text:
MSC 70's Flower FTS4
Quick Overview
Bed Sheet : 72" X 80" + 12"
Pillow Cover : 18" X 27"
• Wash clothes in soft water for soft and silky feel, in case of hard water, we advise to use water softener as recommended. It is advised to use minimum detergent (12 - 18 grams of detergent for 6 Kg dry clothes). • We recommend washing fabrics at 30 degree Celsius. • For ease of care, after washing, do not expose the fabric to direct sunlight as solar spectrum can make the fabric lose its original color, thread texture & prints even of the best quality. We advice use of electronic dryer after washing of clothes, results in prolong retaining of their best properties. • We advise against tumble drying which can lead to thermal and mechanical damage to the fabric. • Do not apply any chemicals to remove stains. Dot not use bleach at all. • Resort to dry-cleaning in order to remove deep stains. • Iron at medium temperature just to smoothen wrinkles. • If properly taken care of a By Adab product will stay with you for a long time, providing up to date elegance and unmatched durability.
Shipping/ Delivery
Thank You for making 'By Adab' a part of your life! Your order is precious to us and we ensure that your goods reach you safely and well in time! • We try to use the best possible transport/ courier agency to deliver your order. • Your order is precious to us and we ensure that your goods will be delivered within 3-4 days (INDIA) and 12-15 days (International) from the date of placing the order. • All orders dispatched from 'By Adab' are fully insured at no extra cost. • We do not deliver to Post Box or Drop Box address. Customers are requested to provide complete addresses with their Postal Code for efficient delivery. • The VAT/ Custom Duty / Local Taxes/ Import duties are to be borne directly by the customer, to be paid at the time of delivery to our courier partner or as advised by our courier partner. 'By Adab' do not include these extra charges on our price (as displayed on the e-shop). These taxes are chargeable over and above the product or products order price you pay on the e-shop. • Our Shipping Partner in India/ International - FEDEX & ARAMEX
* Please choose color, category, size & quantity before adding to bag
* Earn 3 reward points on every purchase of Rs.100/-
72" x 78" + 6" (183cm x 198cm + 15cm)
72" x 78" + 8" (183cm x 198Ccm +20cm)
72" x 78" + 10" (183cm x 198cm +25cm)
72" x 78"+ 12" (183cm x 198cm +30cm))
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72" x 84" + 8" (183cm x 213cm +20cm)
72" x 84"+ 10" (183cm x 213cm +25cm)
72" x 84"+ 12" (183cm x 213cm +30cm)


text:
ALPHA PORTLAND CEMENT CO. v. COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS(1925)
[268 U.S. 203, 204] Messrs. Louis H. Porter and F. Carroll Taylor, both of New York City, and John G. Palfrey, of Boston, Mass., for plaintiff in error.
Messrs. Alexander Lincoln and Jay R. Benton, both of Boston, Mass., for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Mr. Justice McREYNOLDS delivered the opinion of the Court.
Plaintiff in error claims that the commonwealth illegally exacted of it $800.45 as an excise tax for the year 1921, and $567.57 plus $22.97 interest for 1922. The court below upheld the tax and definitely ruled that it was not repugnant to the Fourteenth Amendment or the commerce clause of the federal Constitution (article 1, 8, cl. 3). 244 Mass. 530, 139 N. E. 158; [268 U.S. 203, 207] 248 Mass. 156, 142 N. E. 762. With negligible exceptions the assessments followed the Corporation Tax Law (Gen. Acts 1919, c. 355), now codified in Gen. Laws, c. 63. Chapters 361 and 493, Gen. Acts 1921, are subsidiary and demand no particular notice. Record No. 327 discloses how the assessments were calculated; also the essential facts hereinafter stated. The opinion in No. 103 discusses the fundamental questions of law; the later one is supplementary and explanatory.
The statute (G. L. Mass. c. 63, 39) provides that 'every foreign corporation shall pay annually, with respect to the carrying on or doing of business by it within the commonwealth, an excise equal to the sum of ... five dollars per thousand upon the value of the corporate excess employed by it within the commonwealth' and 'two and one-half per cent. of that part of its net income ... which is derived from business carried on within the commonwealth:' Provided that the total tax shall be not less than an amount equal to one-twentieth of 1 per cent. of such proportion of the fair cash value of its capital stock as its assets employed within the state shall bear to the total assets. Annual returns, and additional information when demanded, must be filed with the commissioner. He is empowered to determine, under prescribed rules, the net portion of income from business within the state; but if dissatisfied any corporation may file 'a statement in such detail as the commissioner shall require, showing the amount of its annual net income derived from business carried on within the commonwealth.' Section 42. Credit for 5 per cent. of dividends paid to inhabitants of the state is authorized. Pertinent portions of the general statute (G. L. Mass. c. 63) are in the margin. 1 [268 U.S. 203, 208] We accept the following statements in the opinion below:
Having ascertained the necessary items, the comptroller made the calculations indicated below. The corporation's total net income returned for federal taxation, after allowances, amounted to $707,577.98; $7,602, 090.21 (although not quite accurate) was treated as the total value of intangible assets. [268 U.S. 203, 212] Amount of Tax Measured by Net Income.
Average value of tangible property in Massachusetts, $573. Divide this by average value all tangible property $16,992,355.22; multiply resulting fraction by $235,859.33 (one-third of $707,577.98, supra) equals $ 8.02 Wages, salaries, etc., assignable to Massachusetts, $11,493.38. Divide this by amount of all wages, salaries, etc., $1,650,614.73: multiply resulting fraction by $235,859.33 (one-third of $707,577.98, supra) equals 1,642.29 Gross receipts assignable to Massachusetts, $343,204.60. Divide this by gross receipts from all business, $10,717,546.43; multiply resulting fraction by $235,859.33 (one-third of$707,577.98, supra) equals 7,552.22 ___
Net income $9,202.53 2 1/2 per cent. of $9,202.53 $230.06 Less 5 per cent. of dividends paid Massachusetts inhabitants 42.15 ___ Total according to income $187.91 Amount of Tax Measured by Corporate Excess.
Amount of Tax Measured by Corporate Excess.
Income assigned to Massachusetts, as above shown $9,202.53. Divide this by $707,577.98 (entire apportionable net income); multiply resulting fraction by $7,602,090.21 (used for total intangible assets ). This yields $98,827.17, which was taken as the value of intangible assets assignable to Massachusetts. The tangible assets, $573, were added and $99,400 became the total accepted value of assets assignable to the state.
Cash value of the company's capital stock was fixed at $16,352,162; all assets, $21,406,098. Divide $99,400 by [268 U.S. 203, 213] $21,406,098; multiply resulting fraction by $16,352,162; the result is $75,932.08-the 'corporate excess.' Five dollars per thousand upon this is $379.66.
Total assessment for 1922 ($187.91 plus $379.66), $567.57.
In the course of its opinion the court below said:
Counsel for the commonwealth assert:
See Judson Freight Forwarding Co. v. Commonwealth, 242 Mass. 47, 136 N. E. 375, 27 A. L. R. 1131
This view of the nature of the exaction was adopted by the court below, and we think it is the correct one. The right to lay taxes on tangible property or on income is not involved; and the inquiry comes to this: May a state impose upon a foreign corporation which transacts only interstate business within her borders an excise tax measured by a combination of two factors-the proportion of the total value of capital shares attributed to [268 U.S. 203, 217] transactions therein, and the proportion of net income attributed to such transactions?
Cheney Bros. Co. v. Massachusetts, 246 U.S. 147, 153 , 154 S., 38 S. Ct. 295, necessitates a negative reply. Under St. 1909, c. 490, pt. 3, 56, the state demanded an excise of a foreign corporation which transacted therein only interstate business. The excise was laid upon the corporation and the basis of it the same as in the present cause. This court said:
Here also the excise was demanded on account of interstate business. A new method for measuring the tax had been prescribed, but that cannot save the exaction. Any such excise burdens interstate commerce and is therefore invalid without regard to measure or amount. Looney v. Crane Co., 245 U.S. 178, 190 , 38 S. Ct. 85; International Paper Co. v. Massachusetts, 246 U.S. 135, 142 , 38 S. Ct. 292, Ann. Cas. 1918C, 617; Heisler v. Thomas Colliery Co., 260 U.S. 245, 259 , 43 S. Ct. 83; Texas Transport & Terminal Co. v. New Orleans, 264 U.S. 150 , 44 S. Ct. 242, 34 A. L. R. 907.
International Paper Co. v. Massachusetts considered an excise upon a corporation doing both local and interstate business, measured by its capital stock. St. 1909, c. 490; St. 1914, c. 724. Pertinent cases were cited and discussed and the tax declared 'unconstitutional and void as placing a prohibited burden on interstate commerce and laid on property of a foreign corporation located and used beyond the jurisdiction of the state.' Payment as a condition precedent to the doing of any business was not a controlling circumstance. The opinion recognizes the state's right to demand excises of foreign corporations in respect of intrastate business unless the exaction is really as tax on interstate business or property beyond the state. Under this principle certain of the complaining corporations in Cheney Bros. Co. v. Massachusetts, supra, were properly taxed. Plaintiff in [268 U.S. 203, 218] error did no local business, and there was no proper foundation for the excise.
It must now be regarded as settled that a state may not burden interstate commerce or tax property beyond her borders under the guise of regulating or taxing intrastate business. So to burden interstate commerce is prohibited by the commerce clause, and the Fourteenth Amendment does not permit taxation of property beyond the state's jurisdiction. The amount demanded is unimportant when there is no legitimate basis for the tax. So far as the language of Baltic Mining Co. v. Massachusetts, 231 U.S. 68, 87 , 34 S. Ct. 15, tends to support a different view it conflicts with conclusions reached in later opinions and is now definitely disapproved.
Union Tank Line Co. v. Wright, 249 U.S. 275 , 282, et seq., 39 S. Ct. 276, pointed out the limitations which must be observed when property used in interstate commerce is valued for purposes of taxation by a state. We there declined to follow the rule applied in Pullman's Palace Car Co. v. Pennsylvania, 141 U.S. 18, 26 , 11 S. Ct. 876, and held that determination of real value with fair accuracy is essential. Many methods adapted to that end have been accepted, but this does not tend to support an excise laid upon a foreign corporation on account of interstate transactions.
The local business of a foreign corporation may support an excise measured in any reasonable way, if neither interstate commerce nor property beyond the state is taxed. Underwood Typewriter Co. v. Chamberlain, 254 U.S. 113 , 41 S. Ct. 45, approved such an excise measured by income reasonably attributed to intrastate business; but nothing there said was intended to modify well-established principles. It must be read with the essential facts in mind. Local business was a sufficient basis for the excise, and there was no taxation of interstate commerce or property beyond the state. Of course, the opinion does not support the suggestion that the present statute is free from [268 U.S. 203, 219] the fatal objections, to the former one because payment of the tax is no longer a condition precedent to carrying on any business. It cites approvingly St. Louis S. W. Ry. v. Arkansas, 235 U.S. 350, 364 , 35 S. Ct. 99, 59, L. Ed. 265, and there this court said:
The excise challenged by plaintiff in error is not materially different from the one declared unconstitutional in Cheney Bros. Co. v. Massachusetts, and cannot be enforced against a foreign corporation which does nothing but interstate business within the state. The introduction of an extremely complicated method for calculating the amount of the exaction does not change its nature or mitigate the burden. [268 U.S. 203, 220] The decrees of the court below must be reversed and the causes remanded for further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.
Mr. Justice BRANDEIS dissents.
[ Footnote 1 ] 'Section 39. Every foreign corporation shall pay annually, with respect to the carrying on or doing of business by it within the commonwealth, an excise equal to the sum of the following, pro-
vided that every such corporation shall pay annually a total excise not less in amount than one-twentieth of one per cent. of such proportion of the fair cash value of all the shares constituting its capital stock as the assets, both real and personal, employed in any business within the commonwealth on April first following the close of the taxable year, bear to the total assets of the corporation employed in business on said date:
tion derived from business carried on within the commonwealth. ... The net income as defined in section thirty [less certain credits not here involved] shall be allocated as follows: If a foreign business corporation carries on no business outside this commonwealth, the whole of said remainder shall be allocated to this commonwealth. If a foreign business corporation carries on any business outside this commonwealth, the net income taxable under this chapter shall be determined as provided in section thirty-eight.'
by multiplying said third by a fraction whose numerator is the amount of the corporation's gross receipts from business assignable to this commonwealth as hereinafter provided, and whose denominator is the amount of the corporation's gross receipts from all its business.
commonwealth and sales otherwise determined by the commissioner to be attributable to the business conducted on such premises, (b) rentals or royalties from property situated, or from the use of patents, within the commonwealth: Provided, that upon application by a corporation which owns or controls substantially all the capital stock of another corporation, or by the corporation so owned or controlled, the commissioner may impose the tax provided for by this chapter upon the income of the two corporations jointly in the same manner as though they were a single corporation, or may, in such other manner as he shall determine, equitably adjust the tax of the applying corporation. ...

subset: commoncrawl


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Notice: On April 23, 2014, Statalist moved from an email list to a forum, based at statalist.org.
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st: RE: RE: How to label days of week and hours of day on x axis
Guang Dai <email@example.com>
"email@example.com" <email@example.com>
st: RE: RE: How to label days of week and hours of day on x axis
Wed, 2 Nov 2011 14:46:57 -0600
hi Nick,
thanks for the clarification on week.
For most of the cases, speeling all the labels and ticks desired is a what I do. However, my need to draw the same graph for many weeks in many years, spelling all the labels
is a daunting job..
Guang Dai | Economist, Market Surveillance Administrator | 403.705.3183 | #500, 400 - 5th Avenue S.W., Calgary AB T2P 0L6 | www.albertamsa.ca
-----Original Message-----
From: firstname.lastname@example.com [mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com] On Behalf Of Nick Cox
Sent: Wednesday, November 02, 2011 2:38 PM
To: 'email@example.com'
Subject: st: RE: How to label days of week and hours of day on x axis
On your first question: I think you are misunderstanding what -week()- does. There is a discussion in
SJ-10-4 dm0052 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stata tip 68: Week assumptions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. J. Cox
Q4/10 SJ 10(4):682--685 (no commands)
tip on Stata's solution for weeks and on how to set up
your own alternatives given different definitions of the
In essence, week 1 in any year starts on 1 January, and so forth. So the weeks start on whatever day of the week 1 January is. -week()- is thus quite independent of -dow()-'s idea of when the week starts.
What the Tip discusses is summarised above.
On your other questions, the trick is simply that you must spell out all the labels and ticks that you want if the default does not provide them, so the answers lie in the help for -axis label options-.
G. Dai
I have some difficulties to draw a graph with hour of days within a week as a time series x axis.
To be more specific, please take the following example ***************************Example Begins************************ *****generate the date set as an example***** clear set obs 744 gen year=2011 gen month=7 gen date=_n replace date=mod(date,31)+1 gen hour=_n replace hour=mod(hour,24) gen price=100*runiform() gen quant=5+2*abs(rnormal(1,5))
*from year, month and date to generate week and day of week.
gen week=week(mdy(month, date, year))
gen dow=dow(mdy(month, date, year))
gen myday=dhms(mdy(month, date, year), hour,0,0) format myday %tc
***draw a graph showing price and quant on each day and each hour of the given week tsset myday,c twoway (tsline price if year==2011&week==27, yaxis(1) )(tsline quant if year==2011&week==27,yaxis(2)) /// , tlabel(,format(%tcDay) grid ) xmlabel(,format(%tcHH)) ttitle("July,2011")ttitle("Day of the Week") /// ytitle("Market Price") ytitle("Quantity Bought",axis(2))
*********************Example Ends***************
The first problem with the graph is that the week in the graph starts with Saturday, not the one we expected as Sunday, which is the first day of a week. I know this is related to the way Stata defines week. But how can I make it consistent with the "tradition" way?
Second, on the graph, only Sat, Mon, Wed and Sat are labeled, but I definitely want to see all days of the week from Sat to Mon. How?
Third, even though xmlabel(,format(%tcHH)) is used in the the command, we don't see the minor labels showing the hours within each day. How to make it work? Of course, I'm looking for labeling all hours, but hours like 0,6,12, 18 would be great.
* For searches and help try:
* http://www.stata.com/help.cgi?search
* http://www.stata.com/support/statalist/faq
* http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/stata/
* For searches and help try:
* http://www.stata.com/help.cgi?search
* http://www.stata.com/support/statalist/faq
* http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/stata/


text:
9.05 Them Toadsuckers
Titusville, FL: Thanks for a GREAT weekend. These are small jpgs. Please feel free to right click and save. If you would like a print or a larger .jpg file, let me know. I will send you the larger file via email. Just email me at firstname.lastname@example.com More


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Tour $60 million 'Diamonds are Forever' yacht
Miami Beach hosts 25th annual Yacht & Brokerage Show
MIAMI BEACH, Fla. – The 25th annual Yacht & Brokerage Show begins Thursday on Miami Beach.
The water display features more than 500 new and pre-owned yachts, valued collectively at more than one billion dollars.
The event is free and open to the public. It will take place along the Indian Creek Waterway at Collins Avenue (between 41st Street and 51st Street).
This year, a $60 million yacht named "Diamonds are Forever" is already stealing the spotlight. The 200 foot super yacht features six bedrooms, four wave runners, and its own elevator. The vessel also comes with 14-person crew.
"The yacht has been across the Atlantic three times. We've been in Europe, pretty much all over," said Captain Francisco Chadinha.
The show runs through February 18th. For more information, head to the event's website.
Go inside a $60 million yacht
Copyright 2013 by Local10.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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If you cannot find what you desire in our "In Stock" selection, we would be very happy to simply design it for you! Depending on your exact specifications, most items from this category only take about 4 to 6 weeks for us to make! Having it your way is what "custom" is all about and our skilled craftsmen are second to none!
We had so many requests for a 34" scale Deluxe 5 body patterned after our Flagship Gecko bass line that we designed the G5. This body will
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the truss rod access rout for necks that have their truss rod adjustment at the heel, so if you want it you must request that it be routed when you place your order.
This large rear rout cavity provides plenty of room for controls, electronics and batteries. Choose only the holes you want. We can omit the ones you don't want. All rear routed bodies are supplied with a recessed cover plate and mounting screws.
For the Ultimate in personal preference, our special Unique Choice option lets you pick the actual laminate top we will use for your body from below. Simply add its price to the table price above.
Include the laminate top number with your order.
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Copyright © 2020 Warmoth Guitar Products. All rights reserved.


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Cupcakes and Cashmere posted this fun, fresh mermaid nails DIY using a sweet shade by Essie and Martha Stewart glitter. This is pretty adorable and might have to make an appearance on my nails this weekend.
I am loving the new beauty DIY trend I am seeing all over design blogs right now. Makes looking cute way easier for a lazy girl like myself. How have you DIYed your look recently? Let me know in a comment below.
DIY Mermaid Nails


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Introduction to Research Integrity at Cambridge New
A thorough awareness of issues relating to research ethics and research integrity are essential to producing excellent research. This session will provide an introduction to the ethical responsibilities of researchers at the University and explore issues of good research practice, research integrity and research misconduct. It will be interactive, using case studies to better understand key ethical issues and challenges in all areas.
The course will:
- explore the issue of research misconduct in academia and facilitate discussion of why and how it occurs
- explain the University and national expectations around research integrity and examine how this effects researchers
- discuss some of the challenges to the integrity of research and ask what individuals, groups and institutions can do to tackle them
- introduce the University's research ethics system
The course will be delivered by the Research Governance Team in the Research Strategy Office.
Research staff and PhD students
Number of sessions: 1
|Mon 3 Dec 2018 10:00 - 12:00
|10:00 - 12:00
|17 Mill Lane, Seminar Room E
|Dr Rhys Morgan, Dr Sinead Healy
- To introduce researchers to University, national and international policies and standards of research integrity and research ethics
- To explain how the University supports research integrity and ethics and how researchers can seek advice on such issues.
- To encourage discussion and debate around major research integrity issues
Presentations, demonstrations and practicals
One two hour session
Booking / availability


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Update: 3:15 p.m.: The Daily Chronicle received this statement from attorney William G. Sullivan on behalf of Northern Illinois Executive Vice President Eddie Williams:
"Dr. Eddie Williams has served Northern Illinois University for over 40 years in positions of increasing responsibility. He is currently Executive Vice President for Administration and has served in that position for more than 12 years. Dr. Williams was an associate professor of mathematics before entering the administration and earned his Ph.D. from Columbia University.
"Separate from his university duties, Dr. Williams has developed affordable housing resources in the DeKalb community. Eden's Gardens, a privately funded, two-phase project, is not affiliated in any way with Northern Illinois University, and it does not provide student housing. Its sole purpose is to meet the housing needs of those in the community with limited financial resources. Prospective Eden's Gardens resident screening has been conducted for more than five years by Screening Reports Inc., a national provider of background screening service to the multi-family housing industry.
"Dr. Williams is cooperating fully with the authorities and Eden's Gardens has provided all materials requested, but Dr. Williams has no idea why he or the project is the subject of any government interest."
We'll have more on this story as it develops.
Originial story begins here: DeKALB – The FBI and other authorities removed Northern Illinois University police department files dating back to January 2005 while searching the campus station Wednesday, Northern Illinois University President John Peters said Friday morning.
Peters discussed Wednesday's FBI search of the the campus police station in an email to students and faculty Friday morning. The email can be found here: http://www.niutoday.info/2013/03/08/president-delivers-email-message-to-niu-community/
"The search warrant issued to the university was primarily focused around police department records and information," Peters wrote in the email. "It is troubling to be on the receiving end of a search warrant and investigation by any law enforcement agency, as it is impossible at this early stage to determine what specific actions may have occurred that necessitate such a response."
FBI agents and state police, joined by officials from the U.S. Education Department's Office of the Inspector General and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's Office of Inspector General, arrived about 8 a.m. Wednesday and worked throughout the day. The inspectors general at federal agencies typically investigate fraud or waste of agency funds or in agency programs.
The searches follow several controversies to hit campus over the past year, some of which have involved the police department.
Two NIU administrators, Robert Albanese and John Gordon, reportedly were under investigation for appropriating university property for their personal use when they quit in July. An employee filed a grievance complaining of being assigned to clean Gordon's home while working for the university.
Albanese was the former associate vice president of the Division of Finance, Facilities and Operations, and Gordon is the former director of the Convocation
University police also led the investigation into the "coffee fund," an off-the-books repository for proceeds from the sale of NIU-owned scrap metal – some of it from building projects – and other materials that NIU officials have said was used for retirement parties and other office expenses. Eight current NIU employees were indicted in connection to that investigation in December; six have returned to work and two remain on paid leave.
In February, longtime Police Chief Donald Grady was fired for the department's mishandling of a rape case against one of his own officers.
Former NIU police officer Andrew Rifkin, 25, of Northbrook, is accused of raping a student off-campus while he was off duty in October 2011. Lt. Kartik Ramakrishnan – who testified in court that he mistakenly placed two witness statements in Rifkin's personnel file, rather than giving them to prosecutors – remains on paid leave.
Sexual assault charges against Rifkin were dropped by former State's Attorney Clay Campbell, but were reinstated in February by new State's Attorney Richard Schmack.
FBI Chicago media coordinator Joan Hyde declined to comment Wednesday on the search or the underlying investigation. Hyde said the FBI typically does not announce searches, but decided to issue a news release about this one around 8:15 a.m. Wednesday to avoid passers-by noticing the police presence and worrying about a large emergency.


text:
placeholders and currying
Wherein Javascript borrows a language feature from Arc
Today, I was going to write about Google Maps until I stumbled onto this little gem. My post still involves Google Maps code, but my focus is on Javascript and how virtually anything you can think of that might make the language more of a joy to program in, you can implement yourself.
Our post begins with a plain Google Maps application, virtually copied right from Google's API docs example. I made a few changes though, highlighted below. I hate mixing event handlers in HTML tags and I have, as of yet, still not installed a decent mixed mode for editing Javascript inside of an HTML source file. So I pulled the embedded script into it's own file and added listeners for load and unload events on the window.
  <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <title>Google Maps JavaScript API Example</title>

function initialize() { if (GBrowserIsCompatible()) { var map = new GMap2(document.getElementById("map_canvas")); map.setCenter(new GLatLng(37.4419, -122.1419), 13); map.setUIToDefault(); } } function destroy() { GUnload(); } window.addEventListener("load", initialize, false); window.addEventListener("unload", destroy, false);
The default map is centered on Google's headquarters in Palo Alto. Of course, Palo Alto isn't very pleasing to look at for anyone who isn't a smug self-centered Palo Altoan, but I suspect that most people don't change this, at least initially, because it's daunting to try and figure out what your hometown's latitude and longitude is. Google Maps itself, though actually provides a decent way to turn a string location into a
GLatLng, using a
GeoCoderThingy. The
getLatLng() method takes a callback. I live in St. Louis and my original post had to do with our lovely Forest Park, so the code below demonstrates how to center your map on America's largest urban park.
function initialize() { var geolocator = new GClientGeocoder(); geolocator.getLatLng("Forest Park, St. Louis, MO", displayMapAt); } function displayMapAt(center) { if (GBrowserIsCompatible()) { var map = new GMap2(document.getElementById("map_canvas")); map.setCenter(center, 13); map.setUIToDefault(); } }
Notice the extract parameter and method rename refactoring here. It's good and our code is clean, but Forest Park doesn't appear prominent enough on the map for my liking. It should be bigger, more zoomed in. Pretty easy, just extract parameter around the hardcoded zoom level, and adjust the callback a bit since now
displayMapAt will take two parameters.
geolocator.getLatLng("Forest Park, St. Louis, MO", function(center) { displayMapAt(center, 14); }); function displayMapAt(center, zoom) {
This is ugly. Anonymous functions are powerful, but hell if I hate reading them, all curly and indented funny and pretending to be simple variables when there's a bunch of characters there that don't ever belong in any variable name ever.
We can use my fn.js (see Lambda Lounge, February 2009) and
curry() to rewrite the callback like so:
geolocator.getLatLng("Forest Park, St. Louis, MO", displayMapAt(14)); ... var displayMapAt = function(zoom, center) {
Much better, but we had to rearrange
displayMapAt's parameters to get it to work and they were in a good order before, all matching the order they're in when they're used and such and not to mention what would happen if
displayMapAt wasn't your code and you couldn't just mix it all up willy nilly. Haskell, which I borrowed most (all) of the ideas for fn.js from has the notion of "reversing" a function; basically creating a new function that takes the original functions arguments in reverse order. That would work here, but Javascript and Haskell's syntactic beauty lean in different directions, so I looked to a different place for inspiration to solve this tiny, tiny problem: Arc.
Paul Graham's hundred year language, Arc, has this placeholder syntax for anonymous functions that is ever so useful.
arc> (map [+ _ 10] '(1 2 3))
(11 12 13)
arc> (trues [if (odd _) (+ _ 10)]
'(1 2 3 4 5))
(11 13 15)
So I broke into fn.js and added an identity check for the underscore variable. Once your function has all of it's parameters, if one of them is the underscore variable (not equal to, is the reference itself) then we once again return an intermediate curried-sorta function that will on final invocation replace it's placeholder value with a newly passed one. Right now the code only supports a single placeholder parameter, but there's no reason you couldn't alter the check and replace code to handle multiple placeholders.
Updated: see this Hacker News thread and Tom Robinson's comments below for the whole story, but suffice to say === doesn't work the way I thought it did, and
_ needs a value and a simple
== comparison. Also, these placeholder changes have been pushed to fn.js on github.
var _ = {}; function curry(f) { ... var placeholder; for(var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) { if(args[i] == _) { placeholder = i; return function(replaceWith) { var allargs = args.slice(); allargs[placeholder] = replaceWith; return f.apply(null, allargs); }; } } ... }
In the end, our
displayMapAt function keeps it's original parameter ordering, our callback isn't an ugly inline anonymous function and the underscore very succintly points out where a variable is missing and that a future call will replace it with a real value.
geolocator.getLatLng("Forest Park, St. Louis, MO", displayMapAt(_, 14)); var displayMapAt = function(center, zoom) {
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Tom Robinson said, on 11.05.09 at 12:21 pm
You should probably assign an object to the underscore, otherwise any argument which is undefined will match:
js> var _
js> _ == undefined
Just doing "var _ = {}" should be sufficient.
benjaminplee said, on 11.05.09 at 12:36 pm
I too was wondering about that.
I am still trying to wrap my head around curring and a few other Functional Programming concepts. Functions as first class citizens which can be passed and invoked in different contexts is easy to understand and follow. Transforming functions and returning new ones is a bit harder to follow given my OO background. Good post though.
Also, presumably, a language that supported named method parameters would allow you to not worry about order and know what params have not yet been defined.
youngnh said, on 11.05.09 at 12:52 pm
so this isn't a value thing.
functions could expect an empty object to be passed to them and if I just looked for an empty object, I might mistake a real value for a placeholder.
I want to know if the function has been given the _ variable itself. I'm interested in it's reference.
if you'll notice, I made a === check instead of a == equals check, as the former is stricter, only returning true when you compare an object to itself, and the latter returning true when two objects have the same value.


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Academic Leadership
POSTED ON: July 12, 2012
Dean Anthony Vidler will be taking a nine month sabbatical which will begin on August 1, 2012 and continue until April 30, 2013. During his sabbatical leave, Dean Vidler will continue to serve as dean. Associate Dean Elizabeth O'Donnell will oversee the day-to-day operations within the Irwin S. School of Architecture during this critical period. Dean Vidler's sabbatical will be a period of renewal and academic focus which will provide the dean with the opportunity to complete his book entitled Contemporary Architecture. A History 1965-2005. During his sabbatical Dean Vidler will also serve as a member of the prestigious Institute for Advanced Study.
Simon Ben-Avi has been named Founding Dean of Engineering at Hofstra University and will begin on August 1. Dean Ben-Avi had served as Acting Dean for the Albert Nerken School of Engineering for the past three years. With 30 years of service as a faculty member and administrator at The Cooper Union, "Dean Ben-Avi has served with distinction," President Bharucha wrote in a memo to the community last month. For the move from 51 Astor Place to 41 Cooper Square in 2009, Ben-Avi worked to establish academic and administrative programming needs and reconfigure laboratories and classrooms. Dean Ben-Avi helped to initiate many programs on behalf of The Cooper Union, including relationships with research laboratories such as AT&T Bell Labs, St. Vincent's Hospital and Lenox Hill Hospital (where he serves as a consultant on biomedical engineering applications). President Bharucha plans to name a new acting dean in the next several weeks.


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US stocks end mostly higher after a late stumble
NEW YORK – Stocks are ending mostly higher after the market had a brief stumble in the afternoon.
The Standard & Poor's 500 index edged further into record territory, but weakness in technology stocks held back the Nasdaq composite.
The S&P 500 rose five points, or 0.3 percent, to 1,859 Friday.
The Dow Jones industrial average rose 49 points, or 0.3 percent, at 16,321. The Dow had been up as much as 126 points earlier in the day.
The Nasdaq composite ended down 10 points, or 0.3 percent, at 4,308.
The S&P 500 index rose 5 percent in February, recovering the ground it lost in January. It's up 0.6 percent for the year.
Monster Beverage jumped 4 percent after reporting higher sales of energy drinks.
Copyright 2014 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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A Gen WHY Response to Geek Nation
The first time, a friend handed me Geek Nation: How Indian Science is taking over the World, he said, "It's a bizarre book!" And one has to admit that reading this book is a journey which you take with the author, Angela Saini, with mixed feelings. At times your emotions resonate with those of the author and at others, it's an uneasy feeling that something fundamental to Indian Science is missing. Something essential that's lost in the myriad of places that she visits and people that she interviews. But, before one begins to explore it, one has to clarify that Gen W.H.Y. is borrowed from the book itself. It is what Thomas Simon, Vice President – HR, TCS calls the new generation of young Indians that question. I belong to this generation and hence, I presume that I have a right to question. Read the rest of this entry »


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WASHINGTON (AP) - Lawmakers signaled a difficult battle ahead for the Obama administration's plan to dramatically overhaul the nation's military, voicing opposition Tuesday to proposed cuts in benefit packages, long-standing weapons programs and bases that mean money and jobs across America.
WASHINGTON (AP) � Lawmakers signaled a difficult battle ahead for the Obama administration's plan to dramatically overhaul the nation's military, voicing opposition Tuesday to proposed cuts in benefit packages, long-standing weapons programs and bases that mean money and jobs across America.
The skepticism from both Republicans and Democrats augured poorly for Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel's vision of shrinking the Army to its smallest size in three-quarters of a century and creating a nimbler force more suited to future threats than the large land wars in Iraq and Afghanistan over the last decade. Tuesday's advance of a new veterans bill also suggested Congress may be more interested in increasing military spending in a midterm election year.
The cuts "will weaken our nation's security while the threats we face around the world are becoming more dangerous and complex," Sens. John McCain and Lindsey Graham, two leading GOP hawks, said in a joint statement. "Now is not the time to embrace a defense posture reminiscent of the years prior to World War II," they said, without outlining substitute cost reductions.
Although Congress has agreed on keeping next year's military budget just under $500 billion, major tradeoffs must still be made to get under the cap.
Tensions exist in both parties. GOP hawks are lining up against tea party supporters keen to rein in spending, while Democrats backing the Obama administration must deal with colleagues from military-heavy districts and states fretful about the potential fallout. Automatic spending cuts that landed heavily on the military were only eased somewhat by a budget agreement two months ago.
The evidence since then suggests appetite is waning for difficult decisions on defense reductions, especially as the nation gears up for congressional elections in November.
Two weeks ago, the House and Senate overwhelmingly eliminated a cut in veterans' benefits of less than 1 percent that lawmakers themselves enacted only in December. On Tuesday, a Democratic bill expanding health, education and other benefits for veterans at a cost of $21 billion over the next decade unanimously cleared an initial hurdle, with the Senate voting 99-0 in favor of starting debate.
"There's a lot of need in the veterans community," said Sen. Bernie Sanders, I-Vt., who sponsored the legislation.
Still, the measure faces an uncertain future. Some Republicans consider it a campaign season ploy by Democrats to force them to oppose helping veterans. The House has approved some of the benefit improvements in Sanders' bill, but Republicans controlling that chamber oppose other parts and want other ways of financing the costs.
"We don't have enough money right now, in my view, to defend the nation," Graham told reporters. The South Carolina senator added: "I want to help veterans, but we got to have a sense of priority here."
More is at stake when it comes to the plan Hagel unveiled Monday, which would shrink the active-duty Army from 522,000 soldiers to between 440,000 and 450,000 � making it the smallest since just before the U.S. entered World War II. The time frame for the reduction wasn't specified.
Hagel said it was necessary to reshape forces to confront a "more volatile, more unpredictable world." The nation can afford the smaller military so long as it retains a technological edge and the agility to respond on short notice to crises anywhere on the globe, he said.
President Barack Obama will submit the budget to Congress next week.
A hearing Tuesday of the Senate Armed Services Committee provided a glimpse at some of the debates that await the plan.
Sen. Carl Levin, D-Mich., the chairman, asked Obama's nominee for the No. 2 post at the Pentagon to justify the smaller pay rises and reductions in housing allowances, health benefits and other subsidies for service members and retirees.
"We want to compensate our men and women for everything that they do for their nation, but we need to slow down the growth of personnel compensation so that we can spend more money on readiness and modernization," said Robert Work, a former top Navy official nominated to be deputy secretary of state.
"We have to make some savings," added Michael McCord, nominee for undersecretary of defense. He said civilian and military compensation comprises half of the Pentagon's budget.
Sen. Richard Blumenthal, D-Conn., doubted the economic arguments behind closing bases in the United States and urged cuts overseas instead. Work suggested the military was studying reducing capacities in Europe, too.
Democratic Sen. Tim Kaine sought assurances the Navy would maintain a fleet of 11 aircraft carriers � a vital issue in his state of Virginia, where carriers are often based and repaired.
Polls show the American public split on the overall issue of defense spending. Republican voters are more likely to say it should be higher while Democratic voters are more likely to say it should be lower. But maintaining bases and manufacturing operations becomes much more sensitive when it affects jobs close to home.
More battles between the administration and Congress are lurking. Speaking to reporters, Levin said the Pentagon's proposal to scrap the Air Force's A-10 "Warthog" tank-killer aircraft would be a particularly tough sell. Sen. Kelly Ayotte, R-N.H., said scrapping the plane was a "serious mistake" and vowed to fight it.
Governors, too, have entered the fray over plans to transfer equipment from Army National Guard units. Some in Congress oppose almost any cuts at all.
"We have been cutting and cutting for the last five years," said Sen. Jim Inhofe, R-Okla., the Senate Armed Services Committee's top Republican.
Associated Press writer Alan Fram contributed to this report.


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Monetas is looking for an experienced computer security professional to
- help secure our IT infrastructure
- review and secure the tools and processes we use
- provide security guidance and education to our product development team
This is a criticaly important position and hence can not be filled remotely. We are based in Zug, Switzerland and applicants need to be willing to operate from there.
Monetas is one of the hottest startup companies in the decentralised/crypto finance space. For more information about us please see a
- short video on our vision
- slightly longer video on our technology platform
To apply please send your CV to the following email: careers AT monetas DOT net. Thank you!


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Lord of the Minions
Starting off with control over a horde of the "browns," the most basic melee minion, you teleport from your tower to an idyllic medieval setting. Slaughtering a group of sheep gives you a few bits of life energy to use, which lets you summon some more browns. Eventually, the minion selection expands to four different types. These are the reds, browns, greens and blues, each with unique abilities (the reds are ranged fighters who throw fireballs and absorb fire as well, for example). Sheep will suffice to summon browns, as will the life force of humans or hobbits, but to summon reds, blues, or greens, you'll need to gather the appropriate type of life force. Reds, for example, can be summoned by slaughtering fiery insects. By the end of the game, you can have up to 50 minions active at a time, so picking the right minion types for a task is going to be a key skill.
Setting your minions on foes or tasks is just intrinsically funny. The developers have done a great job of giving them a set of stupidly funny animations and sounds and then outdone themselves executing them. When a brown finds a new weapon or piece of armor on the ground, since you're not one to wear such detritus, the minion will proclaim "For me!" and put the item on cheerfully. Sure, it raises its combat effectiveness, but mostly it's hilarious to watch and hear. And the quests, such as defending a farmer (who's been hung out as a scarecrow) from the vengeance of his pumpkins, or freeing the human villagers who the hobbits have taken and forced to work at making hobbit food, are all sharply scripted and voiced.
The only problem so far is that the humor relies on twisting reliable fantasy quests and ideas, but it tries to go so far that the parody stumbles. The idea that hobbits are so gluttonous that they'd capture people to work in the fields is sort of funny. But when you have to fight off the ferocious trolls that the (adorable, perfectly animated) hobbits have caged to guard their pens full of human slaves, it stretches what's believable for a community of "hobbits" to do. And although you always have the option to slaughter every living human in the main starting village, Spree, it's a much wiser choice to let them live so you can gather the rewards of completing quests for them. In short, even though you're the "evil Overlord" leading your monstrous minions, what you're really playing is a generic "dark fantasy hero." This isn't a killing fault, but it takes away from the whole concept of the game a bit. If the Halflings are the evil ones, we'd vastly prefer to be helping them enslave humans for food, but that's not an option.


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Chris Bohjalian's twelfth novel, "Skeletons at the Feast," was chosen for the evening book discussion group at Morenci's Stair Public Library.
Bohjalian's historical fiction details the plight of German refugees fleeing westward ahead of the advancing Russian army. His story was inspired by the unpublished diary of a Prussian woman who tells of the difficult journey with her younger children, while her aristocrat husband and older sons are sent into battle.
A Jewish escapee from an Auschwitz-bound train joins the group and becomes their protector.
At the same time, Bohjalian follows the gruesome death march of Nazi women headed west from a concentration camp.
Bohjalian is said to skillfully examine the moral ambiguities of war as right and wrong shift with the changing situations. For many readers, the book provides a look at World War II with which they might not be familiar.
Extra copies of the book are available at the circulation desk. The discussion is scheduled at 7 p.m. Feb. 16.


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There exists a mountainous land in a galaxy far, far away (called MKWorld) where a number (n) of strange magical animals roam. All these animals have a location device attached to them, which periodically outputs their coordinates (x,y) and height above sea LEVEL (note that some animals may live in the deep sea). You are a biologist studying these animals. However, unfortunately you can never see these animals ( far, far away). The only information you have for your scientific inquiry is the text files produced by the location devices. Each file contains a (potentially very long) record (or time series) of the roaming of a particular animal. This is a list of numbers with the format:
<counter> <x> <y> <height>
Here, <counter> keeps track of the number of readings recorded
it will be sequential, but may count in increments greater than 1. The coordinate values <x> and <y> can be thought of as the latitude and the longitude, but may have odd ranges - this is not Earth!
Also, note that counter must be a long value and <x> , <y> and
<h> are floating point values.
The magical strength (M) of each animal is determined by the temperature (which is constant throughout the land), their current x,y position and height h, according to the following expression:
M[x][y] = -T*ln(P(x,y)) h
Here, P is the probability of animals being at a particular point. Probability is calculated in a straightforward manner as the number of times that an animal is at a particular x,y value divided by the total number of records. To make things easier, you will divide the2D space into blocks and calculate a 2D histogram of the x,y frequency for each animal in each block and then calculate the probabilities of each block from that. The accuracy of this approach is determined by the block size, which is determined by the number of divisions, or bins, in each dimension. You decide that this will best be done with an input parameter, to allow you to fiddle with different grid resolutions. You also dont know the range of values for either <x> or <y>, but will need to obtain them from scanning the file.
Finally, for the formula you will also need to calculate the average height for each grid point.
The application should output the magical strength matrix for each animal individually, as well as a magical strength matrix for all the animals together. It should be as concurrent as possible you want research results quickly!


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S. Fla. companies to help make over park
Local 10 spearheads Gratigny Plateau Park effort
MIAMI – The effort to rebuild a neglected northwest Miami-Dade County park is getting into gear.
Local 10 first announced its Making a Difference effort to revitalize Gratigny Plateau Park last week. Many neighbors said they did not realize the empty field was actually meant to be a county park.
"It's not a playground. It's just an empty field," said a child who lives nearby.
The goal is to get the community involved in building a useful, beautiful park at the site, and there has been a big reaction.
The first meeting was held Thursday to decide the next step. Movers and shakers from the community gathered, including Tom Miller, CEO of Miller Construction, which builds multimillion-dollar projects in South Florida, including Local 10's new station in Pembroke Park.
"We just want to help get it coordinated and built right so it will last," Miller said.
Also in attendance was Kona Gray, of EDSA, whose Fort Lauderdale company designs million-dollar projects all over the world. It employs master planners and landscape architects and is currently working on projects in China. Gray said he is committed to the Gratigny Plateau Park project, too.
"For us, being able to listen to people, being able to bring their ideas through our minds and out through our fingertips onto a drawing is really amazing," Gray said.
"There are parks in our system that are undeveloped because there's simply not funding, and any time an outside entity like Channel 10 and all the partners can come along and do something great in a community like that, they're going to love it," said Jack Kardys, of Miami-Dade Parks and Recreation.
The next step is a community meeting, where residents will weigh in on the best use for the land. The meeting will be held at the park, located at Northwest Eighth Avenue and 117th Street, at 6 p.m. May 10.
Anyone who would like to help with the project can email firstname.lastname@example.com.
Copyright 2012 by Post Newsweek. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Faith Formation Award Programs - Open to all youth!
Click on the picture or name of the award to view more information about the award.
Please visit the store to purchase materials relating to these Faith Building Programs.
Building Assets In Youth Through Faith Formation Programs
When children participate in a religious award program, they know that when they complete all the requirements they will receive an award. What they may not know is that they will also have received a great number of "assets".
Developmental assets, as defined by Search Institute of Minneapolis, Minnesota, are the positive things that young people need in order to grow up to be healthy, caring, and responsible adults. Research has shown that the more assets young people have, the more likely they are to engage in positive behaviors (i.e. volunteering or doing well in school) and the less likely they will engage in at-risk behaviors (alcohol use or violence). These 40 developmental assets fall into eight different categories: support, empowerment, boundaries and expectations, constructive use of time, commitment to learning, positive values, social competencies, and positive identity.
Religious awards programs are uniquely designed to build assets in children and youth. Of course, the primary goal of religious awards is to help children grow stronger in faith, but a secondary goal is to help families and faith communities build assets in children.
When young people work alongside counselors, mentors, and religious leaders, and when parents are encouraged to share their faith with their children, the religious awards programs are helping provide the support mechanisms in their lives.
When young people design service projects for their congregations and take active roles in reaching out to their communities, the religious awards programs are contributing to youth empowerment.
When counselors, mentors, religious leaders, and scouting leaders have high expectations for young people and take the opportunity to talk about respect, obedience, and not only how people should behave but why, the religious awards programs are helping instill boundaries and expectations.
When young people do independent work at home, attend worship services and youth group, and do volunteer service projects for their community, the religious awards programs are helping them make constructive use of time.
When young people are motivated to earn an award, the religious awards programs are strengthening their commitment to learning.
When young people articulate their faith and embrace the values of honesty, responsibility, and restraint, the religious awards programs are nurturing positive values.
When young people talk about choices and learn how their faith impacts their choices, the religious awards programs are improving their social competencies.
When young people are brought up within a faith community and are valued members of that faith community, the religious awards programs are strengthening their positive identity.
The religious awards programs are excellent tools to help young people connect the values that they learn in Scouting with the values taught by their faith community. They are also tools that congregations can use to help build assets in children and youth. Take the time to learn about the religious awards programs. Your children and young people will benefit!
Visit the Search Institute.


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EHEDG Global
EHEDG Connects Newsletter
See the latest issue of the EHEDG Connects newsletter
See the latest issue of the EHEDG Connects newsletter
The Working Group "Lubricants" has finalized the update on Doc. 23 Part 1 and 2
三级小说The Working Group "Design Principles" recently finalized their updated document on Hygienic Design Principles (Doc. 8)
三级小说Guideline on Hygienic Design Requirements for Processing of Fresh Fish
The European Hygienic Engineering & Design Group (EHEDG) was founded in 1989 as a non-profit consortium of equipment manufacturers, food producers, suppliers to the food industry, research institutes and universities, public health authorities and governmental organisations.
EHEDG Constitutions and Internal Rules (PDF)
EHEDG Code of Conduct (PDF)
Bylaws (PDF)
EHEDG Brochure (PDF)
Intro Presentation (PDF)
Sub-Committee Product Portfolio SCPs (PDF)
See the EHEDG publications like the EHEDG Yearbook, articles and books.
EHEDG Secretariat
Lyoner Str. 18
60528 Frankfurt
Phone +49 69 66 03-12 17
E-Mail secretariatProtected firstname.lastname@example.com


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Baseball is here! Inspired by an old feature on The Black Table, we're previewing the season by going team-by-team and distributing Four Things You Don't Know about them. If you have suggested oddities on your team, send them to us at email@example.com. Today: The Tampa Bay Devil Rays. By the way, we know we started this feature with the Devil Rays, but that was so long ago we thought we'd take another crack at it.
• 1. They Will Get You To The Final Four. Pitcher Shawn Camp is a proud graduate of George Mason University. But he showed none of that Basketball Mojo in his first season with the Devil Rays last year. Here's what the team site has to say about him: "Although Camp has good stuff, he failed to put everything together for most of the season. A middle reliever, he showed improvement during September. Left-handers hammered him for a .407 average." When your own team site uses terms like "hammered," that's bad.
• 2. They Will Never Get Scurvy. The official Devil Rays team site is cracking us up. Here is their bio information, in its entirety, on pitcher Jesus Colome: "Is the youngest of eight children ... Sold fruit as a youth in his native San Pedro de Macoris."
• 3. Don't Accept Their Challenge To A Basketball Pickup Game. It's A Trick! Pitcher Mark Hendrickson (6-foot-9, 230) played four seasons in the NBA with the 76ers, Kings, Nets and Cavaliers, from 1996-2000, averaging 3.3 points and 2.8 rebounds in his 114-game career (better than us). He was a career 80.2 percent free throw shooter (way better than us), and was a two-time All-Pac-10 center for Washington State.
• 4. They Are Beloved By Jimmy Fallon Fans (Both Of Them). The Devil Rays have never made the playoffs, but have seen them vicariously in the movies. In the film Fever Pitch, the scene in which Drew Barrymore runs across the field to where Jimmy Fallon is sitting, near the Red Sox dugout, was filmed after a game between the Red Sox and Devil Rays, with about half the crowd staying after to be extras. The September 16, 2004 game was won by Boston, 11-4.
(Tomorrow: The Arizona Diamondbacks)


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Chromatic aberration
Color fringes can be very annoying, especially in stitched panoramas. Since they often appear nearer to the edges of single images they are near to any seam between two images in the panorama. Even worse, they change color where they cross the seam.
Hence chromatic aberration should be corrected if visible otherwise, at least for full screen or printed panoramas where you allow to zoom in to the native camera resolution. While correction is relatively easy CA can not be automatically determined like f.e. barrel distortion. Only visual judgement can give you enough control of the result. Unfortunately it needs some experience to do this.
What it is
Chromatic aberration is a common lens error visible in images as colored fringes or colored blur along edges. It is caused by a different refractive index of glass for light at different wavelength. There is a nice description with lots of links on Wikipedia.
Another good description is found on Paul van Walree's page.
Different refractive index means different focal length for a single lens. This would lead to different focal planes for different colors. You would have to focus differently for red, blue or green. This effect is called longitudinal chromatic aberration (lCA). If you have a fringe near the image center that changes color if you defocus slightly, this is most likely longitudinal chromatic aberration. This type can not be corrected by software but it gets less if stopped down.
When a lens is corrected for longitudinal chromatic aberration, different colors focus more or less in the same point on the optical axis, but they might focus in different distances off axis resulting in images of different size for different colors. This type is called lateral or transverse chromatic aberration (tCA). If you have complementary colored fringes progressively more from the center to the corners, this is most likely transverse chromatic aberration (although there are some exceptions as the example below illustrates). This type can be corrected by software but it does not change by stopping down.
What it is not
Digital photography introduced some new types of color fringes, that are not lens chromatic aberration. They are frequently confused with tCA and unfortunately they occur often mixed with tCA. These effects might be visible as purple or blue fringes and are visible around overexposed areas in most cases.
They might have different causes:
- By sensor overflow visible as blooming. This blooming often has a purple color because of the bayer pattern of the sensor: If a sensor cell overflows to the neighboring cells all cells are affected the same. There are 50% green but only 25% red and 25% blue sensor cells. Hence blue and red are weighted more resulting in purple fringes around overexposed areas. Since CMOS sensors are not prone to overflow this affects only CCD sensors.
- By chromatic aberration and other errors in the micro lenses that are in front of the sensor.
- By reflections between the sensor and the protective glass (that might be coated and hence reflects colored).
- By interpolation errors or anti moire filters.
- By partial color saturation: Blue sky f.e. might be clipped to pure white because all color channels are saturated. If there is a blurred dark object in the image the sensors in the blur region receive only part of the light and hence don't saturate. The blur region appears blue. This is the only effect that applies to analog film as well.
How to avoid
LCA can be avoided if shot stopped down. Purple or blue fringes might benefit from stopping down, too. They can be avoided in most cases if you expose for the highlights (i.e. don't overexpose). tCA can only not be avoided if you can use a better lens. Fixed focal length lenses are less prone to tCA than cheap zoom lenses. Converters are often very bad. You can avoid tCA while stitching if you don't use the corners where it is most prominent.
How to distinguish
If you want to correct color fringes by software you need to know which type they are. If all of the following points are met your image most likely contains true tCA:
- Corners should show most color fringes whereas the center should show none.
- Color fringes should be not only at the edges of overexposed areas but at lower contrast edges, too.
- Color fringes should be of complementary color (cyan-red, blue-orange or purple-yellow) on opposite sides of a dark or bright area.
- Color fringes should be in all corners the same direction pointing out from the center.
Example with true tCA
This image is reduced to 30% but still shows heavy tCA as a result of the usage of a cheap wide angle converter:
Here a crop of the upper left corner, enlarged to 200%. To verify this is true tCA you can simply cycle through the color channels (f.e. by pressing Ctrl+1, Ctrl+2 and Ctrl+3 in Photoshop). If the whole image content in areas with more or less neutral colors seems to move this is true tCA:
(switch on GIF animation to see the different channels in the right image)
The whole image content seems to move if channels change. This is clearly due to tCA. As you can see, the channels have different sharpness. This is most likely due to longitudinal CA.
For comparison a similar sized and enlarged crop from the center:
There are no color fringes in the center. A good indicator of true tCA.
You can try to correct tCA by hand in one corner in Photoshop to see whether it is worth the effort to correct it in total:
- crop to a corner with visible tCA
- enlarge by 200% to 400%
- flatten image if needed.
- try to nudge the red and the blue channel in order to minimze fringes. To do this, in the channels palette:
- Click the red channel to make it the active one.
- Click the small eye symbol of the RGB channel in order to make all colors visible
- Choose the move tool from the tools palette
- Nudge the red channel with the arrow keys until the fringes are blue-yellow
- repeat the same for the blue channel and nudge to optimum
- repeat for the red channel if there are still red-green fringes
Here is the above example after using this technique.
The remaining light blue fringes can not be corrected. They are most likely not lens tCA but an effect as described under What it is not.
Example with no tCA but purple fringes
This image is reduced to 40%. It shows purple fringes but no chromatic aberration:
Here the enlargement of the upper left corner and the moving channels:
(switch on GIF animation to see the different channels in the right image)
As you can notice, the details on the grey tree don't move at all. It's only the left (outside) side of the overexposed sky areas that changes.
Strange Example
This crop (lower left corner) is from a frequently used combo: Nikon D70 with Nikkor 10.5mm full frame fisheye (image (c) Andrey Ilyin). At the first glance this looks like normal red-cyan tCA. But if you try to correct this one, it will drive you nuts. Have a close look on the moving channels:
(switch on GIF animation to see the different channels in the right image)
As you can see part of the image details move but part doesn't (the blade of grass in the center). If you minimize the fringes there will be new fringes or even double details with different color:
This weird kind of colored fringes is definitely not lens CA. I can only think of some effects with the microlenses Nikon placed in front of each sensor pixel, but this is wild guess.
How to correct
In many cases it would be enough to adjust the size of the color channels to correct for tCA. However, adjustment has to be possible in sub-pixel steps since with larger steps often one step is either too much or too less.
The most convenient way to correct tCA is to use a tool like the Adobe Raw Converter or Picture Window Pro offer. You zoom into a corner with good details and use a pair of sliders to adjust the image size for the red channel (red-cyan fringes) and the blue channel (blue-orange fringes - the purple-yellow type is a mixture of red-cyan and blue-orange type). Both ways allow for sub-pixel adjustment.
This technique (including sub pixel adjustment) can be peformed by hand with any image editor that can make size adjustments to single channels. If the step size is too large, the image can be upsampled prior to correction.
However, if you use one of those easy approaches look closely at different areas of the image - especially different distances from the image center. It could well be that correction in one area causes fringes in another one. If this is the case tCA in this image doesn't follow an easy linear scheme and hence can't be corrected this way.
Panorama tools Radial Shift filter allows for separate correction of red, green and blue channel using a third degree polinomial. This kind of curve should be complex enough to correct for any kind of non-linear tCA.
Unfortunately it was very difficult to estimate the correct values. until in the year 2004 Jim Watters and Erik Krause found a way how to determine suitable correction coefficients using different calculation approaches.
Based on this work Eric Gerds developped a Photoshop CS Javascript called PTShift that allows for manual correction in different areas and passes the found deviations as virtual control points to PTOptimizer in order to calculate correction coefficients.
Erik Krause 17:18, 2 May 2005 (EDT)


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Game 1: Farmingdale State - 9, John Jay - 0 (F/5)
Game 2: Farmingdale State - 16, John Jay - 5 (F/5)
Farmingdale, N.Y. - The Farmingdale State softball team swept John Jay in a non-conference doubleheader this afternoon. The Rams improved to 17-7, while the Bloodhounds fell to 4-12 on the season.
In game one, Farmingdale State scored a run in each of the first two innings before adding four in the third and three more in the fourth inning. Senior pitcher Hope Zino (Bay Shore, N.Y.) threw a complete game shutout allowing two hits and striking out six.
Offensively the Rams were led by junior third baseman Kristen Flint (Brentwood, N.Y.) who was 2-for-3 with two runs scored and 2 RBI. Senior first baseman Aubrey Walker (West Babylon, N.Y.) was 1-for-2 with 2 RBI and two runs scored, while senior left fielder Rebecca Richman (West Islip, N.Y.) had two hits, an RBI and scored a run.
In the second game, Farmingdale State held a 10-0 lead after two innings and defeated the Bloodhounds 16-5. Junior catcher Jennifer Jarczynski (West Babylon, N.Y.) was 2-for-2 with a three run home run, while sophomore shortstop Hillary Genova (Brentwood, N.Y.) batted 4-for-4 with two runs scored and an RBI for the Rams. Freshman first baseman Michelle Mongiello (Elmont, N.Y.) had two hits and scored two runs in the victory.
Freshman pitcher Lisa Bonacasa (Deer Park, N.Y.) picked up her first win of the season after throwing a complete game and allowing three hits.
Farmingdale State next will travel to St. Joseph's for a Skyline Conference doubleheader on Wednesday, April 11th at 4:30 p.m.


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Even Emily VanCamp admits: it's pretty good to be her right now.
"Oh my goodness – Is it ever!" she laughs, celebrating the success of her juicy TV melodrama "Revenge," which recently received a full-season order from ABC, and the upcoming release of her indie film "Norman." "It's slightly overwhelming how exciting things are. It's been a great few months."
After spending her early years honing her craft in ensemble series like "Everwood" and "Brothers & Sisters," the 25-year-old actress has emerged as a leading lady with front-and-center roles – and can be forgiven some minor schizophrenia, given that both role are also named Emily. "Which is hilarious to me," she tells PopcornBiz. "They are polar opposites, these two characters."
U.S. & World
News from around the country and around the globe
VanCamp says that as a somewhat compulsive truth-teller in her personal life "I have to dig deep for ["Revenge" character] Emily Thorne to be doing that because that's not really how I operate on any level. It's such a fascinating thing to explore, that sort of sociopathic nature. Just compulsivey lying all the time and really believing your own lies. And that's essentially what my character does on a day-to-day basis. Trying to find those moments where she sort of shifts a bit back into reality and then shift out of it, and how much you can show and how much you can't – it's endlessly fun."
Viewers, too, seem to be having a ball watching VanCamp's Amanda Clarke/Emily Thorne slowly enact her vengeance upon the upper-crust Hamptons community she blames for the death of her father and destruction of her family, while also getting caught up in their own illicit intrigues. In fact, when fans approach her, it's usually to encourage the TV Emily to be even nastier.
"People want to see more," she chuckles. "They're not telling me to stop. They're telling me to keep going. They love it! It's amazing – It's almost like people are living vicariously, living their revenge fantasies, through this character. It's hilarious. I'm astonished that people are really sort of rooting for her."
She's loathe to let loose of any spoilers, but hints that the stakes are about to get even higher. "I can say that Episode Five, which is coming up this week, is WILD. And completely unexpected. I think people are going to eat it up – I certainly loved the script. And then we sort of embark on a whole other level of revenge after this episode, so there are some great twists and turns coming up very quickly."
Her indie film "Norman" offers a 180-degree spin away from "Revenge" – in fact, in the angsty teen drama VanCamp's the one being duped: a high school outcast ("Cougar Town's" Dan Byrd), reeling from the early loss of his mother and his dying father's refusal to seek further treatment for cancer, pretends he has the disease himself, which draws him ever closer to the quirky girl of his dreams, played by VanCamp.
"I loved the character, who's very different from the sort of other girl-next-door-types that I play," says the actress. "She's very just vulnerable and innocent and open and free-spirited, and had this really lovely quality about her on the page that I was excited to try to bring to life. And finding out that Dan Byrd was going to be playing Norman – I think he's such a wonderful actor and brought so much to the part. The chance to work with him was very exciting. And Richard Jenkins, who I thought was phenomenal in the film. It's hard to find a good coming-of-age story that's compelling."
She admits that she's experienced her share of being lied to. "I think we've all had people come in and out of our lives that have tendencies to embellish or just full-on lie," she says. "We've all been lied to, let's be honest. But I don't think it's quite to the extent that Emily Thorne's doing it."
And VanCamp also pledges never to try to even the score with someone who's wronged her. "No, not like that," she giggles. "Come on. Really – she's crazy!"
"Revenge" airs Wednesday nights at 10 PM ET on ABC. "Norman" opens in limited release this Friday.


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Ready-to-Wear: Butch!Applejack (My Little Pony Week)Posted: November 4, 2012 Filed under: Ready-to-Wear | Tags: Abercrombie & Fitch, applejack, Barneys New York, brony, cowboy, fashion, Fausto Colato, mlp fim, my little pony, my little pony friendship is magic, polyvore, Timberland, western 1 Comment
Friend of the site Sigrid asked for a more butch version of the Pony Chic and we aim to please!
Applejack B (My Little Pony Week) by redcarpetsuperhero featuring
Denim jeans, $48 / Barneys New York / Timberland lace up boots, $215 / Bracelets jewelry / Charm jewelry / Wool hat / Fausto Colato reversible belt / Abercrombie & Fitch Rollins Pond Flannel Shirt
The differences are subtle: a wider ("brony") fit for the jeans and top, work boots with no heels, simpler accessories. Brony Applejack is pretty close to Filly Applejack — the rest of the mane six are like to be more distinct.


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For anyone who knows me, they know that purple is my favorite color. I do not wear it, but I use it as much as I can. My second, is Peacock Blue. Not Navy or Turquoise, but the deep stunning Peacock Blue that Maxfield Parrish could paint and that came from the Orient.
This color in vintage goods seems to have a depth that is not around today. I have been working on my studio and have come across a group of Peacock Blue lamps. I was very surprised that I had so many. So I started rewiring and making shades. This lamp is stunning, the glaze is beautifully crackled a great piece to bring color into any room. I have paired it with a shade made from Japanese paper that compliments the lamp, added a wonderful finial and now this vintage treasure is ready to make some one smile.


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Could Mitt Romney become the first Republican presidential nominee to win Minnesota since … Richard Nixon? Local ABC affiliate KSTP and Survey USA conducted a new poll this past week, and it shows that Barack Obama's lead has been cut in half, and that he's well below the 50% mark. Has presidential politics returned to the Land of 10,000 Lakes? (via Gary Gross)
In an election for President of the United States in Minnesota today, 07/20/12, three months till voting begins, Barack Obama captures the North Star State's 10 electoral votes, defeating Mitt Romney 46% to 40%, according to a SurveyUSA poll for KSTP-TV in Minneapolis / St. Paul.
Romney and Obama are effectively even among male voters. All of Obama's advantage comes from female voters, where Obama leads by 14 points. Romney edges Obama among Minnesota's Independents, but not by enough to offset Obama's 2:1 advantage among Minnesota's moderates. Romney leads in Northeastern MN, but Obama leads in the rest of the state.
Interestingly, the likely-voter breakout may undersample Republicans just a bit. The D/R/I on the sample is 38/32/28, with a D+6. In the big Democratic wave of 2008, when Obama won Minnesota by double digits, the exit polls showed a D+4 advantage, 40/36/25. (There are no exit polls for MN from 2010.) Democrats may well be slightly less inclined to turn out in 2012, but I'd guess that Republicans are more charged up in Minnesota than they were in 2008, and that the 32% is too low.
Obama's performance is certainly one reason why Democrats might be less inclined to turn out, but the Senate race is another. It's not that they're at risk of losing Amy Klobuchar's grip on the seat; she leads GOP nominee Kurt Bills by 24 points, about the same gap by which she beat Mark Kennedy in the Democratic wave election of 2006. If Bills doesn't do something to get engaged in the media and the race, Klobuchar will win this one in a sleeper — which will not exactly fire up Democrats to run to the polls.
Republicans have two key referendums on the ballot this year, too. Voters will choose whether to amend the state constitution to require photo-ID for voting, and whether to move the current statutory language defining marriage into a constitutional amendment. Conservatives expect a strong turnout for support of both, and the poll shows both look likely to pass. The marriage amendment is ahead 52/37, with majorities of both men (53/39) and women (52/36) in favor. The voter-ID bill looks even stronger, with almost two-thirds supporting the change (65/28) and even a narrow plurality of Democrats favoring it (48/45).
If Obama can't get to 50% in Minnesota against Romney this early in the general-election cycle, then it may be a very long election — especially when the voter turnout model has to be shaped by a non-competitive race (so far) for the US Senate seat held by a Democratic incumbent and two popular conservative referendums.


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Green Rating
IC ranks on "best colleges" list. by Melanie Breault '11
In a country with more than 2,500 colleges, it's a great honor for Ithaca College to be included in the Princeton Review's 2010 edition of The Best 371 Colleges. On top of that, IC was ranked number one for best college radio station — the student-run WICB...


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In one of the nation's oldest collegiate speech competitions, freshman Bryce Chitwood's emotional speech about the demise of the family farm and humorous rendition of "Oklahoma" stole the judges' hearts.
Chitwood, one of two freshmen in Tuesday night's final round, won first prize in the 131st Baldwin Oratorical Contest with his speech entitled "Fighting for the Family Farm."
Junior David Pitcher earned second place with his speech, "Literary Evolution: Innovative Creativity through Radical Resistance," while senior Trey Chinn's speech "The Most Colored of the Colored" captured third place. Senior Jonathan Schwarz and freshman Jeremy Burton also competed in the finals.
The theme of the Baldwin Oratorical Contest this year was "Refuse/Resist," meaning that the orators had to craft speeches dealing with examples of refusal and resistance.
Chitwood wowed the audience by singing made-up lyrics to the musical tune "Oklahoma" to both pay tribute to his home state and to set the tone of his remarks. Having grown up on a dairy farm, the political science major said, "The life I love is being threatened by large corporate farms ... I refuse to allow these large corporate farms to ruin my way of life."
Chitwood suggested that corporate farms (farms with more than 1,000 heads of livestock) hurt local economies, threaten the local environment, and mistreat the livestock.
He concluded his memorized speech with another made-up riff from "Oklahoma."
"We had several great speeches tonight, and not just from the seniors," said speech professor David Timmerman. "I'm particularly thrilled for Bryce Chitwood; not only can he speak extemporaneously with passion, but the man can sing … well! He came to us from Sulphur, Oklahoma and he won the contest speaking before not only his peers but the President of the College, the Dean of the College, and a good number of faculty."
Pitcher, a speech major from Fort Wayne, Indiana gave the rookie a run for his money with his speech about literary figures like William Wordsworth and Alan Ginsburg who resisted societal norms to transform literature and the societies of their time.
Judges of the competition were religion professor David Blix '70, soccer coach George Perry, and Crawfordsville High School speech and English literature teacher Martha Lewellen. 2004 Baldwin champion Charlie Lopez, a senior speech major, served as master of ceremonies.
"I enjoy great writing, but it is no wonder I'm a speech professor because I love the immediacy, potency, and vulnerability of the public speaking moment even more," said Timmerman. "Each of these fine young Wabash men committed themselves to a live audience through the content of their speeches and the passion of the delivery."
The Baldwin Oratorical Contest began at Wabash in 1873. The contest was endowed by gifts from Judge Daniel Pratt Baldwin, a long-time Trustee and lecturer at Wabash College. Each of Tuesday's finalists received the complete works of William Shakespeare, the precise gift awarded to Columbus Delano Whitehead, the very first Baldwin champion in 1873. The top three finishers in this year's competition also receive cash prizes for their efforts.
"No doubt the Baldwin Oratorical Contest has survived for 131 years at Wabash because it embodies the mission of the college so directly; providing young Wallies with the opportunity to stand and deliver on substantive issues that effect us all," added Timmerman..
In Photos:
At top: Chitwood sings his own lyrics to tune of 'Oklahoma.'
At center right: David Pitcher gives his second-place speech.
At bottom left: The Baldwin finalists.


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Sunday, October 26, 2008
Pre-Race TV Shows On Sunday Morning
The build-up to the Sprint Cup Series race from Atlanta is underway. Here is your opportunity to comment on the pre-race shows leading-up to Allen Bestwick and NASCAR Countdown at 1PM on ABC.
Here is the line-up this morning:
Tradin' Paint on SPEED at 9:30AM.
NASCAR Now on ESPN2 at 10:00AM.
NASCAR Performance on SPEED at 10:00AM.
NASCAR in a Hurry on SPEED at 10:30AM.
NASCAR RaceDay on SPEED at 11:00AM.
On the two-hour RaceDay show, Wendy Venturini's Real Deal feature will be on the psycology of sports. Guests on the program will include Kyle Busch, Greg Biffle and Alan Gustafson. Video features include Jimmie Johnson's 2004 emotional win in Atlanta and Carl Edwards visiting an Atlanta area children's hospital.
This post will serve to host your comments about the pre-race TV shows on both ESPN2 and SPEED. To add your opinion, just click on the COMMENTS button below and follow the easy instructions. The rules for posting are located on the right side of the main page. Thanks for taking the time to stop by The Daly Planet.
7 comments:
- Daly Planet Editor said...
Boris Said is with Ryan Burr on NASCAR Now. No Ricky Craven.
- October 26, 2008 at 10:10 AM
- Newracefan said...
I really have a hard time respecting Boris' opinion especially over Ricky's. I wonder if it's Boris because that is what ESPN wants or what Ricky wants? Hopefully it's the latter.
- October 26, 2008 at 10:38 AM
- Anonymous said...
Boris has established hismelf as a whiner who really doesn't belong on these show unless or until he starts running in more races.
- October 26, 2008 at 10:49 AM
- PammH said...
I'd rather watch Nascar in a Hurry, because I miss practice on account of working. I also hadn't noticed Kyle's hat on TP, until I read JD's article, so I wanted to see that too.
- October 26, 2008 at 11:10 AM
- Daly Planet Editor said...
I hope that the NASCAR Now guys ask Boris about his plans for 2009.
Rumor is he will be involved again in sports car racing.
- October 26, 2008 at 11:30 AM
- bevo said...
I don't have any problem with Red Bull but come on and call cheating cheating Kenny. It wasn't "accidental".
- October 26, 2008 at 11:32 AM
- Anonymous said...
I won't miss Boris Said if he goes back into racing.
He adds nothing to NASCAR Now along with Brad and Tim.
- October 26, 2008 at 12:01 PM


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self-portrait Tuesday
This photo was shot in my bathroom mirrors. The color cast from the bank of lights above the mirrors gave a late late twilight look to it, which I decided not to correct, but painted it a bit in PS. Sometimes things become something else than originally intended.
I was trying to take a picture of a new necklace I got Sunday at the DIY Trunk Show, from Natalia's wonderful collection. I didn't really know what the story was behind it – but the shape was initial-like (B) – and it's curvaceous beauty spoke to me.
This is actually an Ek Ong Kar (symbolizing one creator and is a central tenet of Sikhism.)
In my daily grind as a photographer, I am almost always in plain, utility type clothing. This time of year, the Parka becomes the Chief Commander of my wardrobe. And, if you've ever seen folks dressed for outdoor work, stylishness is not at a premium, but function is. It has always been comforting to me to wear garments and objects underneath all of it that either flaunt the function or are just beautiful in themselves. If I'm feeling especially crushed by the weather, a favorite La Perla turquoise lace set makes its *appearance* and even though no one else knows why I might be smiling, happiness will be washing me down.
This little pendant joins the collection of things that are underneath. It is personal (initial), beautiful (craftsmanship), and spirtual. Quite a triple play.
And it reminded me of another favorite emblem – worn at all times by possibly the most incredible Tudor of all.
And, in the unpredictable way that culture chooses its icons, the necklace of one of the most historically infamous has become the neck piece of one of our current favorites, none other than Ugly Betty!