text:
New South Wales
The Sydney Opera House and Sydney CBD at dusk from Jeffrey Street, Kirribilli
|33°51′35.9″S 151°12′40″E / 33.859972°S 151.21111°ECoordinates: 33°51′35.9″S 151°12′40″E / 33.859972°S 151.21111°E
|4,627,345 (2011)[1] (1st)
|• Density
|380/km2 (980/sq mi) (2013)[2]
|26 January 1788
|12,144.6 km2 (4,689.1 sq mi)
|Time zone
|• Summer (DST)
|various (38)
|State electorate(s)
|various (49)
|Federal Division(s)
|various (24)
Sydney /ˈsɪdni/[4] is the state capital of New South Wales, the most populous city in Australia. It is on Australia's south-east coast, on the Tasman Sea of the Pacific Ocean. In June 2010 the greater metropolitan area had an approximate population of 4.6 million people.[1] Inhabitants of Sydney are called Sydneysiders, comprising a cosmopolitan and international population.[5]
The site of the first British colony in Australia, Sydney was established in 1788 at Sydney Cove by Captain Arthur Phillip, of the First Fleet, as a penal colony.[6][7] The city is built on hills surrounding one of the world's largest natural harbours,[8] which is commonly known as Sydney Harbour, where the iconic Sydney Opera House and the Harbour Bridge are prominent structures. The hinterland of the metropolitan area is surrounded by national parks, and the coastal regions feature many bays, rivers, inlets and beaches, including the famous Bondi and Manly beaches. Within the city are many parklands, including Hyde Park and the Royal Botanic Gardens.
Sydney is a consistently high-ranking world city for quality of life and the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) ranked it the world's third most expensive city in 2013.[9] It has hosted multiple major international sporting events, including the 1938 British Empire Games (now known as the Commonwealth Games), the 2000 Summer Olympics and the final of the 2003 Rugby World Cup. The main airport serving Sydney is Sydney (Kingsford Smith) Airport [10] and its main port is Port Botany.
- 1 History
- 2 Geography
- 3 Urban structure
- 4 Economy
- 5 Demographics
- 6 Culture
- 7 Government
- 8 Education
- 9 Infrastructure
- 10 See also
- 11 References
- 12 External links
Radio carbon dating suggests that the Sydney region has been inhabited by indigenous Australians for at least 30,000 years.[11] The historic indigenous inhabitants of Sydney Cove are the Cadigal people, whose land once stretched from south of Port Jackson to Petersham.[12] While estimates of the population before the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788 remain contentious, an estimated 4,000–8,000 Aboriginal people lived in the Sydney region before contact with British settlers. The British called the indigenous people the "Eora";[13] when asked where they came from these people would answer: Eora, meaning "here", or "from this place" in their language.[12]
The three language groups in the Sydney region were divided into dialects, spoken by smaller clans. The principal languages were Darug (the Cadigal, inhabitants of the area of present-day City of Sydney, spoke a coastal dialect of Darug), Dharawal and Guringai. Each clan had a territory, and the location of each territory determined the resources available. Although urbanisation has destroyed much earlier evidence of these settlements, such as shell middens, a number of Sydney rock engravings, carvings and rock art remain visible in the Hawkesbury sandstone of the Sydney basin.[14]
In 1770, Lieutenant James Cook landed at Botany Bay on the Kurnell Peninsula.[15] Here Cook made first contact with an Aboriginal community known as the Gweagal.[16] Under instruction from the British government, Arthur Phillip founded a convict settlement in the area, arriving at Botany Bay with a fleet of 11 ships on 18 January 1788. Closer examination determined the site to be unsuitable for habitation, owing to poor soil and a lack of reliable fresh water. Phillip subsequently founded the colony one inlet further north along the coast, at Sydney Cove on Port Jackson on 26 January 1788. The official proclamation of the founding and naming of Sydney took place nearly two weeks later on 7 February 1788. The original name was intended to be Albion, but Phillip named the settlement after the British Home Secretary, Thomas Townshend, Lord Sydney, in recognition of Lord Sydney's role in issuing the charter authorising Phillip to establish the colony.[17]
In April 1789, a catastrophic epidemic disease, spread through the Eora people and surrounding groups, with the result that local Aborigines died by the thousands. Their bodies could often be seen bobbing in the water in Sydney Harbour.[18] Because the Eora had no immunity to such Eurasian endemic diseases, the results were catastrophic for them. By the early 1800s, the Aboriginal population of the Sydney basin "had been reduced to only 10 percent of the 1788 estimate"[citation needed] or an estimated 500 to 1000 Aboriginal people between Broken Bay and Botany Bay.[13]
Some indigenous people mounted violent resistance to British settlement, notably by the warrior Pemulwuy in the area around Botany Bay. Conflicts were common in the area surrounding the Hawkesbury River. By 1820 only a few hundred Aborigines survived. Governor Lachlan Macquarie had begun initiatives to 'civilise, Christianise and educate' the Aborigines by removing children from their clans and placing them with British households.[13] Macquarie's tenure as Governor of New South Wales was a period when Sydney was improved from its basic beginnings. Roads, bridges, wharves and public buildings were constructed by British and Irish convicts. By 1822 the town had banks, markets, well-established thoroughfares and an organised constabulary.
The 1830s and 1840s were periods of urban development, which included the first suburbs. The town grew rapidly with the arrival of British and Irish immigrants seeking a new life in a new country. On 20 July 1842 the municipal council of Sydney was incorporated. The town was designated as the first city in Australia, with John Hosking elected as its first mayor.[19] Rapid suburban development began in the last quarter of the 19th century with the advent of steam-powered tramways and railways easing commutes to work. With industrialisation, Sydney expanded rapidly and, by the early 20th century, it had a population of more than a million. In 1929, the novelist Arthur Henry Adams called it the "Siren City of the South" and the "Athens of Australia".[20]
The Great Depression hit Sydney hard in comparison to other Australian cities.[21][22] One of the highlights of the Depression era, however, was the completion of the Sydney Harbour Bridge in 1932.[23]
There has been a rivalry between Sydney and Melbourne since the gold rushes of the 1850s made the latter, capital of Victoria, Australia's largest and richest city.[24] Sydney overtook Melbourne in population in the early years of the 20th century,[25] and continues to be the largest city in Australia. During the 1970s and 1980s, Sydney's central business district (CBD), with a great number of financial institutions including the headquarters of the Reserve Bank, surpassed Melbourne as the nation's financial capital.[26]
Sydney's urban area is in a coastal basin, which is bordered by the Tasman Sea to the east, the Blue Mountains to the west, the Hawkesbury River to the north and the Royal National Park to the south. It lies on a submergent coastline, where the ocean level has risen to flood deep river valleys (ria) carved in the Hawkesbury sandstone. Port Jackson, better known as Sydney Harbour, is one such ria.[27]
The urban area has nearly 70 harbour and ocean beaches, including the famous Bondi Beach. Sydney's urban area covers 1,687 km2 (651 sq mi) as of 2001.[28] The Sydney Statistical Division, used for census data, is the unofficial metropolitan area[29] and covers 12,145 km2 (4,689 sq mi).[30] This area includes the Central Coast, the Blue Mountains, and national parks and other unurbanised land.
Geographically, Sydney lies over two regions: the Cumberland Plain, a relatively flat region lying to the south and west of the harbour, and the Hornsby Plateau, a sandstone plateau lying mainly to the north of the harbour and dissected by steep valleys. The parts of the city with the oldest European development are located in the flat areas south of the harbour. The North Shore was slower to develop because of its hilly topography and lack of access across the harbour. The Sydney Harbour Bridge was opened in 1932 and linked the North Shore to the rest of the city.[31]
Sydney is mostly Triassic rock, with some recent igneous dykes and volcanic necks. The Hawkesbury sandstone is some 200 metres (660 ft) thick, with shale lenses and fossil riverbeds dotted throughout it. Almost all of the rocks exposed around Sydney are sandstone. The sand that was to become this sandstone was washed from Broken Hill and laid down in the Triassic period, about two hundred million years ago, a time when plants were ferns, reptiles were becoming dinosaurs, and mammals did not yet exist. The Sydney Basin sits on the east coast of Australia, which is made up of a basin filled with near horizontal sandstones and shales of Permian to Triassic age that overlie older basement rocks of the Lachlan Fold Belt. The sedimentary rocks have been subject to uplift with gentle folding and minor faulting during the formation of the Great Dividing Range. Erosion by coastal streams has created a landscape of deep gorges and remnant plateaus. The Sydney Basin bioregion includes coastal landscapes of cliffs, beaches and estuaries.[32]
Sydney has a temperate climate with warm summers and mild winters, with rainfall spread throughout the year.[33] The weather is moderated by proximity to the ocean, and more extreme temperatures are recorded in the inland western suburbs. The warmest months are January and February, with an average air temperature range at Observatory Hill of 18.7–25.9 °C (65.7–78.6 °F) for January and 18.8–25.8 °C (65.8–78.4 °F) for February.[3] An average of 14.9 days a year have temperatures of more than 30 °C (86 °F).[3]
In winter, temperatures rarely drop below 5 °C (41 °F) in coastal areas. The coldest month is July, with an average range of 8.0–16.3 °C (46.4–61.3 °F).[3] Rainfall is fairly evenly spread through the year, but is slightly higher during the first half of the year. The average annual rainfall, with moderate to low variability, is 1,213.8 mm (47.79 in), with rain falling on an average of 143.5 days a year.[34][3] Snowfall was last reported in the Sydney City area in 1836, while a fall of graupel, or soft hail, mistaken by many for snow, in July 2008, has raised the possibility that the 1836 event was not snow, either.[35][36] Extreme temperatures have ranged from 45.8 °C (114.4 °F) on 18 January 2013 to 2.1 °C (35.8 °F) on 22 June 1932, the lowest recorded minimum at Observatory Hill.[37][38] At the Sydney Airport station, extremes have ranged from 46.4 °C (115.5 °F) to −0.1 °C (31.8 °F).[39]
The city is not affected by cyclones, although remnants of ex-cyclones do affect the city. The El Niño–Southern Oscillation plays an important role in determining Sydney's weather patterns: drought and bushfire on the one hand, and storms and flooding on the other, associated with the opposite phases of the oscillation. Many areas of the city bordering bushland have experienced bushfires, these tend to occur during the spring and summer. The city is also prone to severe hail storms and wind storms. One such storm was the 1999 hailstorm, which severely damaged Sydney's eastern and city suburbs. The storm produced massive hailstones of at least 9 cm (3.5 in) in diameter and resulting in insurance losses of around A$1.7 billion in less than five hours.[40]
The Bureau of Meteorology has reported that 2002 through 2005 were the warmest summers in Sydney since records began in 1859.[41] The summer of 2007–2008, however, proved to be one of the coolest summers on record.[42] Warmer and drier conditions came back in 2009 and 2010, when above-average temperatures were recorded. In 2009, the dry conditions brought a severe dust storm towards eastern Australia.[43][44] In 2011, above-average rainfall was recorded.[45]
On 18 January 2013, Sydney experienced record-breaking temperatures with 45.8 °C (114 °F) recorded at Observatory Hill.[46] The highest minimum temperature recorded at Observatory Hill is 27.6 °C (82 °F), in February 2011 while the lowest maximum temperature is 7.7 °C (46 °F), recorded in July 1868.[3]
The average annual temperature of the sea is above 20 °C (68 °F), and the monthly average ranges from 18 °C (64 °F) in July to 23 °C (73 °F) in January.[47][48]
|Climate data for Sydney (Observatory Hill)
|Record high °C (°F)
|Average high °C (°F)
|Average low °C (°F)
|Record low °C (°F)
|Rainfall mm (inches)
|Avg. rainy days
|Mean daily sunshine hours
|Source #1: Bureau of Meteorology[49]
|Source #2: [50]
Urban structure[edit]
Sydney's Central Business District (CBD) extends southwards for about 3 km (2 mi) from Sydney Cove to the area around Central station. The Sydney CBD is bounded on the east side by a chain of parkland, and the west by Darling Harbour, a tourist and nightlife precinct.
Together with the commercial district of North Sydney, joined to the CBD by the Harbour Bridge, the most significant outer business districts are Parramatta[51] in the central-west, Penrith[52] in the west, Bondi Junction in the east, Liverpool[53] in the southwest, Chatswood to the north, and Hurstville to the south.
The extensive area covered by urban Sydney is formally divided into 649[54] suburbs (for addressing and postal purposes), and administered as 40[55] local government areas. There is no metropolitan-wide government, but the government of New South Wales and its agencies have extensive responsibilities in providing metropolitan services.[56] The City of Sydney itself covers a fairly small area comprising the central business district and its neighbouring inner-city suburbs. In addition, regional descriptions are used informally to conveniently describe larger sections of the urban area. These include Canterbury-Bankstown, the Eastern Suburbs, the Forest District, Greater Western Sydney, the Hills District, the Inner West, the Macarthur region, the Northern Beaches, the Northern Suburbs, the North Shore, Southern Sydney, South-western Sydney, the St George district, the Sutherland Shire and Western Sydney.
Parks and open spaces[edit]
Sydney is well-endowed with open spaces and access to waterways, and has many natural areas botanic gardens and parks. Within the CBD are the Chinese Garden of Friendship, Hyde Park, The Domain and the Royal Botanic Gardens.
The metropolitan area also contains prominent parks and gardens, such as the Auburn Botanical Gardens,[57] and national parks, including the Royal National Park, the second oldest national park in the world,[58] Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park and several parks in Sydney's far west which are part of the World Heritage listed Greater Blue Mountains Area.
The Domain was established by Governor Arthur Phillip, just six months after the arrival of the first fleet. Originally established as being exclusive to Governors, it was opened to the public in the 1830s. Hyde Park was dedicated on 13 October 1810 by Governor Macquarie for the "recreation and amusement of the inhabitants of the town and a field of exercises for the troops". Hyde Park is named in honour of the original Hyde Park in London, England. Containing over 580 trees, it is located in the eastern section of the inner city district.
To celebrate the first 100 years of European settlement, Centennial Park was dedicated by Sir Henry Parkes in January 1888. It is the largest open space in the city, occupying 220 hectares. Similarly, Bicentennial Park was opened on 1 January 1988 to commemorate 200 years since European settlement.[59] 1988's Bicentennial celebrations also saw the opening of the Chinese Garden of Friendship, designed by the City of Sydney's Chinese sister city Guangzhou.
Sydney has various heritage listed buildings, including Parliament House (1816), Sydney Town Hall (1889), the Queen Victoria Building (1898), and the Australian Museum. There is no particular architecture style that entirely characterises the whole of Sydney. Prominent styles include Gothic Revival, Georgian, Classical, Romanesque, Italianate, Federation, Edwardian, Second Empire, Queen Anne, as well as more contemporary styles. The first substantial buildings designed for Sydney were by transported convict Francis Greenway, who designed such buildings and structures as the Macquarie Lighthouse, Hyde Park Barracks, St James' King Street and Government House.[60]
Other prominent architects were James Barnet, who designed the General Post Office (1891), The Customs House (1845), and various court houses; and Edmund Blacket, who designed the Gothic revival style St. Andrew's Cathedral and St Philip's Church.
More contemporary architecture includes the Sydney Opera House (1973), designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon.[61] Described as an "artistic monument", it is one of the most recognisable landmarks in both Sydney and Australia and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[62] The upcoming One Central Park (2013) urban renewal development will be a prominent example of green design in Australian buildings and will feature vertical gardens.[63]
Residential architectural styles vary, with Victorian terrace houses being most common in the inner city regions, while single detached family homes with mid to large gardens are prevalent in the suburbs. Harry Seidler built modernist homes and skyscrapers in Sydney, and designed prominent buildings such as the MLC Centre, the Capita Centre, and Australia Square. Seidler's designs contrasted with the "Sydney school" of the 1950s and 1960s, who favoured more natural and organic designs, often hidden from view in bushland. This style of architecture often utilised natural local materials as structural elements.[64]
Sydney has the largest skyline in Australia.[65] The very first skyscraper built in the city was Culwulla Chambers, on the corner of King Street and Castlereagh Street to a height of 50 meters. It was designed by Spain, Cosh and Minnett and consisted of 14 floors. This had been preceded by various lower structures in the late 1910s and 1920s, notably the grey sandstone Commercial Travelers Club Building on Martin Place (demolished in the 1970s) and the Commercial Pallazo style Trust Building on Castlereagh Street, both of significant height for their time. Regulations limit future buildings to the height of 235 metres, in part due to the proximity of Sydney Airport. As of 2012, the city has a total of 914 high-rise buildings, with 20 under construction, 105 planned and 36 at proposal stage.[66]
As the financial, manufacturing[67] and economic hub of Australia, Sydney has grown to become a wealthy and prosperous city and its residents enjoy the world's second highest earnings when measured using domestic purchasing power, among world cities. The largest economic sectors in Sydney, as measured by the number of people employed, include property and business services, retail, manufacturing, and health and community services.[68] Since the 1980s, jobs have moved from manufacturing to the services and information sectors. Sydney provides approximately 25 percent of the country's total GDP.[69] The Australian Securities Exchange and the Reserve Bank of Australia are located in Sydney, as are the headquarters of 90 banks and more than half of Australia's top companies, and the regional headquarters for around 500 multinational corporations.[69]
Of the ten largest corporations in Australia by revenue,[70] four have headquarters in Sydney: Caltex Australia, the Commonwealth Bank, Westpac, and Woolworths. Of the 54 authorised deposit-taking banks in Australia, 44 are based in Sydney including nine of the 11 foreign subsidiary banks in Australia and all of the 29 local branches of foreign banks. Major authorised foreign banks in Sydney include Citigroup, UBS Australia, Mizuho Corporate Bank, HSBC Bank Australia and Deutsche Bank. Shopping locations in Sydney include Pitt Street, George Street, King Street, Market Street, and Castlereagh Street, shopping complexes such as the Queen Victoria Building and Westfield Sydney, arcades such as The Strand Arcade and Mid City Centre, and department stores such as Myer and David Jones, all of which are in the shopping district in the city centre, a place to find major international brand name labels. Also in the city centre is Chinatown, which includes Paddys Markets, which is Sydney's city markets, a place for bargain hunting. Newly opened on the Southern edge of the city is Central mall, which is part of the Central Park development in Chippendale.
Outside the city centre there are a number of other shopping destinations of interest. Inner eastern suburbs such as Potts Point, Darlinghurst and Surry Hills provide a diverse range of shops for the culturally creative and alternative lifestyle groups that live there, whilst other inner eastern areas like Paddington and Woollahra are home to boutiques selling more niche products. Inner western suburbs like Newtown and Glebe cater more towards students and alternative lifestyles. Double Bay in Sydney's harbourside eastern suburbs is an upmarket area known for its expensive boutiques. Seaside areas, including Bondi Beach in the eastern beaches area and Manly in the northern beaches area, have a retail scene based upon their beach locations, with many surfing and surfer style clothing shops. Sydney received 7.8 million domestic visitors and 2.5 million international visitors in 2004.[71] In 2007, the (then) Premier of New South Wales, Morris Iemma established Events New South Wales to "market Sydney and NSW as a leading global events destination". Business Events Sydney, formerly known as Sydney Convention and Visitors Bureau, also markets Sydney and New South Wales as a destination for Australian and international business meetings, incentives, conventions and exhibitions. Fox Studios Australia has large film studios in the city.
As of 2013, the unemployment rate in Sydney was 5.6 percent. According to The Economist Intelligence Unit's Worldwide cost of living survey, Sydney is the sixteenth most expensive city in the world, while a UBS survey ranks Sydney as 7th in the world in terms of net earnings.[72] As of December 2011, Sydney has the highest median house price of any Australian capital city at $636,822, and a median unit price of $449,231.[73] Sydney also has the highest median rent prices of any Australian city at $450 a week. The Sydney Region accounts for 12 percent (approximately $1 billion per annum) of the total agricultural production, by value, of NSW.[74] Sydney provides 55% of NSW's flower production and 58% of its turf production, as well as 44% of the state's nurseries.[75] In 1994–1995 Sydney produced 44% of New South Wales' poultry meat and 48% of the state's eggs.[76]
|The ten largest overseas born populations[77]
|Country of Birth
|Population (2006)
|United Kingdom
|New Zealand
|Hong Kong
The 2006 census reported 4,119,190 residents in the Sydney Statistical Division,[78] of which 3,641,422 lived in Sydney's Urban Centre.[79] Inner Sydney was the most densely populated place in Australia with 4,023 inhabitants per square kilometre (10,420 /sq mi).[80] In the 2006 census, the most common self-described ancestries identified for Sydney residents were Australian, English, Irish, Scottish, and Chinese.[77] The Census also recorded that 1.1% of Sydney's population identified as being of indigenous origin, and 39.6% were born overseas.[78]
Asian Australians made up 18.8% of the population in Sydney's Urban Centre and 16.9% of the wider Statistical Division.[81] The three major sources of immigrants are the United Kingdom, China and New Zealand, followed by Vietnam, Lebanon, India, Italy, and the Philippines.[78] The majority of residents are native speakers of English; many residents also speak another language, the most common being Arabic (predominantly Lebanese Arabic), Cantonese, Mandarin, Greek and Vietnamese.[78] Sydney has the seventh-largest percentage of foreign-born individuals in the world.[82]
The median age of Sydney residents is 36; 15.4% of the population is over 65 years old.[83] 16.5% of residents have educational from University or tertiary institutions. In the 2011 census, 60.9% of the residents identified themselves as Christians, 17.6% had no religion, 7.6% did not answer, 4.7% were Muslims, 4.1% were Buddhists, 2.6% were Hindus, 0.9% were Jewish and 1.6% were other religions.[84]
As a dynamic cultural hub, Sydney has many fine and internationally known museums, galleries and art spaces, such as the Art Gallery of New South Wales, the Museum of Contemporary Art, the White Rabbit Gallery, CarriageWorks, Brett Whiteley Studio, Museum of Sydney and the Powerhouse Museum, in addition to a thriving commercial gallery scene of contemporary art, mainly in the inner-city areas of Waterloo, Surry Hills, Darlinghurst, Paddington, Chippendale, Newtown and Woollahra.
Sydney hosts many different festivals and some of Australia's largest social and cultural events. These include the Sydney Festival, Australia's largest arts festival which is a celebration involving both indoor and free outdoor performances throughout January; the Biennale of Sydney dedicated to international and Australian contemporary art; the Big Day Out, a travelling rock-music festival which originated in Sydney; the Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras along Oxford Street; the Sydney Film Festival and many other smaller film festivals such as the short film Tropfest and Flickerfest. Sculpture by the Sea, Australia's largest outdoor sculpture exhibit, began at Bondi Beach in 1996. Vivid Sydney, an annual outdoor festival featuring lit up art installations, light projections, music and ideas began in 2009.
Australia's premier prize for portraiture, the Archibald Prize is organised by the Art Gallery of New South Wales. The Sydney Royal Easter Show is held every year at Sydney Olympic Park. Various final episodes of Australian Idol have taken place at the Opera House.[85] Sydney's New Year's Eve and Australia Day celebrations are the largest in Australia.[86] Sydney also hosts Australian Fashion Week in Autumn.[87] A survey based on tracking the frequency of words and phrases in the media cited Sydney as number 9 on a list of the world's top fashion cities in 2009.[88]
Entertainment and performing arts[edit]
Sydney's cultural institutions include the Sydney's famous Opera House. It has five halls, including a large concert hall and opera and drama theatres; it is the home of Opera Australia—the third-busiest opera company in the world, and the Sydney Symphony under the leadership of Vladimir Ashkenazy.[89] Other venues include the Sydney Town Hall, City Recital Hall, the State Theatre, the Theatre Royal, Sydney, the Sydney Theatre and the Wharf Theatre, the Capitol Theatre and the Lyric and Star Theatres at The Star. The Sydney Conservatorium of Music is located adjacent to the Royal Botanic Gardens and serves the Australian music community through music education and biannual Australian Music Examinations Board exams. The Sydney Dance Company was under the leadership of Graeme Murphy during the late 20th century. The Sydney Theatre Company has a regular roster of local plays, such as noted playwright David Williamson, classics and international playwrights. In 2007, The New Theatre celebrated 75 years of continuous production in Sydney. Other important theatre companies in Sydney include Company B and Griffin Theatre Company. From the 1940s through to the 1970s the Sydney Push, a group of authors and political activists whose members included Germaine Greer, influenced the city's cultural life. The National Institute of Dramatic Art, based in Kensington, boasts internationally famous alumni such as Mel Gibson, Judy Davis, Baz Luhrmann and Cate Blanchett. Sydney's role in the film industry has increased since the opening of Fox Studios Australia in 1998.
There have been many prominent films that have used Sydney as a filming location or setting including The Matrix, Mission Impossible 2, Moulin Rouge!, Australia, Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones, Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith, X-Men Origins: Wolverine and The Great Gatsby, the most recent Hollywood production shot in Sydney.[90][91] Additionally, many Bollywood movies have also been filmed in Sydney including Singh Is Kinng, Bachna Ae Haseeno, Chak De! India, Heyy Babyy. As of 2006, over 229 films have been set in, or featured Sydney.[92] Sydney's most popular nightspots include Kings Cross, Oxford Street, Darling Harbour, Circular Quay and The Rocks, which all contain various bars, nightclubs and restaurants. The Star is Sydney's only casino and is situated around Darling Harbour. There are many traditional pubs, cafes and restaurants in inner-city areas such as Newtown, Balmain, Leichhardt and Surry Hills. Sydney's main live music hubs include areas such as Newtown and Annandale, which nurtured acts such as AC/DC, Bliss n Eso, Sparkadia, Midnight Oil and INXS. Other popular nightspots tend to be spread throughout the city in areas such as Bondi, Manly, Cronulla and Parramatta.
In the year ending 2012, Sydney received a total of 10.5 million international and domestic visitors, which injected $11.7 billion into the state of New South Wales' economy.[94] The most well-known attractions include the Sydney Opera House and the Sydney Harbour Bridge. Other attractions include Royal Botanical Gardens, Luna Park, Darling Harbour, some 40 beaches and Sydney Tower.[95] The New South Wales Government operates two programs relevant to Sydney as part of the NSW Tourism Strategy, they are: Brand Sydney (to revitalise and strengthen the image and appeal of Sydney) and Visit Sydney (to increase promotion of Sydney as a tourist destination through a strengthened dedicated business unit within Destination NSW).
Sydney also has several popular museums, such as the Australian Museum (natural history and anthropology), the Powerhouse Museum (science, technology and design), the Art Gallery of New South Wales, the Museum of Contemporary Art and the Australian National Maritime Museum.[96]
Sport and outdoor activities[edit]
Sport is an important part of Sydney's culture. Prominent sporting venues in Sydney include the Sydney Cricket Ground or SCG, Stadium Australia, the Sydney Football Stadium, Sydney Motorsport Park, Royal Randwick and Rosehill Gardens Racecourse. Large sporting events such as the NRL Grand Final and Bledisloe Cup games are regularly held at the Stadium Australia, the main stadium for the 2000 Summer Olympics.
Rugby League began in Sydney in the 1908 season.[97] The city is home to nine of the sixteen teams in the National Rugby League competition: the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs, Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, Manly Sea Eagles, Penrith Panthers, Parramatta Eels, South Sydney Rabbitohs, St George Illawarra Dragons, Sydney Roosters and Wests Tigers. The New South Wales rugby league team contests the annual State of Origin series against the Queensland Maroons, with at least one game each series played in Sydney. Rugby Union is represented by the NSW Waratahs in the elite Southern Hemisphere Super Rugby competition. The Suburban rugby competition is the Shute Shield which provides many Super 15 players. High profile Wallabies games are held in Sydney such as the Bledisloe Cup, Tri Nations matches, British and Irish Lions games, and most notably the final of the 2003 Rugby World Cup against England.
Cricket is the most popular summer sport in the city. The Ashes Series between Australia and England is widely popular among the people. As the state capital, Sydney is also the home of the NSW Blues cricket team in the Sheffield Shield cricket competition, as well as the Sydney Sixers and Sydney Thunder in the Big Bash Twenty20 competition. Sydney Cricket Ground and Stadium Australia, popularly known as the ANZ Stadium, host both domestic and international cricket matches. The city has also hosted games in the 1992 Cricket World Cup and will also host games in the 2015 Cricket World Cup. Soccer is represented by Sydney FC and Western Sydney Wanderers of the A-League. The second tier competitions NSWPL and NSW Super League provide many players to the A-League. Sydney also hosts major soccer events of the national team, the Socceroos, most notably the World Cup Qualifier against Uruguay in 2005.
Sydney has two teams in the Australian rules football competition, the Australian Football League, the Sydney Swans and the Greater Western Sydney Giants. The city is represented in National Basketball League by the Sydney Kings. A women's team, the Sydney Uni Flames, compete in the Women's National Basketball League. Sydney also has a women's netball team (Swifts), a ABL baseball team (Sydney Blue Sox), a field hockey team (Waratahs), two ice hockey teams (Penrith Bears and Sydney Ice Dogs) The city also plays host to the Australian Drag Racing Nationals each year at Sydney Dragway.[98] Other events in Sydney include the start of the Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, the Golden Slipper horse race, and the City2Surf race.
Sydney has two main daily newspapers. The Sydney Morning Herald is the oldest newspaper in Australia, having been published regularly since 1831. The Herald's competitor, The Daily Telegraph, is a News Corporation-owned tabloid. Both papers have tabloid counterparts published on Sunday, The Sun-Herald and the Sunday Telegraph, respectively.
The three commercial television networks (Seven, Nine, Ten), as well as the government national broadcast services (ABC and SBS) are headquartered in Sydney. Also a community television station, TVS, broadcasts in the Sydney area. Historically, the networks have been based in the northern suburbs, but the last decade has seen several move to the inner city. Nine has kept its headquarters north of the harbour, in Willoughby. Ten has its studios in a redeveloped section of the inner-city suburb of Pyrmont, and Seven also has headquarters in Pyrmont, production studios at Epping as well as a purpose-built news studio in Martin Place in the CBD.
The ABC has a large headquarters and production facility in the inner-city suburb of Ultimo and SBS has its studios at Artarmon. Foxtel and Optus both supply pay-TV over their cable services to most parts of the urban area, and both have their national headquarters in the Northern suburb of North Ryde.[99][100]
The five free-to-air networks have provided digital television transmissions in Sydney since January 2000. There are also nine additional Freeview Digital Services. These include ABC2, ABC3, ABC News 24, SBS Two, 7Two, 7mate, GO!, GEM HD, ONE HD, Eleven and TVS.
Many AM and FM government, commercial and community radio services broadcast in the Sydney area. The local ABC radio station is 702 ABC Sydney (formerly 2BL).[101] The talkback radio genre is dominated by the perennial rivals 2GB and 2UE. Popular Music radio stations include Triple M, 2Day FM and Nova 96.9, which generally target people under 40. In the older end of the music radio market, Mix 106.5 target the 25–54 age group, Smooth 95.3 targets the 35–54 age group and WS-FM targets the 40–54 age group with their Classic Hits format mostly focusing on the 70s and 80s. Triple J (ABC), 2SER and FBi Radio provide a more independent, local and alternative sound. There are also a number of community stations broadcasting to a particular language group or local area.[102]
On 1 July 2009, DAB+ Digital Radio officially started. ABC and commercial radios provide full programming.[103]
Apart from the limited role of the Cumberland County Council from 1945–1964, there has never been an overall governing body for the Sydney metropolitan area; instead, the metropolitan area is divided into local government areas (LGAs, commonly: 'councils' and 'shires') which are comparable to boroughs in cities such as London. These areas have elected councils which are responsible for functions delegated to them by the New South Wales State Government, such as planning and garbage collection.
The City of Sydney includes the central business area and some adjoining inner suburbs, and has in recent years been expanded through amalgamation with adjoining local government areas, such as South Sydney. It is led by the elected Lord Mayor of Sydney and a council. The Lord Mayor, however, is sometimes treated as a representative of the whole city, for example during the Olympics.[104]
Most citywide government activities are controlled by the state government. These include public transport, main roads, traffic control, policing, education above preschool level, and planning of major infrastructure projects.[105] Because a large proportion of the New South Wales population lives in Sydney, state governments have traditionally been reluctant to allow the development of citywide governmental bodies, which would tend to rival the state government. For this reason, Sydney has always been a focus for the politics of both state and federal parliaments. For example, the boundaries of the City of Sydney LGA have been significantly altered by state governments on at least four occasions since 1945, with expected advantageous effect to the governing party in the New South Wales Parliament at the time.[106]
According to the New South Wales Division of Local Government, the 38 LGAs making up Sydney are:[107][108]
The classification of which councils make up Sydney varies. The Local Government Association of New South Wales considers all LGAs lying entirely in Cumberland County as part of its 'Metro' group, which excludes Camden (classed in its 'Country' group).[109] The Australian Bureau of Statistics defines a Sydney Statistical Division (the population figures of which are used in this article) that includes all of the above councils as well as Wollondilly, the Blue Mountains, Hawkesbury, Gosford and Wyong.[110]
Australia's oldest university, University of Sydney was established in 1850 and is the largest and highest ranked university in Sydney and New South Wales.[111][112] Other public universities located in Sydney include the University of Technology, Sydney, the University of New South Wales, Macquarie University, the University of Western Sydney and the Australian Catholic University (two out of six campuses). Other universities which operate secondary campuses in Sydney include the University of Notre Dame Australia, the University of Wollongong and Curtin University of Technology.
There are four multi-campus government-funded Technical and Further Education (TAFE) institutes in Sydney, which provide vocational training at a tertiary level: the Sydney Institute of Technology, Northern Sydney Institute of TAFE, Western Sydney Institute of TAFE and South Western Sydney Institute of TAFE. Sydney has public, denominational and independent schools. Public schools, including pre-schools, primary and secondary schools, and special schools are administered by the New South Wales Department of Education and Training. There are four state-administered education areas in Sydney, that together co-ordinate 932 public schools.[113] Of the 30 selective high schools in the state, 25 are in Sydney.[114]
Health systems[edit]
Health services in Sydney are delivered through a mix of public and private systems, funded by government (from tax revenue) and private health insurance. The government of New South Wales, in particular the Ministry of Health, operates several large public hospitals in the Sydney metropolitan region. Management of these hospitals and other specialist health facilities is coordinated by the eight metropolitan Local Health Districts[115] (LHDs). These eight LHDs cover the Sydney metropolitan region, and seven more cover rural and regional NSW. In addition, two specialist networks focus on Children's and Paediatric Services, and Forensic Mental Health. A third network operates across the public health services provided in three Sydney facilities operated by St Vincent's Health: these include St Vincent's Hospital and the Sacred Heart Hospice at Darlinghurst and St Joseph's at Auburn.
The largest teaching hospitals are: the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, The Prince of Wales Hospital and the Royal North Shore Hospital, Westmead Hospital, and Liverpool Hospital.
Road transport and the motor vehicle are the main form of transports. The road system consists of an extensive network of freeways and toll roads (known as motorways). The most important trunk roads in the metropolitan area are the nine Metroads, which include the 110 km (68 mi) Sydney Orbital Network. According to the 2006 Census, 85% of households own at least one automobile at an average of 1.5 per household and there are a total of over 2.1 million cars in the metropolitan area. 61.8% of all Sydneysiders travel to work as either driver or passenger with a total of over 350,000 cars using the road infrastructure simultaneously during rush hour, causing significant traffic congestion.[116]
Public transport in Sydney consists of an extensive network of road transport as well as rail transport and water transport modes. According to the 2006 Census, in terms of travel to work or study Sydney has the highest rate of public transport usage among the Australian capital cities of 26.3%.[117] According to the New South Wales State Plan, the state has Australia's largest public transport system.
Trains in Sydney are run by Transport for NSW, a statutory authority of the State of New South Wales. Trains run as suburban commuter rail services in the outer suburbs, then converge in an underground city loop service in the central business district. In the years following the 2000 Olympics, CityRail's performance declined significantly.[118] In 2005, CityRail introduced a revised timetable and employed more drivers.[119] A large infrastructure project, the Clearways project, is scheduled to be completed by 2010.[120][121][122] In 2007 a report found Cityrail performed poorly compared to many metro services from other world cities.[123] Figures released by RailCorp show that during the period of 2011/2012, 95.4% of trains arrived on time[124] and 99.6% of services ran as scheduled.[125] However, a survey conducted in September 2011 revealed that 6 of the 13 lines had a maximum load that exceeded 135% (of the seated capacity) during the peak morning commute.[126]
Sydney was once served by one of the largest tram networks in the world, with routes covering 181 mi (291 km), but this was closed in February 1961.[127] Sydney has one modern light rail line, the Inner West line, running from Central Railway Station to inner western suburb of Lilyfield, mostly along the route of a former goods train line. The operation of the Sydney Monorail, which ran in a loop around the main shopping district and Darling Harbour ceased operations in June 2013 and is in currently undergoing dismantlement. Most parts of the metropolitan area are served by buses. In the city and inner suburbs the state-owned Sydney Buses has a monopoly. Many of Sydney Buses routes follow the pre-1961 tram routes. In the outer suburbs, service is contracted to many private bus companies. Sydney has two rapid bus transitways called T-ways, built in areas of the western suburbs not previously well served by public transport. State government-owned Sydney Ferries runs numerous commuter and tourist ferry services on Sydney Harbour and the Parramatta River.[128]
Sydney Airport, in the suburb of Mascot, is Sydney's main airport, and is one of the oldest continually operated airports in the world.[129] The smaller Bankstown Airport mainly serves private and general aviation. There is a light aviation airfield at Camden. RAAF Base Richmond lies to the north-west of the city. The question of the need for a Second Sydney Airport has raised much controversy. A 2003 study found that Sydney Airport can manage as Sydney's sole international airport for 20 years, with a significant increase in airport traffic predicted.[130] Land has been acquired at Badgerys Creek for a second airport, the site acting as a focal point of political argument.[131]
Water storage for Sydney is managed by the Sydney Catchment Authority, water supply is managed by Sydney Water. Water in the Sydney catchment is chiefly stored in dams in the Upper Nepean Scheme, the Blue Mountains, Woronora Dam, Warragamba Dam and the Shoalhaven Scheme.[132] Historically low water levels in the catchment have led to water use restrictions. The Kurnell Desalination Plant was completed and operational in late 2009 supplying Sydney with 250ML per day of potable water during times of drought. Sydney Water also manages the city's sewage scheme.
Two distributors supply electricity to Sydney: Ausgrid (previously Energy Australia), and Endeavour Energy (previously Integral Energy). There are several retailers including TRUenergy, Origin Energy, AGL Energy, Lumo Energy and others. Several companies supply natural gas to Sydney through retailers: AGL, TRUenergy, Origin Energy and others. The natural gas supply for the city is sourced from the Cooper Basin in South Australia. Numerous telecommunications companies operate in Sydney providing terrestrial and mobile telecommunications services.
See also[edit]
- ^ a b "3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2010–11". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 30 March 2012. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
- ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (29 April 2013). "ExPopulation Density". Retrieved 22 August 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Climate statistics for Australian locations". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
- ^ Macquarie ABC Dictionary. The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd. 2003. p. 1000. ISBN 1-876429-37-2.
- ^ "Designing for Diversity: the Multicultural City". 1995 Global Cultural Diversity Conference Proceedings, Sydney. Australian Government Department of Immigration and Citizenship.
- ^ "The First Fleet". In May 1787 the First Fleet, commanded by Captain Arthur Phillip (1738–1814), left Portsmouth in England. Australian Children's Television Foundation and Education Services Australia Ltd 2011. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
- ^ >Arthur Phillip. "The Voyage of Governor Phillip to Botany Bay".
- ^ B. Mason, Herbet (2012). Encyclopaedia of Ships and Shipping. Books on Demand. p. 266. ISBN 9783864443992.
- ^ George Arnett; Chris Michael (14 February 2014). "The world's most expensive cities". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
- ^ "Sydney (Kingsford Smith) Airport". Geographical Names Register (GNR) of NSW. Geographical Names Board of New South Wales. Retrieved 28 September 2010.
- ^ Macey, Richard (15 September 2007). "Settlers' history rewritten: go back 30,000 years". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 15 September 2007.
- ^ a b "Sydney Barani". The City acknowledges the Gadigal of the Eora Nation as the traditional custodians of this place we now call Sydney. City of Sydney. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
- ^ a b c Kohen, J. L. 2000. "First and Last Peoples: Aboriginal Sydney", In J. Connell (Ed.). Sydney: The Emergence of a Global City. Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-550748-7, pp 76–78, 81–82, 83
- ^ Elder, Bruce (7 September 2007). "History set in stone". The Age (Melbourne). Retrieved 18 October 2007.
- ^ "National Heritage Places – Cook's Landing Site – Kurnell Peninsula New South Wales". When Lieutenant (later Captain) James Cook first set foot on Australian soil at Kurnell Peninsula Headland in Botany Bay, he made history. Australian Government. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
- ^ "Once were warriors". Sydney Morning Herald. 11 November 2002. Retrieved 21 December 2008.
- ^ "The 10 people Who Shaped Sydney". Sydney Morning Herald. 27 November 2008. Retrieved 21 December 2008.
- ^ By Milo, Moryt; 700+ words. ""The origin of the smallpox outbreak in Sydney in 1789"". Highbeam.com. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
- ^ Australian Encyclopaedia, Volume 2, p 524, Angus and Robertson Limited, 1926
- ^ Adams, H. Arthur A Man's Life, University of Sydney Library, 1929, reprint 2003, p. 62.
- ^ "The Great Depression". Australian Government. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
- ^ "Surviving the Great Depression". ABC Online. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
- ^ Harbour Bridge Views (2007). "Brief History of the Sydney Harbour Bridge". Retrieved 8 October 2006.
- ^ Farrelly, Elizabeth "How could Sydney get it so wrong?", Sydney Morning Herald, 4 November 2006
- ^ Lee, Robert (2003). "Linking a Nation: Australia's Transport and Communications 1788–1970". Australian Government. Australian Heritage Council. Retrieved 21 December 2008.
- ^ Elias, David Tell Melbourne it's over, we won. Sydney Morning Herald, 31 December 2003
- ^ Latta, David (January 2006). "Showcase Destinations Sydney, Australia: The Harbour City". Meeting Professionals International. The Meeting Professional. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
- ^ "2016.0 Census of Population and Housing: Selected Characteristics for Urban Centres, Australia". Government of Australia. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 26 March 2003. Retrieved 21 December 2008.
- ^ "1217.0.55.001 – Glossary of Statistical Geography Terminology, 2003". Government of Australia. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 December 2008.
- ^ "2032.0 – Census of Population and Housing: Australia in Profile – A Regional Analysis, 2001". Government of Australia. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 16 January 2004. Retrieved 21 December 2008.
- ^ "Bridge History". Known to the locals as 'the coathanger'. BridgeClimb Sydney. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
- ^ "Environment & Heritage | Sydney Basin – landform". Environment.nsw.gov.au. 27 February 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
- ^ "Climate and the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games". Australian Government. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 24 September 2007. Retrieved 21 December 2008.; "Sydney Basin – climate". New South Wales Government. Department of Environment and Climate Change. Retrieved 21 December 2008.; "Australian climatic zones". Australian Government. Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 21 December 2008.; "Living in Sydney". Sydney Institute of Business & Technology. Retrieved 21 December 2008.[dead link]
- ^ Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 2005. Ellyard, D. 1994. Droughts and Flooding Rains. Angus & Robertson ISBN 0-207-18557-3
- ^ "Sydney winter not snow, just hail". Mr Zmijewski doubted the 1836 snow report, saying weather observers of the era lacked the expertise of today. "We are almost in the sub-tropics in Sydney," he said. Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
- ^ MacDonnell, Freda. Thomas Nelson (Australia) Limited, 1967. Before King's Cross
- ^ "Sydney (Observatory Hill)". Climate statistics for Australian locations. Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
- ^ Bureau of Meteorology. 2006. Climate summary for Sydney, January 2006
- ^ "Sydney Airport AMO". Climate statistics for Australian locations. Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
- ^ "The Sydney Hailstorm – 14 April 1999". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 5 October 2006.
- ^ Sydney has coldest June in 24 years in Sydney Monthly Climate Summary — NSW Regional Office, Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 21 October 2007.
- ^ "Sydney – Greater Sydney in 2008". Bom.gov.au. 5 January 2009. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
- ^ "Sydney in 2009". Bom.gov.au. 4 January 2010. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
- ^ "Sydney in 2010". Bom.gov.au. 4 January 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
- ^ "Sydney in 2011". Bom.gov.au. 3 January 2012. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
- ^ Creagh, Sunanda. "Sydney smashes temperature records but heatwave nearly over". The Conversation (The Conversation Media Group). Retrieved 21 January 2013.
- ^ "Sydney Climate Guide". Retrieved February 2013.
- ^ "Bondi Beach Water Temperature and Wetsuit Guide". This has been derived from analysis of two decades of oceanographic satellite measurements of nearby open water. Surf-Forecast.com. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
- ^ "Sydney (Observatory Hill)". Climate statistics for Australian locations. Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
- ^ "Sydney in January 2013: An extreme month for Sydney". NSW Climate Services Centre. Bureau of Meteorology. 1 February 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
- ^ "Draft Metropolitan Strategy for Sydney". Parramatta is Sydney's second CBD and the premier regional city serving Western Sydney. NSW Planning. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
- ^ "Penrith City Centre". Department of Planning. Retrieved 29 October 2007.[dead link]
- ^ "Liverpool City Centre". Department of Planning.
- ^ "List of Official Sydney Suburbs". 31 May 2010. Retrieved 27 July 2010.
- ^ "List of Official Sydney Local Government Areas". 2 August 2008. Retrieved 2 August 2008.
- ^ Department of Local Government. Local Council Boundaries Sydney Outer (SO)
- ^ "Plan of Management for Auburn Botanic Gardens Precinct". Retrieved 12 December 2012.
- ^ "Royal National Park". Sydney's heritage-listed Royal National Park is affectionately known to locals as the 'Nasho' or just 'the Royal'. Established in 1879, it's the world's second-oldest national park. NSW Office of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 8 November 2013.
- ^ "Bicentennial Park turns 25". When opened on 1 January 1988 as the largest Bicentennial Year project, the intention was to present a park for future generations. Sydney Olympic Park Authority. Retrieved 8 November 2013.
- ^ The Heritage of Australia, Macmillan Company, 1981
- ^ "Sydney Opera House History". Sydney Opera House. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
- ^ "Sydney Opera House". UNESCO. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
- ^ "Central Park project shows sustainable living". Australian Financial Review. 28 November 2013. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
- ^ "So last century". Sydney Morning Herald. 13 April 2006.
- ^ "The World's Best Skylines". Homepages.ipact.nl. Retrieved 22 December 2010.
- ^ "Emporis Skyline Ranking". © 2000–2012 Emporis Corporation. All rights reserved. Retrieved 2 December 2012.
- ^ http://www.australianmanufacturing.com.au/13580/sydney-overtakes-melbourne-as-australias-biggest-manufacturing-centre
- ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2002. Sydney – Basic Community Profile and Snapshot – 2001 Census[dead link]
- ^ a b City Commerce[dead link] – City of Sydney Media Centre. Retrieved 21 July 2006.
- ^ Australia's Top 10 Largest Companies 2007/08/
- ^ Tourism NSW. 2004 Tourism Data Card – Forecasts, Economic Impacts and selected Regional Data – 2004[dead link]
- ^ "Latest media releases | UBS Global home". Ubs.com. 14 September 2012. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
- ^ "Australian Property Monitor". Sydney's median house price is now $636,822 and the median unit price is $449,231. domain.com.au. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
- ^ Gillespie, P; Mason, D (2003). NSW Agriculture Environmental Planning and Management Sub-program: The Value of Agriculture in the Sydney Region. Sydney: NSW Agriculture.
- ^ Sinclair, I (1996). "A view from the edge: issues in rural and metropolitan fringe planning – Sydney's Agricultural land". New Planner (27): 24–25.
- ^ McManus, Phil (2005). Vortex Cities to Sustainable Cities: Australia's Urban Challenge. Sydney: UNSW Press. p. 231. ISBN 978-0-86840-701-2.
- ^ a b Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 October 2007). "Community Profile Series : Sydney (Statistical Division)". 2006 Census of Population and Housing. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
- ^ a b c d Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 October 2007). "Sydney (Statistical Division)". 2006 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 31 October 2007.
- ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 October 2007). "Sydney (Urban Centre/Locality)". 2006 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 2 November 2007.
- ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2005. ---- AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/105052003?OpenDocument&tabname=Details&prodno=10505&issue=2003&num=&view=& National Regional Profile: Inner Sydney[dead link]
- ^ "Australian Census 2006, Ancestry by Region". Censusdata.abs.gov.au. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
- ^ "When diversity means cultural richness". Webdiary. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
- ^ "2011 Census Data – Greater Sydney". Censusdata.abs.gov.au. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
- ^ "2011 Census Data – Greater Sydney Community Profile". Censusdata.abs.gov.au. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
- ^ "Wes Carr wins Australian Idol". ABC News. 24 November 2008. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
- ^ Kaur, Jaskiran (27 December 2013). "Where to Party in Australia on New Year's Eve: 5 Places to Be in Sydney on Last Night Of 2013". Retrieved 11 January 2014.
- ^ "Fashion Week Has A New Home for 2013: Carriageworks, Sydney". Sydney's Carriageworks in Redfern. Popsugar. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ^ Goldsmith, Belinda (20 July 2009). "Milan strides past New York as world's fashion capital: poll". Reuters. Retrieved 15 September 2009.
- ^ "Autumn Opera Season". Tourism Victoria. Retrieved 15 October 2007.[dead link]
- ^ Bulbeck, Pip (6 September 2011). "Baz Luhrmann's $125 Million 'The Great Gatsby' Begins Production in Sydney". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 6 September 2011.
- ^ Bulleck, Pip (19 February 2011). "Baz Luhrmann to Shoot 'Great Gatsby' in Sydney". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved 20 February 2011.
- ^ Based on IMDb search
- ^ "Most Famous Landmarks and Cultural Monuments in the World". Nations Online. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
- ^ "Travel to Sydney". Tourism NSW. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
- ^ "Showcase Destinations Sydney;Australia: The Harbour City". Mpiweb.org. Retrieved 1 June 2010.[dead link]
- ^ "Museum's & Art Galleries in Sydney Australia". Sydney. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
- ^ "Rugby League Betting – NRL, Super League, State of Origin". Canbet.com. 5 February 2010. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
- ^ "2012 Australian Nationals at Sydney Dragway". Andra.com.au. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
- ^ "Foxtel Official Website". Foxtel.com.au. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
- ^ Austar It-Sysdev. "Austar Official Website". Austar.com.au. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
- ^ "702 ABC Sydney website". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 16 April 2010. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
- ^ "Radio Stations Sydney NSW". Sydneymusicweb.com. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
- ^ "Digital Radio Plus Official Site". Digitalradioplus.com.au. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
- ^ "Organisation Detail". State Records Archives Investigator. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
- ^ "Three levels of government". Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
- ^ Golder, Hilary, Sacked: Removing and Remaking the Sydney City Council, Sydney, 2004.
- ^ "Suburb Search — Local Council Boundaries — Sydney Inner (SI)". New South Wales Division of Local Government. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
- ^ "Suburb Search — Local Council Boundaries — Sydney Outer (SO)". New South Wales Division of Local Government. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
- ^ "About the Local Government Association of NSW". "Local Government and Shires Associations of New South Wales". 17 January 2011. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011.
- ^ "1216.0 – Australian Standard Geographical Classification (ASGC), July 2007". Australian Bureau of Statistics.
- ^ Sydney. Top Universities (14 February 2012). Retrieved on 16 July 2013.
- ^ The University of Sydney. Top Universities (13 December 2012). Retrieved on 16 July 2013.
- ^ "NSW Public Schools". NSW Department of Education and Communities. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
- ^ New South Wales Department of Education and Training (2005). "List of selective and agricultural high schools". Retrieved 8 August 2007.
- ^ http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/services/index.asp
- ^ "Transport". Dictionaryofsydney.org. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
- ^ "4102.0 – Australian Social Trends, 2008". Abs.gov.au. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
- ^ "Yearly On-Time Running". CityRail. 2006. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 28 October 2007.
- ^ CityRail (2005). Times are changing at CityRail[dead link]
- ^ CityRail (2002). Rail Clearways Plan[dead link]
- ^ Kerr, J.; A. Smith. (22 July 2004). "Panic stations over CityRail driver exodus". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 28 October 2007.
- ^ Kerr, J. (4 December 2004). "Terminal dilemma". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 28 October 2007.
- ^ "Aussie train services 'among world's worst'". News.com.au. 21 March 2007. Retrieved 11 January 2008.
- ^ "CityRail – Our Performance". Cityrail.info. 1 July 2005. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ "CityRail – Our Performance". Cityrail.info. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
- ^ Improve Sydney Public Transport. http://isput.com.au/media/File/tramstats.pdf
- ^ "Official Sydney Ferries Website". Sydneyferries.info. 6 May 2010. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
- ^ "Fact Sheet – Airport History". Sydney Airport. Retrieved 18 November 2008.[dead link]
- ^ Finding of "The Sydney Airport Master Plan (2003)" referred to in: "Sydney (Kingsford Smith) Airport (Question No. 421)". Hansard. Parliament of Australia. 10 May 2005. Retrieved 28 October 2007.
- ^ Dickens, Jim (19 August 2007). "Airport row to lift off again". The Sunday Telegraph.
- ^ Sydney Catchment Authority. History of Sydney's Water Supply System
External links[edit]
|Find more about Sydney at Wikipedia's sister projects
|Definitions and translations from Wiktionary
|Media from Commons
|Quotations from Wikiquote
|Source texts from Wikisource
|Textbooks from Wikibooks
|Travel guide from Wikivoyage
|Learning resources from Wikiversity
- Media related to Sydney Architecture at Wikimedia Commons
- Official Sydney, NSW government site
- Official Sydney tourism site
- Historical film clips of Sydney on the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia's australianscreen online


text:
While we are closed due to the Coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic, you can still get a library E-Card to access all of our online resources, including ebooks, downloadable music, movies and more!
Simply send an email to email@example.com
Provide the following information:
We will do our best to respond within 24 hours with your new library card credentials, followed a few days later by your actual card in the mail.
Applications for a new library card must be made in person during the library's hours of operation. Patrons who live in Pulaski County will receive their cards upon application.
The two preferred forms of identification:
If you are not listed in the telephone directory, one of the following may be substituted:
If the address on your drivers license does not match the address in either the telephone book or the other forms of ID listed above, a postcard will be mailed to the listed address. When you receive the postcard, return it to the library and you will receive a library card.
If you live in Arkansas, but not in Pulaski County, see if you qualify for a Gateway Card.
Patrons over the age of 18 may apply for a library card following the above procedure.
High School students residing in North Little Rock who have not yet reached the age of 18 may register as a patron without the signature of a parent or guardian. The applicant must present a picture identification, such as an Arkansas drivers license or Arkansas State Identification Card. If the picture identification does not carry an address, some form of proof of residency must be presented (see above).
Children below the age of 18 who do not have an Arkansas Drivers license or Photo ID must be accompanied by a parent or guardian when applying for a library card. The parent or guardian must show identification as noted above.
Expired library cards are processed immediately with proper identification and provided no change in address is necessary.
Applications with false information will be invalidated and may be turned over to the City Attorney for prosecution.
Lost library cards may be subject to a five dollar replacement fee.
If you do not live in Pulaski County and do not live in one of the counties covered in the Gateway Card agreement, you may purchase an "Out-of-Area Card" for $50 per year. To get one of these cards, you must apply in person at Laman Library's main branch and provide a photo ID with your current address. Annual renewal of these Out-of-Area Cards must also be done in person.
Although we have nearly 200,000 books, audiobooks, CDs and DVDs, they often do fly off the shelves.
If the item is currently checked out, you can place a hold on it. When it comes in, we'll personally give you a call to let you know it's ready for pick-up. But don't wait too long because we can only hold it for three days!
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To place a hold, first search for the item you'd like to check out in our catalog.
The highlighted portion below shows the "system availability." If the book is in, drop everything and come pick up the book because you can't place a hold on an item that's in.
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You'll be prompted to log in. After entering your library barcode that's on the back of your library card and your password that you set up when you received your card, click "Submit Request." When the item is available, we'll call you to let you know it's ready to be picked up.
Click "My Account," located just above the search box.
Type your library card number and pin/password to log in to your library account.
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One of the many amazing services you'll find at Laman Library is free wireless internet access, or WiFi for short.
Unlike some WiFi hot spots, Laman Library doesn't require you to input any information to log on to our network, making your wireless experience as easy as possible.
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For instructions on how to connect to a wireless network in Windows 7, click here.
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For instructions on how to connect to a wireless network in Windows XP, click here.
Click "My Account" at the top of the home page.
At the next page you'll be prompted for your barcode and password. The barcode is the 14 digit number on the back of your library card. Your password was set up when you obtained your library card.
After typing both items in, hit enter or click the Log In button.
Log in to your account by entering 14 digit barcode on the back of your card and your password into the log-in fields.
Once you're logged in, you'll see a task bar across the top of your account screen that shows:
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to choose service
Need Help? Browse all our answers to your questions.
The Laman Library System:
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
IM-2 Batch Treatment System Planning, Operations, and Monitoring
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If you have a disability and have difficulty accessing material on this site please contact us in writing, via email or via telephone and we will work with you to make the information available. Please indicate the nature of the accessibility need, your preferred format (Braille, large print, etc.), what material you are trying to access including where it's located on this site, and how to reach you if questions arise while fulfilling your request. You can direct your requests to:
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text:
Pinch-hitting for Steve Corkran today . . .
Dick Vitale said on his Twitter account the Raiders are hoping quarterback Terrelle Pryor isn't another JaMarcus Russell.
He's not the only one. I've heard it dozens of times since I wrote two months ago the Raiders should consider Pryor, an idea that became a reality Monday when Oakland forfeited its third-round pick in the 2012 draft to take the Ohio State quarterback.
Well, they're both pretty big for quarterbacks and they do have the same skin color.
The comparisons end there.
Russell was cut after making $39 million, making it a disaster when he became a washout. Pryor, according to John Clayton's calculations, will get around $591,000 guaranteed as the No. 18 pick in the third round, the way contracts are slotted.
Russell played 25 games as a college quarterback, going 21-4 an builidng his reputation with a Sugar Bowl MVP performance against an overmatched Notre Dame team. Pryor was 31-4, winning both the Rose Bowl and Sugar Bowl MVPs against more competitive opponents in Oregon and Arkansas.
Russell came in as a fabulous arm attached to a soft body and a questionable work ethic. Pryor's passing game is said to be in need of work, but he's a fabulous physical specimen whose propnensity for work has not been questioned.
Russell could play no other position but quarterback, unless the Raiders secretly toyed with the idea of lining him up inside with Tommy Kelly once his weight approached 300 pounds. Pryor could be either a wide receiver or a pass receiving tight end if it doesn't work out at quarterback.
Is it possible Pryor doesn't have what it takes to be an NFL quarterback? Absolutely, that's the nature of the position. Happens all the time. But there are fallback options if it doesn't as a playmaking receiver and the economic reality is his contract won't be the elephant in the room as it was with Russell.


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Mute testimony: The missing killer?
On night of murder of Mrs. Fannie McCue of Sept. 4th, 1904, I saw Dr. McCue go in Sam's house, and five or ten minutes later, I saw a boy or lad run fast out of the house down south Park Street to the city, I thought like Wm. McCue (white hat & dark clothes). I also saw same time four boys at the mailbox talking & smoking. I don't know the names of the young boys. –Neighbor Frank Massie's intriguing note, which was entered into the court record but unheralded in trial testimony


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AV Home Theater >
Audio Products > Channel Vision WA-321 - Wireless Audio Transmitter 1 Source - Unlimited Destinations
Channel Vision's Wireless Audio Transmitter 1 - Unlimited Destinations transmits crystal-clear music up to 300 feet away, even through walls and floors. Works with the Wireless Audio Receiver 1 - Unlimited Destinations WA-361. Enjoy the freedom associated with Wireless audio systems as they are ideal for retrofit and rental applications and are more flexible and affordable than traditional whole-house audio systems.
Connect and wirelessly transmit digital audio from virtually any source. Stream audio from a PC, listen to your tunes from an iPod® or MP3 digital music player, or enhance listening experiences with gaming consoles and TVs. Music can be received by powered speakers, subwoofers, home theater surround sound speakers, a multi-room audio system, speaker bar, wireless headphones or other audio output device.
WA-321 Instruction Manual
WA-321 Spec Sheet
Founded in 1993 and ranked among the top companies in the custom electronics industry, Channel Vision Technology is a leading manufacturer of innovative technology products in Home Automation, Structured Wiring Systems, Wireless Audio, Whole House Intercom Systems, Security Cameras and DVR's in both residential and commercial applications.
Its broad-range of electronic solutions are designed to provide lifestyle enhancements for residents, while equipping homes and business for greater safety, convenience and entertainment.
Bulk CCTV Store
41W195 Railroad Street, Unit A
Pingree Grove, IL 60140


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Item No.: 7141 UPC: 3595200551041
|Item No.: 7141
Low Stock availableL De Lolita Lempicka 1 oz / 30 ml Eau De Parfum spray for women. L de Lolita Lempicka, a wild and precious fragrance. Nine years after the fairy tale for women, Lolita Lempicka fashions a new ode to femininity. A fragrance exuding the beauty of the ocean coupled with the myth of the mermaid. A fresh oriental elixir, overwhelming the senses and embracing the skin with the salty kiss of the Everlasting Flower. Top notes: Bitter Orange & Cinnamon. Heart notes: Immortal & Vanilla. Base notes: Precious Woods, Solar Notes & Musks.
Customers who bought this product also purchased
Si Lolita by Lolita Lempicka 2.7 oz EDP for Women


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↓ in alphabetical order
RIVA Industria Mobili SPA
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22063 Cantù (CO) Italy
Tel. +39-031 733094
Fax +39-031 733413
Take a picture and post your photo on Instagram or Twitter with hashtag #Riva1920, it will be visualized on our website live!
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|Photo: Paul Vincent
|Photo: Creative Boom
But, quite frankly, you're still halfway through a broadband contract you can't cancel, and you promised Jim you'd be at his wedding in April. So how do you go about doing it without the dramatic gestures?...
2. Do a course
University might seem like a pretty large commitment for many, but there are several distance learning courses that allow students to get feedback, interact with fellow learners, and push themselves without giving up their jobs.
A distance learning course can be much more affordable than full-time study. Many offer the opportunity to work in your own time, but still ask you to take the course seriously – which means you've got to make time to study and practice. If you're the sort of person that finds themselves pushing their creative ambitions further and further down their to-do list, this could give you the extra push to get going. It's also a great opportunity to get one-to-one time with expert tutors, and meet people with similar interests.
The Open College of the Arts, for example, offers a range of creative courses in subjects such as creative writing, drawing, graphic design, photography, music, painting and sculpture.
The Open College of the Arts offers distance-learning courses in subjects such as fine art, photography, music, graphic design, creative writing, sculpture and film. It is part of the University for the Creative Arts.
To find out more, go to www.oca.ac.uk.
Read more...
Source: Creative Boom (blog)


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Thursday, June 6, 2013
More photos of the lugged frame in process
Posted by swiggco world at 8:37 PM
3 comments:
- harmless neighborhood eccentric said...
super nice! and about my size....
- June 7, 2013 at 7:35 AM
- Nick said...
Really enjoying watching the progress on this one Paul! It's coming together well.
- June 9, 2013 at 10:08 AM
- jch said...
sorry harmless, this ones taken. i've been waiting a while for this bike you'd have a scuffle on your hands if you try and take it. ;-)
- June 15, 2013 at 9:47 AM
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


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180EZ Binding Instructions
The streamlined180EZ binding features a simple, one-buckle tightening mechanism, coupled with an easy-to-use urethane heel strap for efficient, lightweight support. Patented Control Wings™ keep your heel aligned with the snowshoe for maximum control and comfort.
180PRO Binding Instructions
Our most robust 180™ Series binding, the gender-specific 180Pro features extended rigid Control Wings™, a locking heel strap and a contoured, padded upper for pressure-free comfort and added warmth.
ActiveFit Binding Instructions
Gender specific, asymmetric ActiveFit+™ binding provides the perfect combination of control, support, comfort and ease of use. Patented Control Wings™ center the heel, while dual pivot point and padded midfoot deliver a custom fit without pressure points. Men's binding fits up to size 13 boots; women's sized for 5-11 boots.
ActiveFlex Binding Instructions
Gender specific, asymmetric ActiveFLEX™ binding featuring patented Control Wings™ provides lightweight control, support, comfort and ease of use. Men's binding fits up to size 13 boots; women's size 5- 11.
CustomWrap Binding Instructions
Featuring the Boa Closure System, the innovative and quick-to-secure CustomWrap binding provides optimal fit, comfort, and ease of use that encompasses your foot with the twist of a dial.
DynamicFit Flex Binding Instructions
The DynamicFit binding integrates the Boa Closure System with the comfort of EVA foam to produce even pressure distribution around your boot, creating precise fit and optimized control. Releasing the binding is as simple as pulling up on the Boa dial.
QuickLock Binding Instructions
The QuickLock2 binding slides easily to lock and stays snug around the boot providing security and comfort.
QuickPull Binding Instructions
An intuitive forefoot strap on the QuickPull binding cinches easily and unlocks with one buckle push. The pivoting toe stop allows speedy adjustment and Control Wings keep your heel aligned.
- Men's Flex TRK
- Women's Flex TRK
- Men's Xplore
- Women's Xplore
- Flex ESC
- Men's Flex STP
- Women's Flex STP


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Rumor Shot Down: Dame Grease Clears Up Rumors About DMX Beef!
Dame Grease Clarifies Rumors on Allhiphop about DMX Beef. Shout out to Mazi O
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The nomination period is now open for Mississippi State University's 2017 Research Awards and the Ralph E. Powe Research Excellence Award. Faculty, staff and students are encouraged to submit nominations for this year's program.
Research Awards recognize individuals who contribute significantly to the university's mission of research, as well as honor and reward students, faculty and staff for their accomplishments in research and creative endeavors. The awards also raise awareness of research programs and capabilities on campus.
The Powe Award is reserved for outstanding, nationally recognized, competitive researchers. Nominees should have a distinguished research career and a currently active research program. The award will be reflective of leadership, vision, facilitation, collaboration, problem solving and team building. The Powe honoree receives a gift of $1,500 and a commemorative plaque.
Recipients will be honored during a special luncheon at the Hunter Henry Center on April 27 at 11:30 a.m.
Three letters of support or recommendations for nominees are required in all categories along with the attached nominator coversheet. Each college or university center and institute may select an awardee in all award categories, but is not required to nominate in all categories. Send nominations and letters to your dean/director of research office no later than Feb. 6. The name of the chosen winner in each category, along with his or her nomination packet, is due in the Office of Research and Economic Development by March 1.
Additional information and nomination forms are available for download here:
* 2017 Research Award Nomination Information
* 2017 Powe Research Excellence Award Nomination Information
The awards program is sponsored by the Office of the Vice President for Research and Economic Development and the Office of the Vice President for Agriculture, Forestry and Veterinary Medicine.
For additional information, please contact Carmen Kelly at 662-325-3570 or email@example.com.


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Dj Kay Slay Says Tight Jeans Aint Style! "They Buying Woman Jeans. I Know Yall Not On Your Backs Wigglin To Get Into These Pants" + What Papoose Is Up To Now
ignantwitted reports "Kay Slay discusses Papoose, Amerie, Mr. Magic and skinny jeans. "
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DIAdem is a single, unified software environment that helps you be more efficient when post-processing your measurement data. It is optimized for large data sets and includes tools to quickly search for the data you need, view and investigate that data, transform it with engineering-specific analysis functions, and share results with a powerful drag-and-drop report editor. Scripts in DIAdem can help you automate your repetitive data post-processing tasks and transform your measurement data into valuable insights. DIAdem users with an active Standard Service Program (SSP) membership are eligible to upgrade to the latest DIAdem. Learn more about the latest DIAdem features in the NI Community.
DIAdem helps you locate and work with your measurement data to make a decision. You can use it in a broad range of industries and application areas. Learn more by exploring the area below that most closely aligns to your application.
Understand electromechanical system behavior by using DIAdem to pull together diverse sensor data from various sources, synchronize and play it back to comprehend the full picture, and transform it using engineering-specific analysis functions.
Minimize time spent on repetitive tasks by using DIAdem to automate steps like loading data from various sources, transforming your data into insights through analysis, and generating reports with standardized templates.
Standardize analysis and reporting across your team with DIAdem, which can load and reuse data queries, analysis scripts, and report templates created by others.
Software Benefits
Standard Service Program
Every purchase includes a renewable, one-year membership to the Standard Service Program (SSP) for software, which offers the following:
A single-seat license of DIAdem can be associated with an individual or to a specific computer ID.
The Volume License Program is designed for teams that need five or more licenses. It reduces the total cost of ownership by providing streamlined asset management to your organization.
SystemLink Suite includes DataFinder Server and Analysis Server. You can use these products with DIAdem for server-side data management and analysis.
The DIAdem Crash Analysis Toolkit contains a set of proven vehicle-safety test analysis functions that you can access interactively through DIAdem analysis.
The DIAdem DAC Kit provides a configuration-based environment to set up your measurement and control tasks and visualize the measured or calculated data during acquisition.
The SystemLink Suite manages tasks such as software deployment, device configuration, health and test monitoring, and data management and visualization.


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Ruth and her mom in front of Disneyland
Ruth's dad along with Timon and Rafiki from The Lion King
It's finger lickin' good!
Horse-drawn streetcar
Sleeping Beauty Castle was being repainted and was covered in tarps.
Ruth and her mom in front of the Matterhorn
Matterhorn entrance
Matt and Ruth get ready for a bobsled ride on the Matterhorn.
Making a splash at the end of the Matterhorn ride
Ruth meets Snow White.
Rachel and Jesse, Ruth's mom and dad.
Ruth and her mom.
Ruth and Matt
Mr. Toad's Wild Ride
I can't help but think I've seen this before!
Ruth's parents brave Mr. Toad's Wild Ride
Ruth visits a cow.
Ruth and her parents on the Jungle Cruise ride.
All aboard the Disneyland Railroad
Matt and Ruth take a break and ride the railroad
The Mark Twain riverboat.
Ruth and her parents with Tom Sawyer Island in the background.
Splash Mountain
Ruth's mom and dad prepare to get wet on Splash Mountain
We're all about to get soaked!
Brer Rabbit in a sticky situation in Splash Mountain.
The entrance to Pirates of the Caribbean.
Ruth on the Alice in Wonderland ride.
White Rabbit
Queen of Hearts
Cheshire Cat
Ruth's parents on a flying pirate ship on the Peter Pan ride.
It's a small world after all, it's a small world after all, it's a small world after all, it's a small, small, world. (Repeat 100 times)
C-3PO talks to everyone in line for Star Tours.
Matt and Ruth meet Mickey Mouse
The Main Street train station.
Eating with a gorilla at the Rainforest Cafe in Downtown Disney
Disney's Cali Adventure?
R is for Ruth and Rachel
Heading under the Golden Gate Bridge.
The Hollywood Pictures Backlot section of California Adventure


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Source on Git Hub
App on the Windows Store
Conqueror is coming to a whole new group of computers and tablets in the next week or two alongside the release of Windows 8.1 on the 18th of October. This will be an app specifically tailored for both tablets and computers with larger screens than phones with a well designed and fluid layout.
You may view a number of screenshots of the current beta test build I am running on my Flickr account here. This includes full images of the screens shown below.
The login screen:
The main view showing your current games with quick access to each games information and a quick link directly into the game.
Conqueror on Windows 8 relies upon the same backend as my Windows Phone app which means that it is using a backend which has been tested constantly over the past year and a half and that bugs detected/fixed in Windows Phone will be fixed in the Windows 8 version as well.
Unlike the Windows Phone version, Conqueror on Windows 8 offers a few new features. The first of course is the updated UI which is designed specifically to feel like a natural Windows 8 application. Additionally a more fully featured browser makes it easier to play your games on the go and the auto login feature added to Conqueror for Windows Phone in version 4 has been brought to Windows 8. The significant changes are what happens in the background. You can now set Conqueror to show a notification on your PC's lock screen so you will be able to quickly and easily see when your up in a game.
There are a whole slew of other things that are being added to Conqueror for Windows 8 as well, however, they are still being flushed out. The entire feature set, UI etc are all subject to change before the release.
I hope to release Conqueror for Windows 8 with Windows 8.1 (October 18th), however as I am still weeding out a few bugs with the program that may not be the case. I will know by the end of the weekend.
Source on Git Hub
App on the Windows Store


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ENGS 69: Smartphone Programming
Identical to COSC 065
This course teaches students how to design, implement, test, debug and publish smartphone applications. Topics include development environment, phone emulator, key programming paradigms, UI design including views and activities, data persistence, messaging and networking, embedded sensors, location based services (e.g., Google Maps), cloud programming, and publishing applications. Concepts are reinforced through a set of weekly programming assignments and group projects. Enrollment is limited to 50 students.


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Pureology – Serious Color Care –
Precious Oil
Versatile Caring Oil™ – Only a few drops and your hair will feel luxurious and silky.
My hair was frizzy and dried-out from the New York city 86 degree humidity. How would I get it to calm down and behave itself? Then Pureology Precious Oil Versatile Caring Oil came to the rescue. I applied a few drops to my hair and could feel the coconut and sunflower Precious Oil™ penetrating into my hair shaft.. I could feel moisture restructuring my frazzled locks. I could once again face the world.
I am so excited to introduce you to Pureology Precious Oil Versatile Caring Oil. We are all so tired of pushing and pulling our hair with hot irons and damaging, harsh chemical treatments. Now, protect your hair with the latest color hair care innovation. Precious Oil is not only good to your hair, but it is the first Green Seal Certified 100% Biodegradable formula. You will find that it is silicone and paraben-free.
We will be featuring Pureology Precious Oil Versatile Caring Oil in our very own July Box Monthly, Beauty box and healthy combo with a full size product. Everything green for the girl on the go. Like Boxmonthly on Facebook
Experience all the ways to use Precious Oil:
On Fine Colour-Treated Hair
· For Silky Conditioning: Before shampooing, apply 2 drops on dry hair. Do not rinse. Follow with the Pureology shampoo for your hair type, work into a lather and rinse.
On Medium to Coarse Colour-Treated Hair
· For Exceptional Softness: After Shampooing, apply 1 to 3 drops to towel-dried hair. Layer with any Pureology rinse-out masque. Leave on 5-10 minutes. Rinse thoroughly.
· For Anti-Frizz Smoothness: After blow-drying, rub 1-2 drops in your hands and run lightly over dry hair. Reapply as needed.
· For Gentle Detangling: Apply 1 to 2 drops in palm and work through clean, damp hair. Beginning at the ends, use a wide-tooth comb and gently work out tangles.
· For Curl Revitalizing: Apply a small amount in palm and run through curls.
All Types of Colour Treated Hair
· For Radiant Shine: Blend or layer 2 drops with your favorite Pureology style and style as usual. Finish with any heat or styling tools.
· For Overnight Treatment: Apply evenly through hair before going to bed. In the morning leave in or rinse out.
On All Skin Types
· For Skin Softening: Apply on clean skin and massage in to moisturize.
Precious Oils
Sunflower Seed Oil for Softness - Omega 6 essential fatty acids and phospholipids, equalize the surface to restore suppleness
Coconut Oil for Vitality – Low molecular weight coconut oil, reduces hairs fragility by increasing flexibility
Olive Oil for Shine – Envelopes the hair shaft for optimum light reflection and reduced mechanical friction
Jojoba Seed Oil for Moisture – Locks moisture into hair for improved elasticity
Replicates the way hair absorbs nutrients to intelligently deliver 4X active ingredients from root to tip to provide superior colour retention for longer lasting hair colour, GUARANTEED
Price & Availability
$40 (4.2 oz), $12 (1.0 oz)
Available May 2012 in salons nationwide
What is Green Seal?
Green Seal is a non-profit organization that uses science-based programs to empower consumers, purchasers and companies to create a more sustainable world. A product or service awarded the Green Seal Stamp has met rigorous requirements designed to reduce its environmental impact. Pureology is pleased to have received this prestigious honor for Precious Oil as we continue our commitment to a more sustainable future. To learn more, visit http://www.greenseal.org
About Pureology
All Pureology formulas offer an industry first: Longer Lasting Hair Colour – GUARANTEED!®
Pureology Introduces Supreme ControlTM Maximum Hold Zero Dulling Hairspray
May 2012 (New York, NY) – Pureology Serious Colour Care guarantees longer lasting haircolour from start to finish. Colour treated hair has special needs and encounters many challenges during the styling process such as breakage, dryness and dullness. To combat these challenges, Pureology welcomes Supreme Control maximum hold zero dulling hairspray into the award-winning Colour Stylist line. It fortifies hair with maximum hold and extra shine to keep updos up, curls bouncy and straight styles sleek and frizz-free.
"Supreme Control maximum hold zero dulling hairspray is so versatile - whether I'm behind the chair at the salon or working on an editorial shoot, Supreme Control works to keep flyaways at bay, hold up voluminous updos or create dramatic, high-fashion looks," states Ruth Roche, Pureology Colour Ambassador. "This is an ideal hairspray for my clients who want to achieve high-hold styles and still protect and strengthen their hair."
About Pureology
All Pureology formulas offer an industry first: Longer Lasting Hair Colour – GUARANTEED!®
For more information visit http://www.pureology.com and Like Pureology on Facebook
Sign up for Boxmonthly for our July beauty box with a full size Pureology Precious Oil™.
Like Boxmonthly on Facebook
To contact author, Lori Peters go to Lori Lee Peters


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Due to variances in monitors, the colors and patterns displayed may vary slightly from the actual product. Physical samples should be ordered prior to specifying.
Natural versatility offers wide ranging applications including wall surfaces where sound-reduction qualities and durability complement its tactile interest.
Also very appropriate as a panel or partition fabric, the wide variety of texture patterns and color range provide the perfect backdrop for any design scheme.
Their high tear and tensile strength ratings make them ideal for a broad range of commercial installations. Our products are designed and colored to meet constantly changing market needs in the hospitality, corporate, retail, industrial and healthcare markets.


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The Sims go back in time and get medieval! The Sims: Medieval takes The Sims into the Middle Ages with all new features, new graphics and new ways to play. For the first time, players can create heroes, venture on quests, and build up a kingdom. In an ancient land of adventure, drama and romance, players will be able to get medieval like never before.
Release date: March, 22 2011 (USA) - March, 25 2011 (Europe)
The Sim Medieval Pirates And Nobles
The Sims Medieval Pirates & Nobles Adventure Pack introduces new quests, treasure hunting, and hundreds of new objects for your medieval kingdom! Your epic story starts when the Pirates of Aarbyville and the Nobles of Tredony arrive in your kingdom, followed quickly by sword fights, love affairs, grand adventures and mysteries. Go treasure hunting to uncover hidden objects. Embark on new quests to help your kingdom achieve a new ambition. Stylize your kingdom and Sims with new pirate and nobility themed objects and wardrobe. The fun never ends with this new adventure pack!


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Join us for a FREE introduction on how to receive your Real Estate license. What are the requirements? How can I start my career? What do I need to pass the state real estate exam? We will answer all your questions!
You will be sitting in on the first session of the course for free, which will give you an in-depth overview of our training sessions.
This is a breakdown of what will be discussed in the first session:
• How to get your Real Estate License.
• Introduction to Real Estate topics and terms.
• The first few chapters in the textbook of the course.
The training session is taught by a successful real estate agent who is a veteran in the industry and is actively working to close deals.
If you would like to continue with the full 3-month training program after this first session, enrollment is required.
Learn more about our Real Estate School in San Francisco.
If this session is sold out, check out our other locations:
• Oakland
• Burlingame (Peninsula Estates)
Are you ready to become your own boss and making a six figure income?! Sign up for the free introduction today!
CA Realty Training
(888) 317-8740


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The US Servers will come down on Thursday, December 6, 2012, at 4:00 pm Pacific* for a hotfix. The EU Servers will come down on Friday, December 7, 2012 at 5:00 am London Time* for a hotfix. The expected downtime is one hour.
Update Notes will be posted in the Game Update Notes forum when available.


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Reader Favorites
I have a ton of store cards in my wallet and in the pockets of my purse. A lot of grocery store cards, cards for fabric stores, and a few p...
I {heart} pillowcase dresses!!! Why you ask? They are the most versatile dress EVER! It can be worn year round. In the summer wear it as...
It is now starting to get cooler here and soon for a short time it will be COLD. There will be a need to break out the winter coats along...
Well I do. Lots of them!!! I went to a thrift store the other day and they had a huge bin of clothing $1 for a 13 gallon trash bag. Those...
We spent this week at the beach! Doesn't get much better than that in my book. I L-O-V-E the beach!!!!! It seemed like every day...
Denim Balls It's been rainy here for the last few days so we have had to find fun things to do inside. I found a great pattern and tuto...
The Playground Skirt I have a little girl who loves dresses. In fact that's almost all I can get her to wear. I love that ...
I don't know about you, but I love fancy little dresses that look like it took me forever to make when in fact it didn't take much...
Every time we take a trip whether it's for the day to go shopping or for a week or two on vacation we end up with trashed floor boards...
OK, so yesterday I showed y'all how I made the quilt top. Today we are gonna take a look at the back side. My husband suggested doing...
Blog Archive
- ► 2011 (101)
- Scrap Buster Saturday: BUBBLE REVAMP
- And The Winner Is......
- Calling All Pattern Testers!!!
- Peek-A-Boo Tulle
- Designer Details
- French Seams
- Scrap Buster and a Giveaway!!!!!
- The Hacked Up Pillow Case
- A Cake With a Suprise Inside!!!!
- Pattern Testers
- Are You Interested?
- I've Got a Winner!!!
- Game On
- An New Pair of Old Shoes
- I've Been Featured
- T-Shirt Trunks
- Scrap Buster Saturday!!!!
- Coming Soon....
- Rockin Jeans
- ▼ March (19)
I've Got a Winner!!!
16.3.10 | Posted by Unknown | Edit Post
You know you made something great when you pull it off the sewing machine and your little girl says "Oh Mommy it's Bootiful" as she undresses herself so she can put on her new dress. And the best thing about this dress is that it took 5 minutes to make! Really!!!!!!!
It doesn't get much easier than this.
Supplies Needed:
2 shirts
sewing machine
Here are the 2 shirts I chose to use.
Cut the bottom hem off.
I cut this shirt off where it gathers right below the tie.
Next I gathered the polkadot fabric on the edge I just cut.
I adjusted the gathers to fit the bottom of the striped shirt. Make sure to match your seams : )
Zigzag stitch so it has some stretch.
That's it. See how easy!!!!!!
Labels: Girls Clothes, Tutorials, Upcycled
1 comments:
- Kelli @ WhimsiKel said...
Hey, I hopped over from New Friend Friday, and I LOVE this dress! Polka dots AND stripes? In those delicious pinks? So glad she loved it, too! We're so lucky our first was a boy or we'd be broke, but I'll be filing this idea away for when I've got a girl... :)
- 19.3.10
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


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