text:
Hindi Muhavre – Chadar Taan key Sona Meaning and Examples of Hindi Muhavray (idioms and Phrases) by S. Mishra for SuccessCDs Education Videos.
SuccessCDs Education ( https://www.youtube.com/successcds1 ) is an online channel focused on providing education through Videos as per CBSE, ICSE and NCERT syllabi upto Class 12 (K-12) for English, Hindi, Science, Social Science, Sanskrit and other subjects.
Also visit our Channel for Entrance Exams in India FAQs & Application Process, GK & Current Affairs, Communication Skills
Our website ( https://www.successcds.net ) is one of the leading portal on Entrance Exams and Admissions in India.
Follow us on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/SuccessCD


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Scaring up fun with cover bands, loudness war and Balkans Halloween
To celebrate the creepiest time of the year, get your spook on with 18 cover bands, 14 noise acts and one Bulgarian wedding band. Soak up all the gory details in this week's Music to Your Ears. Peruse the flyers after the jump.

subset: commoncrawl


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US federal courts 'hit by cyber attack'
UNKNOWN cyber attackers have hit the US federal court system, making it difficult for the public to access cases and making it impossible in some instances for lawyers to file documents.
Karen Redmond, a spokeswoman for the Administrative Office of the US Courts, said the denial of service attack affected an unknown number of courts around the country.
The courts posted an online advisory saying the system was experiencing network connectivity issues and adding that users may have trouble connecting to various court sites.
The advisory said that engineers are investigating the problem and working to restore full functionality as soon as possible and apologising for any inconvenience.
Redmond said US court employees noticed the problem late on Friday afternoon.
FOX News


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Medicine Hat, Alberta – Day 42
Trans-Canada distance: 5,849 km
Actual distance driven: 12,852 km
THEN: (Gull Lake, Sask.) In 1912, there were no road maps to guide the way west. Thomas Wilby wrote that he and Jack Haney were led across the prairie by a local driver along roads and tracks "of the most amazing description, wheeling and returning on his course at the most unexpected places, and darting across the rough stubble while his car swayed and pitched like a tiny craft caught in a heavy swell.
"We bumped through sand dust and furrows, manoeuvring in wide sweeps like swift-wheeling cavalry until we picked up the railroad in the absence of any other recognized route. Gates had to be opened and shut incessantly, and it was evident that for at least half the time we were on no commonly recognized highway."
SOMETHING DIFFERENT … (Walsh, Alta.) At the Alberta Welcome Centre, plenty of free tourist literature is readily provided but it costs $2 for a provincial road map. Alberta is the only province to charge visitors for its road maps.
"It's just always been that way," says Victor the tourist guide. "We have a road map here from 1987, and it was two bucks back then."
NOW: (Medicine Hat) There's little doubt that Alberta's 55 kilometres of Trans-Canada from the provincial border to here is the best quality of highway I've driven since New Brunswick.
It's smooth and wide and properly painted and well maintained – no seams of bitumen or patched-over potholes. It's four lanes, safely twinned, and a pleasure to drive underneath the big sky.
Best of all, when it's time to stop for fuel, gas is selling for $1.15.9 / litre, which is a far cry from the $1.35 of Newfoundland and Northern Ontario last month.
SOMETHING FROM TRISTAN, 12: (Fort Walsh, Sask.)
Today we went to Fort Walsh. We looked at many artifacts and then watched a movie on the history of the Fort Walsh massacre.
We eventually made our way down to the actual fort and watched a cannon being fired because a group of people had arranged for it. Everyone was saying how loud the cannon was, but compared to other cannons that I've heard it wasn't actually that bad.
We also had a little bit of a tour of the camp before we had to leave for Medicine Hat because the CAA had to take pictures of my dad and the car.
Cypress Hills in my opinion was a great escape from the long flat prairie and now that we are in Alberta we won't be seeing prairie for much longer.


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I want to go to the novitiate," I stated boldly to my formation director. We both knew these words were coming, but stating my desire forthrightly brought with them a certain fortitude. The words floated with an air of certitude and conviction, unlike the words I had spoken when asking to become a "candidate" with the Sisters of St. Joseph, words I had wished I could put back in my mouth as soon as I spoke them. Now I knew I wanted to enter the novitiate, and I believed Jesus was calling me into a deeper relationship in this time.
The following evening I went out with a group of other young adults who volunteer with the sisters I live with. They teach English as a second language, guide new immigrants toward citizenship and offer help mastering basic computer skills. As we celebrated the year's accomplishments, I felt my phone vibrate briefly in my pocket. Probably just an e-mail, I thought, as I listened to the college student sitting across from me discuss the possibility of working on biomedical research in South Africa in the fall. Another friend, a few years older than my 26 years, talked about his acceptance into the Jesuit novitiate in the late summer. My phone buzzed again. I ignored it. As another volunteer and I discussed a 10-mile race we planned to run, I felt the vibrations of my phone once again. Who in the world was e-mailing this late at night? I slid the phone out of my pocket and silenced it, deciding I only needed to know what was going on in the worlds of the people I was with. Whatever kept my phone buzzing could wait until we were finished celebrating.
By the time I got home, it was near midnight. I checked my e-mail before I went to bed. As I stared at the computer screen, I realized what all that buzzing was about: the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith had issued a doctrinal assessment of the Leadership Conference of Women Religious.
I closed my computer and hoped it was a bad dream. By the time I awoke the following morning my inbox was filling up and the house was buzzing with the news. What followed has been a mix of emotions: hurt, shock, sorrow, compassion, denial, gratitude, doubt, resilience, resolution, peace.
What also followed was a confirmation. Only days earlier I had declared that the life of a woman religious is the life I believe I am being called to be a part of. It makes me feel more alive. It graces my existence. I am falling more deeply in love with Jesus each day. No matter what happens, that love calls me to action, to a life lived in service to the people of God.
As one of the women I live with said to me the other night at dinner, "It certainly is not an easy time to be looking at religious life." Living a religious life never was, is or will be easy. It requires the work of self-discovery and spiritual deepening and the process of surrendering yourself to embrace God and neighbor alike.
Still, this time is unique. It may not be an easy time, but I have found it a truly blessed time. We face the reality of diminishing numbers, but zeal is flourishing within religious communities. Our society is recognizing the importance of intentional community living, where dedication to relationships comes first; and ministry is part of a balanced life, not the whole of it. Sisters young and old are talking about what an authentic living of the vows looks like, how to share our charism and mission with the world at large and what religious life is meant to be. Conversation and communal discernment are becoming essential to forward motion and are creating a space for all to be heard. This is a time like no other—a time of rebirth, a time of prayer and a time filled with energy around what the Spirit holds for religious life.
The future is uncharted. I can almost guarantee that whatever lies ahead will not look like religious life today. When I began my own exploration of religious life, after years of thinking and praying about it, my journey coincided with the beginnings of the Apostolic Visitation of Women Religious. Despite this scrutiny, the women I met bore witness to the challenges and joys of lives dedicated to Jesus. Through their passion, demeanor and care, I had no doubt that their lives were directed toward living the Gospel day in and day out. They may not have known what the future held, but with hope and love they were living toward the Kingdom.
Facing the unknown requires dreaming big and praying hard. The world is ever-evolving, and to exist in the midst of change we must hold on to the truth that grounds us. To live an intentional life in this world, one must humbly admit that the unknown exists, commit to living out love that unites and do the hard work of self-examination and awareness. It is not easy, but it is what real living requires.
As I have lived and worked with women religious, I have come to see that the future is not something to be feared but something to be embraced. Numbers will change. Ministry will evolve. Some ventures will succeed, some will fail; ultimately, we will learn. The thing that really matters is our relationship with God and what that relationship brings to life in us. The future is full of opportunity. In the midst of all of this, I for one can still say, "I want, I need, I am called to the next step in this life."
Mary ELizabeth Clark, SSJ
St. Joseph House/Novitiate
Philadelphia, PA
I find that most people have a quiet, open minded desire to experience a spiritual dimension in their lives but that the new media which thrives on sensationalism and polarization makes that Experience difficult to find.
He says typing away in the new media... :)
Anyhoo, very interesting read.
God will bless you and reward you along this extraordinary adventure that you have begun!
I don't think that you should fear the Doctrinal Assessment of the CDF (not that you seem to). Many were concerned about the Apostolic Visitation, but it seems that it was actually beneficial and has born fruit. I think the same will be said about the Assessment when all is said and done. The Church has a responsibility to make sure that religious orders flourish and give light to a parched and suffering world. Thank you for sharing your great gifts! You are such a blessing!


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|Who would benefit from this IDEA?
How should it work?
|Idea Priority
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Thank you for your input. Will revisit with additional votes.
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So yes, I am not pregnant.
But I was.
When I thought I was not.
We replaced both embryos and it was hard. We wanted to honor the gift we had been given and allow any life that was there to flourish. But we are so very happy as a family of four. Complete and content.
There were no symptoms at all, unlike the previous miscarriage and pregnancy. Nothing. I assumed, as I had been in that space 7 times, that I was not pregnant. Together we moved on utterly before the blood test. We had packed our bags emotionally and mentally and moved on.
So to be told I was indeed pregnant was like being hit with a baseball bat. We were in shock for about 4 days. I woke up yesterday on Anzac Day and felt that I had started to embrace the pregnancy. So we decided to tell our close ones. Yesterday afternoon I started miscarrying.
There was no life there, I am sure. Blossom was aggressive in her growth, I felt her every development. This was completely different, it was passive. There were no symptoms at all. The nurse called the embryos unviable and for once, their cold and clinical language fits.
We are a family of 4 and this whole experience has made me utterly convinced of the perfection of that number for us. Before, I wondered if there was a lack/ gap in our family. Now I know there isn't. We are complete.
While we are sad, we are free. An 8 year journey is at an end. We are free to move on, with our little blessings in tow. Our marriage is strong and we are happy. Our children are flourishing. Our quiver is full. Two amazing arrows sit in our quiver and our cup overflows. We are truly blessed.


text:
Emacs is extremely popular among the computer programmers, admins and technically proficient computer power users. From the article:
These are some of the Emacs features I use the most on a day to day basis. (Not coincidentally, many of these features are the features that are highlighted or discussed at great length in the Guided Tour of Emacs.)


text:
Home > Door Handles > Contemporary Door Handles
(Details shown apply to the default selection)
Part Number: Brand: LoxtaMaterial: BrassSpring Mechanism: SprungLock Type: LockLock Centres: 57mm
The Grosvenor door handles form part of Loxta's Mayfair premium brass collection. This product is hot forged to deliver strength and robustness whilst ensuring that the curves allow the product to feel soft on touch.
The Grosvenor comes in Satin Nickel and Antique Brass Dual Tone finishes that deliver a fantastic look to the products. The Antique Brass Dual Tone also comes with an electrophoretic coating ensuring the finish is preserved long into the future.
The lock plate format is most suited to standard mortice locks with centres of 57mm, and is also available in latch and bathroom formats to complete a full range.
The product comes with suitable fixings and a spindle.
We have tried to make our delivery prices as simple as possible for Mainland UK:
We generally utilise Parcelforce to deliver our products, however we occasionally use other couriers depending upon the size and delivery location of the parcel. Through all methods we ensure that we can send our parcels through the fastest mechanism possible.
You can also collect your order free of charge from our Clitheroe office if you want. We will send you an email once your order is ready for you to come in and collect.
For the Scottish Highlands, orders £100 or above are charged at £8, otherwise the delivery charge is £16.
For Northern Ireland, Isle of Man & Jersey, our delivery charge is £20.
For the Republic of Ireland, our delivery charge is £20.
For Mainland Europe, our delivery charge is £50


text: Our little chicks are growing up and have been given names! In July, we announced the hatching of not one, but two Atlantic puffin chicks at the National Aquarium, Baltimore. The young puffins spent their first weeks in their burrows being cared for by their parents. By the end of August, the two chicks had begun exploring life outside the burrow and practicing swimming. At that time we asked our Facebook fans and Twitter followers to suggest names for the chicks. Our puffin keepers narrowed down the lists to their top five favorites for each chick, and then we put them to a vote onsite at the Aquarium and online on our Facebook page. (We received a total of 1,836 votes!) The winning names are Violet and Jasper! Violet hatched on June 28, 2011, weighing 40 grams. Her parents are Victor and Vixen. This is the puffin pair's third chick! Her big brother, Vinny, hatched last year and also received his name by popular vote. Jasper hatched on July 10, 2011, weighing 39.4 grams. He is Tex and Kingster's first chick. Over the past two weeks, the chicks have become much more brave. They spend very little time in the burrow and can be seen splashing in the water and scuttling across the land in our Sea Cliffs exhibit. The little girl is starting to take fish that are thrown to her. The chicks are starting to look a lot like their full-grown counterparts, except their bills are slightly smaller and still almost completely gray in color. Ask an Exhibit Guide if you need any help spotting them. Visit the National Aquarium, Baltimore soon for a chance to see Violet and Jasper before they're all grown up! Tags: animal-babies, birds, puffins Categories: Animals, Behind-The-Scenes, News Previous Post Next Post


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Deportation of Illegal Aliens
deportation, expulsion of an alien from a country by an act of its government. The term is not applied ordinarily to sending a national into exile or to committing one convicted of crime to an overseas penal colony (historically called transportation). In international law the right to send an alien to the country to which he or she owes allegiance (or to any country that will accept him or her) derives from a government's sovereignty. In the United States, deportation is the responsibility of the Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement of the Dept. of Homeland Security.
Except under the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 there was no American deportation law until the enactment in 1882 of a statute aimed at certain Chinese immigrants. The class of deportable aliens was subsequently enlarged several times, coming to include persons who before their entry into the United States were insane, feeble-minded, illiterate, or diseased in various ways. Many foreigners suspected of involvement in radical political activity were deported during the "Red Scare" of 1919. The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 removed the statute of limitations on any kind of deportation.
The largest group of deported persons are those who have entered the country illegally. In the 1980s and 1990s expulsion of some of the numerous refugees from such Caribbean countries as Cuba and Haiti raised controversy. A deported alien cannot reenter the United States without special permission from the attorney general.


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OREGON RELEASES ITS 2013 FOOTBALL SCHEDULE; Tennessee and UCLA Among New Visitors to Autzen Stadium
The first Eugene appearance by a Southeastern Conference opponent in 11 years, as well as a five-game Pac-12 Conference slate that includes California, Oregon State, UCLA, Utah and Washington State, highlights one of the University of Oregon's most entertaining football schedules in a decade as the league office released its 2013 football schedule this week.
Tennessee will make its first visit to Autzen Stadium ever and face the Ducks for only the second time in the programs' history on Sept. 14.
The two football programs first met in Knoxville, Tenn., during the 2010 season, with Oregon prevailing, 48-13. It will mark the first appearance in the state of Oregon by an SEC opponent since the Ducks defeated Mississippi State in Eugene in 2002, 36-13.
Only once will Oregon host games on consecutive weekends ( Oct. 19 and 26 ) and should benefit from an open date the fourth week of the season on Sept. 21. The Ducks will also welcome additional time to prepare for a Thursday night featured match-up at Stanford on Nov. 7 as neither team will play the previous weekend.
"We are pleased to deliver our fans an outstanding home schedule," Oregon Athletics Director Rob Mullens said.
"With an SEC opponent and five quality Pac-12 opponents, Autzen Stadium will once again be one of the toughest venues to play in the country. Our fans continue to show passionate support for our program throughout the year and our brand continues to ascend to one of the most exciting in college football."
Oregon will open the season Aug. 31 at home vs. Nicholls (La.) State in addition to hosting Tennessee (Sept. 21), California (Sept. 28), Washington State (Oct. 19), UCLA (Oct. 26), Utah (Nov. 16) and Oregon State (Nov. 29) as its only weekday home game (Friday) of the regular season.
The Ducks will play at Nevada (Sept. 7), Colorado (Oct. 5), Washington (Oct. 12), Stanford (Nov. 7) and Arizona (Nov. 23).
The Pac-12 Conference Football Championship Game will again be played on the home field of the team with the best overall league record on Saturday, Dec. 7, and will be televised by either ABC or ESPN.
Oregon State finished 2012 ranked 19th in the USA Today Coaches Poll and 20th in The Associated Press Writers Poll. The Beavers are joined by UCLA among early projections for next season's pre-season Top 25 speculation as the Bruins have represented the South Division in each of the first two conference championship games.
"Our Conference's success this past season will be tested early in 2013 with a very competitive non-conference schedule," said Pac-12 Commissioner Larry Scott.
"Paired with a nine-game conference schedule and the Pac-12 Football Championship Game, I am confident that our collective strength of schedule is among the toughest in the nation."
Missing from Oregon's nine-game conference schedule for each of the next two seasons will be Arizona State and USC, while UCLA and Utah have been added to the schedule for the first time in three years.
It will mark the first time the Ducks and Utes have faced one another on the football field as league counterparts, although the two schools last squared off in 2009.
Game times for the Ducks' entire 12-game schedule will be determined at a later date.
Oregon is coming off its third-straight 12-win season and a fourth-consecutive BCS bowl appearance after defeating Kansas State in the Tostitos Fiesta Bowl, 35-17.
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text:
Browsing Department of Informatics (INF) by Title
Previous Page
Now showing items 48-67 of 114Next Page
growth and impacts in DenmarkViborg Andersen, Kim; Bjørn-Andersen, Niels (København, 2002)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6503
Files in this item: 12002-6.pdf (155.0Kb)
how MNCs enter regional knowledge clustersLorenzen, Mark; Mahnke, Volker (København, 2002)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7276
Files in this item: 1druid02-08.pdf (114.7Kb)
Madsen, Dorte (, 2010)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8185
Files in this item: 1jofia-0201-01-madsen.pdf (47.29Kb)
A Case Study of Indian FirmsSudhanshu, Rai (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this paper I ask the basic question highlighted in the title, how does innovative potential and collaborative capacity contribute to a firm's innovativeness? To address this central question I draw on innovative potential and collaborative capacity as a dynamic notion evaluates the data from India. This paper tries to create a framework creating a sustainable environment for ICT Innovation. To do that I argue that innovative potential and collaborative capacity provide a constellation of inputs to the firm to address both internal and external challenges. For instance while innovative potential works at a project or an individual level while collaborative capacity is seen to work at a firm or perhaps at the inter firm level. This does not mean IP acts only at the locus stated. I conjecture that IP/CC interact with each other at defferent levels, where each takes turn in driving the process of ICT Innovation. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8261
Files in this item: 1Sudhanshu_Working Paper 6.pdf (442.0Kb)
visual communication and interactionNielsen, Janni (København, 2002)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6519
Files in this item: 12002-3.pdf (45.56Kb)
A Human Work Interaction Design (HWID) Perspective on Internet - and Sensor Based ICT Systems for Climate ManagementNordiCHI Workshop on Crisis management training: design and use of online worlds, Reykjavik, Iceland, 16 October 2010Clemmensen, Torkil; Ulslev Pedersen, Rasmus (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Internet- and sensor based ICT systems for climate management in greenhouses presents challenges for the understanding of how technology mediates the interaction between humans and specific work contexts, which is the topic of the field of Human Work Interaction Design (HWID). In this paper, we will analyze and discuss how to combine empirical work analysis with interaction design techniques, with a focus on sensor-based prototypes. The proposed method is action research that will use a combination of theory from usability, work analysis, and prototyping techniques. We wish to investigate possibilities for designing, using and evaluating interactive sensor based prototypes for designing systems, learning key skills, and enhancing current training methods, all of this in a work context. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8232
Files in this item: 1Clemmensen__Pedersen_2010.pdf (130.2Kb)
Holck, Jesper; Holm Larsen, Michael; Kühn Pedersen, Mogens (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The main research interest in Open Source Software (OSS) has been in answering the questions of why individuals and organizations without economic compensation contribute to OSS projects and how these projects are organized. In this paper we instead focus on managerial decisions for acquisition of OSS and discuss potential barriers for widespread use of OSS. Based on existing literature and a small case study, we develop and discuss the hypothesis that a major barrier may be the "customer" organizations' uncertainty and unfamiliarity with the relationships with OSS "vendors". To develop viable models for these relationships is an important challenge, which we will deal with in a research project, of which this paper should be seen as a first step. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6511
Files in this item: 1wp 10-2004.pdf (328.7Kb)
from visual communication to visual interactionNielsen, Janni (København, 2002)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6470
Files in this item: 12002-14.pdf (225.6Kb)
Viborg Andersen, Kim; Zinner Henriksen, Helle (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Bhutan is in economic terms highly dependent of tourism. E-tourism is in this report assessed as a mean to maintain the current positive development in tourism and as a driver for extending tourism to new markets. Effective use of information, communication, distribution and transactions through the new media, such as the Internet, can lead to an increased level of economic activity in the tourism sector in Bhutan. Also, the indirect economic impacts on transportation, accommodation and the retail/ handicraft industry can be substantial. The macro-economic impacts of e-tourism in terms GDP growth, improvement of the foreign exchange balance, and increased employment are in this report described in three scenarios based on a forecasted annual increase in tourism by 15%. In the event driven scenario where the Bhutanese tourism industry manages to increase the number of bed nights per tourist and their consumption by 15% and to increase the number of international arrivals by 5%, there is a short term increase in the GDP output from the tourism sector and the dependent sectors by 22.4%, an improvement of the foreign exchange balance by 1.2 million USD, and an increase in the employment in the tourism sector and the dependent sectors by 5.1%. In the transition driven scenario the Bhutanese tourism sector manages to use the internet and other technologies to increase the number of international arrivals by 15% but the number of bed nights increases by only 5% and the consumption by 5%. In this scenario, the GDP output increases by 8.7% and employment by only 2.3%, whereas the foreign exchange balance increases by 623,000 USD. In the tourism consumption spending driven scenario, there is an increase in the number of international arrivals and bed nights by 5% only, but the consumption by tourists increases by 15%. Thus, the GDP contribution from the tourism sector and the dependent sectors increases by 15.5% and employment by 6.7%, whereas the foreign exchange balance increases by 873,000 USD. There are several challenges to be met in order for the full scale benefits of e-tourism to materialize. Effective online visa procedures and marketing training of tour operators are being implemented as part of the E-Bhutis project. Economic incentives for the tour operators and the scale of economics benefits are less visible in the current business structure. The relative limited international orientation of the tour market and the lack of international players at the Bhutan market are other inhibiting factors for e-tourism to materialize in the Bhutanese economy. This report also highlights several facilitating factors for e-tourism to flourish: the commitment by the Association of Bhutanese Tour Operators (ABTO) and the willingness of the various institutional players to facilitate a smoother visa application process. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6439
Files in this item: 1wp2006-009.pdf (438.6Kb)
Gatti, Anna; Vendelø, Morten Thanning (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Our paper reports research from the emerging institutional field of venture capitalists in Europe. In Europe venture capitalism began to emerge about ten years ago, and thus, in Europe the phenomenon has the characteristics of emergence and novelty, as a local in-dustry venture capitalists have yet to develop distinctive characteristics. The European countries do not constitute a homogeneous institutional environment, but must be per-ceived as different local settings, and thus, venture capitalism may evolve into different forms in the various parts of Europe. The objective is to understand if and how differen-ces in local institutional settings affect learning and adaptation by European venture ca-pitalists and start-ups, and thus, affect the processes of field formation. For example, it has been observed that institutional settings can facilitate or discourage learning from direct experience (Herriot et al., 1985). Thus, depending on the institutional settings venture capitalists and start-ups may rely on diffusion of experience in various degrees. Experiences can diffuse from the US, where venture capitalism as an entrepreneurial form evolved in Silicon Valley in the 1970s. In the US venture capitalists represent an institutionalized type of organization with formalized rules and standards, codified be-havior and roles (Suchman, 1995; Suchman et al., 2001). European venture capitalists and start-ups may imitate behavior and rules developed in Silicon Valley, and thus, a second research objective is to understand if and how US venture capitalism affect the evolvement of venture capitalism in Europe. We study the emergence of a venture capitalist industry in Denmark and Italy, and thus, by selecting two countries with distinctive differences in cultures and institutions, we study learning and adaptation by venture capitalists and start-ups in different institutio-nal settings. We suggest that venture capitalists and start-ups perceiving institutional settings as non venture-friendly are more likely to rely on learning by imitation than on trial-and-error learning. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6515
Files in this item: 105_2005.pdf (492.0Kb)
Impact Of It In The Danish Banking Industry, With Specific Illustrations From The Nordea Group And Lån & Spar BankBjørn-Andersen, Niels; Viborg Andersen, Kim; Holm Larsen, Michael; Schou, Peter (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Danish banks have traditionally been in the absolute forefront globally as regards the automation and introduction of IT since the mid 60'ies. But when the e-commerce opportunities emerged in the late 90'ies, the majority of the Danish banks resisted the development. They saw no reason to be the prime movers in cannibalising their own key competitive advantage, the 2.500+ retail-outlets (branches) placed on all the best locations on corners of the shopping streets1. However, once pure Internet banks were introduced in 1998 - 2000, all major banks (and the computing centres servicing the smaller banks) launched massive initiatives to bring the brick-and-mortar banks back into the driver seat using Internet banking. At the end of 2003 more than 30% of all Danish bank customers are using Internet. This development in the banking industry is illustrated using two cases. The first is one of the most ambitious attempts at creating a Nordic based large international financial service company, capable of spearheading the transition to the digital economy - the case of Nordea. This bank is in the midst of various transformation processes across the organisation due to several years of multiple cross boarder mergers and acquisitions, new composition of the group executive management, increasing thrives towards automation of business processes to reduce costs, and different innovations involving a change of the roles of value network partners. The other case is Lån & Spar Bank, which is one of the smaller Danish banks, who have its basic IT services done at a joint computing centre owned with many other smaller banks, but have its own IT development for strategic purposed done in-house in close collaboration with the business units. This bank has been in the forefornt in adopting new IT-solutions. This report consists of an analysis of the background for the development of the Danish banking sectors, the key processes in the Danish banking industry, the environmental and policy actors influencing the development, the e-commerce readiness in the Danish banking sector, the diffusion of e-commerce, and finally the impact on efficiency, industry structure and competition. The main results are that there are more Danish financial institutions having Internet technologies and Internet applications than in the other nine countries in the GEC survey. Furthermore, we suspect that they have had it for a longer period on average than found elsewhere in the sample. However, when we compare the figures in the GEC-survey on the ' Use of Internet for the different business processes', and 'On-line support', the number of Danish financial institutions having Internet applications is not higher than in the other countries. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6483
Files in this item: 104-2004.pdf (824.9Kb)
the role of absorptive capacityMahnke, Volker; Pedersen, Torben; Venzin, Markus (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Empirical studies on the impact of knowledge management on the performance of MNC subsidiaries remain elusive to date. This study examines the effect of knowledge management tools such as corporate university, communities of practice, group benchmarking, learning systems and rewards upon absorptive capacity and performance with unique data from subsidiary units in a large German MNC – Heidelberger Cement. The findings suggest that knowledge management tools unfold their performance impact through their significant influence on absorptive capacity and knowledge inflows. The key contributions to the current literature on knowledge flows in the MNC include an empirically corroborated link between deployments of knowledge management tools and their impact on the subsidiary employee's ability and motivation to learn from internal knowledge flows in the MNC as well as their impact on subsidiary business performance. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6495
Files in this item: 101-2004-3.pdf (471.2Kb)
A multi-method inquiry on online communitiesKorfiatis, Nikolaos Theodoros (, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This dissertation studies the behavioral characteristics of participants engaged in information exchange in the context of online communities. Online communities are defined as collectives of individuals that use computer mediated communication to facilitate interaction over a shared purpose and/or objective. It is argued that this interaction creates externalities, for example, in the form of codified information that others can use through web search tools. These externalities assemble a virtual form of social capital, a commonly shared resource. The research objective of this thesis is to examine how the behavioral tendencies of the participants in online communities are affected by the way this common resource is formatted, administered and shared. The dissertation consists of two parts: a theoretical part where the empirical background and the object of research inquiry is highlighted, and an empirical part which consists of four empirical studies carried out in the context of three online communities, namely, Google Answers, Yahoo!Answers and Amazon Online Reviews. The empirical part of this dissertation starts with a controlled experiment emulating a well known social dilemma: the public goods game. It provides substance as to whether and when participants in online communities behave (un) cooperatively. The next two studies focus on a special case of online communities where participants ask questions and other participants post answers conditionally on social and monetary incentives. The results of these two studies confirm that community participants do care about the contributions of others and engage in incentive compatible behavior. Yahoo!Answers participants exercise effort in the community by posting answers to questions conditionally on benefits provided by other participants. The empirical findings show that contributing participants in an online community receive answers faster, while those that do not contribute much effort are sanctioned in the form of longer response-time to their questions. In Google Answers this thesis, interactions can be observed that are based on monetary rewards (rather than social rewards in the form of a reputation index as in Yahoo Answers). Participants make use of voluntarily awarded payoffs (tips) along with stated rewards, in order to motivate those that provide answers (answerers) to provide better quality in their responses. The findings of this study confirm the symmetric effect between monetary rewards and quality. However, this study also identifies cases where social norms have a significant effect on response behavior. When participants seek to get better service with less effort (in terms of total cost), a reputation index which is constructed by the history of their previous interactions supports such an attempt. In other words, reputation history influences information sharing behavior in online communities. The last chapter of the empirical part focuses on another crucial aspect of information as a shared resource: Clarity and understandability. The study examines online product reviews on Amazon.com. The results suggest that participants do care about the clarity of this codified form of experience which increases a helpfulness index accordingly. The thesis overall finds symmetric effects between participation in online communities and output of interaction, but also identifies the ability of the participants to interact strategically as they seek to minimize the effort they provide in order to find the information they seek. The results underline the importance of signaling and quality evaluation mechanisms as counter-balancing control that can enhance activity on online communities. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7797
Files in this item: 1Nikolaos_Theodoros_Korfiatis.pdf (3.777Mb)
how to make KM survive in adverse economic circumstances?Mahnke, Volker; Venzin, Markus (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6457
Files in this item: 1no.07.pdf (1.050Mb)
Interaction design & Usability from an Indian perspective - Talks with: Apala Chavan, Anirudha Joshi, Dinesh Katre, Devashish Pandya, Sammeer Chabukswar, Pradeep YammiyavarClemmensen, Torkil (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This is a collection of talks on usability and culture with prominent researchers and practitioners on the Indian interaction design and usability scene: Apala Chavan, Anirudha Joshi, Dinesh Katre, Devashish Pandya, Sammeer Chabukswar, and Pradeep Yammiyavar. I did these talks because for several years I have been the coordinator of a cross cultural research project in India, China and Denmark that aims at investigating the impact of culture on the results of established methods of usability testing. During these years I gradually have come to realize the need for letting the prominent researchers and practitioners in the Indian software industry and university world speak about the big questions in the field. Without this grand context, it is in fact impossible to understand what research experiments will tell us about interaction design and usability in India and abroad. Therefore I first give an introduction to cultural usability and then present the six talks. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6445
Files in this item: 102-2008.pdf (597.9Kb)
a study of how organisational identity influences the strategy-making processKjærgaard, Annemette (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Organisations have to deal with increasingly complex and turbulent environments, which demand that they continuously change and adapt to new circumstances or challenges. One way for organisations to cope with these challenges is to manage the strategy-making process in order to ensure that a continuous stream of new ideas and initiatives create new opportunities and ensure that the company stays viable by adapting to new internal and external challenges. This has been pursued in studies of strategy formation (Mintzberg, 1978), strategic change (Pettigrew, 1988) and internal corporate venturing (Burgelman, 1983b, 2002) and is still a central issue in the strategic management discourse. It is generally acknowledged that continuous change is important for organisations' survival in a changing world. On the other hand the need for stability and continuity in form of a clear and strong corporate identity is also acknowledged to be critical for organisational success (Collins & Porras, 1994). Where the organisational identity works to ensure consistency in the company's strategic action, the strategy making process works to renew the current concept of strategy (Burgelman, 1983b). Organisations thus face a dilemma when they engage in strategy-making to reconcile the perpetual tension between continuity and change (Burgelman, 2002). This challenge is far from new and has been discussed as e.g. the balance between exploration and exploitation (March, 1991). This article attempts to answer the question of how organisational actors' perception of organisational identity influences the strategy-making process during organisational change. The study adopts an evolutionary approach to the unfolding of the strategy-making process, using the variation-selection-retention framework of cultural evolutionary theory (Aldrich, 1999; Campbell, 1969; Weick, 1979), which has been applied to the strategy-making process by Burgelman in several of his works (Burgelman, 1983a, 1983b, 1991, 2002, 2003). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6497
Files in this item: 1
Yonatany, Moshe (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The aim of this study is elaborating the current understanding of a relatively new phenomenon: the internationalization process of digital service providers. It deploys a multiple case study methodology. Based on the case analyses and the discovery of new insights this study proposes a conceptual framework attempting at elaborating existing International Business theory. The analytical process of this study begins with explaining its context and developing definitions that are necessary for the purpose of data collection and case construction. Next, selected International Business theories and concepts are reviewed and contextualized propositions are developed. Following a detailed presentation of the case studies, the propositions are analyzed through per-case analyses. This analysis is coupled with a theory development exercise (which is presented in subsequent distinct sections). Here, unique findings of each case are analyzed in sequential per-case analyses in order to identify emerging patterns. Rudimentary concepts, which are grounded in the case findings, are proposed through the cross case analysis. In addition, the analysis of the propositions is summarized at this stage. Subsequently, a conceptual framework is proposed. To provide foundations for the framework, the proposed constructs are defined and explored more deeply, also through collecting additional data and integrating additional external literature. The conceptual framework is presented in the form of testable hypotheses. Finally, implications for International Business theory are drawn from the analyses and the conceptual framework. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8309
Files in this item: 1Moshe_Yonatany_Abstrakt.pdf (871.1Kb)
Vendelø, Morten Thanning (København, 2002)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6460
Files in this item: 12002-7.pdf (191.6Kb)
An HCI Study with the Lundbeck InstituteØrngreen, Rikke N.; Nielsen, Janni; Levinsen, Karin; Stanley Christensen, Elise; Mortensen, Ole E. (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This working paper presents the first results of a close collaboration between the HCI-Research Group, at the Department of Informatics, CBS and the Lundbeck Institute.This report contains the resulting descriptions of analyses, investigations and evaluations carried out in the pre-phase. The working paper is written considering both the current and future context of the Lundbeck Institute and what we (in the HCI Research Group) know and need to know more about with respect to the future users of the e-learning activities. Another of our concern has been to investigate the Lundbeck Institute current activities and raise questions that the Institute needs to consider when contemplating a relatively large e-learning project. However, we find that the concepts investigated and the processes we have been through have a general relevance. We are thus grateful to the Lundbeck Institute for allowing publication of these pre-phase results. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6450
Files in this item: 103-2004-7.pdf (1.530Mb)
Mahnke, Volker; Venzin, Markus (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6504
Files in this item: 117-2004.pdf (377.4Kb)
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text:
By Peregrine Fairchylde
Staff Writer, Pennsic Independent
For the fifth year in a row, the fortress of La Rochelle fell on the Pennsic battlefield.
In a re-staging of the late period attack on the French city, almost 200 rapier fighters from around the Known World converged on the fort to take turns seeing how long they could hold off the inevitable. With the attackers having unlimited resurrections and the defenders limited to only two, it came down to a matter of how long the defenders could hold out. In the first battle, the defenders managed to stay alive for about half an hour, but when the two sides switched the overtaking tide was more swift, sweeping the defenders aside in about 18 minutes.
Warder Uadahlrich von Sassmannshausen of the Barony of Fenix in the Middle Kingdom, who founded the battle, said the purpose was simply to bring rapier fighters together to have fun and not to try and make it an East vs. Middle contest.
"We try to hodge-podge the teams together," he explained. "If people like to fight together, we try to put them on the same side."
Firearms, in the form of rubber band guns, were allowed in the battle, and many participants held a pistol or rifle along with their sword. The Midrealm's Barony of Cleftlands even brought out a cannon, which shot eight giant rubber bands made of surgical tubing. Lord Miguel D'Servasa, a marshal for the battle who also hails from Cleftlands, explained that the cannon always belongs to the attackers, though it can be moved during the battle and, in the past, has actually wound up inside.
The attackers were also armed with a petard, or bomb, which had to be placed at the gate in order to "blow it open" and allow the invaders to storm the fortification.
In both battles, strategy was fairly similar and straightforward: A group surrounded the person holding the petard and rushed the gate under a hail of gunfire. Once the bomb was set, a 10-second countdown was given and then the gates were opened. The defenders then formed a cup on the inside of the tunnel and did their best to keep the attackers at bay. "Leg them and leave them!" was a common cry among the defenders, who tried to bottle up the gateway so the attackers couldn't advance. On several occasions, the cannon was rolled up to fire through the gate, sending attackers scurrying and defenders stepping hastily backwards.
At the sally port, where only three attackers could fit inside at once, the fighting was just as furious if on a smaller scale. With a dozen defenders arrayed and waiting, little progress was made even when sharpshooters took out one or two of the fighters inside.
Eventually, though, the limited resurrections for defenders took their toll. The main gate fell and attackers rushed in, attempting to come up behind the sally port defenders - only to be frustrated by a hold. Once they were back on their feet, though, it was fairly quick work to clear the side gate. Defenders concentrated themselves in towers as the attackers tried to mop up, and the superior numbers eventually told the tale.
In the second battle, the defenders-turned-attackers used their superior numbers of guns to their advantage early, wearing down the defenders' cup formation inside the gate. In a much shorter time frame, both gates fell and all that was left was the mopping up.
With the two main fights out of the way, Warder Uadahlrich invited all the White Scarves, Brass Rings and other premier rapier award holders to defend the fort against the remaining combatants - with no guns, no resurrections for the defenders, and only one for the attackers. Once the sides were set, the premier fighters decided not to hang around inside the walls - all but a couple burst forth and took the fight to their challengers, while two holed up in a tower to await the search parties who came to clear out the fort. With the odds about four to one in favor of the attackers, the premier fighters met their demise within just a few minutes.


text:
[Page V]
The kehile [organized Jewish community] of 30,000 Jewish souls in Czenstochow, with the exception of a small remnant, shared the fate of the 3,500,000 Polish Jews and of the six million Jewish victims of Nazism and Fascism in Europe. Yet our book, Czenstochower Yidn, was not conceived as a stone matseyve [headstone] at the cemetery of Jewish Czenstochow, but as a Book of Life. We held as a duty the writing of this Book of Life about all of the generations and layers of the Jewish population that struggled and created our home city. The memory of Jewish Czenstochow was sanctified on a thousand layers by the martyred death of our brothers and sisters.
Our Book of Life, Czenstochower Yidn, is also our Book of Lineage. The neighborhood of Czenstochow that Jews built and inhabited is now either utterly ruined or settled by non-Jews. A large number of institutions that were the pride of the Jewish kehile most likely will be taken over by strangers. All the Jewish streets, all of the Jewish houses, all Jewish institutions belong to us. We will always take pride in them and honor those who created them.
We are aware that this book in not in any way complete in every respect. Some of the communal movements and institutions in Czenstochow, as for example, the Zionist movement with its many branches and the religious institutions, were not handled with the necessary thoroughness. The abnormal conditions in which the preparations had to be made for this
[Page VI]
book, the destruction of the authoritative people who would have been able to give the necessary information, is the only reason for the blanks. Our sincere intention was to record the memories of all of the innovations of Jewish life and creativity in Czenstochow without distinction as to its direction.
A consolation in our great misfortune is that large numbers of people from Jewish Czenstochow immigrated in time to America, to Eretz-Yisroel, and to other nations during the course of dozens of years. Everywhere they created their organizations, assisted in the development of Jewish life in the nations in which they now lived; they, who with generosity always supported their brothers in their old home, took upon themselves the great responsibility of publishing this book, Czenstochower Yidn, through the United Czenstochower Relief Committee. This book is also joined with the sacred work of fraternal aid. The income from this book will be used for the aid and building fund for the survivors of the Holocaust from our home city. Let us here express our great thanks and recognize our Czenstochower landsleit [people from the same city or town] in America, in Eretz-Yisroel and in all of the other countries who exerted themselves, sparing no effort or money, in order to see that this book saw the light. They all share a portion of this book and they deserve much pride and reward.
Let this book, Czenstochower Yidn, help still more to bind our landsleit all over the world as an integral conscious community among our severely tested people. Let this book be a reminder that the Czenstochower Jews will not give up the struggle for the survival and happiness of the Jewish people.
Alkana Chrabalowski
Rafael Federman
Aba Koifman
Wolf Gliksman
Administrative Committee
Abraham Yakov Senzer
Josef Koifman
Yakov Ber Silver
Yanakl Kopinski (Kopin)
[Page VII]
However, a history of a Jewish kehile [organized Jewish community] in Poland is also more than an isolated fragment of the history of the settlements in the country. Each kehile was an important Jewish cultural center, not only with its wonderful traditions, but also because of its unique significance and its role in the life of the Jewish people. Each kehile possessed its own individuality that was a product of peculiar, specific development over the course of many generations.
The Czenstochower Jewish kehile shared the suffering and joy, the struggle for survival and the struggle for the cultural ascent of the entire courageous community in Poland. However, it possessed its own characteristic physiognomy, its peculiar charm and its proud consciousness about its own great achievements. Although much smaller than the Jewish kehile in Lodz, the second largest Jewish community in Poland, it displayed so many similar traits in its historical evolution and in its social-economic and cultural structure that it can rightly be labeled as small Lodz. Lodz counted barely one Jewish arendar [tenant farmer] family at the end of the 18th century and in 1931 the kehile consisted of more than 200,000 Jewish souls. At the end of the era of old Poland, seven Jewish families were counted as inhabitants in Czenstochow and on the eve of the Second World War, a robust kehile of approximately 30,000 souls was there.
In Czenstochow, as in Lodz, the Jewish population grew with the rise of industry in the city and consisted in great proportion of factory workers. Both relatively young communities
[Page VIII]
were not able to cite any lineage of old synagogues and houses of study, Torah geniuses and followers of the misnagdim [opponents of Hasidism] and Hasidim. Therefore, they were able to grow with the wonderful achievements of the Jewish entrepreneurial spirit, economic initiative and energy and with impressive accomplishments by Jewish workers and the common people in the areas of professional and political struggle, as well as in the area of modern Jewish cultural institutions. While Jewish Czenstochow was small Lodz and not large Lodz, it merged the attributes and virtues of being an industrial center with hominess and a warm, intimate atmosphere of a medium sized Jewish community. The geographical position near the German border also had an impact in that Czenstochower Jews, in general, were more enlightened than Jews in other medium sized communities in Poland. Czenstochow, as a Jewish community in an industrial city of middle size, was substantially unique in Polish Jewry.
The first hundred years of the history of the Jews in Czenstochow is one chain of persistent, courageous struggle against legal decrees for the right to live and reside in the city. In ancient Poland, the small Jewish community, a sub-district of the neighboring brave kehile, Janow (Janowa), took the first stance against the feudal, clerical state and city administration that according to law did not permit Jews to settle in the city near the Bright Mountain [Translator's note: The hilltop monastery of Jasna Gora, where Czenstochow's famous Black Madonna is located]. Under the Prussian occupation, a ghetto for Jews in Czenstochow was legalized, although the poor Jews who did not pay taxes also had to use every means possible in order not to be thrown out of the city as a useless element. In the half feudal Kingdom of Poland, the ghetto in Czenstochow was like those in a series of other Polish cities, officially recorded under the better sounding name, Jewish District, and except for a few rich individuals, the Jewish population was squeezed into several narrow and dirty alleys.
With the reforms of Count Wielopolski in 1862, a new era began for the Jews in Czenstochow as well as in the rest of Poland. The struggle for the right to live in the city ended. However, the no less difficult struggle for economic existence, for a place in life, remained.
One is simply amazed when one reads the history of Jewish industry in Czenstochow. Without significant capital, without professional training, without any support from the Czarist and later Polish governments, Jews in the city built almost all intermediate-sized and small industries (the large factories belonged to foreigners, mainly Belgian and French firms). Young Jews, who received their entire education in houses of study and who would later, as manufacturers, interrupt the work in the evening in order to go to the small synagogues for the Minkhah-Maariv [evening] prayers with their workers, built entire branches of new industries toys and fancy goods, celluloid and paper, mirrors, paints and a series of others. The Jewish manufacturers who themselves had only once smelled a Leipziger cathedral, or a German factory*, had their production exported not only all over Russia, but even to the Balkans in competition with German manufacturers. Unlike Lodz, this industry not only had Jewish owners. Jewish workers from the back alleys of Szika Street and Jatka Street, Teper Street and Kasza Street contributed to the ascent with their toil and sweat and with their experience and proficiency were part of this impressive industrial rise, no less then the Jewish entrepreneurs with their
*[Translator's note: in other words, the Jewish manufacturers may have visited larger cities but were provincial.]
[Page IX]
initiative and agility. With heavy work, from dawn until late at night, through 12 and 14 hours a day, the Jewish workers men, women and even children, who barely reached the work table, built up jobs for themselves and for the entire working class of the city. Many manufacturers who became wealthy through the work of Jews, later closed their factory gates to Jewish workers. That is how a condition came about that even in this significant industrial center, most Jewish labor was squeezed into the traditional Jewish trades of tailor, furrier, cap maker, shoemaker, butcher and baker.
The old shtetl with its colorful, old fashioned appearance remained almost untouched under the layer of modern capitalist industry and wholesale trade. Haim Leib Szwarc's writings about the New Market in Czenstochow on the threshold of the 20th century describe the Jewish second hand goods dealers, fruit traders, herring and kasha [buckwheat groats] shops; with the stands of earthenware pots, bowls, baskets, chests, beds, closets, lime, string, lokhshn-breter [wooden boards for rolling out noodles] and graters on a Tuesday market day; with paint shops, cloth merchants and haberdasheries; Jews with small wagons and package carriers the writings recall the fairs of Sholom Asch's Shtetl, in just the way his sellers of lemonade, skullcaps and the Kopls and the Shaya Stopes and Nakhum Yankls are blood brothers of Sholem Aleichem's Motl Peyse der Khazan's [Motl Peyse the Son of the Cantor]. A world of energy and a love of life bubbled among the petty bourgeois masses of shopkeepers, traders and craftsmen.
The awakener, the organizer and the leader of the Jewish masses, both economically and politically and in the cultural realm in Czenstochow, as in all of Poland, Lithuania and Ukraine, was the Jewish working class. Not forgetting that Jewish labor was splintered among small factories and workshops, and perhaps because of this abnormal condition and difficult national oppression, it showed a revolutionary spirit and energy for struggle like the neighboring established proletariat. The Czenstochower Jewish working class in the revolutionary years of 1905-6, organized by the stubborn, systematic work of enlightenment at illegal discussion meetings in the forest and at the cemetery, in the synagogue and in the tea house, appeared as the recognized, leader of the Jewish masses in the city. The Jewish workers played a very important role in the struggle against czarism, not only with systematic political education, but also by organized struggle against the police (attempted bombings) and their underworld helpers.
A specific feature of the Jewish socialist movement in Czenstochow that lasted until the end of the First World War was the supremacy of the S.S. [Socialist Zionists] (Territorialists). A. Charabolowski notes in his section on the S.S. Party that the proportional strength of this party in Czenstochow was not only a result of chance, but because it possessed a series of leaders such as Dr. Ahron Singalowski and Dr. Josef Kruk. The geographical location of Czenstochow was important here. As a border city and an important point for passing emigrants, there were auspicious conditions for the growth of the worker's party that inevitably placed the regulation of emigration at the center of its program on the Jewish question.
[Page X]
After the failure of the 1905 revolution, the political and professional movement of the Jewish worker's unions (Poalei-Zion and the Bund) in Czenstochow dwindled, just as everywhere in Poland. Therefore, all legal possibilities were used for cultural work at that time. In 1911 the Jewish literary society joined with the Lira and carried on cultural work with the combined strength of worker activists and democratic Zionist intelligence, and it is worth recording as an example of the rise of secular Jewish culture in Poland. A dramatic section, choir and sports circle, public readings by prominent lecturers (Y.L. Peretz) and the first public Jewish library this was the means by which modern Jewish culture was built in Poland after being under the yoke of Czarism. The local Yiddish press that began to publish before the First World War was also an important cultural achievement, as an organ of struggle against assimilation and to make the Jewish masses productive.
Thanks to the high state of enlightenment of the local community, Czenstochow was one of the rare Jewish communities that was not satisfied with its earlier productivity, although it was substantial in this field. The gardener school (farm) and the artisans' school that were founded on the threshold of the 20th century educated proficient agricultural workers, locksmiths, carpenters and wheelwrights. After the First World War, many of the graduates of both schools emigrated to Eretz-Yisroel and with their specialized abilities helped to build the Jewish nation.
Philanthropy was with reason a discredited institution in communal life. Yet, in the Czenstochwer Dobroszinoczsz (the Polish name for a charity), a positive example was achieved with Jewish communal self-help, initiative and energy. In addition to the organization of emergency help, of an old age home and orphan house, this society built a hospital in 1913 that was exemplary with its most modern accommodations and divisions for all fields of medicine.
This is how Jewish Czenstochow struggled, built and created under the yoke of Czarism until the First World War.
The First World War and the German occupation brought extraordinary desolation and need to the Jewish population in Czenstochow. Local Jewish labor again turned out to be the most agile and most responsible strength in Jewish communal life. Taking advantage of the new legal possibilities, professional unions were created in various industrial sectors. The worker unions also included, those who organized self-help institutions for the Jewish masses, such as a people's kitchen, a bakery, a children's home and who developed cultural work around a newly founded reading room.
The condition of the Jewish masses in aristocratic capitalistic Poland was determined by the changed political and economic conditions in the country. Legally, the Jews in Poland were citizens with equal rights. We also see in Czentochow how the changed legal conditions led to the development of a strong and widespread Jewish professional organization; the middle class organized itself in a respectable artisans club. A Jewish educational system was built with two children's home, two public schools, evening classes for
[Page XI]
workers and a Hebrew-Polish gymnazie [high school]. A large Jewish library grew and the Jewish sports movement spread.
Although formal deprivations ended for Jews, the difficult economic conditions and, chiefly, the anti-Semitic reaction in the country also greatly oppressed the Jewish population, as in the time of Czarism. In Czarist times, particularly from the beginning of the 20th century, the fresh wind of the upcoming liberation was felt. In independent Poland, one watched with concern and anxiety how the [rightist] reaction grew increasingly strong from year to year. As a result, although Jewish communal and cultural life broadened and grew in size, the zest and the self confidence of the work before the First World War was missing. With the deepening of economic need and the sharpening of the political reaction, the level of Jewish cultural life also diminished. It is enough to remember that in the last years before the Second World War that in Czenstochow in the Jewish educational system in the Yiddish language, barely one children's home was supported with great self sacrificing devotion.
The pogroms that the Czenstochower Jews lived through, the pogrom of 1919, a kind of omen for the brutal anti-Semitic course of the newly founded Polish government, and the second in 1937 that cast a dark shadow of the coming Hitler devastation, were a sorrowful symbol for the condition of the Jews in all of Poland in the era between the two world wars.
The brightest time in the history of the Jews in Czenstochow, as in the history of all of Poland, was during these 20 years with the extraordinary activity in the political realm. The Zionist movement spread widely and was strengthened with the growth of the national consciousness of Jewish citizens and, in particular, of the petty bourgeoisie. Class consciousness among great masses of Jewish labor found its expression in the growth of the movements of the proletarian parties.
The former S.S. reorganized as Fareinikte [United] and then as independent socialists, lost even more of its former positions in 1938 when they were dissolved by the government powers. The strongest Jewish labor parties were the Bund and the communists. The left Paolei-Zion, the heHalutz movement [Zionist pioneer movement] and Hatzeir Hashomer [Youth Guard, a Socialist Zionist youth group], which dominated still wider circles of the Jewish young people, developed as a bridge between Zionism and Socialism. The Czenstochower young people entered a glorious page of the highest human idealism with their blood. Dozens of Jewish socialists and communists languished in Polish jails for years because of their struggle for the liberation of the Jewish and Polish people. Many Czenstochower young people gave their lives on the fields of Spain in the struggle against Franco's fascist Falanges. At the same time, dozens of Jewish young people from Czenstochow left for Eretz-Yisroel and, with their sweat and blood, dried up swamps, irrigated deserts and chiseled out new roads, in order to prepare the way for the old-new national home of the Jewish people. All of them, the halutzim [pioneers] and shomrim [volunteer patrols], right and left Paolei-Zion, Bundists and communists, later, in the dark hour of Hitlerist destruction raised their hands against the deadly enemy and they fell together in heroic struggle for the honor of the Jewish people.
A book about Jewish Czenstochow would not be complete if it did not include an account of the activities of Czenstochower people throughout
[Page XII]
the entire world. The feelings of connection to the home city is particularly strong among Czenstochowers and wherever they emigrated, they organized themselves at first as a group with the purpose of coming to the aid of their brothers and sisters in Poland. In Eretz-Yisroel they majority of the approximately 2,000 Czenstochowers organized themselves into their own organization. In faraway Argentina a union of Czenstochower landsleit [people from the same town] has been active for approximately two dozen years. Here in South America the landsleit organization of Czenstochowers is so strongly united and so vigorously active that they can serve as an example for many other organizations of the same character.
* *
The Czenstochower Jewish community suffered the horrible fate of all of Polish Jewry. There, where in the course of 200 years the Czenstochower Jewish community worked, struggled and created, there are ruins sown with ash and blackened, burned bricks. In the hellish ovens of Auschwitz and Treblinka, 50,000 Jews from Czenstochow and its surrounding shtetlekh [towns] breathed out their last breath. The chapters about the frightening agony of death of the Jewish community of Czenstochow that are collected in this book are a very important contribution to the history of Jewish martyrdom under the Nazis: using the same vile system as in every large Jewish community in Eastern Europe, using the same devilish plan that the Germans carried out in Warsaw, in Lodz, in Bialystok and in Vilna, in Kovno and in Lemberg [Lvov or Lviv], they little by little exhausted the Jewish community in Czenstochow; first with hunger, torture and yellow patches; then the second stage the imprisonment of all Jews from the city in a large ghetto jail; the liquidation of the ghetto and leaving a small ghetto in order to squeeze out the last working strength of the starving martyrs; the last act the annihilation of the remnant in the ghetto.
However, the history of the Holocaust of the Czenstochower Jews is not only a megilah [scroll] of blood and tears, but an epic of Jewish heroism. Czenstochower Jews have shown that they are worthy brothers of the immortal Jewish heroes of the ghetto uprisings in Warsaw and Bialystok. The fighting courage of the sons and daughters of Jewish Czenstochow was erased.
If Jews in Czenstochow have recorded an important chapter in the history of Polish Jewry, they are immortalized in the history of the Jewish people, in general, by their heroic fight against the Nazis.
We all wish that the small number of Czenstochower Jewish survivors, who show so much energy and devotion to reconstructing their economic and cultural position, will withstand the storms of the fascist anti-Semitic wave that tried to drown the new Poland in Jewish blood. May they live to see happy times in Poland and not need to leave their home city, obliterating every trace of a Jewish community in Czenstochow. However, as the fate of a renewed Jewish community in Czenstochow is not inevitable, may the spirit of the 200 year Jewish history in the home city not go for naught for the Czenstochowers: the history of our own home city must be a source of inspiration, a reservoir of strength for the Czenstochowers across the world in the fight for a happy Jewish people in a liberated world.
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Sunday, January 13, 2013
Hundreds of adults and children turned out Sunday at the Martha's Vineyard Hospital to get free vaccinations against the flu. With help from dozens of volunteers, a long line of adults and children — at times snaking through several hallways — moved swiftly and efficiently through the process. In response to the recent statewide outbreak that caused a run on vaccine here and elsewhere, the clinic administered more than 800 doses of vaccine in one morning.


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Multitronics was a computer technology devised by Doctor Richard Daystrom in the mid-23rd century.
It was designed to supersede and replace duotronics, also designed by Daystrom, then in use throughout Starfleet. It utilized very sophisticated technology, probably similar to the Human neural network. The goal of the system was to allow starships to run entirely without the need for a crew, controlled only by their multitronic computers.
Five multitronic computers were constructed before the project was abandoned. M-1 through M-4 were total failures. M-5 was installed aboard the USS Enterprise in 2267. Its test was also a failure, resulting in the destruction of the Woden, an unmanned robot ship, and the total loss of life on aboard the USS Excalibur , a Constitution-class heavy cruiser. (TOS: "The Ultimate Computer")
Multitronics were a part of the EMH Mark I holomatrix. When The Doctor's memory pathways became degraded in 2373, Kes had to prepare his multitronic paths before an overlay could be made from the diagnostic program. Most of The Doctor's memories remained intact after the process. (VOY: "The Swarm")
Multitronic devices were also still in use in 2375 when Doctor Julian Bashir and Miles O'Brien used a multitronic engrammatic interpreter while linking their minds to that of Section 31 operative Luther Sloan. (DS9: "Extreme Measures")
Duotronic technology was eventually replaced by isolinear circuitry. (TNG: "Relics")
External linkEdit
- Multitronic at Memory Beta, the wiki for licensed Star Trek works


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Happy Monday = R.I.P weekend
It was Superbowl weekend, and even though Niners lost– it was probably the best football game I've ever watched.
Jim Harbaugh proved that I have more in common with an NFL coach than I thought possible.
So this post is partially an ode to Jim Harbaugh, who perfectly embodies the frustrated and helpless younger sibling in all of us.
In an earlier post, Farrah Joon talked about her take on dominating in the bedroom…and how it's a lot better, when the guy takes control. And to borrow a quote from the lovely lady that I think described her point definition of "DOMINATING":
"HE TOOK CONTROL AND HE GAVE IT TO ME THE WAY HE KNEW I WOULD LIKE IT." – Fifty Shades of Joon
And really, its true…while it may vary from girl to girl, almost all women like it when the man exercises some control. And without passing judgment, I have to ask:
Why? Why do we like it when a man plays the Dominant to our Submissive?


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The company, which has struggled in the changing bookselling market, disclosed that Leonard Riggio plans to offer to buy the retail side of Barnes & Noble's operations. Riggio has not yet made a formal bid but said in a regulatory filing that he plans to negotiate a price with the board for Barnes & Noble's 689 stores and Web site. The bulk of the purchase would be made with cash, Riggio said. He is the company's largest shareholder with a 30 percent stake.
The deal would exclude Barnes & Noble's
Barnes & Noble said in a press release that a strategic committee of three independent board directors will evaluate the proposal. The company didn't provide a deadline for the the review.
A Barnes & Noble spokeswoman declined to comment further to CNET.
Barnes & Noble has been struggling as more consumers opt to buy books digitally instead of through brick-and-mortar stores. It has its own digital reading operations, but it also faces tough competition from Amazon, Apple, and others. While Barnes & Noble has expanded its tablet and e-reader line, sales of its Nooks have fallen short of expectations, including during the key holiday season.
The company earlier this month said it expects a higher loss from its Nook business for its fiscal 2013, which ends in April.
The bookstore operator has been exploring the options for its tablet and e-reader business, including possibly spinning off the operations. It also has formed partnerships for its Nook business with MicrosoftandPearson.
The New York Times reported yesterday that Barnes & Noble will "move away" from building its own hardware to a strategy that focuses on licensing content to third-party developers. The report said the company isn't completely getting out of hardware but that it's going to lean a lot more on its content catalog.
Riggio noted in today's regulatory filing that he "plans to make the proposal in order to facilitate the company's evaluation of its previously announced review of strategic options for the separation of its investment in Nook Media LLC."


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SURYA MUDRA | Mudra's that adds to your Beauty and Health!
Why you should practice mudra? Mudra holds the power to change your body's internal and external health and emotions which includes mental, spiritual and physical aspects. Mental health itself comprises of many key things like anger, disturbance, intelligence and emotional balance. Similarly spiritual health has to do with concentration, meditation and peace of mind to be achieved. Physical health and fitness is known to all which includes your body health and fitness measures, your body…Read More


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ECON-331 Money, Banking and Financial Markets
Examines depository and nondepository financial institutions, financial markets and instruments. The Federal Reserve System's structure and role in controlling the money supply and regulating financial institutions and markets are discussed in detail. The course examines Keynesian, monetarist and new classical approaches to monetary policy and controversies concerning inflation, unemployment, economic growth and balance of payments. Prerequisites: ECON-105, or ECON-201 and ECON-202. 4 SH.