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Superchargers: New Positive Displacement Superchargers
Modern Blowers Make Big Horsepower, But You Have To Choose Wisely. We're Here To Help With Our Guide To New Positive-Displacement Superchargers
Though we car crafters like to think of ourselves as a more sophisticated bunch than the average car guy, the truth is we all have a warm spot in our collective hearts for excessive and gratuitous displays of horsepower. And few things scream wretched excess more than a supercharger jutting through the hood. The bigger, the better, too. An 8-71 on a small-block Chevy-why not?
Still, it is better to take a proverbial step back before plunking down your hard-earned cash for what may be a clunker of a supercharger, which is what you will have if it is improperly matched to your engine. This article will provide a basic look at positive-displacement superchargers, hopefully giving you a good base of knowledge to refer to when planning a forced-induction build.
Positive Displacement Supercharger vs. Variable Displacement Supercharger
What's the difference in these two superchargers? The answer is simple enough. A positive displacement supercharger pump (whether it is pumping fluid or air) is one that moves the same amount of a substance during each revolution: One liter of air goes in, one liter is pumped out the other side no matter how fast the pump is turning. In contrast, a variable displacement supercharger pump moves less volume at low speed than it does at high speed.
Here's an easy analogy we all can identify with: comparing the engine in your car with the blower motor in your HVAC system (assuming you haven't thrown it away Jeff Smith style in a quest to shave every ounce of extraneous weight). A piston engine is one type of positive displacement pump. Whether it's spinning at 6,500 rpm or you're turning it over by hand, it should pump the same amount of air on every revolution. Your heater blower motor, on the other hand, does not work that way. Like all fans, it moves more air the faster it spins. This is especially noticeable when trying to cool your car after it's been sitting in the hot sun. We all know you've got to crank the fan to high to get the air moving.
Forced induction operates the same way: Though the ultimate goal is to push more air into the engine, you can either do it with a positive- or variable-displacement pump. A generic term for these devices when used on a street machine is supercharger, and they can be driven either by the engine via a mechanical connection or by exhaust gases via a turbine wheel placed in the exhaust system. The exhaust-driven type is referred to as a turbocharger, a shortened version of the term turbosupercharger-literally a turbine [driven] supercharger. All turbochargers are variable displacement-type pumps, but beltdriven superchargers can be either positive or variable displacement. Variable displacement-type superchargers are known as centrifugal superchargers, and on the positive displacement side of things, the industry has latched on to two types-Roots and twin-screw superchargers-to get the job done.
We will not be addressing centrifugal superchargers in this article, however, because we feel the trend in the industry is focusing on the positive displacement-type superchargers. Additionally, we believe that a modern, efficient positive-displacement supercharger is currently the most economical way to make more power. Note that by economical, we are considereing the amount of time involved in installing the system as some kits are as easy as swapping an intake manifold. How much is your time worth?
Positively Confusing?
In the world of positive-displacement pumps, there are a variety of shapes and styles. As we mentioned before, a piston engine is one example-you will likely find a piston pump pressurizing the compressed air tank in your garage. Refrigerant in your air conditioning system is also pushed around by pistons in your A/C compressor. Rotary pumps are another example: The oil pump in your engine is a scaled-down version, while the Wankel rotary engine found in Mazda's RX cars can make pretty good power. Vane-style pumps, like those in your power steering system and automatic transmission oil pump, are just two more examples of positive-displacement pumps you can find all over your car.
However, most of these types of pumps are not good superchargers. They generally cannot move enough air to meet the demands of an automobile engine and still be sized small enough to fit within the confines of an engine compartment. Decades ago, the industry latched on to a different design, the Roots-style pump, because it can move very large quantities of air-enough to feed a hungry V-8.
The ubiquitous Roots blower is the oldest and most common supercharger used in automotive applications. Its visual appeal is undeniable: Like a sucker punch to the jaw, nothing says horsepower like an oversized Roots supercharger. Though it was adapted by the transportation industry to help power two-cycle GMC diesel buses, the Roots blower has a history that dates back before the golden age of the automobile. Originally conceived by brothers Philander and Francis Roots, the device was designed as an air pump for blast furnaces. It was quickly adapted for use in a wide variety of applications, from ventilating mine shafts to pumping fluids in plumbing applications. A Roots-type pump was even used to provide the air supply (insert '70s soft-rock band joke here) to the Federal Signal Thunderbolt air raid sirens common throughout the country during the Cold War.
Roots pumps are extremely simple machines. A case houses two rotors that are machined to tight tolerances, though the rotors usually do not touch each other, nor do they touch the case. The rotors are connected by a pair of gears, and a shaft extends out from one of the gears and is driven by the crankshaft. That shaft turns the gears causing the rotors to spin in opposite directions. An opening in the top of the case allows air to fill the empty space in the cavity of the rotors. Then as they turn, the rotors trap that air between themselves and the case of the pump, pushing it around and down through the case and out the other side.
The simplicity of the Roots supercharger may be its ultimate shortcoming as well. Dustin Whipple of Whipple Industries tells us that Roots pumps are a "no pressure" design. "They were never intended to pressurize air-only to pump it," he says. As a result, the Roots supercharger is one of the most inefficient. More about that later.
The twin-screw supercharger is the other commonly used positive-displacement model. It is similar in appearance to a Roots blower but different on the inside. The design was patented in the '30s by Swedish engineer Alf Lysholm, who-like the Roots brothers-was designing a pump for industrial applications. Decades later, his design would be put to use making cars go faster. The main difference between a Roots supercharger and a twin-screw or Lysholm-style pump is that the twin-screw supercharger is a true compressor becasue it compresses and pressurizes air inside its case.
Like a Roots supercharger, the twin-screw design also relies on spinning rotors, but its shape is much different. There is a male and female rotor, and the lobe count is different between the two, usually three lobes on the male rotor and five on the female. Like in the Roots superchargers, the rotors never touch each other or their housing, but unlike in the Roots, the rotors turn toward each other. Air enters the case from the rear, filling up an opening between the rotors. As the rotors turn, their meshing action pushes the air through a cavity that gets smaller toward the end, compressing the air along the way.
Boost is Not Always Good
We car guys usually equate boost with horsepower: The more boost the better. This is not always true, though. We are going to demonstrate that we should be concerned with the density of the air the supercharger delivers, rather than how much boost it makes.
The purpose of a supercharger is to force more air into an engine than it would otherwise be able to ingest naturally aspirated. Instead of operating with vacuum in the intake manifold, this extra air pressurizes the intake; the extra air pressure is referred to as boost. In basic terms, boost represents an increase in air pressure that is above ambient atmospheric pressure. Ambient pressure is around 14.7 pounds per square inch at sea level but varies slightly due to elevation and barometric conditions.
Extra pressure does not always mean there is actually more air in the intake, since air expands at high temperatures and contracts at low temperatures. In a closed system, heating the air in a fixed volume of space will cause an increase in pressure because the air molecules are trying to expand, but the amount of air or oxygen remains the same.
To illustrate this point, we performed an easy experiment using the air in our tires. We wanted to see how much the tire pressure changed after a few minutes of hard cornering (OK, more like 45 minutes of hard cornering). Before we started driving, we had 34 pounds of air in the tires. After a blast through one of our favorite canyon roads, the tire gauge read about 39 psi. Looking at it another way, you could call the original reading of 34 psi our ambient air pressure. Doing nothing but heating the air in the tires increased the pressure 5 psi. If we were to attach a boost gauge (calibrated to be zeroed out at our ambient pressure of 34 psi), it would read 5 pounds of boost in our tires.
See what we're getting at? Within the confines of your intake manifold, 200-degree air takes up more space than air at 80 degrees. But the 200-degree air has less oxygen at a given volume and mixes with less fuel than the 80-degree air does. At the same boost levels, the 80-degree air will make more power than the 200-degree air because there is more air to burn. The point? The best supercharger is the one that can increase pressure with the least amount of temperature rise.
High-Helix And TVS
As we mentioned before, Roots superchargers don't make pressure in and of themselves. They generate boost by feeding more air into the engine than the engine can consume, essentially pressurizing the intake manifold with extra air. They become less efficient at higher boost levels because air begins to leak past the rotors back up through the supercharger, causing turbulence in the case. Turbulence increases the friction between air molecules, and we all know that more friction equals more heat. This is why we stated earlier that Roots superchargers were not very efficient. Traditional GMC-style Roots superchargers, i.e., the familiar 6- and 8-71 models, are great for drag racing. They operate best at low pressure levels-wide-open throttle at high engine speeds-but their efficiency can fall to around 30 percent when pressure levels in the intake manifold increase.
By design, Lysholm-type superchargers have a clear advantage here. By twisting the rotors and routing the air longitudinally through the case, turbulence and friction are greatly reduced. Plus, because they compress the air within the rotors, they are delivering high-pressure air into the intake manifold, which also helps keep air from blowing backward through the case. They are more efficient at higher boost levels and are ideally suited to street cars operating in part- to medium-throttle at higher boost levels.
Recently, Eaton took things to a higher level with the introduction of its Twin Vortices Series (TVS) superchargers. Eaton is an OE-level supplier with an operating budget we can only dream of. The company added even more twist to the old Roots design, making rotors with a 160-degree twist along their length. Like a Lysholm, the TVS superchargers draw in air from the back of the case, pushing it out of an opening on the bottom of the opposite end. Like a traditional Roots design, though, the rotors still turn away from each other, and the air is still pumped between the rotor and the case. But the higher degree of twist prevents leakage past the rotors better than the old Roots design did.
Efficiency Efficacy
At the end of all this is the issue of efficiency. So which supercharger type is the best? That obviously depends on your application and the type of driving you do, but we do have at our disposal several tools to help judge which is the best-we can measure a supercharger's efficiency. The two efficiency ratings to consider are the volumetric and adiabatic efficiency numbers.
Volumetric efficiency measures how much of a substance a pump can flow versus how much it actually does flow. We're familiar with this term as it applies to the automobile engine. Under perfect conditions, a 5.7L engine should pump 5.7 liters of air for each turn of the crankshaft. This rarely happens in the real world, though. Unless you have a big carburetor and exceptionally good-flowing cylinder heads, chances are an engine turning at 6,000 rpm will not be filling its cylinders as completely as it could. Atmospheric pressure can only push air in the intake, through the ports, and past the valves so quickly.
The same principle applies to superchargers. While they are busy forcing air into the engine, superchargers rely on atmospheric pressure to push air into them. Things like rough castings, poorly designed rotors, and inlet and exhaust ports all affect airflow through the supercharger and can diminish its volumetric efficiency.
The adiabatic efficiency rating deals with the issue of heat. The easy explanation is to say adiabatic efficiency is a measure of how much a supercharger heats the air before delivering it to the intake port. That's too simple, though. Like the volumetric number, adiabatic efficiency measures the actual increase in heat versus the ideal. For any machine to do work, you can expect a certain amount of heat to be generated-usually due to friction. Bearings generate friction as they turn and air molecules generate friction as they tumble around inside the supercharger-friction is unavoidable. One can measure all these parameters to predict how much heat should be generated by this machine as it works. Then you measure the actual difference and divide the two to come up with the adiabatic efficiency rating for that given supercharger.
Like turbochargers, compressor maps are available for superchargers, showing the rpm and pressure levels they are the most efficient at. Though they look confusing, spend some time learning how to read them. They really aren't difficult to understand.
What's Available
|Whipple Superchargers
|'03 to '04 SVT Cobra
|'05 to '10 3V 4.6
|'07 to '09 GT500
|Ford pickups
|'04 to '06 3V 5.4L
General Motors
'99 to '06 pickups
'02 to '06 Hummer
'10 Camaro
Plus hot rod nonemissions kits for Chevrolet Gen I small-block, big-block, and LS engines
Kenne Bell
Applications Ford
'86 to '95 5.0 Mustang
'96 to '04 2V Mustang
'96 to '01 4V Mustang Cobra and Mach 1
'03 to '04 4V Mustang Cobra
'05 to '10 3V and 4V Mustang
'97 to '09 Corvette and LS street rod kits
'03 to '09 Hemicars
Vortech VTS/Lysholm
Applications Ford
'07 to '09 Mustang GT500
'08 5.3 pickup
Tuner kits for LS transplants
Roots Superchargers
Magnuson/Eaton TVS
MP 1900 cc
MP 2300 cc
Applications Ford
'05-and-up 3V Mustang
'04 to '07 5.4 3V F-150
LS-powered trucks and SUVs
Chevrolet SSR
Cadillac CTS-V
Pontiac GTO/G8
'97 to '06 Corvette
'10 Camaro
Dodge Challenger SRT-8
Edelbrock E-Force EFI
2300cc Eaton TVS
'05 to '09 3V Mustang
How to Buy
The best supercharger is the one that matches the airflow demands of your engine. Get one that is sized to deliver the right amount of air, and you can fine-tune boost levels with pulley changes. Tell your sales rep the specs on your engine-cylinder heads, compression ratio, cast or forged internals-and your primary driving style. Also be sure to tell him how much power you want to make, how fast you want your car to go, and what type of fuel you will run. The more information you give, the better he can match his product to your application.
For a mainly street-driven car within the positive-displacement family, we like either a twin-screw or an Eaton TVS supercharger. These new-tech blowers are much more efficient than GMC-style Roots blowers. And their compact size allows them to fit a wide variety of engines and engine compartments. For a big drag engine, stick with the GMC-Roots.
We also want to stress the importance of running a charge cooler with the supercharger, though most of the kits available come with some sort of heat exchanger usually fitted in the manifold below the supercharger. The cooler the intake charge, the more power you will make. A supercharger is an excellent performance buy, and you'll typically drop on 50 to 100 hp in a weekend's work.


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'Teen Mom' Star Amber Portwood to Release Tell-All Bookby Mandi Salerno | PopCrush
Me and booboo giving eachother Mother's Day kisses…sending love everyone hope it was an amazing day♡ pic.twitter.com/6CChcQxmHP
— Amber Portwood (@AmberLPortwood) May 12, 2014
You've read Amber Portwood's story in news headlines, but soon you'll be able to read the story from her own perspective.
The reality TV star has announced she's coming clean in a tell-all focusing on her downward spiral that was publicly documented on '16 and Pregnant' and 'Teen Mom.'
Fans who followed her on MTV already have some idea of her history with sex, drugs and depression — or at least what the series portrayed. Her memoir 'Never Too Late' will shed light on what really happened in front of and behind cameras, and how Amber has managed to get her life back together since then.
"Addiction. Mental illness. Death. Divorce. Betrayal. Violence. Suicide attempts. Felony charges. Rehab. Drug overdoses. Jail. Oh yeah, and there's some sex and rock 'n' roll in there, too. But I'm going to tell you how it all happened," the 24-year-old promises in an excerpt from her book.
The autobiography is sure to be a dark look into Amber's troubling past, but it also promises to showcase how she fought to become a better person and a better mother, both for herself and for her young daughter Leah.
'Never Too Late' will be released on Aug. 26, 2014.

subset: commoncrawl


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[UPDATE] LastPass has since released a Google Chrome extension and mobile apps for iPhone, Android, Windows Mobile, Blackberry, and Symbian. We recommend trying out our mobile apps for the best experience, in addition to the bookmarklets.
LastPass has just released 3 bookmarklets to extend the LastPass experience to all the other browsers and mobile devices in your life.
We're very proud of implementing our complete Form Filling solution in a bookmarklet, too. Now if you want to buy something on your iPhone at an online store with your credit card you can do it in 10 seconds rather than 15 minutes (or not at all), it's amazing.
If you're already an IE or Firefox LastPass user the experience is a little different. You have to do some setup, and you have to activate the LastPass feature on each page. But if you are on the road and can't install software, have a mobile browser, or like to use Opera, Google Chrome, or Safari, this solution still works quite well.
We've prepared a quick video covering setup and an example of the feature in Google Chrome:
To get started you'll want to go to https://LastPass.com/ and sign in then hit Bookmarklets. If you're a new user, go through the installer, then use your LastPass plugin to get all your passwords working before setting up the bookmarklet.
We've also improved m.LastPass.com as part of this process to have a login simply activate your session, and your bookmarklets, rather than try to immediately download and decrypt all your data. This is far more workable if you have hundreds of accounts, like many of you LastPass-ers do.
A number of people have asked how to setup iPhone, here how it's done:


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At LOVEWINX, we pride ourselves on educating all of our Consultants to provide the highest quality party every time. Our parties are designed to educate you on new ways to live life more passionately, empower you to love your beautiful body, and provide revolutionary products that enhance your life.
Our parties are specifically designed for adults only. We seek to empower and educate women, men & couples at every stage of life and strive to make everyone at our parties feel comfortable in every way. Because our Consultants are properly trained, they will be able to provide you and your guests with countless ways to feel more beautiful, live more passionately, and discover new ways to ignite your sexual experiences.
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Oregon chub found in the Molalla River basin
An ODFW Native Fish Investigation team has found the first Oregon chub to be found in the river since Eisenhower was president.
Biologists from ODFWs Native Fish Investigations Program recently teamed up with the Molalla River Watch. The result – the first sighting of Oregon chub in the lower Willamette basin in 60 years.
Last month, the NFI biologists discovered two populations of the threatened native minnow in the Molalla River Basin, the first to be seen in the river since Eisenhower was president.
Historically, Oregon chub occupied the Willamette River from the mouth of the Clackamas to the Coast Fork and Middle Fork of the Willamette River. The last observation of these fish in the lower Willamette, however, was in 1953 at Oregon City.
Oregon chub were one of those things we have been looking for a long time, said Brian Bangs, an ODFW biologist working on native fish investigations. Biologists at OSU were looking to find populations up there in the Molalla. And then in one day in September, they found Oregon chub in two separate areas. We thought the fish were gone, so this is fantastic.
The tiny fish were found in Milk Creek near the Canby-Mulino Bridge and in Feyrer Park near Molalla. Oregon chub had not been documented in the Molalla basin previously, he said.
Since 1991, ODFWs Native Fish Investigations Program has conducted surveys at more than 50 locations in the lower Willamette in an attempt to locate this species, without success.
Then in 2013, NFI partnered with the Molalla River Watch to identify and survey additional locations in the Molalla River basin. Bangs said Kay Patteson of Molalla River Watch worked with biologists during the investigation.
Oregon chub thrived in off-channel habitats such as beaver ponds, oxbows, backwater sloughs and flooded marshes. But nonnative fish species, such as largemouth bass and bluegill, devour the tiny Oregon chub, and are common in the off-channel and slow flowing habitats preferred by the chub.
The chubs defenses are to dive into vegetation and hide, but thats the same area the bluegill and bass hunt, he said.
The impact of nonnative fish, combined with the alteration or loss of many off-channel habitats and changes in river flow due to the construction of the Willamette dams, led ODFW biologists to believe that Oregon chub were completely killed off in the lower Willamette.
Now, this Molalla basin finding extends the range of Oregon chub 70 river miles north. Although populations were historically documented below Willamette falls, the current known distribution is close to the historical distribution of Oregon chub.
The Molalla basin has a lot of alluvial flood plain that people have not destroyed yet there are no dams on the Molalla its a natural system, Bangs said. So I got interested in surveying the system and talked to Kay. She got me information and helped my motivation to get going on this.
Bangs said a big problem in finding Oregon chub is that they hide out in aquatic vegetation.
There is a lot of river out there, and we are talking about a minnow thats an inch and a half long, he said. So with all those streams, its a needle in a haystack.
Bangs joked that the world record Oregon chub measured about 3 and one-half inches. But the chub are important to the sustainability of Oregon rivers. Being tiny, they are low on the food chain, and are a food source for trout and salmon at least they were, before the bass and crappie moved into the river basin, he said.
But with this find, Oregon fish biologists are feeling optimistic.
Even though they are small fish, they are abundant, so when we find some of them, we know there are more, he said. Get a small beaver pond, and it can support thousands of chub. They are a food source for trout and salmon, but are over-predated by nonnative fish like bass.
NFI biologists are planning to seek out and collaborate with partners in the Molalla basin in 2014 and beyond to sample additional areas. In addition, NFI will seek out public and private landowners who are willing to allow introductions of Oregon chub into suitable habitat, to increase the number of populations and add resiliency for the species.
The places where we find chub are also refuge habitat for salmon and trout in winter, productive habitat, Bangs said. So if the community continues supporting these kinds of habitat, you will see more trout and salmon. They are a natural part of the river itself. When people are supporting chub, they are supporting trout and salmon.


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100 Years of Grand: The Grand Canyon Centennial Project
A digital archive celebrating the Centennial of the Grand Canyon National Park. A collaborative project of the Arizona State University Library, Cline Library, Northern Arizona University and the Grand Canyon National Park. Additional materials are available via the project website.
- Atlantic and Pacific Railroad
- 1 Jackson, William H.
- 1 W.H. Jackson and Co.
- 1 English
Mime Type
Resource Type
- 1 Image
- 1 still image
- 1 Public
Date Range
- Tertiary History of the Grand Cañon District with Atlas
- History of the Grand Canyon National Park
- Stage Coach Trip to the Grand Canyon, 1895, by Josephine Frankenberg of Tempe
- Letter from A. E. Demaray, National Park Service to Carl Hayden
- Letter from Carl Hayden to J. R. Eakin, Grand Canyon National Park
Black and white stereograph card of a man sitting on an outcropping and overlooking the canyon. Circa 1879.
- Contributors
- Jackson, William H., Atlantic and Pacific Railroad, W.H. Jackson and Co.


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'Nocturnes' for wordless choir and chamber orchestra.
Daniel, I just listened to your Seascapes and I'm very impressed with it! I like the direction you're going with your music. Congrats on all of your compositions! I look forward to hearing your music recorded by the London Symphony Orchestra one day.
Just listened to Seascapes.Very nice! I really enjoyed it. The use of glissandi was also interesting in that context (though in *Sibelius the glissandi sound might not always be as accurate as it should be). I'm assuming the glissandi somehow represented the up-and-down waves of the sea?*it was Sibelius that you use, right?I don't know if you showcase your scores to the public or not, but just in case you do, I would be interested in reading them...
I will be interested in hearing this one, Daniel.
Great job, Daniel ! keep going !I especially enjoyed the Romance for Piano.
. . . and then, I recieved my first commission which was from the Misbourne Symphony Orchestra to write a piece for their 50th anniversary season. I wrote for them my 'Rhapsody for Orchestra' which was premiered by the orchestra in the first concert of the season in November. It was such an amazing experience, the first time I had ever heard an orchestra perform my works in concert... and recieving the applause and cheering from the audience was so special!
Well, that was an especial coup; bravo, Daniel!I look forward to checking out these samples of your work! Thanks for getting your thread a-going.(The title, though, does make me think Hogan's Heroes, FWIW ; )
I hope I'll be able to play some of your piano works in future too, it would be very nice!I'm listening to Seascapes just now: it sounds beautiful (the beginning is very melodious and evocative, I love the atmosphere the orchestration creates), but I'll be able to judge it better at the end I would prefer not to risk passing judgement, but I think this could be definitely one of your best compositions!
Just seen your youtube comment, Ilaria, thank you for your kind words! I hope you have a wonderful evening! And I hope my Christmas card arrives to you as soon as possible!
My pleasure; as I wrote on Youtube, I extremely enjoyed the work, it's very beautiful, hat off! The Christmas card has not arrived yet, can't wait to receive it; I hope mine arrives as soon as possible as well!Have a nice evening and Christmas too
Thank you so much Ilaria, I am so glad that you enjoyed it! Yes, well, I hope it arrives tommorow so that it is in time for Christmas! If not, it can be a 'Happy New Year' card. Thank you Ilaria! Best Wishes!
It was a pleasure, there's nothing better than listening to good music Of course, don't worry! The thought was extremely kind, I will be happy to receive it in any case! Mine cointains a little musical quote, but I'm not sure you will catch it..... Thank you too Daniel! All the best!
Count me as a fan of 'Seascape' too - loved the 'Tapiola-like' section but done with great originality - had me gripped throughout
How wonderful, a musical quote! I hope it's Mahler! Grazie, Ilaria.
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Fabric to cover gobos, walls and so on
This folders collects some interesting links. This does not mean that there aren't others with equal quality or prices.
- ACOUSTONE Grill Cloth (Fabrics)
Msg 4361: Acoustone Fabrics are designed for acoustical panels, wall treatments and ceilings. Acoustone's "transparency" to sound makes it ideal as a covering for speakers. Or, apply Acoustone to a wall or any surface that can absorb sound.
BLANKS - Marylands largest Fabric Center
Msg 4822: Blanks Fabrics - Maryland's largest fabric center since 1904 offers to all home sewers, quilters and craft makers its service for tracking down those hard to find fabrics and textiles from around the world. Blanks stocks thousands and thousands of fabrics for fashion wear, quilting, bridal, costuming, set design and home furnishings
FLAME SEAL products
Fabric Gallery On-Line Store
Msg 4285: Lots of choises/colors Burlap + lots of other Fabrics
Flame retardant products (liquids, coatings, etc.)
Msg 4344: SFoster - This firm has product lines for either natural or synthetic fabrics. About $30 a gallon = 300 sf or less than $1 per yard.
INTERFACE Fabriks Group: Guilford of Maine's products
Msg 4218: Acoustical Options Fabrics; Professional fabrics with improved or special flamability/fire properties
http://www.guilfordofmaine.com/index.cf ... n=products
Melded Fabrics North America
Wall Covering textiles from Melded Fabrics are a fashionable complement to any interior design. Thoroughly tested to meet key flammability, acoustic and durability standards.
http://www.meldedfabrics.com/index-wc.a ... d=1&Key=wc
Laminated Glass - Windows + some related info/articles
Some Major producers in this field (includes acoustic data), Links lists to suppliers and glass related articles. The articles give a good idea about the mass-spring and coincidence related to windows.
- An on-line guide to suppliers in the glass industry.
An guide to Glass, Window & Door products and retailers.
Article: Sound Transmission through Windows
Abstract: The influence of typical window characteristics on sound transmission are discussed.
General info related to laminated glass.
A Link List related to laminated glass. Check the site to find other stuff as an address list of architectural laminated glass suppliers.
NGA National Glass Association
Check the Industry links page. An impressive recouse related to glass.
Peerless - Acoustical Windows
Selection Guide - Gives a bit an idea about STC values of commercial windows.
Pilkington Glass - Architectural Technical Bulletins
A huge collection of technical bulletins related to glass
http://www.pilkington.com/the+americas/ ... efault.htm
Pilkington Noise Control Homepage
Pilkington is a huge English producer (also glassfiber) represented all over the world
http://www.pilkington.com/europe/uk/eng ... 12720e.htm
Saflex Laminated Glass
Also check out the acoustical guide of Saflex. You can download this, as well as other guides. It's free but you must register.
Saflex Laminated Glass
Laminated Glass while originally designed for safety purposes, is often used as noise insulating glass.
Saint-Gobain Glass
This Glass is world-wide produced and distributed (an incredible huge group) often with other comercial names. Use this link to find local distributors and info. Saint-Gobain has a patent on new developped laminated glass (expensive, but the best in existance for sound insulation, certainly for thick panes, it's called STADIP SILENCE))
http://www.saint-gobain.com/en/html/soc ... tivite.asp
Saint-Gobin Glass - Stadip Silence
This .PDF file shows the difference between the patented PVB foil of Saint-Gobain and standard PVB (standard laminated glass). Look at figure 1. This possitive effect becomes more important when using thicker panes, certainly for music. I studied this phenomenon in function of EC (European Comunity) buildings (translation enclosures) in Brussels
http://www.solaglas.co.uk/teachins/acou ... nglish.pdf
Mineral wool products (glassfibre, rock & bazalt wool)
This covers Links to mineral wool producers and often suggested products. This does not mean there aren't others with equal prices and qualities.
- CertainTeed Corporation (a Saint-Gobain company)
Certainteed is a doughter company of the Saint-Gobain group (one of Europ largest insulation and glass producers, over 175000 employees)
Gives some dimensional info for standard glassfiber products
How glassfibre and rockwool is made
This link just shows some simple pictures, how glassfibre and rockwool are produced.
http://www.isover.com/gb/frameset.asp?b ... rubrique=1
ISOVER glassfibre
One of the largest European glassfibre producers belonging to the Saint-Gobain group. However establishments can be found world-wide.
ISOWOOL - The worlds leading Acousic & Thermal insulation
A British producer (joint venture between Isover, the insulation division of Saint-Gobain and British Gypsum.
List of North American Mineral Wool producers
NAIMA is a trade association of North American manufacturers of fiber glass, rock wool, and slag wool insulation products. NAIMA members manufacture the vast majority of fiber glass, rock and slag wool insulations produced and used in North America.
Owens Corning 700 Series Insulation
Probably the most referred product line in this Email list, including the panels 702, 703, 704 and 705.
http://www.owenscorning.com/comminsul/p ... &System=83
Owens Corning Acoustic Systems
Note: link does not belong here, but kept with other Owens Corning Links. QuietZone® acoustic products to manage sound and control noise + System of acoustic products to literally tune a room for the most authentic sound possible.
Owens Corning Pipe Insulation 1200
A tipical material to make optimum tubular (1/1, 1/2, 1/4 tube) absorbers. Using them in tri- or two-corners results in extreme high low frequent absorption.
http://www.owenscorning.com/comminsul/p ... &System=83
Europs (French) largest insulation and glass producer group (175000 employees in 50 countries worldwide, with more than 1000 companies). A lot of insulation material brands and Glass brands belong to this group even when you don't know it.
TONTINE Fibres, Foam and Blankets
Tontine is a leader in the manufacture of polyester materials for use as thermal and acoustic insulation for commercial, industrial and domestic applications. This is a typical Australian product. Looks good, certainly the blankets.
Thermafiber SAFB
Msg: 4284 This company, somehow connected to US Gypsum, produces the SAFB mineral wool by US Gypsum adviced as alternative for standard used very low density glassfiber, in order to get improved low-frequencie TL values (most important for music).
What You Should Know About Insulation
This link is a general FAQ about insulation
Other often mentioned products
The inclusion of a link in this folder does not mean that those products should be advisable or not. It only includes links to materials often discussed in the list.
Perforated Gypsum board
Perforated gypsumboard acts, dependant of the position, size, array of the holes partly as a Helmholtz resonator, partly as a broadband absorber. It can be a good solution to combine low-frequent absorption, with mid- and high frequent diffusion/scattering..
- Danoline - Scandinavian Gypsumboard producer.
Danoline is owned by the world-wide known KNAUF Group
Gyptone tiles and planks
British Gypsum (BPB) - A unique combination: Acoustics and Aesthetics.
http://www.british-gypsum.bpb.co.uk/PDF ... t_p(1_1_02).pdf
Perforated Gypsum regulates sound
An interesting .pdf document explaining the use of perforated gypsumboard.
http://www.danoline.com/uk_version/prop ... ustics.pdf
Special Coatings, Caulk etc
- Elastek
Decking Coatings, Roof Coating, Wall Paint, Stucco, Waterproofing etc.
Studiotips: Material equivalents at the mother site
Explains some standard size conversions, and alternative names for comparable products (often geographical defined).
British Gypsum
British Gypsum produces a range of more than 1000 individual products, components and accessories, marketed under leading brand names; Gypframe, Gyproc, Glasroc , Thistle, Arteco and Isowool *, all of which provide the standards for the industry. You should study the complete site. It includes lots of data, documents and CAD drawings
Concrete Masonry
Concrete Masonry Block Types: Sound Cell (Sound Absorbing Block)
Unit Converter
While not diectly belonging to this folder, the difference between Imperial/US and Metric units as pcf versus kg/m3, can be an annoying thing. This Award winning, very good FREEWARE Unit Convertor can help a lot as a standard tool on your PC.
http://www.joshmadison.com/software/convert/convert.zip eric


text: Norfolk Southern LEGACY SD70 M-2 #2658 EMD's SD70M-2 meets strict diesel locomotive emission standards on today's railroads. ElectroCouplers LEGACY Control System Lighting Smoke Unit Odyssey System II LEGACY RailSounds SKU: 6-34612 Dimensions: Length: 17 ½" Gauge: Standard O Scale price: 549.99 year: 2011 rail line: Norfolk Southern Minimum Radius: O-36 Catalog Year: 2011 Catalog Title: Lionel 2011 Signature Edition Road Number: #2658 LEGACY SD70M-2 DIESEL - 4/11 LEGACY Control System equipped – able to run in LEGACY Control mode, in TrainMaster Command Control mode, or in Conventional mode with a standard transformer Odyssey II Speed Control with On/Off switch LEGACY RailSounds sound system featuring: - CrewTalk dialog and TowerCom announcements, each with different scenarios depending on whether the locomotive is in motion or stopped- Six official railroad speeds with CrewTalk dialog- Eight diesel RPM levels- LEGACY "Real-Time Quilling Horn" control with instant quilling and correctly timed warning signals- Single hit or continuous mechanical bell sounds Front and rear ElectroCouplers Powerful maintenance-free motor with momentum flywheel Refined Conventional Transformer Control Mode with lower starting speeds Traction tires Fan-driven smoke unit Adjustable smoke output Directional lighting including LED headlights Operating marker lights Illuminated number boards Illuminated cab interior Oscillating ditch lights Ground lights Die-cast metal trucks, pilot, and fuel tank Metal frame High level of separately applied metal details Engineer and conductor figures Manuals Find the latest manuals in our support section. Replacement Parts Buy any replacement parts in our support section. Contact Contact a service station to fix your product


text:
FRFI 182 December 2004 / January 2005
David Yaffe sums up its contribution to the struggle for socialism in Britain
Our newspaper Fight Racism! Fight Imperialism! (FRFI) is 25 years old. The name of our newspaper is itself a political statement. It declares that fighting racism and imperialism must be at the heart of any socialist movement in imperialist Britain. It is a position that has directed the political theory and practice of the Revolutionary Communist Group for over 25 years.
From our first issue in November-December 1979, a consistent revolutionary anti-imperialist standpoint has determined the political content of FRFI. The core positions have not significantly changed but have been expanded and made more concrete as political experience and practice has forced us to develop them. The political outcome of struggles has often been different to what we had wanted and expected. The optimistic outcome that we fought for has frequently been set back by the opportunist forces mobilised against any militant working class or anti-imperialist movement. We have confronted such developments and learned the hard lessons from them for future struggles, as can be seen from the pages of FRFI.
What are these core positions? First and foremost, at the most general level, we are Marxists and materialists. The capitalist system, by restricting production to the narrow limits of profit making, is a crisis ridden system. It can never satisfy the basic needs of the vast majority of humanity. Capitalism necessarily turns into imperialism, a worldwide system of brutal exploitation of the oppressed nations by a small number of rich, powerful capitalist nations – with the majority of the world's population living in poverty while a small minority squanders unprecedented wealth. As a result, capitalism creates the seeds of its own destruction, forces from among the working class and oppressed which have an interest in overthrowing it and replacing it by socialism – a system which organises the production of wealth on a socially organised basis.
Our understanding of capitalism allowed us to recognise from the beginning that globalisation was not a new stage of capitalism but a return to those unstable features of capitalism which characterised imperialism before the First Imperialist War. There has been a frenetic international expansion of capital which has had devastating consequences for the vast majority of humanity. Far from being a beacon of unhindered capitalist development, as many left intellectuals have maintained, globalisation is a sign of economic decay and increasing instability in a world of obscene and growing inequality. It has led to wars and will inevitably bring resistance and revolution.
FRFI is published in the oldest imperialist country. The imperialist character of Britain has been decisive in determining British economic and political developments. Britain is still a major imperialist power, second only to the United States. The high monopoly profits that a small number of imperialist nations derive from the super-exploitation of oppressed nations makes it economically possible to create privileged sections of workers in imperialist countries. These workers, a labour aristocracy, constitute the social basis of opportunism. Imperialism creates a split in the working class. The upper stratum of the working class now dominates the British labour movement and ties it to imperialism – the economic foundation of its status and privileges. The labour aristocracy expresses itself politically through the Labour Party and it controls the trade union movement. FRFI has always regarded the Labour Party as a racist, imperialist party. Alone of the main publications of the British left, FRFI called on workers not to vote Labour in the 1979 elections and has consistently argued this position over 25 years. FRFI was able to point out what the Blair Labour government would be like well before the 1997 election. Seven years of an openly racist, imperialist and warmongering Labour government have underlined the fact that no anti-imperialist or socialist movement can be built unless the British left makes a fundamental and irrevocable break with the British Labour Party.
Imperialism is at the root of racism in the world today. Racism is the form that national oppression takes in the imperialist country. The imperialist nations brutally exploit and impoverish the oppressed nations then erect a barrier to keep out immigrants/ refugees/asylum seekers fleeing from the resulting war and poverty. FRFI has always opposed all immigration controls and the RCG has played a central role in many anti-racist and anti-deportation campaigns from the Earlington Family Defence Campaign against police brutality in Islington, North London in 1980, through the four-year-long Manchester-based anti-deportation Viraj Mendis Defence Campaign in the 1980s, to the anti-racist marches in Haringey, North London in 2001.
At the time of our first issue British imperialism faced a growing political and economic crisis. This found expression in the war in Ireland, the assault on the liberation movement in Zimbabwe, British support for the racist government in South Africa, the racist offensive against black people in this country and attacks on working class living standards, in particular the offensive against the public sector. In all these cases it was the oppressed masses and poorer sections of the working class who were bearing the brunt of the attack and who were fighting back and resisting. From these developments we drew certain important political lessons which are guiding our political practice today.
Precisely because of the daily experience of their lives in Britain, of British state brutality and repression, of poverty wages and unemployment, the oppressed sections of the working class will have few illusions about the character of the British capitalist state or imperialist governments, whether Labour, Tory or Liberal. They are therefore the key to the development of an anti-imperialist movement and socialist movement in Britain. Their struggles can begin to unify the working class against racism and imperialism and against the pro-imperialist, anti-working class sections of the British labour movement. FRFI has made this point consistently over 25 years; building a movement against the brutal occupation of Ireland throughout the 1980s in alliance with Irish workers in Britain; demanding an end to British support for the racist apartheid state in alliance with black workers and immigrants in the 1980s; calling for British imperialism out of the Gulf in alliance with Turkish, Kurdish, Arab, Palestinian and Asian workers in the 1990s and in the attempt to build an anti-imperialist current in the anti-war movement to bring British troops out of Iraq today.
The British imperialist state fears the success of liberation movements in oppressed nations. Its economic position and political credibility in the world would be severely weakened if it could not maintain its domination over them. The resistance movements in the oppressed nations are weakening imperialism; an anti-imperialist movement in this country in unity with these struggles can deal a decisive blow against British imperialism. That is why FRFI has always given complete and unconditional support to the liberation movements fighting imperialism and we have supported their right to defend themselves by any means necessary. We stand by our record on Ireland, on Southern Africa, on Palestine and Iraq.
Through our work in solidarity with Irish prisoners we came to support the struggles for the rights of other prisoners. Every issue of FRFI since the early 1980s has carried a Prisoners Fightback page and our principled work on this issue is unique on the British left.
One area where our position has significantly developed was in relation to our support for the socialist countries. We had no illusions about the reactionary nature of the imperialist-backed Solidarnosc movement in Poland, and we understood the devastating effect that the collapse of the socialist bloc in Eastern Europe would have on the international working class movement, the oppressed nations and the vast majority of people in the Soviet Union. FRFI argued in autumn 1990 that far from moderating imperialism's predatory character, the collapse of the socialist bloc would remove all restraints on imperialism's drive to carve up and divide the world. FRFI has consistently supported the socialist revolution in Cuba and has reported on the concrete measures that the Cuban Communist Party has taken in building and advancing socialism at home, on the leading role it has played in opposing US imperialism and on its exemplary internationalism towards the oppressed nations impoverished by imperialism.
Finally from our first issue we argued that the main organisations of what we called the British petit bourgeois left, including the Communist Party (now dissolved), Militant (dissolved), the International Marxist Group (dissolved) and the SWP, were a major obstacle to the building of an anti-imperialist movement based on the working class and oppressed in this country. In issue after issue we showed how these organisations consistently attacked the resistance of the oppressed, whether liberation movements taking up arms to defend themselves, black youth fighting police on the streets of British cities with stones and petrol bombs, miners' hit squads dealing with scabs breaking the strike with police protection or poll tax protestors defending themselves against police violence. Apart from the Communist Party, whose demise followed the collapse of the Soviet Union, these organisations or their offshoots have consistently attacked the socialist countries, including Cuba, supported Solidarnosc in Poland, the defeat of the Soviet Union in Afghanistan and the collapse of Soviet bloc countries.
While attacking all these forces for not being 'socialist' enough they have refused to break with the racist, imperialist Labour Party and called for a vote for the Labour Party in General Election after General Election. They have one standard for the oppressed and another for themselves and their imperialist allies. Little wonder that over the last 25 years, every attempt to build an anti-imperialist movement has been thwarted by these forces, most recently demonstrated through the devastating failure of the Stop the War Movement in Britain. We have to break from the reactionary politics of these left organisations.
These then are the lessons drawn from 25 years of political campaigning around FRFI. If they are learned and acted upon then we can move forward to build a socialist movement that the working class so desperately needs in this country.
What you can do in Britain is not only read FRFI, but also join us in building an anti-imperialist/anti-capitalist movement that will place us alongside all those forces fighting imperialism and building socialism internationally.
25th Anniversary
FRFI fighting fund
Every donation counts!
Fight Racism! Fight Imperialism! is a fighting 25 years old. Alone on the left, it has fought Labour racism and imperialism. Alone on the left, it has stood in solidarity with the Irish freedom struggle. It has organised with those fighting state racism. Alone on the left it has given a voice to those fighting the rotten racist prison system. Now there is a rising tide of anti-imperialist struggle – in Palestine, Iraq, throughout Latin America. Imperialism faces a huge crisis. Labour old and new is exposed as the party of war. We need to develop FRFI to give a voice to those who are fighting back here in Britain, for those who will have no truck with Labour. For this we need your contributions. Please help us raise £10,000 over the next four months so that we can carry on the struggle against racism and imperialism.
Send your donations payable to Larkin Publications to :
FRFI, BCM Box 5909, London WC1N 3XX.


text:
Friday, March 14, 2008
2 More Words....
Here's something I wrote almost one year ago about the word "disgusting";
Kirstie Alley was on the Oprah show. It was the first time she had been a guest since losing, supposedly, about 75 lbs.. ( I think it was more 90, because I think she lied about only weighing 213 originally. That woman was at least 245 if she was a pound! And it looks as if she has gained a portion of that back)Oprah showed her a "before" picture of herself and asked her how she felt when she saw pictures like that. Her response was, "OH MY GOD, I WAS SOOOO DISGUSTING!!" And she went on, and on, and on, and on about how disgusting she had been. I was appalled at her response.
Even though I had already lost my weight, I could still indentify with people that hadn't yet. All I could think of was all of the people in the audience (in person and viewers) that were overweight hearing her go on an on about how disgusting she thought she was. Did that make them disgusting? That was what I felt she was implying. She wouldn't shut her mouth about it, even Oprah started to get uncomfortable. Since then I have ceased to be a fan of hers (Ms. Alley).
When talking about that show the next day at work, I was explaining how mortified I was at her response and said, "Doesn't she know that there are people still out here fighting the fight?"And that included me.I never once felt that way about myself....that I was disgusting. Yes I was fat, and I wasn't as attractive as I could be, but that was such a small part of who I was. My "fatness" was a reflection of my emotional struggles with food, not a reflection of my heart and soul, my intelligence or talents. When I see people overweight, I never think that they are disgusting, they're just eating too much of the wrong foods and probably not exercising and they haven't come to the point of wanting to something about it yet. That's it.
And although I've changed some of the words I now use, and think about, like "struggle", "issue"...I have even changed my opinion of this "fight" I used to think I was fighting, (maybe I was at the time)....how I feel about the word "disgusting" is the same.
Who decides what is disgusting or pathetic? We do. I choose to not think of myself in those ways, or think of others in that way.
4 comments:
You're right, Tracy. Words can be powerful and that's not a way to talk about another person.
- March 14, 2008 at 9:28:00 AM PDT
- Tracy Reifkind said...
Or yourself, which is another point!
- March 14, 2008 at 9:40:00 AM PDT
- Mark Reifkind said...
great post,again, honey. really good and important for people to realize that their judgements about how other people, or they themselves look, are self imposed, when it really comes down to it.
when you were heavy it really made me look at how much I loved 'you', not just your body or the way you looked. and that realization made it much easier to be even more compassionate to others in the same boat.and this applies to many other things as well as weight: age, infirmity or other issues that are easy to place judgement upon.
- March 14, 2008 at 10:24:00 AM PDT
Yes, that's another excellent point that we can be our own worst enemy with our internal dialogue.
- March 15, 2008 at 9:50:00 AM PDT


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Berry Fresh cafe
We are an organic cafe that is looking to sell cook at home organic meals. The goal is to move this site from an informational restaurant site to a rotating online meal sales website.
Id like to keep a lot of the original wording but also make a more hardwood type theme. I want it to have a green healthy design with images of nature. I also would like it to be a subscription website where food will be delivered weekly with an easily changed weekly menu
1st page a landing page shows existing cafe and online food
2nd page On The Menu whats coming for that weeks meals
3rd Page sign up and pricing
This will be an organic home meal delivery system that is not associated with the actual restaurants menu. Must be easy to update and add weekly meals after site is complete


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4 people shot, killed in Jacksonville home
Sheriff's Office: 'A killer is on the loose'
JACKSONVILLE, Fla. – Two men and two women were shot and killed late Thursday night in a Jacksonville home and police said, "A killer is on the loose."
At 10:50 p.m. Thursday, the Jacksonville Sheriff's Office responded to a call by neighbors who heard multiple gunshots on Randolph Street.
When police arrived, they found four people shot. Three were pronounced dead at the scene; the fourth was transported to UF Health Jacksonville, where she later died.
The victims' names were not released.
Detectives are canvassing the area looking for information.
"We want any witnesses, anyone who may have heard someone talk about something, like they were going to do something, please contact police," said JSO spokeswoman Melissa Bujeda.
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GCH CH R and G's Mystical Dancer
The Sahuaro State Kennel Club's day two show gathered many of the best in the west today including the English setter, GCH CH Oakl;ey's B'Dazzled, the Bloodhound, GCH CH Quiet Creek's Kiss and Tell, the Boxer, GCH CH R and G's Mystical Dancer, the Wire Fox Terrier, GCH CH Steele Your Heart, the Pug, GCH CH Winsome-Nirvana-Blaque Triple Play, the French Bulldog, GCH CH Lebull's New Hope Wooly Bully, and the Australian Cattle Dog, GCH CH Carben Copy's If The Shoe Fits.
It was our DOG2WATCH, the Boxer, Danny, taking home his first BIS of the year. Danny has been consistent performer so far this year with several important group placements in Palm Springs CA and Portland OR, keeping Danny in the early rankings race. Congratulations to breeder/owner/handler Kimberlie Steele-Gamero, breeder/owner Gayann Jones, and owners Roberta & Roberto Bezerra, Barbara Bachman, C Desmond, & Gary Steele.


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Cute and cozy Bolton accent chair in haki brown fabric. Other colors available.
Model: Bolton Haki
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Istikbal (former Sunset), now part of a Hudson group is a very known Turkish brand furniture in the US. Its premium quality and unique functional styling make it one of the top furniture brands in the Northeastern US.


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Fruit (100 grams)
Percent Sugar
They say that time changes things, but you actually have to
change them yourself.
There are at least a million excuses not to exercise and I've used all of them. I'm too tired. I'm too hungry. I just ate. I have too much work. I'm on vacation. Maybe, if I feel like it after this show is over . . . or the next show . . . But the king of all the excuses is I'm too busy or I just don't have the time. Well, I'm afraid Tony Horton's new 10-Minute Trainer™ program has blasted that excuse right out of my repertoire. I'll admit that when I heard about the 10-minute workouts I was skeptical. After all, how much can 10 minutes a day move the needle when it comes to personal fitness? But when the Beachbody test group statistics started coming through, the results were pretty eye-opening. People were losing pounds and inches just by squeezing in one or two high-intensity workouts a day into their schedules.
Tony Horton's trained all kinds of people, from CEOs to celebrities to stay-at-home moms. And the common complaint among of all of them is that they don't have the time to spend on exercising. So throughout his 20-plus years of training, Tony has figured out how to adapt his workout techniques to create effective exercise routines so that those with the tightest schedules can still get the tightest bodies. Now with the release of 10-Minute Trainer on DVD, we can all benefit from Tony's experience. They may not be the easiest 10 minutes of your day, but they'll definitely be the most effective.
And these workouts are being released on the heels of a new study by the Journal of the American Medical Association that has found that 10 minutes of exercise every day provides tremendous cardiovascular benefits. The researchers studied 464 post-menopausal women who were overweight, suffered from high blood pressure, and led largely sedentary lifestyles. They found that the women who exercised 10 minutes a day increased their cardiorespiratory fitness by 4.2 percent, a fairly significant amount. And they were just incorporating a little light walking into their routine.
Tony's 10-Minute Trainer routines involve a lot more than light walking. And they will get you a lot more results. Tony uses his Super Stacking Technique™, which layers fat-burning cardio, total-body toning and sculpting, and ab work into one routine. The workouts seem like they would be impossibly hard in theory, but you do so much in such a short amount of time, the workouts just fly by. You don't realize how intense they really are until days later when your jeans start falling off. And while you would think that to get those kind of results you would have to gut out some pretty painful exercises, the workouts are actually fun!
Keep reading for another testimonial about the latest addition to the Beachbody family from Beachbody CEO Carl Daikeler himself!
Everybody thinks that as a CEO of a fitness company, I must be a fitness guy. The opposite is true. I'm just like the next guy. I don't like working out. There are a thousand things I'd rather be doing. Lack of time is the biggest complaint people have, and I have the same issue. I've got no time!
Luckily, my good friend and fitness trainer Tony Horton has spent the last 20 years helping all sorts of busy clients from celebrities to soccer moms, and even CEOs like me, find the time to get in shape. He's renowned in Hollywood for getting actors tight, lean, and camera-ready fast.
People found that by using Tony's exclusive Super Stacking Technique™, they were able to get results quickly and stay motivated. The ultimate test was to see if their jeans fit better, and they did. Jeans don't lie. Still not convinced? Here are my top 10 reasons why you should give it a try.
10 Things You Will Experience with Tony's 10-Minute Trainer
- You won't believe you can get results this dramatic in just 10 minutes.
- You will do the first workout; and you'll find it so simple to follow that you are now even more certain there's no way you will get results as dramatic as we promised.
- You will read through the diet plan, and be shocked at how easy it is to understand.
- You will wake up and have no excuse, so you will work out . . . for 10 minutes.
- You will feel good throughout the day, actually having finally gotten some REAL exercise into your schedule.
- You will easily incorporate the diet guide into your choices.
- After two weeks, someone will ask you if you are on a diet.
- They will laugh at you when you tell them you work out 10 minutes a day.
- After a month, that person will ask you again how you are losing the weight. When you tell them, they will ask you for the Web site so they can buy the program too.
- They won't believe they can get results as good as you have in just 10 minutes, but since you proved it, they will try, and they will succeed.
If you'd like to read more thoughts from Carl and get the inside scoop on what's going on at Beachbody, check out his blog here.
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"No Time to Work Out? 7 Ways to Find the Time"
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"Recipe Tips for the Lazy Chef"
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Almost everywhere we go we're reminded that we need to eat better. We can't take a trip to the grocery store, read the paper, or browse the Internet without being reminded that we're getting fatter and less healthy, and how we need to change our dietary habits. Along with this obvious information, we're also given a smorgasbord of options that all promise to turn the tide on the obesity epidemic. Some of these are reasonable, but most are marketing gimmicks that are often expensive, rarely effective, and sometimes border on the bizarre. Below, we offer five simple, traditional, money-saving, and effective ways to take control of your diet.
Related Articles:
"10 Foods You Should Eat"
"7 Foods with Healing Power"
"The Great Diet Soda Debate"
"8 Tips for Storing Fresh Foods"
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Check out our Fitness Advisor's responses to your comments in Steve Edwards' Mailbag on the Message Boards. If you'd like to receive Steve Edwards' Mailbag by email, click here to subscribe to Steve's Health and Fitness Newsletter. And if you'd like to know more about Steve's views on fitness, nutrition, and outdoor sports, read his blog, The Straight Dope.
Rank the following fruit pastries from highest to lowest fat content. Don't forget Steve's wise words above: Eat more fruit [natural fruit, that is].
*Percent Daily Values (DV) are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. Your daily values may be higher or lower depending on your calorie needs.
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ST. LOUIS — Boeing is consciously taking a departure from its normal design process in coming up with a concept for the forthcoming U.S. Air Force T-38C replacement competition.
This process could help shape the company's bids for other Pentagon competitions to come — such as the Unmanned Carrier-Launched Surveillance and Strike (Uclass) and next-generation bomber.
The very fact that the company is planning to compete with a clean-sheet design is viewed by some analysts as bold. Senior Air Force officials have said they want to proceed with a program at the lowest possible cost and risk. The likely candidates are thought to be the existing designs now being pitched by foreign suppliers — BAE's Hawk-based concept, the Korea Aerospace Industries/Lockheed Martin T-50 and Alenia Aermacchi's M346. These companies all tout their designs as inexpensive because the development costs have already been paid by other customers.
The ability to build something new is an advantage, though, according to Chris Chadwick, president of Boeing Military Aircraft. "We are going to try to disrupt the market with a purpose-built platform that provides the right capability at the right cost at the right time for the customer," he tells Aviation Week.
Chadwick says the company has embraced a "one Boeing" concept that has allowed for improved collaboration among the different business units – including Boeing Commercial Aircraft and the various divisions of the Defense Space and Security sector. This has facilitated an unprecedented amount of best-practice sharing as well as lessons from failed work.
And, an "immersive development," or Imdev, concept is allowing for collaborative design work using virtual tools across the company.
This push, coupled with a variety of options for T-X, gives company officials confidence in their approach.
"When you're starting with a clean piece of paper you're unconstrained; when you're starting with an airplane that's already in flight test or in some stage of production you're dramatically constrained," says Darryl Davis, president of Boeing's Phantom Works advanced development unit. "but [we've] got unlimited degrees of freedom here… We would contend, potentially, that for the same amount of investment and a different approach to balancing what's on the ground with what's in the air, you could make a different trade; whereas if the airplane is already built you can't make that trade."
With its T-X procurement, the Air Force is looking to buy a full, fast-jet training system that will ready pilots for service in the F-22 and F-35. This will include the aircraft as well as a robust, ground-based suite of coursework and simulation-based training.
Davis notes that since Boeing is not bounded by the capabilities of an aircraft that already has been built, the company can tinker with the balance of what learning can be done on the ground and what must be done in high-cost flight hours.
What is unclear is just how much research and development funding Boeing plans to sink into its development before bidding a design to the Air Force. Significant financial pressure at the Pentagon is forcing the service to reduce its R&D spending as much as possible. Boeing may have to underwrite some of its design work, as it is doing with the KC-46A development, to balance out the cost of its design with that of one of the off-the-shelf options flying today.
Company officials declined to outline how far along they are in detailed design work and how much funding they are willing to put into their design for T-X.
— This article first appeared in Aerospace Daily & Defense Report.
— By Amy Butler


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Congratulations Tiana and Daniel from Columbus, Ohio, for finding each other on Zoosk! Without further ado, behold their adorable love story, sent to us from lovely Tiana herself:
I met my dream man (and hopefully one day my husband) here on Zoosk on Christmas Eve, 2009. I had just gotten out of a 3-year relationship with my daughter's father and decided to see what Zoosk was about! So I set up my profile and started to get winks and messages. I saw Daniel's profile and was instantly attracted to him! He had no shirt on and was covered in tattoos (and tattoos are really hot to me)!
The only problem was that I didn't know if he would be interested in dating a black woman with two kids, knowing that he had no kids and that I was 4 years older. But I decided to leave him a message and I told him that I thought he was hot and that I loved his ink! Well the next day, Christmas, I checked my messages and didn't expect to hear anything from him. But there it was! A message from Daniel telling me that he thought I was a sexy chocolate mama! So that made me smile, of course.
So we started chatting on Facebook. Daniel told me wasn't looking for a relationship at that time because he himself had also just gotten out of a three-year relationship too. Neither of us had been involved with anyone for 8 months. He was more looking for a friend and I was okay with that. Since this was over the Christmas holidays, Daniel was in Tennessee at the time visiting family, while I was in Ohio. He told me that he would be coming back to Ohio within a week. He left me his number, but I didn't call right away. When I finally called, his voice was amazing! We talked on the phone for 2 hours that night, and the next night we talked for 4 hours!
When we finally met, over a week later, our first date was great and simple, just drinks and laughing. Our second date was two days after my 34th birthday, and Daniel showed up with a huge bouquet of the most beautiful flowers I had ever seen! He was such a gentleman! He opened the car door and the restaurant door for me and was just great (and he is still doing that)! Soon his family started wondering who he was spending so much time with and coming home with smiles! So about 3 weeks later (and several home-cooked meals from me) I met his family. His dad took about 12 of us out for dinner and it has been amazing!
Daniel decided that I was wife material on Valentine's Day! Our relationship is wonderful, so much so that one of my coworkers is already planning OUR WEDDING! I am so glad that I got on Zoosk and met Daniel and his wonderful family! They have welcomed me and my kids into their home, as my family did to Daniel.
And to think it all started with me loving his tattoos and having the courage to tell such a hot younger guy that I loved his ink! Thank you Zoosk!
-Tiana W. from Columbus, Ohio
In her approach to dating Daniel, Tiana did a lot of things right:
(1) She says that she had "courage" enough to talk to Daniel, and that's how their relationship started. Zoosk girls, let's give Tiana a round of high-fives for making the first move.
(2) Daniel and Tiana chatted online first, before talking on the phone, and then they talked on the phone for a while before meeting in real life. It's a good idea to take things slow in online dating and to make sure you actually have interest in someone before you meet in real life. Getting to know someone online also helps build momentum and excitement once you do meet IRL.
(3) Tiana was willing to let her relationship happen naturally. Both Tiana and Daniel had just gotten out of long-term relationships, so they kept things between them low-key at first. What started as friendship turned into love, and with love, it's good to be patient and let things unfold naturally. Good things happen to those who wait.
So, Congrats Tiana and Daniel! You're inspiring to us all. Send us your wedding pictures 🙂
PS: If you have a Zoosk success story you'd like to share about finding true love online, send it over to met [at] zoosk [dot] com and we'd love to feature your story on our blog! Best of luck, Zooskers! <3


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A former Treasury official says that in their haste to write and pass a major tax overhaul, Republican are creating bountiful opportunities for tax avoidance in the future.
Greg Jenner, who served as Deputy Assistant Secretary for Tax Policy in the George W. Bush administration, told Politico: "The more you read, the more you go, 'Holy crap, what's this?' We will be dealing with unintended consequences for months to come because the bill is moving too fast."
House Ways and Means Chairman Kevin Brady says he's aware of some of the problems and will be using the reconciliation process to "fine-tune" the final legislation.
But there isn't much time, with Republicans aiming to have the bill on President Trump's desk before Christmas. "You can never catch all the implications," Jenner said, and the "problem is magnified exponentially when you're rushing through like this."
A Republican lobbyist agreed, telling Politico, "It's crazy. I don't think anyone could explain it, let alone comply with it" by the time the new tax bill takes effect on January 1.


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Chateau,You have done an interesting analysis. I have a few additions for nonstop flights to Frankfurt:Detroit NW52 1710 0720+1 UA9197 1810 0755+1Philadelphia US5601/LH427 1805 0805+1Miami LH463 1605 0650+1 None of these is a United or American flight. However, I can think of no law that says that the Amazing Race first leg is solely with UA or AA. That is a custom and tradition that is broken whenever it is convenient, most recently with TACA for AR11.
International carriers almost exclusively appear to change their US departure and arrival times by one hour during this period, as you might expect. So a flight that leaves London at say, 430p and arrives LAX at 730p would have arrived at 830p for last week only. US carriers, however, dont seem to treat it the same way all the time.Looking at American, for example, most flights do appear to change flight times in the US whether it be an arrival or departure. But the London to Chicago flights all change their London departure times in order to keep connections in the US. To make things even more confusing, the return flights from Chicago actually change their Chicago departure times. Look at JFK, however, and the London flights change both their US departure and arrival times. As you can imagine, arriving into the US an hour later means missed connections and longer waits for the next flight.Delta deals with this by changing their non-US flight times. So, US connecting times remain intact. But this begs the question . . . how do they get Frankfurt to let them change times for a week? If anyone has more information on this, let me know in the comments section.From The Cranky Flier
I'd like to make the following really wacky prediction: The race starts in San Francisco on October 31st!The teams are sent off with these flights:Five teams on:UA 88 leaving SFO at 1:03 pm, arriving EWR Newark at 9:33 pmSwiss LX 19 leaving EWR at 10:50 pm, arriving in Zurich at 11:35 amSeven teams on:UA 900 leaving SFO at 1:48 pm and arriving in FRA Frankfurt at 8:45 amSWU 1071 leaving FRA at 10:15 am and arriving in Zurich at 11:20 am
USA to >>? to Switzerland to Bucharest to>> ? Turkey? or Greece? or Egypt? any ideas?
Quote from: puddin on November 07, 2008, 01:21:26 AMUSA to >>? to Switzerland to Bucharest to>> ? Turkey? or Greece? or Egypt? any ideas?I would love if they go to Egypt! They haven't been there since TAR5!Actually this will be the first race that started in Europe in a really long time. How does the continent pattern usually go? Would it be Europe --> Africa --> Asia --> South America --> USA?
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This Blog focuses on Ancestor Stories, both the stories themselves about my family's ancestors and discussions of where they come from and how to prepare and share them. These stories may be non-fiction or fiction – we will always tell which is which, of course. Also see my KINNICK blog and The HOMEPLACE Series Blog, left sidebar, scroll down.
Wednesday, May 5, 2010
Wordless (nearly) Wednesday - My Three Daughters
7 comments:
How proud you must be. Three beautiful daughters.ReplyDelete
Very nice Bill, thanks for posting this. Any of them into genealogy?ReplyDelete
They each are interested, in their own ways, for different reasons. Probably the best way! ;-)ReplyDelete
One of the strengths of your family group is varied talents and skills represented; that is why we have chosen to expand the family publishing company, founded by the older daughter and her husband, that my wife and I both work with, to include the other girls as well, moving forward. Very nice group! ;-)
Vision to Action Publishing, I forgot to mention the name. "Back to the Homeplace" is the first novel, but V2A has been publishing text books for over 15 years.ReplyDelete
Thank you for posting this lovely photo of your daughters...made me smile. - DionneReplyDelete
Twenty some years ago... I won't get more specific, unless one of them chooses to do so... ;-) Very proud of each of them!! ;-)ReplyDelete
Beautiful girls Bill, I know you are proud of them!ReplyDelete


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|Jepson Flora Project: Jepson Interchange
previous taxon |
next taxon
Jepson Interchange (more information)
©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
Annual, perennial herb, or ± woody, generally hairy
Leaves simple to compound, basal and cauline; cauline alternate or opposite, stipules present
Inflorescence: cyme or umbel
Flower bisexual, radial or ± bilateral; sepals 5, free, overlapping in bud; petals 5, free, with nectar glands at base; stamens generally 5 or 10; staminodes scale-like or 0; pistil 5-lobed, chambers 5, placentas axile, styles 5, fused to axis, columnar in fruit, stigmas atop axis 5, free
Fruit: segments 5, dry, 12-seeded, separating from each other and then from column; fruit body dehiscent on 1 side or not; part of style persistent atop ovary and separating with it, curved to tightly coiled when dry
Genera in family: 14 genera, ± 750 species: temp, ± tropical. Some cultivated for ornamental, perfume oils
Reference: [Robertson 1972 J Arnold Arbor 53:182201]
Family description, key to genera by M.S. Taylor.
Annual, perennial herb
Leaves palmately lobed or divided; upper alternate or opposite; blade generally round in outline, base generally cordate, ± hairy
Inflorescence: cyme; flowers (1)2
Flower: sepals awned or not; stamens 10, outer 5 opposite petals, inner 5 alternate petals
Fruit: body dehiscent, generally ovoid, 12-seeded, base rounded; style column narrowed at top below free stigmas, forming a beak in fruit; part of style persistent to fruit body glabrous to puberulent on side facing column
Species in genus: 250300 species: temp, tropical mtns
Etymology: (Greek: crane, from beak-like fruit)
Reference: [Jones & Jones 1943 Rhodora 45:526;3253]
Some ornamental, cultivated for oils. Native per (especially G. californicum, G. richardsonii ) vary regionally, are often difficult to separate, need further study.
Stem ascending to erect, 28 dm; hairs rough, spreading to pointed downward, generally glandular above
Leaves: lower 815 cm; blades 26 cm wide, deeply dissected into 57 linear to oblong segments, upper half of segments lobed
Flower: pedicels 610 mm; sepals 47, short-awned; petals ± = sepals, ± notched, rose-purple
Fruit: body 23 mm, minutely bristly; style column 1215 mm, beak 23 mm
Seed deeply pitted
Chromosomes: 2n=22
Ecology: Open, disturbed sites
Elevation: < 1200 m.
Bioregional distribution: California Floristic Province
Distribution outside California: to e N.America; native to Europe


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|Summary of reviews :
|Room :
|Facilities :
|Service :
|Location :
|Hotel room status:
Na Tara is a tropical hideaway that offers
the serenity of very private deluxe resort set in a lush tropical oceanfront retreat.
It is perfect for a romantic getaway or
just to take sometime off with your loved ones, away from the hectic lifestyle.
The Na Tara resort is one of the most exclusive luxury boutique beach
resorts on Thailand's Elephant Island.
Superior Cabana
Private outside area equipped with sofasSpacious and airy the superior bungalows feature with a large outside veranda. It ensures that you have a great night sleep. The rooms are cooled by the waterfall and gently flowing creeks passing through the zone. The Cabana is conveniently located within a short walking distance to the beach bar and coffee house.
Ocean Front
Private outside area equipped with bean-bags and cushions facing the seaThe Ocean Front suite supports two single beds and a large outside relaxing area featuring a large lockable interconnecting door to adjacent suite. The door can be opened to create one single outdoor area for two or more neighbours.
Sky Terrace
Private outside area equipped with sofas, bean-bags and cushions facing the sea / A large lockable interconnecting balconyThe Sky Terrace is our one-of-a-kind master beachfront retreat with panoramic views of Koh Chang beach. It is simply the most romantic spot with breathtaking views of the ocean. Stargazing on your moon deck with a perfectly chilled bottle of your favorite wine, guests can enjoy a private rooftop retreat. Each suite features a large private outdoor terrace that can be opened to create area for two or more neighbours, well suited to a family group or for a party of four, take it all and have the best of both worlds.
Premier Suite
Private outside area equipped with sofas, bean-bags and cushions facing the sea / A large lockable interconnecting door to adjacent suiteNa Tara one bedroom suite has all the comforts of home including a luxury bedroom area, two bathrooms, separate living room area and kitchen. All fixtures and fittings are finished to the highest of standards. The separate luxury lounge and outside chill out area are as in the picture. The suite contains everything that you would expect to find a luxury apartment and more.
The Chang Tara restaurant
The Chang Tara restaurant features a spectacular view of the swimming pool area and the sea, as well as serving up a tasty selection of local and international cuisine including Thai, Chinese, Japanese and European dishes, with concentration on healthy lifestyle choices. All meals are prepared using the freshest ingredients, most sourced locally. Relax in the restaurant and enjoy the wide selection of food that the Chang Tara has to offer.
The Beach Bar
There is situated next to the main complex and provides the perfect way to pass away the evening with new found friends and family while sipping your favorite cocktails and listening to the gentle sound of the waves below.
The Coffee Home
There is situated next to the main complex and provides a wide range of coffee's as well as snacks and delicious fruit drinks. Whether the day is spent sunbathing, swimming in the ocean, or just relaxing at poolside, be sure to treat yourself to our fine selection of Thai and International cuisine at our "Chang Tara", Oceanside restaurant.
OPEN Daily 9.00 AM - 6.00 PM
Private Dining
Add a touch of magic to your holiday with an evening of private dining. Whether you would like an exclusive beach BBQ with your family or a cocktail party with friends, we will gladly fulfill your private dining request.
|The Chang Tara Restaurant
|The Beach Bar
|The Coffee Home
|Private Dining
Meeting & Conventions
Na Tara combines business with pleasure. The meeting room offers panoramic views and is fully equipped with all the necessities to conduct a perfect meeting. The room can accommodate up to 100 people, adjustable lighting and sound system are all included. Our meeting room is simple and versatile and can support all styles of meeting ensuring a perfect proceeding every time.
|Swimming Pool
|Swimming Pool
|Beach Chairs
|Relax at terrace
|Meeting Room
|Located next to the view point on the quiet and
tranquil east side of the island, Na Tara resort offers
luxurious accommodation with magnificent sea views.
Sheer cliff faces and emerald jungle offer the
perfect back drop to one of the best locations on the island.


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As for many people, 2011 was a year of financial reckoning for me. Not only was I underemployed, earning about one-third of what I had before, but my student loans from graduate school began to come due, and for the first time in my life, I had to look hard at every dollar I spent — which also might explain why I am in a significant amount of credit card debt.
Before this year, I had this idea that I could spend whatever I wanted, since I was making such great money at my last job, and I expected that amount would keep going up every year, which it did — until it didn't. More interesting than my financial particulars is how I budgeted; not only what I got rid of, but what I kept (while still maintaining my dark green lifestyle). I offer this as information; I am just learning the real financial ropes, and certainly don't think anyone should follow what I do. But I always find it helpful to hear about what other people do — specifically — to stay within budget.
What I cut out:
1. My home phone was $22 a month ... for what exactly? I don't know who needs a home phone anymore, but I don't.
2. More than one cocktail out, unless it's a serious, special occasion. If I know I'm going to meet people for drinks, I usually have one at home before I leave, and always choose a delicious, high-end, bartender-spent-six-minutes-concocting-it beverage to sip on. If I'm going to pay for alcohol, I want it to be fabulous and not something I could make myself.
[Related: 20 unique ways to save money]
3. Health insurance: I could have cut my phone and eaten cheap food to afford health insurance, but since I usually see alternative health practitioners, and have basically disavowed Western medicine at this point (it's been a decade since I've taken an antibiotic or any kind of pill beyond aspirin) this works for me as I was paying out of pocket for my occasional alternative doctor's visits anyway. I realize that this is not an option for many people, but it is for me, for now. I'm going to be thankful for my good health every day and keep up the healthy foods and exercise.
4. Personal trainer: I asked a lot of questions and learned so much from my trainer, and made real gains in strength and stamina over the last few years, even as I've gotten older. But it's just too costly to keep going. My gym now offers "small group" personal training, where two or three people can pool together for training, and I might try that a couple times a month. In the meantime, I'm trying to vary my workout up as much as possible, and to channel my trainer's reminders about form when I'm lifting weights and using the various balls and balancers at the gym.
5. Yoga classes and Spin classes at spin-only gyms (I adore FlyWheel and I've heard SoulCycle is great, too). At $28 a class, even with the packages, it's just too expensive. I've been taking a spin class at my gym instead, which is less hardcore and less fun, but also free. I signed up for yogaglo for yoga classes, and at $18 a month, it pays for itself if I just use it once a month — and there hasn't been a week yet where I haven't done 3-4 classes in my living room.
6. New shoes: I have always invested in good boots and shoes, so this year I'm just wearing my existing pairs. I have resoled a couple of my favorites, and so far, I don't feel like I'm missing much. My boots especially just keep on keeping on.
[Related: How I brought my monthly electric bill down to $5]
7. New bed linens: I really kind of need new sheets and towels, but you know who sees these things? My roommates, me, and my boyfriend, and I'm sure none of them care as much as I do. So I'm waiting on these items, and sheets especially DO get softer and prettier over time, after all.
8. Music: I have been enjoying Pandora and putting up with the annoying ads. And this is only a half-truth; I did buy about 15 albums last year, but that's one-third or less of what I bought the year before. Whenever I have a bit extra, I tend to spend it on new music, and I believe in supporting musicians when I can — they bring a solitary writer such daily enjoyment and inspiration.
What was worth keeping:
1. Netflix: With free streaming movies and TV shows, and discs for the things not online (I have the 1 DVD at a time plan), it costs just as much to drive to the theater and watch one movie as keeping my Netflix for a month. There's so much on offer that even when I was sick for a couple of days, I still found plenty to watch. Who needs cable?
2. My iPhone mobile phone plan: I travel and spend half my time at my boyfriend's place in the city, and my family mostly lives abroad. I also run two websites and contribute to three others, so I need to be able to access them — and my email — at all times from my phone. I also have a terrible sense of direction and the iPhone is the only service that provides a free GPS (you have to pay for the feature on a Blackberry, bringing costs up, even though overall plans are cheaper). I just can't do without my iPhone.
[Related: Where to find coupons for natural and organic products]
3. Organic fruits and veggies: I still shop at farmer's markets and Whole Foods for produce — my health affects how I feel every day, and determines how well I will be into my old age. Healthy food is the VERY last thing that will go, no matter how small my budget gets. I refuse to compromise my health — and I think my healthy eating habits are the foundation for my general wellness. I grew up on local meats and eggs, honey from my backyard, and veggies from a giant organic garden my grandma tended. I can't tolerate cheap, processed food and this is one place I haven't cut back at all.
4. Espresso drinks and good chocolate: Fair-trade, high- quality coffee and cacao shouldn't be cheap — I've seen both plants growing in their native habitats and they are labor-intensive and take space and care to grow without destroying the environment. Cheap chocolate and coffee pollutes land and water, and takes advantage of already poor people, and I refuse to take part in such a system. A well-made cappuccino or cortado takes skill and finesse that's worth paying for. And I always tip the barista — my budget woes are no excuse to be a cheap tipper.
5. Travel. I've never traveled extravagantly — I find many high-end resorts to be so sterile and boring anyway. But all my extra money this year (precious little) is going towards continuing my adventures abroad. New places and faces are the things that make me the happiest in the world, and so I'm scrimping for my next trip (and using up all those air miles I've carefully put aside for times like now).


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Hobart Brothers Welding Tips Poster - Welding Tips
Free Stuff...
Hobart Brothers has created the fourth in an ongoing series of free educational welding posters, addressing the 10 most common welding problems and their likely causes and solutions. Using color diagrams and concisely written explanations, the poster is a handy reference tool for both professional and educational welding environments.
The problems discussed apply to MIG, FCAW, SMAW and TIG welding. Included in the poster are discussions of the following welding problems:. Porous welds. Cracked welds. Undercutting. Distortion. Spatter. Lack of fusion. Overlapping. Poor penetration. Magnetic Arc Blow. Inclusions
This poster and the previous three posters in the series, "Types and Positions," "AWS Classifications" and "Tensile and Impact Strength," are also available in Spanish.
The posters, measuring 28X 22-inches, are available free of charge by contacting the Hobart Brothers Information Center at (888) 462-2789 or email the company fulfillment center at firstname.lastname@example.com. For product spec sheets or to learn more about Hobart Brothers products, visit Hobartbrothers.com, call 1-800-424-1543, fax 1-800-541-6607, or write Hobart Brothers Company, 101 Trade Square East, Troy, OH 45373.