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Defending Capitalism against Ayn Rand
by Steven Farron | Posted July 26, 2012
The titles that Ayn Rand assigned to the three parts of Atlas Shrugged proclaim her insistence that logical contradictions cannot exist in reality. By contrast, the title of the magnum opus of the ultimate charlatan in Atlas Shrugged, Simon Pritchett, is The Metaphysical Contradictions of the Universe. Francisco d'Anconia and Hugh Akston explain to Dagny Taggart that whenever someone thinks he has encountered a contradiction, he must check his premises, and he will find that one of them is wrong (I.9, 7, 10).1
In this essay, I will follow d'Anconia's and Akston's advice. I will show that a fundamental contradiction pervades Atlas Shrugged because Rand failed to check her premises. She thought that the heroes she created were exemplars of pure, uncorrupted capitalism. In fact, the heroes she created in Atlas Shrugged came from her sense of life, which was not only un-capitalist but anti-capitalist. I will also show that this contradiction is extremely fortunate because it illuminates why capitalism is the most efficient and humane economic system ever implemented.
Rand often emphasized the importance of a person's "sense of life" and of art as its expression (e.g., Rand 1975: 31, 33, 44). She defined her sense of life and its artistic expression most clearly in an essay she wrote on Victor Hugo (1975: 153–61). In it she said, "Victor Hugo is the greatest novelist in world literature" because his characters are "a race of giants," who are not concerned with "penny ante." "'Grandeur' is the one word that names the leitmotif . . . of all of Hugo's novels — and of his sense of life."
The heroes Rand created in Atlas Shrugged came from her sense of life, which was not only un-capitalist but anti-capitalist.
In Atlas Shrugged, Rand created heroes who embodied her sense of life and described how such heroes would fulfill their heroic natures if they engaged in economic activities. She thought that the sum of their economic activities and interactions provides a template of what laissez-faire capitalism would be like. She was wrong. When the heroes who embody her sense of life engage in economic activities, they function like Communist administrators, not capitalist businessmen.2
To paraphrase Rand, "Grandeur is the one word that names" the sense of life of Communist economies. They had no concern with anything "penny ante." In the 1980s, when the economy of the Soviet Union was disintegrating, it was producing between 1.5 and two times more steel and cement than the United States and generating more electricity; it also had 2.5 times more machine tools. However, buttons, clothespins, babies' pacifiers, and thermometers were always extremely difficult to find in the Soviet Union (Shmelev and Popov 1989: 82, 132, 144). Toilet paper and toilet seats were such rare and precious commodities that when McDonald's opened a restaurant in Moscow, in 1990, its employees had to guard its restrooms to prevent customers stealing toilet paper and toilet seats (Goldman 1991: 166). The Soviet Union's heroic economy also did not provide contraceptives or a single practical guide to contraception. As a result, Soviet women averaged at least four legal abortions during their lives; and the average was higher in the non-Muslim regions of the Soviet Union. In addition, large numbers of illegal abortions were performed. Anesthetics could be obtained only by a large bribe (Feshbach and Friendly 1992: 208–9).
In Rand's novel The Fountainhead, the villain, Ellsworth Toohey, completely destroys Catherine Halsey's soul, and the visible sign of her corruption is that her mouth has adapted to giving orders, "not big orders or cruel orders; just mean little ones — about plumbing and disinfectants" (IV.10). Toohey has turned her into the opposite of a Communist. The Communists gave big, cruel orders and had no concern with mean little considerations. The heroes of Atlas Shrugged are heroic because, like Communist bureaucrats, they produce or maintain impressive products, not mean little ones. It would be unimaginable for a Rand hero to be a manufacturer of "penny ante" products, such as disposable baby diapers, menstrual tampons, or dependable contraceptives. But these distinctively 20th-century inventions improved the quality of life immeasurably by freeing people from preoccupation with brute, animal existence.
Most services would be included among "mean little" occupations. The Communists' heroic obsession with production caused them to ignore services, which, with a few exceptions, they did not even include in their gross domestic product statistics. In fact, Marxists always used the term "the means of production" as a synonym for "the economy." In modern capitalist countries, most businesspeople provide services. With one exception that I will discuss below, the only service that a hero in Atlas Shrugged provides is running railroads. This is clearly not a "mean little" occupation, and it was one of the few services that the Soviet Union included in its gross domestic product statistics (weight of freight times kilometers carried).
Moreover, Rand ignored all services in her representation of history (1963: 10–57) as a battle between Attila and the Witch Doctor and their antithesis, the Producer. Indeed, her practice of using "industrialist" as a synonym for businessperson excludes businesspeople who produce "penny ante" products, along with those who provide services. In his long speech in Atlas Shrugged, John Galt (i.e., Ayn Rand) says, "Productiveness is your acceptance of morality . . . productive work is the process by which man's consciousness controls his existence, a constant process of . . . shaping matter to fit one's purpose, of translating an idea into physical form, of remaking the earth in the image of one's values;" and, "the industrialists, the conquerors of matter" "have produced all the wonders of humanity's brief summer" (III.7).
It would be unimaginable for a Rand hero to be a manufacturer of disposable diapers, tampons, or dependable contraceptives.
It is true that the great philosopher Hugh Akston owns a diner and cooks its food, which he does with extraordinary skill, making "the best-cooked food she [Dagny] had ever tasted" (I.10). However, Rand does not let this fact affect her conceptualization of productive work when Galt tells Dagny, "We take nothing but the lowliest jobs and we produce by the effort of our muscles" (III.1).3
In her short story "The Simplest Thing in the World" (1975: 173-85), Rand depicts a writer of fiction who cannot make a living because he has the same sense of life as Rand. The writer decides he has to create the type of story that will sell: "a simple, human story," which consists of "lousy bromides." "It mustn't have any meaning," and its characters must be petty because "[s]mall people are safe." However, he is incapable of writing such a story. Every time he tries, his sense of life thwarts his conscious efforts, and he starts composing a story about heroes. The reason, as Rand explains in her introduction, is that his "sense of life directs . . . and controls his creative imagination." To exemplify this fact, he begins to write "a story about a middle-aged millionaire who tries to seduce a poor young working girl." He is "a big tycoon who owns a whole slew of five-and tens [i.e., discount stores]." But the author cannot write this story. As he develops the story in his mind, his sense of life makes him forget about the girl and transform the villain into a hero. As part of the transformation, he says to himself, "to hell with the five-and-ten!" The hero now builds ships because he is driven by "a great devotion to a goal." He is motivated by "a great driving energy . . . the principle of creation itself. It's what makes everything in the world. Dams and skyscrapers and transatlantic cables." "[H]e wants to work — not to make money, just to work, just to fight" (emphasis added). So, an author with Ayn Rand's sense of life could not make the hero of his works a retailer, no matter how successful he might be; not even Sam Walton, who founded Walmart and built it into the company with the greatest revenue of any company in the world.
Because the Soviets had the same sense of life as the author in this short story (i.e., the same as Rand), they were extremely proud of the enormous hydroelectric dams they built, and their retailing was horribly inefficient. In the Soviet Union, people had to wait in long lines for any purchase. If someone had time to spare, he would wait in a line to buy something he did not need, in order to barter it with someone who had waited in another line to buy something else. When McDonald's opened its first restaurant in Moscow, it set all records for number of customers: 40,000 to 50,000 a day, even though its food cost twice as much as the food in state-run cafeterias. It had twenty-seven cash registers. In Communist countries, the length of a line of customers showed how valuable the merchandise was at the end of that line. So, McDonald's had to have ushers to tell customers not to go to the longest line (Goldman 1991: 166–7; Blackman 1990).
The opening of this first McDonald's — an event that, as much as any other, marked the end of Communism — illustrates another serious defect in Communist-Objectivist ideals. A small notice in a Soviet newspaper drew 27,000 applicants for jobs as counter clerks, even though the anticipated salary was only average by Soviet standards. Those who were chosen had to be trained to smile at customers and speak politely to them. Their training was so successful that customers could not believe that the clerks were Soviet-raised Russians (Blackman 1990; Goldman 1991: 166–7).
An author with Ayn Rand's sense of life could not make the hero of his works a retailer, no matter how successful he might be.
Rand used "grocery clerk" to symbolize the antithesis of her ideal (1964: viii; 1975: 84). In her first novel, We the Living, when the heroine, Kira, sees her future lover Leo for the first time,she observes that "[h]is mouth . . . was that of an ancient chieftain who could order men to die, and his eyes were such as could watch it." However, Leo says to Kira, with bitter humor, "I'm nothing like what you think I am. I've always wanted to be a Soviet clerk who sells soap and smiles at customers" (I.4). Again, Rand reversed Communism and capitalism. Men who could order others to die and watch their death calmly characterized Communism. Smiling clerks, who sell unimpressive products, characterize capitalism.
When Nathaniel Branden was the official Objectivist expert on psychology, he wrote, "[P]roductive work is the process through which a man achieves that sense of control over his life which is the precondition of his being able fully to enjoy the other values possible to him … [P]roductive . . . achievements lead to pride" ("Self-Esteem: Part IV,"The Objectivist, June 1967). Branden, as he himself later realized, was exaggerating. But he was exaggerating a truth. A feeling of control over one's life and pride in productive achievements are certainly wonderful feelings. They can derive directly from the type of work done by Communist administrators and the heroes of Rand's novels, especially if, like Howard Roark, they have an uncapitalist indifference to money and accept only those projects that appeal to them. However, a feeling of control over one's life and pride in achievements do not follow directly from the type of work that most people in a capitalist society do: salesmen, accountants, insurance brokers, bank clerks, and manufacturers of "penny ante" products, like clothespins and underpants.
Nearly all readers of Rand's novels, even those who disagree with her philosophy, recognize that she was a brilliant novelist. But not even her brilliance as a novelist could have made a gripping, inspirational novel about the work that is done in distinctively capitalist occupations, occupations that do not exist in Communist countries, such as advertising or being a real estate agent. In fact, the first jobs of the odious Wesley Mouch were in advertising (Atlas II.6).
Let us consider briefly the novelist whom Rand (1975: 119) regarded as the best of the naturalists, Sinclair Lewis. When Lewis wanted to write novels about admirable protagonists, he made them a dedicated research scientist (Martin Arrowsmith) and the president of a car company (Sam Dodsworth), who began his career as assistant manager of production. When Lewis wanted a pathetic protagonist, he made him a real estate agent (George Babbitt). Babbitt, like Dodsworth, is successful at his work. But Lewis says in the first chapter that Babbitt "made nothing in particular, neither butter nor shoes nor poetry;" and he "detested the grind of the real estate business, and disliked his family, and disliked himself for disliking them."
The discussion so far illuminates a crucial benefit of the love of money. It entices people into occupations that they may not find interesting or inspiring, but are socially necessary; and it exerts constant pressure on business owners to provide what the public wants, not what they enjoy doing.
In all of Rand's novels, only one business owner completely embodies the capitalist ethos. That is the press tycoon Gail Wynand, in The Fountainhead, who becomes fabulously rich through selfless service to the public, by providing it with what it wants: a lowbrow, sentimental, lurid newspaper. As he says (IV.11), he has led a life of "[s]elflessness in the absolute sense." He "erased [his] ego out of existence" by following the principle, "Give the greatest pleasure to the greatest number." However, according to Rand, Wynand is guilty of the most horrible sin in her moral universe: betraying himself.
Men who could order others to die and watch their death calmly characterized Communism. Smiling clerks, who sell unimpressive products, characterize capitalism.
Wynand's opposite is Nathaniel Taggart, in Atlas Shrugged, who is supposed to be the archetypal capitalist. As Dagny recalls (I.8), "He said that he envied only one of his competitors, the one who said, 'The public be damned!'" Nothing could be more antithetical to the motivation of a successful business owner in a capitalist society. This is the ethos of the head of a production unit in a Communist economy, who derives exhilaration and pride from productive achievement without regard to providing the public with what it wants.
Rand's story "The Simplest Thing in the World" is an excellent illustration of this point. It assumes that an author with Rand's sense of life is compelled to create a protagonist who does not work for money and therefore chooses to build ships instead of discount stores. This contrast is factually accurate. Someone motivated by money would not consider shipbuilding as a business career since, in economically advanced countries, shipbuilders can stay in business only by means of tariff protection or government subsidies or both. But he would certainly consider the business of discount stores, since they have proved to be the most profitable (i.e., socially useful) branch of retailing.
The economic role of money in constantly driving economic participants to provide the public with what it wants is related to an admirable moral attribute of the free market. It is completely democratic and non-coercive; no one can interfere with other people spending their money on what they want. In her essay "What Is Capitalism?" (1967: 17, 20) Rand showed that she was fully aware of this fundamental attribute of capitalism (the italics are Rand's):
[T]he works of Victor Hugo are objectively of immeasurably greater value than true-confession magazines. But if a given man's intellectual potential can barely manage to enjoy true confessions, there is no reason why his meager earnings, the product of his effort, should be spent on books he cannot read.
The tribal mentalities attack this principle . . . by a question such as: "Why should Elvis Presley make more money than Einstein?" The answer is: Because men work in order to support and enjoy their own lives — and if many men find value in Elvis Presley, they are entitled to spend their money on their own pleasure.
It is the Gail Wynands who provide true-confessions magazines and Elvis Presley CDs.
At this point, many readers will object that Ayn Rand appreciated the value of money. She ended Atlas Shrugged with its hero tracing the sign of the dollar in space, made a gold dollar sign Atlantis' "coat of arms, its trademark, its beacon" (III.1), and herself often wore a gold dollar sign pinned to her dress.
Yet in The Fountainhead, Toohey asks Peter Keating about Roark (II. 4), "Does he like money;" and Keating replies No. But long before that, the reader has learned that Roark's abnormal indifference to money is one of the essential characteristics that make him the hero of this novel. Indeed, in "The Simplest Thing in the World," Rand assumed that an author with her sense of life must write only about heroes who do not care about money.
Rand assumed that an author with her sense of life must write only about heroes who do not care about money.
In Atlas Shrugged, Rand sometimes has her heroes claim that their goal is to make money. At the opening of the John Galt Line, which is by far the greatest achievement of both Dagny and Hank Rearden (I.8), a reporter asks Dagny her "motive in building that Line." She answers, "the profit which I expect to make." Another reporter cautions her, "That's the wrong thing to say." But she repeats it. Yet before her trip begins, she looks at the crowd that has gathered and notices that they are there, not because these people expect to make a profit, but "because the sight of an achievement was the greatest gift a human being could offer to others." The description of the ride on the John Galt Line is the most exhilarating fiction writing I can recall reading; and I have read a great deal of narrative fiction, in ancient Greek, Latin, English, and French. For Dagny, "It was the greatest sensation of existence; not to trust, but to know." "She felt the sweep of an emotion which she could not contain, as of something bursting upward." And what about the engine drivers? Every one of them who was available volunteered to drive the train despite persistent warnings of danger. Surely, they were not motivated by money.
At least in their economic interactions, money should be the primary consideration of the heroes of a novel that ends with the dollar sign traced in the air. In Part I, Chapter 1, Dagny's parasitical brother James says to her, "I don't like Hank Rearden." Dagny replies, "I do. But what does that matter, one way or another? We need rails and he is the only one who can give them to us." James Taggart, typically of him, replies, "You have no sense of the human element at all." This conversation crystallizes capitalist and uncapitalist mentalities.
Nevertheless, the economic decisions of the heroes of Atlas Shrugged are constantly motivated by the human element. That is true even of the one major character in Atlas Shrugged who is a pure capitalist, Midas Mulligan. He says he joined the strike because of a vision, in which he "saw the bright face and the eyes of young Rearden . . . lying at the foot of an altar . . . and what stood on that altar was Lee Hunsacker, with the mucus-filled eyes" (III.1). In Part II, Chapter 3, Francisco asks Rearden: did you want the rail you made for the John Galt Line used by your equals, like Ellis Wyatt, and by men such as Eddie Willers, who do not match your ability but who "equal your moral integrity" and "riding on your rail — give a moment's silent thanks"? Rearden answers Yes. Francisco then asks, "Did you want to see it used by whining rotters?" Rearden answers, "I'd blast that rail first." Francisco then explains that by "whining rotter" he means "any man who proclaims his right to a single penny of another man's effort." But no economy, whether socialist or capitalist, could function for one day if producers acted in this way. In Part II, Chapter 10, Dagny says that Nathaniel Taggart, supposedly the archetypical capitalist, "couldn't have worked with people like these passengers. He couldn't have run trains for them." But no one running a train line, even in a socialist economy, could possibly consider the moral worth of its passengers, or any consideration besides their paying for the ride.
No one running a train line, even in a socialist economy, could possibly consider the moral worth of its passengers, or any consideration besides their paying for the ride.
I will conclude with the most frequently quoted explanation of why the market is the most effective means of providing people with what they want. It is by Adam Smith, in Book I, Chapter II of The Wealth of Nations: "It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker that we expect our dinner, but from their regard for their own interest. We address ourselves . . . to their self-love." Butchers, brewers, and bakers had a very low priority in Communist countries. When McDonald's opened its first restaurant in Moscow, it had to train its own butchers (Goldman 1991: 166). It is also unimaginable for an Ayn Rand hero to be a butcher, brewer, or baker. The self-interest and self-love that induces people to become butchers, brewers, and bakers and to perform those jobs well is totally different from the heroic self-love of Rand's heroes. It is an unheroic desire to support themselves and their families in comfort and security.
In her essay "What Is Capitalism?" Ayn Rand showed that she understood as well as Smith why love of money is wonderfully socially beneficial. In her fiction, however, her anti-capitalist sense of life obliterated that knowledge.
1. I cite passages in Rand's novels by the part of the novel in which they occur and the chapter in that part. I do not cite page numbers because there are many editions, and each has different pagination from the others.
2. I write "Communist" with a capital "C" to indicate a member of a Marxist-Leninist Communist Party. Many people have championed a communist society (with a small "c"), beginning with the first two extant projections of an ideal society: Plato's Republic and Aristophanes' Ecclesiazusae, both from the 4th century BC.
3. Several of the heroes provide services while they are in Galt's Gulch. But these jobs are merely stopgaps until they return to the world and use their talents again in their real work.
Blackman, Ann 1990: "Moscow's Big Mak Attack." Time (February 5).
Feshbach, Murray and Friendly, Alfred Jr. 1992: Ecocide in the USSR: Health and Nature under Siege. London: Aurum Press.
Goldman, Marshall 1991: What Went Wrong with Perestroika. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
Rand, Ayn 1963: For the New Intellectual. New York: Signet.
Rand, Ayn 1964: The Virtue of Selfishness. New York: Signet.
Rand, Ayn 1967: Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal. New York: Signet.
Rand, Ayn 1975: The Romantic Manifesto, revised edition. New York: Signet.
Shmelev, Nikolai and Popov, Vladimir 1989: The Turning Point: Revitalizing the Soviet Economy, translated by Michele A. Berdy. New York: Doubleday.
Editor's Note: This article is part of a much longer monograph with the same title. It can be obtained from the author at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Until his retirement, Steven Farron was a professor of Classics at the University of the Witwatersrand, in South Africa. In addition to publications on Homer, Vergil, and Horace, he has written a book on affirmative action, The Affirmative Action Hoax, and a monograph, Prejudice Is Free, but Discrimination Has Costs: The Holocaust and its Parallels (available from the author), in which he argues that the Holocaust was the most ruthless implementation of affirmative action ever undertaken
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Russell Hasan
I strongly disagree with the ideas in this essay, and I am surprised to see that I am perhaps the first reader of Liberty to leave a comment exploring the glaring defects in the logic of the arguments presented. I will summarize my disagreement in two areas:
1. Ayn Rand was, as a matter of factual history and practical reality, one of the greatest defenders of capitalism, and one of communism's most virulent and effective critics. To say that Rand was a supporter of communism and enemy of capitalism is simply absurd. It is mind-boggling in its degree of being out of touch with reality. One can debate whether or not Rand was a libertarian, as she said that she was not and had a big conflict with Rothbard. But she was obviously a supporter of capitalism, and turned an entire generation of young people on to libertarianism.
2. The author, Mr. Farron, seems to be making this argument: Rand's novels featured heroes who were heroic and grand, communism is heroic and grand whereas capitalism is menial and small and boring, therefore Rand was a communist. I would reply that it is precisely because she presented a vision of capitalism that is heroic and grand, which set fire to the passions of people and created a noble, heroic, idealistic vision of economic freedom, that Rand had such a beneficial impact on the world in terms of fighting socialism. Under the author's view nobody could ever get excited about defending freedom, and so freedom would soon die out.
I think that Liberty Magazine should feature a diversity of opinions, and I personally am not one of Rand's most blindly devoted or loyal of followers, but if I must come to her defense in the name of rationality and sanity then so be it.
Sat, 2012-07-28 13:18
Even if a reader is unfamiliar with the source material of Rand's I fail to see how the evidence Farron provides adequately supports the grand premises set out in his thesis. This essay claims to prove that:
A) The heroes of Atlas Shrugged were not "exemplars" of capitalism.
B) Ayn Rand's "sense of life" is anti-capitalist.
C) The characters of Atlas Shrugged behave like communist administrators. (this last premise seems to be treated as more of a corollary to the first two, but it's worth noting since it's a rather bold claim)
The major thrust of Farron's evidence seems to be proving that Rand's "sense of life" is expressed through the grandiose and that this sense of grandeur pervades all of the heroes in her works, including Atlas shrugged. The author also provides evidence ad nauseam for the Soviet's sense of grandeur and their admiration for the large, impressive, projects at the expense of the "penny ante" works.
In order to satisfy the premise of the argument we would have to, at the very least, accept that: A) The Soviet's and Rand's appreciation of grandeur indicate a similar ideology. B) Rand's appreciation for grandeur represents an anti-capitalist tendency. C) Rand's decision not to focus on the "penny ante" producers in her writings indicates a beliefe that only grand-scale "industrialists" constitute capitalism.
The evidence provide in this essay (It seems that there is a 35,500 word treatise that perhaps satisfies some of these claims more completely) is simply insufficient to support any one of the initial claims, let alone all of them. What we're left with is cum hoc ergo propter hoc arguments presented as facts and a handful of non sequiturs that attempt to somehow paint Rand, and by extension her heroes, as ideologically similar to a communist.
While Farron accuses Rand of making no room for the "penny ante" in her supposed capitalist world it seems that Farron is equally guilty of making no affordance for grandeur or heroism in capitalism. By the end of the essay I couldn't help but wonder if the author himself even fully believes the claims he's making or if this is simply an interesting example of contrarian writing for the sake of argument amongst those who all essentially agree.
Tue, 2012-07-31 12:52
Rodney Choate
Mr. Hasan, you weren't the first reader of Liberty to question Farron's methods, if not his motives. I was. See my post below. I also attempted to use the opportunity to point out how some followers of Objectivism have little interest in actual scholarship in the matter and read NO non-fiction Objectivist materials- only the novels.
Farron lifted selected images out of the context of the novel, twisted their meaning and proper interpretation, then called them essential to Objectivism. This, done by a person claiming to be a scholar, is worse than a mere mistake.
I, too, am surprised by those who bought into the article.
Am I that bad of a writer that the tone of my original response was missed?
Mon, 2012-07-30 14:42
Russell, I too am surprised at the lack of comment on this article. I took the weekend to think it over.
I think the author of this article takes Rand out of context. She wrote her novels following a point in time when altruism had displayed a bloody climax during the first half of the 20th century, and socialism was nevertheless on it's way to becoming the dominant political philosophy of our time. It is self-sacrificial socialist thinking against which she weighed, and though she did so oftentimes narrowly, she nevertheless remains a voice in the wilderness. Thus, she became widely read, and that's a big understatement.
Today's advocates of Libertarian thought rarely discuss altruism. It's a word about which I hear little said, though it's at the base of most political dogma. Rand's focus was narrowly about this subject, and she stayed with the thought to the exclusion of all else. One might say that she "sacrificed" her literary skills to task of making her point.
Mon, 2012-07-30 14:05
Dear Mr. Hasan,
My views are essentially Hayekian: human emotions and thought-patterns evolved during the millions of years that our human and proto-human ancestors lived in small hunting groups, in which everyone worked together towards clearly defined goals. We constantly try to replicate that type of life; for example, with team sports, and, at the lower end of the socioeconomic scale, gangs. This genetically inherited predisposition explains why there have been innumerable political parties called socialist, but there has never in the history of the world been one political party called capitalist. It also explains why conservatives try to match socialism's appeal to the innate human craving for solidarity, community, and idealism by diverting attention from economics to religion and patriotism.
I agree with you unequivocally that Rand was such an effective champion of capitalism because she "presented a vision of capitalism that is heroic and grand, which set fire to the passions of people." That is exactly my point. Admiration for heroism is another fundamental attribute that we humans inherit genetically from the small hunting group. Rand could ignite a passionate devotion for capitalism because her sense of life was un-capitalistically heroic. With her dazzling brilliance as a novelist, she projected that universal un-capitalist admiration for heroism onto characters who, in accordance with her ideological commitment, seem to be capitalist businessmen.
In other words, capitalism is so unappealing to the human heart and mind that the only way to inspire passionate devotion to it is by distorting it in the way Rand did. Otherwise, we are condemned to use the argument that the Left's proposals – e.g., more extensive medical care – sound good; but, if you think them through carefully, step by step, you will see that they do more harm than good. As Margaret Thatcher observed, "The Left has the ideals, and we counter with accountancy." But that is the only way that exponents of the free market can HONESTLY counter the Left's arguments; and it puts us in an extremely weak (in fact, probably hopelessly weak) position in political debate.
Please allow me to email to you the monograph (35,500 words) of which this article is a condensation, and then see what you think of my position. Just email me at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Mon, 2012-07-30 07:32
Russell Hasan
Dear Mr. Farron,
I do have respect for your attempt to analyze Rand in a scholarly fashion. You say that you are "Hayekian." The difference between you and Hayek is that "The Road to Serfdom" was a brilliant book showing that socialism is akin to the Nazi Party, in other words, is *evil*. You obviously concede to the Left that capitalism has no moral, ethical, virtuous, inspirational values. E.g. your saying "capitalism is so unappealing to the human heart and mind that the only way to inspire passionate devotion to it is by distorting it in the way Rand did." Let me tell you what Rand might have said in reply to you. If you concede morality to the Left, then you are giving victory to the socialists and communists, and you are betraying the capitalists and giving your sanction to the destruction of capitalism. I don't know how to make you understand this other than with words that you seem to ignore, but the fundamental root premise of your essay is that morality and heroism are communist values and oppose capitalism. Concede that premise, and you give the world to the sickness which is Leftism. Thus, I am trying not to be rude or insulting, but I view you as a Leftist in sheep's clothing, not as a Hayekian--and I think both Rand and Hayek would agree with me if they were alive to read your article. Also, as appealing as it sounds, I am too busy right now to have the time to read your monograph, so I respectfully decline your offer.
Fri, 2012-08-03 18:44
Dear Mr. Hasan II
This is a belated reply to your response. By a Hayekian, I am referring to Hayek's epistemology, which is most concisely expressed in his The Fatal Conceit. It was because of his epistemology that Rand described Hayek as "real poison," and a "total, complete, vicious bastard" (Brian Doherty, Radicals for Capitalism, pages 189, 653, note 84).
Hayek's Road To Serfdom turned out to be completely wrong. Government economic intervention, even on the scale that was practiced by the British Labor Party, did not lead to serfdom in any democratic country.
Sun, 2012-08-05 08:19
Fred Mora
Very interesting article! Thank you for this contribution to the exegesis of Ayn Rand.
Fri, 2012-07-27 23:14
Rodney Choate
Many (self described) Objectivists have never read a non-fiction treatise on the Philosophy, instead getting their understanding of it from reading Atlas Shrugged, The Fountainhead, etc. While that strategy is bad enough for the "friends" of Objectivism, Farron takes it to its logical conclusion by thinking it fair and rational to attack (I think that being a fair term to use in this case) Rand and her philosophy simply by using selected images from its own art- not difficult for a skilled, clever writer, which Farron is.
Fri, 2012-07-27 22:41
Dear Mr. Choate,
You seem to think that my article is persuasive, but only because I am "a skilled, clever writer." Please allow me to email to you the monograph (35,500 words) of which this article is a condensation, and then see what you think of my position. Just email me at email@example.com.
Incidentally, I have taught both Plato and Aristotle in Greek; and during those courses, I always recommended to my students Ayn Rand's brilliant "Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology."
Sat, 2012-07-28 07:14
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Academic Resources
Individual attention and unconditional support
The College of Charleston is famous for its commitment to every student's success. We're a university of more than 10,000 undergraduate and 1,000 graduate students, each of whom deserves personal attention and total academic support. Whether you need a tutor in freshman physics or funding for a senior research project, we've got you covered.
Academic Advising and Planning Center (AAPC)
The Academic Advising and Planning Center (AAPC) prepares undergraduate students to navigate all aspects of academic planning by promoting an atmosphere that encourages self-exploration and resource utilization in support of academic success, as well as the timely and informed pursuit of an academic major.
Professional academic advisors work individually with students to identify values, discover strengths and abilities, establish goals and develop an action plan toward graduation and beyond, including appropriate course selection.
Center for Student Learning (CSL)
The trained and experienced staff, faculty and peer tutors at CSL offer tutoring on a walk-in basis (accounting, math, Spanish and French, writing, speaking) or by appointment (subject area tutoring, all other foreign languages). Have a specific question about studying at the college level? Students can receive a personalized study skill consultation. The staff also organizes group study sessions and standardized test preparation classes for GRE, GMAT, LSAT, MCAT, PRAXIS and more.
Grice Marine Laboratory
This facility supports teaching and research in the marine sciences, especially in evolutionary biology, marine biogeography, cellular and molecular biology, benthic ecology, immunology, microbial ecology, phytoplankton ecology, environmental physiology, fish systematics and invertebrate zoology.
Language Resource Center
Designed to meet the technology needs of students in the School of Languages, Cultures, and World Affairs, the Language Resource Center is a fully stocked multi-media laboratory. The audio library is 100 percent online and includes material in eight languages. Students and faculty can also check out videos, laptops, projectors and video cameras, and use the center's computer lab to create special projects.

subset: commoncrawl


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Train Marne La Vallee → Montpellier
Duration 69J 10h -
Marne la Vallée, a lot of fun, close to the french capital You will find Marne la Vallée in the eastern part of the Ile de France Region, near Paris, the french capital. Marne la Vallée is world-famous for housing the well known touristic attraction Disneyland Resort Paris. Learn more about Marne La Vallee
Montpellier, a vibrant city
Montpellier, a pioneer of ecological urbanism Montpellier is one of the most important cities of France in terms of population. It is located in southern France, in the very heart of the Languedoc-Roussillon region and about 12 kilometres away from the Mediterranean Sea. Montpellier is a fast expanding city, and it is one of best places to experience the art de vivre of the southern region of France. This makes Montpellier an ideal holiday destination as well as a renowned student city. Montpellier is a pilot city for ecological urbanism in France. Discover its wide pedestrian area and blue decorated tramways. You'll be amazed to learn that its trams are designed by artists including Garouste, Bonetti and Christian Lacroix. Montpellier can also be visited by using the bike along the brand new bike path that follows the Lez River. The bike is also great to visit vineyards or to go to the beach. Learn more about Montpellier


text:
Wednesday, March 28, 2007
Smoked Salmon "Gravlox" Part 2 – It worked!
I really hope you give this a try. It may seem a bit scary curing your own fish, but it's been done for centuries and besides, like I said in Part 1, smoked salmon and Gravlox in the gourmet stores are really expensive. I didn't give any serving suggestions. Did you need any? However you currently consume your smoked salmon will work for this house-made version. Ladies and Gentlemen, start your bagels. Enjoy!
Safety Note: Since this has been cured with salt, it will keep, tightly wrapped, for several days in the fridge. But, as the old joke goes, if you need to keep it longer than that, then it wasn't that good. Believe me, this will disappear quickly.
10 comments:
- Unknown said...
Great blog, something I have been wanting to do! Great recipes.
- March 28, 2007 at 5:06 PM
- Chef John said...
Thanks! Tell all your foodie friends!
- March 28, 2007 at 5:41 PM
Very nice as always. I love your blog, it is my daily routine to watch.... I enjoy cooking.
Is there anyway to make Anchovies at home???
- January 24, 2008 at 11:54 PM
no no no! it's gravlAx, with an A.
I'm from sweden, we eat gravad lax (as it usually is called) all the time. (TIP) it's great in toast (sandwiched, preferably white wheat sour dough bread), with a mozzarella slice and some tomato... yum!
- August 17, 2008 at 8:25 PM
Did you ever star selling your smokes salt mixture? Sounds interesting. Thanks!
- March 2, 2011 at 3:06 PM
I made this last weekend for our Sunday brunch and it was outstanding!
I used a cure of Spanish smoked paprika (unbelievable flavor/smell), kosher salt, brown sugar and regular sugar. I followed your directions exactly except I used a ziplock bag since I didn't have cheesecloth.
The flavor was PERFECT! My wife is a smoked salmon snob, and she loved it. Served it on a toasted bagel with cream cheese, capers, red onion, lemon juice, black pepper and a slice of tomato!
btw, I really enjoy your blog!
- July 30, 2011 at 2:18 PM
- Unknown said...
I am DEFINITELY!! trying this. I'll use the cheesecloth but then vacuum seal the bundle in a Foodsaver bag. Any thoughts? I might not need the pans and weights.
- January 15, 2014 at 11:27 AM
- Chef John said...
Not sure! Never tried that before. Good luck!
- January 15, 2014 at 11:44 AM
- Unknown said...
I've looked all over for an easy to follow cold smoked salmon recipe. Chef John, your Gravlox is just what I needed. You might want to repost given the number of times the Costco Kirkland salmon knock off recipe shows up when I searched. Yours is easy to follow and the end product is so delicious!!! Nan Gile.
- January 16, 2017 at 1:52 PM
- Unknown said...
Just unwrapped my salmon and I definitely over cured it! It tasted delicious but it is like eating salmon wrapped around a salt lick. So I'm trying to save it by soaking slices of it in cold water. Pray for me please.
- November 15, 2017 at 8:11 PM


text:
18thFloor necesitaba un nuevo diseño de tema de wordpress y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 12 diseños de 5 diseñadores freelance.
18th Floor Ventures
We're a technology venture firm that works with early-stage companies refine their business models, access capital and create compelling products. 18th Floor augments where necessary to accelerate the product to market and create the closest product-market fit possible.
Our market is comprised of technology entrepreneurs with a broad vision but incomplete access to a qualified team and capital. If you have a great idea, come to the 18th Floor.
We need an original identity that captures the spirit of the 18th Floor and its target market. We're looking for a progressive, web 2.0 design without being too cute. Nothing corporate -- something more fun. Look at Bootup Labs (http://www.bootuplabs.com) as a simple, clean, genre that we're looking to achieve.
For the information architecture, we're very simple:
Home, Team, Portfolio, FAQ, Contact Us
The homepage will be one design with typical content areas in the main section describing who we are, etc. We'd like an area to integrate more dynamic content like a Twitter feed as well somewhere on the homepage. Everything else is typical of what you see on a site like this.
The subpages for Team, Portfolio, FAQ and Contact Us can all be the same design. We'd like to have a subnavigation area on each subpage, but other than that we'll provide all the content.
For the logo, we're open to ideas. Nothing too cute, but it needs to stand out and be something we can use as a brand effectively. 18th Floor was founded on the principals of great teams and great results when creating products with some of the founding team of 18th Floor; we want that spirit to be embodied in the logo somehow, if possible. 18th Floor is where the launch of a great company and a great product happen.


text:
Wednesday, March 14, 2012
Ted White Q&A: Orginalism and the Charles River Bridge Case
Q: Does the Taney Court's Charles River Bridge case decision square with originalism? (I understand that some scholars consider that CJ Taney's opinion in Dred Scott was an early Court example of originalism.)
A: I can't think of any scholars who have taken the position (in print) that Taney's opinion in the Charles River Bridge case was an "early example of orginalism." Portions of Taney's opinion in Dred Scott might qualify, at least insofar as he tried to ground the conclusion that African-American slaves or their descendants could not bring suit in the federal courts because African-Americans were thought of as holding "a degraded status" during the framing period, so that the privileges and immunities of "citizens of the United States" in Article IV of the Constitution did not apply to them. But the Charles River Bridge case, by the time it was eventually decided by the Court, was about whether the Contracts Clause of the Constitution implicitly contained the common law principle that a legislature could not take property from A and give it to B without compensation. That was not an "originalist" reading of the Contracts Clause; it was a reading that had been supplied by some early nineteenth-century Contracts Clause decisions of the Court and some commentators, notably Joseph Story, and it rested on something like natural law, "first principles of free republican governments." Taney's opinion rejected that reading, not because of the "original understanding" of the Contracts Clause but on two other grounds: first, contracts should be strictly construed (offered as a common law principle of interpretation), and, second, "improvements" in transportation would be impeded if the franchisees of legislatures could prevent any subsequent competition in a transportation sector, even if such competition was welcomed by subsequent legislatures allegedly representing the public as a whole.
1 comment:
- Shag from Brookline said...
I very much appreciate Prof. White's response to what may have been a premature inquiry. Perhaps with Volume 3 of his major book project there will be an extensive chapter on Originalism. By way of background, I took ConLaw back in the fall of 1952 with Prof. Thomas Reed Powell, when the focus was on the Commerce Clause, before the Warren Court. Back then there was no discussion of Originalism, which became spotlighted in the early 1980s with Ed Meese's "original intent" version of Originalism. Many changes in the theory have taken place since then. In my retirement from the practice of law, I have refocused on Constitutional Law and have read quite a few articles and texts on constitutional interpretation. The articles and books continue to be published in the continuing battle of Originalism versus Non-Originalism.
I do not have the discipline of a legal historian. I think it would be interesting if some young legal historians considered going back to day one of the Supreme Court to review decisions to determine, as best they can, what might have been the outcomes had Originalism's (in its current version) principles been applied and what America might look like today had Originalism prevailed from day one. I'm too old (81) to consider such an undertaking myself. I recognize the difficulty of the task of determining "what ifs." But the battle of Originalism versus Non-Originalism continues, with some on the Originalism side pushing for overruling Supreme Court precedents that they deem failed Originalism.
One again, I thank Prof. White and hope to live long enough for the publications of Volumes 2 and 3.
- March 16, 2012 at 8:45:00 AM EDT


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TroCAM is compatible with the Speedy and the SP series.


text:
Cooking For Engineers
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Kitchen Notes: Maple Syrup Grades
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Cooking For Engineers
Joined: 10 May 2005
Posts: 16776765
Posted: Tue Jan 31, 2006 8:43 am
Post subject: Kitchen Notes: Maple Syrup Grades
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Kitchen Notes: Maple Syrup Grades
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Recently, I used maple syrup in the
Pecan Pie
recipies. Most of us are familiar with the taste of maple syrup (from eating pancakes), but what is maple syrup and what do the grades mean?
What is Maple Syrup?
Maple syrup is made by reducing the clear sap from maple trees into a high concentration sugar suspended in water. When the maple sap is harvested, it is a watery liquid (not thick, sticky, and viscous like other saps we are familiar with). This sap mostly water, about two percent sugar (with some impurities). The sap is then boiled until much of the water has evaporated. During the boiling, impurities rise to the top and are skimmed off (like making a stock). Once enough water has evaporated so that the sugar content exceeds 67%, the sweet liquid is considered maple syrup. The lightness of color and strength of flavor is dependent mainly upon when the maple syrup was harvested and the weather and growing conditions of the maple trees for that year. Typically, lighter syrups are harvested earlier in the season.
Maple Syrup Grade
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) assigns grades to the maple syrup sold in the the U.S. These grades are: Grade A Light Amber, Grade A Medium Amber, Grade A Dark Amber, and Grade B. The grading of syrup sold in the United States is voluntary (like USDA Beef Grading).
Grade A Light Amber (or Fancy) is very light in color and has a faint, delicate maple flavor. It is usually made earlier in the season when the weather is colder. Many people use this grade for serving on pancakes. It is also widely used for making maple candies.
Grade A Medium Amber is darker and has an easily discernable maple flavor. I like using this grade for serving on pancakes and waffles. I also use it for baking since it has a stronger flavor than Light Amber.
Grade A Dark Amber is very dark and has a strong maple flavor. Some people like the stronger flavor and use it as a table syrup, but this grade is mostly used for cooking and baking.
Grade B, sometimes called Cooking Syrup, extremely dark in color and has an extremely strong maple taste as well as hints of caramel. Because of its strong flavor, this s predominantly used in baked goods.
Maple syrup should be refrigerated to ensure freshness (even if the bottle hasn't been opened). You can also freeze maple syrup to extend its life indefinitely. If the syrup is refrigerated in glass containers, then the syrup will maintain quality for a year. Plastic bottles are a little porous, so refrigerator shelf life is usually around three to four months. If you need to store syrup purchased in plastic bottles for longer term storage, pour it into a glass bottle or jar and refrigerate.
Use as a sugar substitute
In general, maple syrup can be substituted for granular sugar in baked goods by following these rules of thumb:
For each cup of granulated sugar, use 1-1/2 cup of maple syrup.
Reduce other liquids in the recipe by about one-half.
Add 1/4 teaspoon baking soda for each cup of maple syrup.
Decrease oven temperature by 25°F.
Pancake syrups
Most syrups sold as pancake syrups are not maple syrup. These syrups are made of either cane sugar or corn syrup and contain a few percent of maple syrup for flavoring. Real maple syrup has a more robust flavor and (as my wife says) tastes less man-made.
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Luís Bonifácio
Posted: Tue Jan 31, 2006 8:44 am
Post subject:
Great and original Blog
Greetings from a Portuguese Engineer
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Soldering Gunslinger
Posted: Tue Jan 31, 2006 8:44 am
Post subject:
Greetings from an Arizona Engineer.
Turpentine is also tapped from trees, however it is distilled, not reduced. One must be certain to ascertain the variety of tree being tapped before one should sample the sap. Sugar Maple, Ok. Conifer Not OK. :-D
I remain,
The Old Soldering Gunslinger
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Posted: Tue Jan 31, 2006 8:44 am
Post subject:
Wow, he actually SHUT UP about all the hits he was getting, and is actually talking about cooking? Incredible.
Of course, he's posting meat recipies, which is pretty bad. Meat is murder. This is simple common sense.
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Posted: Tue Jan 31, 2006 8:45 am
Post subject:
What is that stench?
Oh, yes... it is just a troll, envious of other people's success.
For what it is worth, I'm quite enjoying this site. Oh, and yes, I eat meat. Lots of it. Enjoy it immensely.
More meat dishes!
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Posted: Tue Jan 31, 2006 8:45 am
Post subject:
To "the troll":
Technically speaking, the last entry he mentioned his recent increase in traffic was LAST Monday. If you don't appreciate Michael's hard work and success, then simply DON'T COME. I highly doubt anyone is forcing you to read this blog. I suggest you go find an unsuccessful vegan recipe blog to satisfy your needs and stop posting your negative remarks here.
Then again, any form of vegetation is considered a living organism as well, for shame! You'd better stop eating these as well, lest you become a "murderer" like the rest of us!
To Michael:
In all seriousness, this is a great blog and the recipe charts are simply amazing, so simple and compact yet so intuitive and complete. It really boggles my mind that such a superior format has not been more widely adopted! Keep up the good work!
Now we engineers can show our cooking prowess too!
- Greetings from a Canadian engineer.
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Posted: Tue Jan 31, 2006 8:46 am
Post subject:
I have kept maple syrup, packed in vacuum sealed bottles, for well over a year with no discernable loss of flavor. I have found medium amber to be the most flavorful; light amber does not have enough flavor. Also, the darker the grade, the lower the price. Although it is expensive in the store, I recommend going to the source to buy it. Currently in Wisconsin, a gallon of maple syrup, bought from a producing farm, goes for $26-$30 per gallon - much more reasonable than the $6-$8 a oint in the store.
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Posted: Tue Jan 31, 2006 8:46 am
Post subject:
Another "difference" between types of maple syrup is whether it is evaporated or boiled down. The old way was to boil down the sap to the syrup over a outdoor open fire, but most modern farms use an evaporator, as the old way is slow and expensive. However, most Canadians will tell you that the old-way boiled down syrup is the best, and if you can still get it at a market it is a lot more expensive, but well worth the cost. I had a 2 litre jug of boiled down maple syrup a few years ago, and have not been able to get anything even close to it it in flavor or consistency since!
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Posted: Tue Jan 31, 2006 8:46 am
Post subject:
Once you have REAL maple syrup... you can't go back to the store stuff.
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Posted: Tue Jan 31, 2006 8:46 am
Post subject:
Mr. Cho,
I also enjoy your site...I've posted a comment or two...and think you shouldn't pay that not-so-nice-guy any mind.
Thank you for the useful info.
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Posted: Tue Jan 31, 2006 8:46 am
Post subject:
Hey, those cooking charts are pretty cool indeed. I must point out though how geeky we are (present company included) for our excitement over things like cooking charts. I admit it, I embrace it, gotta love it. Speaking of charts, feel free to check out my Exam Time Procrastination Flowchart from my student days not so long ago for shits and giggles.
Btw, Michael, did we go to school together (Markella here)? Otherwise you're the 3rd Michael Chu I know/hear of.
Greetings from another Canadian engineer!
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Posted: Tue Jan 31, 2006 8:47 am
Post subject:
Greetings from a Canadian Bio/CompSci student
Love the site. Especially the meat.
What should really be mentioned here is a traditional French Canadian treat called cabane a sucre (no idea what us anglos would call it). It entails taking high quality syrup (typically medium amber), pouring it onto fresh snow and twirling the syrup around a stick as it solidifies (think cotton candy but gooey). This makes a tasty maple popsicle for those lovely winter days.
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Posted: Tue Jan 31, 2006 8:47 am
Post subject:
Great stuff. Maybe you compare different instant pancake mixes and a few recipes for making awesome pancakes. I had some frozen pancakes that you pop in the microwave and they were the best, it's too bad I had to use maple syrup from the states (I live in Canada, eh?). This is gonna help me enjoy pancakes even more, thanks
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Michael Chu
Joined: 10 May 2005
Posts: 1654
Location: Austin, TX (USA)
Posted: Tue Jan 31, 2006 8:48 am
Post subject:
re: testing pancake mixes
If someone will mail me an assortment of pancake mixes, I'll do the test... unfortunately, I don't have funds set aside right now to buy a bunch of the same stuff and test it out - although I hope to be able to do that in the future. I'd love to try out different brands or manufacturers and figure out what makes something "good" or "bad".
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The Computer Nut
Posted: Tue Jan 31, 2006 8:48 am
Post subject:
Nice blog you have here. I posted a link to it on my blog. Hope the best for your blog.
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It was a simple yet pretty picture of President Barack Obama hugging his wife, Michelle, but it was the text which made the difference, "Four more years."
Just minutes after it was tweeted, it became the most retweeted tweet of all time, the Atlantic reported. Twitter so far reports that the photo has been retweeted more than 443,000 times.(as of 10:43 p.m PT.) The photo has also garnered more than 1.6 million "Likes" on Facebook.
The photo, which shows a content Obama hugging his wife in a heartwarming embrace, apparently evoked something in people who shared it on social media. The message may have had something to do with that, too.
U.S. & World
News from around the country and around the globe
Obama also may have the second-highest tweet, a short message saying, "This happened because of you. Thank you."
So far, Twitter hasn't confirmed the most-retweeted tweet of all time, but it's likely that the president may have beaten previous record-holder, Justin Bieber.


text:
Today is the last day of the month, and that means the last Cup of Bead Soup with Lutka & Co. Lutka & Co. makes lampwork beads, and if you remember, sent me these four sets:
Lori Anderson creates jewelry for her web site, Lori Anderson Designs, and wrote the blog An Artist's Year Off. She's also a contributor to Art Bead Scene and is the creator of the Bead Soup Blog Party.
You can see what I made with the big purple dotted beads by clicking here and what I did with half of the pink strand by clicking here.
OK. Up first is the other half of the pink strand. My first instinct was to go to my tried-and-trued, the dangly charm bracelet. I love anything with dangles, as we all know. However, that would be sort of like cheating. So I did the unexpected -- I decided to do dangles, but stole the green leaves from the purple flowers for the dangles. I added an errant silver dragonfly, and you get "Garden Party".
The dragonfly is purposefully off-center because that's how I roll these days. It sits quite firmly on that leaf and don't ask me how I did it because frankly, I couldn't tell you but it required wire and a bit of swearing (no children or pets were harmed in the making of this necklace).
And there you have it. I split two sets into two. And just realized I shot the photo with the leaves flipped the wrong way. Dang. But trust me, it's gorgeous when worn correctly.
Next is the perfume bottle. This was a challenge. I cut off the wire that came wrapped around the bottle because I had another idea, which quickly failed a miserable death, so it was back to wire. I quickly learned just how DIFFICULT it is to wrap these bottles -- or, at least, for me. Took a couple times. I then decided to give the bottle cap a more Victorian flair and redid the top with a long headpin I had.
The rest, I left mostly chain, but with bits of silver, rhodonite, and amethyst and a tiny bit of pink ribbon. I saw SO much fiber and ribbon in the Bead Soup Blog Party and I've always wanted to try it but have just failed miserably, so I thought I'd start small. So here is "Amphora".
Now, this last piece is hands down my favorite. I don't know if it's the style or what, but I'm pretty sure it's the color combination. It's (to me) unexpected. I really wanted to rock those purple flower beads and this entire concoction came about so randomly. I started with one idea and ended up SO far in left field for lack of the proper elements -- but I really, really, love it. It needs a name -- anyone have one?
It may not look like much, but worn, it's so cool. That sea green GLOWS. The flowers hang just so. And the chain is JUST the right openness.
And to tie it all together, earrings.
Overall, I'm really tickled with these recipes of soup!
You can visit Lutka and Co. by clicking here for their shop and clicking here for their blog.
Lori Anderson creates jewelry for her web site, Lori Anderson Designs, and wrote the blog An Artist's Year Off. She's also a contributor to Art Bead Scene and is the creator of the Bead Soup Blog Party.


text:
There's a famous scene from the movie Hot Fuzz where the characters fear that an old sea mine will detonate, so they run about 20 feet and jump over a low wall. Lucky for them, it doesn't explode, but after seeing this World War II sea mine explode on the beaches of Katwijk Aan Zee, Netherlands, I think they'd be very, very dead.
Construction workers found the mine lying on the beach, according to nieuws.nl, and used the bucket of an excavator to move the giant goddamn bomb right along. Because Dutch excavator drivers are braver than you.
The local bomb squad decided to detonate the mine right there on the beach rather than take the risk of attempting to defuse it.
Next time you see an old bomb from World War II, run. Run like hell. And run further than 20 feet.


text:
KEN 'CHAINSAW' LINDSAY From Cross Cut to Chainsaw
From Cross Cut to Chainsaw
Grandfather Quandong - A Word To Texas Jack - From Crosscut to Chainsaw - Kangabloodyroos - Nowhere Else - Diamantina Drover - Sweeney - Shopping On A Saturday - Everything Except - Home In Dirranbandi - Heaven's Party - Loosin' My Blues Tonight
I really enjoyed Ken 'Chainsaw' Lindsay when he made the long trek from Australia to the rural country of Iowa to be part of our festival in LeMars. Ken is not only what we would call a 'super-star' in Australia, he's a great songwriter, and that seems to be the key to anyone who is doing authentic country music today. Ken records for the Kross-Kut Recording Company, and they are asking for high quality studio production. That's exactly what happens when Ken goes into the studio. This particular project has three of his original songs, and Ken Lindsay is a living example of the benefits of writing and singing about what you know about. That's really what 'real' country music is all about, it's unfortunate we have to go to such a far away place as Australia to hear it in it's 21st century versions. He is so authentic he sings in his Australian accent, not even 'pretending' to sound American, or at the least country-American. That's what 'real' country music is all about isn't it?....authenticity. Music from the heart, like Ken writes, and sings in an honest voice, not prostituting everything you do just to 'get a deal in Nashville.' Lindsay Waddington was the studio producer, and he not only has a good ear, he knows exactly the sound he is looking for in each and every song he recorded here. This isn't just a 'bought and paid for' session. It's a session that requires the 'best' in everything. I really liked the harmonica in "A Word To Texas Jack" that is definitely a musical instrument that takes me immediately back to authentic country music. Don't expect to find the harmonica in today's Nashville music. We just had Charley McCoy at our festival in LeMars, Iowa (the same one that Ken attended), and he's of similar opinion.... Nashville is getting too rock and roll to be country. Alas alack, so be it. In the meantime we can still tune Charley in, and definitely hear Chainsaw Lindsay do some 'real' country, even some of those incredibly interesting Australian bush ballads that keeps legends and myths alive, all a very real part of who we are as a people.....any people. That's why my 'stake' is in country people. I just can't get past the incredible 'giving up the soul' to be successful in the music business today. It sure wasn't that way growing up. Who would even permit Stringbean or Jimmy Driftwood to perform on a major so-called 'country' festival today? Well we would, that's a certainty. Visit the LeMars, Iowa, festival and see exactly what happens. More information go to www.ntcma.net and see why Ken Chainsaw Lindsay did so well there. His three songs on this project are all great: ""From Cross Cut to Chainsaw," "Everything Except," and "Heaven's Party." This whole project is a winner. I don't often give 'stars' but this is a fiver. I wish I lived in Australia, or at least knew someone at Kross Kut Records. My wife Sheila and I have some very nice acoustic original country that we won't prostitute to Nashville, but we might certainly give Kross Kut a try at it. Hey, Chainsaw can you hear us???
Bob Everhart


text: Sijun Forums :: View topic - "I bet he flosses as well!" Log in to check your private messages Sijun Forums Forum Index >> Gallery/Finished Work View previous topic :: View next topic Author Topic : ""I bet he flosses as well!"" JIMmemberMember #Joined: 01 Nov 2000Posts: 107Location: MI, USA Posted: Thu Jan 04, 2001 8:47 am i'm embarassed and ashamed one day i will post it right..one day Back to top AlloymemberMember #Joined: 28 Dec 2000Posts: 71Location: Dallas, TX, USA Posted: Thu Jan 04, 2001 8:51 am lots of character Jim...keep drawing . You can always edit a post you've made...one of the little tabs in the thread window lets you do this. In fact, I'd go back and delete the one that didn't have a pic, or delete this one and fix the previous. ------------------ Alloy(Jim Rose) Back to top JIMmemberMember #Joined: 01 Nov 2000Posts: 107Location: MI, USA Posted: Thu Jan 04, 2001 10:54 am thanks jim, i tried to "fix" it but i guess only the forum fixers can delete that unwanted post. i'll learn next time Back to top JennmemberMember #Joined: 25 Jul 2000Posts: 1055Location: Melbourne, VIC, OZ Posted: Thu Jan 04, 2001 4:06 pm i likes ------------------ DarkChyld http://asylum.wibble.net Back to top Display posts from previous: All Posts1 Day7 Days2 Weeks1 Month3 Months6 Months1 Year Oldest FirstNewest First Sijun Forums Forum Index -> Gallery/Finished Work All times are GMT - 8 Hours Page 1 of 1 Jump to: Select a forum Digital Art----------------Digital Art DiscussionWork in ProgressGallery/Finished Work Miscellaneous----------------Random MusingsArchive : Sep99 - Dec00 You cannot post new topics in this forumYou cannot reply to topics in this forumYou cannot edit your posts in this forumYou cannot delete your posts in this forumYou cannot vote in polls in this forum Powered by phpBB © 2005 phpBB Group


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Engineered bacterial cells can churn out medically useful proteins such as insulin, the blood-clotting agent thrombin, and a host of other human enzymes and hormones. Plants, yeast and even other mammals can be given the genes needed to produce valuable proteins that they don't make naturally. Most famously, even notoriously, genetically modified goats can secrete spider silk in their milk, which can be extracted and used to make tough fibres.
But in many ways this is taking a sledgehammer to a nut. If all you want is a particular protein – whose chemical structure in encoded within a gene in DNA – then even a bacterium is an awfully complicated bit of machinery to make it. Strictly speaking, all you really need to do the job are the DNA itself, the amino acids from which proteins are made, and the molecular machinery for translating DNA into proteins – in particular, an assembly of proteins and RNA called a ribosome, which builds the new protein molecules.
With this in mind, a team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, USA, led by chemical engineer Daniel Anderson, has figured out how to make artificial cells which they can stuff with these basic molecular components. In doing so they have produced tiny protein factories that are not strictly living in themselves but are free from the general clutter – and the consequent unpredictability – of real organisms. The factories are so small that in theory a solution of such pseudo-cells can be injected into the body to act as on-the-spot generators of therapeutic proteins, such as toxic drugs or antibodies. And – this is the especially neat part – the researchers have worked out how to turn protein production on and off using ultraviolet light, so that it can be controlled to order.
Spontaneous generation
These pseudo-cells, called vesicles, are tiny – about a tenth the length of an E. coli bacterium. Vesicles form spontaneously in a solution of molecules called lipids, which are the main components of the biological membranes that enclose a cell's contents. Lipids are a little like soap molecules, with a water-soluble 'head' and an insoluble 'tail'. They will line up side-by-side in double layers with the heads on the outside and the tails inside. These sheets curl up into hollow sacs.
Anderson and colleagues let vesicles form in an extract of E. coli cells containing all of their DNA, ribosomes, other enzymes and salts, so that these ingredients get trapped inside. To show that the machinery was in working order, the researchers inserted two types of molecular 'lanterns' into the DNA – genes for making proteins called GFP, which glows under ultraviolet light, or luciferase, which glows when it catalyses a chemical reaction. In both cases, the vesicles shone brightly.
The next step was to switch protein production on and off. There is a tried and tested way of doing this with light, which involves adding a molecule with a complicated name abbreviated to DMNPE. This sticks to DNA and stops the process that translates its genes into proteins – the DNA is then said to be 'caged'. But UV light cleaves off the DMNPE and restores protein production. The researchers showed that luciferase-encoding DNA in the vesicles could be turned off by DMNPE and turned back on by UV light.
Life switch
To show that these protein-making particles work in living organisms, Anderson and colleagues injected these luciferase-making, DMNPE-switchable vesicles into mice. Applying UV light (which can penetrate at least a centimetre into tissue) to the site of injection triggered the appearance of the light-emitting protein, which persisted even 24 hours after injection. Previously, the only comparable in situ production of proteins in the body has been achieved by injecting mice with harmless bacteria engineered to make tumour-suppressing proteins. The artificial vesicles are in principle much simpler, smaller, and easier to design and control.
Although the MIT team is focusing on the biomedical implications of the work, these artificial compartments that contain DNA and make proteins sound a little bit like synthetic cells – a kind of scratch-built proto-lifeform. They're not really that, because they can't replicate and evolve, nor even metabolize raw materials and generate their own energy indefinitely. They're barely more than inert bags of DNA.
All the same, it's not spurious to raise the question of synthetic life. The high-profile reports of self-replicating 'synthetic cells' created by geneticist Craig Venter and colleagues in 2010 were basically natural cells given a new, bespoke genome. But what about working from the bottom up?
Researchers have previously produced a kind of replicating vesicle with walls that self-assemble from lipids, and which can grow in size and divide. Meanwhile, in 2004 two researchers at the Rockefeller University in New York created lipid vesicles rather similar to those of the MIT group that also encapsulated DNA and ribosomes extracted from real cells. They added genes encoding proteins that form pore-like channels that will plug into lipid membranes, so that amino acids for protein synthesis could get into the vesicles while waste products could get out. These artificial cells could then go on producing fluorescent proteins for days.
With little steps like these, we edge closer towards a bottom-up creation of life. There's a long way to go – but we're living proof that it's possible.
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Now this is major. The Nevada Assembly and Senate vote to override anti-gay, Republican Gov. Jim Gibbons' veto and to allow domestic partnerships, gay and straight, that offer many of the same benefits of married couples, the AP reports.
The Assembly's 28-14 vote was the bare two-thirds majority needed and followed the state Senate's override 14-7—also the bare two-thirds majority—a day earlier. Sen. Dennis Nolan, R-Las Vegas, voted against the bill the first time it appeared in the Senate. Nolan changed his vote and says he received many calls that were 'ugly, vulgar and threatening messages' from people who opposed the bill. Nolan tells the Review-Journal: "Those kinds of calls do not mesh with 'the Christian beliefs I was brought up with."
The casino industry lobbied heavily for this bill. Jan Jones, senior vice president of Harrah's Entertainment, which offers benefits to partners of gay employees, told The Advocate on Tuesday: "Most of us in Nevada absolutely support gay and lesbian rights. This is a big fight. We're not ready to give up. We want to override the veto. We're not walking away from you; don't walk away from us."
The anti-gay, scandal-plagued and highly unpopular Gibbons vetoed the bill to, in his words, "protect marriage" in the state of Nevada. Gibbons is currently being divorced by his wife, First Lady Dawn Gibbons, and accused of having multiple affairs.


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"A powerful narrative that builds relentlessly to a stunning emotional climax."—The Chicago Tribune
"A powerfully emotional page-turner."—San Francisco Chronicle
"Suspenseful. . . . Heartbreaking."—Bookpage
"Irresistible."—The Wall Street Journal
"With nimble prose and acute psychological insight, Hawley traces Allen's guilt-racked quest to prove his son's innocence. The result is a moving family saga that explores the intriguing notion of a statue of limitations on parental responsibility." —People
"A memorable, moving and unputdownable masterpiece." —Sunday Express, London
"Explodes like a hand grenade with a force that drives the breath from your body. . . . Haunting, terrible and yet utterly real, it's superbly written with a marvelous feel for the American landscape and its soul. It's also a tantalizing thriller." —Daily Mail, London
"Gripping . . . echoes Don DeLillo." —The Sunday Times, London
"Suspenseful. . . . Heartbreaking."—Bookpage


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FSDR .. K housings must be mounted properly using the appropriate tools and state of the art mechanical mounting methods.
Mounting instructions for the housings are available on request.
Torque specifications
The M 24 cover bolts supplied with all housings should be tightened to 665 Nm. The cover bolts are in accordance with ISO 4014:2011.
The M 12 labyrinth ring bolts (in accordance with ISO 4017:2014) supplied with the labyrinth seals should be tightened to 80 Nm.
Cap bolts should be tightened to the torque values listed in table 1.
For information about attachment bolts, refer to Attachment bolt recommendations.
Ventilating valves
The ventilating valves should be installed on top of the housing cap for use when the housing is in operation. The holes for the valves are plugged on delivery.
Eye bolts and lifting holes
FSDR .. K housings have a cast hole in each integral flange on the cap and one M 16 eye bolt in each cover half (fig. 1) for safe, easy handling. The labyrinth rings are equipped with adjustable eye bolts (VLBG 0.63t M 10 with bolt, except for size 49/1320, which has M 10 eye bolts) that can be removed after mounting.
Supporting the housing
FSDR .. K housings require two stops, one on each side of the housing, to accommodate loads acting parallel to the housing support surface.


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Tobacco plants/seeds
|Medicinal plants
Family: Campanulaceae (Bellflower Family)
Medicinal use of Tobacco:Tobacco was a traditional North American Indian remedy for a wide range of conditions. Nowadays it is used mainly as a powerful antispasmodic herb in the treatment of respiratory and muscle disorders. Acting also as a respiratory stimulant, Indian Tobacco is a valuable remedy for conditions such as bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis.
The dried flowering herb and the seed are antiasthmatic, antispasmodic, diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic, expectorant and nervine. The plant is taken internally in the treatment of asthma, bronchitis, whooping cough and pleurisy. This remedy should be used with great caution and only under the supervision of a qualified practitioner. Excess doses cause nausea, vomiting, drowsiness and respiratory failure.
See also the notes above on toxicity. The plant contains the alkaline "lobeline" which has proved to be of value in helping people to give up smoking tobacco. It is contained in many proprietary anti-smoking mixtures where it mimics the effects of nicotine. The alkaloids present in the leaves are used to stimulate the removal of phlegm from the respiratory tract. When chewed, the leaves induce vomiting, headache and nausea - in larger doses it has caused death.
The alkaloids first act as a stimulant and then as a depressive to the autonomic nervous system and in high doses paralyses muscular action in the same way as curare. Externally, the plant is used in treating pleurisy, rheumatism, tennis elbow, whiplash injuries, boils and ulcers. The whole plant is harvested when the lower fruits are ripe and it is used fresh or dried.
Min. seeds : 100 seeds per packet
Dried Tabacco dried leaves are also available
Seeds are open pollinated.Organic from Kashmir Himalaya
The Jammu and Kashmir medicinal Plants Introduction Centre
"Ginkgo House", Nambalbal, New Coloney Azizabad, Via Wuyan-Meej Road, Pampore PPR J&K 192121
Ph: 01933-223705
e-mail: email@example.com
home: http://jkmpic.blogspot.in
"Ginkgo House", Nambalbal, New Coloney Azizabad, Via Wuyan-Meej Road, Pampore PPR J&K 192121
Ph: 01933-223705
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
home: http://jkmpic.blogspot.in


text: In April 2013, a group of snipers attacked an electrical substation in California. It was later written off as an act of vandalism, but military experts told Jon Wllinghoff, former chairman of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, that it looked more like a professional job. And that, says Boing Boing's Maggie Koerth-Baker, should concern you.


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UTS Library asked 8 years ago:
In APA style, my in-text citations have unwanted author initials appearing with some surnames.
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At UTS this is an issue with APA 5th and 6th style, though it can also come up elsewhere. It isn't actually a mistake - the official APA style is supposed to display these initials in the in-text citations. The problem arises because no-one wants them to be there!
To stop this happening you will need to edit each referencing style where this is a problem for you. Note that by doing this you are making a non-standard style - that is why in the last step below you will save the changed style with a new name.


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Gary Brennan
Posted in
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Design West delivers a rare combination of creative conceptualization and incredible design. I am quite simply thrilled with their results! Working with Designwest is effortless, they have the business savvy to quickly grasp concepts and turn out exceptional visuals with very little revision required and all within the committed deadlines. I can't say enough about the quality, the speed, the attention to detail and the cost effectiveness of their work!
We've always been extremely impressed with Design West both in terms of the quality of their work and their professionalism. They have a creative 'streak' that is hard come by these days and the ability of Declan and the team to met our deadlines has always been impressive. Their simply yet highly effective approach has meant that we've been customers of Design West for over six years and I've no doubt that we will continue to avail of their services going forward
Designwest did a fantastic job on the design and launch of our website. The support and backup we have received has been first class. Declan, Clive and the gang are extremely helpful and easy to talk to, we are looking forward to doing more business with them in the future.
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Working with Designwest has been a very positive experience for O'Briens Tractors, our new website is exactly what we wanted, a fresh look, easy for our customers to navigate and quick and easy for us to manage. We have also used them for both designing and producing signage, great that they are local too…
I recently engaged Designwest to carry out a full revamp and re-design of my political website. I was hoping to create a more user-friendly and interactive site and could not be more happy with the final result. Throughout the entire process, from initial consultation right through to 'going live', I was completely satisfied with the thoroughly professional approach adopted by Designwest – nothing was too much to ask and the entire process was clearly explained in step by step detail. My new website, which is fresh, crisp and clean, is generating a lot of interest and has assisted me in bringing my message to a much wider audience than previously experienced. I have no hesitation in recommending Designwest.
Having seen examples of Designwest's previous work, I commissioned them to design and build a new website for my new business. From start to finish I was impressed with the speed, professionalism and quality of work. We had a very tight deadline for completion which was easily met, without compromising on quality and attention to detail. I am delighted with the finished site and we regularly receive comments on how good it looks. I wouldn't hesitate to recommend Designwest to anyone looking for a professional website.
The Old AIB Building,
Aiden Street,
County Mayo,
Phone: +353 (0) 94 938 2000
Fax: +353 (0) 94 938 2398
Mobile: +353 (0) 85 8760273
Email: email@example.com
Skype: designwest


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Jillian Thomas, 8, suffered puncture wounds from a dolphin bite at SeaWorld in Orlando, Fla., as she was feeding the animal. SeaWorld says Jillian did not follow directions given by a park employee. NBC's Kerry Sanders reports.
SeaWorld is defending the actions of its employees in Orlando, Fla., after an 8-year-old girl from Georgia was injured by a dolphin.
Jillian Thomas of Alpharetta was participating in the feeding at the dolphin facility Nov. 21. When she held a paper fish container up so the dolphin could grab it, the animal lunged at her and bit her hand. Her father, Jamie Thomas, captured the attack on camera. The video shows the girl's face contorting in pain as the dolphin briefly grabs her left hand.
Jillian suffered three puncture wounds, but her mother said she didn't think park employees took her injuries seriously.
In a statement, SeaWorld officials said they addressed the incident appropriately.
"Nothing is more important to us than the health and safety of our guests, employees and animals," the statement said.
"Educators and animal care staff were at the attraction when this happened and immediately connected with the family. In addition, a member of our health services team was in the area at Dolphin Cove and quickly responded and treated the young girl.
"The video had not been previously shared with us and we have not had a chance to assess it, but certainly take the situation seriously."
Food for the dolphins comes on small trays. In a video from the exhibit, an announcer warns visitors not to hold them up, as the dolphins will reach for them.
In the video, Jillian can clearly be seen picking up the tray, but her mother claims she never heard the warning.
SeaWorld said guests are given clear instructions on how to feed the dolphins, including specific directions not to pick up the paper trays.
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- Passengers killed when tour bus hits Miami airport overpass
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- Teacher lured boys online to get nude pics, cops say
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Follow US news from NBCNews.com on Twitter and Facebook


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The book's subtitle . . . is if anything an understatement. Joe Kennedy was personally involved in virtually all the history of his time. There has been no dearth of books about America's royal family, but this one makes a solid case that the ur-Kennedy was the most fascinating of them all.Read on here. (You can find another review here, in the Wall Street Journal)
Also reviewed in the NYT: Marvel Comics: The Untold Story (Harper/HarperCollins), by Sean Howe (here); Darkest America: Black Minstrelsy From Slavery to Hip-Hop (W. W. Norton & Company), by Yuval Taylor and Jake Austen (here); On Saudi Arabia: Its People, Past, Religion, Fault Lines—and Future (Alfred A. Knopf), by Karen Elliott House (here); and The Partisan: The Life of William Rehnquist (PublicAffairs), by John A. Jenkins (here).
The Nation is full of good stuff this week:
- Nicholas Guyatt reviews The Amistad Rebellion: The Atlantic Odyssey of Slavery and Freedom (Viking), by Marcus Rediker. Rediker "retell[s] the saga [of the famous slave revolt] from the perspective of the rebels themselves." Read on here.
- Samuel Moyn covers four books on China, totalitarianism, and famine. The review essay, available here, discusses the past and the future of "food politics" in China.
- Helen Epstein reviews, here, How Children Succeed: Grit, Curiosity, and the Hidden Power of Character (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt), by Paul Tough, and Fire in the Ashes: Twenty-Five Years Among the Poorest Children in America (Crown), by Jonathan Kozol.
- John Connelly reviews, here, four books on Poland and the Holocaust.
Also reviewed in the WSJ: The Law of Superheroes (Gotham), by James Daily and Ryan Davidson (here); and Inventing the Christmas Tree (Yale University Press), by Bernd Brunner (here).
In the Chronicle of Higher Ed, subscribers may access a review, by Peter Monaghan, of James T. Patterson's The Eve of Destruction: How 1965 Transformed America (Basic Books). As the title suggests, the book "argues that that one year was pivotal in postwar American politics, society, and culture."


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A single story house for sale and rent in Spring Tx...,...,,,
Address of the property is 2702 Spring Dusk Dr, Spring Tx 77373.
This Single-Family House has 4 bedrooms, 3 bathrooms and is approximately 1,671 square feet with a lot size of 5,940 SF. It was built in 1984.
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|Target State: Texas
Target City : Spring
Last Update : Jun 20, 2019
Number of Views: 57
|Item Owner : Cenobia Aguilar
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Contact Phone: 832-626-7392
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