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A running discussion on the Cincinnati Reds and everything else in the baseball universe.
Sunday, March 29, 2009
2009 Top Prospect List: #2 Neftali Soto, inf
Height 6-2, Weight 180, B/T: R/R, DOB: 2/28/1989
2008 Redlegs Baseball Prospect Ranking: #11
While the Reds graduated their impact prospects in 2008, a few players climbed the list to fill the void. Neftali Soto is quickly emerging as part of the next wave of impact bats in the system. He has the potential to be an impressive middle-of-the-order hitter at the Major League level. He has a sweet righthanded swing, which makes him somewhat unique in a farm system that seems to produce only lefthanded impact hitters.
The Reds may have graduated Jay Bruce and Joey Votto in 2008, but Soto is proving that the Reds farm system is not without promise on the offensive side.
Soto didn't make his 2008 debut until June, when he started off the season at the rookie Pioneer League with the Billings Mustangs. For the Mustangs, Soto wasted little time in ripping the ball all over the state of Montana. In 67 ABs, Soto posted a slash line of .388/.423/.746/1.169 with 10 doubles, 4 homers, and a 10/4 K/BB ratio. His performance included a .415 BABIP and impressive 22% line drive rate. As Soto continued to hit balls off the Beartooth Mountains, the Reds made the obvious choice to promote him to low-A Dayton.
At Dayton, Soto continued his strong offensive performance, posting a .324/.342/.500/.842 in 216 ABs. He also hit 7 homeruns with a 36/7 K/BB ratio. His line drive rate declined to 15%. While low-A pitchers did a better job against Soto, his level of performance as a 19-year old was still quite impressive.
The obvious drawback in Soto's hitting approach is his lack of walks. While I tend to come down on the side of plate discipline being an inborn tool rather than a learned skill, Soto is still young enough that his current walk rate may not be reflective of his true ability to control the strike zone. In addition, as he continues to build a reputation for being a fierce power hitter, pitchers will work him more carefully and he'll likely receive more walks as a result. Another potential mitigating factor for his poor walk rate is that Soto has fairly low strikeout rate. While Soto's current walk rate is only a tick above that of fellow power hitting prospect Juan Francisco, his strikeout rate is much better than Francisco's strikeout rate.
Soto is the all-time youth homerun champ in Puerto Rico, earning the distinction by breaking former MLB slugger Juan Gonzalez's all-time homerun mark. Soto is also one of those rare players that actually make a right-handed swing look good.
His setup involves a slightly wider than shoulder width stance and a high back elbow. When the pitch is delivered, Soto takes a very small stride towards the pitcher to transfer his weight. He has explosive hip action, which creates substantial rotational velocity and generates tremendous bat speed. As he clears his hips out of the way, he brings his long, fluid swing to bear on the ball. Despite the impressive bat speed and longer swing, Soto's plus hand-eye coordination allows him to make consistent, hard contact. He seems to have good control of the barrel of the bat throughout the hitting zone. He simply doesn't have the same problem making contact that plagues other power hitters, which makes him a more complete hitter and a more compelling prospect.
Soto reminds me a bit of Dustin Pedroia in that respect, as he takes a massive hack at the pitch, but consistently gets the barrel of the bat on the ball. Such a long, aggressive swing isn't supposed to produce such consistent contact, but plus hand-eye coordination makes it possible.
Below you can see a few photos of Soto at the plate.
In the photo on the left, you can see Soto's strong set-up, which gives him a solid foundation for his swing. In the middle photo, you can see Soto's head staying down on the ball and the good extension, as he gets out-and-through the ball. Also, you can see that the rotational velocity of his swing and the impressive bat speed at times cause him to spin out or roll over on his front foot just a bit. In the photo on the right, Soto maintains good balance throughout his swing and he keeps both hands on the bat in his follow through. Again, it's more personal preference than anything, but I've always favored hitters who keep both hands on the bat in the follow through. Keeping both hands on the bat ensures stability throughout the swing and prevents the bleeding of power from the swing. Of course, some argue that by taking the top hand off the bat you improve power by increasing extension, but if the top hand comes off too early in the swing, then you risk losing power. Of course, you can be successful either way, but ultimately I'm not much of a disciple of the Walt Hriniak style of hitting.
Below, you can see a video clip of Soto in action. Here, he hits a bomb in impressive style for the Dayton Dragons.
And, here is a clip of Soto as an amateur in a homerun contest. You can see his impressive swing and raw power. In addition, there are some very interesting slow motion shots of his swing fron different angles at the tail end of the clip, so it's definitely worth your time.
Soto has very impressive swing for a prospect his age and he will go as far as it takes him. Hopefully, Soto can demonstrate a bit more patience and an improved ability to control the strike zone, as more advanced competition may be able to take advantage of his aggressive approach. While his hitting skills are both advanced and polished, his defensive skills are not.
Soto was a shortstop when the Reds drafted him, but he clearly wasn't going to stick at the position. His poor agility and lack of first step quickness made it inevitable that he would slide down the defensive spectrum. In 2009, Soto spent the majority of his time at third base and designated hitter. In the best case scenario, Soto would be able to stick at the hot corner, but it seems more likely that he'll have to shift to first base. He has the arm strength to handle third, but the accuracy on his throws isn't great. In addition, he's just not mobile or athletic enough for third base. As he fills out, he's likely to slide down the defensive spectrum yet again. Fortunately, he has the hitting skills to handle any position on the spectrum.
Soto is one of the most intriguing offensive prospects in the Reds' farm system. He has a sweet swing and impressive raw power. Unfortunately, he isn't a great athlete and his other skills don't measure up to his hitting ability, but his bat will likely be strong enough to carry him to the major league level. Power is usually the last tool to develop, so it'll be very interesting to see what happens to Soto's already impressive power as he continues to develop. Given his swing and his amateur pedigree, it may not be much of a stretch to see him quickly develop into one of the premier power hitting prospects in the minors. Ideally, he'll be able to pair his contact and power skills with good on-base skills, but even if he doesn't he could be an impact hitter at the MLB level.
Soto is still young and has a lot of development left, but his upside lands him at #2 on the list.
13 comments:
I like soto alot, I wonder how It will pan out with our third baseman. I think Francisco will become another willy mo and bring us good pitcher in a trade then fall off the face of the earthReplyDelete
Wily Mo is an interesting comparison. I hadn't considered that one. Francisco seems more polished than Wily Mo has ever been, so he *should* be a much better bet going forward. Francisco has much more baseball sense than Wily Mo, who is/was just a very toolsy player. Even so, I would like to see Francisco dealt for a player more in line with our team needs and our new speed/defense philosophy.
As for third base, I still like Frazier for the future. Personally, I think Soto ends up at first base, which only adds to our 1b logjam (Votto, Alonso, and potentially Soto & Francisco, etc). Unless Dickerson and Stubbs step up to claim the outfield spots alongside Jay Bruce, the Reds will probably be tempted to "hide" one of those players in left.
Despite graduating a lot of talent from the farm system last year, the Reds are still pretty well stocked. However, it's pretty unclear how all the pieces are going to fit together.
Thanks for the comment!
what would you do if you were the GM lark?ReplyDelete
- AnonymousMarch 30, 2009 at 3:38 PM
Can't Soto play a corneroutfeild spot with Bruce in center and Voto in right. leaveing room for Alonso at firt.ReplyDelete
Well, if I was the GM, I probably would have run the team into ground by now. :) You can bet that I wouldn't have brought in Willy T (though, I would have brought in Matt Murton). Still, even with the moves that were made this offseason, I don't think the calculus changes all that much. None of the additions were long-term solutions, so I'd still probably end up doing the same things.
I'd start with the goal of putting the best defensive team in the NL on the field. That would be my strategy, as a good team defense is like a rising tide in that it would lift all boats. All the pitchers on the staff would benefit from a defense that converted balls in play into outs at a higher rate. I still think defense is underrated, as its impact on the game is substantial. Once I got the defense straightened out, then I'd move on to the pitching. However, the pitching for the Reds is already set up nicely, so I wouldn't need to worry about that very much.
1) To me, the first move is to give Chris Dickerson every chance possible to prove his worth. He's the key player in a lot of respects. I'd give him all of 2009 to show what he can do. He gets at least 150 starts in leftfield in 2009. If he can live up to his potential on offense, then I lock him into a starting slot in the outfield.
If Stubbs keeps developing, then he can play center in 2010. An outfield of Dickerson/Stubbs/Bruce could be tremendous on defense and at the plate. So, I'd give it every opportunity to happen.
2) The second move is incredibly obvious. It's time to trade Edwin. He's not a third baseman and moving him down the defensive spectrum would simply continue to compromise the team defense. We have better and less expensive options coming up in the system. Trade him now while some teams still view him as a 3b. We have a lot of in house options, but I see Todd Frazier as the most likely replacement.
3) Find a long term option behind the plate. To me, you do what it takes to get Taylor Teagarden from the Rangers. He has plus defensive skills and an emerging bat. Not to mention, he hits from the right side, so he'd add better balance to the lineup and give us an impact bat behind the plate.
4) You have to find a long-term shortstop. At this point, I suppose you have to give Chris Valaika a look, but I have my doubts about his defense. If he can't handle it, then you have to look outside the organization. I'd give some serious consideration to calling the Angels and inquiring about Brandon Wood. Another righthanded, impact bat for the lineup. I'm not wild about his whiffs and lack of walks, but he could be a productive offensive player in GABP. Still, I suppose Valaika gets the first shot.
In short, if Dickerson can handle MLB pitching, then the outfield is Dickerson/Stubbs/Bruce. That frees up either Yonder or Votto to be added to the trade block along with Edwin. At this point, I'd keep Votto and trade Yonder. Yonder would be cheaper and under control for a longer period, but Votto is already established and I'd like to win before I collect Social Security.
So, I'd look to trade for Taylor Teagarden and also a shortstop if Valaika can't hack it. At this point, we are beginning to have more talent than places to play it, so some trades would be wise. I'd consider Edwin, Yonder, Juan Francisco, and some surplus starting pitching (maybe Arroyo at the trade deadline or one of Owings/Homer) as trade bait. I'd also start working Josh Roenicke into the bullpen and look to do the same with Zach Stewart when he is ready.
If Dickerson can't handle MLB pitching, then you have an opening in leftfield and have to consider other options. Maybe Dorn, Votto, or Francisco would be options at that point. If not, then we can always explore trade options or a free agent replacement.
There just aren't many holes left to fill at the MLB level and we have quite a bit of talent coming up through the system. A shrewd trade or two and we really might have something special. To me, it all starts with improved team defense.
Anyway, those are my thoughts for the day.
Thanks for the comment!!
Hey Anon,ReplyDelete
I think you could probably get away with Soto in leftfield, but I really don't want to see an outfield defense of Soto/Bruce/Votto. To me, that would rival the defensive ineptitude of the Griffey and Dunn outfields. I just don't see Votto as an outfielder and I don't think Bruce has the range to be an above average centerfielder. As for Soto, he strikes me as being a 1b, but it all depends on how he develops. It's possible that he could handle left, but I'm not sure he could be anything more than average out there (and even that might be a stretch).
I'm pretty sure that I'm in the minority, but I'm not willing to sacrifice defense to find a place for both Yonder and Alonso. I'd rather see the Reds follow the Brewers/LaPorta path with the Votto/Yonder dilemma. I'd rather see them trade one of the two for a player who better fits our needs, than try to fit a square peg in a round hole.
Maybe Votto is more competent in left than I realize. If he is, then it could be a workable strategy, but I doubt he's even average out there. If Dickerson can hit, then he should get the leftfield job. His combination of offense and defense would make him much more valuable than an out of position Yonder/Votto.
It'll be interesting to see how it all plays out, but I'm about done with playing guys out of position. We all suffered through the Griffey, Dunn, and (the ongoing) Edwin years and I just don't think you can win that way. Defense needs to be a top priority and it won't be if we are trying to hide guys in unfamiliar positions just to get their bats in the lineup.
Anyway, thanks for the comment!!
- AnonymousMarch 31, 2009 at 4:25 AM
remember in 1990 the Reds were not an offensive juggernaut, but won with pitching and defenseReplyDelete
Yeah, I think that's an interesting point. It has struck me that, as of late, the Reds have been good when they have had a strong bullpen. Obviously, you had The Nasty Boys in 1990, in 1995 you had Jeff Brantley and Mike Jackson, and in 1999 you had Danny Graves, Scott Williamson, Scott Sullivan, Dennys Reyes, and Gabe White.
So, I'm certainly encouraged by the Reds efforts to become a pitching and defense first type team. Obviously, they still need offense, but they are morphing into a much more well-rounded team.
Thanks for the comment!
- AnonymousMay 26, 2009 at 5:14 AM
LOL LARK11, I couldnt agree with you more sir.ReplyDelete
1st- LF?? HMMM yea a tricky one huh. I agree
- AnonymousMay 26, 2009 at 5:20 AM
Taveras had one bad year in colorado where he hit .251 but swiped 68 bags. Taveras is only 6 months older than dickerson, a true leadoff hitter and great bunter a taveras, stubbs and bruce outfield is more like it. Oh and leave votto at first and trade yonder for a great pitching prospect and trade arroyo. Let weathers and lincoln go and let fisher and roenicke come up from the minors and you now have a very strong starting rotation and bullpen. Keep Rhodes for his no nonsense lead by example attitude aside from the fact that he gets the job done.(let bray heal from surgery) Oh and yea send darnell mcdonald down and bring norris hopper back up. (WHY HASNT THIS BEEN DONE YET). Trade nix and gomes for some young prospects and you now have a young young team ready to compete for a NL crown year in and year outReplyDelete
- AnonymousMay 26, 2009 at 5:24 AM
whats all the talk about kicking Edwin out of town, come on now people Edwin is still young and remember last year and the year before he hit .286 and around .275 respectively, ive noticed his defense has gotten better. Edwin is usually a late starter but he will come around and become more consistent. He is going to be a future star that will average nearly 30 homers and 80-85+ RBIS per year. HE IS YOUNG. We have done him like we did bailey, brought him up when he was barely 21 and threw him into the fire and said be a superstar rite away, it doesnt work that way.ReplyDelete
Hey Anon,ReplyDelete
Thanks for the comments. I'll address your Willy T thoughts over in your comment on the "Other Notables" post.
I agree with you that we should trade one of Yonder or Votto. And, as of now, I think it should be Yonder. Votto has exceeded all my expectations. It's nice to be pleasantly surprised for a change. That doesn't happen much to us Reds fans.
As for what they should target in return for Yonder, I'm not really sure. The obvious choices are catcher, shortstop, and starting pitching. We have some very good young arms in the rotation, but there isn't much in terms of impact arms on the horizon in the farm system. So, I supposed you could target a starting pitcher. I'd agree that it is almost time to part ways with Arroyo. He's a solid MLB starter, but his salary is high and if we can find a cost effective young arm to take his place, then he wouldn't be missed.
As for the bullpen, Jocketty gave Lincoln a two year contract, so they are unlikely to cut him loose any time soon. They'll try to recoup their investment first. As for Weathers, he is walking way too many hitters, but his ERA is currently 2.87. I'd have no problems parting ways with him after the season, but he's not been a big problem this year. Still, I would have loved to get a compensatory pick for him this past offseason. The Reds just brought up Fisher, which is encouraging, but I'm not sure why Roenicke is still down on the farm. They could use his big time arm and ultimately I think he'll work high leverage innings for the Reds.
I doubt the Reds would get much of value of Gomes and Nix. McDonald was just demoted and his days in Cincy are almost assuredly at an end.
As for competing, we are pretty close. I'm not sure we'd even need to add much talent from outside the system to be in the playoff mix. We have Frazier, Yonder, and Valaika about ready to contribute. The bullpen should be solid, so we aren't far off of what we need to be.
The next few years should be exciting times for Reds fans.
Anyway, thanks for the comment!
As for your thoughts on Edwin, I'd be hard pressed to disagree more. If you believe in the new defensive metrics (and I do), then you'd be of the opinion that Edwin is regressing defensively. He's not getting better, he's getting worse. It's not just the errors, it's the fact that his range is minimal.
To me, it would seem that the best case for Edwin would be something along the lines of ~25% above average on offense, but among the absolute worst on defense. It hardly matters if you are an above average offensive player if you give it all back on the defensive side of the game.
Edwin is a big problem on this team and they would be in much better shape if they found a more viable option at the hot corner. He's already 26 and I'm just not sure how much upside he has left. I'd imagine there is some left in his bat, but as long as that comes with such terrible hot corner defense, it's just not worth it.
Anyway, my $.02.


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Banthai Beach Resort & Spa
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Superior (Single) (206)ASK(ASK)Superior (Twin / Double)ASK(ASK)Deluxe (Single) (52)ASK(ASK)Deluxe (Twin / Double)ASK(ASK)Deluxe Pool (18)ASK(ASK)Superior Suite (10)ASK(ASK)Deluxe Suite (2)ASK(ASK)Grand Suite (1)ASK(ASK)Villa Suite (1)ASK(ASK)Extra BedASK(ASK)Extra Bed for ChildASK(ASK)* The rates quoted are in Thai Baht per room per night for both single and double occupancy.
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text:
Semua auxiliary verbs "kecuali be, do dan have" disebut modals. Tidak seperti auxiliary verbs lainnya, modals juga berfungsi sebagai kata kerja Bantu dan tidak dapat berdiri sendiri. Perhatikan contoh-contoh Modals di bawah ini beserta fungsi dari Modals melalui contoh kalimat yang diberikan.
- They can control their own budgets. (kemampuan/kemungkinan)
- Can I smoke here? (Minta Izin)
- Can you help me? (Permintaan)
- Could I borrow your dictionary? (Minta Izin)
- Could you say it again more slowly? (Permintaan)
- We could try to fix it ourselves. (Saran)
- I think we could have another Gulf War. (Kemungkinan)
- He gave up his old job so he could work for us. (Kemampuan)
- May I have another cup of coffee? (Minta Izin)
- China may become a major economic power. (Kemungkinan)
- They might give us a 10% discount. (Kemungkinan)
- We must say good-bye now. (Keharusan)
- They mustn't disrupt the work more than necessary. (Larangan)
Ought to
- We ought to employ a professional writer. (Menyarankan)
(jarang dipakai di Amerika)
- Shall I help you with your luggage? (Menawarkan)
- Shall we say 2.30 then? (Menyarankan)
- Shall I do that or will you? (Meminta)
- We should sort out this problem at once. (Menyarankan)
- I think we should check everything again. (Merekomendasikan)
- Profits should increase next year. (Prediksi tak tentu)
- I can't see any taxis so I'll walk. (Keputusan Spontan)
- I'll do that for you if you like. (Menawarkan)
- I'll get back to you first thing on Monday. (Janji)
- Profits will increase next year. (Prediksi tak tentu)
- Would you mind if I brought a colleague with me? (Minta Izin)
- Would you pass the salt please? (Permintaan)
- Would you mind waiting a moment? (Permintaan)
- "Would three o'clock suit you?" – "That'd be fine." (Mengatur)
- Would you like to play golf this Friday? (Mengundang)
- "Would you prefer tea or coffee?" – "I'd like tea please." (Merujuk)
Modal auxiliary verbs selalu diikuti oleh bentuk kata kerja pertama.


text:
In May 2010, reports surfaced that Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) was investigating allegations that a guard at the T. Don Hutto Residential Center, an immigration detention center in Texas, had sexually assaulted several female detainees.[1] The guard, who was arrested on August 19, 2010 on suspicion of official oppression and unlawful restraint, allegedly groped women while transporting them to an airport and a bus station where they were being released. [2] While largely covered in the media as an isolated incident, this is only the latest in a series of assaults, abuses, and episodes of harassment that have quietly emerged as a pattern across the rapidly expanding national immigration detention system. Due to a shortage of publicly available data and the closed nature of the detention system, the extent to which ICE detainees are subject to sexual abuse nationwide is unclear, but the known incidents and allegations are too serious and too numerous to ignore. They point to an urgent need for investigation and for swift action to correct glaring gaps in detention policy, practice, and oversight.
The allegations of abuse at Hutto are all the more disturbing because of where they occurred. One year ago, in August 2009, the Obama administration announced plans to overhaul the immigration detention system. Hutto was a model for the detention reform plan that followed. Previously a family detention facility,[3] Hutto was to become an all-female detention center.[4] It was to be an example of the enhanced oversight ICE planned, and the "softer" form of detention that was to reflect the non-criminal nature of immigration custody.[5] The detention reform announcements also identified the agency's response to sexual abuse as an area for improvement. A report by detention expert Dora Schriro, which formed the basis for the reforms, stated: "The system must make better use of sound practices such as … practices that comply with the Prisoner Rape Elimination Act."[6]
A year later, the alleged sexual assault of women at Hutto serves as a stark reminder of how far detention reform has yet to progress. While ICE has made significant steps towards reform—including drafting new detention standards with the input of immigrant and detainee rights advocates—further steps, including publication of those standards and improvements in oversight and accountability to see that they are implemented, are still needed to ensure the safety and fair treatment of immigrants in detention.
In researching this report, Human Rights Watch gathered reported incidents and allegations of sexual assault, abuse, and harassment in ICE detention from a range of sources, including press reports, governmental and nongovernmental studies, a public hearing, court documents, and Human Rights Watch interviews. The research focused solely on reports and allegations of incidents since 2003, when ICE assumed control of immigration detention functions from the Immigration and Naturalization Service. Secondary accounts were collected primarily through a search of news and legal databases and through consultations with immigrants' rights advocates. Information was also drawn from two interviews that Human Rights Watch conducted in April and May 2008 with individual women detainees about the medical care they received in detention and about their other detention-related concerns. To protect their privacy and alleviate concerns regarding retaliation, Human Rights Watch assured women that their real names and the potentially identifying details of their interview would not appear in our report. For this reason, the names of all women interviewed have been replaced with pseudonyms, and the exact dates and precise locations of the interviews have been withheld. For all of the included incidents and allegations, we have included the country of origin of the detainee or detainees whenever it was publicly available.
ICE oversees the fastest-growing incarceration system in the United States. In the 2009 fiscal year, 383,524 people were detained for various lengths of time over the course of the year, a 64 percent increase over 2005.[7] The detention system has an average daily population of over 31,000, of whom women constitute 9 percent.[8] Detained for alleged civil—not criminal—violations of US immigration law, they include asylum seekers, undocumented immigrants, legal permanent residents convicted of certain crimes, refugees who the US had accepted for resettlement but who did not apply for permanent residency in time, and even US citizens whose citizenship the government disputes. In addition, they may be victims of trafficking,[9] survivors of sexual assault and domestic violence, pregnant women, and nursing mothers.[10] While in ICE custody, they are held in a detention system that includes service processing centers operated directly by ICE, contract detention facilities managed by private companies, bed space at state and county jails in agreements with ICE, and facilities run by the federal Bureau of Prisons. While the average person is detained 30 days,[11] for some, detention can last years.
This report gathers more than 15 separate documented incidents and allegations of sexual assault, abuse, or harassment from across the ICE detention system, involving more than 50 alleged detainee victims. This accumulation of reports indicates that the problem cannot be dismissed as a series of isolated incidents, and that there are systemic failures at issue. At the same time, the number of reported cases almost certainly does not come close to capturing the extent of the problem. Victims of abuse in detention face a range of obstacles and disincentives to reporting, from a lack of information about rules governing staff conduct, to fear of speaking out against the same authority that is seeking their deportation, to trauma from the abuse in detention and possibly from violence and other abuse they have previously suffered in their countries of origin.[12] Most immigration detainees do not have legal representation, which may also inhibit their ability to report and seek redress for abuses of their rights in detention.
To date, the government has not published statistics that comprehensively focus on the problem of sexual abuse in immigration detention. The Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA) mandated the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) to collect data on sexual abuse in custodial settings for each calendar year, following the act's passage in 2003. BJS has included 14 facilities run by or exclusively for ICE in its Survey on Sexual Violence in Correctional Facilities, which collects reports of sexual violence from administrative records. The 2004 survey reported six allegations of sexual violence for the reporting year.[13] The 2005 survey reported an estimated two substantiated incidents of sexual violence nationally; the 2006 survey estimated a single substantiated incident.[14] BJS also included 957 ICE detainees from five facilities run by or exclusively for ICE in the second National Inmate Survey (NIS-2), which collects information on these issues directly from individuals in custody. The results of the NIS-2 are expected to be published in late August 2010.
However, because both these surveys focus on facilities run by or exclusively for ICE, they do not shed light on the incidence of sexual violence, abuse, and harassment of immigration detainees in the hundreds of jails and contract facilities in which ICE rents a portion of the bed space. This is a notable omission, both because of the number of such facilities used by ICE and because the rates of substantiated sexual violence are four to five times higher in state prisons, local jails, and privately operated jails, than in federal prisons, according to the 2006 BJS survey.[15] The Department of Homeland Security, the agency in charge of immigration detention, is not mandated under law to publish data on sexual violence, and has not done so. In consultations regarding this report, an ICE official said that the agency would consider publishing such information in the future.[16]
International and US Law and Standards
International treaties ratified by the United States prohibit the mistreatment of individuals in government custody. Under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), ratified by the US in 1992, "all persons deprived of their liberty shall be treated with humanity and with respect for the inherent dignity of the human person."[17] The Human Rights Committee, which oversees the implementation of the ICCPR, has explained that detained persons retain all of the rights in the covenant, subject only to "the restrictions that are unavoidable in a closed environment."[18] This includes the right to freedom from torture and ill-treatment. The Convention against Torture, which the US ratified in 1994, states that governments are responsible for not only acts of torture committed by government officials, but also those committed with their acquiescence.[19] In reviewing US compliance with the treaty, the Committee against Torture has expressed concern about "reliable reports of sexual assault of sentenced detainees, as well as persons in pretrial or immigration detention," and recommended the government ensure that "allegations of violence in detention centres are investigated promptly and independently, perpetrators are prosecuted and appropriately sentenced and victims can seek redress, including appropriate compensation."[20]
In addition to addressing the general prohibition on rape and sexual assault of persons in detention, international human rights authorities have specifically addressed the subject of body searches in custody. The Human Rights Committee has determined that preserving prisoners' rights to privacy necessitates that body searches by government authorities or medical personnel should only be conducted by persons of the same sex.[21] Under the UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners, women prisoners are to "be attended and supervised only by women officers."[22]
International law also affirms the right of prisoners to medical care that is at least comparable to the care and services available to those who are at liberty, which includes care after a rape. The principle of equivalence, articulated in the Basic Principles for the Treatment of Prisoners, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1990, holds that "Prisoners shall have access to the health services available in the country without discrimination on the grounds of their legal situation."[23] Further, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women,[24] which the US has signed but not ratified, has been interpreted by its monitoring committee to require governments to "establish or support services for victims of family violence, rape, sex assault and other forms of gender-based violence, including refuges, specially trained health workers, rehabilitation and counseling."[25]
Like international law, the US Constitution and federal law contain particular protections for individuals in state custody. The Eighth Amendment prohibits cruel and unusual punishment, which has been interpreted to include deliberate indifference by prison officials to the rape and sexual assault of prisoners.[26] Immigration detainees, who are in administrative custody, are protected from such treatment under the Fifth Amendment's restrictions on the handling of individuals in legal procedures.[27] In addition, the Fourth Amendment's privacy protections are relevant to practices that may facilitate the sexual harassment of individuals in custody. Federal courts have held that those privacy protections prohibit male guards from strip-searching female prisoners,[28] conducting intrusive pat-frisks,[29] or engaging in inappropriate visual surveillance.[30] Federal law contains specific criminal penalties for both sexual assault of federal prisoners and detainees and any sexual contact with detained persons by guards in federal facilities.[31]
Recognizing an urgent need to proactively combat sexual abuse in custodial settings, Congress passed the Prison Rape Elimination Act in 2003.[32] The act establishes a plan for assessing the extent of rape in custodial settings and for scaling up the government's prevention and response efforts. The act created a commission of experts tasked with studying the problem and developing recommended standards for use in prisons, jails, and detention centers. In June 2009, the commission published its findings and recommendations, including sections specific to immigration detention.[33] While PREA mandated that the Department of Justice (DOJ) issue standards within a year of receiving the commission's recommendations, DOJ has yet to do so.
Known Incidents and Allegations
The recent allegations of sexual abuse in detention are far from unprecedented. The summaries below reflect complaints of abuse from detention facilities around the country, including from Texas, Florida, New York, California and Washington State. While most of the reported incidents have involved the abuse of female detainees, including transgender women, men have also reported sexual abuse. The reports highlighted here occurred since the formation of ICE in 2003, however, reports of problems of sexual abuse in detention date back to ICE's predecessor agency, the Immigration and Naturalization Service.[34]
Five women detained at the Port Isabel Service Processing Center in Texas were assaulted in 2008 when then-guard Robert Luis Loya entered each of their rooms in the detention center infirmary, where they were patients, told them that he was operating under physician instructions, ordered them to undress, and touched intimate parts of their bodies. In April 2010, just one month prior to the most recent alleged assaults at Hutto, a federal judge sentenced Loya to three years in prison to be followed by community supervision for the assaults against the female immigration detainees.[35] According to the Department of Justice, Loya, who had been employed by a private contractor to work at the facility, admitted to sexually touching the five women. He stated in his guilty plea that he sought out duty in the detention center's medical unit in order to gain access to the medical isolation rooms. The known assaults occurred in March and April of 2008, but Loya had worked as a guard for six-and-a-half years before he was dismissed when these assaults came to light.
In May 2007, when Hutto still functioned as a family detention center, a young boy was sleeping in a crib inside his mother's cell when a guard entered and had sexual contact with her. Video surveillance captured the guard, employed by private contractor Corrections Corporation of America (CCA), crawling out of the cell in the middle of the night in an apparent failed attempt to evade security cameras.[36] CCA fired the guard, but he never faced criminal prosecution by either state or federal authorities. According to an ICE spokesperson, the police investigation concluded that the sexual contact had been consensual.[37] In any Bureau of Prisons facility in the US, the same incident would have constituted a crime because federal law criminalizes sexual contact between guards and those in their custody.[38] However, at the time, that particular provision of the federal criminal code applied only to facilities under the authority of the Department of Justice. Immigration facilities had been under the authority of the DOJ until 2003, but then authority passed to the newly created Department of Homeland Security. Consequently, the statutory provision did not cover sexual misconduct in ICE facilities at the time of the incident at Hutto. Later in 2007, a legislative amendment was passed to make the provision cover all federal facilities.[39]
The South Texas Detention Complex in Pearsall, Texas has also been dogged by reports of sexual abuse of detainees.[40] In 2008, media outlets reported detainees attesting to frequent sexual abuse. One such report stated that documents obtained through a Freedom of Information Act request described an investigation into an alleged assault of a detainee from Mexico by a private security guard which led to his firing but did not result in prosecution.[41] According to the report, the documents also said that another detainee had reported multiple sexual assaults.[42]
In the summer of 2009, the Women's Refugee Commission received numerous reports of sexual assault at the Willacy Detention Center in Raymondville.[43] In at least one case, a lawsuit was filed by the victim, who was transferred to the Port Isabel center after the allegations were made. The allegations received by the Women's Refugee Commission included not only assaults by guards on women, but also one alleged incident in which a guard locked a female detainee in a room with a male detainee to whom he "owed a favor," so that he could rape her. These reports came from various sources, including former staff at the facility who wished to remain anonymous. These alleged incidents were reported to Dora Schriro in August of 2009 and she responded by immediately going to Willacy herself to investigate and conduct interviews.
Children, too, have apparently been subject to alleged abuse in Texas immigration detention facilities, although their care is overseen by the US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), rather than ICE. Nine Central American children, one of whom was identified as 16 years old, reported sexual and physical abuse while in the custody of Texas Sheltered Care, a facility in Nixon, Texas, contracted by DHHS.[44] According to claims submitted in a lawsuit, the children were fondled, groped, and forced to perform oral sex on one guard, and some were beaten by other guards. Although one guard was eventually prosecuted and convicted of sex abuse, the suit claims that the children's allegations were initially met with retaliation and cover-up attempts by facility officials. Children who complained were reportedly transferred punitively to other facilities, denied food, made to sleep on the ground, and deprived of access to medical care.
In September 2007, a female detainee was being transported between two Florida detention facilities when the ICE agent transporting her took her to his home and raped her. "I was scared for my life," the woman said in an interview with The Miami Herald. "He had a gun. He's a big man, and I was in his custody. I expected him to protect me, not to take advantage of me."[45] The woman, a mother of two and a 12-year resident of the US originally from Jamaica, told another detainee at the second facility what had happened and that detainee told the authorities. The ICE agent, Wilfredo Vazquez, was fired and brought up on federal charges for the assault. In 2008, Vazquez and the prosecution reached an agreement that dropped the more severe charge of aggravated sexual abuse but in which he was sentenced to more than seven years in prison for sexual abuse.[46]
Michelle N., [47] a trafficking victim, was sexually assaulted in 2007 in a Florida jail in which ICE had a contract for bed space.[48] At this facility, immigration detainees were housed in the same dormitory as individuals arrested on criminal charges. Another detainee told her attorney that women held on criminal charges had sexually abused Michelle N. while she was partially incapacitated by sedatives, which had been prescribed by the jail health staff for her mental health concerns. Michelle's attorney immediately reported the allegations to the jail and to ICE in writing. Although the jail moved Michelle to another dormitory, the authorities did not contact the attorney and, to the attorney's knowledge, did not take any further action.
Washington State
Two detainees at the Northwest Detention Center in Tacoma, Washington, reported to student, faculty, and nongovernmental organization researchers that they experienced sexual harassment. The harassment included one guard asking about detainees' sexual activity and referring to their genitals, and another making perceived advances on a detainee and rubbing the detainee's buttocks "in an effort to 'wake him up.'"[49] The incidents were documented in a July 2008 report by the Seattle University School of Law International Human Rights Clinic and OneAmerica based on interviews with detainees between September 2007 and April 2008. The report also discussed complaints from five detainees about strip searches, some of which took place following attorney visits. One female detainee quoted in the report said, "Here we were stripped completely naked, a female officer told me to open my legs wide and she peeped into my vagina and later, she asked me to turn my back-side and expose my anus [by separating the cheeks with her hands], I was told to cough several times while in this position—with the officer looking at my private parts. We were forced to subject ourselves to this dehumanizing treatment. For several days afterward I wept and have continued to have nightmares about this treatment."[50]
In mid-2006, Lydia S.,[51] a 41-year-old domestic violence survivor and mother of two, was being held by ICE in a contracted detention center in Arizona.[52] Also contracted to other government agencies, the detention center accepted a large transfer of prisoners in criminal custody from California during Lydia's period of detention. The facility transferred the criminal justice prisoners into the same dormitory that housed the ICE detainees. When the prisoners arrived, the guards conducted a search for contraband that still made Lydia shudder when she recounted it in an interview with Human Rights Watch two years later. She said that the guards required everyone in the dorm, including the immigration detainees who had already been in custody in the center, to strip completely naked and walk in a circle in front of the female guards. Lydia resisted but was commanded by one of the guards to remove her clothes. After walking in a circle, the women were instructed to bend over and cough to determine whether they were carrying drugs. The indignity of the search deeply upset Lydia and led her to withdraw from engaging with facility staff. "I didn't file a request for two whole weeks," she said. "All I could do was cry. I was in shock."
Rose L.,[53] held by ICE for over 14 months in 2007 and 2008, was called three times for vaginal examinations by a particular male member of the medical staff at a detention facility in Arizona.[54] On none of the occasions had she complained of a gynecological problem, and on none was a nurse present when the male staff member conducted the exam. She told Human Rights Watch that she and six other detainees who had similar experiences filed a grievance. "I decided I'm going to grieve that man because I felt like he is truly hurting my pride as a woman," she said. The grievance was effective in the immediate term: she reported that two days later, he was fired and escorted from the building. However, nothing further was done to follow up with her about the effect the abuse had on her.
New York
In the course of a confidential assessment by the American Bar Association, two detainees at a Queens detention facility reported that a guard "displayed extremely unprofessional behavior towards detainees over a period of several years, including taking some of his clothes off and simulating sexual acts with detainees, stating jocularly that he wanted to have sex with detainees, and cursing routinely in his speech. When detainees complained, the [facility] tour commander and security chief dismissed the concerns, stating that [the officer] was crazy and that they could not help."[55] Neither the detainees' grievance lodged with the facility nor the copy directed to the DOJ received a response. The detainees' allegations became public in a July 2009 report from the National Immigration Law Center that revealed information from hundreds of documents obtained through discovery in litigation with the government, including the previously confidential ABA assessment from 2004.[56]
New Jersey
Immigration detainees at the Hudson County Correctional Center reported to DHS inspectors that a guard used a camera phone to take pictures of them leaving the shower and the bathroom and when they were sleeping.[57] After receiving the reports from the detainees in July 2005, the DHS Office of Inspector General interviewed the officer, who denied the allegations, and referred the incident to the ICE Office of Professional Responsibility.
A Thai woman detained on immigration charges at a Wisconsin jail was sexually assaulted by other detainees but received no help from the jail guards to whom she reported the abuse, according to a 2007 briefing paper prepared by the National Immigrant Justice Center, which provided the woman with legal representation.[58] The center reports that the woman was unable to tell her attorney of the assaults for three months because the jail did not give her the opportunity to have a private telephone conversation. During that time, the guards did not provide her with help to escape the abuse, even after one incident led to her hospitalization.
Before a hearing of the National Prison Rape Elimination Commission in December 2006, Mayra Soto (whose name is now Esmeralda Soto) testified about her experience being sexually assaulted and otherwise mistreated as a transgender woman in ICE custody.[59] Soto was detained at the San Pedro Service Processing Center in December 2003. While she waited in a holding cell to speak with her attorney, she said a guard came in and forced her to perform oral sex on him. He left for a short time and then came back and commanded her to do it again.
In her testimony about the assault, Soto emphasized the trauma caused by not just the assault, but by the events that followed her reporting of it. She said she continued to have flashbacks of having to wait overnight to wash out her mouth because of delays in arranging for evidence collection. The distress and depression she experienced following the assault went largely untreated and she had difficulty eating and sleeping. She felt hostility and pressure to retract her accusation from the other guards at the detention center. The guard who assaulted her was fired, but took a plea in the criminal case, resulting in a sentence of just six months, plus probation.
When she was detained again at the same facility in May 2005, following her deportation and subsequent return to the US, she was told that another transgender detainee who had been released had been mistaken for her and murdered in apparent retribution for the rape charges brought against the guard. When Soto was detained this second time, the facility housed her in a unit with the general male population, where she was subject to sexual harassment. After being physically injured in a fight between two detainees who claimed to "own her," she was placed in protective custody. The protection, however, amounted to solitary confinement.
In another incident, a woman detained at a contract facility run by CCA in San Diego reported being raped by a guard while on work detail.[60] According to the Office of the Inspector General at DHS, which documented the report in an audit of five facilities published in December 2006, the guard was fired following an investigation, but the Department of Justice declined to pursue criminal charges.[61] The audit also found a complaint from December 2004 alleging that a guard had conducted a "physically abusive 'pat down' search that was followed up by a strip search conducted within view of other detainees."[62]
Challenges in Policy, Implementation, and Oversight
ICE has made substantial improvements in its response to sexual assault and abuse, particularly in the past three years. In developing the 2008 Performance-Based National Detention Standards for its detention facilities, ICE included for the first time a standard on sexual assault and abuse prevention and intervention.[63] The standard required screening detainees to identify those with a history of abuse, providing detainees with an orientation to sexual assault policies, reporting and investigating all allegations of sexual abuse, and providing medical treatment and forensic examinations to victims of abuse. Since drafting this new standard, ICE has worked on revising it, taking into account the recommendations of the National Prison Rape Elimination Commission and of NGOs. ICE has been especially active in soliciting input from the NGO community on this issue since the reports of sexual assault at Hutto came out in May 2010. As a result of these efforts, a much-improved sexual assault standard is expected to be published in the fall of 2010, along with other revised detention standards. ICE anticipates that by winter implementation will have commenced in the top 22 facilities that house the majority of the agency's population.[64]
Among the improvements expected in the new standard are the expectation that facilities show zero tolerance for sexual abuse, more thorough requirements for data collection and reporting, and the addition of emergency contraception (EC) to the guidelines for the facility medical response. This latter issue is also to be addressed in a newly created women's health standard. The creation of a standard on women's health represents a major step forward in ICE's response to the needs of women in the agency's custody. It should be noted, however, that sexual assault victims transported outside the facility for specialized care will only have access to EC "as available," which will restrict access when victims are taken to hospitals that do not provide the intervention. This could arise in the case of certain hospitals that object on religious grounds to providing EC. Human Rights Watch interviewed a woman in 2008 who had been taken to a hospital and then to a separate clinic for emergency contraception after she was apprehended by ICE following an assault crossing the border.[65] Taking such steps to ensure access to EC for sexual assault victims should be required of all detention centers.
As detailed below, ICE has agreed to revise its search and transportation policies to address concerns regarding safety in those contexts. Although further policy changes are in order, taken together, the changes expected in the new standards have the potential to greatly enhance the prevention of and response to sexual abuse in ICE custody.
However, these improvements will only be effective if and when they are implemented. ICE has not yet published the standards and once they are published, plans to roll them out gradually. This will mean that some facilities could remain without any standard for some time, as some facilities still operate under the 2000 standards, which did not include a standard on sexual assault. Further, in the long term, improved policies will have little impact if detainee safety remains compromised by inadequate opportunities for detainees to seek redress and insufficient oversight of the detention system. Highlighted below are areas in which there is a continuing need for improvement in ICE's response to sexual assault, abuse, and harassment.
An Inadequate Response to Sexual Abuse and Harassment
ICE fails to fully inform detainees about the rules governing sexual misconduct and sexual harassment. Although federal law now criminalizes sexual contact between guards and detainees, the prohibition on such conduct is far from clear at the facility level. Advocates report that detainees sometimes deny knowledge of sexual misconduct at their facility, but will refer to "alliances" between detainees and guards based on sexual relationships. The National Detainee Handbook developed by ICE does not define sexual abuse or sexual harassment. ICE has informed Human Rights Watch that it plans to revise the detainee handbook to state in plain language the agency's "zero tolerance" for abuse.[66]
Sexual harassment receives sparse and inconsistent treatment in current ICE materials. In some instances, the definition of sexual harassment is limited to actions or communications "aimed at coercing or pressuring a detainee to engage in a sexual act."[67] This fails to encompass egregious acts of harassment—humiliating comments of a sexual nature or unnecessary viewing of detainees while they undress—that are not directed towards instigating a sex act. The new detention standard on sexual assault prevention and response will incorporate a definition of sexual harassment that covers indecent, profane or abusive language or gestures and inappropriate visual surveillance of detainees.[68]
Unrestricted Searches
In spite of the non-criminal nature of immigration detention, ICE has adopted a policy that imposes few limitations on guards' authority to search detainees and, consequently, opens up unnecessary opportunities for abuse of that authority. To conduct a pat-down search of a detainee, a guard need not meet any threshold of suspicion of contraband; it is contemplated that these searches will be conducted routinely.[69] ICE insists this policy is necessary to give facilities flexibility in maintaining security.[70] Currently, although cross-gender strip searches are only permitted in emergency situations, no restriction is placed on cross-gender pat searches.[71] However, ICE has said that the new detention standards will prohibit cross-gender pat searches and will allow trans-gender detainees to select the gender of the guard searching them.[72]
Transportation Policy Failures
Sexual assault of detainees in the course of transportation has now been reported on at least two occasions. While ICE attributed the most recent incident during transportation from Hutto to a failure to follow ICE policies, those policies are themselves insufficient. Despite appeals from advocates that the transportation standard be amended to require that a female guard be present during transportation of female detainees, the existing standard has only required that transporting guards call in the time and mileage they spend transporting a female detainee.[73] ICE has announced that the new standard will prohibit a single guard from transporting a single detainee of the opposite sex, but will not require the presence of a guard of the same-sex unless it is expected that a search of the detainee will be conducted during the transport.[74] The agency says that it cannot require a guard of the same gender be present in all transports because of an Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ruling that found such a policy constitutes gender discrimination.[75]
The existing and forthcoming ICE standards on sexual assault provide for facility staff to report allegations of sexual abuse to ICE for administrative investigation and to appropriate law enforcement authorities for criminal investigation. However, before allegations can be reported to higher authorities they have to be reported in the first instance by the detainees. Creating safe spaces for detainees to report abuse is critical for assessing the extent of abuse and, most importantly, for ensuring that individual survivors can seek safety and get access to needed medical, psychological, and legal services. ICE informs detainees in its handbook of multiple ways of reporting abuse, including by calling a toll free number for the Office of the Inspector General.[76] However, certain key avenues for reporting abuse are flawed. For example, detainees at times have to seek out grievance forms from guards overseeing their care, who may be the ones responsible for abuse or may be perceived as posing a threat of retaliation. Detainees who do use facility grievance systems to complain about detention conditions and related issues report that responses are frequently delayed and often unsatisfactory, reducing confidence in the system.[77] In the fall of 2010, ICE plans to review the grievance system in consultation with an advisory committee composed of nongovernmental organizations.[78]
Moreover, all of the authorities to whom detainees are told they can report are part of, or, contracted by the government. ICE has begun to encourage facilities to cooperate with community service providers, such as local rape crisis centers, in sexual assault and abuse prevention and intervention efforts. An ICE internal working group on the agency's victim assistance program will be looking at ways to expand collaboration with providers.[79] To make these partnerships effective, ICE leadership should require facilities to permit community service providers access to facilities so that they can conduct sexual assault awareness activities and can serve as an additional, independent point of contact for detainees who need services or wish to report abuse. They should have opportunities to speak with detainees in private so that they can confidentially ask them about their treatment at the facility. The community service providers can then work with individual detainees on bringing the abuse to the appropriate authorities.
An additional deficiency in ICE's response to sexual abuse is the lack of standardized procedures for ensuring that, once abuse is reported, the victims of the abuse and any witnesses are not deported. In addition to taking measures in the short term to prevent immediate deportation, ICE should make victims aware that they may be eligible to apply for a U-visa, which allows for crime victims to remain in the United States and cooperate with law enforcement authorities. As recently as the May incident at Hutto, advocates have faced difficulties in establishing that affected detainees were informed of and given access to this avenue of relief. ICE indicated that this concern has been noted and that discussions are taking place within the Department of Homeland Security on how to address this in the future.[80]
Oversight and Accountability
An overextended, decentralized system of detention subject to few external controls continues to put the safety of immigration detainees at risk. The numerous different types of facilities used—to which differing detention standards can apply and over which ICE has varying degrees of control—have posed a major obstacle to effective monitoring and oversight of conditions. Further, a detainee may be moved through a succession of facilities with different procedures, heightening the risk that an episode of abuse will go undetected. Human Rights Watch has documented the frequent transfers of immigration detainees across long distances, which undermine access to legal counsel and to family.[81] Removing these support structures can damage not just a detainee's immigration case, but also his or her ability to challenge abuses within detention.
Following extensive criticism of the immigration detention system and the scattered network facilities it includes, ICE has explored options for enhancing its control over conditions at facilities used by the agency. These efforts have included employing contractors to conduct assessments of facility compliance with detention standards, staffing the 40 facilities holding the most ICE detainees with detention monitors (first contracted monitors, then federal officials), and concentrating detainees in fewer facilities to allow for closer oversight. It is notable, however, that the recent incident at Hutto took place in spite of these efforts.
ICE's efforts have focused on enhancing its own oversight, but as advocates have noted, the agency has resisted opening up the detention system to external oversight. Most notably, ICE has refused to issue legally binding regulations governing detention conditions, stating that the flexibility of standards allows for meaningful change.[82] However, regulations would provide stronger protection for detainees and enhance their ability to seek redress for violations in courts of law. Further, the limited access to facilities available to outside community service providers and advocacy groups contributes to making the detention system a place where abuses can be hidden until, often, the victims are shipped away.
To the Department of Homeland Security
- Institute legally binding detention standards applicable across all types of immigration detention facilities. Issue regulations with standards for conditions of detention in ICE custody, so that the standards have the force of law.
- Appoint a Prison Rape Elimination Act coordinator. Augment the capacity of the Office of Civil Rights and Civil Liberties by establishing a position dedicated to implementation of the Prison Rape Elimination Act. One function of such a position would be to coordinate trainings for ICE headquarters, field office, and detention facility staff.
- Publish information on reported incidents of sexual assault. DHS should also cooperate with the Bureau of Justice Statistics on research into the prevalence of sexual assault and abuse, and make the findings publicly available.
To Immigration and Customs Enforcement
- Ensure that reports of sexual abuse are thoroughly investigated. Investigations should include an inquiry into the actions or failures to act by all ICE employees and contractors responsible for that facility. Without compromising victim confidentiality, the results and progress of investigations should be made public. ICE should cooperate with the Department of Justice and law enforcement authorities to ensure that criminal sanctions are pursued where appropriate.
- Expedite implementation of the detention standard on sexual assault and abuse prevention and intervention across all facilities holding ICE detainees. Special attention should be given to the swift implementation of the detention standard on sexual assault and abuse prevention and intervention. The standard was first included in the 2008 Performance Based National Detention Standards. However, those standards have not been put into effect across all facilities, meaning that some facilities have no standards at all on this issue. The 2008 standard has since been revised, but the new version has not been released publicly. ICE should expedite the publication and implementation of the new standard.
- Improve the monitoring of facility compliance with detention standards. Monitoring should be carried out by multiple independent, nongovernmental organizations that do not contract with ICE for other services. Contracts for monitoring should be non-renewable to eliminate incentives for biased reviews. The monitoring should include random inspections with unlimited access to the facility and should allow for detainees to speak privately with monitors during inspections. The monitors' findings should be made public.
- Require detention centers to facilitate on-site access for local community providers of support services for sexual assault survivors. Wherever a willing, reputable community provider of services to sexual assault survivors is available for partnership, facilities should be required to coordinate with the provider on prevention and response programs, including arranging for the provider to have access to the facility for information sessions and consultations with the detainee population.
- Standardize procedures for ensuring access to appropriate immigration relief and release from detention for victims and witnesses. Formal procedures should be developed to ensure detainees are apprised of and given access to avenues of immigration relief, such as the U- and T-visas, which allow victims of crime and of trafficking, respectively, temporary leave to stay and cooperate in the investigation of the crimes, with the potential to later adjust to permanent status. This should happen as a matter of course on taking someone into custody and in particular following allegations of abuse. Formal procedures should also be developed to prevent deportation of potential victims and witnesses, and to explore possibilities for their release. ICE should create a publically available U-visa certification policy that clarifies a process for certification and how an individual would know she or he is eligible.
- Eliminate cross-gender searches. Ensure that the recently announced change to prohibit guards from conducting cross-gender body searches is included in the final revised standard.
- Require reasonable suspicion for pat searches on detainees within detention facilities. After a detainee has been searched upon admission to a facility, reasonable suspicion should be required to justify additional intrusions on their privacy.
- Ensure that detainees are fully informed about their rights with respect to sexual assault, abuse, and harassment. This should include amending the detainee handbook to include definitions of sexual abuse and sexual harassment so that the prohibition on sexual contact between guards and detainees is clear. Handbooks and complaint procedures at all facilities should be translated into multiple languages.
- Institute procedures for ensuring the safety of detainees at a heightened risk of abuse. Procedures should address how to determine the safest housing assignments for detainees at heightened risk of abuse, including detainees with mental disabilities and mentally ill detainees, especially those on medication.
- Ensure access to appropriate medical treatment for survivors of assault. Whether detainees are treated inside or outside the facility for sexual assault, they should have access to the full range of treatment options, including for sexually transmitted diseases and emergency contraception.
To the Department of Justice
- Issue regulations based on the National Prison Rape Elimination Commission's recommendations without delay. PREA called for DOJ to propose regulations on prison rape within one year of receiving the recommended standards from the National Prison Rape Elimination Commission. That year has passed with no regulations.
- Review the department's experience in prosecuting sexual assault and abuse in immigration detention. In conjunction with ICE, conduct a review of reported cases of sexual assault and abuse to identify any procedural obstacles that have inhibited the prosecution of perpetrators of abuse.
To the US Congress
- Demand disclosure of ICE records related to sexual assault, abuse, and harassment in detention. Require ICE to produce records detailing the number of reports of such misconduct received through multiple possible channels (the ICE Office of Professional Responsibility, the DHS Office of Inspector General, and the Joint Intake Center, among others) and the action taken in response to these reports.
- Pass legislation setting standards. Write into law minimum standards for conditions at all types of immigration detention facilities nationwide.
Human Rights Watch is grateful to the immigration detainees whose accounts appear in this report and to the immigration advocacy organizations and attorneys who supported the research. The report was researched and written by Meghan Rhoad, researcher in the Women's Rights Division at Human Rights Watch. The report was edited by Janet Walsh, deputy director of the Women's Rights Division, and Alison Parker, director of the US Program. It was reviewed by Clive Baldwin, senior legal advisor, and Robin Shulman, consultant to the Program Office. Additional research and editorial assistance was provided by Daniela Ramirez, coordinator in the Women's Rights Division, and by Kate Welsh, intern. Grace Choi, Ella Moran, and Fitzroy Hepkins provided production and photo assistance.


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If you have any ideas about how to make Township better, please let us know about them. We cannot promise that all of your ideas will be implemented soon, but some of them definitely will!
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#1 The New Copperheads-During the Civil War,President Lincolns appointee,betrayed him.
- Join Date
- Aug 2005
- Posts
- 22,889
During the Civil War, when the issues of right and wrong were clear, one of President Lincoln's appointees, General George McClelland, betrayed him. The anti-war Democrats to whom McClelland pandered were called "Copperheads." They rallied around McClelland to defeat the president politically, when they could not defeat the armies of America militarily. McClelland had a pretty high opinion of himself. He knew what Lincoln did not: That the war come not be won, that giving up and bringing the troops home was the only sensible answer, and that the president was not much of a leader.
Democrats overwhelmingly supported this type of defeatism and these Copperheads would shrink from almost nothing to insure that the war ended, whatever the sacrifice already made to preserve the Union and whatever the costs of allowing the Union to dissolve. These Copperheads did not really care about moral issues, like Lincoln and his Republicans did. Slavery was an abomination in the South and democracy scarcely existed, but McClelland and the Copperheads did not care.
The public approval ratings for Lincoln – if there had been such ratings in 1864 – would have shown him as the least popular president in history. The mainstream media of the time pilloried him mercilessly. Although Lincoln was intelligent, lesser men, like McClelland, considered him a buffoon. Although Lincoln had an almost transcendent nobility, lesser men, like McClelland, considered him no more than a crass pol. Although Lincoln would be judged by history to be great, lesser men, like McClelland, judged him to be ordinary.
McClelland was putty in the hands of the treacherous Copperheads. His own sense of self-importance made McClelland feel that he was much more important to the war effort than the Republican Party or the Republican president. He fancied himself at the center of things, when actually he was an incompetent whose time spent in the administration prolonged the war.
- Join Date
- May 2008
- Location
- Ohio
- Posts
- 9
Those who forget the lessons of history are doomed to repeat it.
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5981 Arapaho Road #1704
Dallas, TX 75248
Estimated payment ∕month**
Customize your monthly payment
Sq Ft
Enjoy the peaceful views of the 9th Fairway from this updated condominium. Two master suites! The main level has living room with a wood burning fireplace, patio overlooking Prestonwood golf course, master bedroom and vaulted ceilings. Updated kitchen includes LG stainless appliances and updated fixtures. Second level master has a patio and second entry. This bath is also updated and features a tub-shower and 2 closets. Enjoy a serene location while living close to shopping, restaurants and entertainment.
Additional Property Details
Homeowners Association (HOA)
Lot & Land
*Note: All room dimensions, including square footage data, are approximate and must be verified by the buyer.
The information contained herein is furnished by the owner to the best of his/her knowledge, but is subject to verification by the purchaser, and agent assumes no responsibility for the correctness thereof. The sale offering is made subject to errors, omissions, change of price, prior sale, or withdrawal without notice. In accordance with the Law, this property is offered without respect to race, color, creed, national origin, sex, familial status or disability. This is not intended to solicit property currently listed.
**Assumes 4.25% APR, 20% down payment, and conventional 30-year fixed rate first mortgage. Rates cited are for instructional purposes only; current rates are subject to change at any time without notice. You should not make any decisions based simply on the information provided. Additional required amounts such as taxes, insurance, home owner association dues, assessments, mortgage insurance premiums, flood insurance or other such required payments should also be considered. Contact your mortgage company for current rates and additional information.Listing Agent:Cindy Ballard
Broker:Ebby Halliday, REALTORS
Safety Rating
Commute to Work
School Districts
Results received from this calculator are designed for comparative purposes only, and accuracy is not guaranteed.
(877) 275-1762Alex.Parker@
PHMLoans.com Visit Our Website
When you decide to buy a home or refinance your mortgage, your search should start and end here. At Prosperity Home Mortgage, LLC, we strive to create an extraordinary customer experience through the efforts of knowledgeable and caring mortgage professionals where relationships are valued, and the focus is on treating every client as if they were the only client. Choose a lender you can trust to find the mortgage loan that best suits your needs.
1 Bed 1 Bath 734 Sq Ft
2 Beds 2 Baths 1,038 Sq Ft
2 Beds 2.1 Baths 1,902 Sq Ft
4 Beds 4 Baths 3,742 Sq Ft
2 Beds 1 Bath 1,112 Sq Ft
6010 La Cosa Drive Dallas, TX 75248
$439,990 Reduced
3 Beds 2.1 Baths 2,174 Sq Ft


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I recently noticed some new parents on a message board discussing their lack of knowledge about the terminology surrounding baby bedding and nursery decorations. I felt their pain. It wasn't long ago that I didn't know the difference between a crib and a cradle and I certainly didn't know what a dust ruffle was. So I put together this short list – let me know if I missed anything!
Appliqué – A pattern or design that has been cut out of one fabric, and sewn on another fabric with a "satin stitch" (a very tight and smooth zig zag stitch). Appliquéd items give a wonderful dimensional and custom look, especially when compared to bedding designs with screen printed or stamped themes.
Cradle Bedding – Cradles are typically used for a baby's first six months before they transition to their own crib in their own nursery. Standard-size cradle mattresses measure approximately 18″ x 36″. Cradle bedding typically comes with a sheet, bumper and blanket.
Cradle Blanket / Stroller Blanket – A cradle blanket / stroller blanket typically measures 29″ x 39″; a perfect size to carry or swaddle a newborn. They are also a nice size for covering a baby when taking walks in the stroller on chilly mornings.
Crib Bumper – A crib bumper is a protective pad that lines the inside of a crib and is the same height all the way around. Crib Bumpers should have both top and bottom ties for added safety.
Crib Blanket / Baby Blanket – A crib blanket measures approximately 35″ x 45″. These blankets are typically made with two different fabric types on the front and back. They have a variety of uses including swaddling or carrying infants, tummy time or as an emergency changing area (yes, I have done this more than once!).
Crib Comforter – A box-quilted comforter with non-allergenic resin-free poly-fill that coordinates or complements a crib bedding set. Dimensions of crib comforters are approximately 38″ x 48″, depending on the edging. For the early months of infancy, a comforter should not be used directly on or under the baby. However, later on in the toddler stage, a quilt can be a very comforting item for the child. They identify with the theme or colors and it gives them a feeling of security which they have become accustomed to with their nursery décor.
Crib Bedding Set – A bedding ensemble that will fit a standard crib with the approximate dimensions of 28″ X 52″. Four-piece crib bedding sets include a bumper, comforter or blanket, sheet and dust ruffle.
Dust Ruffle / Crib Skirt – Crib skirts are decorative in nature and hang below the crib mattress area and hide unsightly crib hardware and storage areas under some cribs.
Diaper Stacker – A decorative item used to store diapers – either cloth or disposable. Diaper stackers usually hang near or on the changing or dressing table for convenience and will make diaper changing easier. Diaper stackers should not hang on the crib.
Musical Mobile / Crib Mobile – Mobiles attach to the sides of cribs and hang over the crib area so that babies can look up and be entertained by the patterns, movement and music of the mobile. Crib mobiles should be removed from the crib area once the child can sit up or move to their hands and knees.
Portable/Mini Crib/ Portacrib Set – A bedding set that will fit a travel or mini crib with the dimensions of approximately 24″ x 38″. A 3-piece portable crib bedding set includes the bumper, sheet and blanket.
Valance – Window valances fit at the top of your window for decoration. The balloon valances may be stuffed with tissue for a "balloon" look or may hang straight. Dimensions are 18″ x 84" and are designed to fit the large 2 1/2 inch curtain rod and can be stuffed or left to hang straight. Tab top valances measure approximately 64″ x 16″ and leave a generous 3" header.
I hope this helps some of the new parents (er, dads) out there. I know I was lost about 19 months ago!


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EGAP Learning Days 6
EGAP Learning Days 6
Organized by Evidence in Governance and Politics (EGAP)
In association with
Invest in Knowledge (IKI)
Malawi – February 13-17, 2017
The Evidence in Governance and Politics (EGAP) network, in coordination with Invest in Knowledge (IKI) is organizing a Learning Days workshop for principal investagators (PIs) in Africa. This five-day event aims to spread the concepts and tools of experimental methodology for social science research. The workshop will cover sessions on key aspects in the design of experimental impact evaluations, presentations of experimental research, statistical exercises (with and without statistical software), and individual advisory sessions for participants to work on their own research designs. Key topics include causal inference, hypothesis testing, randomization, power, average treatment effects, non-compliance, and more. Accepted applicants will be expected to complete a brief preparatory exercise before arriving for the workshop.
The final agenda will be available on this page. For previous workshop agendas, see:
Chile: http://egap.org/sites/default/files/FinalAgendaEGAPLearningDaysChile_sit...
Ghana: http://egap.org/content/learning-days-accra-2015-agenda
Ghana: http://egap.org/content/learning-days-accra-2015-agenda
Organization: This event is organized by Maarten Voors (Wageningen University, EGAP Trainings Director) and James Mkandawire (IKI). The workshop instructors will be:
- Macartan Humphreys (Columbia University)
- Nahomi Ichino (University of Michigan)
- Maarten Voors (Wageningen University)
- Gareth Nellis (University of California, Berkeley)
- Tara Slough (Columbia University)
Scholarships: Accepted applicants will be contacted to coordinate travel details and request additional information. The workshop's organizers will cover the financial costs of: airfare to and from the workshop location, lodging, breakfast/lunch/snacks, and a celebratory dinner the last night. Participants are responsible for other dinners, visa arrangements, and incidentals.
Participants: The workshop is designed for principle investgator: ie professors, post-doctoral fellows, PhD students, and NGO/government agency evaluators who implement experimental research projects on programs related to institutions, governance, and development. The workshop is limited to applicants based (anywhere) in Africa. Applicants must have training in social sciences, and should have basic knowledge of statistics and/or econometrics. Finally, as the sessions will be conducted in English, applicants must have a professional command of the language (reading and speaking). In order to maintain a productive atmosphere, the meeting will have a maximum of 15 participants.


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Jolt Awards: Utilities, July 24, 2012 The Jolt judges combed through more than 40 products to find the very best developer utilities. We now reveal the Jolt Award winner and the runners-up.
Jolt Productivity Award: JetBrains dotTrace 5.1
JetBrains, the company that made its stripes with the high-end Java IDE, has long been a well-respected player in the .NET programming space on the strength of its ReSharper product. Its dotTrace performance and memory profiler might not be as well known, but it is certainly the best app profiler for .NET development. What distinguishes dotTrace 5.1 is its ease of use. It is a plugin that runs directly from Visual Studio and can run against any .NET binaries, including those on a remote machine. It offers data in a single snapshot or over many long runs to get the full application memory and performance profile. The resulting data is presented in a variety of useful formats that invite drilling down to see where the bottlenecks are occurring. You can drill down to a specific line of code, if you wish. Another feature captures program execution tracing so that you can see every function as it was called, what it called in turn, and who called it. This new version adds the ability to decompile code in the profiler when you discover a hotspot in a library for which you don't have the code. You can see the decompiled code and get some idea of which function is the culprit. This release has also shifted to monitoring remote machines via HTTP, rather than the earlier proprietary protocol. This step greatly simplifies set up and facilitates performance profiling of Web applications. This product will continue to solidify JetBrain's reputation as the top designer of code-level tools for developers.
— Andrew Binstock


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These neat images from a now-broken etsy.com link came up during a recent search.
It'd be cool to see this as a giant prop in a Haunt.
Very octopus-like.
Wednesday, January 19, 2011
Evil Tree
These neat images from a now-broken etsy.com link came up during a recent search.
Posted by Rot at 10:08 AM
Labels: etsy.com, haunted tree, monster trees, octopus
3 comments:
- Pam Morris said...
very Tim Burtonish...really like the red glass eyes touch...
- January 19, 2011 at 11:20 AM
- Terrormaster said...
Wow that's pretty cool. Would like to see it as a full scale yard prop myself. Hell I'd use to scare the bejesus out of my landlord who keeps chopping down trees on the property. You know, a subtle sort of hint ;-)
- January 19, 2011 at 1:36 PM
- Chris 'Frog Queen' Davis said...
I have always wanted to make a tree for the display....but then logical husband point out to the 10 very large trees in the yard and says "do you really need another tree?" I hate when he geta all logical on me :D
But this has me thinking again......
- January 19, 2011 at 2:27 PM
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A new survey says that Facebook employees love their boss Mark Zuckerberg.
As he led his company to a widely-touted initial public offering last year, his approval rating was 95 percent, according to Mashable. However, a year later (and Facebook's IPO being a roller coaster ride of disappointment and relief) is approval rating is 99 percent.
Glassdoor, a job site, compiled the data and found that Zuckerberg hit 100 percent in three of the four quarters, but his popularity waned in the first three months of 2013 and dropped to 96 percent, thus making an average of 99 percent.
U.S. & World
News from around the country and around the globe
The IPO priced shares at $38 and while Facebook stock hasn't hit that price since, it has managed to rise from the depths of the teens to a more reasonable $26.25 (as of this writing.) It seems that until recently, the company was totally behind Zuckerberg. Only the numbers for April, May and June will show us if the decline of confidence continues.


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I encountered a Black Market Weapon trader in my journey across the cosmos, and it was offering an unknown weapon for 65 scrap. I'm leery of putting down 65 scrap on a weapon with no idea what it is.
What determines the weapon sold by the Black Market Trader? Is it completely random, and if so, what are possible weapons it can sell me?


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We normally avoid these pathetic featurette things like the plague. They tend to be full of footage you've already seen interspersed with clips of "interviews" with actors listlessly spewing boiler plate. This "Rango" featurette is decidedly different.
Depp takes us on the set of director Gore Verbinski's upcoming animated adventure, which also stars Isla Fischer and Bill Nighy, about a chameleon suffering through an identity crisis.
What's cool is that Verbinski not only has his actors working together, he also shot footage of them acting out all the scenes and used that as a model for the animators. It sad that this approach, which sounds totally obvious, is not the norm.
U.S. & World
News from around the country and around the globe
"Rango" arrives March 4.