text:
Yes, I Have A Smoking Gun In My Hand, But It's Not Mine, Although I Can't Recall Who Handed It To Me. Am I Still In Trouble?
Is it just me, or does it seem like the Bush administration is imploding? The weight of all of the scandals, the inappropriate use of government offices and the infusion of political priorities into every single aspect of our government is finally threatening to collapse the whole sordid structure they've built. The references to the Bush Crime Family have always seemed a stretch to me, but as the whole mess unravels, it appears more and more like racketeering all the time. Bush, Cheney, Libby, Rumsfeld, Wolfowitz, Rove and all the others, have not only acted inappropriately as representatives and employees of the people, but they have build an operating system that condones and facilitates all of their bad (illegal) behavior.
In an attempt to avoid Congressional oversight, the Bush administration, with the help of the RNC and big Republican donors, set up a shadow communications system within the White House. The theory was, that since the communications were made on a private system rather than a government system, the emails weren't subject to public scrutiny. This theory, like the neo-con theory that led us into the quagmire of Iraq, was riddled with flaws and may just lead to their downfall. You see, private communications can remain private (unless of course you're just an average American subject to spying by the NSA) as long as no crimes are committed. Once a crime is suspected, then the communications are subject to subpoena, and there is no executive privilege option for hiding emails that were routed through the RNC. Oops!
You can call it a conspiracy or a culture of corruption, but it's worth pointing out the many and varied investigations that are either ongoing, or that have already resulted in convictions of Republican officials and operatives. They may seem on the surface to be unconnected, but the one thing they all have in common is electoral math. There's Tom DeLay's illegal redistricting plan in Texas, since struck down by the Supreme Court. Tom Noe's illegal funneling of stolen money into the Bush/Cheney campaign (not to mentionhis wife's questionable behavior as Chair of the Lucas County Board of Elections). There's the firing of US Attorneys who refused to halt investigations into corrupt Republicans or refused to manufacture investigations into Democrats in key states. The NSA spying that appears to have had more to do with political intelligence than foreign intelligence. And the big one, the war that was supposed to provide George W. Bush with the political capital necessary to implement a neo-conservative (not to mention Chrito-facsist) agenda while providing cover for the behind the scenes war profiteering and shady maneuvers to ensure a permanent Republican majority, not through public acceptance of their tried and true ideology, but though manipulation of our electoral system from illegal redistricting to privately owned voting machines and more legal hurdles to voting.
There's news today of a new sweeping investigation by the Office of Special Councel into Karl Rove and his entire political operation that used our government agencies to ensure Republican electoral dominance. The firing of US Attorney David Iglesias, the political pressure put on government employees to use their positions to further Rove's political agenda, the missing emails and the shadow communications system are all on the table in this investigation. For the Bush administration, the strength of their ideas is not enough to ensure political victory, leaving manipulation and suppression of the vote as their best option for maintaining power.
It's about time there was one sweeping investigation into how this White House operates, and the RNC communications network might very well be the thing that ties the many disparate investigations together. It might even lead to some answers as to what really happened during the 2004 election, although as I heard Noam Chomsky say in a speech recently, "that is mostly an elite affair" and he's not wrong. Far too many people have ignored the very real possibility of a stolen election, either because it's too frightening to contemplate or it just seems par for the course. But still, there is evidence emerging that suggests this same RNC system was used to count the votes from Ohio on Election Night. That is a huge development and it opens up the possibility that the OSC investigation could accidentally stumble upon the smoking gun. Now wouldn't that be a nice turn of events?


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The week in review
Best reason for non-stop television watching: The United States begins its war on Iraq March 19.
Worst potential disaster to consider, as if war and terrorism aren't enough: March 25 is Tornado Preparedness Day.
Best civil disobedience: Antiwar protesters march down West Main and occupy the intersection at Ridge-McIntire and Congressman Virgil Goode's office March 20. Eight are arrested.
Worst civil disobedience: ROTC offices at UVA are vandalized early March 18, the Cav Daily reports.
Best pro-war rally: An estimated 6,000 turn out in Richmond to support the war March 23.
Best high school protest: About 150 Charlottesville High students cut class to march to the Downtown Mall March 24.
Worst Daily Progress headline/photo juxtaposition: "Republican Guard targeted" tops a picture of CHS protesters marching off the campus.
Best vindication: Former Albemarle detective K.W. Robinson, who was convicted of assault and battery of Corey Faison last summer, has the charges dismissed on appeal. Now Robinson is trying to get his job back.
Best promise for state workers: Gov. Mark Warner vows to raise salaries this year.
Worst decision for state millionaires: Gov. Warner vetoes the repeal of the estate tax.
Worst rain casualties: Two men are killed in traffic mishaps within 13 minutes during heavy rains on March 20.
Worst unknown smell in Albemarle: 12 Walton Middle School students end up at UVA Medical Center after suffering respiratory problems on a school bus March 20.
Worst gas smell in Fluvanna: Inmates at the Fluvanna Correctional Center for Women complain they've been sickened by a strong gas odor.
Worst fire extinguisher incident: Children are rescued from a school bus leaving Greer Elementary School March 21 when an extinguisher discharges. The cause of the discharge is unknown, according to an Albemarle County release.
Best free medical opinion: UVA's cardiovascular chief, Dr. George Beller, tells the Washington Post that Senator Bob Graham's heart surgery is very "low risk."
Best description of Patricia Kluge's new cru, a fortified chardonnay aperitif: "It's not a sissy wine," says Steve Provence at the Kluge Estate Farm Shop opening, the Progress reports.
Best pizza competitor: Anna Wallaker, owner of Bistro 151 in Nellysford, takes her Thai Pie pizza to Las Vegas to compete for the "coveted" Pizza of the Year award, according to a press release.
Worst pizza targeting: Pizza Hut on East High Street is the victim of a second attempted robbery in two weeks.
Best maintaining of a gadfly reputation: Best documentary-winner Michael Moore uses the Academy Awards ceremony to blast the war in Iraq, to the boos of Teamsters backstage.
Best press in Washingtonian : Charlottesville gets another best-places-to-live nod.
Best way for Hook editor Hawes Spencer to get in the Daily Progress: Have him flick a wasp out of the hair of Rob Vaughan, head of the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities, and it's front-page news.
Best career move: Progress reporter Peter Savodnik heads for a D.C. job at The Hill. (Word is that business reporter David Dadurka is angling for Savodnik's county beat.)
Best article on excessive punctuation: Hook contributor Erika Raskin, in a Post piece, denounces quotation marks run amok.

subset: commoncrawl


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Community Aspect
communities, diversity, justice, the law and interdependencedemocracy in Wales, the rights and responsibilities of a young citizen.
Know how representatives are elected and what their roles are.
Spiritual Aspect
Be aware of their character, strengths and weaknesses
Students' beliefs and values in the context of society and the media
Moral Aspect
Recognise moral issues
know what they believe to be right and wrong
Environmental Aspect
interdependence of global systems, effects of human development.
Understand the key issues of sustainable development


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No identification has been made on the woman found in Rocky Bayou on Sunday morning, according to officials.
NICEVILLE � No identification has been made on the woman found in Rocky Bayou on Sunday morning, according to officials.
Detective Rhonda Willis with the Niceville Police Department said the woman has not been listed locally as a missing person.
Read the original story >>
Her body was found by a passer-by in the water near the shore at the end of 11th Street about 7 a.m.
Investigators estimate she may have been in the water about 12 hours, but the exact length of time has not been determined. It was no longer than a day, Willis said.
The woman was white, possibly in her 30s and about 5 feet, 3 inches tall. She had brown hair and blue eyes and was wearing Capri blue jeans and a gray shirt when her body was found.
Willis said it could take several days to get identification from the woman�s fingerprints.
Medical Examiner Andrea Minyard was conducting an autopsy Monday but had not yet been able to provide cause of death. It was unknown whether foul play was involved.
�We�re still on hold for more info,� Willis said. �All other leads have failed to lead to anything.�
Police are asking for anyone who may have been in the area fishing or boating Saturday night or early Sunday morning to contact Willis at 850-729-4030 or the police department�s anonymous tip line at 850-729-4020.
�We�re asking for anyone to contact us that might have seen anybody or heard anything late at night or early in the morning that could give us any kind of clue,� she said.


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Rotnei Clarke scored 22 points and No. 11 Butler beat Fordham 68-63 on Saturday, the Rams' sixth straight loss and ninth in the last 10 games.
Clarke was the key figure for the Bulldogs (21-5, 8-3 Atlantic 10) late in the game when Fordham (6-20, 2-9) was able to close to 65-63 with 18 seconds to play.
The Bulldogs closed it out by making four of six free throws the rest of the way to improve to 36-10 after a loss under coach Brad Stevens. Butler lost to Charlotte 71-67 on Wednesday.
The game marked the return of Andrew Smith, Butler's starting center who missed the home loss to Charlotte because of an abdominal injury. He had 12 points and made all six of his free throws, including four in the final 1:54.
Chris Gaston had 21 points for Fordham in his first game back after missing seven with a knee injury. The Bulldogs did a good job on Gaston late, holding him scoreless for the final 5 minutes.
Mandell Thomas had 12 points, including two 3-pointers in the final minute, for the Rams. He was coming off a career-high 23 points against Xavier.
Kameron Woods had seven points and 10 rebounds for the Bulldogs, while Ryan Rhoomes had eight points and eight rebounds for the Rams.
Fordham opened the second half on a 9-0 run to take a 35-30 lead.
The Bulldogs went on a 16-2 run right after that to go up 46-37 with 12:57 to play.
Butler finished 22 of 34 (64.7 percent) from the free throw line while the Rams were 11 of 15 (73.3 percent)
This was only the second meeting between the schools. Butler beat the Rams 90-78 in the first round of the 1959 NIT.


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San Francisco may have to wait a few months to get its first taste of America's Cup-style competitive racing, with race organizers looking to move the August exhibition race scheduled for the bay to New York.
The switch is a longshot, but organizers say it would prove invaluable in drumming up national attention – and attendance – for the America's Cup challenger and finals matches in San Francisco in 2013.
While the big races are still more than a year away, sailing certainly hasn't captivated the mainstream American sporting public. Turnout for exhibition races in San Diego in December was disappointing. Ahead of a June 1 entry deadline, only four teams are lined up to race for the Cup. Organizers originally hoped to have about 10. Race organizers have also voiced difficulties in landing national and international corporate sponsorships.
That's why regatta organizers, led by billionaire Oracle co-founder Larry Ellison, have their eye on New York, with its combination of media concentration, affluent residents and national appeal.
"One of the challenges we have is to engage America," said Stephen Barclay, an executive with the America's Cup Event Authority, Ellison's regatta group. "Having these things racing around the Statue of Liberty would engage the East Coast."
But Barclay put the chance of that happening at "less than 20 percent" given the time frame and logistics. Officials in New York have already shot down the idea once, he said. Whether in New York or San Francisco, the final day of racing from that match is to be broadcast live on NBC.
The exhibition races, dubbed the America's Cup World Series, feature 45-foot catamarans and are being held around the globe. San Francisco would still have an exhibition race in October before the challenger series for the right to battle Ellison's Oracle Racing for the Cup, featuring 72-foot boats, kicks off July 4, 2013. The Cup finals would be held that September.
– John Coté
A rosy outlook: The budget news keeps getting better for San Francisco, even though the city still has a projected deficit next year of $170 million.
That's a measurable improvement over the $229 million gap for the fiscal year that starts July 1 that was projected only last month, and substantially less than an earlier assumption of a $458 million budget hole.
"Things are heading in the right direction," city Controller Ben Rosenfield said Wednesday after releasing a joint report with the budget teams from Mayor Ed Lee's office and the Board of Supervisors. "There is still a long way to go, though."
He attributed the improved outlook to both city spending constraints and improving hotel, payroll and sales tax revenue.
While the new joint five-year financial report assumes less money coming from the state and federal governments, the overall picture is clouded by political maneuvering in Sacramento and Washington, D.C. Other factors include upcoming contract negotiations with all of the city's labor unions except police and fire personnel.
Lee, in a statement, said the budget report was "more good news" but "tough choices" remain. The report projected deficits of $312 million for fiscal 2013-14, $492 million for fiscal 2014-15 and $495 million for fiscal 2015-16.
– John Coté
Front and center: As Bay Area transportation officials assemble a plan to get Caltrain electrification and advanced train control projects funded as part of the California high-speed rail project, San Francisco officials want to make sure they don't forget about the Transbay Terminal – and the 1.5-mile downtown extension to take fast trains into the Financial District.
As The Chronicle reported last month, officials with Bay Area transportation agencies are working on a proposed agreement with the High-Speed Rail Authority that would fund the Caltrain improvements, and get them built perhaps as soon as 2016 – five to 10 years earlier than previous estimates.
"Any contract we enter into as a region, needs to be very clear that Diridon (station in San Jose) and the Transbay Terminal are part of the equation," San Francisco Supervisor Scott Wiener said Wednesday at the Metropolitan Transportation Commission meeting. That agency is brokering the plan.
– Michael Cabanatuan
Twitter:SFCityInsider. email@example.com.


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Background on the Economic Forum
The Economic Forum was created by the Legislature during the 1993 Legislative Session. This group is responsible for providing forecasts of the state's General Fund revenues for each biennium budget period. The Economic Forum consists of five appointed members who cannot be employees of state government, including publicly supported institutions of higher education. The Governor appoints all five members to the Economic Forum, with the Senate Majority Leader and the Speaker of the Assembly each nominating one member for appointment. Each member appointed to the Economic Forum serves a two-year term.
By statute, the Economic Forum is required to provide revenue forecasts on or before December 3 in even-numbered years and on or before May 1 in odd-numbered years. The December 3 estimates are used by the Governor in preparing the budget recommendations that will be presented to the Legislature in January. The May 1 forecast is the final official revenue estimate that must be used by the Legislature in balancing General Fund appropriations with anticipated General Fund revenues for the next biennium.
The Technical Advisory Committee on Future State Revenues provides technical support to the Economic Forum. This committee was also created by the 1993 legislation. By statute, this committee consists of the following members or their designees: Senate Fiscal Analyst; Assembly Fiscal Analyst; Chief of the Budget Division of the Department of Administration; Chief of the Bureau of Research and Analysis within the Department of Employment, Training, and Rehabilitation; the Vice-Chancellor for Finance of the University and Community College System of Nevada; the State Demographer; and the Chairman of the Committee on Local Government Finance. This committee meets as needed or requested by the Economic Forum to produce informational reports or forecasts for the Economic Forum and prepare for the actual meetings of the Economic Forum.
The first budget and legislative period that the Economic Forum was required to provide forecasts was the 1995-1997 biennium. Thus, General Fund revenue forecasts had to be produced by December 1, 1994, for FY 1995 (the current fiscal year), FY 1996, and FY 1997. After producing a forecast for the current fiscal year or base year, a one-year ahead forecast is prepared for the first year of the ensuing biennium and a two-year ahead forecast is created for the second year of the biennium. An updated or revised forecast had to be prepared by May 1, 1995. The forecast periods are the same for the May 1 forecast, except that more current information is available for the base or current fiscal year period.
In a typical forecast meeting, the Economic Forum actually reviews the individual forecasts prepared by various state government staff for seven of the state's major revenue sources: sales and use tax, percentage fee tax on gaming revenues, insurance premium tax, modified business tax, cigarette tax, live entertainment tax and real property transfer tax. For each of these revenue sources, the Economic Forum is presented with separate forecasts prepared by Fiscal Analysis Division staff, Budget Division staff, and staff from the specific agencies responsible for collecting each of these revenues. The state also contracts with a national forecasting firm, GLOBAL INSIGHT, to produce forecasts for the sales and use tax and percentage fee tax, which are considered by the Economic Forum. The members of the Economic Forum arrive at a consensus forecast for each of these major revenue sources after reviewing and discussing the separate forecasts made available to them.
Forecasts for the remaining General Fund revenue sources are prepared by the Technical Advisory Committee. Technical Advisory Committee member's staff, as well as other state agency staff, prepares forecasts of these smaller revenue sources. The Technical Advisory Committee then produces a consensus estimate of these revenue sources, which are presented to and reviewed by the Economic Forum. After reviewing the forecasts, the Economic Forum can make adjustments to the forecast for any of these minor revenue sources, if desired, before final approval. The forecasts for these other General Fund revenue sources have been produced using this process at the direction of the Economic Forum.
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A Brief Note on How clj-http Works
It's not Ring, but it's close
Mark McGranaghan's Ring library is probably better known than clj-http. It's largely for serving and responding to HTTP requests. clj-http is the same idea on the opposite side of the protocol. It's for making HTTP requests.
clj-http's introduction page is at http://mmcgrana.github.com/2010/08/clj-http-clojure-http-client.html.
Poking at it, trying to make sense of the code, I couldn't quite grasp what was going on.
Here's the definition of
clj-http.client/request, featured prominently on clj-http's introduction page:
(def request
(-> #'core/request
request is the building block of higher-level requests that most developers would worry themselves with.
get and
post and their ilk are implemented in terms of
The code flows both ways
As to what exactly request is doing, I think it's safe to say that all of the things written above… well, happen; redirects are handled, the content is typed, input and output are compressed and/or coerced. But in what order? The
-> operator that I maligned in a previous post turns a series of backwards-lexically function calls into a sequential listing, but in this particular case, that's misleading as well, as even though
wrap-url is called last, it's effects on the computation actually occur first. Wha?
It clicked for me when I realized that clj-http is written in a Continuation Passing Style. The only kind of continuation that clj-http worries itself with is the sending off of a request. All of these wrap- methods refer to their continuation as
client, and when they call it, they expect to get back a HTTP response.
Let's take a look at
(defn wrap-url [client]
(fn [req]
(if-let [url (:url req)]
(client (-> req (dissoc :url) (merge (parse-url url))))
(client req))))
It takes a client, and a client takes a request. A request is a map of various values that affect what gets included in the HTTP request.
wrap-url checks if it's request has a convenience key on it,
:url, and if so, it breaks the url up into a bunch more specific parts using
parse-url and then merges them with the given request map. Now, the really cool and ingenious part of this is that
wrap-url doesn't actually do any of this when called, but instead returns a fn that will. That fn — you guessed it — is a "client", which means that the result of
wrap-url can then be passed to other request-altering fns as their continuation. All of the wrap- methods modify the client you give them to produce one with the underlying client behavior and whatever new behavior they see fit to add.
So, back to the question of when the methods in
request's long arrow chain actually take effect: clj-http doesn't change the semantics of the
-> operator, so
wrap-url does indeed get called last. It is passed the client created by
wrap-method, who was passed the client created by […insert your intelligence from your own explorations here..] which is passed the
clj-http.core/request fn.
clj-http.core/request is the only fn in the whole lot that actually knows how to make an actual http request (and even then it has Apache's HttpClient do most of the heavy lifting for it).
So the last function in the arrow chain is the first function to get a crack at modifying the request. Conversely, it's the last function to get a crack at modifying the response as it must get the response from the client passed to it from wrap-method, which must get it's response from […oh god, not this again…] which gets it from
It is up to each wrap- method along the way to decide whether or not it's actually concerned with the request or the response (or both). There are plenty of fns in the stack that demonstrate each choice.
wrap-url is a good example of a fn that modifies the request on the way down, but returns the response untouched.
I hope this helps anybody who was thinking about writing stuff on top of clj-http, but couldn't immediately figure out how to stop their code from automatically redirecting or how to gracefully check that they've logged into a website before making requests to pages behind a user account.


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text:
My day job (in reality, day, evening, night–just about any time) is college professor. One of the issues I always try to cover in relevant classes is American slavery, including the factors that kept it alive and vital in the United States up to the eve of the Civil War. My students do not seem to have much problem understanding the economic/financial reason slavery survived. (That is, slavery was profitable to antebellum slaveholders up to the eve of the Civil War, especially the cotton planters who because of strong demand for their product in international markets, Great Britain especially, could be counted among the richest Americans in the late 1850s.) With improving their condition being a big reason they attend college, my students can relate to the economic motives of antebellum slaveholders even if they disapprove of how these planters obtained their wealth.
What the students have a harder time wrapping their minds around was the tremendous fear slaveholders lived with that played just if not more as important a role in the survival of slavery as the economic benefits they derived from the institution. That is, it was an article of faith among white Southerners before the Civil War that without slavery to keep them under control, the slaves would rise up against their owners and other whites in a war of savage vengeance. For proof, slaveholders pointed to the Haitian Revolution of the 1790s and Nat Turner's rebellion in Virginia in 1831, overlooking, of course, the peaceful end of slavery in the British Empire in the 1830s. Like many irrational fears, its adherents readily dismissed evidence to the contrary, and grasped at any fact–however flimsy–that reinforced it. Hence, for many white Southerners, John Brown's pathetically failed raid on the federal arsenal in Harper's Ferry, Virginia, in October 1859, became evidence for them that Northerners were conspiring to let loose their slaves upon them in a bloody race war, and that they must begin organizing and drilling militias in self-defense. Likewise, the fear explains why the Lower South seceded after Abraham Lincoln's election and parts of the Upper South seceded in response to Lincoln's call for volunteers in the wake of the attack on Fort Sumter. Many white Southerners saw these events as a prelude to the North unleashing their slaves against them.
This fear also could infect visitors to the South, as it did an unnamed Englishman whose words made it into print in the New York Times on November 16, 1861. He wrote:
The overtasked slaves of a cruel or poor master may be known even if met upon the road. Sullen and downcast, the savage depicted in their countenances and in the gleam of their eyes, as they glance furtively at the passer-by; wild as the native African, and their natural cunning increased by their contact with the white man, whose vices they have learnt, without having acquired, or been able to acquire, any of his virtues; woe to the day, should it ever arrive, when these men are let loose to work their will upon their oppressors! It has been said by England and Englishmen: 'Make this a war of emancipation, and we are with you heart and soul.' They know not what they say who speak thus, and it is well the North cannot listenif it would. If emissaries from the North were possibly to make their appearance, in arms, and personally to declare the immediate freedom of the slaves of the South, an indiscriminate massacre of every white man, woman and child in the South, would be the result. It would be a second edition of the massacre of St. Domingo. It were folly to speak of the restraint which would be exercised by the educated and well-disposed among the negroes, — these would be overpowered, or drawn into the army of avengers, against their will. There were many well-disposed, faithful negroes amongst the Haytians. Of what service were they? In all revolts, whether among civilized or savage men, some leading spirit is sure to arise and assume command, and in case of forcible emancipation, a second Touissant l'Ouverture would lead the negroes of the South to vengeance, as did the veritable TOUISSANT lead his followers to the massacre of their French masters. Whichever way this struggle may turn out, however, in my humble opinion, the death blow has already been given to Slavery; but its extinction must be gradual, and must be managed by the South itself.
No one — not the bitterest foe to the South — none but an insane zealot, would wish to bring upon that unhappy section of the country the horrors that would follow a sudden, forced emancipation of the slaves. Meanwhile a great dread of an outbreak prevails over a large portion of the South, particularly where the white male inhabitants have been, generally, called away to serve in the army. The negro quarters in many plantations are most vigilantly guarded at night, and the masters and mistresses sleep — if sleep they can — with firearms beneath their pillows!
This fear of emancipation even influenced white Northerners. For example, in late November 1861, Abraham Lincoln was working on a plan for compensated emancipation in Delaware (which will be dealt with soon in Civil War Emancipation). It would call for not only paying loyal slaveholders who agreed to free their slaves, but also for removing those freed slaves from the state. Indeed, Lincoln supported, until it was proven impractical, the emigration of ex-slaves outside the United States. He accepted the idea that former slaveholders and former slaves could not peaceably live side by side. It would take time and hard circumstance to convince him and many other white Americans otherwise.
Source: http://www.nytimes.com/1861/11/16/news/an-englishman-s-view.html.


text:
(Held on bond at Morgan County Jail unless otherwise noted.)
•Juan Alfaro, 20, Brush, warrant arrest at 801 E. Beaver on August 19 at 8:54 a.m. Held on $1,000 bond.
•Roy Mendoza, 51, Fort Morgan, violation of a protection order at 19866 MCR R.7 on August 19 at 7:02 p.m. Held on $1,000 bond.
•Michale Hunter, 21, Fort Morgan, violation of protection order (2 counts), drive vehicle without valid driver's license, possessed open alcohol beverage container in motor vehicle in 16500 block of MCR S on August 20 at 11:51 p.m. Held on $1,000 bond.
•Mary Contreraz, 44, Fort Morgan, warrant arrest for failure to appear on larceny charges on AUgust 21 at 400 Warner. Held on $482 bond.
•Jamie Guzman, 24, Fort Morgan, warrant arrest for careless driving, leaving scene of accident involving injury, protection order violation, consume alcohol underrate at 801 E. Beaver on August 9 at 7:44 a.m. Held on $5,000 and $2,000 bonds.
•Isidro Lopez, 46, Fort Morgan, restraining order violation at 19555 Virginia Avenue on August 21 at 8:08 p.m. Held on no bond.
•Manuel Montez, 57, Fort Morgan, warrant arrest (3 warrants) at 400 Warner St. on August 22 at 1:49 p.m. Held on $3,532 total bond.
•Timothy Kelly, 48, Akron, warrant arrest on August 22 at 11:19 p.m. in the 32000 block of Highway 34. Held on no bond.
•Kimberly Speaker, 48, Roggen, warrant arrest for failure to appear on driving under restraint and failure to appear on fraud by check at 801 E. Beaver Avenue on August 23 at 7:30 p.m. Held on $2,000 and $4,000 bond.
•Jesus Sepulveda, 32, Fort Morgan, possession of Schedule 4, driving under the influence, driving while license suspended and open container at 17300 block of MCR 22.5 on August 24 at 6:16 a.m. Held on $1,000 bond.
•David Chapman, 25, Fort Morgan, first degree criminal trespass, and 3rd degree assault at MCR S and MCR 14 on August 24 at 2:14 p.m. Held on no bond.
•Ray Slocum, 25, Hillrose, false imprisonment at MCR S and MCR 14 on August 25 at 2:14 p.m. Held on $750 bond.
•Manuel Losino, 46, Log Lane Village, reported criminal mischief, theft and second degree criminal trespass at 15708 Highway 144 between 1:30 p.m. August 17 and 9:30 a.m. August 19. Gas cans containing fuel, valued at $88 and a damaged padlock, valued $5, were reported. Open case.
•James Smoot, Fort Morgan, reported criminal mischief at 16308 MCR 19 between 8 a.m. August 9 and 2 p.m. August 9. Damaged padlock, valued at $15. Open case.
•Alisha Lapp, 28, Fort Morgan, reported criminal mischief at 17134 Highway 39 on August 21 at 7:30 p.m. Vehicle lock and window damaged. Open case.
•Donald South, 77, Fort Morgan, reported theft and third degree criminal trespass at 15732 Highway 144 between 9:45 p.m. August 18 and 10:42 a.m. August 22. Generator, valued at $2,680, was stolen. Open case.
•Keith Weaber, 64, Wheatridge, reported criminal mischief, second degree criminal trespass and theft at 30447 CR C between 8:30 p.m. August 18 and 11 a.m August 25. Stolen were a generator, saddle, bridal and wood run, value unknown. Latch to garage door, valued at $15, reported. Open case.
•Shateema Nicholson, 23, Fort Morgan, drove motor vehicle when license under restraint, failed to yield right of way when proceeding from a stop sign at E. Kiowa Avenue and Prospect Street on August 19 at 5:42 p.m. Released on summons.
•Kharleece Valencia, 21, Grand Junction, possession of drug paraphernalia at New Concept Inn on August 21 at 12:12 p.m. Open case.
Mustang II, Fort Morgan, reported theft, criminal mischief, 2nd degree trespassing (6 counts), 3rd degree trespassing at 17360 Highway 34 between 7 p.m. August 22 and 9 a.m. August 23. Open case.
•John Underwood, 59, Fort Morgan, reported third degree criminal trespass and theft at 127 S. West St. between 9:29 p.m. August 17 and 5:30 p.m. August 25. Missing is a 6 volt battery valued at $85. Open case.


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The Forex world is constantly evolving and during its weekly trading hours there is a wealth of news a trader must keep on top of if they want to make the most money possible. Indeed, because the market can be affected by a number of dynamics, it is essential they know exactly what's happening at all times in order to avoid any unprofitable deals.
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Knowing the value of each currency based on various internal and external factors is crucial and the reason why FXBrokerSearch.com's Forex news centre is a vital resource. Drawing on a number of resources, our information section provides the latest information and data from which users can refine their trading activity.
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By compiling all this current data into one portal we believe investors will be able to make even more money in the Forex market. Indeed, thanks to our dedicated team of analysts and experts, users can find out the latest market developments as well as the best deals in the industry. Putting all this together should help everyone gain a better understanding of the market, which in turn should give them the ability to make even more money.
The company raised prices by 13 percent in Latin America in the three months ended Dec.31, pushing down volumes by 4 percent. Colgate took a $1.08 billion charge in the quarte ..
Global investors cut their U.S. equity holdings and raised their cash levels in January, a Reuters poll of fund managers showed on Friday, as the S&P 500 (.SPX) suffered i ..
Whirlpool Corp forecast 2016 earnings largely below Wall Street estimates, and said unit shipments in Brazil would fall by 10 percent this year. The world's largest maker ..
Sony Corp , widely regarded as a key supplier of image sensors for Apple Inc's (AAPL.O) iPhones, said on Friday it was bracing for a slowdown in the premium smartphone ma ..
The Bank of Japan unexpectedly cut a benchmark interest rate below zero on Friday, stunning investors with another bold move to stimulate the economy as volatile markets and s ..
The Shanghai Composite Index closed up 3.1 percent, but it lost twice that over the week and 22.6 percent since the beginning of January, its worst month since October 2008, w ..
Toyota Motor Corp , the world's largest automaker, said it would buy out the rest of minivehicle unit Daihatsu Motor Co - an all-stock deal worth about $3 billion and par ..
Airbus said on Friday it had accepted the resignation of chief technical officer Jean Botti who will leave the planemaker in April after almost 10 years in the company. The pl ..
Japanese air bag maker Takata Corp (7312.T), mired in a long-running safety recall crisis, said on Friday its Chairman and CEO Shigehisa Takada had no intention as of now to r ..
British engineering company Rolls-Royce (RR.L) is cutting a few dozen senior management jobs, the latest move by its chief executive to revive a company reeling from low oil p ..
Risk Disclosure: fxBrokerSearch.com will not be held liable for any financial loss or damage caused by users acting upon any information contained within this website, not limited to and including: all numerical data, quotes, charts and buy/sell signals. Moreover, please be advised that Forex trading is one of the most volatile investment forms in the world and all trades should be placed with full consideration of the risks and costs.
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When power leads man toward arrogance; poetry reminds him of his limitations. When power narrows the area of man's concern; poetry reminds him of the richness and diversity of existence. When power corrupts; poetry cleanses.
Poetry is the one place where people can speak their original human mind. It is the outlet for people to say in public what is known in private.


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Michigan universities may lose funds for long contracts
Universities that approve contracts before right-to-work law goes into effect could lose some state aid
LANSING, Mich. – Michigan's public universities that approve extended contracts before the right-to-work law goes into effect March 28 could lose 15 percent in state aid under a bill headed to the House floor.
The bill passed 4-3 Tuesday by the House Higher Education Appropriations Subcommittee makes 15 percent of state funding contingent on requirements that employee contracts approved between Dec. 10 and March 28 show more than 10 percent in savings.
Republicans control the Legislature, which last year passed the law to bar unions from collecting mandatory fees from workers they represent.
The bill could cost Wayne State University $27 million this year. The university's governors are expected to vote Wednesday on a tentative 8-year faculty contract.
Opponents say universities should be free to renegotiate contracts before the law goes into effect.
Copyright 2013 by ClickOnDetroit.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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f) How do I care for my cake?
My cakes do not like being put in the refrigerator!
Once you have received the cake, you can store it in a cool, dry place and out of direct sunlight. You can refrigerate or freeze cakes once they have been cut to preserve them. If you would like to keep any decorations such as sugar flowers or figurines, remove them from the cake and store in a container preferably with some anti-moisture crystals.
Express your love with a personalized cake baked using Poulehouse eggs.
After all, nothing expresses love better than a freshly baked cake!
It sounds really crazy but since 2012 I have already broken 26842 eggs and baked more than 4.500 cakes, cookies, popcakes and cupcakes!!! And, obviously, this website is reflecting my hard work, isn't it?
I love to design and make cakes inspired by your imagination to create the story you want to communicate to your friends, family, loved ones, children, boss, colleagues and specials.
I create lovely cakes, well, I hope that's true. I also commemorate momentous occasions and wonders of life, joys and successes of my clients. I am there from the beginning, and I become part of the family, creating centerpieces for your most important celebrations: your wedding, your baby shower, your child's first birthday... My clients become part of my family, as I have grown my business since 2012 on repeat customers, calling me time after time to create beautiful and delicious cakes for all of their special occasions.
My passion for excellence on all levels is what differentiates me from my competitors, it is who I am, and it is what drives me to continue to develop and grow. With me, there is no surprise and no hidden fees. Everything is clear.
You're ready to experience the best cakes in Brussels? First, I would suggest to make your quote online using the calculator. If you need to discuss something in particular, please feel free to message me on +32 (0)483 69 09 63 and I can meet you at your home or at your office (or we can do everything by phone if you prefer). I do speak French, English and Spanish. We will discuss your cake project and let the magic begin.
Remember, planning is very important for baking and cake decorating. Translating the imagination into a beautiful and yummy cake takes time... I need a minimum of 5 days to make a customized cake as per your design. Before we meet, I would like to invite you to discover more than a thousand of cakes, cupcakes, cookies, macaroons, popcakes or even french patisserie that I already designed for my worldwide clients.


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Google has dropped one part of its wide-ranging patent-infringement battle against Apple, withdrawing a complaint to the U.S. International Trade Commission in which it had sought to block iPhones, iPads and iPod Touch models at the border.
Google's Motorola Mobility business filed the complaint on Aug. 18, alleging Apple had infringed seven patents for functions such as email notifications and media players. Motorola asked the ITC to outlaw the importation of Apple products that infringed the patents.
In the withdrawal filing, dated Monday, Motorola Mobility said it had not settled the dispute with Apple, and it asked to drop the complaint "without prejudice," meaning it could decide to pursue it again later.
The August complaint is just one of several cases in which Google is going up against Apple through the Motorola unit, which it finished acquiring in May. The companies are also battling in courts in the U.S. and Europe. In a separate case before the ITC, the commission ruled on Aug. 24 that Apple did not infringe three Motorola patents. It passed the question of a fourth patent on to an administrative law judge.
Stephen Lawson covers mobile, storage and networking technologies for The IDG News Service. Follow Stephen on Twitter at @sdlawsonmedia. Stephen's e-mail address is firstname.lastname@example.com


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USSCO is a federal credit union, which means that unlike for-profit financial institutions, we don't give our earnings to stockholders. We use our funds to improve our services and give our members the best loan and savings rates.
We're more than just a typical bank. USSCO can provide you with the same services as any other financial institution and offer you some of the best rates available. Think of USCCO for your checking account, ATM cards, credit cards, IRAs, mortgages, payroll deduction, direct deposit and more. Member savings are federally insured to at least $250,000 and backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government.
And, when you join USSCO, you become a part owner. In addition to receiving the best rates and financial services, you have a vote in deciding what services we provide and who sits on the volunteer board of directors.
Who can join?
Credit union membership is open to any employee of our 600 Select Employee Groups (SEGs) and their immediate family* and household members.
*An immediate family member is a spouse, child, sibling, parent, grandparent or grandchild
Our Routing Number: 231381569


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For the ultimate snow holiday experience stay at Kooloora Lodge!
For a winter escape or a snow adventure, Mounties Group's coolest holiday destination, Kooloora Lodge is located in Perisher Valley. Kooloora Lodge is ultra modern and conveniently located just 800 metres from the main chair lifts. Perfect for serious skiers, snowboarders and families looking for upmarket lodge style accommodation at an exceptional price, Kooloora Lodge offers a cost effective getaway in luxury.
Our lodge managers are waiting to welcome you into our warm and luxuriously appointed lodge where you will experience first class dining morning and night prepared by our in house chef which is all apart of your package.
With breath taking views of the Perisher range, you will experience being on snow from all parts of the lodge.
Our included over snow transfers will allow you to maximize your time on the slopes and get the most from your snow adventure.
Getting to Kooloora is easy, simply park at Bullocks Flat, then make your way to Perisher via the ski tube. Once you reach Perisher make your way to Hans Oversnow for your free transfer to Kooloora Lodge.
Alternatively, you can arrange a car transfer with our valet partner.
Call us today on 0298223519 to make your booking for a holiday of a lifetime. You'd better be quick, beds are filling fast and we're expecting an awesome snow season this year.


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The Julius Thruway (Interstate 226) is the orbital freeway system encircling Las Venturas, San Andreas in Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas. It is composed of four main elements, named according to their general placement in the city: in the North, East, West, and South, like a beltway. It is a four-lane recessed roadway with overpass exits at relatively evenly spaced intervals. It connects to the main highway servicing the southern ends of Tierra Robada and Bone County, to the highway servicing northwestern Las Venturas and Bone County, and to the major highway connecting Las Venturas with Los Santos. The only constituent of this freeway system that does not share the Julius Thruway designation is the Harry Gold Parkway, which runs through the center of Las Venturas, bisecting the city into western and eastern portions. The nature of the ring-road is such that, if the player is to travel by road alone, it is impossible to enter Las Venturas without traveling on it. Julius Thruway is named after Julius Rosenberg, an American-born communist and Soviet spy.
Julius Thruway North
The northern arm of the freeway connects to Julius Thruway West at the Pilson Intersection, and to Julius Thruway East and the Harry Gold Parkway. It provides service to K.A.C.C. Military Fuels and the Prickle Pine district. This also connects (at the Pilson Intersection) to the highway heading northwest out of Las Venturas toward Verdant Meadows. The word "north" in the name can be somewhat misleading though, since it does not provide any direct access to the northern areas of Las Venturas. The closest exits to these areas are the northernmost exits on the East and West sections.
Julius Thruway East
The eastern arm of the freeway, providing service to the Creek, Pilgrim, Linden Side and Old Venturas Strip districts, as well as the eastern portions of casinos such as The Camel's Toe, Come-A-Lot and Caligula's Palace. This connects to Julius Thruway North and South.
Julius Thruway West
The western arm of the freeway, providing service to Las Venturas Airport, Blackfield Stadium, and Greenglass College. This connects to Julius Thruway North at the Pilson Intersection and to Julius Thruway South at the Blackfield Intersection, where it also connects to the major highway servicing Bone County and Tierra Robada.
Julius Thruway South
The southern arm of the freeway, providing service to The Strip, Rockshore West, Rockshore East, Blackfield Chapel, and Randolph Industrial Estate. This connects to Julius Thruway East and the Harry Gold Parkway. At the Blackfield Intersection, it connects to Julius Thruway West and the major highway servicing Bone County and Tierra Robada.
Exits are measured starting from The Strip.
|The Strip
|North: The Strip
|3 way intersection
|Harry Gold Parkway
North: Harry Gold Parkway, Las Venturas Airport
South: Red County, Los Santos
|4 way intersection
|Blackfield Intersection
|West: Bone County via the Las Venturas Highway
|T-bone interchange
|Whitewood Estates - Redsands West
West: Whitewood Estates
East: Redsands West
|Diamond interchange
|Pilson Intersection
|West: Bone County
|T-bone interchange
|Harry Gold Parkway
|South: Redsands East, Las Venturas Airport
|Half trumpet interchange
|Pilgrim - Creek
West: Pilgrim, Roca Escalante, Old Venturas Strip
East: Creek
|Diamond interchange
|Pilgrim - Linden Station
West: Pilgrim
East: Linden Station
|Diamond interchange
|Rockshore West
North: Come-A-Lot
South: Rockshore West, Rockshore East
|Diamond interchange
- The Julius Thruway has a total length of 3.7 miles (5.95 kilometres).
- Police chatter says the Julius Thruway West vicinity was called Julius Thruway South for unknown reasons.


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Friday and Saturday, July 18 and 19, marked another milestone for Charlottesville's local music scene, as non-profit radio station 91.9 WNRN released its second compilation of the best local rock, hip-hop, bluegrass, folk, goth, pop, and metal with two back-to-back parties at Starr Hill and Plan 9 on the Corner.
Like the two-disc set, the two parties were split into a Roots show and Rock show. The Roots party at Starr Hill featured local non-distorted artists such as Nickeltown, Andy Waldeck (formerly of Earth to Andy), Jan Smith, Mando Mafia, Suffletown, Faster Than Walking, Halfgrassed, Brady Ernheart, Kathryn Caine, and the soon-to-be-famous Heather Berry and the Berrypickers. It was a little unfortunate to see all these artists giving their best (for free) to a blasé crowd sitting far, far away from the stage.
The next night at Plan 9, the best rockers in town put on an amazing show that, sadly, most of Charlottesville missed. Indi-Rockers All of Fifteen blasted through the first 40 minutes to a crowd of 30 or 40 head nodding 20-somethings. MC was WNRN DJ J.L. Gato, who moved frantically back and forth talking on the phone pumping the show to the radio station and keeping the volunteers busy checking IDs and guarding the entrances.
As the crowd swelled to a 150 or so (in a room that could hold 500 easily) Small Town Workers, Beetnix, and Navel cranked the dials to 11 and rocked/rapped their hearts out to grateful audience. In a rare Trax flashback, Navel broke into an old Egypt song "Look Up" and brought up the former bass player, Andy Waldeck, to lead the vocals. It was big rock the way it used to be.
Closing out the show was the most successful goth band in Charlottesville, Bella Morte. Despite a few technical difficulties at the beginning of their set, the crowd of loyal fans danced and head-banged the rest of the night away. An after-show party featuring Stroud and guest DJs topped off the whole occasion and brought some latecomers who just wanted to dance.


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The Night the Heat Went Off
I am not a criminal. Sure, I have broken a few laws - illegal u-turns, underage drinking, and my nasty habit of removing tags from mattresses. But I would never do anything that could land me in prison. I'm just not tough enough to survive. I complain when I get cold.
I thought I'd become tougher over the last few years. Traveling has forced me to live on little sleep, jet lag, and fast food. But instead of becoming tougher, I just get sick more often. I know I'm a wuss - it's my cross to bear. Though if I had an actual cross to bear, I'd probably complain a lot because of the wuss thing.
You really find out what you're made of when the chips are down, when push comes to shove, and when you run out of clichés. And in some circumstances, I have risen to the occasion. (See Kippur, Yom) But the night the heat went off is not one of them.
In February of 2003, I shared a tiny two bedroom apartment with two girls. No, I didn't sleep with either of them. One was a horrible person, and the other had a husband. It was someone else's husband, but it was still a husband.
Let's call the nicer one Allie and the meaner one Kate, because those are their actual names. Yes, I lived across the hall from Kate and Allie. The room next to Sanford and Son was taken.
Allie, despite the whole home wrecker thing, was a nice girl. She didn't know the guy was married when they started dating, which makes things more the guy's fault. Kate, on the other hand, was NOT a nice girl, and most other problems were HER fault. She was one of those people who told stories about a terrible fight, and everyone she told clearly knew she started it. And then she'd get upset when people wouldn't take her irrationally quick-to-anger side.
It was my turn not to get along with her. I really tried. I was always polite, paid my rent early, and didn't keep anything I owned in the common area. The common area was a kitchen/living room hybrid, known to me as my kitching room. Or her kitching room, because I didn't put any of my stuff there.
One day, the heat in our building stopped working, though the management company was nice enough to provide a space heater. One space heater. For a two bedroom apartment. In fairness, they may have figured the apartment was so damned small that one heater would be enough.
I ran the heater in my room the first night because Kate and Allie were on vacation. They were both back visiting their parents in Canada, which was probably warmer than my room. They were also looking into visas to stay in the United States - theirs had expired, and they were trying to figure out how to stay in America so Kate could fight with more people.
They arrived back in the apartment on day two, after I placed the heater in the kitching room so we could all share the warmth. I was out working, so they took the heater into their room. That's fair - they could heat their room enough so they could sleep, and then it'd be my turn. Or that's what would happen in a civilized living environment.
I got back from my last show at 3AM, when it was nine degrees outdoors and probably four degrees in my room. I walked in to the girls' room to get the heater. The girls' room, which was now about 90 degrees because they'd been running the heat so long.
I didn't realize that Kate had set a trap by wrapping the heater's cord around her wrist. It worked; she caught me blue-handed. Kate yelled at me to leave the heater with her and Allie, neither of whom were using their blankets because their room was so hot.
Not wanting to evoke the wrath of a wrathful person with lots of wrath, I layered up and went to sleep, wearing four sweatshirts, three pairs of jeans and socks, and a wool hat. It was a real pleasant evening. And the best part was when Kate woke me up a few hours later to yell at me some more.
I didn't want to write this column immediately because, as mad as I was at Kate, I didn't want to get her in any real trouble. After all, she was violating US law at the time and, though she should be punished, I don't imagine deportation to Canada or prison would have been appropriate.
Though it does get cold in both places.


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Hopkinsj54 necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 142 diseños de 29 diseñadores freelance.
Aztral Plane Entertainment
Aztral Plane Entertainment LLC was formed to create music for use in television, movies, video games and radio. We are a small music production company that creates custom tracks for clients. This logo is for our new website that we are about to launch. http://www.aztralplane.com Feel free to look around the site and listen to a few sample songs on the music page.
We intend to produce music for a wide variety of clients from video game developers to television shows to government agencies to music artist, basically where ever there is a need for music. Music audience may vary from children on up.
This logo will be used as the focal point of our new website (http://www.aztralplane.com). The logo will be centered on the home page (replacing the large "Aztral Plane" text). It will be shown at the top of the forum page. On the other pages it will be "faded" as part of the background so the text will be visible on top.
Note: When viewing the site note that the location of the links will be adjusted to accommodate the logo.
Here's what we need in our new logo:
1. Need an icon that represents what we do.
2. Logo needs to incorporate the company name "Aztral Plane Entertainment", or the initials "APE"
3. I'd like to see the logo incorporate a waveform, sound waves, equalizer, notes (free or on a bar staff), or sliders from a sound board.
4. Use a black background with whites, shades of grey, black, one color (red or blue or orange etc.) or any combination of those colors. The color choice can fade or have effects to it (like fading from orange to white) but dont use multiple colors (for example, one word in red and another in green)
5. Feel free to be creative in your designs and play on the name of the company or its initials.
Logo should scale easily for use on business cards and other promotional material.
I need the original source of the images. I strongly prefer adobe illustrator(ai) format for all images.
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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Oral-History:Milton Chaffee
About Milton A. Chaffee
Chaffee was an undergraduate at the University of California, Berkeley, working for Ernest Lawrence, and then he helped build x-ray tubes for cancer treatment. In 1942 he moved to the Rad Lab, working for Microwave Early Warnings (MEW), specializing in power supply. The group got a surveillance radar working by Spring 1943, and soon after brought over an MEW to Britain. They had trouble convincing the British (or the Americans) to use it, but after a while they succeeded, and even convinced them that it was superior to the previous British equipment. The MEW helped some at D-Day. Chaffee also helped install related equipment with armies on the continent.
About the Interview
MILTON A. CHAFFEE: An Interview Conducted by John Bryant, IEEE History Center, 12 June 1991
Interview # 091 for the IEEE History Center, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
Copyright Statement
This manuscript is being made available for research purposes only. All literary rights in the manuscript, including the right to publish, are reserved to the IEEE History Center. No part of the manuscript may be quoted for publication without the written permission of the Director of IEEE History Center.
Request for permission to quote for publication should be addressed to the IEEE History Center Oral History Program, IEEE History Center at Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA or email@example.com. It should include identification of the specific passages to be quoted, anticipated use of the passages, and identification of the user.
It is recommended that this oral history be cited as follows:
Milton A. Chaffee, an oral history conducted in 1991 by John Bryant, IEEE History Center, Hoboken, NJ, USA.
Interview: Milton A. Chaffee
Interviewer: John Bryant
Date: 12 June 1991
Location: Boston, Massachusetts
Educational Background and Early Career
I'm interviewing Milton A. Chaffee on the 12th of June 1991 as part of the Oral History Project of the IEEE Center for History and the History Committee. He has just shown me a photograph of me taken in July of 1945, when we took a driving trip down through Austria into Switzerland. He had visited our 12th TAC (tactical air command) Microwave Early Warning (MEW) radar site west of Munich. Mike, I wonder if we could start by getting you to describe some of your background. You had quite a long work experience before you joined the Radiation Laboratory.
Could you start with your interest in science or physics and what got you into this career?
I think that the reason I went to college was because of my mathematics teacher in high school. I liked mathematics, and I also took chemistry and physics in high school. That made me want to go to college. Although my parents did not have too much money, an uncle, who was a doctor, paid most of my way through college. I went to the University of California at Berkeley. I was very interested in doing things in electronics. I took an early course in physics. They called it "electronics." They talked about things that were the beginning of electronics. Electronics was very young at that time. At the university I became acquainted with Dr. Ernest Lawrence. I wanted to help him with what he was doing. He was new there in physics.
Was this the Ernest O. Lawrence at Radiation Laboratory?
Right. He was my star. He was explaining to me all the time, and he helped me a lot. I didn't do too well in some of my courses because I was interested in other parts of the courses — doing things rather than reading things. I did an experiment. My first experiment then was to see that the electrons, their directivity was in the direction of the E-bar vertical.
Was this in his experimental cyclotron?
Not in the cyclotron yet. Later on I did some of the work on the cyclotron. The first cyclotron was made from two Pyrex pie plates. It looked like it was feasible to do his scheme of generating very high voltage. But one of the students who was also there, had the same looking ahead that I had, of going into this. He devised a way in which he could produce very high voltage. One of Ernest Lawrence's friends died from cancer. He said, "Look, can't we make a high-voltage x-ray tube for medical purposes?"
To treat cancer.
This required a steel tank about 4 feet in diameter and 3 feet tall for a vacuum enclosure. Inside that we generated high-frequency inputs up to a million volts — x-rays. My job was to go build one in the University of California Hospital, which I did. I built it with help, of course. After it was built, I was the only one who knew how to run it. So I developed this thing for about two years, and also I was given the job to take care of the radon system, or radium. We used radon. We put them in little glass tubes, and the doctors took them. On top of that, I would look at: How can we protect? How much protection we can get around this tube? We found about 2 feet of hard cement — was equal to about an inch of lead for a wall. A room was built with 2 feet all the way around it. So it took care of all the radon and reduced it down to safe levels on the outside. And inside this door could close and patients were treated.
Recruitment to Radiation Lab
Then along came the war. Professor Lawrence was working on nuclear problems. I could have joined him, but some people at MIT who knew me asked me to go there. So I talked to Professor Lawrence about what I should do about this, and he gave me his thoughts and some advice. He said, "Well, what do you want?" And I said, "Well, look, I'd like to go to MIT." He said, "That's what you should do!"
When was that?
It was '42.
Who at MIT contacted you on this, do you remember?
I think Bill Voigt did because he used to go to Berkeley. I think he probably put my name in. Several people there knew me. Well, so I went to Radiation Lab. I met Luis Alvarez, who had come from California. He said, "I've got a job for you. I want you to get into the high-voltage that we're going to need for our radar." So this way I became a part of the MEW — Microwave Early Warnings.
Microwave Early Warnings (MEW) Group
Who was the project manager at the time?
I don't think we had any. I think we just built it. Curt Powers tried to ask me who it was when Alvarez left. There were four of us. I believe it was a man by the name of Mansur.
Larry Mansur?
Yes. And Bragg and other people. We got help from the antenna people. Alvarez sketched one that would work. I worked on the power supply. We developed it for 1,000 kilowatts peak power. We were told we couldn't do that. I just put more power in, and it took it. In terms, it worked very good. But then we had to improve the parts — we call them waveguides. The receiver group then built us a good receiver. Then we put it together. They put together the first one, a 20-foot long antenna, mounted on a pole so that we had no way to turn it. Larry Mansur and the other people pushed it around and pulled it back. But it was working.
Pushing it back and forth was just as good as turning it around because they were going to look out one way from the roof. Then Mr. Griggs did the engineering of the pedestal and the rotary. So we built a 25-foot antenna. He had it built from our diagrams. Up on the roof we could show that it was working quite well. We had airplanes flying down to the Cape and back. We got to the position where we wanted to test them. We went down to Tarpon Springs in Florida. The reason we went to Tarpon Springs was that we had to be outside of the borders of the Air Corps Tactical Air Command. They were hostile to MIT because they had one that was tested down there at Orlando, and it didn't work well at all.
Was it an MEW?
No, it wasn't MEW. It was just a surveillance radar.
Was it a microwave radar?
It was microwave, yes. A colonel running the place down there decided it just didn't work. The reason it didn't work was they put it up on a 100-foot hill, which is the highest point in Florida. The problem was is that they didn't have enough power to see an airplane radar beyond the ground clutter, so the ground clutter smeared it. He said to take it out, and he said, "They don't want you to come down here." So we went to Tarpon Springs because it was outside of their territory, and put it up. Soon after we got it operating, we called him and told him we had a radar over here and we think he'd like to see it. He said he'd come over. I said if you'll arrange when you're here to have some airplanes flying for us, we can demonstrate it. So he came over and sat down by the tubes. We knew airplanes were going over. After about ten minutes of watching that, he said, "I think you've got something here." He followed the whole thing, and he ended up by saying, "MIT has hit the jackpot!"
That must have been in 1943 sometime.
Spring of '43.
That was pretty fast work on your part to get that set together and down there.
Yes. We just built it. I can't say how we built it so fast, but everything seemed to come together. We were greatly gratified by some of the optics people, antenna people.
The antenna people, the receiver people, the transmitter people, the pedestal people all did a good job.
Well, we did the pedestal ourselves. Bragg did that for us. We copied another one. In fact, I think we copied much of the parts of the SCR-584. We modified it for our job, for steady rotation.
You had the GE amplidyne drive system, didn't you?
Well, we didn't have the amplidyne. Just a steady turn.
It didn't need to be tracked.
We couldn't go from 4 rpm to 6 rpm. We were all running at 6 rpm most of the time. It was arranged that we send one over to Europe. I was chosen to be the first to go over there.
Was the one in Tarpon Springs Serial No. 1?
Mission to England
That was the first one built. There was only one in existence then. But since we knew we were going to ship this over, they started building another one. I think we had four at the end. I went over to England, and I met the fellow in the embassy.
Was this the American Embassy in London?
Yes. He was my leader and directed me where to go. I first went to Strategic Air Command and talked to someone there about the radar to see if he could set it up and use it for his Strategic Command. But he didn't want it. He said, "We have plenty of air defense from British radars." They've got all the air defense they want. I tried to explain to him that ours would go further than that. But he was not interested. Then he said, "We're in the process of forming a tactical air command." They would need it, so we went down there. Unfortunately, the governor there said, "Look, we don't need it."
The Tactical Air Command said that, too?
They said that, too. They said, "We're not defense. We're offense." They were only interested in offense. But I tried to explain that we had things they could do with this thing on the offense. The reason that this was put together was that we wanted the British to stop shooting Americans, and the Americans to stop shooting the British. That's a little joke. But we did have a little problem. Some Canadians had some problems with their bombers from the British. And with our help they saved the Americans from fighting the British. I believe they got in touch with the people, and they told me about their air direction centers. They had two of these: one up north and one about. They said, "We'll put you on the one down south." That was Start Point. At first we had quite a few air controllers to be trained.
So this is a British air control center.
No, that's an air control center. There's nothing British or American. They used American radar and British helping train people to be air controllers.
Is this an MEW system?
Yes. That's right.
Where was the MEW located — south of England?
Start Point. That's lower down in England on the Channel.
When was this radar set up approximately?
We went over there in December of 1943.
So you got an MEW operational in England?
We were operational that January or February, 1944. We reported to the British Filter Center.
That's where the radars reported their data to.
All of them reported their data, right.
Are these controllers that direct the airplanes?
These people were working on their own set, their own British thing. I got to pick the people I wanted, and I just picked this guy Bicknell whom I liked very well. He was very excited about this thing. They assigned him to the radar here.
To the MEW?
The MEW, right. We were delayed a little bit in becoming operational because we were dependent upon the British promise of purging all their communications. They didn't have it in. But this little smart guy got a line over to an airfield in Plymouth. I don't remember the exact name, but it's near Plymouth. About the third day we were sitting in there, these people were training and showing them what to do — getting them acquainted. But on the radar it became a mass of airplanes, and it showed a big swarm of them. He reported to Plymouth Air Base that the Russians are coming at us. Russian bugs. They said, "Well, I don't think it's Russian. We're getting a May Day call from somebody." I said, "That's probably what they are." So Plymouth called them. We had no radios to do that. They said they needed help. I got this car and took General Meredith over about 15 miles. We got out there few minutes before they landed. There were 15 B-17s. They all landed and all hit the ground. In about two days I had a general from SAC coming down. He wanted these radars. I said he couldn't have it. The tactical guy came down, that was General Pete Quesada. He said, "Hey, we've got to have that!"
So the MEW sold itself by rescuing B-17s that were off course.
They saw it was worth something, and that it could work.
Was that in the spring of 1944?
Yes. It was set up there at the terminus of people; the high power. We stayed there, too. We didn't know at that time, but this was where the invasion place was going to be. We were right next to practice field. They were going to take off from there. This radar operated far better than the British. The British was a much lower frequency, 600 megacycles, something like that. We were up to 3,000 megacycles S-band. We ran many fighters across there. They kept us busy.
D-Day and Other Combat Support
You're talking about the D-Day preparations.
We didn't go across until June.
Did you cover the Normandy?
We covered the lower end of the gap.
Do you remember Ernest Pollard visiting the site at the time?
Pollard didn't stop, I don't believe.
Do you remember what serial number radar MEW that was in England?
That's the first one we built. We had no others at the time until we started showing people what we could do. Then they started building them. SAC immediately wanted one of them, and the British SAC wanted one.
Well, you eventually got one in the Mediterranean Theater and two in England. Were there two in England before the Normandy Invasion?
We had one in Corsica. Only Corsica. The second one was over there. It was there supposedly, but we didn't know at the time or why they picked that, but they had planned on an invasion into Southern France. It turned out they didn't need it. We took that out and brought it up and gave it to Quesada.
On the continent?
On the continent. We brought it up, and they took it across right away to be sure to have it in there.
Was one of these under the Eighth Air Force Strategic?
Then Nineteenth TAC had one in Holland.
They did a fancy job there.
We're looking at a lot of photographs here.
Oh, yes! This picture of an air missile, this is tactical, Strategic Air Force brought that. After the invasion took off, they moved over to Holland. Grayfriars, was the name of the place where they had a setup in England.
That was history-making work then, wasn't it?
Oh, yes.
The MEW had two transmitters, one for high and one for low beam. The beams were stacked up, one on top of the other. Then you eventually put them back to back to make it lower profile. Is this a photograph of a control center?
Yes. That's in a tent. Let me bring up one more thing: What happened during the invasion, we didn't really control, but we advised. Other officers were watching up there. High-up people were looking at what we were doing. When D-Day came, they cancelled a date and moved it up. Then the next date, the weather was still bad. We showed them what they could do watching the weather. About every five hours they had a change in the weather. We had a group of storms go by and then fair weather. Then a group of storms and fair weather. So it was historic that we could advise the Air Corps, both American and British. As they came down, we could say, "Look — One's coming down the hill within 15 minutes, it'll close down on you." Then as they'd go away, we'd call them within about 10 or 15 minutes to come on, to come back in. So we were able to have our airplanes in there in time and not when the weather closed down. In bad weather you can't do anything.
That was a new understanding for the Air Corps people.
Well, things just kept happening. For the technical side, our PPIs, as first came, were not very satisfactory. We got better ones that were 8-inch instead of 12 inches. Then we had a man attached to us from the group that built the indicators. He was one of the indicator people. He was a very smart guy. He advised. He did it over there for us. He was our PPI help.
The off-center PPI?
The off-center PPI. He also showed us how to beam a mapping. So this was a great advantage.
Did you install any of the systems that were on the continent?
No. There were other people that did that. I spent most of my time on things that we needed to improve, such as these indicators. When people ran into problems, I was called in. I was running the whole thing.
Was your title "project engineer"?
I really was the project engineer.
On the MEW?
Yes, on the MEW overseas.
- Audio File
- MP3 Audio
Play (091 - chaffee - clip 1.mp3)
Who was your immediate supervisor? Who did you report to in this case? Chaffee: We had a telephone and told people in other areas, this is what we need. Ed Snyder came over. He was essentially appointed. He was the one who did the weather thing and did all the work to get it going. He made a film of most of these invasions. I don't know what became of the film. It showed the weather thing. From there it ran itself. As soon as one came over, the people would give this to us. Wait a minute. We missed one step in this thing. This one we did, it started pouring, it didn't go immediately overwards. The buzz bombs were starting to follow it. I was called to a meeting about these buzz bombs. They call them divers. They got Ridenour in there, too. They discussed the problem and what to do. The buzz bombs were at about 25 launching areas across the English Channel. The Germans would use different ones different times. The first thing they wanted to do was to have radar where we could keep track of what they were doing there. The discussion was what radar should we use. The leader of this thing might have been Robert Watson-Watt. He was there, but I'm not sure who was leading this meeting. He asked the British how long it would take them to get a radar moved to overlook the Channel during the Normandy invasion. He said it'd take six months. They asked me how long would it take the Americans to bring that one up? I said, "Twenty-four hours." Of course the British people just collapsed. So I went back down to Start Point. They said, "Okay, we want you to start up there. We'll tell you on the way up." Well, we came part way up, and we rang. I had somebody to call. I said, "We're here. Where are we going?" They said, "We don't know yet." We got clear to Hastings, and over the cliff we just stopped there. They hadn't chosen yet, but I said, "Look, we're at Hastings. It's a good place." They said, "Okay, put it up there." So we put a radar up there. We only took two indicators. We stripped it down. But everything we needed was there. They had their own power; they brought power for it. At all our places they furnished power. At this meeting I was talking about, they asked the British guy, "What range can you get?" I can't remember what he said, but pretty good range. They asked me what I knew. I said I couldn't say. We'd have to do a cross section of the targets. But I do know we have about 30 percent more range than the British radars. I had a great time there. We reported to the . They said, "Well, look, keep track of how many divers are reported to the British, and how many for the Americans." One day several officers came out and visited us. He watched this, and he wanted to see it. These two people down on the PPIs were using the off-center so they didn't need directionals. And he said, "Do you have any divers?" "Yes. We've got one on the tube there. There's a diver right there. That's a diver." And the signal officer saw it and said, "Well, how do you know it's a diver?" "Because it came out of the pen." We had a smart kid telling him about this thing. They learned what to look at, and they were real good. So Sir Robert then got on the telephone to the filter center and said, "Do you have any divers?" "No, we don't have any." And he called them again. He didn't know what to say to them. They know he set the speed. He had no doubt it was a diver. He called them again, and they hadn't seen it. The third time they called them, he said, "You don't see them yet?" "No. We don't have any." About two minutes later, there was a terrific explosion. I told Sir Robert the one they were following was going to come over in a minute. But the thing went to pieces. They'd just flop about a quarter mile from the filter center. So Sir Robert called them up again. He heard it and said, "Have you got the diver on the board?" He said, "No. We missed it?" But then I said, "Look, that rule that you put on to have counted more than we have wasn't fair because they only counted a diver that the British identified." They were coming across, and they weren't seeing any. So Sir Robert was very pleased at what he saw here, being as good as it was. And very angry at the people there.
Serial No. 66
Could we switch to where I first met you in northern Alsace? You installed a Serial No. 66 for 12th Tactical Air Command. It was about March of 1945.
What TAC was it?
Twelfth TAC.
Oh, yes. We had the 29th, General Wayland, the 19th, General Quesada, and the 12th. I don't know whether I can separate what I knew about that or not because I was across all of them. All I remember of it was that each one got in. I saw they got in, but I left lots to Larry Mansur. He could tell people what to do, and they'd do it.
When you visited us down near Munich, who was the man with you when you came down there? I think he was on the staff of Radar Magazine.
I've been trying to think of his name, but I can't.
He was a civilian. I sent you a picture of your van, your truck, and he was the driver of it. Did I send you the picture?
Oh, yes, you did. Well, when I saw the picture, that's when I first started seeing in my mind now I can now remember. You were there, and we did things. But we did so many things, [Chuckling] and we didn't write anything down in the books.
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The judge who was set to preside over the trial of reputed gangster James "Whitey" Bulger was removed from the case Thursday by a federal appeals court that found his background as a former federal prosecutor could create the appearance of bias.
In a significant victory for the defense, the 1st U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that U.S. District Judge Richard Stearns must step down from the case.
Bulger's lawyers argued that Stearns should be removed because he was a federal prosecutor in Boston in the 1980s. At the time, Bulger was working as an FBI informant while allegedly committing crimes, including murder.
Bulger claims he received immunity for his crimes from Jeremiah O'Sullivan, another federal prosecutor who worked in the same office as Stearns. During testimony before Congress in 2002, O'Sullivan denied protecting Bulger from prosecution for violent crimes. He died in 2009.
In its ruling, the appeals court said it believes that Stearns - who twice rejected the defense request to step down - is sincere in his belief that he could be impartial at Bulger's trial.
But the court wrote, "it is clear that a reasonable person might question the judge's ability to preserve impartiality through the course of this prosecution and the likely rulings made necessary by the immunity claim."
The decision was written by retired U.S. Supreme Court Justice David Souter, who sits on the federal appeals court in Boston for three months each year.
Bulger, the 83-year-old former leader of the Winter Hill Gang, is awaiting trial on charges of playing a role in 19 murders. His trial was scheduled to begin June 6, but it was not clear if it will be postponed after it is assigned to a new judge.
In written rulings denying Bulger's motions to step down from the case, Stearns said there is no connection between his former position as chief of the criminal division of the U.S. attorney's office and the O'Sullivan-led organized crime strike force that worked on the Bulger investigation. Stearns also said he had no personal knowledge of the details of the strike force's investigation of Bulger.
Although the strike force operated separately from the U.S. attorney's office, O'Sullivan was an assistant U.S. attorney and acting U.S. attorney at the time when Bulger claims he gave him immunity. Stearns held a variety of supervisory positions in the office.
"Given the institutional ties described here, the reasonable person might well question whether a judge who bore supervisory responsibility for prosecutorial activities during some of the time at issue could suppress his inevitable feelings and remain impartial," the court wrote in its ruling.
U.S. Attorney Carmen Ortiz said prosecutors will continue to prepare for trial.
"We are hopeful that this opinion will not cause a delay, as it has always been our goal to try this case as soon as possible," Ortiz said in a statement. "The victims' families have waited long enough."
A spokeswoman for Ortiz said the U.S. Department of Justice will not appeal the ruling.
Bulger's role as a government informant became an embarrassment for the FBI when former agent John Connolly was convicted of tipping Bulger off that he was about to be indicted on racketeering charges. Bulger fled Boston after the tipoff in late 1994 and remained a fugitive for 16 years until he was captured in Santa Monica, Calif., in 2011.
Bulger's lawyers recently denied that Bulger was ever an FBI informant, but prosecutors say there are more than 700 pages of informant reports on Bulger in the FBI's files.
Earlier this month, Stearns denied Bulger's request to present evidence to the jury of his claim that O'Sullivan gave him immunity for crimes he committed in the future, including murder. Stearns called Bulger's contention that he had a license to kill "beyond the pale."
In their bid to remove Stearns, Bulger's lawyers also argued that they may call Stearns as a witness during the trial. They said they may also call FBI Director Robert Mueller III, a friend of Stearns who formerly worked in the Boston U.S. attorney's office.
The appeals court said there was no need for it to rule on that part of Bulger's argument because it has agreed to remove Stearns based on his work in the prosecutor's office.
Bulger's lawyers, J.W. Carney Jr. and Hank Brennan, declined to comment on Stearns' ruling. But they said they intend to present "direct and corroborating evidence" that Bulger received immunity and that "it was not because he was an informant."
"It has always been our intention to have James Bulger testify at trial and explain to the jurors how he operated for over twenty-five years in Boston without a single charge by federal prosecutors," they said in a statement.
"We intend to call all relevant witnesses, even if they are judges, a director of the FBI, and former United States attorneys."
Peter Elikann, a Boston defense attorney who is not involved in the Bulger case, said it is extremely unusual for an appeals court to remove a judge because the courts fear "judge-shopping," in which attorneys try to find a judge more sympathetic to their clients.
"In this case, it's absolutely justified," Elikann said. "This is absolutely not a knock on Judge Stearns and his reputation for fairness and impartiality. ... It's just considered a good idea that he leave simply for the appearance of impropriety even though he hasn't committed any impropriety."


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Archive for January 2010
Redesigned Visualizations
Lately, we have been seeing a high number of 'bad' visualizations in media. Over at Infosthetics, they even had a contest to identify the 'Most Ugly and Useless Infographic'. It was worth a few chuckles but it definitely made one realize the importance of effective data visualization. It is unfortunate that some people have to make decisions based on such visual representations.
More than just looking at bad visual representations, there seems to be an increasingly constructive trend of redesigning graphs/visualizations that seem to get very popular in media. I wholeheartedly support this endeavor and hope to see more. It is naturally easy to criticize other visualizations, but redesigning it to 'put your visualization where your mouth is' takes courage. Here are a few examples.
If you have seen any other interesting visualization critiques, please send them my way and I shall be happy to update this post.


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When the Canadian federal government decided earlier this year to delay plans to phase out inefficient light bulbs, it drew the ire of environmental groups who argued the delay was unnecessary and would further set back the government's already weak emissions-reduction strategy. The Pembina Institute, for example, said the two-year delay — from Jan 1, 2012 to Jan 1, 2014 — would negate 13 million of avoidable greenhouse gas emissions and potentially $300 million in permanent energy savings.
Fortunately, the provinces can do their own thing. As of Jan. 1, 2010, for example, retailers in British Columbia have been prohibited from restocking 75-watt and 100-watt incandescent bulbs. It was also assumed that Ontario would follow through with a similar commitment beginning Jan. 1, 2012, but there's a strong possibility the government will backtrack at the 11th hour.
I was curious about the status of the planned phaseout, so put in a query to the Ontario Ministry of Energy. Here was the initial reply: "Following the decision by the federal government, Ontario is reviewing its options to proceed with proposed efficiency standards for general service lighting," wrote spokesman Paul Gerard in an e-mailed reply. I asked whether the review would continue into next year, meaning the government would miss the Jan. 1 start date of the phaseout. "The outcome of the review will be announced very shortly, before the new year," Gerard replied.
I'm not expecting good news — you never get good news during the holiday season. It may be that the province will stick to its guns and follows through, but I'm getting the feeling they won't given the fact that, just today, U.S. Congress succeeded in neutering its own country's 2012 light bulb phaseout by preventing the U.S. Department of Energy from enforcing the law, as detailed in the Energy and Independence Security Act 2007.
That would be a tremendous shame, making one question whether Ontario — despite the rhetoric — is taking the issue of greenhouse-gas reductions seriously. It would also further tarnish Canada's already lackluster reputation on the climate file in the aftermath of climate talks in Durban, South Africa. At a time when we should be adding to our efforts, it seems we're instead backtracking on previous commitments, including delaying our participation in the Western Climate Initiative (fortunately Quebec is following through). The momentum is in the wrong direction, and this is alarming. Perhaps some public pressure is needed over the next few days to convince Ontario to stick with its guns and start the light bulb phaseout Jan. 1, as planned.
Let's be clear, this isn't about banning incandescent bulbs — this is about bulb efficiency, where compact fluorescent bulbs and LED bulbs have the advantage. But there have been innovations around incandescent technology as well. As Steven Nadel, executive director of the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, pointed out today, "five manufacturers are now producing and selling efficient incandescent bulbs that meet the standards." In the U.S. context law-abiding companies will still follow the rule. "Less scrupulous companies will take advantage of the lack of enforcement, selling products that waste energy and increase energy costs for consumers. If many manufacturers take advantage of the lack of enforcement, recent investments that these five manufacturers have made to produce efficient lamps could be undermined."
Ontario needs to consider this as well. Many companies have made business decisions based on the expectation of a phaseout starting Jan. 1. Companies such as Sears Canada and IKEA have already stopped selling (inefficient) incandescent bulbs, proving that the time is right to follow through. There's no justification for putting on the brakes now. Indeed, by forging ahead Ontario can stand out as a leader and not fall under the shadow of a federal government that's more concerned about short-term economic gain than the long-term health of our economy and environment.
So what path will you choose, Mr. McGuinty?