, fortunately, not the last: This Friday and Saturday at CounterPULSE, Tove Sahlin will perform her everybody-in-the-pool solo, My Own Bodies.
The piece, which premiered in Stockholm's House of Dance in 2013, is a 40-minute shakeout in which the audience contributes to a "common shake action." The piece explores shaking as movement, as metaphor, as empathetic medium, as emotional trigger and state, and whatever else ends up on the floor. Come ready to quake. It should be a Richter 9.
Fri/28–Sat/1, 8pm, free (RSVP at counterpulse.org)
1310 Mission, SF
An Evening of Contemporary Dance
Meanwhile, a few blocks away on Market, you can find ACT's Costume Shop alive this Saturday night with two more contemporary dance pieces.
From Italy, well-known choreographer and dancer Caterina Basso presents Il Volume Com'era, her solo piece, which was selected for the Venice Biennale project Prima Danza in 2013.
"The project arises primarily from the desire to be alone in the room and to work on movement, movement that is not guided by the prompting of others," reads Basso's statement from the Biennale premiere. "The work takes shape on the basis of a body that moves invisible objects, in a kind of action composed of displacements and short paths through the spaces. A fragmented but natural pace that is transmitted by the activity of the hands to the entire body. A fragile body because it is blocked by clearly defined limits, it seeks a place but is an obstacle to itself, its parts do not collaborate, as if each of them were engaging in passive resistance. A body that cannot find a suitable place, the comfort of feeling welcomed in a detail of time and space, the relief of a relationship. A halting movement that becomes rhythm, which searches for the way out of paths and rules, without really finding them."
Sharing the bill with Basso are San Francisco dancer-choreographers Liz Tenuto and Monique Jenkinson, who will reprise the excellent duet they premiered at last year's West Wave festival: the witty, sensual, vital Am I Square?
Sat/1, 8pm, $10
ACT Costume Shop
1117 Market, SF
RSVP to firstname.lastname@example.com

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Crosby, Stills and Nash Join Lineup for Concert Against California Proposition 32
Crosby, Stills & Nash are joining Rage Against the Machine guitarist Tom Morello for a concert in Los Angeles next month, with a purpose of defeating California Proposition 32. The Oct. 3 show at the Nokia Theater will feature guest speakers between sets, and promises to include thousands of members of organized labor.
If approved, Proposition 32 will ban corporate and union contributions to state and local candidates, ban contributions by government contractors to the politicians who control contracts awarded to them, and ban automatic deductions by corporations, unions, and government of employees' wages to be used for politics (courtesy of ballotpedia.org).
Opponents of the measure call Proposition 32 a trojan horse that only opens up loopholes for super-PACs and out-of-state corporations. "This is about oil, tobacco, banking and insurance companies gaining the power necessary to re-write laws to fit their agenda," Morellos says in a press release.
Supporters of the law say the measure will put an end to special interest group's controlling elections and state politics and that the opponent argument is one made up by special interest groups. Unions of teachers, firefighters and police officers lead the group opposing Proposition 32. Crosby, Still & Nash will close the show after Morello's acoustic set.


text:
The Association of Book Publishers of B.C. has released their list of the 15 bestselling books for the week of January 5.
B.C.: 15 bestselling books for the week of January 5
1. Iron Road West: An Illustrated History of British Columbia's Railways — Derek Hayes (Harbour Publishing).
2. On the Rocks with Jack Knox: Islanders I Will Never Forget — Jack Knox (Heritage House Publishing).
3. 21 Things You May Not Know About the Indian Act — Bob Joseph (Page Two Strategies).
4. The Hidden Life of Trees: Illustrated Edition — Peter Wohlleben (Greystone Books).
5. E.J. Hughes Paints Vancouver Island — Robert Amos (TouchWood Editions).
6. Don't Never Tell Nobody Nothin' No How: The Real Story of West Coast Rum Running — Rick James (Harbour Publishing).
7. Murder by Milkshake: An Astonishing True Story of Adultery, Arsenic, and a Charismatic Killer — Eve Lazarus (Arsenal Pulp Press).
8. Buffy Sainte-Marie: The Authorized Biography — Andrea Warner (Greystone Books).
9. Shoelaces Are Hard: And Other Thoughtful Scribbles — Mike McCardell (Harbour Publishing).
10. Out of the Woods: Woodworkers along the Salish Sea — Pirjo Raits, photographs by Michele Ramberg & Dale Roth (Heritage House Publishing).
11. Dancing in Gumboots: Adventure, Love and Resilience — Women of the Comox Valley — edited by Lou Allison, with Jane Wilde (Caitlin Press).
12. One Eagle Soaring — Roy Henry Vickers and Robert Budd (Harbour Publishing).
13. 105 Hikes In and Around Southwestern British Columbia — Stephen Hui (Greystone Books).
14. Robert Bateman: The Boy Who Painted Nature — Margriet Ruurs, art by Robert Bateman (Orca Book Publishers).
15. Return of the Wolf: Conflict and Coexistence — Paula Wild (Douglas & McIntyre).
— Compiled by the Association of Book Publishers of B.C.
CLICK HERE to report a typo.
Is there more to this story? We'd like to hear from you about this or any other stories you think we should know about. Email firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Stripe and Frame
Sweet 16 Invitations
Stripe and Frame, Item# SW9929
Note: Sparkles are simulated and will not light up.
Stripe and Frame, Item# SW9929
Note: Sparkles are simulated and will not light up.
Reply Card
Stripe and Frame Thank You Card
Your Custom Photo Postage Stamps
"Stripe and Frame" Sweet Sixteen invitation features a soft pattern background and a beautiful crest-shaped frame lying on a horizontal stripe. Complementary graphics are printed on the back. Multiple color options available to match your personal style.
*Matching items available upon request.*
You will be able to select the typestyle and ink colors to use for your personalized text during the design process. Start by clicking on the green 'Personalize and Continue' button. We recommend using the default typestyle and ink colors.
|Estimated Postage Required:
|$0.55 stamp - if other items are not added into the Envelope. Click here for additional postage information.
|Item Type:
|Flat Card
|Card Dimensions:
|5.25" x 7.5" (W x H)
|Printing Process:
|Digital Press
|Paper Weight:
|Multiple Stock Options
|Typestyle Shown:
|Aphrodite and Futura
|Matching Ink Color:
|Coral and Grey
|Your choice of White or Cream Envelopes included. Printed return address and/or Calligraphy is available for an additional cost.
|Inner Lined Envelopes:
|Inner Lined Envelopes available for an Additional $.40 each. Choose from 20 different colors.


text:
During the winter, the Society meets every Tuesday from September through to the end of April at:Cruck Barn
City Discovery Centre
Bradwell Abbey
Alston Drive
Milton Keynes
Meetings open with refreshments at 7.30pm, for an 8pm start. Meeting are free for members. There is a charge of £2.00 for non-members.
During the summer, the Society meets every Tuesday from May through to the end of August. Meetings are on Tuesdays at 7.00p.m. unless otherwise stated. Stout footwear is generally advised for our outdoor meetings. Visitors are usually most welcome. Note that as many of the meeting places do not have postcodes, the closest is listed. Click on the grid reference to load a map showing the location of the site.
Please note that clause 7 of the Society's constitution reads: "The Society will exercise due care when arranging its meeting and activities for the benefit of members. Members taking part in any meeting or activity do so at their own risk".
Click this link to download the full Risk Assessment document.


text:
CIU Alumnus to Lead Fruit Research Center at Clemson
November 17, 2010
A 2007 graduate of Columbia International University Seminary & School of Missions is the new manager of Clemson University's Musser Fruit Research Center. Jeff Hopkins, who grew up on a farm in North Carolina, also has extensive experience in agricultural research in Ethiopia. Clemson University in Clemson, S.C. is known worldwide for its agriculture-related programs. Read more about Jeff Hopkins' new position, and how he became a connoisseur of coffee while in Africa at:


text:
Topic: Naboo guard RPG
I hope everyone knows how one of these are sopost to work. Make a character. You should know how this works the only thing different is the rank can't co above 2LT. I'll start:
Oh by the only the FIRST 3 people can be 2LT. Can tell anybody under him what to do
The next 5 people are sgt.Can tell cpl. PFC,and pvt.
The next 7 people get to be cpl.Can tell PFC.and pvt. what to do
The next 5 people are pvt.first class.Can tell pvt. what to do
Anybody sighs up after the first 20 people are Pvt. Can't tell nobody what to do
Name: Karson Ordo
Rank: 2LT
Weapon: Two upgraded S-5 blaster pistols, One sided electro staff
Skills: Expert slicer and swordsman
This takes place before Episode 1
No force powers


text:
In this tutorial you will become familiar with the basic tools and development processes under Kodo by creating a simple JPA application.
Imagine that you have decided to create a software toolkit to be used by pet shop operators. This toolkit must provide a number of solutions to common problems encountered at pet shops. Industry analysts indicate that the three most desired features are inventory maintenance, inventory growth simulation, and behavioral analysis. Not one to question the sage advice of experts, you choose to attack these three problems first.
According to the aforementioned experts, most pet shops focus on three types of animals only: dogs, rabbits, and snakes. This ontology suggests the following class hierarchy:
Animal ^ | +--------------------+ | | | Dog Rabbit Snake
We have provided an implementation of
Dog classes, plus some helper classes
and files to create the initial schema and populate the database
with some sample dogs. Let's take a closer look at these classes.
Provides some utility methods for examining and
manipulating the animals stored in the database. We will
fill in method definitions in
Section 1.2.3, "Inventory Maintenance".
This is the superclass of all animals that this pet store
software can handle.
Contains data and methods specific to dogs.
Contains data and
methods specific to rabbits. It will be used in
Section 1.2.4, "Inventory Growth".
tutorial.persistence.SeedDatabase: Populates the tutorial database with
an initial set of values.
Contains data and
methods specific to snakes. It will be used in
Section 1.2.5, "Behavioral Analysis".
This XML file contains Kodo-specific and standard JPA
configuration settings.
It is important to load all persistent entity classes at
startup so that Kodo can match database discriminator values
to entity classes. Often this happens automatically.
Some parts of this tutorial, however, do require that all
entity classes be loaded explicitly. The JPA
standard includes persistent class listings in its XML
configuration format. Add the following lines to
META-INF/persistence.xml between the
<provider> and the
<properties> elements:
<class>tutorial.persistence.Animal</class> <class>tutorial.persistence.Dog</class>
The solutions
directory contains the complete solutions to this tutorial,
including finished versions of the
.java files listed above:
java: Runs main methods in specified Java classes.
javac: Compiles
files into
files that can be executed by java.
kodoc: Runs the Kodo enhancer against the specified classes. More information is available in Section 5.2, "Enhancement" of the Reference Guide.
mappingtool: A utility that can be used to create and maintain the object-relational mappings and schema of all persistent classes in a JDBC-compliant datastore. This functionality allows the underlying mappings and schema to be easily kept up-to-date with the Java classes in the system. See Chapter 7, Mapping of the Reference Guide for more information.
Let's compile the initial classes and see them in action. To do
so, we must compile the
.java files, as we would
with any Java project, and then pass the resulting classes through
the Kodo enhancer:
Be sure that your
Make sure you are in the
directory. All examples throughout the tutorial assume that
you are in this directory.
Dog.java, and
These files are good examples of the simplicity JPA
engenders. As noted earlier, persisting an object or
manipulating an object's persistent data requires almost no
JPA-specific code.
For a very simple example of creating persistent objects,
please see the
seed method of
SeedDatabase.java. Note the objects are
created with normal Java
constructors. The files
Animal.java and
Dog.java are also good examples of
how JPA allows you to manipulate persistent data
without writing any specific JPA code, by providing
simple annotations.
Let's take a look at the
Animal.java file.
Notice that the class is a Plain Old Java Object (POJO), with
several annotations describing how the class is mapped into
a relational database. First, let's examine the class level
@Entity(name="Animal") @Table(name="JPA_TUT_ANIMAL") @Inheritance(strategy=InheritanceType.SINGLE_TABLE) @DiscriminatorColumn(name="SPECIES", length=100) public abstract class Animal { ... }
The annotations serve to map the class into the database. For more information on these and other annotations, see Chapter 5, Metadata and Chapter 12, Mapping Metadata.
@Entity: This annotation indicates that instances of this class may be persistent entities. The value of the name attribute is the entity name, and is used in queries, etc.
@Table: This annotation is used to map the entity to a primary table. The value of the name attribute specifies the name of the relational table to use as the primary table.
@Inheritance: When multiple classes in an inheritance hierarchy are persistent entity types, it is important to describe how the inheritance hierarchy is mapped. Setting the value of the strategy attribute to InheritanceType.SINGLE_TABLE indicates that the primary table for all subclasses shall be the same table as for the superclass.
@DiscriminatorColumn: With a SINGLE_TABLE inheritance mapping strategy, instances of multiple classes will be stored in the same table. This annotation describes a column in that table that is used to determine the type of an instance whose data is stored in a particular row. The name attribute is the name of the column, and the length attribute indicates the size of the column. By default, the unqualified class name for the instance is stored in the discriminator column. To store a different value for a type, use the @DiscriminatorValue annotation.
Let's take a look at our class' field annotations. We have chosen to use field access for our entities, meaning the persistence implementation will get and set persistent state directly through our class' declared fields. We could have chosen to use property access, in which the implementation accesses persistent state through our JavaBean getter and setter methods. In that case, we would have annotated our getter methods rather than our fields.
@Id @GeneratedValue @Column(name="ID") private long id; @Basic @Column(name="ANIMAL_NAME") private String name = null; @Basic @Column(name="COST") private float price = 0f;
The annotations serve to map the fields into the database. For more information on these and other annotations, see Chapter 5, Metadata.
@Id: This annotation indicates that the field is to be mapped to a primary key column in the database.
@GeneratedValue: Indicates that the implementation will generate a value for the field automatically.
@Column: This annotation describes the column to which the field will be mapped. The name attribute specifies the name of the column.
@Basic: This annotation indicates that the field is simply mapped into a column. There are other annotations that indicate entity relationships and other more complex mappings.
Compile the
.java files.
javac *.java
You can use any java compiler instead of javac.
Enhance the persistent classes.
kodoc Animal.java Dog.java
This step runs the Kodo enhancer on the
Animal.java and
Dog.java files mentioned above.
See Section 5.2, "Enhancement" of the Reference
Guide for more information on the enhancer, including how to
use automatic runtime enhancement.
Now that we've compiled the source files and enhanced the persistent classes, we're ready to set up the database. For more information on how to connect to a different database or how to add support for other databases, see Chapter 4, JDBC of the Reference Guide.
Create the object-relational mappings and database schema.
mappingtool Animal.java Dog.java
This command propagates the necessary schema for the
specified classes to the database configured in
persistence.xml. If you are
using the default Hypersonic SQL setup, the first time you
run the mapping tool Hypersonic will create
tutorial_database.properties and
tutorial_database.script database
files in your current directory. To
delete the database, just delete these files.
By default, JPA uses object-relational mapping information stored in annotations in your source files. Chapter 12, Mapping Metadata of the JPA Overview will help you understand mapping annotations. Additionally, Chapter 7, Mapping of the Reference Guide describes your other mapping options in detail.
If you are curious, you can view the schema Kodo created for the tutorial classes with Kodo's schema tool:
schematool -a reflect -f tmp.schema
This will create a
tmp.schema file
with an XML representation of the database schema. The
XML should be self explanatory; see
Section 4.15, "XML Schema Format"
of the Reference Guide for details. You may delete the
tmp.schema file before proceeding.
Populate the database with sample data.
java tutorial.persistence.SeedDatabase
Congratulations! You have now created an JPA-accessible persistent store, and seeded it with some sample data.
The most important element of a successful pet store product, say the
experts, is an inventory maintenance mechanism. So, let's work on the
Animal and
Dog classes a
bit to permit user interaction with the database.
This chapter should familiarize you with some of the basics of the JPA specification and the mechanics of compiling and enhancing persistent classes. You will also become familiar with the mapping tool for propagating the persistent schema into the database.
First, let's add some code to
AnimalMaintenance.java that allows us to examine
the animals currently in the database.
Add code to
Modify the
getAnimals method of
AnimalMaintenance.java to look like this:
/** * Return a list of animals that match the specified query filter. * * @param filter the JPQL filter to apply to the query * @param cls the class of animal to query on * @param em the EntityManager to obtain the query from */ public static List getAnimals(String filter, EntityManager em) { // Execute a query for the specified filter. Query query = em.createQuery(filter); return query.getResultList(); }
javac AnimalMaintenance.java
Take a look at the animals in the database.
java tutorial.persistence.AnimalMaintenance list Animal
Notice that
list optionally takes a
query filter. Let's explore the database some more, this time
using filters:
java tutorial.persistence.AnimalMaintenance list "select a from Animal a where a.name = 'Binney'" java tutorial.persistence.AnimalMaintenance list "select a from Animal a where a.price <= 50"
The Java Persistence Query Language (JPQL) is designed to look
and behave much like an object oriented SQL dialect. The
name and
price fields
identified in the above queries map to the member fields of
those names in
More details on JPQL syntax is available in
Chapter 10, JPA Query of the JPA Overview.
Great! Now that we can see the contents of the database, let's add some code that lets us add and remove animals.
As new dogs are born or acquired, the store owner will
need to add new records to the inventory database. In this
section, we'll write the code to handle additions through
This section will familiarize you with the mechanism for
storing persistent instances in a JPA entity
manager. We will create a new dog, obtain a
Transaction from a
EntityManager, and, within the
transaction, make the new dog object persistent.
provides a reflection-based facility for creating any type of
animal, provided that the animal has a two-argument constructor
whose first argument corresponds to the name of the animal
and whose second argument is an implementation-specific
primitive. This reflection-based system is in place to keep this
tutorial short and remove repetitive creation mechanisms. It is
not a required part of the JPA specification.
Add the following code to
Modify the
persistObject method of
AnimalMaintenance.java to look like
/** * Performs the actual JPA work of putting object * into the data store. * * @param object the object to persist in the data store */ public static void persistObject(EntityManager em, Object object) { // Mark the beginning of the unit of work boundary. em.getTransaction().begin(); em.persist(object); // Mark the end of the unit of work boundary, // and record all inserts in the database. em.getTransaction().commit(); System.out.println("Added " + object); }
In the above code, we pass in an
javac AnimalMaintenance.java
You now have a mechanism for adding new dogs to the database. Go ahead and add some by running java tutorial.persistence.AnimalMaintenance add Dog <name> <price> For example:
java tutorial.persistence.AnimalMaintenance add Dog Fluffy 35
You can view the contents of the database with:
java tutorial.persistence.AnimalMaintenance list Dog
What if someone decides to buy one of the dogs? The store owner will need to remove that animal from the database, since it is no longer in the inventory.
This section demonstrates how to remove data from the datastore.
Add the following code to
Modify the
deleteObjects method of
AnimalMaintenance.java to look like
/** * Performs the actual JPA work of removing * objects from the datastore. * * @param objects the objects to persist in the datastore * @param em the EntityManager to delete with */ public static void deleteObjects(Collection objects, EntityManager em) { // Mark the beginning of the unit of work boundary. em.getTransaction().begin(); // This method removes the objects in 'objects' from the data store. for (Object ob : objects) { System.out.println("Removed animal: " + ob); em.remove(ob); } // Mark the end of the unit of work boundary, and record all // deletes in the database. em.getTransaction().commit(); }
javac AnimalMaintenance.java
Remove some animals from the database.
java tutorial.persistence.AnimalMaintenance remove <query>
<query> is a query
string like those used for listing animals above.
All right. We now have a basic pet shop inventory management system. From this base, we will add some of the more advanced features suggested by our industry experts.
Now that we have the basic pet store framework in place, let's add support for the next pet in our list: the rabbit. The rabbit is a bit different than the dog; pet stores sell them all for the same price, but gender is critically important since rabbits reproduce rather easily and quickly. Let's put together a class representing a rabbit.
In this chapter, you will see some more queries and write a bidirectional relation between objects.
Provided with this tutorial is a file called
Rabbit.java which contains a sample
Rabbit implementation.
The Rabbit class above contains a bidirectional relationship between parents and children. From the Java side of things, a bidirectional relationship is simply a pair of fields that are conceptually linked. There is no special Java work necessary to express bidirectionality. However, you must identify the relationship as bidirectional using JPA annotations so the mapping tool can create the most efficient schema.
Insert this snippet of code immediately
before the
field declaration in the
Rabbit.java file.
@ManyToMany @JoinTable(name="RABBIT_CHILDREN", joinColumns=@JoinColumn(name="PARENT_ID"), inverseJoinColumns=@JoinColumn(name="CHILD_ID"))
@ManyToMany annotation indicates that
children is one side of a many-to-many
@JoinTable describes how this
relation maps to a database join table. The annotation's
joinColumns name the join table's foreign
key columns linking to the owning instance (the parent). In
this case, column
is a foreign key to the parent's
ID primary
key column. Similarly, the
attribute denotes the foreign key columns linking to
the collection elements (the children).
For more details on the
annotation, see Chapter 12, Mapping Metadata of the
JPA Overview.
Now we'll map the other side of this bidirectional relation,
parents field.
Insert the following snippet of code immediately
before the parents
field declaration in the
Rabbit.java file.
mappedBy attribute identifies the name
of the owning side of the relation.
javac Rabbit.java
Enhance the
Rabbit class.
kodoc Rabbit.java
Refresh the object-relational mappings and database schema.
mappingtool Rabbit.java
Now that we have a Rabbit class, let's get some preliminary rabbit data into the database.
Add a
<class> entry for
Rabbit to
Create some rabbits.
Run the following commands a few times to add some male and female rabbits to the database:
java tutorial.persistence.AnimalMaintenance add Rabbit <name> false java tutorial.persistence.AnimalMaintenance add Rabbit <name> true
Now run some breeding iterations.
java tutorial.persistence.Rabbit breed 2
Look at your new rabbits.
java tutorial.persistence.AnimalMaintenance list Rabbit java tutorial.persistence.AnimalMaintenance details "select r from Rabbit r where r.name = '<name>'"
Often, pet stores sell snakes as well as rabbits and dogs. Pet stores are primarily concerned with a snake's length; much like rabbits, pet store operators usually sell them all for a flat rate.
This chapter demonstrates more queries, schema manipulation, and additional relation types.
Provided with this tutorial is a file called
which contains a sample
implementation. Let's get it compiled and loaded:
Examine and compile
javac Snake.java
Enhance the class.
kodoc Snake.java
Refresh the mappings and database.
As we have created a new persistent class, we must map it to the database and change the schema to match. So run the mapping tool:
mappingtool Snake.java
Add a
<class> entry for
Snake to
Once you have compiled everything, add a few snakes to the database using:
java tutorial.persistence.AnimalMaintenance add Snake "name" <length>
<length> is the length in feet
for the new snake. To see the new snakes in the database, run:
java tutorial.persistence.AnimalMaintenance list Snake
Unfortunately for the massively developing rabbit population, snakes
often eat rabbits. Any good inventory system should be able to capture
this behavior. So, let's add some code to
to support the snake's eating behavior.
First, let's modify
Snake.java to contain a
list of eaten rabbits.
Add the following code snippets to
// This list will be persisted into the database as // a one-to-many relation. @OneToMany(mappedBy="eater") private Set<Rabbit> giTract = new HashSet<Rabbit> ();
Note that we specified a
attribute in this example. This is because the relation is
bidirectional; that is, the rabbit has knowledge of which
snake ate it. We could have left out the
eater field and instead created a
standard unidirectional relation. In fact, in a bidirectional
many-to-one relation, the many side must always be the owner.
For more information on types of relations, see Section 12.8, "Field Mapping" of the JPA Overview.
Modify the
toString (boolean) method to
output the giTract list.
public String toString(boolean detailed) { StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer(1024); buf.append("Snake ").append(getName()); if (detailed) { buf.append(" (").append(length).append(" feet long) sells for "); buf.append(getPrice()).append(" dollars."); buf.append(" Its gastrointestinal tract contains:\n"); for (Rabbit rabbit : giTract) buf.append("\t").append(rabbit).append("\n"); } else buf.append("; ate " + giTract.size() + " rabbits."); return buf.toString(); }
Add the following methods.
/** * Kills the specified rabbit and eats it. */ public void eat(Rabbit dinner) { // Consume the rabbit. dinner.kill(); dinner.setEater(this); giTract.add(dinner); System.out.println("Snake " + getName() + " ate rabbit " + dinner.getName() + "."); } /** * Locates the specified snake and tells it to eat a rabbit. */ public static void eat(EntityManager em, String filter) { em.getTransaction().begin(); // Find the desired snake(s) in the data store. Query query = em.createQuery(filter); List<Snake> results = query.getResultList(); if (results.isEmpty()) { System.out.println("No snakes matching '" + filter + "' found"); return; } Query uneatenQuery = em.createQuery ("select r from Rabbit r where r.isDead = false"); Random random = new Random(); for (Snake snake : results) { // Run a query for a rabbit whose 'isDead' field indicates // that it is alive. List<Rabbit> menu = uneatenQuery.getResultList(); if (menu.isEmpty()) { System.out.println("No live rabbits in DB."); break; } // Select a random rabbit from the list. Rabbit dinner = menu.get(random.nextInt(menu.size())); // Perform the eating. System.out.println(snake + " is eating:"); snake.eat(dinner); } em.getTransaction().commit(); } public static void main(String[] args) { if (args.length == 2 && args[0].equals("eat")) { EntityManagerFactory emf = Persistence. createEntityManagerFactory(null); EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager(); eat(em, args[1]); em.close(); emf.close(); return; } // If we get here, something went wrong. System.out.println("Usage:"); System.out.println(" java tutorial.persistence.Snake eat " + "\"snakequery\""); }
Add an
eater field to
Rabbit.java, and a getter and setter.
@ManyToOne @JoinColumn(name="EATER_ID") private Snake eater; ... public Snake getEater() { return eater; } public void setEater(Snake snake) { eater = snake; }
@ManyToOne annotation indicates that this
is the many side of the bidirectional relation. The many side
must always be the owner in this type of relation. The
@JoinColumn describes the foreign key
that joins the rabbit table to the snake table. The rabbit
table has an
EATER_ID column that is a
foreign key to the
ID primary key column
of the snake table.
Snake.java and
Rabbit.java and enhance the classes.
javac Snake.java Rabbit.java kodoc Snake.java Rabbit.java
Refresh the mappings and database.
mappingtool Snake.java Rabbit.java
Now, experiment with the following commands:
java tutorial.persistence.Snake eat "select s from Snake s where s.name = '<name>'" java tutorial.persistence.AnimalMaintenance details "select s from Snake s where s.name = '<name>'"
Imagine that one of the snakes in the database was named Killer. To find out which rabbits Killer ate, we could run either of the following two queries:
java tutorial.persistence.AnimalMaintenance details "select s from Snake s where s.name = 'Killer'" java tutorial.persistence.AnimalMaintenance list "select r from Rabbit r where r.eater.name = 'Killer'"
The first query is snake-centric - the query runs against the
Snake class, looking for all snakes named
Killer and providing a detailed listing of them. The second is
rabbit-centric - it examines the rabbits in the database for
instances whose
eater is named Killer.
This second query demonstrates the that simple java 'dot' syntax
is used when traversing an to-one field in a query.
It is also possible to traverse collection fields. Imagine that there was a rabbit called Roger in the datastore and that one of the snakes ate it. In order to determine who ate Roger Rabbit, you could run a query like this:
java tutorial.persistence.AnimalMaintenance details "select s from Snake s inner join s.giTract r where r.name = 'Roger'"
Congratulations! You are now the proud author of a pet store inventory suite. Now that you have all the major features of the pet store software implemented, it's time to add some extra features. You're on your own; think of some features that you think a pet store should have, or just explore the features of JPA.
Here are a couple of suggestions to get you started:
Animal pricing.
Animal to contain an inventory
cost and a resale price. Calculate the real dollar amount
eaten by the snakes (the sum of the inventory costs of all the
consumed rabbits), and the cost assuming that all the eaten
rabbits would have been sold had they been alive. Ignore the
fact that the rabbits, had they lived, would have created more
rabbits, and the implications of the reduced food costs due to
the not-quite-as-hungry snakes and the smaller number of
Dog categorization.
Dog to have a
relation to a new class called
which contains a name identifying the breed of the dog and a
description of the breed. Put together an admin tool for
breeds and for associating dogs and breeds.


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Fitness Connection, Houston, may be the latest acquisition by Titan Fitness, McLean, VA, but it is not the only change the company made recently and it will not be the last, promises Jeff Skeen, president and CEO of Titan Fitness.
In July, Titan Fitness purchased seven Fitness Connection clubs for an undisclosed sum, and shortly thereafter, ended its Gold's Gym International franchisee status, under which it had 10 clubs.
Titan's 17 clubs are now branded as Fitness Connection, and the company has budgeted $1 million to rebrand as such.
At about the same time, Titan completed a $4.6 million equity offering with its two private equity fund backers, WestView Capital Partners, Boston, and National City Equity Partners, Cleveland.
"Leaving the brand was definitely a difficult decision," Skeen says. "However, by not being a franchisee, we now have the ability to view our growth with a much broader lens, including developing new markets that were not available to us before and a wider spectrum of acquisition/merger opportunities."
The move also allows Titan Fitness to develop a localized brand into a national one. And it will allow the company to expand more into wellness.
"When we started looking at the Fitness Connection acquisition, we realized that the company had a name which reflects our desire as a company to reach a part of the American population that isn't coming into health clubs," Skeen says. "A big part of our messaging is about connecting people to health and fitness and being a solution to the health care crisis."
Skeen's clubs offer programs, such as boot camps and corporate wellness programs, that can be offered outside the walls of the clubs. More of these types of offerings are planned.
"We are in the process of speaking to a number of companies that we plan to either acquire or strategically partner with to expand into areas such as corporate wellness, nutrition and wellness coaching, and medical services," Skeen says.
Prior to the Fitness Connection purchase, Skeen's team had considered other acquisitions, but the economy made it difficult to find financially attractive possibilities. Skeen's criteria for acquisitions is that the chain has at least $1.5 million in regional EBITDA, is in a market that has the potential for growth and is one of the top three operators in that market.
"The Fitness Connection management team is very talented and has done a great job of navigating through the recession as well as providing a business that met all of our acquisition criteria," Skeen says. "We have worked with this team in the past through other acquisitions, so we felt very comfortable with the way they run the health club chains they own."
As is typical in acquisitions by Titan Fitness, the management team at Fitness Connection is staying on board. This practice allows Titan Fitness to be opportunistic in its purchases rather than geographic, which accounts for why Titan's clubs are located in different parts of the country: North Carolina, Nevada and Texas.
Skeen's team is considering a number of potential acquisitions, but he would not elaborate. If all of them come to fruition, the company could have more than 60 locations in five years, and that does not count the possible purchase of synergistic companies that focus on health and wellness.
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Skeen had a long history with Gold's Gym that goes back to 1992 when he was partner and CFO for the G Group, which was owned by brothers Kirk and John Galiani. The G Group owned and operated a Gold's Gym club and grew that to 11 locations. After becoming one of the most profitable Gold's franchisees, the G Group bought Gold's Gym International in 1999 with Brockway Moran & Partners, a private equity firm, sponsoring the transaction. Kirk and John Galiani, who then served as CEO and COO of Gold's Gym, respectively, stepped down in 2001, but Skeen remained a principal and CIO for Gold's Gym, designing an information system that united the chain's corporate and franchised locations. In 2004, he created Titan Management Solutions as a consulting company for Gold's Gym franchisees. In July 2007, he became a Gold's Gym franchisee as head of Titan Fitness LLC.


text:
Effective Date: 10 April, 2020
Welcome to LoungeBuddy ("LoungeBuddy," "we," "us" or "our"). LoungeBuddy provides a fast, easy way to find airport lounges, explore amenities, understand access requirements, and share your airport lounge experiences with photos, reviews, and ratings.
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- Secure our Services. Your personal information is important to us. To maintain the security of our Services, we may process your personal information to combat spam, malware, malicious activities or security risks. In addition, we may monitor and verify your identity to prevent unauthorized access, and generally process your personal information to improve the security of our Services. We cannot provide the Services securely without such processing.
- Conduct Research and Product Development. We process your personal information to provide, improve, test, and monitor the effectiveness of our Services, and to develop and test new products and features. We take additional security measures when processing your personal information for such purposes, such as by de-identifying (or "pseudonymizing") your personal information and limiting access to our personnel to such data. Without such processing, we may not be able to ensure your continued enjoyment of part or all of our Services.
- Personalize the Services for You. Our Services process personal information about you to provide you with a personalized experience. For example, we allow you to configure the Services to your preferred settings and to connect to third-party services. Without processing your personal information for such purposes, we may not be able to ensure your continued enjoyment of part or all of our Services. Please see our Cookie Policy for more information.
- Engage in Marketing Activities. We may process your personal information on our Services to: send you marketing communications; run contests, special offers or other events or activities ("Events") on the Service; deliver targeted marketing to you; provide you with information about events, webinars or other materials; and to keep you updated about our Services. When you share your friends' or business partners' contact information with us, we may reach out to them on your behalf in accordance with applicable laws. If you do not want to participate in an Event, send an email to with your username and/or email address associated with your account to firstname.lastname@example.com. You can unsubscribe from marketing communications at any time and without charge.
- Maintain Legal or Regulatory Compliance. Our Services are subject to laws and regulations that require us to process your personal information, such as to pay our taxes, fulfill our business obligations, comply with recruitment and employment laws, or to manage risk on our Services as required by applicable law. We cannot provide you with the Services without processing your personal information for such purposes, otherwise we risk noncompliance with the law.
Before we use your personal information for purposes not described in this Policy, we will disclose such other purposes to you prior to our processing. You may choose not to allow us to process your personal information for any purposes that are not compatible with the purposes for which we originally collected your personal information or subsequently obtained your consent. However, you should be aware that if you choose to limit how we use your personal information, some or all of the Services may not be available to you.
Sharing of your information
We will not rent or sell your information to third parties outside LoungeBuddy without your consent, except as noted in this Policy. Please see the CALIFORNIA PRIVACY section below regarding sales subject to the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018.
Parties with whom we may share your information:
- Affiliated Businesses. We may share your personal information with businesses that are legally part of the same group of companies that LoungeBuddy is part of, or that become part of that group ("Affiliates"). Affiliates may use this information to help provide, understand, and improve the Service (including by providing analytics) and Affiliates' own services (including by providing you with better and more relevant experiences).
- Our Service Providers, Business Partners and Others. We also may share your personal information with our service providers, business partners or third-party organizations that help us provide the Service to you ("Service Providers"). Such entities will be given access to your information as is reasonably necessary to provide the Service under reasonable confidentiality terms.
- De-Identified or Aggregated Data. We may remove parts of data that can identify you and share de-identified data with other parties. We may also combine your information with other information in a way that it is no longer associated with you and share that aggregated information.
- Sharing Based on Your Actions. Any information or content that you voluntarily disclose for posting to the Service, such as User Content, becomes available to the public, as controlled by any applicable privacy settings that you set. Once you have shared User Content or made it public, that User Content may be re-shared by others. Subject to your profile and privacy settings, any User Content that you make public is searchable by other Users. If you remove information that you posted to the Service, copies may remain viewable in cached and archived pages of the Service. In addition, you may share personal information via third-party services integrated on our Services (e.g., Concur, TripIt, etc.).
- Change of Control. If we sell or otherwise transfer part or the whole of LoungeBuddy or our assets to another organization (e.g., in the course of a transaction like a merger, acquisition, bankruptcy, dissolution, liquidation), your information such as name and email address, User Content and any other information collected through the Service may be among the items sold or transferred. You will continue to own your personal information and the buyer or transferee will have to honor the commitments we have made in this Privacy Policy. We will notify you with any choices you may have regarding your information.
- Responding to Legal Requests and Preventing Harm. We may access, preserve and share your information in response to a legal request (like a search warrant, court order or subpoena) if we have a good faith belief that the law requires us to do so. We may also access, preserve and share information when we have a good faith belief it is necessary to: detect, prevent and address fraud and other illegal activity; to protect ourselves, you and others, including as part of investigations; and to prevent death or imminent bodily harm. Information we receive about you may be accessed, processed and retained for an extended period of time when it is the subject of a legal request or obligation, governmental investigation, or investigations concerning possible violations of our terms or policies, or otherwise to prevent harm.
You can unsubscribe from marketing email communications from us by clicking on the "unsubscribe link" provided in such communications or send an unsubscribe to us at firstname.lastname@example.com. We will process your request within a reasonable time after receipt. As noted above, you may not opt out of Service-related communications (e.g., account verification, purchase and billing confirmations and reminders, changes, updates to features of the Service, technical and security notices).
Transfer of your information
When you access or use our Services, your information may be processed in the United States or any other country in which LoungeBuddy, its affiliates or service providers maintain facilities. Such countries or jurisdictions may have data protection laws that are less protective than the laws of the jurisdiction in which you reside. If you do not want your information transferred to, processed, or maintained outside of the country or jurisdiction where you are located, you should immediately stop using the Services.
Update and access your account information
You may update your account at any time by logging in and changing your profile settings. If you have any questions about reviewing or modifying your account information, please contact us directly at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Children's privacy
LoungeBuddy does not knowingly collect or solicit any information from anyone under the age of 18 or knowingly allow such persons to register for the Service. The Service and its content are not directed at children under the age of 18. In the event that we learn that we have collected personal information from a child under age 18 without parental consent, we will delete that information as quickly as possible. If you believe that we might have any information from or about a child under 18, please contact us at email@example.com.
We use commercially reasonable safeguards to help keep the information collected through the Service secure and take reasonable steps (such as requesting a unique password) to verify your identity before granting you access to your account. However, LoungeBuddy cannot ensure the security of any information you transmit to LoungeBuddy or guarantee that information on the Service may not be accessed, disclosed, altered, or destroyed.
Please do your part to help us. You are responsible for maintaining the secrecy of your unique password and account information, and for controlling access to emails between you and LoungeBuddy, at all times. Your privacy settings may also be affected by changes the social media services you connect to LoungeBuddy make to their services. We are not responsible for the functionality, privacy, or security measures of any other organization.
Following termination or deactivation of your account, LoungeBuddy, its Affiliates, or its Service Providers may retain your personal information for a commercially reasonable time for backup, archival, and/or audit purposes, or as long as necessary to comply with our legal obligations, to resolve disputes, or enforce our agreements. Otherwise we will try to delete your personal information upon your request or when we no longer need it for the purposes we originally collected it for. We will not delete any personal information that you share with other users, unless such other users also wish to delete their personal information at the same time.
Any photos you publicly submit to the Services will be kept and displayed on the Services (or displayed in the future) unless you specifically request to have these images removed. To request image removal, you must send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com along with the email address you provided when you submitted the image(s).
We recognize that retention requirements can vary between jurisdictions, but we generally apply the retention periods described below.
- Marketing Contact Information. We will retain your marketing contact information until you unsubscribe from our marketing communications. Upon your request to unsubscribe, we will store your contact information on our suppression list to ensure we do not send you marketing communications in the future.
- Activity Data. We collect information about your interactions with our Services and any User Content you create, post or share on our Services, which we may store indefinitely after the closure of your account for the establishment or defense of legal claims, audit, or fraud and/or crime prevention purposes.
- Web Behavior Data. Any cookie information, including information collected via web beacons, flash cookies, or pixels, is retained up to two years from expiry of the cookie or the date of collection.
- Telephone Records. As required by applicable law, we will provide notice on any telephone call with you if we intend to record the call. Such recordings will be stored for a period of up to six years.
If you have any questions about termination or deactivation of your account, please contact us directly at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Other web sites and services
We are not responsible for the practices employed by any websites or services linked to or from our Service, including the information or content contained within them. Please remember that when you use a link to go from our Service to another website or service, our Policy does not apply to those third-party websites or services, even if they are offered within or through our Services. For example, you may be able to sign up for a promotion or visit another company's website linked that is handled by a third-party partner, such as Concur.
Your browsing and interaction on any third-party website or service, including those that have a link on our website, are subject to that third party's own rules and policies.
In addition, you agree that we are not responsible and do not have control over any third-parties that you authorize to access your User Content. For example, you may share your User Content with TripIt or Concur to process reimbursements for your Service charges and we do not control how TripIt or Concur handle your User Content. If you are using a third-party website or service and you allow them to access your User Content, you do so at your own risk. Always familiarize yourself with the privacy practices of any third party you wish to share your personal information with.
Public information
By using our Service you understand and agree that we are providing a platform for you to post content, including photos, comments and other materials ("User Content"), to the Service and to share User Content publicly. This means that other Users may search for, see, use, or share any of your User Content that you make publicly available through the Service, consistent with the terms and conditions of this Policy and our Terms of Use.
We do not track or respond to browser "DO-NOT-TRACK" requests.
California privacy
This section of the Privacy Policy provides additional information to California ("CA") residents whose personal information is processed pursuant to the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 ("CCPA"). It describes the categories of personal information LoungeBuddy collects and your rights.
This section does not apply to personal information that is protected under federal financial privacy laws, or to information that is publicly available or that has been de-identified or aggregated.
Categories of Personal Information We Collect
Depending on the nature of your relationship with us (e.g., LoungeBuddy user or lounge partner), we may collect the following categories of personal information about you, including:
- Identifiers such as name, online identifier, internet protocol address, email address and account name;
- Information that identifies, relates to or is capable of being associated with, a particular individual;
- Characteristics of protected classifications under California or federal law such as race, sex/gender or marital status;
- Commercial information such as your purchase history
- Internet or other electronic network activity information such as browsing history;
- Geolocation data, available through your device, if enabled;
- Audio, electronic, or similar information;
- Other personal information, as described to you in this Privacy Policy, or otherwise at the point of collection; and
- Inferences drawn from any of the information identified above, including about your preferences.
Depending on your relationship with us, we may have collected each of the above categories of personal information about you during the preceding 12 months. In addition, we may have shared each of these categories of personal information with third parties during the preceding 12 months for the business purposes described in this Privacy Policy.
Please refer above for more detailed information regarding our sources of personal information, our use of personal information, and the categories of third parties with whom we may share personal information.
Your CA Privacy Rights
As a California resident, beginning after January 1, 2021, you may have certain rights over the personal information we have about you, depending on the type of relationship you have with us.
We do not offer an opt out of sale link on our homepage for the purposes of the CCPA. We may share personal information with our service providers, with third parties with whom we jointly offer products or services, with third parties from whom you request a product or service through us, in the context of a merger, acquisition, bankruptcy, or other corporate transaction, or as otherwise permitted by the CCPA.
Notice to individuals in the European economic area and Switzerland
This section only applies to Users of our Service that are located in the European Economic Area, United Kingdom and/or Switzerland (collectively, the "Designated Countries") at the time of data collection.
We may ask you to identify which country you are located in when you use or access some of the Services, or we may rely on your IP address to identify which country you are located in. When we rely on your IP address, we cannot apply the terms of this section to any User that masks or otherwise hides their location information from us so as not to appear located in the Designated Countries. If any terms in this section conflict with other terms contained in this Policy, the terms in this section shall apply to Users in the Designated Countries.
Our Relationship to You. LoungeBuddy is a data controller with regard to any personal information collected from Users of its Service. A "data controller" is an entity that determines the purposes for which and the manner in which any personal information is processed. Any third parties that handle your personal information in accordance with our instructions are our service providers and are "data processors."
You are a "User." Users are individuals providing personal information to us via our Services, such as by creating an account with our Apps, signing up for our newsletter(s), or otherwise accessing or using our Services.
When you use our Service, you may invite end users or collect information via our Service about others – this is call "end user" information. We are not responsible for how you collect, store, or otherwise process end user information on our Service. You are responsible for end user information and ensuring you are processing such information in compliance with all applicable laws.
Legal Bases for Processing Personal Information. Below is a chart indicating the legal bases we rely in processing personal information.
|Purposes of Processing
|Legal Basis for Processing
|Processing is based on our contract obligations or to take steps at the request of the individual prior to entering into a contract.
|Processing is based on our legitimate interest to better understand you, to maintain and improve the accuracy of the information we store about you, and to better promote or optimize our Services.
|Processing is necessary for compliance with our legal obligations, the public interest, or in your vital interests.
Marketing. We will only contact individuals located in the Designated Countries by electronic means (including email or SMS) based on our legitimate interests, as permitted by applicable law, or the individual's consent. When we rely on legitimate interest, we will only send you information about our Services that are similar to those which were the subject of a previous sale or negotiations of a sale to you.
If you do not want us to use your personal information in this way, or to disclose your personal information to third parties for marketing purposes, please click an unsubscribe link in your emails, or contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com. You can object to direct marketing at any time and free of charge.
Individual Rights. We provide you with the rights described below when you use our Services. We may limit your individual rights requests (a) where denial of access is required or authorized by law; (b) when granting access would have a negative impact on other's privacy; (c) to protect our rights and properties; or (d) where the request is frivolous or burdensome.
If you would like to exercise your rights under applicable law, please contact us at email@example.com. We may seek to verify your identity when we receive an individual rights request from you to ensure the security of your personal information. If you have questions, you may reach our Data Protection Officer at email@example.com, or our member representative by clicking here or emailing email@example.com quoting <LoungeBuddy, Inc.> in the subject line.
- Right to withdraw consent. For any consent-based processing of your personal information, you have the right to withdraw your consent at any time. A withdrawal of consent will not affect the lawfulness of our processing or the processing of any third parties based on consent before your withdrawal.
- Right of access. Upon your request, we will provide you with a copy of your personal information in our files without undue delay and free of charge, unless we are permitted by law to charge a fee. Your access may be limited to the extent it would adversely affect the rights and freedoms of other individuals.
- Right to rectification (or "correction"). You may request to correct or update any of your personal information in our files. We may provide you with the ability to update some or all of your personal information directly via the Services.
- Right to erasure (or the "Right to be Forgotten"). Upon your request, we will erase any of your personal information in our files that: is no longer necessary in relation to the purposes for which it was collected or otherwise processed; was collected in relation to processing that you previously consented to, but later withdrew such consent; or was collected in relation to processing activities to which you object, and there are no overriding legitimate grounds for our processing.
- Right to restriction. You have the right to restrict our processing of your personal information where one of the following conditions applies:
- You contest the accuracy of your personal information that we processed. If you restrict processing based on this condition, you may experience an interruption of some or all of the Services during the period necessary for us to verify the accuracy of your personal information;
- The processing is unlawful and you oppose the erasure of your personal information and request the restriction of its use instead;
- We no longer need your personal information for the purposes of the processing, but it is required by you to establish, exercise or defense of legal claims; or
- You have objected to processing, pending the verification whether the legitimate grounds of our processing override your rights.
During the time which restriction of processing applies, we will only process your restricted personal information with your consent or for the establishment, exercise or defense of legal claims or for the protection of the rights of another natural or legal person or for reasons of important public interest. We will inform you if or when the restriction is lifted.
- Right to object to processing. You may object to our processing at any time and as permitted by applicable law if we process your personal information on the legal bases of: consent; contract; or legitimate interests. We may continue to process your personal information if it is necessary for the defense of legal claims, or for any other exceptions permitted by applicable law.
- Right to data portability. If we process your personal information based in a contract with you or based on your consent, or the processing is carried out by automated means, you may request to receive your personal information in a structured, commonly used and machine-readable format, and to have us transfer your personal information directly to another "controller," where technically feasible, unless exercise of this right adversely affects the rights and freedoms of others. Your right to data portability only applies to personal information provided by you to us.
- Notification to third parties. When we fulfill your individual rights requests for correction (or rectification), erasure or restriction of processing, we will notify third parties also handling the relevant personal information unless this proves impossible or involves disproportionate effort. Upon your request, we will identify such third parties.
Transfer of Your Personal Information. We transfer your personal information subject to appropriate safeguards as permitted under the Data Protection Laws. Specifically, when your personal information is transferred out of the Designated Countries, we have the required contractual provisions for transferring personal information in place with the third-parties to which your information is transferred. For such transfers, we rely on legal transfer mechanisms such as Standard Contractual Clauses or we work with U.S. based third parties that are certified under the EU-U.S. and Swiss-U.S. Privacy Shield Framework.
Right to Lodge Complaint. If you believe we have infringed or violated your privacy rights, please contact us so that we may resolve your dispute directly at email@example.com. You also have a right to lodge a complaint with a competent supervisory authority situated in a Member State of your habitual residence, place of work, or place of alleged infringement.
How to contact us about a deceased user
In the event of the death of a User, please send us an email to the following email address: email@example.com. We will usually conduct our communication via email; should we require any other information, we will contact you at the email address you have provided in your request.
How to contact us
If you have any questions about this Privacy Policy or the Service, please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com. This Privacy Policy was written in English (US). To the extent any translated version of this Privacy Policy conflicts with the English version, the English version controls.


text:
BT and TalkTalk may go to court to try and overturn the Digital Economy Act - passed just before Parliament was dissolved for the election.
Two of the largest ISPs in the UK want the High Court to confirm that the Act is legal and that disconnecting persistent file sharers does not infringe basic rights.
Apart from the legality of the proposals the two companies are also concerned about how it will be implemented.
As we exclusively revealed here Ofcom is considering leaving smaller ISPs and mobile ISPs out of the reach of the law. The argument is that such small companies would find tracking pirates more difficult or more of a financial strain.
But Andrew Heaney, executive director of TalkTalk, told the BBC: "It means we could have huge swathes of customers moving to smaller ISPs to avoid detection."
There are also concerns that the Act as it stands could conflict with European law, which protects ISPs from responsibility for the content they carry. Privacy rights might also be curtailed by the need for ISPs to effectively monitor what their customers are doing.
Heaney also complained that the music industry had done little to help itself and had taken no court action itself against pirates. He said: "It is outrageous that they are coming begging at our door but are not helping themselves." ®
Sponsored: Ransomware has gone nuclear


text:
Word of the Day, Web Site of the Day and Number to Know.
Word of the Day
Ribald rib-uhld (adj.) Crude, offensive (ribald language); characterized by or using coarse, indecent humor -- www.merriam-webster.com
Web Site of the Day
Looking to save some money on your food bills? Or you just want to be "greener"? Check out this site, which provides recipes using leftovers (you can tell it what you've got). It also offers many money-saving tips as well as tips on keeping your food fresher longer.
Number to Know
2,819: Total number of people killed in the 9/11 attacks.


text:
Madonna is marking the start of construction at her school for girls in Malawi.
The pop superstar cut a ribbon and planted a tree at a groundbreaking ceremony Monday.
The 51-year-old celebrity arrived in the impoverished southern African country on Sunday. She was accompanied by her four children — daughters Lourdes and Mercy, and sons Rocco and David.
Madonna adopted Mercy from Malawi earlier this year and adopted David from the country in 2008.
Madonna's Raising Malawi, a charity founded in 2006, helps feed, educate and provide medical care for some of Malawi's orphans.
Related Content from AccessHollywood.com:
VIEW THE PHOTOS: Madonna Though The Years
PLAY IT NOW: Madonna, Justin & More At 2009 Met Costume Institute Gala
MORE ACCESS ON THESE TOPICS: Pop - Madonna - Music - Charities


text:
|Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories
|Rockstar Leeds
|Rockstar Games
|Release dates
|PlayStation Portable
PlayStation 2
|Victor Vance
|Vice City
|Year Set
Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories was released as an exclusive game for the PlayStation Portable on October 17th 2006 in North America, November 3rd in Europe, and November 10th in Australia. Because of its success, it was later released on the PlayStation 2 console on March 6th, 2007 in North America and on March 9th in Europe. It is the second Grand Theft Auto game to appear on the handheld console. The game was developed by Rockstar Leeds, and was published and released by Rockstar Games.
The PS2 version has exclusive content that the PSP version doesn't have, such as additional unique stunt jumps and rampages.
Vice City Stories marks the series' return to Vice City, with the game taking place in 1984, roughly two years before the events of Grand Theft Auto: Vice City. The game focuses around Victor Vance, the brother of Lance Vance who betrays Tommy Vercetti in GTA Vice City. Victor briefly appears in GTA Vice City in the opening cutscene, in which he is killed during a drug deal gone wrong.
In GTA Vice City Stories, the Vance brothers find themselves falling on hard times. Victor is a 28 year old U.S Army soldier who has been kicked out of the service, while Lance is a drug-addicted wreck. They decide to take action and try to make a name for themselves. The game follows the siblings' attempts to take over Vice City.
Game Information
- 100% Completion
- Businesses
- Characters
- Cheats (PS2)
- Clothing
- Features
- Gangs
- Missions
- Radio Stations
- Vehicles
- Vice City in GTA Vice City Stories
- Wanted Level
- Weapons
External links
- Official Website
- GTAViceCityStories.com
- GTAVCS.net
- GTAVice.com
- First Trailer
- Second Trailer
- Third Trailer
[[Category:Games]] [[Category:GTA Vice City Stories]]