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From the Ridiculous to the Ridiculous
by Stephen Cox | Posted April 24, 2013
If you care about language, that distinctively human enterprise, I don't imagine that your duty is to preserve every expression and form of speech you inherited from the past, rejecting all innovations. Why would you do that?
No reason. That's why I welcome such expressions as "tweet," "message" (used as a verb), "embedded" (as in "a journalist embedded in the military"), and even "homie" ("homeboy"). They are expressive of situations, and concepts, that older words could not express. As a writer about prisons and criminology, I have no objection to "perp" and "cellie," punchy variations on earlier words, and in actual use by large and informed communities (cops and convicts). As an academic bureaucrat, I have no principled objection to "silo" (used as a verb, meaning "cause to be isolated in one's own bureaucratic zone"): it's an apt metaphorical description of a real phenomenon. It's also a fad word, and to be regretted on that score; and I don't particularly enjoy the association with cows and fodder — although nonbureaucrats are welcome to enjoy it. But as Dr. Johnson said, the expression is sound at bottom. There's an alternative expression, "stove-pipe," which is used on television because (A) most TV people never saw a farm, but they may have seen a ski lodge with a decorative stove; and (B) the other TV people don't want to insult, or seem to insult, the farmers, those sterling exemplars of heartland values. Me, I prefer "silo," because that word brings the reality closer to the metaphor. People can work in silos, but they can't work in stove pipes.
But lookit. We have no need for "issue," one of our most common locutions, whenever this is employed as an inept euphemism for "problem." My objection goes double for naked uses of the word, uses without an adjective or other explanatory signal. To say that a teenager "has issues" is no better than to say that he or she "has problems," although it removes all conceptual punch from the noun. It "means" anything from "the kid is sometimes unhappy" to "the kid is a homicidal maniac." Away with it.
Then we come to the medicinal use of "issues." An omnipresent radio ad in my part of the world touts the services of a doctor who will deal with both "erectile issues" and "premature issues." In other words, he will deal with anything that ails you, from your inability to come to your tendency to come like a fire hydrant before the fire even starts. These are "issues"? I think not. They may be problems, vexations, disgraces, even pleasures. But they are not "issues." "Issues" means "things that are subject to debate." Maybe coming right away is an issue, whose effects can be debated. If so, debate them. If not, say what you mean by "issues," and why you insist on bringing them up.
To say that a teenager "has issues" means anything from "the kid is sometimes unhappy" to "the kid is a homicidal maniac." Away with it.
The transition from "problems" to "issues" is an ominous sign for our civilization — in two ways. The first has to do with the anesthetization of real difficulties. To turn a problem, which is or ought to be a call to serious thought and action, into a mere issue, which is something to be contemplated or mused upon or dealt with by taking a pill . . . that is a terrible thing. Hitler was not an issue; he was a problem. Cancer is not an issue; it is a problem that people need to confront. A weird teenage kid isn't an issue that you should sit around and jaw about; he or she is a problem that needs to be solved, if you can.
The other way in which issue is a problem involves the politicization of discourse, a process that proceeds apace in our chronically post-1960s society. "Issue" is a word appropriate to public debate; "problem" may include that sort of thing, but it also embraces the vastly larger area of difficulties and challenges in human (not merely political) life. "Issue" dissolves the distinction; it is, therefore, in the truest sense of the word, an evil locution.
Going on to lesser, though related, forms of evil . . . . I've said it before, and I'll say it again, one of the worst innovations ever made in the world of writing is the slash. I mean the thing that comes between the two words in such expressions as
and any other expression/phrase in which a slash could possibly be used/inserted.
A slash is a sign that a writer cannot or will not decide whether to use one word or another (which means one concept or another), or to use them both — which usually means that he or she is averse to conceptual thought. He or she can't devote precious time to deciding whether to say "philosophy and ideology," or "philosophy or ideology," or "philosophy or ideology, or both," or just "philosophy" or "ideology," and therefore decides to let the reader slop along as well as possible with "philosophy/ideology," required to make his or her own speculative decisions about what the author might possibly mean.
There is never a legitimate use for a slash. Say what you mean — if you mean anything.
"Climate/warming" raises an especially weighty issue/problem. The transition, or hesitation, between the two terms is emblematic of the concept creep that often, and illegitimately, establishes the terms of contemporary political debate. Consider "segregation." In the 1950s and 1960s, "segregation" meant separation of races by law or governmental action. In the 1970s "segregation" came illicitly to mean "any situation in which blacks were not represented proportionately to whites." Thus, I suppose, whites were segregated from black gospel music. It was a literally insane migration of meaning, but it exercised immense political and judicial influence, during a whole generation. A finding of statistical "segregation" might result in judicial mandates to alter fundamental patterns of life across a city or even a whole metropolitan area. Such findings, and the verbal confusions on which they were based, were significantly responsible for the "white flight" that rendered inner city neighborhoods more "segregated," and more "impoverished," than they had ever been before.
The cry of "segregation" is still, sometimes, heard today. In general, however, "diversity" has taken its place. The advantage of "diversity" is that no one can say what it means, although it means, at least, everything that "desegregation" used to mean, or not mean.
And speaking of the politicization of discourse . . . This month's Boston bombing was too barbaric, and too ridiculous, to be politicized in an overt manner, among people not predisposed to see any bad event as an American conspiracy. But it was socialized in ways that illustrate how far politicized perceptions have seeped into the language of otherwise normal people.
In other words, he will deal with anything that ails you, from your inability to come to your tendency to come like a fire hydrant before the fire even starts.
A mysterious statement! Here's what I mean. The two alleged culprits, the Tsarnaev brothers, were universally described by their acquaintances as quiet, too quiet to leave any specific insights or memory traces. Yet they were also universally described as nice boys of whom nothing evil could be believed.
This, I submit, is an unusual take on reality. Not only are such statements obviously self-confuting — how can you testify to someone's niceness when you also testify that you don't know anything much about him? — but they also turn the speakers into the kind of joke that everybody can recognize. "Yeah, I lived down the street from the guy . . . Real nice guy. Didn't see much of him. He kept to himself. But I just can't believe he'd do a thing like this." For how many years has everyone been laughing about junk commentary like that? Yet it continues to be made, and communicated to the nation, after every fresh act of violence. One can only conclude that many people believe they have a duty to utter and purvey such absurd observations. Someone has taught them that duty.
I think the "someone" is the schools and the media, which continually preach that everyone is equal and equally good at heart — even such people as the Tsarnaev brothers. "He was one of the nicest kids," said a college "friend" of the younger alleged murderer. "Every time I saw him, he made sure to say hi." Yes, a very nice guy. The kind of guy who allegedly spent the weekend blowing legs off kids and the next few days working out in the college gym and partying with his chance acquaintances. "A fully assimilated American," pronounced many of the TV news reporters.
The media are the principal enforcers of this bizarre social programming (I won't call it education). "Possible bombing suspect cornered on boat," said the CNN onscreen headline, even as Dzokhar Tsarnaev was being taken away under arrest, following a final blowout with the cops. Yes, a possible suspect. Not perhaps a real suspect, but maybe, just maybe, a possible one. The network was even more ignorant of words than it was slow with news, but it was careful to communicate its own niceness. "Possible suspect" indeed.
Widely and trustingly reported was the testimony of Dzokhar's assistant high school wrestling coach (and who better to discern the inner truth about this sweet young man?). "A smart kid," he said. And not just smart but a real American, according to the New York Times. "Boy at Home in U.S.," it prattled. Evidence of smartness? Maybe the fact that Dzokhar managed to run over his brother with a stolen SUV, probably causing his death. Evidence of being at home in America? People on Fox News continually specified what they regarded as evidence in this category: Dzokhar smoked weed all the time and liked hip-hop music. Who says that Fox is the conservative network?
Petty grammarian that I am, I'm almost as discouraged by signs of creeping illiteracy as I am by proof of galloping nonsense. Reporting the giddy adventures of the Tsarnaev family — poster children for open immigration, who planted themselves in America by claiming political persecution from Russia, collected all the benefits they could in this country, then kept drifting back to Russia — the established media talked about one or another of them "starting school in America" or heroically "graduating high school in America." This is the kind of locution one hears in supermarket ads, which encourage us to "Shop Bingo's!" — Bingo's being the place at which one is incited to shop. So "shop" is something one does to Bingo's, just as "graduate" or "start" is something one does to a school. "Tell me, Dzokhar, what did you do to your high school?" "I graduated it." Maybe, given enough time in the "adopted country" to which he was so well "assimilated," he would have gone farther and blown it up.
As I admitted, I'm petty. But in the long run, literacy may be even more important than the Boston Marathon. True literacy requires the ability to recognize and reproduce basic patterns of language — to know, for example, when to use a transitive verb and when to use an intransitive one.
Or to know how to deal with strong verbs. There aren't very many; you should be able to master them. But no. On Good Friday, the Fox News Jerusalem correspondent noted that "Christians sung hymns." When I was in grade school, the grand example of strong verbs, the one that we were made to study, presumably because it was the easiest, was "sing-sang-sung." Today, it seems, you can become a foreign correspondent without havinggraduated grade school.
It was a literally insane migration of meaning, but it exercised immense political and judicial influence, during a whole generation.
One thing I wasn't taught at the Henrietta Township Rural Agricultural School was the progression "spit-spat-spat." The reason was that everybody knew it. When you told the teacher on a fellow third-grader, there was no indecision about how to phrase your accusation. You said, "Teacher, teacher! Tommy Johnson spat on the playground!" Maybe that's because backwoods people still read the Bible, actually sat and read the thing, and therefore knew about stuff like this. But when, in 2013, Justin Bieber, heartthrob of millions, or at least thousands, was accused of dealing unfairly with a neighbor, the headlines took this form, "Man Claims Bieber Spit on Him." Hardly a "spat" in a carload, although the Los Angeles Times ran a story with "spat" in the body but "spit" in the headline. And, to remember other bodily functions, when was the last time you heard somebody say that he "shat" this morning? He (or she) may be too insecure about language to dare saying "shitted" (which is good); but if so, he's bound to take the long way about and say "took a shit."
This is not a good sign. It's a sign that the rich sonic resources of the English language are being wantonly pissed away.
Worse is the steady progress of "snuck," that strange folk attempt to create a new strong verb. Talk about backwoods language, and the language of children! Until recently, "snuck" was recognized by all, even its habitual users, as a colorful low-level colloquialism, ordinarily used for comic effect, and never to be used in formal writing. Then, a few years ago, it started showing up in presidential press conferences, news reports written by the weekend staff, and other low-end outlets. And now, here it is! It's arrived! Snuck has made it to the headlines. Chronicling the behavior of an Ohio murderer who behaved badly at his sentencing, respectable news agencies offered headlines of this kind: "How TJ Lane Snuck in a Shirt with 'Killer' on it." They weren't trying to be entertaining; they were just being ignorant. And not one of them headlined "sneaked."
Here's a headline I'd like to see: "How Illiteracy Snuck in Everywhere."
Stephen Cox is editor of Liberty, and a professor of literature at the University of California San Diego. His recent books include The Big House: Image and Reality of the American Prison and American Christianity: The Continuing Revolution. Newly published is Culture and Liberty, a selection of works by Isabel Paterson.
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Barbara Bohan
Hello Professor Cox! I am delighted to have discovered your Liberty online magazine. I am especially fascinated by your Word Watch column. I promise to write you a proper letter soon to be delivered by a postman in a stamped envelope. (As opposed to the comment section of your publication.) Oh, one more thing, stop calling yourself a "petty grammarian."
Thu, 2013-04-25 05:00
The folks at Merriam-Webster report:
"From its earliest appearance in print in the late 19th century as a dialectal and probably uneducated form, the past and past participle snuck has risen to the status of standard and to approximate equality with sneaked. It is most common in the United States and Canada but has also been spotted in British and Australian English."
Thu, 2013-04-25 02:00
I love your columns. I am forced to review my poor command of the English language, and I enjoy the many examples you provide. However, I suspect that "silo" as a verb has more to do with Missile Launch Officers in the USAF than with its agricultural origins. Those guys go down underground and really do silo themselves for several days at a time.
Thank you for your insight. Keep up the good work.
Thu, 2013-04-25 01:00
Paul Bartlett
The good professor leads his essay with, "If you care about language, that distinctively human enterprise, I don't imagine that your duty is to preserve every expression and form of speech you inherited from the past, rejecting all innovations. Why would you do that?
No reason. That's why I welcome such expressions as "tweet," ...."
And yet, toward the end of his essay, he castigates use of "snuck." Why is the former acceptable, but the latter not? Language changes. Yes, as a child in the stereotyped little red brick semi-rural schoolhouse in the 1950s, I learned intensely prescribed usage, and there are many morphological, syntactic, and orthographic errors today which still give me the willies. Nevertheless, I acknowledge that whether the good professor and I like it or not, language changes. Chaucer is dead, however delightsome his poems.
Historically, undoubtedly, in English far more strong verbs became weak than vice versa, but I cannot discern that there is Some Law Writ Large In The Nature Of The Cosmos which prohibits a hitherto weak verb to become strong. Yet again, language changes. To me, "snuck" is an entirely valid, useful, and acceptable verb form. I now encounter it far more often than "sneaked." Shall we now say that one may never use "impact" as a verb?
Wed, 2013-04-24 14:24
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Michael Phelps won two gold medals on Tuesday night, regaining his 200-meter butterfly crown before he anchored the United States in the 4x200 freestyle relay.
Phelps now has 21 Olympic gold medals.
Handed a big lead by Conor Dwyer, Townley Haas and Ryan Lochte, all Phelps had to do was glide home while the crowd stood and roared.
U.S. & World
After he touched, Phelps accepted a hug from Britain's James Guy, then straddled the lane line and gestured to fans chanting "U-S-A!"
Earlier, Phelps reclaimed his Olympic crown in the 200 fly by an even smaller margin than the one he lost it by, beating Masato Sakai by .04 seconds. In London, South Africa's Chad le Clos out-touched Phelps by .05 seconds.
"I don't want to say revenge, but that's kind of what it was," Phelps said. "I wanted that race bad."
Even before the semifinals, television cameras caught Phelps with a serious game face before the swim as he stared in the direction of Le Clos, a moment Twitter users immediately flipped into memes poking fun at Phelps' intensity.
It paid off for Phelps, whose 21 Olympic gold medals are more than many countries have in their history. He is tied with Ethiopia for 21 golds at the Summer Games.
Lochte won the sixth Olympic gold medal and 12th overall of his career in the race.
Earlier, Katie Ledecky outfinished sprinter Sarah Sjostrom to take her second gold medal of the 2016 Olympics with a win in the 200-meter freesyle on Tuesday night.
Sjostrom moved up on Ledecky's left in the final 25 meters, and appeared close to taking the lead, but Ledecky surged ahead to win in 1:53.73. Emma McKeon of Australia was third, 0.16 seconds behind Sjostrom's 1:54.08.
The 200 freestyle is probably only the third-best event for the 19-year-old, who won the 800 free in 2012 and the 400 here on Sunday night.
Ledecky and Sjostrom aren't the only women dominating at the pool.
Katinka Hosszu of Hungary won her third gold medal of these Olympics, beating Siobhan-Marie O'Connor of Britain by 0.30 seconds to win the 200-meter individual medley in an Olympic-record time of 2:06.58
The USA's Maya DiRado won bronze, her second medal in Rio.
Phelps also took aim at swimmers linked to doping, an issue that has been at the forefront on the heels Russian doping scandal. Harsh words have been directed as athletes such as Yulina Efimova and Sun Yang, who previously served doping suspensions.
Phelps joined the chorus of those demanding a clean competition.
"You're probably going to see a lot of people speaking up more. I think something needs to be done," he said. "It's sad that today in sports in general, not just only swimming, there are people who are testing positive who are allowed back in the sport — and multiple times.
"It breaks my heart and I wish somebody would do something about it."
Also on the program for Tuesday evening: semifinal events for the men's 100 freestyle and 200 breaststroke and women's 200 butterfly.
American Caeleb Dressel qualified for the freestyle semifinal earlier Tuesday. Teammate Nathan Adrian, the defending Olympic champion, secured the final spot in that group of 16.
Cammile Adams and Hali Flickinger of Team USA secured spots in the butterfly semifinal.
And Americans Kevin Cordes and Josh Prenot advanced in breaststroke.


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Why do people's eyes turn out red in my pictures?
All cameras with a built-in flash, regardless of brand or model, produce some degree of what is called red-eye, because the light from the flash reflects off blood vessels in the retina of people's eyes. Fair, blue-eyed people and young children are particularly prone to showing red-eye in photographs, but the closer any person is to the lens, and the more powerful the flash, the more red-eye becomes apparent. Moving the flash off to the side of the lens by at least three inches would effectively reduce red-eye, but the small, light-weight cameras in demand today simply aren't big enough to provide for that much separation between lens and flash.
Why do I need so many flash modes?
The four flash modes help you take good pictures in all kinds of circumstances. Here's how:
I'm buying a new camera. What should I look for?
Look for cameras with: autofocus; auto-film transport (load, advance, rewind); zones of focus (the more the better); red-eye reduction flash; auto flash; DX coding; high-quality lens.
What's the right film speed?
The faster or higher the film speed number (ISO 400, 800, 1000, 1600 etc.), the less light is needed to make a photograph. Use high-speed films for shooting sports and night scenes or for taking indoor photographs without a flash. Slow- or lower-numbered film speeds (ISO 100, 64, 50, 25) need much more light for effective results, but provide brighter colors and greater sharpness. Use the slow films for bright, natural landscapes and well-lighted portraits.
Should I really store film in the refrigerator?
Yes. Storing your film in the refrigerator will slow down the film's aging process, and this is important because as film ages it loses its accuracy for colors. But don't put it in the freezer; that can damage the film.
How often should I service my camera?
Olympus recommends your camera be evaluated and professionally cleaned once every three years.
Can the film in my camera go through an airport X-ray?
Based on FAA regulations, Olympus recommends that your camera and film SHOULD NOT be scanned through airport security machines. This would include the film in your camera, new unopened film, and undeveloped film. Please be advised of the following recommendations:
Can I change film and batteries at the beach?
Sand, moisture, and heat all pose grave hazards to both your camera and your film. If you must change your film or batteries at the beach, do it in a sheltered area such as a rest room or your car. At the very least, turn your back to the sun, wind, and spray.
What about the batteries when I'm not using my camera
If you don't plan to use your camera for four to six months, unload the film you have in the camera and then remove the batteries. And, because film loses its accuracy as it ages, get your film processed quickly. Never remove the batteries when your camera is still loaded with film; this will skew the film counter or the quartz date memory.
How should I stand in relation to the sun when I'm taking pictures outside?
Usually, you'll get the best results if you keep the sun at a 45-degree angle to your subject. Sometimes, you can get good pictures photographing with the sun directly at your back. Avoid shooting directly into the sun.
Where can I get my camera repaired?
For service and repair information, just give us a call at 1-800-622-6372 to find your nearest authorized Olympus dealer.


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Women's Ultimate Frisbee
The Claremont Greenshirts are the Women's Ultimate Frisbee team for the Claremont Colleges, located in Southern California. Players of all skill levels from across the Claremont Consortium are invited to practice and play with this fun-loving, dinosaur-imitating team! The team practices regularly and competes against other collegiate teams at tournaments. The Greenshirts practice year round on Scripps Alumnae Field but their primary season is in the spring.
In 2012, The Claremont Greenshirts were Division III national champions and even more recently, the team placed third at D-III nationals in 2013. With many promising returners, the team is looking forward to another great year in sunny southern California!
For more information, please visit the 7C Women's Ultimate Frisbee Webpage or visit their page on Facebook.
Club Officers
President (Head Officer): Natasha Arvanitis
President (Head Officer): Nicole Yu
President (Head Officer): Tessa Bertozzi


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1. Sour Pickles "Check the hint giver"
2. Co*Motion "Good thing I'm not afraid of heights."
3. Dondi's Doodads "Check the hint giver"
4. [LNS] "How luck am I?"
5. Kabuki Creations "Standing here Cuddling with you like this sends a Shiver down my spine. "
6. Duh! "Turn the light on"
7. Holli Pocket "These girls two pieces got this thermometer ON FIRE!"
8. Barely Legal Couture "Lets sew a straight Line"
9. *TOXIC*H* "If you look high you will see how hot it can be."
10. Texture Me True "Tan my hide."
11. Sugar & Cyanide "Join our group!"
12. The Curio Shoppe OUT OF HUNT
13. Textures Unbound "2 out of 3, That's where you'll find me!"
14. LOoLOo & Platypus "The Temp is up in the Hood"
15. Glitzz "Blue as the summer sky! "
16. blah.BLAH.blah "The steps just make me sweat"
17. Global Nomads "Oh, this spot look cooling"
18. Artic Storm "The temperature is RISING, and the pansies are glowing!"
19. The Cat and Fiddle "Sitting in the HOT seat!"
20. The Ferret & Hedgie Shoppee "How's about a nice glass of lemonade!"
21. Piper Moda ""Higher than Galactic""
22. Lone Wolf Studio "Higher than Galactic"
23. Naughty Naughty "The Thermometer is near the formal Flame:"
24. POMPOSITY "Somewhere in what looks like the bleacher section to me"
25. Pixel Snobs "Oh So Shiney!"
26. Eternally Strange "Where Harry Potter lived with his Aunt Petunia"
27. ~Kittys blanket~ OUT OF HUNT
28. Dressed by Lexi "Walking on Sunshine"
29. PRISM Life Really can be a Beach"


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Two South Dakota High School Graduates to Receive Presidential Scholar Medallions
Two South Dakota High School graduates are receiving the U.S. Presidential Scholar designation.
Since 1964 the Presidential Scholars Program has honored more than 6,000 of this country's best students. The South Dakota Recipients this year are, Tessa H. Myren of Riggs High School in Pierre, and from Washington High School in Sioux Falls, Micah C. Shaffer.
A ceremony will be held June 16th, in Washington, D.C. where Tessa, Micah, and the other top students will receive a Presidential Medallion.
On a personal note, I know Micah. Mark and Debra Shaffer of Sioux Falls are his very proud parents. Micah also received recognition from Governor Daugaard for being one of the best in South Dakota. For college, Micah will be attending Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland.
There are many young people quietly going about the task and challenge of getting an education, staying out of trouble, and having a positive impact on others. I thought we should take a moment and tip our hats to Micah and Tessa, for being successful in their endeavors.


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Is Raw Milk Dangerous?
By Michael A. Smith, MD
Well, let's take a look at the reported benefits of raw milk and then the research on the dangers. From there, we'll let you decide. But first, let's take a look at what makes "ideal" raw milk.
Grass-Fed Cows Produce the Best Raw MilkThe ideal raw milk is taken straight from animals fed only organic green grass. The milk is then filtered and rapidly cooled between 36-38 degrees. The last step is bottling. But that's pretty much it ... filtration, cooling and no processing.
Diet is a major factor in the quality of raw milk. Studies have shown that over-feeding starchy grains can affect the acidity of the cow's stomach environment and change fat and nutrient levels.1
Lastly, if cows are fed grains or soy instead of grass, this can change the milk content due to the estrogen-like effects from the grain. While these can cause cows to produce more milk than they normally would, some studies have called into question possible impacts on animal health and the nutrient content of the milk.
So why do people drink raw milk? The benefits of course — benefits that you won't find in pasteurized milk. So let's go over them.
Benefits of Raw Milk – ProteinRaw milk supplies your body with more intact protein than pasteurized milk. The two major proteins found in milk are casein and whey. The problem arises when you heat the milk during pasteurization. This will "denature" or break down the protein, making them less nutritious. This denaturing effect is especially true for the heat sensitive whey protein.
Proteins are comprised of individual building blocks called amino acids. There are a total of 21 to 22 human amino acids (depending on how you organize them), eight of which are essential. This means that your body cannot make them and you have to get them from your diet. And guess what? Milk provides all eight essential amino acids.
But just like with whey protein, pasteurization can destroy the amino acids rendering them useless, at least according to raw milk drinkers.
Now let's talk about the milk protein lactoferrin, which is actually a minor fraction of whey protein. It appears to have a wide variety of uses in biological systems and is considered a first line of immune defense in the human body.
Published studies examining lactoferrin and its beneficial effects on immunity have been quite promising. Lactoferrin helps maintain a proper level of "good" bacteria in the intestinal tract, while controlling the number of "bad" bacteria. It also seems to help up-regulate important immune cells called natural-killer cells. These are virus killers.2
Benefits of Raw Milk – EnzymesAnother reported benefit of raw milk is natural enzymes. Researchers report that there are over 60 fully intact and functional enzymes in raw milk.3,4 Some of them are native to milk, and others come from beneficial bacteria growing in the milk. Just keeping track of them would require a post-doctoral degree.
As with whole protein, heat pasteurization destroys these enzymes, making regular milk deficient in them comparatively.
Benefits of Raw Milk – Beneficial BacteriaSome people say that raw milk contains more beneficial bacteria than pasteurized milk. Most of these bacteria are lactic acid forming bacteria which are able to fight off dangerous ones. Not only that, these beneficial bacteria can also help to digest food for improved nutrient absorption.
So overall, these "good-for-you bacteria" improve gut health and immunity. But you guessed it. Just like with protein and the enzymes, raw milk drinkers say that pasteurization kills these beneficial bacteria.
CDC Says Raw Milk is Not SafeHere's the latest statement on raw milk by the Centers for Disease Control: "Raw, or unpasteurized, milk causes 150 times more dairy product-related disease outbreaks than pasteurized milk. Additionally, where the sale of raw milk is legal there is twice as many disease outbreaks as states where it is illegal."5
Dr. Robert Tauxe, deputy director of the CDC division of foodborne illness, says that this study shows a clear association between state laws legalizing raw milk and the number of outbreaks and illnesses from raw milk products.
He's speaking about a 13-year review that looked at more than 120 dairy product-related outbreaks that occurred in 30 states between 1993 and 2006. The outbreaks caused more than 4,400 illnesses, 239 hospitalizations and three deaths.
Raw milk products — including cheese and yogurt — caused 73 of the outbreaks and most of the 239 hospitalizations. The CDC believes that unless milk is pasteurized — heated to kill harmful bacteria — bacteria can accumulate in collected milk, multiply and cause illness.
What Do You think?Is raw milk safe? Leave us a comment below to share your opinion. Bring on the healthy debate!
- http://www.uwex.edu/ces/ag/teams/dairy/FLlameness02.pdf
- Virology. 2005 Mar 15;333(2)284-92.
- http://jds.fass.org/cgi/reprint/56/5/531
- Blanc, B., 1982. Les protéines du lait à activité enzymatique et hormonale. Le Lait 62:350-395.
- http://www.cdc.gov/Features/RawMilk/


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Law School Discussion
Deciding Where to Go
Visits, Admit Days, and Open Houses
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2 Replies
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November 16, 2012, 07:30:32 PM »
I just got accepted to Baltimore law school and it is not my number 1 school but as I am waiting for other responses I am wondering if maybe I should reconsider. Are there any positive or negative things about the school that ya'll have heard of? I have read the statistics so I don't need bashers on the school based on that. Just REAL feedback please!
Re: Baltimore
Reply #1 on:
November 19, 2012, 03:56:30 PM »
First off Congrats on getting into law school. I can't tell you how many people I have known who said they would take the LSAT or want to go to law school etc, etc, but very few people actually follow through with it and you did. Baltimore is not Harvard as I'm sure you are aware, but it is still an ABA approved school and Baltimore rejects thousands of applicants each year.
With that sure I'm sure Baltimore is a perfectly fine school if you are realistic with your expectations. Also remember when your reading things on the internet including my post it is coming from anonymous internet posters and whatever you read on this board or others should be taken with a grain of salt.
With that said I will give some things to consider that any OL should consider before making the life altering decision to attend law school. Consider these factors 1) Location 2) Cost 3) Reality of Legal Education 4) What you hope to accomplish with a law degree 5) How you personally feel about the school 6)Specialty Programs (if applicable to you) and 6) You can consider the rankings as a final factor.
1) Location
When choosing a law school the location is the most important thing for the majority of people. If you attend law school in Baltimore you are going to live in Baltimore for 3 years at a minimum and likely the rest of your life. During your law school experience you will get an apartment, make friends, probably start a romantic relationship, get internships in the area, and Baltimore will prepare you more for the Maryland Bar than other states. So if you want to live in Baltimore then Baltimore is a good place to go to school.
If you have never been to Baltimore and know nothing about it I would highly recommend visiting the area before moving there for 3 years. Remember that law school does not exist in a vaccum you will be have a life deal with commuting, living in a city, east coast weather, etc none of that stuff stops for law students. Simply put if Baltimore is where you want to be then Baltimore law school could be a good fit.
2) Cost
This is a really big concern I took scholarship money and attended a "lower ranked" school which I am happy about, because the law school rankings change year to year your student loan debt stays with you period.
Baltimore actually allows for in-state tuition at 25k a year which isn't terrible for an ABA school a lot of places are charging 40-50k per year so that is a plus for Baltimore and that money is guaranteed you can't lose the tuition rate like you can with law school merit scholarships. That is a pro to the school.
3) Reality of Legal Education
It may surprise you to hear, but every ABA law school essentially teaches you the same exact thing. Your first year will consist of Torts, Contracts, Property, Criminal Law, Civil Procedure, Constitutional Law, and Criminal Procedure or some variation on that. You will also take Evidence and all of these are bar tested subjects that every school requires there students to take. In Torts you will read the Palsgraff case and Justice Cardozo did not write different opinions for the top schools it is literally the same case whether you read it at Harvard or in Baltimore.
Almost every school uses the same textbooks and the law is the same no matter you learn it so there really isn't a "better" school. There is no question the people at Harvard Law School are probably more intelligent as a whole than those at Baltimore, but if you want to learn the law Baltimore will teach you the law and realistically whether your a good lawyer or not will depend a lot more on you than anything your school does.
4) Personal Feelings About the School
This is a very important factor everyone gets so caught up in the rankings, but they are a for-profit magazine that knows nothing about you or what you like. I visited a lot of law schools back when I was applying and when I was a law student participated in a few mock trial competitions so I have seen and interacted with a number of law schools and I can tell you each one has their own culture to it.
The school I eventually ended up attending made me feel comfortable it simply fit my personality, but it wouldn't be for everyone. There are some schools I simply did not like and others I did, but you may love the schools I hated and hate the ones I loved you are your own person with your own experiences and nobody will know better if a law school is that fit for YOU than YOURSELF. Never lose sight of that don't listen to what some magazine or anonymous poster on the internet says because they know nothing about you.
I.E. If you are a hardcore conservative do not go to law school in San Francisco it probably won't go well or if you are an ultra-left wing, gay activist, etc do not go to law school in Alabama or an extremely christian school like Regent it just won't work out. Odds you probably don't fit into either of those categories, but you may want to attend a school that is in a college town or go to a school that is in the heart of city different people like different things and you know what you like better than anyone so visit Baltimore see how you feel about it.
When your there talk to professors, administrators, students, etc going to law school is a 3 year 100,000k commitment you should definitely make sure it fits your style. If it doesn't apply elsewhere if it does then go for it.
Re: Baltimore
Reply #2 on:
November 19, 2012, 03:57:14 PM »
5) What are your expectations with a law degree
I think this is why so many people are unhappy with their law school decision they have unrealistic expectations. When you graduate law school you are not going to be recruited from every firm you are likely going to be stressing out about passing the bar exam and hopefully you get through that there are no guarantees on that no matter what school you attend. Harvard does not have a 100% passage rate.
If you get through that experience you will be a licensed lawyer, but will have little experience and will have to do some unglamorous work and pay your dues for a few years. Once your attorney with a few years of experience under your belt though some opportunities will come your way, but with a degree from Baltimore you probably will never work at the megafirms like Covington or get a Federal Judicial Clerkship. There are plenty of other jobs for lawyers though you could be a D.A, Public Defender, working in a mid-size firm, City Attorney, or simply start your own practice. There will be some doors closed, but you would need to be doing to Harvard, Yale, etc for those doors to be open in the first place and most people aren't qualifed for that.
All I can say is just be realistic with your expectations I'm sure if you put the work in Baltimore will get you a license to practice law and whether you succeed as a lawyer will be up to you. As I mentioned the beginning of your legal career will be tough, but if being a lawyer is really what you want it can be a great experience. However, if your attending law school to make a ton of money and fly on private jets to do depositions in exotic locations around the world it probably isn't going to happen. The law is not as exciting at T.V. makes it out to be.
6) Specialty Programs
This is a minor factor, but if there is some area of the law your TRULY interested in it may be worth looking at Baltimore's course schedule to see if they offer the classes. For example if you wanted to do Entertainment Law you shoudl attend law school in New York or L.A. pretty obvious why that is the case and if you wanted to do Maritime law you should not attend law school in Nebraska.
If you have some passion for a certain area of the law then see if Baltimore offers it. If you don't have a passion for a certain of the law yet that is not a major problem as most law students and lawyers still don't know the answer to that. When I started I remember thinking IP law sounded fascinating one class into it I realized it was not for me, but I ended up doing a lot of mock-trial stuff which I ended up loving I was terrified of public speaking prior to law school so it was not something expected to enjoy so much, but it just shows how unpredictable what you will really enjoy is.
7) Rankings & Anonymous Internet Posters
U.S. News rankings has created a racket that so many 0L's take so seriously myself included until I graduated. I came to realize that U.S. News is a for-profit magazine offering an opinion and you shouldn't make a life altering decision based on what they think.
For example U.S. News has ranked Alberque, New Mexico as the best place to live and in 2032 South Dakota is the best place to live because there will be easy access to dental vists. I am not making this up either
(South Dakota)
Are you going to move to Albuquerque because U.S. News said it was the best place to live? I would imagine not it would be kind of stupid to make a life altering decision based on what a magazine says. However, for some reason that same logic does not apply to OL's and they will make life altering decisions based on what a magazine says. Sure you can consider it, but most people myself included have no idea what the 48th best law school is or the 148th. I know Baltimore is not Harvard, but I wouldn't be shocked if it was the 84th best school or the 168th and realistically I wouldn't care and I don't care enough to Google it because it doesn't matter much.
If you were choosing between Harvard and Baltimore then Harvard is a school that everybody knows is amazing, but outside of the top 15-25 schools people really don't know or care. You graduate you pass the bar your a lawyer sure it would be better if Baltimore was 84th opposed to 124th, but it doesn't really make that big a difference.
I went to law school and passed the bar. I enjoyed my experience and wouldn't change it, but there are plenty of people that did not enjoy their law school experience. What I came to realize is that you play a much bigger role in how your law school experience/ career goes than anything or anyone else. If you love the law and what to be a lawyer go for it! If your not really sure what to do with your life and are just thinking this is something to do then don't make a 3 year 100k commitment there are less expensive ways to deal with a life crisis.
I know nothing about you, your situation, or what is best for you, but I am sure you have some ideas and for all I know law school may be the best or worst decision of your life, but consider what I said above in your decision and good luck.
Pages: [
Law School Discussion
Deciding Where to Go
Visits, Admit Days, and Open Houses


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I often get asked: what's the best social media site for bands? My business clients ask the same thing using different words: what is the best marketing channel to promote my brand? The idea that there is a magic formula or single solution to take care of all your needs is a misnomer. Where you should be promoting and the tools that you should be using should revolve around one main concept: where your target audience is. It's as simple as that.
We often make things more complicated by adding in our own hurdles to success. We ask, what about fans who use multiple sites? What about our own website/mailing list? What about getting new fans? Those answers all are solved when you really understand who your target audience is. This is why I always say that buying followers is a bad idea…because not only are you buying spam/fake accounts, it does nothing for your real target audience.
Here are some helpful hints to help determine where you should stake your brand:
- Your target audience is already there: If your fans/potential fans are on Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Mixi, Pinterest, etc. chances are that you should too. It's an easy way for people to share about you and for content to become viral. However, it's important to understand the nature of each of these sites..just because people are on the sites doesn't mean that they'll care about what you do on them. Whatever you do, it should resonate with the target audience there. I write about that here: How to Develop a Hardcore Fan Base.
- When you have more than one audience: The same principles apply above if you have more than one target audience. For example, promoters are more likely to check out your ReverbNation than a casual fan.
- Can you do it well?: If you don't have time/the ability to create something of quality, perhaps you should wait until you can (or at least grow the skills before pushing the site). You don't want to fragment your brand by creating several poorly managed, out of date websites. These do reflect on your band. Instead, focus on what you can do well and have time to keep fresh, relevant, and looking good.
- Bring it all home: Whatever you decide to do with social media, make sure you loop those fans back into your own website/email list. Social media sites come and go but people should always be able to rely on your website and mailing list to get reliable content when they stop using social media sites. Don't wait until Facebook becomes the next Myspace before you jump ship. Make your brand-controlled sites the ultimate destination for fan related content.
Remember, you shouldn't have a Facebook or BandCamp page just because other people have one. You should have those pages if that's where your fans (current and prospective) are hanging out at. What sites do you use? Any unusual success with lesser known ones?


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Michael Shank Racing rolls to the starting Rolex 24 starting grid with the knowledge, determination and respect of a winner.
DAYTONA BEACH -- Last February, within a few weeks after his team won the Rolex 24 at Daytona, Michael Shank wandered into the IndyCar world and visited a team owners meeting in Indianapolis.
When he walked into the conference room, he finally came to grips with what he'd accomplished the previous month in Daytona Beach.
"When I walked into the IndyCar owners meeting, immediately I was accepted and regarded as someone whose team could do a good job," said Shank, who eventually decided against returning to his open-wheel roots. "Immediately, no one questioned us being there. They knew we were capable."
Through nearly a decade of bringing cars and teams to Daytona for the 24-hour race, Shank grew to assume he was capable of fielding a winning effort in North America's most grueling motorsports event.
Then he actually did it, defeating the heavyweights in last year's 50th anniversary version of the Rolex. It would be the team's only win of last season, but like the Daytona 500, the Speedway's endurance race is a season-maker. It's also the ultimate reputation builder.
"It's just the best feeling," Shank said. "Coming through the tunnel, thinking about what this place has done for us . . . The win really did kinda change my life. It changed our life as a race team. It got us . . . more than anything, it got us respect. I always felt like we never got what we deserved.
"I know we've got good people here; we just never quite put it all together. But I knew we had a solid base, and the win just kinda helps with the respect side. I don't know what that means, but from my side the respect part was the most important."
That newfound respect not only stretched from here to that Indianapolis owners meeting, but across the state line to Shank Racing's hometown of Columbus, Ohio.
"We've got a lot of local media following us now, so people do recognize us a bit more locally," said Shank. "It's a neat deal. And it's all, again, because of this race."
Among those who took notice of Shank Racing's status update was Troy Flis, who owns the Spirit of Daytona team, an organization comparable to Shank's outfit. Watching a non-marquee team win the marquee event is obviously evidence of what's available to the other non-marquee groups.
"It was great for Mike Shank. If it's someone other than us to win it, I'd love to see him win it again," said Flis. "His team is very similar to my team -- great team and great bunch of people over there. It gives you that drive that you know you can do it. And we know we can do it."
But for teams like Shank and Spirit, the margin of error is rather thin.
"You have to make sure you have everything covered," said Flis. "Being a small team, you can leave a couple of rocks unturned and that's what gets you. You just work and work and work at it. Every year we get stronger, but so does everyone else."
Grand-Am's competition model is designed for parity. There's plenty of in-house griping among the teams, particularly around the inspection garage, but once emotions cool, the "little guy" knows he at least has a chance, which is something the "little guy" can't say in all forms of auto racing.
And that, Shank says, was the driving force behind his move from IndyCar's minor leagues to sports-car racing a decade ago.
"I can go to the top-tier series and compete for wins," he said. "I can come in here and potentially beat Ganassi, beat Penske, beat big teams. You can't do that anywhere else in the world. But here, we're all kinda on the same boat, and we compete for wins."
For what it's worth, Shank fully expects to put forth a commendable defense of his Rolex win once things get started this afternoon.
"I have a book of notes we've developed over 10 years of doing this," he said. "We pound that in until the drivers can't take it anymore. But literally, if the drivers follow it and the cars don't break, we'll be on the podium."


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Do you need a car, but don't know what to get? Do you want a bunch of random people on the internet to help? It must be your lucky day, because subjects are needed for this week's Mid Week Match-Up. Just send an e-mail to firstname.lastname@example.com with your automotive needs -- budget/size/location, we'll do the rest.
Tuesday, October 11, 2016
Mid Week Match Up: Victims Wanted
Posted by DailyTurismo at 9:22 PM
Labels: Mid Week Match-Up
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Maritime Vessels Directory
- Type
- Flag
- Liberia (2)
- Port
- Companies
Column-stabilised Unit | Flag: Liberia | Port: MONROVIA
Column-stabilised Unit | Flag: Liberia | Port: MONROVIA
Maritime News
Wärtsilä Propulsion Selected for Molslinjen Fast Ferry
Wärtsilä said it will provide the propulsion solutions for a new 115-meter high-speed ferry being built by Austal at the Australian shipbuilder's yard in the Philippines for Danish operator Molslinjen.The newbuild will feature four Wärtsilä 31 engines, recognized by Guinness World Records as being the world's most efficient four-stroke diesel engine, and four Wärtsilä WXJ1500SRI waterjets. Wärtsilä will also supply its ProTouch bridge controls system. The order with Wärtsilä was placed in May this year."This combination of the Wärtsilä 31 engine and WXJ waterjets is unique for fast ferries, delivering exceptional fuel efficiency, reliability, quality and performance.
Demand for Brazil Grains Rise as Argentine River Shipments Hit Snag
Global demand for Brazilian grains is growing as Argentina and Paraguay struggle with low water levels in a key river for agricultural shipments that is preventing ships from being fully loaded, a Brazilian trading company told Reuters on Thursday.Chief Executive Frederico Humberg of trading firm AgriBrasil said the company has sold three shipments of Brazilian corn where the buyer had initially sought to buy from Argentina."The buyer had purchased in Argentina, but ended up reverting to Brazil," Humberg said.
ExxonMobil Debuts New Multi-fuel Marine Cylinder Oil
ExxonMobil is introducing the latest addition to its MobilGard cylinder oil range, Mobilgard 540 X, specifically formulated for use with both 0.10% and 0.50% sulphur fuels and liquefied natural gas (LNG). Mobilgard 540 X is designed to meet the advanced cleanliness and protection needs of newer engine designs and meets WinGD's requirements for all three fuel types.According to the manufacturer, Mobilgard 540 X has passed extensive fit-for-use testing on the most recent engine designs and is specifically formulated to combat deposit formulation with 'keep-clean' performance across all low-sulphur fuels, including LNG.
Lubrizol Joins Shipping's Zero Emissions Ambition
The Lubrizol Corporation says it has become the first lubricant additive technology supplier to join an international coalition aiming to drive the development of commercially viable, zero-emissions deep-sea ships by 2030.A partnership between the Global Maritime Forum, the World Economic Forum and Friends of Ocean Action, the Getting to Zero Coalition is currently endorsed by 14 governments and is composed of more than 100 organizations, including ship owners, ports, technology providers and fuel companies as well as academic and research institutions.
New RIBS for UK Navy
New powerboats have been delivered to the UK Royal Navy's Tyneside headquarters to improve seafaring training for reservists.HMS Calliope in Gateshead has taken delivery of two Gemini RIBs to take the unit's volunteers out on to the water – part of an initiative to provide numerous Royal Naval Reserve bases around the UK with fast boats again, an idea first mooted three years ago.Following hundreds of hours of hard work, dedication and commitment, that vision is now reality.Given the increasing use of reservists in seagoing billets – such as the Gibraltar Squadron or fishery protection ships – and Calliope's support for the RN's broader transformation program


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Calculate Your Needs
$0 based on your responses
This covers funeral costs and/or medical expenses not covered by health insurance.
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Adjust the suggested amount to meet your family's needs.
Consider expenses like food, utilities, transportation, plus extras like vacations. (Don't include mortgage or other debts—that's covered separately.)
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Term life is cost-effective protection for a specified amount of time. Term doesn't build up cash value.
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Your agent can help you choose the policy that best fits you and your family's needs.
This calculator is a planning tool designed to assist you. The results and explanations generated by this calculator may vary due to your input and assumptions. Erie Insurance does not guarantee the accuracy of the calculations, results, explanations, nor applicability to your specific situation. All projections are hypothetical and we recommend you use this calculator as a guideline only. For a more accurate and detailed analysis specific to your circumstances and needs, contact an ERIE agent or other financial professional.
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to raise a child.
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Saving themselves: Teens practice abstinence... on driver's licenses
By Jim MotavalliThe evidence is in, and it's not just my license-free 18-year-old daughter. The percentage of young people with licenses is definitely going down.
According to a University of Michigan survey, in 1983 a third of all licensed drivers in the U.S. were under 30 (and 87 percent of 19-year-olds were driving). But today, "only about 22 percent of drivers are twentysomethings or teenagers." Thirty years ago, half of all drivers were under 40; now less than 40 percent are.
Blame cell phones, which are replacing the need for face-to-face interaction. Michigan researcher Michael Sivak of the Transportation Research Institute says, "It is possible that the availability of virtual contact through electronic means reduces the need for actual contact between young people. Furthermore, some young people feel that driving interferes with texting and other electronic communication."
There are some positive aspects to this: Fewer drivers means fewer cars on the road, less congestion, and reduced levels of local smog and climate emissions. Yeah! But it seems a bit harsh that kids don't feel the need to actually see each other.
For answers, I went to Chuck Underwood, who hosts the show America's Generations on PBS and wrote the book The Generational Imperative. He calls himself a "generational study expert." Who better than him?
"For prior generations," he told me, "a driver's license meant maturity, freedom, independence, and privacy, especially on a date.""Baby Boomers, age 48 to 66 this year, and the older Silent Generation, age 67 to 85, came of age during the heyday of the American automobile in the 1950s and '60s and the construction of the interstate highway system. They watched variety show host Dinah Shore close her Saturday night TV show by singing "See the USA in your Chevrolet." Cars were spectacular, America was magical, Americans wanted to drive those new highways and see their beautiful country, and a driver's license was the ticket to all of that.
"Today things are different. Millennials are postponing the serious commitments of career, marriage, and parenting. Because we're in a golden era of anti-aging science and medicine, they know they're going to live well past 100, so their 20-something attitude towards all-things-adult is what's the rush? And wouldn't prior generations have loved that same opportunity?
"We have helicopter parents now. Soccer moms and NASCAR dads. Living with the folks in their 20s. And the environment as their most passionate cause. Who NEEDS to drive, who WANTS to drive?"
That's putting a positive spin on it.The millennial generation, Underwood tells me, have their parents as "weekend buddies, confidantes, and best friends." And that closeness diminished the need for a license– we parents are right there, after all. And many of the young people who have left the nest are living and working in big cities, where there's public transit and driving is a hassle.
Things indeed have changed a lot. I got my license the very day I turned 16. I could call my friends on the phone, but I couldn't text or email them.I must admit I still don't really get how Facebook replaces having friends over and sharing a laugh with them in the same room. But my family is always telling me I don't "get" Facebook. OK, guilty as charged.
Jim Motavalli is an online contributor to the New York Times, CBS Interactive, Hearst and the Mother Nature Network, as well as author of six books including "Forward Drive: The Race to Build Clean Cars for the Future."Read more on: arcadian contradiction
10 comments
I beg to disagree. Without evidence to back it up, my intuition is that money plays a large role in postponing driving.
Insurance rates for this age group are sky high, and with gas prices rising, many teens can't afford to drive.
With more and more single parents, the luxury of an extra car for the kid to drive has disappeared. Even adults are giving up their cars - it's just too expensive.
Face it - times have changed, and cars are now a luxury for many.
I see that 87% of 19-yr-olds had licenses in 1983 - how many do now?? It makes sense that there are fewer young drivers compared to older simply because of the aging baby boomer generation, but the most important data would be to compare the % of same-age people then & now. Any thoughts??
I also think the lack of employment options for the young makes a car less necessary as well as less attainable. Unfortunately it is often a viscous circle because it can be hard to get a job without a car. No job = no car = no license = no car = no job
I wonder how the percent of highschoolers who ride the bus has changed.
Another reasons teens lust to drive may be diminishing.
" Fifteen states and the District of Columbia now prohibit teenagers from driving with another teenager, and all but seven states forbid them from driving with more than one. In South Carolina, teenagers cannot drive after 6 p.m. in winter (8 p.m. in summer), and in Idaho, they are banned from sundown to sunup."
Even taking one of the theses in this article at its word--that young people don't need to see each other that much anymore and that may not be a bad thing for the environment (i.e., less drivers)--it begs the question:
Would you rather live in a country with some pollution but a lot of interaction OR in an environmentally pristine nation of shut-ins?
Now--and hear this AARP--that we have beaten on the heads of teenagers by restricting their driving, let's get cracking on the seniors. I fear for my life if I have to enter an roundabout with some 85 year-old who looks like a hamster drinking water from a tube as he hugs the 12-o'clock-position of the steering wheel and struggles to comprehend all the input.
R.I.P.: Richard Jaeckel
"I see that 87% of 19-yr-olds had licenses in 1983 - how many do now??"
I am curious if it coincides with the school systems trying to save money and dropping their free driver ed courses?
These statistics aren't what I see in my neck of the woods here in Albemarle County.
But if it's so I'd say it's a combination of helicopter parenting and economics - as Nancy Drew pointed out. It's a lot more expensive to buy a used car these days. In 1983 a teenager could get a part-time job and pay for a car themselves. Not so much so today.
In any event, I think you're doing your kid a disservice if you don't teach them how to drive. You don't have to get them a car by any means, but you can make sure they have the skill.
The UMich study looked at everyone under 30, not just teenagers. There is one huge difference between the 16-20 crowd and the 21-29 crowd: the latter get to choose where to live.
Many teenagers without cars have to forgo face-to-face social interaction, because their Boomer parents decided to live in places that require a car for social interaction. However, 20-somethings have resolved this dilemma in a simple way. They are moving to places where real social interaction can happen without a car. Or, at least, those who can afford to are.
hahaha his article is horse shiiiit.
kids aren't choosing to not drive because that would seperate them from their cell phones or because they don't want to see their friends.
that's stupid and if you believe stupid "findings" like this, you are brain dead.
I guess we had fun in our teens, driving 90 mph, drunk and high, and if that werent enough we would steal a car and do the same.
I must have a guardian angel.


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JaCee M. Burnes to assume expanded role as vice president of treasury operations and assistant treasurer.
CHICAGO (Feb. 10, 2010) - Exelon today announced that JaCee M. Burnes, 39, has been promoted to vice president of treasury operations and assistant treasurer. The appointment takes effect immediately.
A 15-year veteran of the energy industry, Burnes in her new role will be responsible for Exelon's cash management, liquidity, credit analysis and treasury planning activities. She also will oversee the company's rating agency relationships and serve as treasury liaison between Exelon and the corporate and investment banking community. Burnes will report to Chaka Patterson, Exelon vice president and treasurer.
"JaCee plays a number of critical roles within the finance organization," Patterson said. "This promotion is in recognition of her leadership, skill and dedication to helping Exelon exercise financial discipline and maintain financial flexibility. We are proud to recognize JaCee with this promotion to vice president of treasury operations."
Since joining Exelon in 2003, Burnes has held positions of increasing responsibility within the finance organization, serving most recently as director of treasury operations and assistant treasurer. Prior to that, she held positions as director, capital markets; director, investor relations; and chief of staff to the CFO.
Before joining Exelon, Burnes worked at Credit Suisse, and prior to that, Southern Company. She earned a master's degree in business administration with a concentration in finance from the McCombs School of Business at the University of Texas at Austin and a bachelor's degree in industrial management from the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta.


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Marina Office
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Great Sand Bank. A day-long drive from Downtown San Francisco during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, few folks resided in Central Richmond; its rolling, sandy terrain was considered inhospitable to parks, gardens or homes. Much has changed since the mid-1800s when the neighborhood was only suitable for garish amusements, roadhouses and saloons.
The Central Richmond today gives entree to the very best of San Francisco's treasured urban parks. Entering Golden Gate Park from the rose garden at Fulton and Park Presidio, there's easy access to the de Young Museum and California Academy of Sciences, as well as Strybing Botanical Garden, Stow Lake Boathouse and the Japanese Tea Garden. Walking east, it's easy to visit the Conservatory of Flowers or the Children's Playground. To the west are Spreckels Lake, Chain of Lakes, GG Angling and Casting Club, the Buffalo Paddock, GG Archery Field, GG Disc Golf Course, GG Golf Course, and of course Ocean Beach.
On the north side of the district, trails and roads lead into The Presidio from 15th Avenue and to Baker Beach and more Presidio trails from 25th Avenue. Lands' End, Sutro Park and the ruins of the Sutro Baths are also nearby, and it's possible to enjoy multiple variations of walks and hikes that link some or all of these sites together. You can hike from Ocean Beach, up to Lands' End, along the coastal trail to Baker Beach, then on to the Presidio and even further to Crissy Field. Or you can just stroll around Sutro Park, take a turn through Mountain Lake Park, or amble along Lake Street.
Outdoor recreation and entertainment aside, the neighborhood has some of the best city living imaginable, with a friendly and diverse population, historically significant architecture, terrific public transportation, fabulous civic venues, bustling shopping streets, and an enviable safety record. Plus, with a plethora of restaurants offering an amazing array of cuisines at a price for every budget, it's possible to dine one's way around the world without leaving home.
Lot sizes in the Central Richmond tend to be larger than in most parts of the city; luscious gardens and expansive yards are common here. Reports of foggy, cool weather are exaggerated, especially since all of San Francisco is prone to the cool, grey summer weather that is typical for an ocean side Mediterranean climate. Housing stock has a wealth of architectural integrity, with the majority of properties dating from the 1920s when gracious public rooms, high ceilings, hardwood floors and other beautiful details were the norm.
In addition, the Central Richmond is surprisingly convenient for transportation: Terrific bus lines crisscross the neighborhood, and Park Presidio, 25th Avenue and Fulton Streets allow instant vehicle access to I-280 (southbound), SFO Airport, Hwy 1 (northbound), and the Golden Gate Bridge to Marin, and Fell/Oak streets for access to and from 101 and 80E
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Alon owns and operates sour and heavy crude oil refineries in Big Spring, Texas, and Paramount, Long Beach and Bakersfield, California (collectively known as our California refineries), as well as a light sweet crude oil refinery in Krotz Springs, Louisiana.
With a refining capacity of nearly 217,000 barrels per day, Alon refineries produce several grades of clean-burning gasoline, ultra-low-sulfur diesel, jet fuel, specialty chemicals and advanced-performance asphalt products for road construction. Ultra-low-sulfur diesel produced by Alon takes less energy to refine than gasoline and burns cleaner than gasoline, producing more power more efficiently. It also can be refined and distributed within the existing infrastructure.
These high-demand products prove that environmentally superior state-of-the-art products do not exclusively require significant investment in new technology but are possible using today's resources. It is this philosophy that is guiding Alon to the forefront of the energy industry.
- Select a location on the map below to learn more about our operations, safety and environmental excellence, and community involvement in each area.


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Indigenous Politics in Pontiac's War
Andrew Sturtevant
Although often attributed to the Odawa ogima, or headman, Pontiac, the conflict that bears his name was the work of a large and complicated network of Native people in the Ohio Valley, Great Lakes, and Mississippi Valley. Together Native Americans from this wide swath of North America identified their collective dissatisfaction of British Indian policy and, through careful negotiation and discussion, formulated a religious and political ideology that advocated for the Britons' removal. In 1763, these diverse peoples carried off a successful military campaign that demonstrated Native sovereignty and power in these areas. Although falling short of its original goal of displacing the British, the coalition compelled the British Empire to change its policies and to show, outwardly at least, respect for Native peoples. Many of the peoples involved in the struggle would wage another such pan-Indian campaign against the United States a generation later.
In many ways, the anti-British campaign of 1761–1766 mirrored another anti-imperial campaign that followed a decade later. Like the American Revolution, the anti-British advocates of Pontiac's War developed an ideology that specifically critiqued not only British policy but often questioned imperialism altogether, built an unstable and delicate coalition of diverse and sometimes antagonistic peoples, and sought to assert the participants' independence from the British. However, the participants in Pontiac's War were sovereign and autonomous indigenous nations, only recently and nominally allied to the British Empire, not British colonists, as in the American Revolution. Together these anti-British activists mounted a serious challenge to the British presence in the trans-Appalachian West and forced the British Empire to accede to many of their demands.
The Puritans
Sarah Rivett
The Puritans were a group of people loosely defined through their shared adherence to the reformed theological tradition, largely following the work of John Calvin. Beginning in the 16th century, the Puritan movement took root in specific regional locales throughout Germany, Scotland, the Low Countries, and England. Following Queen Elizabeth's settlement of 1559, which mandated conformity with the Church of England, the church's authority splintered further as Protestants clashed with the episcopal polity, or church hierarchy. Religious conflict intensified from the 1580s through the end of James I's reign, through repeated appeals to antiquity and patristics (writings from early Christian fathers) as pleas for further reform. Religious tension and persecution under the repressive regime of Archbishop Laud caused Puritans to leave England in search of new lands and communities.
When the Pilgrims and Puritans migrated to North America in 1620 and 1630, respectively, they did so with the intention of contesting the power of the crown to mandate religious uniformity. They believed in a Calvinist-based religion that espoused a separation of church and state, but that also privileged the spiritual authority of the individual to such a degree as to leave no clear signposts about how the disparate individuals practicing these faiths should form communities. Puritan congregations in New England allowed laymen as well as women new forms of spiritual self-discovery as they orally translated the evidence of grace recorded upon their souls into communal knowledge and a corporate identity that fashioned itself as a spiritual beacon to the world. Missionary encounters soon redefined Puritan faith, theology, and pious practices. Puritan identity in 17th century North America reconstituted itself through a particular confluence of interaction with foreign landscapes, native tribes, Africans, and new models of community and social interaction.
The Salem Witch Trials
Emerson W. Baker
The Salem Witch Trials are one of the best known, most studied, and most important events in early American history. The afflictions started in Salem Village (present-day Danvers), Massachusetts, in January 1692, and by the end of the year the outbreak had spread throughout Essex County, and threatened to bring down the newly formed Massachusetts Bay government of Sir William Phips. It may have even helped trigger a witchcraft crisis in Connecticut that same year. The trials are known for their heavy reliance on spectral evidence, and numerous confessions, which helped the accusations grow. A total of 172 people are known to have been formally charged or informally cried out upon for witchcraft in 1692. Usually poor and marginalized members of society were the victims of witchcraft accusations, but in 1692 many of the leading members of the colony were accused. George Burroughs, a former minister of Salem Village, was one of the nineteen people convicted and executed. In addition to these victims, one man, Giles Cory, was pressed to death, and five died in prison. The last executions took place in September 1692, but it was not until May 1693 that the last trial was held and the last of the accused was freed from prison.
The trials would have lasting repercussions in Massachusetts and signaled the beginning of the end of the Puritan City upon a Hill, an image of American exceptionalism still regularly invoked. The publications ban issued by Governor Phips to prevent criticism of the government would last three years, but ultimately this effort only ensured that the failure of the government to protect innocent lives would never be forgotten. Pardons and reparations for some of the victims and their families were granted by the government in the early 18th century, and the legislature would regularly take up petitions, and discuss further reparations until 1749, more than fifty years after the trials. The last victims were formally pardoned by the governor and legislature of Massachusetts in 2001.
Women and Religion in Colonial North America and the United States
Catherine A. Brekus
Historically, women in colonial North America and the United States have been deeply influenced by their religious traditions. Even though world religions like Judaism, Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam are based on scriptural traditions that portray women as subordinate to men, women have made up the majority of most religious groups in America. While some Americans have used religious arguments to limit women's legal, political, and economic rights, others have drawn on scripture to defend women's dignity and equality. Women's religious beliefs have shaped every aspect of their lives, including their choices about how to structure their time, their attitudes toward sexuality and the body, and their understanding of suffering. Unlike early American Catholic women, who saw their highest religious calling as the sisterhood, most white colonial women identified their primary religious vocation as ministering to their families. In the 19th century, however, white Protestant women become increasingly involved in reform movements like temperance, abolitionism, and women's suffrage, and African-American, Native American, Asian-American, and Latina women used religious arguments to challenge assumptions about white racial supremacy. In the 20th century, growing numbers of women from many different religious traditions have served as religious leaders, and in some cases they have also demanded ordination. Despite these dramatic changes in religious life, however, many religiously conservative women opposed the Equal Rights Amendment during the 1970s and early 1980s, and in the first decades of the 21st century they have continued to identify feminism and religion as antithetical.


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Posted by Editoress on 07/22/09
On Sunday September 13th, 2009 former Canadian Champion, Mike Garrigan will be holding a Cyclo-Cross clinic at Hardwood Ski and Bike
This camp will be open to all riders from beginner to expert who would like to learn more about Cyclo-cross riding and racing. Topics include riding skiils, bike set-up and maintenance, clothing and equipment, tactics, training and much more.
Mike Garrigan is a former Canadian Champion in cyclo-cross and is currently the coach of Jetpower and the Ontario Mountain Bike Team. Cost for the day is $75 and includes a trail pass.
Visit www.hardwoodskiandbike.ca for more information.
To register contact Guest Services at Hardwood Ski and Bike
402 West Old Barrie Road, Oro Station, ON, LOL 2E0 (705) 487-3775
|Return to Canadian Cyclist homepage | Back to Top


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Kanye West, much like his presidential pal Donald Trump, is not one to mince his words. So when asked to share his thoughts about wife Kim Kardashian meeting with the President of the United States on the interest of a convicted grandmother, he didn't hold back.
The "Yikes" rapper expressed his true feelings of Kardashian and Trump's one-on-one during Thursday night's (August 9) sit-down with Jimmy Kimmel on Jimmy Kimmel Live!
"She's super passionate about it and it was amazing for her to see that dream come true," West told Kimmel, lauding the reality star, who's White House appointment with President Trump culminated in 63-year-old Alice Marie Johnson receiving clemency from the life sentence she was charged with for a drug offense in the early 1990s.
When asked if he was apprehensive or concerned about his wife meeting with Trump alone, the 41-year-old star gave a surprising answer. "He is a player," West responded jokingly, earning rollicking applause from the audience. "You know, it's funny, in this world that we live in there's two main motivating forces. I tweet about it all the time: love and fear. you can't explain love."
The "All Mine" musician followed his statements by doubling down on his support for Trump, whom he acknowledges as an ally despite the criticism he faced from the African-American community.
"As a musician, an African American guy on Hollywood, all these different things, everyone around me tried to pick my candidate for me," West said. "And they told me every time I said I liked Trump I couldn't say it out loud or my career would be over, I'd get kicked out of the black community because blacks are only supposed to have a monolithic thought, we can only be Democrats."
"The confidence to take on the world and the possible backlash. It took me a year and a half to have the confidence to stand up and put on the ["Make America Great Again"] hat no matter what the consequences were," continued, adding, "You can't bully me, liberals can't bully me, the news can't bully me because at that point if I'm afraid I'm no longer 'Ye. I actually quite enjoy when people are mad at me about certain things."
Watch Kanye's Kimmel interview for more interesting soundbites, below:
Photo: Getty Images


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|Tiếng Việt
The Asian Turtle Program (ATP)
The Asian Turtle Program was established in 1998, incorporated into the Cleveland Metroparks Zoo/Cleveland Zoological Society's Asia regional program in 2003, and merged into Indo-Myanmar Conservation (IMC) to extend greater scope for work in additional fields for example additional taxa, alternative livelihoods in 2014. Since the ATP originated with the development of the Turtle Conservation Centre (TCC) at Cuc Phuong National Park together with our local partner NGO, Education for Nature Vietnam (ENV), we have been working on the conservation of tortoises and freshwater turtles (TFT) in Southeast Asia with a focus on Vietnam.
The aim of ATP is to establish a safe and sustainable future for Asian turtles, and to ensure that no further turtle species become extinct in the region. We implement strategic interventions that directly contribute to the conservation of Asian turtles, helping to ensure efficient use of limited resources, as well as developing capacity, strengthening leadership, and ultimately effecting positive attitudinal and behavioural change within society.
Activities in Vietnam have focused on priority species including critically endangered and endemic species of greatest conservation concern. Project focus on the endemic Vietnamese Pond Turtle (Mauremys annamensis), Bourret's Box Turtle (Cuora bourreti), Southern Vietnamese Box Turtle (Cuora picturata) in central Vietnam, and the legendary Hoan Kiem Turtle (Rafetus swinhoei) also known as Swinhoe's Softshell Turtle in northern Vietnam, largely recognised as the most endangered turtle species in the world.
Training and awareness undertaken by the ATP include enforcement training for forest rangers, raising public awareness about the importance of protecting Vietnam's turtles, conducting conservation-focused research, and building the next generation of young scientists and professionals with expertise in Vietnam's turtles through a student training program.
The Asian Turtle Program would like to thank all of our partner and donor organisations. If you would like to contribute to the ATP please visit our support page or contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com
Above: Wild Cuora mouhotii in Cuc Phuong National Park
Above: Indotestudo elongata seen in the trade in Central Vietnam
If you observe turtles, other wildlife or products made from wildlife in restaurants, markets, hotels, or elsewhere in Vietnam please contact ATP or Education for Nature (ENV) immediately
Call ENV's toll-free hotline number
Alternatively, you can also contact ATP and we will forward your report to ENV and local authorities


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