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Who: Ricky Romero, No. 24. Left-handed starting pitcher. 6'0", 215 LBS. 27 years old.
Provenance: East Los Angeles, California. Drafted as out of Cal State Fullerton by the Blue Jays in the first round (6th overall) of the 2005 draft.
Contract Status: Signed five-year $30.1 million extension with the Blue Jays in August of 2010. Deal runs from 2011 through 2015, and includes one club option for 2016 at $13.1 million.
Career Stats: 3.60 ERA and 1.30 WHIP in 93 starts over three seasons with the Blue Jays. In 613.0 innings pitched, has struck out 493 batters (7.2 K/ 9), walked 241 (3.5 BB/9).
2011 Stats: 2.92 ERA, 1.14 WHIP, 178 strikeouts (7.1 K/9) and 80 walks in 225 innings.
Looking Back: The most impressive aspect of Ricky Romero's 2011 season is hard to locate in his stat lines or game logs. Certainly, the career best marks that he posted in ERA, WHIP, strikeouts and innings pitched show that RickRo took an important step forward last season in becoming a bona fide staff ace.
But what sticks with us more than anything was Romero's resolve in the final six weeks of the season. At that point, Romero was well beyond any innings pace that he'd ever previously posted, and his stuff and control began to elude him. There were times where early in counts, he just wasn't locating pitches as well as he wanted. He went deep into counts, walked batters, gave up a few extra runs, ran up his pitch count, and got knocked out before reaching the seventh inning in a number of those games. But even with those struggles, Romero bore down and limited damage, pitching smartly and working his way out of jams with guile and smart pitch selection.
People can define the term "ace" however they want. But for us, a pitcher's ability to focus and work his way through and out of difficult situations while saving the bullpen and keeping his team in the game are truly the hallmarks of that role. And that's precisely what Ricky Romero did for the Jays last year.
Looking Forward: While there were a number of high water marks for Romero last year, his strikeout and walk rates have remained relatively similar over all three of his major league seasons. Which raises the question as to whether if there wasn't some luck involved with last year's ERA.
Romero's fielding-independent pitching stats insinuate that his output might not be all that it appeared, and if you are going to cling to those FIPs and xFIPs when dreaming up your happiest Brandon Morrow thoughts, then it probably makes sense to note that Romero posted an xFIP of 3.80 last season. That's not a bad mark (21st in the American League, if you must know), but there's enough of a gap in the wrong direction between it and Romero's ERA to make you wonder if a slight slip back might be entirely predictable.
Romero's success will depend in part on the defense behind him, and while there are positions that look as though they are improved (centrefield and third base), there are others that might be slightly diminished (second base and left field).
Given that uncertainty, Romero's strikeout rate will bear some scrutiny this year. If he can bump it up above eight per nine without running up his pitch count, he may be able to avoid any
2012 Expectations: Even if he adds a half a run to his ERA in passing, it probably wouldn't be a crushing blow to the Jays' ultimate level of success. Romero's ability to take the ball every five days and grind out more than 200 high quality innings will be the more vital contribution to the Blue Jays' season.


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Dot to Dot Free-motion Challenge Quilting Along
Free-motion Challenge Quilting Along: Dot to Dot
Are you ready to connect the dots and create intricate free-motion quilting designs with no marking? Then this challenge is for you!
Welcome to the Free-motion Challenge Quilting Along where we work through a quilt, learning new techniques and improving our Free-Motion quilting skills.
In the newest challenge, learn how to use my Dot to Dot quilting technique in all areas of your quilt; including the blocks, borders and backgrounds. By the time we are finished, you are going to be inspired to start connecting the dots on all your quilts.
Even though we are quilting geometric designs, a machine quilting ruler isn't required for this challenge. I'll demonstrate how to quilt the designs with and without a ruler, on a sewing machine as well as a longarm.
This 6 week challenge starts on October 1st with a video released each week
- October 1st- The Diamond Design
- October 8th- The Starburst Design
- October 15th- Diamond Design Variations
- October 22nd- Starburst Design Variations
- October 29th- Dot to Dot Borders and Backgrounds
- November 5th- Dot to Dot Blocks
Get the Kit:
Wanna quilt along with me on the same quilt? Get the kit and let's get quilting!
Kit Includes:
- Fabric to make the quilt top, backing and binding
- 2018 "Quilting Therapy" license plate to use as a label
- Optional Coordinating thread collections, so that your quilting will look as fantastic as possible. Choose between Glide, a 40 wt poly thread, or Aurifil, a 50wt cotton thread.
- Quilt pattern and marking instructions will be emailed to you.
As always the videos and the challenge, is completely free!
Click here to sign up for my email newsletter to be notified of new videos and to get free quilting tip and diagrams. (If you were signed up for any of the prior quilting alongs, there is no need to sign up again)
Cheer each other on and get even more free-motion quilting inspiration join our Facebook Group, by click here.

subset: commoncrawl


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Fairfield's Sandy relief fund gets $140K infusion
A local relief fund set up to aid Fairfield residents who suffered serious damage from Superstorm Sandy has received a $140,000 boost from the Robin Hood Foundation.
The fund was set up by the town in the wake of the late-October storm, with applications processed by Operation Hope, the local nonprofit that manages programs for the homeless and in transitional housing.
As of the beginning of this year, $95,263 already had been raised from contributions from individuals and families, local businesses, civic organizations, houses of worship and the Fairfield County Community Foundation.
"We applied for these additional funds to the Robin Hood Relief Fund to help the town reach more people affected by the storm," said Carla Miklos, executive director of Operation Hope.
Of the Robin Hood money, $100,000 will be allocated to address urgent housing needs, including house repairs, home contents replacement and emergency financial assistance.
Another $25,000 will go toward a temporary, part-time case manager to work with storm victims over a longer term.
The remaining $15,000 will be designated for overhead costs associated with Operation Hope's food pantry and community kitchen, which have seen a 17 percent increase in meals and a 22 percent increase in pantry volume since the storm.
Relief funds can only be used to assist Fairfield residents who suffered direct storm damage to their primary residences, not businesses.
As of last month, Miklos said 13 applications had been received and seven approved, with a total of $13,211 disbursed in aid to cover needs not covered by insurance or the Federal Emergency Management Agency, such as replacement washers and dryers, basement cleanup and mold remediation, and replacing mattresses and box springs.
Most of those grants have been for about $1,200.
"Many people are still struggling to rebuild in the wake of this devastating storm," said town Community and Economic Development Director Mark Barnhart, who serves on the application review committee. "Some are wrestling with the really difficult decision of whether they even can or should rebuild. We know it's hard and we're here to provide whatever assistance we can."
Barnhart said the town continues to work with the state and other disaster recovery organizations to bring manpower and material resources to aid the local shoreline cleanup.
One problem, he said, is that some residents are reluctant to ask for help because they feel there are others who are worse off.
"Let us make that judgment if you are struggling," Barnhart said. "That's what these funds are here for, and people shouldn't feel ashamed to accept the help offered by their friends and neighbors."
Miklos echoed those comments. "We hope that those who read this will let their friends and neighbors know that the fund exists to help them with their unmet needs," she said.
For assistance or more information, contact Operation Hope at 203-292-5588.


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Two White Mountain Goats
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There is a long tradition of alcohol in Astronomy. Tycho Brahe was a great imbiber. Beer Crater (actually named after the imminent selenographer, Wilhelm Beer) on the Moon may well be ultimate site for a brewery one day. But when the cirrus starts getting thick, what's one to do? True, you can only recollimate your mirrors so much.
I for one, like to retire to ye-ole-internet and blog about my astro-exploits over a tall frosty one. Or maybe visit our Astroguyz YouTube companion site, which in of itself is a blatent plug for Astroguyz at YouTube, and debunk a few UFO videos.
As of late, my wife has noticed an abundance of astronomy themed drinks and ales. We started to smell the makings of… you guessed it… an Astro-alcohol blog post. Douglas Adams, in his book "Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy," notes that alcohol is a organic compound that has "an intoxicating effect on certain carbon based life forms…" Hopefully, you'll be enjoying these recipes in moderation. Here it goes…
Speaking of Hitchhiker's guide, it also goes on to state that the best drink in the galaxy is the Pan Galactic Gargle Blaster. The listed ingredients, however, are out of this world;
Recipe-Pan Galactic Gargle Blaster
- Take the juice from one bottle of that Ol' Janx Spirit
– Pour into it one measure of water from the seas of Santraginus V.
– Allow three cubes of Arcturan Mega-gin th melt through the mixture(it must be properly iced or the benzene is lost)
– Allow four litres of Fallian Marsh gas to bubble through it.
– Over the back of a spoon float a measure of Qalactin Hypermint extract.
– Drop in the tooth of an Algolian Suntiger.
-Drink…but…very carefully.
So, what's a technically correct, astro-nerd to do? Over the years, several approximations have been tried and now survive enshrined on the web;
You'll also notice the ingredient substitutions of Zaphod's favorite drink run the gamut. Following in that tradition, I've concocted my own ad hoc recipe, using what's lying around (hey, it's expensive to restock a bar):
Janx Spirit- 1 part Rum
Measure of water- Ginger Ale (fill to taste). Incidentally, it would be interesting to work out the physics of a world with diet Ginger Ale oceans!
Mega Gin- 1 part Gin
Marsh Gas- 1/2 part Pomegranate Liquor
Hypermint Extract- 1/2Triple Sec
Tooth of Sun Tiger- 1/2Sambuca
Zamphuor- powdered sugar
Olive- Certainly, a terrestrial olive would suffice. But my own extensive bartending knowledge would suggest that a sweet drink such as this might call for a cherry!
Searching the web brings up several other interesting astro-themed drinks.
A traditional Black Hole;
1 1/2oz black sambuca.
Fill with ice and club soda in a hi-ball glass.
Perhaps standard, or "white" sambuca could produce a white hole in a parallel dimension?
For something of a more cosmological bent, try a Big Bang;
1 part absinthe (beware the wormwood!)
1 part sambuca
1 part vodka
The volatile concoction may spark another universe into existence, or at least one within your skull!
For all fellow debunkers out there, here's a classic UFO;
1 part gin
2 parts lemon soda
Mix, stir, drink, watch the skies and repeat. The Little Green Men will be landing, shortly.
Closer to our own solar system, I give you the Bailey's Comet;
1 part Buttersctoch shnapps
1 part Baileys (Or any Baileys knock off!)Irish Cream
1 Part Goldschlager
1 part floating (ie poured over the back of a spoon) sambuca
Light accordingly. Sprinkling cinnamon and nutmeg will cause the combustible concoction to "sparkle!" True, flammability and intoxication may not also mix; always keep an extinguisher handy, lest you earn a Darwin award!
Which brings us to the world of Astro themed ales. One of our personal favorites here at Astroguyz is known as Blue Moon. A Belgian White wheat ale, this one has a smooth, ultimate finish. The coriander and orange peel spices give it a crisp flavor. And, unlike its namesake, which only comes around when two full moons fall on one calendar month (I know, a recent Sky & Telescope article made the situation much more complicated, but when comes to assigning significance to trivia, does it really matter?) Blue Moon ale is much more common in this reality.
Another astro-themed wheat beer I've yet to try is white Dwarf Ale…
and speaking of Ales, to try some of that fabulous Romulan Ale, long since banned in the Federation, head to Star Trek: the Experience, at the Las Vegas Hilton. Unfortunately, I thought that the gift store spoiled the illusion a bit at Quark's bar. They could have made it a much more convincing alien bar. At least until you notice the blue-haired grandmothers at the slots…
And in closing, I'd like to christen one more drink, an Astroguyz original. Several years ago me and some barracks friends of mine came up with a concoction, a variation of an Alabama Slammer. I'd like to call it a Hypernova: (I'm pretty sure that ones' not taken, yet!)
1 part Southern Comfort
1 part Amaretto
1 part Sloe Gin
1 part creme de banana
Fill with Mango juice
These are delicious! Possible substitutions could be Grenadine for the Sloe Gin, Orange Juice for the Mango Juice, and for the more adventurous, Drambuie for the Southern Comfort.
So, there you have it, plenty of drinks to fuel an astro themed party, or at give that special twist to any late night cosmological discussion. Let us know how any of these experiments go, as well as any homemade astro-recipes. And be sure to not operate heavy machinery, like large aperture telescopes, under the influence!
The links:
The Black Hole:
Star Trek: the Experience in Vegas:
The Big Bang:
For tons of science, physics, and astronomy themed drinks (including the Bailey's Comet);
And finally, UFO themed drinks;
: http://dandare.wordpress.com/2008/01/10/ufo-themed-cocktail-drinks/
Stay tuned for more Astro themed drinks, both from fiction and reality! Next week; its back to the science: hey, is that bigfoot on that thar Martian landscape?
This article has been submitted to the June 25, 2010 edition of Happy Hour Friday, a weekly end-of-the-week cocktail carnival.


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Flu season intensifies in Mississippi schools
Students returned to class Monday
As the flu season intensifies in Mississippi, schools are on high alert.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, most of the country is seeing widespread cases of the flu, including in Mississippi.
Rankin County and Jackson public schools welcomes students back to the classroom on Monday.
Some school nurses are calling this flu season the worst they have ever seen.
"We're seeing a high volume of children coming in with fever couch headache stomachache things like that," said Melanie Gardner with Rankin County schools.
Jackson Public School officials said they've been on guard since the swine flu outbreak.
Custodians are constantly wiping down classrooms.
One doctor said he's seen a record number of kids come down with symptoms.
"It's crazy. I mean we've had so many people that had been diagnosed with the flu this year it's almost an epidemic here in Mississippi," said Dr. Timothy Quinn.
Quinn said smaller kids are getting sick quicker, he believes, because they are touching thing like a basketball in the playground and not immediately washing their hands.
"You know children, they play with little toys and they pass it on, you know, when they cough they may not cover their mouth. They have more contact with one another and their immune systems are not quite as strong," said Quinn.
All these medical professionals have similar flu advice. Wash your hands constantly and if you catch the flu, stay home.


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Consensus Report
Scientific Value of Arctic Sea Ice Imagery Derived Products (2009)Polar Research Board
Each report is produced by a committee of experts selected by the Academy to address a particular statement of task and is subject to a rigorous, independent peer review; while the reports represent views of the committee, they also are endorsed by the Academy. Learn more on our expert consensus reports.
During the 1990s, environmental scientists and members of the intelligence community collaborated to consider potential uses of classified assets and data to advance the understanding of environmental change. This program collected classified overhead imagery at six sites around the Arctic basin. Hundreds of unclassified products derived from those images have been produced but not yet released to the public. The National Research Council has reviewed the derived products, and reports that they show detailed processes that are important for studying effects of climate change on sea ice and habitat -- data that are not available elsewhere. The report recommends that the products be released as soon as possible to the scientific research community.
Key Messages
- Several hundred unclassified LIDPs with a nominal resolution of 1 meter have been produced from the images collected at the 6 Arctic sites.
- These images are unclassified but are not yet released to the public.
- These images, when released, could lend themselves to a wide range of studies leading to significant improvements in the way in which sea ice physical processes are represented in climate models, as well as understanding changes in ice habitat.
- Three categories of LIDPs are of particularly high priority for dissemination and publicity efforts: (1) all six sites during 2007-2008, (2) all from the Barrow site, and (3) all from the Beaufort Sea site


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Rarely does a moment come along in which a President's entire stay in office, and history's subsequent portrayal of that time, is encapsulated in a single act.
When that angry arab journalist threw a shoe at Bush, I felt a mixture of emotions. Happiness, that someone had finally tried to bruise the President, and sadness that it wasn't me.
History will vindicate that Arab journalist.


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There will be a lot of things you know and remember about Coachella Music & Arts Festival that have stayed the same.
The can-bring-ins and can't-bring-ins are still there, and important as ever. Things like Record Store Day, and the mammoth moving sculptures dotting the grounds. And the heat.
Wait. We take that one back. The 10-day weather for Indio puts the temps in the mid-80s. That's nearly sweater-weather at Coachella, right?
U.S. & World
But here are three new quick things, if you're going and you like new:
The Rose Garden. Billed as the fest's "newest" attraction. Flowers and VIP-ing hobnobbing. Already feeling tranquil.
Down & Derby, that tube-sock'd roller party much-associated with Echoplex, debuts. It'll be in the camping area, and you'll roll into the wee smalls. Note: Do not arrive with your own skates. No. Thursday-Saturday, 10 p.m to 3 a.m.
Coachella app for iPhone, which has the overhead maps, which we mentioned liking.


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A couple hours ago, the StyleDemocracy team had the opportunity to check out the Tommy Hilfiger Surf Shack Pop- Up Shop located at Queen and Soho in the heart of downtown Toronto.
When you come up to the Surf Shack pop up it's very cool. The concept really makes you feel like you're in California, and your moments aways from the beach. The Pop up shop is housed in a classic surfer van and is beautifully styled. It offers shoppers the ability to shop Tommy Hilifiger's Surf Shack collection (which is in stores now) and curated vintage pieces that have inspired Hilifiger in the past.
If you're out and about downtown Toronto this weekend, don't miss out on an opportunity to check out this fabulous shopping experience


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Cry me a river — It's
They turn to each other and, if the nightstand is any
Xena Warrior Chefbian
That's right, four women and four men remain. Lord, that's
G.I. Padma — Greeting
Padma tells them they are upping the ante. From this point
The teams shake out as such: Fork — Richard, Stephanie,
Capable cooks? Now that's what I call team spirit!
The culinary Olympics


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Watch While You Eat
I was in an electronics store recently and I bore witness to the clearest sign of the apocalypse I have seen yet. No, not "Maid in Manhattan" on DVD. I saw a refrigerator with a TV in it.
Someone did not open a fridge and place a TV inside. No, this was a TV embedded in the door of the refrigerator.
I can understand keeping a TV in the kitchen so you can watch something while you cook or do the dishes. But how dependant on TV do you have to be that you can't miss 30 seconds to get a sandwich? I know you wouldn't be getting a salad because people that fridge TVs appeal to don't generally eat those.
Let's say you would buy this as a space saving measure. That would make sense if flat screen TVs didn't already exist. You can get a flat screen TV and a fridge for less than it costs to get a fridge with a TV in it.
The only reason to spend a few hundred extra for a set embedded into the door of your fridge is if you feel you can't miss whatever it is you're watching long enough to open it. If you're hungry, take a break from the program and make some lunch. Preferably a light lunch. If your version of technology is combining your television and your refrigerator (and I'm just guessing here) you might have a weight problem.
Or maybe I'm wrong. Maybe the fridge TV is helping.
"Before my fridge TV, I used to sit on the couch watching television while eating whole sticks of butter and drinking bacon grease. But now I make smaller portions and walk the twelve feet into my kitchen to get more food without missing any programming. With this new system, I'm burning three or four calories a day. Thank you fridge TV! You're helping build a better me."
You know what the worst part is? Half of you reading this are thinking, "really, a fridge TV? That's kind of cool." And those same people are wondering why the TV is only on the outside of the fridge, since that means you can't open it AND watch at the same time.
There's a commercial where a guy is watching soccer on TV. And has so many TV sets throughout his house he doesn't have to miss a play. They're on the ceiling, in each dresser drawer, and in his medicine chest. You know what's the great part about that commercial? It's a joke. They're kidding. They don't think you'll really take it seriously.
What do you think the people with fridge TVs are watching? Do you think anyone's Kenmore is playing a jazzercise video? That the fridge TV people are sweating to the oldies? No way. Every last one of those sets is playing Dr. Phil telling the owner that it's okay to be fat and happy. And they'd say, "amen, Dr. Phil!" but their mouths are too full from that last stick of butter.
It is okay to be fat and happy, but only if you're healthy, too. Which is possible - but I don't think anyone with a TV set in their refrigerator is taking their vitamins or riding a bike or playing touch football in the park. People with fridge TVs (and I'm just guessing here) are eating and watching TV and teetering one happy meal away from that great Dr. Phil special in the sky.
Imagine that. Getting there and coming face to face with god or Yahweh or whatever you call the force that gets you through the day, and having to explain that you died because you led a lifestyle that required a television set embedded in your refrigerator.
And you know what will happen? As the great judge looks down from his throne, the guy in line behind you will say, "really, a fridge TV? That's kind of cool."


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Are you sure you want to logout?
Discover our range of Braun Silk-épil epilators. With continued use, Braun epilators are virtually pain-free, so you can achieve smooth skin and long-lasting epilation with ease.
Our fastest and most precise epilator ever, the Braun Silk-epil 9 Wet & Dry epilator removes even the shortest hairs that wax cannot catch for up to 4 weeks long lasting salon-smooth skin. Attach the deep exfoliation brush and reduce ingrown hair with an exfoliation performance that is 6x more effective than a manual scrub alone. The gentle exfoliation brush visibly refines your skin for an irresistibly smooth and silky feeling. The shaving head is great for removing hair even in the most sensitive zones. The latest addition to the family: The deep massage pad for significantly better blood circulation and visibly improved skin appearance.
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The Smartlight reveals even the finest hairs and supports extra thorough hair removal.


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The Doctor Who Appreciation Society are organising a special launch day to tie in with the release on DVD of Pertwee tale Day of the Daleks.
Taking place at Riverside Studios on the 4th September, the event will see the new, CGI-enhanced version shown on the big screen, plus guest panels with both members of the original cast and those working on this new version of the story. There is also the chance to buy the DVD and have its sleeve signed by those present during autograph sessions.
This event is being presented by permission of 2|Entertain, and tickets are free to anybody wishing to apply - full details on how to get tickets and more information about the afternoon may be found via the DWAS website. Please note that guests will be announced nearer the event.
The Day of the Daleks special edition was originally announced by 2|Entertain at last year's DWAS event, Time and Space.
Update 27th June: the event is now full - all applications received up to today are being processed, but no others can be accepted.


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Can you imagine a world of consciousness? A world where everyone and everything is included? A world where nothing is judged?
Would you like to contribute to the possibility of this? The possibility of people actually living in joy and having extraordinary lives?
Are you choosing to be you… and change the world?
Yes? Then this Access Consciousness® Facilitator Training is for YOU.
Welcome to starting to create a new reality!
5 days
Please note: The requirements below can change at any time and Gary Douglas and Dain Heer may add additional classes, tele calls or books as Access Consciousness® changes all the time.
If this is your first Certified Facilitators Training, you must have completed the prerequisites below:
Two (2) Access Bars classes
Two (2) 4-day The Foundation classes
Two (2) Choice of Possibilities classes*
One (1) 3-day Energetic Synthesis of Being Class
One (1) 4-day Symphony of Possibilities advanced training
10 Commandments telecall series with Gary Douglas & Dain Heer (10 Keys to Your Freedom)
Distractor Implant telecall series with Gary Douglas & Dain Heer
Deal & Deliver Original Telecall with Gary Douglas & Dain Heer
Need & Tug telecall series with Gary Douglas
Deal & Deliver For Your Life 3-part telecall with Gary Douglas
Read OR listen to the Salon des Femmes book OR telecall with Gary Douglas
Read OR listen to The Gentlemen's Club book OR telecall with Gary Douglas
Purchase and read Reference Materials for The Foundation AND Choice of Possibilities (available for purchase after classes have been completed)
Complete the survey about the Reference Materials and submit all the information of your prerequisites (both links found in your welcome email once you register for the Facilitators Training)
One (1) 3-day Body Class
Attend, or purchase from the Access Shop: the most recent Global Foundation class.
*One (1) of the Choice of Possibilities classes must have been held within the last 12 months from the start date of the Facilitators Training. NOTE: For a COP purchased from the Access shop, it is the date the class was held, not the date of purchase, that must be within the 12 months.
To become Access Consciousness® Certified Facilitator you must complete all the above prerequisites AND attend a 5-day Facilitators Training, as well as sign your contract with Gary Douglas and Dain Heer.
If you are repeating Facilitators Training within 12 months, you must have completed the following:
Attended ONE (1) Choice of Possibilities class within 12 months from the start date of the Facilitators training. NOTE: For a COP purchased from the Access shop, it is the date the class was held, not the date of purchase, that must be within the 12 months.
To renew your CF license you must complete the repeat prerequisites above AND attend a 5-day Facilitators Training as well as sign your contract with Gary Douglas and Dain Heer.
Full price: as listed
This includes MP3 audio recordings of the class.
Repeat price: as listed
You get the repeat price if you renew your license sooner than your 12 months renewal requirement date.
Other prices: Children 15 years and under are welcome for free when attending with a paying adult OR at the arrangement/discretion of the facilitator. Teenagers at 16 and 17 years of age pay half price.*
Country pricing applies
Additional pricing notes for CF trainings in Costa Rica
For more information, please email firstname.lastname@example.com.
|Datum {{event.eventStartDate}} - {{event.eventEndDate}}
|{{nameHeader}} {{event.eventTitle}}
Plats {{event.eventCity}}, {{event.eventState}}, {{event.eventCountry}}


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A mobile phone (also known as a cellular phone, cell phone, hand phone, or simply a phone) is a phone that can make and receive telephone calls over a radio link while moving around a wide geographic area. It does so by connecting to a cellular network provided by a mobile phone operator, allowing access to the public telephone network. By contrast, a cordless telephone is used only within the short range of a single, private base station.
In addition to telephony, modern mobile phones also support a wide variety of other services such as text messaging, MMS, email, Internet access, short-range wireless communications (infrared, Bluetooth), business applications, gaming, and photography. Mobile phones that offer these and more general computing capabilities are referred to as smartphones.
The first hand-held cell phone was demonstrated by John F. Mitchell and Dr. Martin Cooper of Motorola in 1973, using a handset weighing around 4.4 pounds (2Â kg). In 1983, the DynaTAC 8000x was the first to be commercially available. From 1983 to 2014, worldwide mobile phone subscriptions grew from zero to over 7 billion, penetrating 100% of the global population and reaching the bottom of the economic pyramid. In 2014, the top cell phone manufacturers were Samsung, Nokia, Apple, and LG.
A hand-held mobile radiotelephone is an old dream of radio engineering. One of the earliest descriptions can be found in the 1948 science fiction novel Space Cadet by Robert Heinlein. The protagonist, who has just traveled to Colorado from his home in Iowa, receives a call from his father on a telephone in his pocket. Before leaving for earth orbit, he decides to ship the telephone home "since it was limited by its short range to the neighborhood of an earth-side [i.e. terrestrial] relay office." Ten years later, an essay by Arthur C. Clarke envisioned a "personal transceiver, so small and compact that every man carries one." Clarke wrote: "the time will come when we will be able to call a person anywhere on Earth merely by dialing a number." Such a device would also, in Clarke's vision, include means for global positioning so that "no one need ever again be lost." Later, in Profiles of the Future, he predicted the advent of such a device taking place in the mid-1980s.
Early predecessors of cellular phones included analog radio communications from ships and trains. The race to create truly portable telephone devices began after World War II, with developments taking place in many countries. The advances in mobile telephony have been traced in successive generations from the early "0G" (zeroth generation) services like the Bell System's Mobile Telephone Service and its successor, Improved Mobile Telephone Service. These "0G" systems were not cellular, supported few simultaneous calls, and were very expensive.
The first handheld mobile cell phone was demonstrated by Motorola in 1973. The first commercial automated cellular network was launched in Japan by NTT in 1979. In 1981, this was followed by the simultaneous launch of the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) system in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Several other countries then followed in the early to mid-1980s. These first generatiion ("1G") systems could support far more simultaneous calls, but still used analog technology.
In 1991, the second generation (2G) digital cellular technology was launched in Finland by Radiolinja on the GSM standard, which sparked competition in the sector, as the new operators challenged the incumbent 1G network operators.
Ten years later, in 2001, the third generation (3G) was launched in Japan by NTT DoCoMo on the WCDMA standard. This was followed by 3.5G, 3G+ or turbo 3G enhancements based on the high-speed packet access (HSPA) family, allowing UMTS networks to have higher data transfer speeds and capacity.
By 2009, it had become clear that, at some point, 3G networks would be overwhelmed by the growth of bandwidth-intensive applications like streaming media. Consequently, the industry began looking to data-optimized 4th-generation technologies, with the promise of speed improvements up to 10-fold over existing 3G technologies. The first two commercially available technologies billed as 4G were the WiMAX standard (offered in the U.S. by Sprint) and the LTE standard, first offered in Scandinavia by TeliaSonera.
All mobile phones have a number of features in common, but manufacturers also try to differentiate their own products by implementing additional functions to make them more attractive to consumers. This has led to great innovation in mobile phone development over the past 20 years.
The common components found on all phones are:
- A battery, providing the power source for the phone functions.
- An input mechanism to allow the user to interact with the phone. The most common input mechanism is a keypad, but touch screens are also found in most smartphones.
- A screen which echoes the user's typing, displays text messages, contacts and more.
- Basic mobile phone services to allow users to make calls and send text messages.
- All GSM phones use a SIM card to allow an account to be swapped among devices. Some CDMA devices also have a similar card called a R-UIM.
- Individual GSM, WCDMA, iDEN and some satellite phone devices are uniquely identified by an International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) number.
Low-end mobile phones are often referred to as feature phones, and offer basic telephony. Handsets with more advanced computing ability through the use of native software applications became known as smartphones.
Several phone series have been introduced to address a given market segment, such as the RIM BlackBerry focusing on enterprise/corporate customer email needs; the Sony-Ericsson 'Walkman' series of music/phones and 'Cybershot' series of camera/phones; the Nokia Nseries of multimedia phones, the Palm Pre the HTC Dream and the Apple iPhone.
Text messaging
The most commonly used data application on mobile phones is SMS text messaging. The first SMS text message was sent from a computer to a mobile phone in 1992 in the UK, while the first person-to-person SMS from phone to phone was sent in Finland in 1993.
The first mobile news service, delivered via SMS, was launched in Finland in 2000, and subsequently many organizations provided "on-demand" and "instant" news services by SMS.
SIM card
GSM feature phones require a small microchip called a Subscriber Identity Module or SIM card, to function. The SIM card is approximately the size of a small postage stamp and is usually placed underneath the battery in the rear of the unit. The SIM securely stores the service-subscriber key (IMSI) and the Ki used to identify and authenticate the user of the mobile phone. The SIM card allows users to change phones by simply removing the SIM card from one mobile phone and inserting it into another mobile phone or broadband telephony device, provided that this is not prevented by a SIM lock.
The first SIM card was made in 1991 by Munich smart card maker Giesecke & Devrient for the Finnish wireless network operator Radiolinja.
Multi-card hybrid phones
A hybrid mobile phone can hold up to four SIM cards. SIM and RUIM cards may be mixed together to allow both GSM and CDMA networks to be accessed.
From 2010 onwards they became popular in India and Indonesia and other emerging markets, attributed to the desire to obtain the lowest on-net calling rate. In Q3 2011, Nokia shipped 18 million of its low cost dual SIM phone range in an attempt to make up lost ground in the higher end smartphone market.
Kosher phones
There are Jewish orthodox religious restrictions which, by some interpretations, standard mobile telephones do not meet. To solve this issue, some rabbinical organizations have recommended that phones with text messaging capability not be used by children. These restricted phones are known as kosher phones and have rabbinical approval for use in Israel and elsewhere by observant Orthodox Jews. Although these phones are intended to prevent immodesty, some vendors report good sales to adults who prefer the simplicity of the devices. Some phones are even approved for use by essential workers (such as health, security and public services) on the sabbath, even though use of any electrical device is generally prohibited.
Mobile phone operators
The world's largest individual mobile operator by subscribers is China Mobile with over 500 million mobile phone subscribers. Over 50 mobile operators have over 10 million subscribers each, and over 150 mobile operators had at least one million subscribers by the end of 2009. In 2014, there were more than seven billion mobile phone subscribers worldwide, a number that is expected to keep growing.
Prior to 2010, Nokia was the market leader. However, since then competition emerged in the Asia Pacific region with brands such as Micromax, Nexian, and i-Mobile and chipped away at Nokia's market share. Android powered smartphones also gained momentum across the region at the expense of Nokia. In India, their market share also dropped significantly to around 31 percent from 56 percent in the same period. Their share was displaced by Chinese and Indian vendors of low-end mobile phones.
In Q1 2012, based on Strategy Analytics, Samsung surpassed Nokia, selling 93.5 million units and 82.7 million units, respectively. Standard & Poor's has also downgraded Nokia to 'junk' status at BB+/B with negative outlook due to high loss and still declined with growth of Lumia smartphones was not sufficient to offset a rapid decline in revenue from Symbian-based smartphones over the next few quarters.
- Note: Vendor shipments are branded shipments and exclude OEM sales for all vendors
Other manufacturers outside the top five include TCL Communication, Lenovo, Sony Mobile Communications, Motorola. Smaller current and past players include Karbonn Mobile, Audiovox (now UTStarcom), BenQ-Siemens, BlackBerry, Casio, CECT, Coolpad, Fujitsu, HTC, Just5, Kyocera, Lumigon, Micromax Mobile, Mitsubishi Electric, Modu, NEC, Neonode, Openmoko, Panasonic, Palm, Pantech Wireless Inc., Philips, Qualcomm Inc., Sagem, Sanyo, Sharp, Sierra Wireless, SK Teletech, Soutec, Trium, Toshiba, and Vidalco.
Use of mobile phones
In general
Mobile phones are used for a variety of purposes, including keeping in touch with family members, conducting business, and having access to a telephone in the event of an emergency. Some people carry more than one cell phone for different purposes, such as for business and personal use. Multiple SIM cards may also be used to take advantage of the benefits of different calling plansâ"a particular plan might provide cheaper local calls, long-distance calls, international calls, or roaming. The mobile phone has also been used in a variety of diverse contexts in society, for example:
- A study by Motorola found that one in ten cell phone subscribers have a second phone that often is kept secret from other family members. These phones may be used to engage in activities including extramarital affairs or clandestine business dealings.
- Some organizations assist victims of domestic violence by providing mobile phones for use in emergencies. They are often refurbished phones.
- The advent of widespread text messaging has resulted in the cell phone novel; the first literary genre to emerge from the cellular age via text messaging to a website that collects the novels as a whole.
- Mobile telephony also facilitates activism and public journalism being explored by Reuters and Yahoo! and small independent news companies such as Jasmine News in Sri Lanka.
- The United Nations reported that mobile phones have spread faster than any other technology and can improve the livelihood of the poorest people in developing countries by providing access to information in places where landlines or the Internet are not available, especially in the least developed countries. Use of mobile phones also spawns a wealth of micro-enterprises, by providing work, such as selling airtime on the streets and repairing or refurbishing handsets.
- In Mali and other African countries, people used to travel from village to village to let friends and relatives know about weddings, births and other events, which are now avoided within mobile phone coverage areas, which is usually greater than land line penetration.
- The TV industry has recently started using mobile phones to drive live TV viewing through mobile apps, advertising, social tv, and mobile TV. 86% of Americans use their mobile phone while watching TV.
- In parts of the world, mobile phone sharing is common. It is prevalent in urban India, as families and groups of friends often share one or more mobiles among their members. There are obvious economic benefits, but often familial customs and traditional gender roles play a part. It is common for a village to have access to only one mobile phone, perhaps owned by a teacher or missionary, but available to all members of the village for necessary calls.
Smartphones have a number of distinguishing features but the ITU measures those with internet connection which it calls Active Mobile-Broadband subscriptions (which includes tablets etc.) In the developed world these have now overtaken the usage of earlier mobile systems but in the developing world account for only 20%.
For distributing content
In 1998, one of the first examples of distributing and selling media content through the mobile phone was the sale of ringtones by Radiolinja in Finland. Soon afterwards, other media content appeared such as news, video games, jokes, horoscopes, TV content and advertising. Most early content for mobile tended to be copies of legacy media, such as the banner advertisement or the TV news highlight video clip. Recently, unique content for mobile has been emerging, from the ringing tones and ringback tones in music to "mobisodes", video content that has been produced exclusively for mobile phones.
In 2006, the total value of mobile-phone-paid media content exceeded Internet-paid media content and was worth 31 billion dollars. The value of music on phones was worth 9.3 billion dollars in 2007 and gaming was worth over 5 billion dollars in 2007.
While driving
Mobile phone use while driving is common but controversial. Being distracted while operating a motor vehicle has been shown to increase the risk of accidents. Because of this, many jurisdictions prohibit the use of mobile phones while driving. Egypt, Israel, Japan, Portugal and Singapore ban both handheld and hands-free use of a mobile phone; others â"including the UK, France, and many U.S. statesâ"ban handheld phone use only, allowing hands-free use.
Due to the increasing complexity of mobile phones, they are often more like mobile computers in their available uses. This has introduced additional difficulties for law enforcement officials in distinguishing one usage from another as drivers use their devices. This is more apparent in those countries which ban both handheld and hands-free usage, rather than those who have banned handheld use only, as officials cannot easily tell which function of the mobile phone is being used simply by looking at the driver. This can lead to drivers being stopped for using their device illegally on a phone call when, in fact, they were using the device for a legal purpose such as the phone's incorporated controls for car stereo or satnav.
A recently published study has reviewed the incidence of mobile phone use while cycling and its effects on behaviour and safety.
Mobile banking and payments
In many countries, mobile phones are used to provide mobile banking services, which may include the ability to transfer cash payments by secure SMS text message. Kenya's M-PESA mobile banking service, for example, allows customers of the mobile phone operator Safaricom to hold cash balances which are recorded on their SIM cards. Cash may be deposited or withdrawn from M-PESA accounts at Safaricom retail outlets located throughout the country, and may be transferred electronically from person to person as well as used to pay bills to companies.
Branchless banking has also been successful in South Africa and the Philippines. A pilot project in Bali was launched in 2011 by the International Finance Corporation and an Indonesian bank Bank Mandiri.
Another application of mobile banking technology is Zidisha, a US-based nonprofit micro-lending platform that allows residents of developing countries to raise small business loans from Web users worldwide. Zidisha uses mobile banking for loan disbursements and repayments, transferring funds from lenders in the United States to the borrowers in rural Africa using the Internet and mobile phones.
Mobile payments were first trialled in Finland in 1998 when two Coca-Cola vending machines in Espoo were enabled to work with SMS payments. Eventually, the idea spread and in 1999 the Philippines launched the country's first commercial mobile payments systems on the mobile operators Globe and Smart.
Some mobile phone can make mobile payments via direct mobile billing schemes or through contactless payments if the phone and point of sale support near field communication (NFC). This requires the co-operation of manufacturers, network operators and retail merchants to enable contactless payments through NFC-equipped mobile phones.
Tracking and privacy
Mobile phones are also commonly used to collect location data. While the phone is turned on, the geographical location of a mobile phone can be determined easily (whether it is being used or not), using a technique known as multilateration to calculate the differences in time for a signal to travel from the cell phone to each of several cell towers near the owner of the phone.
The movements of a mobile phone user can be tracked by their service provider and, if desired, by law enforcement agencies and their government. Both the SIM card and the handset can be tracked.
China has proposed using this technology to track commuting patterns of Beijing city residents. In the UK and US, law enforcement and intelligence services use mobiles to perform surveillance. They possess technology to activate the microphones in cell phones remotely in order to listen to conversations that take place near the phone.
According to the Federal Communications Commission, one out of three robberies involved the theft of a cellular phone. Police data in San Francisco showed that one-half of all robberies in 2012 were thefts of cellular phones. An online petition on Change.org called Secure our Smartphones urged smartphone manufacturers to install kill switches in their devices to make them unusable in case of theft. The petition is part of a joint effort by New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman and San Francisco District Attorney George Gascon and was directed to the CEOs of the major smartphone manufacturers and telecommunication carriers.
On Monday, 10 June 2013, Apple announced it would install a kill switch on its next iPhone operating system, due to debut in October 2013.
Health effects
The effect mobile phone radiation has on human health is the subject of recent interest and study, as a result of the enormous increase in mobile phone usage throughout the world. Mobile phones use electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range, which some believe may be harmful to human health. A large body of research exists, both epidemiological and experimental, in non-human animals and in humans, of which the majority shows no definite causative relationship between exposure to mobile phones and harmful biological effects in humans. This is often paraphrased simply as the balance of evidence showing no harm to humans from mobile phones, although a significant number of individual studies do suggest such a relationship, or are inconclusive. Other digital wireless systems, such as data communication networks, produce similar radiation.
On 31 May 2011, the World Health Organization stated that mobile phone use may possibly represent a long-term health risk, classifying mobile phone radiation as "possibly carcinogenic to humans" after a team of scientists reviewed studies on cell phone safety. Mobile phones are in category 2B, which ranks it alongside coffee and other possibly carcinogenic substances.
At least some recent studies have found an association between cell phone use and certain kinds of brain and salivary gland tumors. Lennart Hardell and other authors of a 2009 meta-analysis of 11 studies from peer-reviewed journals concluded that cell phone usage for at least ten years "approximately doubles the risk of being diagnosed with a brain tumor on the same ('ipsilateral') side of the head as that preferred for cell phone use."
One study of past cell phone use cited in the report showed a "40% increased risk for gliomas (brain cancer) in the highest category of heavy users (reported average: 30 minutes per day over a 10âyear period)." This is a reversal from their prior position that cancer was unlikely to be caused by cellular phones or their base stations and that reviews had found no convincing evidence for other health effects. Certain countries, including France, have warned against the use of cell phones especially by minors due to health risk uncertainties. However, a study published 24 March 2012 in the British Medical Journal questioned these estimates, because the increase in brain cancers has not paralleled the increase in mobile phone use.
Future evolution
5G is a technology used in research papers and projects to denote the next major phase of mobile telecommunication standards beyond the 4G/IMT-Advanced standards. 5G is not officially used for any specification or official document yet made public by telecommunication companies or standardization bodies such as 3GPP, WiMAX Forum, or ITU-R. New standard releases beyond 4G are in progress by standardization bodies, but are at this time not considered as new mobile generations but under the 4G umbrella.
Deloitte is predicting a collapse in wireless performance to come as soon as 2016, as more devices using more and more services compete for limited bandwidth.
Environmental impact
Studies have shown that around 40-50% of the environmental impact of a mobile phone occurs during the manufacturing of the printed wiring boards and integrated circuits. The average user replaces their mobile phone every 11 to 18 months. The discarded phones then contribute to electronic waste.
Mobile phone manufacturers within Europe are subject to the WEEE directive. Australia introduced a mobile phone recycling scheme.
Conflict minerals
Demand for metals found in mobile phones fuelled the Second Congo War. The war claimed almost 5.5 million lives. In a 2012 news story, The Guardian reported, "In unsafe mines deep underground in eastern Congo, children are working to extract minerals essential for the electronics industry. The profits from the minerals finance the bloodiest conflict since the second world war; the war has lasted nearly 20 years and has recently flared up again. ... For the last 15 years, the Democratic Republic of the Congo has been a major source of natural resources for the mobile phone industry."
FairPhone is an attempt to develop a mobile phone which does not contain conflict minerals.


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Hi! Have I ever been busy! Whew!
[Takes deep breath, and big sip of coffee.]
How are you? How is everything going out there? Good? Thank you EVER so much for the ornament kit orders. Oh me oh my. I am so thrilled. It's been a fantastic week of crazy work, lots of help, late nights, many trips to the post office, lots of laughing, lots of ordering in dinner and lunch, lots of snacks (as you know), lots of felt, lots of labels, oh, just everything. It's been a lot of fun, actually. But I literally haven't had time to talk. Usually we have this project done by the end of October; here we are, one month early, though we started at the same time we usually do. It was awesome. Thank you very much for every single one of your orders — they mean so much to us. We still have lots of kits left (though the Sweet Homes are going faster than the others, so I think those will definitely run out first), but everything is assembled now, and I am completely caught up on orders. So I'm very happy.
We have had one problem that I know of so far, and the fault is all mine. In the Sweet Home kits, I discovered after several hundred were already assembled and shipped that I never even ordered the Red #321 embroidery floss for the French knots and the hanger on the wreath. That was not a good moment!!! After I discovered this, we bought all of the red floss they had at our local fabric stores and cut those skeins into lengths of floss and included a length in each kit, so watch for that piece of floss, tucked in near the lace and rick-rack. You need very little of the red — just enough for a few stitches in decoration — so if you have received a Sweet Home kit that doesn't have a piece of red floss included in it you can totally use a few plies (I would double or triple it) from a spool of red sewing thread and you'll never know the difference. If you don't have an easy way to get a hold of any red thread or red embroidery floss, don't worry for even a second — just email me with your address and I will send you a piece of red floss ASAP.
Thank you also for all of the super-sweet and hilarious comments on Andy's post. He was home all day the day he posted, and he was checking the computer every few minutes and giggling over all of the funny things people said. It was seriously adorable. Thank you for that.
Oh, these days! They're intense! The adoption plans seem to be on track and going well so far! The baby's due date is November 11, but there are reasons to be concerned that she may arrive early, so we are living in a state of high anticipation, waiting for the phone to ring and feathering the nest in the meantime. I think we have everything we're supposed to have, which feels really good. It's sort of challenging to make sure that we have everything we'll need to have in Illinois as well as in Oregon. But I think I will finally have some time today to put together a box of things to ship out to Andy's parents' house, where we'll be staying for several weeks.
I'm so glad we've had this time to prepare. It's all still kind of surreal, I have to tell you. I say my prayers every night, and think about the baby and her beautiful mother pretty much all day long every day, and write my letters, and try to send all of my love and good energy to them both across all of the long miles between us now. I truly hope they can feel what I am thinking and feeling. With any adoption there is a lot of uncertainty. There's uncertainty with any pregnancy, as well, of course. But adoption seems to take baby uncertainty to a whole new level, since there are so many different kinds of uncertainty happening all that the exact same time. I try not to live in the uncertainty, and try to let myself truly cherish and enjoy every single minute of this preparation time. I really want to just enjoy it all.
Because oh man. WOW. We are thrilled. Words simply fail.


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Stephanie Sauve necesitaba un nuevo diseño de otro y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 26 diseños de 7 diseñadores freelance.
SkyVenture Montreal
SkyVenture Montreal, an indoor free-fall simulator based in Montreal/Canada, is looking for a sticker design for our young first time flyer clients. This sticker will be given as a reward after a first flight at SkyVenture. This gift must be representative of our young and fresh company and of the unique experience SkyVenture is offering;
"SkyVenture is offering the experience of free-fall sensation. Imagine a 14 foot cylindrical diameter vertical tube that is 45 foot tall in which the airstream is passing at a speed of 175 km per hour. Once inside the wind tunnel, you will have a real sense of what skydivers experience during the free-fall portion of their jump, which is generally done from 13 500 to 3 500 feet of altitude at a speed of 200 km an hour. All of that in an environment so secure that it is even accessible to children aged of 4 years and older."
For inspiration and understanding of the activity, you can visit http://www.skyventuremontreal.com and also watch this video on youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UlwTc811dsc
The target audience for this sticker: young kids and teenagers.
- Format: a square or round 3''x 3'' sticker.
- Colors: Process colors
- Image/logo: Possibly a cartoon skydiver or any image representing parachute or skydiving but in a free-fall position (not under canopy).
- Text underneath the logo: We'd like a sentence greeting these children of their first flight at SkyVenture. Something bilingual like: #1 @ SkyVenture Montreal


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Author: Nicky Vita (@stellavita), Strategy Director, BBH London
A few weeks ago, I was at the Temple Synagogue in Krakow's historical Jewish district, Kazimeirz. It was the closing night for Unsound, an avant-garde music festival with the central theme of "Future Shock".
As a whole, Unsound deliberately defies expectations – about how music should sound, how music genres should/ shouldn't fit together, who should be collaborating, whom we expect to create modern music or art and even what 'modern music' actually means.
This – along with the music – got me thinking about a project I've been working on for client of ours, around 'the lofty subject of human progress' and what this means today. In a recent international survey, 96% of respondents agreed that'It is important for me to continually improve as a person'. Ordinary people wanting to do extraordinary things.
While the desire to move forward is not new, the context or the approach required to achieve this has shifted radically. In the past, the key ingredients were focus, stamina and the wherewithal to keep slogging until the finish line. Tow the line.
And now? Well, there may not be a clearly defined 'there' or final end goal. There are fewer linear paths, one-way ladders and singular directions. The "tried & trusted" is no longer appropriate and all the rulebooks have been ripped up. Seemingly more than ever, people want to advance themselves. Technology is an especially great enabler. However, what you actually need to do to achieve this progress is less clear than ever before.
At a global level, this thought is either hugely terrifying or massively exciting. And what emerges is that the key to 'success' today is having the right attitude. Glancing at modern role models and entrepreneurs across the world, it isattitude that they have in common. No rules means you can try anything, explore everything, break things up and put them together in completely different ways.
Much of what I saw at Unsound reflected this attitude, so I thought I'd outline a few underlining principles for progressing in today's modern world…
Retain a youthful mindset.
1960s pioneer Morton Subotnick & 1980s synth performers Chris & Cosey (ex-Throbbing Gristle) belonged at the festival as much as young, incoming acts such as Pontone (Poland) and Laurel Halo (USA). Curiosity, creativity and experimentation do not age.
Keep it open.
Music genres don't sit in boxes. Or rather, amazing things can happen when you don't assume that they should. Hype Williams threw together R & B, techno and dark ambient, coupled with constant strobe lights, to create a visceral, challenging performance. Trying different things and putting them together in unusual ways can create something special.
Lantern Awareness.
A wonderful term I picked up from Google's Tom Uglow a while ago, speaking passionately about the wonderful things that could happen if we stopped focusing & opened up our awareness to the things going on around us. Every artist had taken a deliberate step away from his or her known individual sound and had nicked, borrowed or repurposed from the experiences around them. To capture this spirit, we've created team 'Lantern Sessions', as simple as a quick chat about the things that are exciting us or a good excuse to get out of the office and to an exhibition. Less focus creates more enhanced encounters.
Be bold.
With experimentation and exploration comes inherent risk. Some of what I saw and heard was massively improvised. Leyland Kirby's mad video of his life on the road, wrapped up by a mimed rendition of Elton John's 'Can you feel the love tonight?" could have gone horribly wrong. It didn't. Trying new things means allowing yourself to be at least a little open to potential failure.
Live in the moment.
For me, the entire festival was an immersive, immediate experience. This may sound obvious (being a music festival), but I came back feeling more excited about life because I'd allowed myself to be completely absorbed in an experience. If everyone there came away with this same feeling, you can feel confident that this will soon be manifested in a future performance, track or video. Soak up every encounter.
Go with your gut.
Everyone at Unsound was passionate about music. Not in a rational 'let's think about why this works' way. It was much more of an emotional 'how the music makes you feel' way. Things were being put together in ways that were intuitive and based on gut impulses. Great things can happen when you go with the rhyme instead of the reason.
It's about substance.
There were few 'big names' and while many of the artists were successful in their own right, at Unsound they were respected for their spirit, energy & experimentation in the moment. What you do matters more than what you have.
Act like an entrepreneur.
What makes an entrepreneur great is a bit of charisma. While many artists were there to perform, they were also there to create opportunities for future collaborations & endeavours, to show a difference side to themselves. Curiosity and a 'can do, will do' attitude is what made them interesting. Not so difficult is it?
The closing down party…
None of this might strike you as particularly groundbreaking. Steve Jobs spoke openly about the importance of connections, of being allowed to fail, of the opportunities that come up when you've tried different things. Einstein believed in experimentation and playfulness. Tom Uglow wondered what could happen if we all quit our jobs, played more and got closer to the edges. What is striking for me is that this attitude is shifting the way people think about progress at a universal level. This is not about the super elite, the super eclectic, the technologists at Google or Facebook or Labs, even. Sure, I am referencing some edgy artists, playing at a festival you've never have heard of. But we're also talking about ordinary people wanting to apply this attitude to create extraordinary things.
I think it's tremendously exhilarating. Can you even begin to imagine the great things that would happen, the progress that would come about if we all lived this way?


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All creditors of the estate of STONEY A. HARTLEY, deceased, late of Appling County, are hereby notified to render in their demands to the undersigned according to law, and all persons indebted to said estate are required to make immediate payment to me.
June 4, 2013.
BONNELL DOYLE, Executrix of the
Estate of STONEY A. HARTLEY, deceased
Wm. Terry Turner
P. O. Box 328
Baxley, GA 31515
6-12, 6-19, 6-26 & 7-3ch
gpn07 NOTICE GEORGIA, APPLING COUNTY
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Free your business to take maximum advantage of Web 2.0 with convenient web protection through the cloud. McAfee SaaS Web Protection relieves you of the expertise, effort, and capital expense associated with on-premises solutions, letting you stay focused on business. The service protects your team from infection, malicious infiltration, lost productivity, and corporate risk. Managed by experts in cloud security, you gain effective and economical control over threats and undesired Internet access.


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Choreography by: Ulysses Dove
Music by: Richard Einhorn
A dynamically charged, abstract work, Red Angels highlights the power and athleticism of its four dancers through bold choreography, intense lighting, and a riveting score for electric violin.
Created for New York City Ballet's Diamond Project in 1994, Red Angels was the first work created for NYCB by the late choreographer Ulysses Dove. An abstract work for four dancers, Red Angels is set to Richard Einhorn's "Maxwell's Demon", a solo for electric violin performed by innovative American violinist Mary Rowell.


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A lawyer for Dominique Strauss-Kahn is claiming victory after a judge ruled that a publisher must add an insert to a book about the former International Monetary Fund chief's sexual relationship with the author.
Jean Veil said Wednesday the publisher will be fined (EURO)50 ($65) for each copy of Marcela Iacub's "Beauty and the Beast" that fails to comply. The Nouvel Observateur newspaper, which printed an interview with Iacub and excerpts, also must put a legal notice on its front page, the French newspaper said. It said the insert text must say that the book violates Strauss-Kahn's privacy.
Strauss-Kahn's private life was thrown in the spotlight in 2011 when a New York hotel maid accused him of trying to rape her. Strauss-Kahn reached a legal settlement with her last year.


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Oct 02-Oct 4, 2009
Friday - Saturday 8pm & 10pm shows $35
Sunday 7pm show $35
At the age of 74, Ramsey Lewis has not only continued to be active in the jazz world, but he's also forging ahead with a newly inspired creative instinct as a composer. This re-envisioned artistic sensibility is showcased on his new album, which is a remarkable, refined collection of 12 new originals that he composed over a period of two years. The collection includes music from two commissioned world premiere performances at the Ravinia Festival in Highland Park, Illinois, just north of Chicago. Eight songs come from the score of 2007's ballet To Know Her...written for the Joffrey Ballet Company and four pieces come from 2008's Muses and Amusementssuite performed with the Turtle Island Quartet.
Songs From the Heart, Lewis' first trio recording in five years, features eight pieces with bassist Larry Gray and drummer Leon Joyce, and four piano solo performances. To Lewis, the CD marks a turning point in his storied career: he's found new life as a composer.
"Initially nothing was compelling me to go into the studio," says the three-time-Grammy-winner Lewis, who in addition to his 80-plus album career (seven went gold) is also a Chicago-based radio personality and host of the PBS TV series "Legends of Jazz." "But since I'd been composing so much and people were responding positively to the new songs, I decided to do an entire album of my own material instead of recording music by other artists."
In regards to his newfound love of composing, he adds, "I'm like a kid on Christmas morning all over again. For me, it's all about the music. It's what makes me sleep well and jump out of bed in the morning to work on new melodies. I can't wait."
Lewis says that his early hits-most prominently his mid-'60s international breakout tunes "The 'In' Crowd," "Hang on Sloopy" and "Wade in the Water"-in some ways spoiled him. "Darn those hits," he says jokingly. "In the early days with the trio I wrote more, but once you get so popular you tend to get a little lazy. It comes to a point where you compose three or four songs for a new album, then one or two seems to suffice."
In 2006, Welz Kauffman, the president/CEO of Ravinia, suggested that Lewis, the jazz artistic director there, compose a score for the Joffrey. The pianist met with the ballet company's then executive director, Jon Teeuwissen, and then set forth to work on an hour's worth of material. He was in for a rude awakening. "I sat down at the piano and all I could think of was Tchaikovsky and Prokofiev and music for classical ballet," he says. "As I sat at the piano with no ideas, my wife Jan told me, 'I'm hearing you and you're suffering. Why don't you just turn on a tape recorder and play?' I told her, 'But I'm trying to compose.'"
However, Lewis took her advice and began to discover melodies as he improvised. His breakthrough song is the CD's leadoff track, the lyrical "To Know Her Is to Love Her." More tunes quickly followed even without using the tape recorder ("It was almost like writing shorthand," says Lewis), and he presented the eight compositions to Joffrey choreographer Donald Byrd. "He liked my old hits, but he had nothing but superlatives for the new material," says Lewis, who notes that one tune, "Clouds in Reverie," was a version of a piece written for the previous year's Ravinia project, One Score, One Chicago: New Scenes From Childhood.
Joffrey choreography began in April 2007 for the June 2007 performance. A month before the premiere Lewis saw his first rehearsal. The troupe put his recorded demos on and began to dance. "The way they moved brought tears to my eyes," says Lewis. "When I started out in bands when I was 16, people danced to our music. This took me back 50 years, and here I was writing for dancing again."
At Ravinia, the performance garnered a rousing applause from the audience and critical plaudits from the press. Lewis says, "My son pointed out to me that this was the first concert of mine he had seen that got a standing ovation without me having to play the hits. That told me something about focusing more intently on composition."
Kauffman was so impressed that he immediately commissioned Lewis to write new works for Ravinia in 2008. He decided to compose for a string quartet to accompany his trio. On the recommendation of his good friend and fellow pianist Dr. Billy Taylor, Lewis enlisted the Turtle Island Quartet to perform a suite of eight new originals, including the relaxed-swinging "The Spark" and the bowed ballad "The Conversation." Of the former, Lewis says, "I like the energy in this song. I was thinking of a groove-not rock, but something that had an element of excitement and forward motion while at the same time was melodic."
From the ballet score, Lewis explains that the emotive tune "Touching, Feeling, Knowing" is based on a folk melody he heard when he visited Soweto, South Africa. "It's a simple melody that I used as the basis for this song. When we play it, it reminds me of South Africa." In regards to the appropriately titled "The Way She Smiles," Lewis says, "That's one of those songs that just happened. I woke up one morning and was thinking of a New Orleans groove."
One of the added bonuses of Lewis' prolific writing has been an enrichment of his pianistic talent. "The composing has informed my playing," says Lewis. "I'm looking at harmony and melody in a different way. I've noticed that my solos have become deeper and more contemplative." On Songs From the Heart, Lewis takes the solo spotlight four times, including the film noir-ish "Long Before She Knew" and reflective muse "The Glow of Her Charm."
The latter arrived when Lewis was working on an intro to the song "In the Still of the Night" that he was performing one evening in Washington, D.C. He was in his hotel room on a grand piano, determined to find a prelude. Once again, his wife offered her wisdom. "Jan was listening to me and said, 'What's that? That's a song, not an introduction. You've got a new song.' And, if course, she was right."
On Songs From the Heart, Lewis offers graceful music, played with a light, gentle, joyful touch, and focused on melody. Writing in the CD liner notes, Lewis pointed out that in the CD's initial planning stages, all artistic and record company parties agreed that Songs From the Heart should be characterized by "heartfelt, lyrical and inspirational" music "that my fans had come to expect."
In the liners, Lewis also noted, "Our desire was to convey a sense of beauty, joy, simplicity and lyricism...I am extremely proud of the results." He adds, "Looking back at all the music that I've written over the last few years, I think I'm coming up with something unique. I think I'm developing a style."
Ramsey Lewis to Release Concord Jazz Debut, Songs From the Heart: Ramsey Plays Ramsey, Available September 29
Official Website: http://www.yoshis.com/sanfrancisco/jazzclub/artist/show/892
Added by Yoshis on September 28, 2009


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2018 will be crunch time for Brexit. There will be substantial political noise and turbulence throughout 2018. Although an agreement on withdrawal issues has taken time to secure, it is now not likely to have significant impact on real estate.
Attention will now progress to the much more important question of future trade and migration arrangements. Trade access is likely to be no worse than the EU-Canadian deal, and no better than the EU-Swiss deal. Migration controls will be tighter than they are now, but remain extremely uncertain.
In the face of the uncertainties, some businesses are preparing to move some staff to elsewhere in the EU. However, the extent of such moves is probably overstated, with the majority of threatened moves not yet implemented.
Occupiers are less concerned about Brexit now than they were in late 2016. A CBRE survey of over 100 multinational firms finds that the proportion of occupiers worried about negative impacts from Brexit fell from 53% to 39% during 2017.


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Note: Windows XP End of Support -- What you need to know (PDF)
- Date: Aug 7, 2007
- Version: 3.04.05.01
- Size: 2.5 MB
- Format: ZIP
GDI Driver, Microsoft Certified
Description32 bit Graphics Device Interface (GDI) driver. Microsoft WHQL Certified. This driver uses the Add Printer Wizard and offers full support of the printer specific features for the Xerox WorkCentre PE220.Note: v4.14 firmware is recommended for use with Microsoft Vista operating system.
- Recommended
- Date: Aug 8, 2007
- Version: 3.04.05.01
- Size: 3.1 MB
- Format: ZIP
Scan Driver, Microsoft Certified
Description32 bit Scan to PC driver - Provides the ability to use the scan capabilities of the WorkCentre PE220 from PC applications using using Windows 98/Me/2000/XP/2003/2008. Microsoft WQHL certified.Note: For Scan to PC please make sure ControlCenter has also been installed. Refer to: "Scan Driver Install Instructions".
- Scan
Utilities & Applications
- Date: Mar 8, 2016
- Version: 220.127.116.11
- Size: 3 MB
- Format: File
Font Management UtilityDescriptionFont Management Utility.
- Date: Jan 31, 2007
- Version:
- Format: WWW
Novell Distributed Print Services (NDPS)DescriptionClick the file link to visit the Xerox NDPS Gateway download page. Xerox NDPS Solution allows use of Novell NDPS with many models of Xerox printers .
- Date: Sep 15, 2005
- Version: 1.07
- Size: 3.2 MB
- Format: EXE
ControlCentreDescriptionThe Xerox WorkCentre PE220 ControlCentre lets you view and change fax options and phonebook in your computer.
- Date: Aug 1, 2007
- Version: 4.14
- Size: 753 KB
- Format: ZIP
Firmware v4.14DescriptionFirmware for the WorkCentre PE 220.Note: Recommended for use with Vista. Upgrade firmware using Control Centre.


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Watch Ryan Gosling Receive Acting Advice From JC Chasez in the '90s [VIDEO]by Michelle McGahan | PopCrush
'The Mickey Mouse Club' was full of great things, like early '90s Britney Spears and Justin Timberlake and pre-'Felicity' Keri Russell. But in a vintage video that has recently gained momentum, we've discovered that the absolute best thing about the show was this amazing clip of JC Chasez giving Ryan Gosling acting advice.
JC addresses the camera, reading a letter from a fan when a young Ryan bursts in, basketball in hand. After apologizing for the interruption (gotta love those Canadian manners), JC tells Ryan he would actually be interested in the letter, which asks the cast how they deal with nerves in front of the camera.
Innocent Ryan asks the future boy bander (and future 'Jesus Christ Superstar' performer) if he ever gets nervous, and JC responds, "Well, yeah, I mean I get nervous every now and then, especially when I'm acting."
"What do you do?" the wide-eyed star asks.
"I like to use the nervousness as an adrenaline," JC reveals. "I like to play off the audience a lot; I think they bring out the performance in me."
"Yeah, man, so that's cool," the future Academy Award-nominated actor says. "I'll try that."
"Oh, and another thing I do is a whole bunch of tongue twisters right before I go out, to enunciate and stuff like that and to loosen up my mouth," JC reveals, before giving Ryan the age-old tongue twister, 'Rubber Baby Buggy Bumpers,' to test out.
Watch the clip above!


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Nicki Minaj Teases 'Bang Bang' With Jessie J and Ariana Grande [VIDEO]by Thomas Chau | PopCrush
Nicki Minaj has given her fans a little taste of her new song 'Bang Bang,' which features a collaboration with British singer Jessie J and Ariana Grande. The 'Bang Bang' music video will be released on July 29.
In the short clip posted on her Instagram account, we hear a quick snippet of Nicki dropping rhymes. "Batman robin' it / Bang bang cockin' it / Queen Nicki dominant / Prominent," she states in the short teaser.
The video clip comes on the same day Minaj released the revealing, NSFW cover art for another track, 'Anaconda,' which will be released on July 28 on iTunes.
Minaj is currently working on her new album, 'The Pink Print,' which is scheduled to be released by the end of the year. In February, Minaj told NME that 'The Pink Print' would be very "next level' and different from her previous efforts.
So what do you think, Barbz and Arianators? Are you looking forward to seeing what they have cooked up for 'Bang Bang'?


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Claire McCardell Collection, MS 3066, 1923 – 1995
Collection Finding Aids of the Special Collections Department of the H. Furlong Baldwin Library of the Maryland Historical Society
1923 – 1995
Special Collections Department
H. Furlong Baldwin Library
Maryland Historical Society
201 West Monument Street
Baltimore, MD 21202
Tel: (410) 685-3750
Fax: (410) 385-2105
E-Mail: [email protected]
Internet: www.mdhs.org
Processed by Jennifer Kinniff
December 2005
Provenance: The Claire McCardell Collection was given to the H. Furlong Baldwin Library of the Maryland Historical Society in 1998-1999 by Robert and Adrian McCardell, brothers of Claire McCardell, along with items for the 1998 Claire McCardell museum exhibit. See museum accessions 1998.12, 1998.43, and 1999.10.
Size: 3.5 linear feet (six boxes, one oversize folder)
Access: Access to this collection is unrestricted.
Copyright: The Claire McCardell Collection is the physical property of the H. Furlong Baldwin Library of the Maryland Historical Society. Copyright belongs to the authors or creators of the works or their legal representatives. For further information, consult the Special Collections Librarian.
Permission: Permission to publish material from the collection must be
requested in writing from the Special Collections Librarian, Maryland Historical Society.
Preferred Citation: Claire McCardell Collection, 1923 – 1995, MS 3066
H. Furlong Baldwin Library, Maryland Historical Society
Items Transferred: Photographs were removed from this manuscript collection and can be found in PP238.
Two watercolor sketches were transferred to the MdHS Museum.
Claire McCardell, 1905 – 1958
Claire McCardell was born on May 24, 1905 to Adrian and Eleanore McCardell of Frederick, Maryland. Adrian McCardell was a state senator and president of the Frederick County National Bank. As a young child, Claire showed strong interest in clothing design and sewing, absorbing knowledge from the family seamstress and creating paper dolls for her own amusement. Claire graduated from Frederick High School in 1923 and made her intentions to study fashion design in New York clear to her family, but they felt she was too young at age 16 to begin such an adventure. Claire instead attended Hood College in Frederick from 1923 – 1925, and then enrolled in Parsons School of Design in New York City. She spent a year studying in Paris, learning about the work of the great design houses and purchasing secondhand designer clothing to take apart and study its construction. Claire received the first of what would be many mentions in the Frederick News in 1927 after she witnessed Charles Lindbergh's landing in Paris at the end of his historic transatlantic flight.
After graduating from Parsons, Claire struggled to find employment in New York's fashion industry and worked a series of short-term jobs. Her luck changed when she was hired to work as an assistant to designer Robert Turk in 1929. When Turk's venture failed, he and Claire joined Townley Frocks, a successful design house. Turk died unexpectedly in 1932, and Claire took over his position at the company and finished designing Turk's collection. The collection was a modest success, and Claire stayed with Townley for seven years. She came to the attention of the fashion world with her "Monastic" dress design in 1938. Claire also briefly worked for fashion house Hattie Carnegie when Townley closed for a short time in 1939, but her simple, relaxed style was not a good match with Carnegie. She rejoined Townley in 1940, and began to produce the designs that made her one of America's top designers.
Claire's designs became known as the ultimate expression of the new, uniquely American fashion style that distinguished itself from Paris. Her notable pieces included the "Popover," a simple, inexpensive wrap dress that was designed for women to wear from the kitchen to the dining room. An avid sportswoman, she designed many casual and sportswear pieces for the busy, modern American woman. These pieces included playsuits and the "diaper" bathing suit. Even her more formal suits and evening wear were true to her fashion ideals of comfort, ease and casual elegance.
Claire married Irving Drought Harris, an architect from Texas, in 1943. They spent their time in New York City and at their farmhouse in Frenchtown, New Jersey. Claire died March 22, 1958 after a battle with cancer, still in the prime of her designing career.
1923 – 1995
The papers in the Claire McCardell collection span the years from 1923 –1995. The materials consist of letters; newspaper and magazine articles, advertisements, and pictures of clothing; date books; passports; business correspondence; notes and manuscript drafts; and books published by and about Claire. The collection has been arranged in five series by types of material.
The bulk of the material consists of newspaper and magazine clippings of articles, fashion spreads, and advertisements featuring Claire or her designs. These mainly cover the period from 1940 – 1958; however, there are also obituaries, memorials, and retrospective articles spanning the dates of 1958 – 1995. The majority of the correspondence consists of letters Claire wrote to her parents during her studies at Parsons and in Paris, and in the subsequent years when she lived and worked in New York. Correspondence also includes Claire's business correspondence and fan mail (1936 – 1958), and her family's correspondence relating to her affairs and legacy after her death (1958 – 1995). The collection includes a sizeable amount of professional ephemera from various exhibits, retrospectives, and awards, and personal ephemera including mementos from her time in Paris. The collection's publication materials include a Claire McCardell paper doll set, notes and drafts of Claire's 1956 book "What Shall I Wear?" and numerous pattern publications.
When acquired, the collection consisted of a number of notebooks of material organized by topic by the McCardell family, as well as a large amount of material accumulated over time and not filed in an order significant to the collector. As a result, the collection has been arranged by subject matter, and all notebook materials are noted as such on file folders and have retained their original order. Among those who are known to have contributed papers to this collection are Claire McCardell, her parents Adrian and Eleanore McCardell, her brothers Adrian and Robert McCardell, her colleague Adolph Klein, and book authors and exhibit curators Kohle Yohannan and Nancy Nolf. Some preservation copying has been done for deteriorating newspaper and magazine items, carbon copies, and letters with mold damage. Additionally, notes on non-archival paper attached by the McCardell family to documents have been photocopied and filed together with the documents.
The Claire McCardell Collection offers materials of interest to researchers of women's history, fashion design, American fashion of the 1930s-1950s, and notable women of Maryland.
1923 – 1995
Series I: Correspondence; 1926 –1995 (Boxes 1-2)
This series contains assorted letters, notes, and writings from different stages of Claire McCardell's life and from the years following her death.
Subseries 1: Personal Correspondence, 1926 – 1940 (Box 1)
This subseries includes letters McCardell wrote to her parents when she lived in New York and Paris, both as a student and later as a designer. Subjects discussed include life in Paris and New York, family affairs, career aspirations, and college life. Claire describes seeing Charles Lindbergh land in Paris, meeting Ernest Hemingway on a ship, and the successes and challenges of her fashion career.
Subseries 2: Professional Correspondence, 1936 – 1995 (Box 1)
This subseries contains professional correspondence directed both to Claire herself and to her family members in the years following her death in 1958. Items include fan mail addressed to Claire and to her mother; Claire's miscellaneous correspondence from fashion editors, media outlets, and others; and a letter addressed to Adolph Klein offering condolences on Claire's death. Correspondence with the McCardell family includes invitations to events, appraisal of acknowledgement of clothing lent for exhibitions, and receipts for clothing lent. Of note are the correspondence files relating to two of Claire's products: her "SunSpecs" sunglasses and her book "What Shall I Wear?" These files contain thank-you letters from a number of noted fashion editors, writers, and even celebrities such as Joan Crawford and Ginger Rogers for complimentary sunglasses or books.
Subseries 3: Miscellaneous Notes and Writings, 1944 – 1950s (Box 2)
This subseries contains an assortment of notes, draft statements and speeches, and career timelines created by Claire or her publicists.
Series II: Articles 1935 –1995 (Boxes 2, 3, 5, 6 and oversize folder)
This series contains newspaper and magazine clippings and complete magazines.
Subseries 1: Magazines 1940s – 1990s (Boxes 5 and 6)
This subseries consists of complete magazines containing articles that feature
McCardell. Highlights include a May 2, 1955 edition of Time with McCardell featured on the cover, and a November 1956 edition of McCall's that includes a redacted version of "What Shall I Wear?"
Subseries 2: Other Articles 1930 – 1995 (Boxes 2, 3, and oversize folder)
This subseries contains newspaper and magazine clippings relating to McCardell's life and career. Some have been gathered by a news clipping service, while others appear to have been collected by the McCardell family.
Series III: Publicity 1941 –1995 (Boxes 3, 5, and oversize folder)
This series includes ephemera and published publicity for McCardell and her designs. Brief mentions and published photographs in newspapers and magazines are categorized by type of clothing or product. Other types of publicity include ephemera; endorsements featuring McCardell; and television show scripts.
Subseries 1: Clothing by Type, 1941 – 1985 (Boxes 3, 5, and oversize folder)
This subseries includes published drawings or photos of McCardell designs and garments, most often from newspapers and fashion or women's magazines.
Subseries 2: Other Publicity, 1943 - 1995 (Boxes 4, 5 and oversize folder)
This subseries includes ephemera from exhibits, retrospectives, and awards ceremonies and television show scripts from episodes featuring McCardell. Newspaper and magazine advertisements are also included, featuring McCardell endorsing everything from bread to fabric to cars and often marketing her own designs alongside the featured product.
Series IV: Personal 1923 –1977 (Box 4)
This series contains personal items found in the collection, including mementos from Paris such as postcards and a ship menu, a detailed horoscope prepared for McCardell in 1934, and a family history written by Roy McCardell, a cousin. The series also includes McCardell's two passports from 1926-1936 and date books from 1944-1957.
Series V: Publications 1955 –1957 (Boxes 4-5)
This series includes notes about and drafts of materials published by McCardell, as well as some of the published materials.
Subseries 1: What Shall I Wear? materials, 1955 – 1956 (Box 4)
This subseries contains materials relating to the book "What Shall I Wear?" published in 1955. These include notes and draft passages of the text, a complete draft manuscript, and a book jacket from the published work.
Subseries 2: Other Publications, 1951 - 1957 (Boxes 4-5)
This subseries contains items relating to other publications. One is a group of newspaper and magazine clippings advertising patterns of McCardell designs available for purchase. The other is a paper doll book with two figures and clothing for each.


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Q&A: Thailand-Cambodia temple dispute
A row over territory around the 11th Century border temple of Preah Vihear continues to strain ties between Thailand and Cambodia. The BBC looks at the background to the dispute.
Who owns the temple?
The Hindu temple was awarded to Cambodia by a 1962 ruling at the International Court of Justice, which both countries accepted at the time. Thailand does not officially claim ownership of the temple - the dispute is over the area surrounding it. Thailand says the ICJ ruling did not rule on the border, only on the temple itself.
The geography of the area makes sovereignty a particularly complicated issue. The temple is perched on top of a cliff, hundreds of feet above the Cambodian jungle. It has direct transport links to Thai towns and cities, and tourists can visit the temple from Thailand without the need for visas.
In fact, until 2003 access from Cambodian territory was possible only via a gruelling hike through jungle and mountains. In 2003 a road opened connecting a Cambodian town to the temple.
How long has the dispute been running?
The temple has been at the centre of a border dispute for more than a century. Maps drawn by Cambodia's French colonial rulers and Thailand (or Siam, as it was then known) early in the 20th Century showed the temple as belonging to Cambodia, but in later decades Thailand said the maps were not official and were therefore invalid.
The ICJ granted the temple to Cambodia in 1962, but the decision rankled Thailand. The dispute was largely moribund for decades as Cambodia plunged into a civil conflict that lingered until the 1990s.
The issue escalated again when Cambodia applied for it be listed as a Unesco World Heritage site in 2008. Thailand wanted it to be a joint Thai-Cambodia listing, but eventually withdrew its objection. The decision enraged Thai nationalists and both sides began a build-up of troops in the area.
In April 2009, soldiers exchanged fire across the disputed border. More serious trouble flared in February 2011, when at least eight people were killed in several days of fighting. The violence moved westwards to another set of temples in April, before shifting back to Preah Vihear, as widespread clashes forced tens of thousands to flee.
Is anyone trying to sort out the dispute?
In February 2011 Cambodia took the case to the UN Security Council, which then referred it to regional bloc Asean. Indonesia, as then-president of Asean, led mediation efforts. Both sides said they would allow access to Asean monitors.
However, Asean could do nothing to prevent further fighting flaring up again in April and talks between the leaders of the two countries failed to break the deadlock.
In April, Cambodia returned to the ICJ and requested it clarify its 1962 ruling. In July, the ICJ designated a demilitarised zone around the temple and ordered troops from both countries to leave the area.
Hearings at the ICJ began in April 2013. The court is set to rule on 11 November 2013.
Why is the temple so important?
The Hindu temple was built mainly in the 11th and 12th centuries, by the same Khmer civilisation that built Angkor Wat. The Khmers dominated the region for five centuries. As Cambodia has a tragic recent history of genocide and civil war, politicians often look to the glorious distant past to inspire nationalist sentiment.
And Cambodian nationalists often use Thailand as a bogeyman to stoke nationalist fervour - charting a litany of wrongs such as the successive Thai invasions that helped destroy the once mighty Khmer empires and rendered the country defenceless against French colonial conquest in the 19th Century.
Thailand also took advantage of the chaos during World War II to occupy large chunks of western Cambodia, including the temples at Angkor Wat. It was forced to hand them back when the war ended.
The Thai military often treated Cambodian refugees who fled the civil wars of the 1970s and 80s harshly - and Thailand backed the remnants of the Khmer Rouge in their struggle against the Vietnamese occupation, so helping prolong the civil war.
On the Thai side, the Khmer civilisation profoundly influenced Thai culture, and there are many famous Khmer-style temples in Thailand. In recent years, a powerful nationalist lobby allied to the military has helped drive a more muscular foreign policy agenda in Thailand.
The temple is also only one of several areas where the two countries disagree on where the border is. The maritime border is the subject of a dispute - and one which affects the development of oil and gas reserves in the Gulf of Thailand. The two sides had reached agreement on joint development, but the deal was then scrapped by the administration of former Thai Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva.