text:
Biblical Commission Report Can Women Be Priests?
from Women Priests, Arlene Swidler & Leonard
Swidler (eds.), Paulist Press 1977, pp. 338-346.
Republished on our website
with the necessary permissions
The Pontifical Biblical Commission was asked to study the role of women in the Bible in the course of research being carried out to determine the place that can be given to women today in the church.
The question for which an answer is especially sought is whether or not women can be ordained to the priestly ministry (especially as ministers of the eucharist and as leaders of the Christian community). In making this biblical inquiry, one must keep in mind the limits of such a study.
1. In general the role of women does not constitute the principal subject of biblical texts. One has to rely often on information given here and there. The situation of women in the biblical era was probably more or less favorable judging from the limited data that we have at our disposal.
2. The question asked touches on the priesthood, the celebrant of the eucharist and the leader of the local community. This is a way of looking at things which is somewhat foreign to the Bible.
A) Surely the New Testament speaks of the Christian people as a priestly people (1 Peter 2, 5.9; Apoc.1, 6; 5, 10). It describes that certain members of this people accomplish a priestly and sacrificial ministry (1 Peter 2, 5.12; Rom 12, 1; 15, 16; Phil 2, 17). However it never uses the technical terms hiereus for the Christian ministry. A fortiori it never places hiereus in relationship with the eucharist.
B) The New Testament says very little on the subject of the ministry of the eucharist. Luke 22, 19 orders the apostles to celebrate the eucharist in memory of Jesus (cf. 1 Cor 11, 24). Acts 20, 11 shows also that Paul broke the bread (see also Acts 27, 35).
C) The pastoral epistles which give us the most detailed picture of the leaders of the local community (episkopos and prebyteroi), never attribute to them a eucharistic function.
3. Beyond these difficulties resulting from a study of the biblical data from the perspective of a later conception of the eucharistic priesthood, it is necessary to keep in mind that this conception itself is now placed in question as one can see in the more recent declarations of the magisterium which broaden the concept of priesthood beyond that of eucharistic ministry.
(1) "In the Beginning."
In Genesis, the "beginning" serves less to present the beginning of history than the fundamental plan of God for mankind. In Genesis 1, man and woman are called together to be the image of God (Gen. 1, 26f ) on equal terms and in a community of life. It is in common that they receive rule over the world. Their vocation gives a new meaning to the sexuality that man possesses as the animals do.
In Gen. 2, man and woman are placed on equal terms: woman is for man a "helper who is his partner" (2, 18), and by community in love they become "the two of them one body" (2, 24). This union includes the vocation of the couple to fruitfulness but it is not reduced to that.
Between this ideal and the historical reality of the human race, sin has introduced a considerable gap. The couple's existence is wounded in its very foundations: love is degraded by covetousness and domination (3, 16). The woman endures pains in her condition as mother which nevertheless put her closely in contact with the mystery of life. The social degradation of her condition is also related to this wound, manifested by polygamy (cf. Gen. 4), divorce, slavery, etc. She is nevertheless the depository of a promise of salvation made to her descendants.
It is noteworthy that the ideal of Gen. 1 and 2 remained present in the thought of Israel like a horizon of hope: it is found again explicitly in the book of Tobias.
(2) The Symbolism of the Sexes in the Old Testament
The Old Testament excluded the sexual symbolism used in Eastern mythologies, in relation to the fertility cults: there is no sexuality in the God of Israel. But very early, the biblical tradition borrowed traits from the family structure to trace pictures of God the Father. Then also it had recourse to the image of the spouse to work out a very lofty concept of the God of the covenant.
In correlation with these two fundamental images, the prophets gave value to the dignity of women by representing the people of God with the help of feminine symbols of the wife (in relation to God) and of the mother (in relation to the human partners of the covenant, men and women). These symbols were used particularly to evoke in advance the eschatological covenant in which God is to realize his plan in its fullness.
(3) The Teachings of Jesus
Considering the social and cultural milieu in which Jesus lived, his teaching and behavior with regard to women are striking in their newness. We leave aside here his behavior (cf. the following reports). Questioned about divorce by the Pharisees (Mk. 10, 1-12), Jesus moves away from the rabbinic casuistry that, on the basis of Deut. 24, 1, discriminated between the respective rights of men and women.
Reminding the Pharisees of the original plan of God (Gen. 1, 27 and 2, 24), he shows his intention of establishing here below a state of things that realizes the plan fully: the reign of God, inaugurated by his preaching and his presence, brings with it a full restoration of feminine dignity. But it brings also a surpassing of the ancient juridical structures in which repudiation showed the failure of marriage "by reason of the hardness of hearts." It is in this perspective that the practice of celibacy "for the sake of the kingdom of God" (Matt. 19, 12), for himself and for those "to whom it is given" (19, 11) is understood. His attitude toward women should be examined from that point of departure.
Thus Jesus inaugurates in the framework of the present world the order of things that constitutes the final horizon of the kingdom of God: that order will result, in "a new heaven and a new earth," in a state in which the risen will no longer need to exercise their sexuality (Matt. 21, 31). Consequently, to represent the joy of the kingdom of heaven, Jesus can properly use the image of the virgins called to the wedding feast of the bridegroom (Matt. 25, 1-10).
(4) From the Mother of Jesus to the Church
Considering the historical existence of Jesus, son of God sent into the world (Gal. 4, 4 etc.), one might take a look at his beginnings.
The evangelists, Matthew and especially Luke, have made clear the irreplaceable role of his mother Mary. The value proper to femininity that the Old Testament presented are recapitulated in her, so that she accomplishes her unique role in the plan of God. But in the very accomplishment of this maternal role, she anticipates the reality of the new covenant of which her son will be the mediator. In fact she is the first one called to a faith that concerns her son (Luke 1, 42) and to an obedience in which she "listens to the word of God and puts it into practice" (Luke 11, 28, cf. 1, 38).
Moreover, the Spirit who brings about in her the conception of Jesus (Luke 1, 35, Matt. 1, 18) will make a new people spring up in history on the day of Pentecost (Acts 2). Her historic role is therefore linked to a resumption of the feminine symbolism used to evoke the new people: from then on, the church is "our mother" (Gal. 4, 20). At the end of time, it will be the "spouse of the Lamb" (Apoc. 21). It is by reason of this relationship between Mary, concrete woman, and the church, symbolic woman, that in Apoc.12 the new humanity rescued from the power of sin and death can be presented as giving birth to Christ, her first born (Apoc.12, 4-15), expecting to have as posterity "those who keep the word of God and have the testimony of Jesus."
5 Woman in the Church
Nuptial symbolism is specifically taken up again by St. Paul to evoke the mystery of Christ and his church (Eph. 5, 22-33). But it is first of all the relationship between Christ and the church, his body, which casts light on the reality forming the basis for Paul's approach.
Despite an institutional framework which implies the submission of women to their husbands (cf. Eph. 5, 22; Col. 3, 18; 1Pt. 3, 1), Paul reverses the perspective to emphasize their mutual submission (Eph. 5, 21) and love (5, 25.33) for which Christ's love is the source and model: charity (cf. 1Cor. 13) becomes the measure of conjugal love. It is through it that the "original perfection" (that is to say the fullness of the plan of God for the human couple) can be attained (cf. Eph. 5, 31 citing Gen. 2, 24). That supposes between man and woman not only an equality of rights and duties explicitly affirmed (1Cor. 7, 3-4), but also an equality in adoptive sonship (Gal. 3, 28, 2Cor. 6, 18) and in the reception of the Spirit who brings about participation in the life of the church (cf. Acts 2, 17-18).
Marriage, having thus received its full meaning, thanks to its symbolic relationship with the mystery of Christ and the church (Eph. 5, 32), can regain also its indissoluble solidity (1 Cor. 7, 10-12; cf. Luke 16, 18).
At the heart of a sinful world, maternity has a saving value (1 Tim. 2, 15). Outside conjugal life, the church grants a place of honor to consecrated widowhood (1Tim. 5, 3) and it recognizes in virginity the possible meaning of eschatological witness (1Cor 7, 25-26) and of a more complete freedom to consecrate oneself to "the business of the Lord" (1 Cor. 7, 32ff.). Such is the background against which theological reflection on the place and function of women in society and in the church takes place.
I. The Bible, especially the New Testament, teaches very clearly the equality of man and woman in the spiritual domain (relationships with God) and in the moral area (relationships with other human beings). But the problem of the social condition of woman is a sociological problem that must be treated as such:
1. In terms of the laws of sociology: physical and psychosomatic data of feminine behavior in an earthly society;
2. In terms of the history of the societies in which the people of God lived during and after the composition of the Bible;
3. In terms of the laws of the church of Christ, his body, whose members live an ecclesial life under the direction of a magisterium instituted by Christ, while belonging to other societies and states.
II. The biblical experience shows that the social condition of woman has varied, but not in a linear manner as if there were continual progress. Ancient Egypt experienced a real flourishing of woman before the existence of Israel. The Israelite woman experienced a certain flourishing under the monarchy, then her condition became subordinate once more. In the time of Christ the status of woman appears, in Jewish society, inferior to what it is in GrecoRoman society where their lack of legal status is in the process of disappearing and in which "women handle their business themselves" (Gaius).
In relation to his contemporaries, Christ has a very original attitude with regard to woman which gives renewed value to her situation.
III. Christian society is established on a basis other than that of Jewish society. It is founded on the cornerstone of the risen Christ and is built upon Peter in collegiality with the twelve. According to the witness of the New Testament, especially the Pauline epistles, women are associated with the different charismatic ministries (diaconies) of the church (1Cor. 12, 4; 1Tim. 3, 11, cf. 8): prophecy, service, probably even apostolate . . . without, nevertheless, being of the twelve. They have a place in the liturgy at least as prophetesses (1Cor. 11, 4). But according to the Pauline corpus (1Cor. 14, 33-35; cf. 1Tim. 2, 6-15) an apostle such as Paul can withdraw the word from them.
This Christian society lives not only on the government of the twelve who are called apostles in Luke and elsewhere in the New Testament, but also on the liturgical sacramental life in which Christ communicates his spirit as high priest no longer according to Aaron but according to Melchisedech, king and priest (Heb. 8; cf. Ps. 110).
Sociologically speaking, in Jewish society, therefore for Christians until the break, the consecrated priesthood of Aaron (Lev. 9) assured an authentic liturgical and sacrificial life in the temple of stone. But Christ is the true high priest and the true temple (John 2, 21). He was consecrated and sent (hagiazein, apostellein) by the Father (Jn. 10, 26), and he consecrates himself in order to consecrate the apostles in the truth that he himself is (Jn. 17, 17.19). It is a fundamental characteristic of the society that is the church in the midst of other societies, that it dispenses eternal life through its own liturgy.
IV. The problem is to know whether in Christian society ruled by the apostles - the twelve, Paul, Titus, Timothy - and by their successors (bishops, presbyters, higoumenes) women can be called to participate in this liturgical ministry and in the direction of local communities, as the queens of the Old Testament, especially widows, were called to participate in the royal functions of anointed kings. In fact in the New Testament no text formally supports this hypothesis, even though one may note the role of widows in the pastoral epistles (1Tim. 5) and what Luke says of Anna in the Temple (latreuein). This study is no longer a matter of sociology, but of the labors of our third section (condition of woman in cult).
Old Testament
In the Old Testament, the Yahwist religion was not reserved to men alone, as is said elsewhere. Women as well as men could have sacrifices offered, participate in worship. Nevertheless, contrary to the customs of the contemporary pagan peoples, the worship of the second temple was exclusively reserved to men of the tribe of Levi (not only the function of priests, but also that of cantor, potter, etc.).
Moreover, there are women who bore the name of prophetess (Maria, Deborah, Huldam, Noiada), while not playing the role of the great prophets. Other women exercised an important function for the salvation of the people of God at critical moments of this people's history (for example, Judith, Esther) (cf. section 2).
(Amendment of Father Wambacq:) "In the Old Testament, the Yahwist religion was not a religion in which women were excluded, as is sometimes held. Women as well as men could participate in worship. Contrary to the usages of the contemporary pagan peoples, the official exercise of the temple worship was reserved to men, in the second temple to those of the tribe of Levi."
In striking contast to the contemporary usages of the Jewish world, we see Jesus surrounding himself with women who follow him and serve him (Luke 8, 2-3). Mary of Bethany is even described as the examplary disciple "listening to the word" (Luke 10, 38-42). It is the women who are charged with announcing the resurrection "to the apostles and to Peter." (Mark 16, 7).
The fourth gospel stresses this role of witness attributed to women: the Samaritan woman, whose mere conversation with Jesus had astonished the apostles, goes carrying her witness to Jesus to her fellow citizens. After the resurrection, the evangelist emphasizes the role of Mary Magdalene whom tradition will call "the apostle of the apostles."
As Christianity spread, women took a notable part. That again distinguished the new religion sharply from contemporary Judaism.
Some women collaborated in the properly apostolic work. This is shown at numerous points in the Acts and the epistles. We shall limit ourselves to a few of them.
In the establishment of local communities, they are not content with offering their houses for meetings, as Lydia (Acts 16, 14-15), the mother of Mark (Acts 12, 12), Prisca (Rom. 16, 5), but, according to Phil. 4, 2, for example, Evodia and Syntyche are explicitly associated with "Clement and the other collaborators of Paul" in the community. Of the 27 persons thanked or greeted by Paul in the last chapter of the Epistle to the Romans, nine or perhaps 10 are women. In the case of several of them, Paul insists on specifying that they have tired themselves for the community, using a Greek verb (kopian) most often used for the work of evangelization properly so called.
The case of Prisca and her husband Aquila whom Paul calls "his collaborators in Christ" and of whom he says that "to them are indebted not only himself but all the churches of the Gentiles" (Rom. 16, 3-4), shows us concretely an example of this "collaboration": their role in the story of Appollo is well known (Acts 18, 24-28).
Paul mentions explicitly a woman as "deacon" (diaconos) of the church of Cenchrees, who "was also," he says, "for many Christians and for himself a protectress" (Rom. 16, 1-2). In the pastoral epistles, the women indicated after the bishops and the deacons probably had a status of diaconos (1 Tim. 3, 11). Also notable is the case of Junias or Junio, placed in the rank of the apostles (Rom. 16, 7), with regard to whom one or another raises the question of whether it is a man.
(1) The Ministry of Leadership According to Jesus and the Apostolic Church
In establishing the kingdom of God, Jesus, during his ministry, chose a group of 12 men who, after the fashion of the 12 patriarchs of the Old Testament, would be the leaders of the renewed people of God (Mk. 3:14-19); these men whom he destined to "sit upon twelve thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel" (Mt. 19:28) were first sent to "proclaim that the kingdom of heaven is at hand" (Mt. 10:7).
After his death and resurrection, Christ confided to his apostles the mission of evangelizing all nations (Mt. 28:19, Mk 16:5). These men would become his witnesses, beginning at Jerusalem and reaching to the ends of the earth (Acts 1:8, Lk. 24:47). "As my Father sent me," he told them, "I also send you" (Jn. 20:21).
Upon leaving the earth to return to his Father, he also delegated to a group of men whom he had chosen the responsibility to develop the kingdom of God and the authority to govern the church. The apostolic group thus established by the Lord appeared thus, by the testimony of the New Testament, as the basis of a community which has continued the work of Christ, charged to communicate to humanity the fruits of his salvation.
As a matter of fact, we see in the Acts of the Apostles and the epistles that the first communities were always directed by men exercising the apostolic power.
The Acts of the Apostles show that the first Christian community of Jerusalem knew only one ministry of leadership, which was that of the apostles: this was the urministerioum from which all the others derived. It seems that, very early, the Greek community received its own structure, presided over by the college of seven (Acts 6:5). A little later there was a question for the Jewish group about a college of presbyters (ibid. 11:30). The church at Antioch was presided over by a group of "five prophets and teachers" (ibid. 13:1). At the end of their first missionary journey, Paul and Barnabas installed presbyters in the newly founded churches (ibid. 14:23).
There were also presbyters at Ephesus (ibid., 20:17), to whom were given the name of bishop (ibid. 20:28).
The epistles confirm the same picture: There are proistamenoi in 1 Thess. 5:12 (cf. 1Tim. 5:17 "hoi kalos proetotes presbyteroi"), of Christian presbytery (1Tim. 5:1, 2, 17, 19; Titus 1, 5; James 5, 4; 1Pet. 5:1, 5), of episkopoi, of hegoumenoi (Heb. 13:7, 13, 24. cf. Lk. 22:26).
1Cor. 16:16 recommends "submission" to Christians regarding those of the "house of Stephanas" who were sent for the service of the saints.
Whatever this last designation may be, (verse 17 speaks of Stephanas, Fortunatus and Achaikos), all that we can know of those who held a role of leadership in the communities leads to the conclusion that this role was always held by men (in conformity with the Jewish custom). (N.B. The presbytides mentioned in Titus 2:3 were elderly women, and not priestesses.)
The masculine character of the hierarchical order which has structured the church since its beginning thus seems attested to by scripture in an undeniable way. Must we conclude that this rule must be valid forever in the church?
We must however recall that according to the gospels, the Acts and St. Paul, certain women made a positive collaboration in service to the Christian communities.
Yet one question still always be asked: What is the normative value which should be accorded to the practice of the Christian communities of the first centuries?
(2) The Ministry of Leadership and the Sacramental Economy
One of the essential elements of the church's life is the sacramental economy which gives the life of Christ to the faithful. The administration of this economy has been entrusted to the church for which the hierarchy is responsible.
Thus the question is raised about the relationship between the sacramental economy and the hierarchy.
In the New Testament the primordial role of the leaders of the communities seems always to lie in the field of preaching and teaching. These are the people who have the responsibility of keeping the communities in line with the faith of the apostles.
No text defines their charge in terms of a special power permitting them to carry out the eucharistic rite or to reconcile sinners.
But given the relationship between the sacramental economy and the hierarchy, the administration of the sacraments should not be exercised independently of this hierarchy. It is therefore within the duties of the leadership of the community that we must consider the issue of eucharistic and penitential ministry.
In fact there is no proof that these ministries were entrusted to women at the time of the New Testament. Two texts (1Cor. 14:33-35 and 1Tim. 2:11-15) forbid women to speak and to teach in assemblies. However, without mentioning doubts raised by some about their Pauline authenticity, it is possible that they refer only to certain concrete situations and abuses. It is possible that certain other situations call on the church to assign to women the role of teaching which these two passages deny them and which constitute a function belonging to the leadership.
Is it possible that certain circumstances can come about which call on the church to entrust in the same way to certain women some sacramental ministries?
This has been the case with baptism which, though entrusted to the apostles (Mt. 28:19 and Mk. 16:15f) can be administered by others as well. We know that at least later, it will be entrusted also to women.
Is it possible that we will come to this even with the ministry of eucharist and reconciliation which manifest eminently the service of the priesthood of Christ carried out by the leaders of the community?
It does not seem that the New Testament by itself alone will permit us to settle in a clear way and once and for all the problem of the possible accession of women to the presbyterate.
However, some think that in the scriptures there are sufficient indications to exclude this possibility, considering that the sacraments of eucharist and reconciliation have a special link with the person of Christ and therefore with the male hierarchy, as borne out by the New Testament.
Others, on the contrary, wonder if the church hierarchy, entrusted with the sacramental economy, would be able to entrust the ministries of eucharist and reconciliation to women in light of circumstances, without going against Christ's original intentions.
For the votes of the Commission, see above, p. 25. [The voting is reported on in detail by John R. Donahue.]
President: Franjo Cardinal Seper, Prefect of the Sacred Congregation For the Doctrine of the Faith
Secretary: Msgr. Albert Deschamps, Titular Bishop of Tunis
Members: Rev. Jose Alonso-Diaz, SJ
Rev. Jean-Dominique Barthelemy, OP
Rev. Pierre Benoit, OP
Rev. Raymond Brown, PSS
Rev. Henri Cazelles, PSS
Msgr. Alfons Deissler
Rev. Ignace de la Pitterie, SJ
Rev. Jacques Dupont, OSB
Msgr. Savatore Garofalo
Rev. Joachim Gnilka
Rev. Pierre Grelot
Rev. Alexander Kerrigan, OFM
Rev. Lucien Legrand, MEP
Rev. Stanislas Lyonnet, SJ
Rev. Carlo Martini, SJ
Rev. Antonio Moreno Casamitjana
Rev. Ceslas Spicq, OP
Rev. David Stanley, SJ
Rev. Benjamin Wambacq, OPraem
Technical Secretary: Rev. Marino Maccarelli, OSM
1. Annuario Pontificio, 1977, p. 1073.
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Classes are currently being taught online. All physical facilities are closed to the public at this time, and employees are working remotely.Please visit
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find contact information for various departments.If you need additional assistance, please visit
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This article appeared in an April 2017 issue of the student
By Debra Dennis
Jai Atkins left a promising career as a flight attendant to start her work life over. Shunning the airline's management program, she decided to pursue her long-held dream of working in the medical field.
Last year, she enrolled in the Dallas County Community College District's surgical technology program at El Centro College. Atkins is crafting her skills at the school's mock surgical suite located in the Allied Health and Nursing Building.
"I spent nearly 20 years as a flight attendant, and I wanted something different," said Atkins, who expects to finish her courses in June. "The health care field has always interested me. I didn't want to do nursing, per se. I want to be in health care but also to be proactive in a different way."
Surgical technology, she said, provided that option. Atkins was drawn to the field partly because of the mercurial nature of surgeries.
"If you're part of the medical field, you have to be adaptive," Atkins said. "No day is ever the same. No hour is the same. It's quite similar to aviation. You have sequences. There is an order in how things are going to be done. You may start doing one type of surgery, and your duties can change during that surgery. You always have to be ready."
Assisting and caring for patients is one of the most essential parts of an operation. Also called scrub techs or operating room techs, surgical technologists are essential to the delivery of safe, surgical care. Their duties vary and may include transporting patients to and from surgery.
"Safety is critical in any surgery, and you have to be aware that there sometimes are unforeseen circumstances," Atkins said. "So you adjust. You're trained, and you rely on your training."
Preparation ensures that operations run smoothly. Surgical technicians maintain a sterile environment, pass instruments and supplies to surgeons, and are responsible for patient safety. Surgeons and other staff members depend on them to count sponges and keep track of instruments, supplies and other equipment used in the operating room.
Serving others has always been at the forefront of Natali Estrada's goals. She left a career at a private day care center to pursue surgical technology.
Her parents pushed her toward nursing, a field she wasn't convinced would suit her.
"At first I thought: this is hard. But after a while, you don't get dizzy. You get used to the butterflies in your stomach, and you remember that this is about your patient," said Estrada, who also finishes her courses in June. "And then you see it as rewarding. You're actually making an impact."
"I love helping people, and this seems like a good career," added Estrada, who worked with children before she enrolled in El Centro's surgical technology program.
Dressed in scrubs with hair and faces covered, students take part in mock learning sessions at El Centro's nursing lab. Blades, sutures and hypodermic needles are routinely passed among them as they rehearse drills.
The training is repetitious but vital, said fellow student Lisa Sagnibene. "You can't be turned off by body fluids," she said. "Any surgery can go from mundane to manic."
Trained surgical technologists are tasked with a multitude of assignments – all designed to give optimum care before, during and after a medical procedure. They prepare operating rooms, get patients ready for surgery, count supplies – including sponges and instruments – and they maintain a sterile work area.
The work is intense, said Belinda Allen, who oversees the surgical technology program at El Centro. This career field places its graduates in environments where they work next to surgeons, registered nurses and anesthesiologists.
Students learn critical thinking skills and time management; they become a valued member of a surgical team. Allen boasts that her students are quick, observant and love details. She hopes that her eight students, all on track to graduate in a few months, will become part of a focused and dedicated workforce.
Surgical technologists are skilled at making sure medical procedures are accomplished under ideal conditions or with optimum competency. They are an integral part of any surgical team and must prepare for anything unforeseen.
Hospital training ensures that students get a feel for the rigors of the job, Allen said.
"Surgeries can last 30 minutes or eight or 10 hours," Allen explained. "You can't focus on the clock. You have to be prepared, professional and, of course, pay attention. The doctors are not looking up to see which instrument you're putting in their hands. You have to know, and they trust you to know."
Technologists can work part time or full time. And some are roving workers, which means that they can work at more than one medical facility, Allen said. "Surgery is surgery. You just have to learn a new environment. The point is, it's a team effort. Doctors and nurses depend on them to be knowledgeable, confident and adaptable," she added.
The pay is steady, and the job outlook remains positive through 2017. Workforce Solutions of Greater Dallas project 1,500 job openings in the field through the year.
Workers may be called on to work nights, weekends and holidays or double shifts. The demand for workers in this field is expected to grow 15% through 2024 to accommodate an aging population that requires more surgeries, according to the U.S. Department of Labor. The average salary is about $21.31 per hour or $44,330 annually.
In addition to training at El Centro's nursing lab, students work under supervision in local hospitals where they get first-hand experience. Most surgical technologists work in hospitals; others are employed in outpatient facilities and at doctor's offices.
"We tell them: Every day you're in the hospital is like a day you're interviewing for a job. Once the staff gets to know you and they see what you can do, they will trust you," Allen said. El Centro is the only DCCCD college which offers an associate degree in the field.
For more information, contact the El Centro College Center for Allied Health and Nursing – located at 301 N. Market St. at Pacific in downtown Dallas – at 972-860-5001 or 972-860-5002; or contact Belinda Allen at either email@example.com
or at 972-860-5047.
Students Jai Atkins and Natalie Estrada practice techniques in El Centro's nursing lab.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
I know what you are thinking. And, believe me, I thought it too. For starters, my blog title is a bit cliche (and lame-o). But, if you can move past that, it's hard NOT to notice the signs of spring all around us: Birds chirping their brains out at 6am and prematurely waking me up; trees budding; tulips beginning to push up through the ground; grass turning green, consistent 50-60 degree weather and the lovely April rain showers that produce May flowers.
With Spring in the air, I'm hard pressed not to think about the one thing I dislike that is associated with the Spring season. The dreaded "SPRING CLEANING / TO-DO LIST". Yes, I said it. Shame on me. And shame on us for trying to ignore all those things we've been so covertly putting off to do because it was cold outside.
With that being said, I decided to put together a Spring to-do list that I think will be helpful for every one of us who is in graduate school.
1. Lose the Winter Coats/Layers. Spring in Ohio can be a bit capricious. Especially when it was snowing less than a week ago. But, I'm going to go out on a limb and say, "PACK IT UP, PEOPLE." Replace your winter coats, sweaters, cardigans, stocking caps, scarfs and jackets with shorts, polo's, t-shirts, sandals, flip-flops. The only way I've found to convince mother nature to make Spring stay is to change the way I dress.
2. Clean. I'm keeping this one short because this word around this time of year seems to be an inevitable "cuss" word. Clean your desk, garage and car out. Maybe you just need to tidy up your room or get rid of some old clothes. Whatever it is, get on with it and do what I call, "The Nasty".
3. Take a Drive with the Windows Down. Sunday was a gorgeous 85 degrees. What makes those days even more gorgeous is going for a drive with the windows down. If you have a convertible, then I envy you.
4. Flip-flops, flip-flops, flip-flops. Need I say more. It's time to break them out if you haven't done so already. Personally, I haven't met any more aggressive when it comes to flip-flop wearing that fellow MLHR blogger, Shawn H. This man sets the standard for flop wearing.
5. Bust Out the Sunglasses. With the temperatures rising and the sun staying out longer, it's important to protect our eyes from damaging UV rays. I can't think of anyone else I know who dons the sunglasses more than fellow MLHR blogger, Garren C. This man wears sunglasses 25 hrs day/ 8 days per week/ 365 days per year. Take a tip from, Garren. He believes in protecting his eyes from damaging UV rays. So should you.
6. BBQ. In southern states, it's BBQ. In SoDak and other Midwestern states, it's grilling. Eh, same thing. Nuances aside, it's just plain time to fire up the grill, invite some friends over and enjoy some good burgers & brats and sip some cold drinks.
7. Enjoy the Great Outdoors. When the weather is nice, it's time to put away the TV and get outside. Go for a bike ride or take your dog for a walk. Maybe join a volleyball or softball league. Whatever it is, stay active and enjoy being outside.
Go Bucks!


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Adult Mystery
Article in Mystery and Adult Fiction
This is a general article for adult mysteries worth reading.
- 1 History
- 2 Awards
- 3 Classic Authors & Immortal Sleuths
- 4 Short List of Bestselling Authors
- 5 Selected Authors by Type
- 6 Reader Favorites
Mystery novels trace their roots to Edgar Allen Poe (1809 - 1849)
1920s and 1930s: the so-called golden age of mysteries, highlighting the English aristocrat
1940s and 1950s: the rise of the hard-boiled detective and crime in the mean streets of major cities
1960s and 1970s: police procedural; sleuths with more interpersonal relationships
1980s and today: detectives any age or ethnic background associated with a particular city or country; courtroom drama and legal thrillers
The Edgars (Edgar Allan Poe Awards) presented by Mystery Writers of America in several categories: Grand Master, Best Novel, Etc.
Classic Authors & Immortal Sleuths
Edgar Allen Poe, Murders in the Rue Morgue
Wilkie Collins, The Moonstone, The Woman in White
Agatha Christie (Hercule Poirot, Miss Jane Marple)
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (Sherlock Holmes)
Dorothy L. Sayers (Lord Peter Wimsey)
- also see other authors like her.
Frederic Dannay (Ellery Queen)
Earl Derr Bigger (Charlie Chan)
Rex Stout (Nero Wolfe & Archie Goodwin)
Raymond Chandler (Philip Marlowe)
Dashiell Hammett (Sam Spade; Nick & Nora Charles)
Ross Macdonald (Lew Archer)
Short List of Bestselling Authors
Mary Higgins Clark and authors like her
Selected Authors by Type
Detective Story:
Legal Thrillers:
Women Detectives:
Historical Mysteries:
Crime Capers:
Forensic Scientists:
Serial Killers:
Psychological Mysteries
Reader Favorites
- Potshots by Gerry Boyle,
- Gerry Boyle writes with deep insight while describing the backwoods towns and people of rural Maine. He should know, as he's lived there for over 35 years. Working as a cub reporter, first in the tiny mill town of Rumsford, ME, and then to the sprawling metropolis of Waterville, he obviously learned to hone his craft focusing on small details of a scene. But it is his rich dialogue and humor that engage the reader in this non-stop adventurous ride. This book is the fourth in his Jack McMorrow series, about a freelance journalist who gets deeply entwined in cases he assumed would be easy fill for the Sunday paper. In this story, Jack gets pulled into a seemingly innocuous tale covering a marijuana legalization movement in a remote area of Maine. But, while tracking down background information, things just don't seem to add up. Suddenly, he's becoming a target and dodging bullets of his own. It's a fun read that grows increasingly harder to put down.
- The Various Haunts of Men by Susan Hill
- The juxaposition of a psychopathic killer's diary to recognizable characters living in the British countryside structures this intense novel. A young, likable policewoman Freya Graffham becomes suspicous as village people begin to disappear. The author introduces enigmatic Chief Inspector Simon Serrallier in this first of a series of three crime novels. Author Ruth Rendell, known for her psychological mysteries writes that she loved this book.


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Out of Stock
A notice to our customers: We're so happy to see you again! Our stores have reopened in the following provinces: Manitoba, Saskatchewan, New Brunswick, Alberta, British Columbia, Nova Scotia, Quebec and Ontario. Click here for the full list
Precautionary sanitization measures may still cause delays on your order.


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When Jonathan Goodwin talked about the approach his team will take to this Super Bowl week, I cringed.
"We're going to treat it like a business trip," said Goodwin, one of the team leaders.
I asked Goodwin, "Have you ever been on a business trip?"
Hey, the man plays football for a living, maybe he's not hip to the corporate world. He looked at me.
"Trust me," I said, "the last thing you want to do is treat this like a business trip."
I flashed back to my introduction to business trips. Years ago, as a valet-parking attendant at a ritzy Beverly Hills hotel, I dealt with men on business trips. I worked the graveyard shift, and many such men sought me out at 3 a.m. to inquire desperately about women and liquor.
Fortunately, I kept a stash of liquor in my locker and could help them. As for the women, they were great tippers when I fetched their cars at 4 a.m.
It will be much better if the 49ers approach this week as a family vacation. Loll around the hotel room taking naps, watching cartoons and being asleep by 9:30.
Business trips can be so dangerous here, even for business guys minding their own business.
I was here in November to cover the 49ers-Saints game. Walking down Bourbon Street, minding my own business, I was stampeded and trampled, literally. Someone with a super-soaker squirt gun (no, there is no minimum-IQ requirement for admission to Bourbon Street) set off an enormous instant stampede.
I was thrown in the air and flew into the gutter, staring up at thundering feet and flying bottles. Mud-splattered, with multiple bruises and abrasions, I limped back to my hotel.
Next day, three hours before a game, I watched a young man purchase a can of beer on a street corner, shake it frantically, stab it with a key and "shotgun" it in five seconds. Can't blame him. It was only three hours before kickoff, not enough time to find a hospital and have doctors inject beer directly into his veins.
The next morning, I had to step over a passed-out drunk blocking the door of my hotel room (yes, he was on the hallway side of my door).
On this trip, Sunday night (the Sabbath!), walking into the 49ers' hotel for their news conference, I had to dodge a man so drunk, he spun to the sidewalk. A block away, a traffic signal on a pole was toppled next to the streetcar tracks. Somebody had started Super Week with a bang.
What does this have to do with the 49ers? Players can be tempted. Remember Raiders defensive lineman John Matuszak, who tuned up for Super Bowl XV by cruising Bourbon Street until 3 a.m. Several other Raiders also were fined for curfew busting.
The Raiders beat the Eagles, 27-10, but that was the old days. In the modern NFL, you have to have more dedication to the task at hand. Do the 49ers have that level of maturity and focus?
Jim Harbaugh seems to think they do. Asked Sunday about his team's preparation this week, Harbaugh said, "Enjoy the moment, enjoy the preparation work. I think that's what our team loves the most: the practices, the meetings, and especially the competition."
Colin Kaepernick told his media audience that he would stick to his coal-miner-Spartan routine this week: "It's just head-down, keep workin'."
I don't know what type of partiers the 49ers have on their team. I know Aldon Smith threw a party last year and got stabbed. I know Frank Gore supposedly threw some parties in Florida not long ago that set off alarms at NCAA headquarters. I know Michael Crabtree sometimes runs with a peppy crowd.
But seriously, my sense is that Harbaugh has his fellows lashed into a cohesive, focused unit, the sense of purpose and brotherly force of which is likely to keep any sheep from straying from the flock this week.
Goodwin will be one of the shepherds. He played five seasons in New Orleans and said he would gladly offer guidance to his teammates.
"I would definitely have no problem stressing where to stay out of," Goodwin said.
I asked him if he would tell me the best places to stay out of.
"Oh, you're not playing," Goodwin said. "You can go anywhere you want."
Les bons temps rouler, which is Cajun for, "Pass the Alka Seltzer."
Scott Ostler is a San Francisco Chronicle sports columnist. E-mail: email@example.com Twitter: @scottostler


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Right around the time a middle-age woman wearing a coconut bra puked two seats down from me, I made a vow: Never again would I attend a Jimmy Buffett concert.
I take that back. Never again would I see Jimmy Buffett in the Boston area, which is one of his biggest markets. It's also where legions of Parrotheads, the fond nickname for Buffett's loyal subjects, take over the Comcast Center in Mansfield for a full day of drinking, tailgating, and going wild like they don't have to work the next morning.
That was back in June 2010, at my first and only Buffett show. (Buffett returns to the Comcast Center on Saturday.) That night, as harmless as it ultimately was, stuck with me. It confirmed my theory that Buffett inspires intense love among his fans and sheer disgust in everyone else. Particularly for my generation – I'm 34 – Buffett is a brand more than a musician.
Then something funny started to happen. While digging through crates of vinyl at used record stores, I noticed all these early Buffett records. He looked nothing like the Buffett I saw at Comcast Center, which is to say a tycoon who just retired to Florida. The guy seen on his early album covers reeked of pot smoke, bathed in the ocean, and probably would let you twirl his mustache if you asked nicely. In other words, he was somebody I'd like to party with.
Intrigued, I went on a mission: For an entire month, I holed up with Buffett's first six studio albums, from his 1970 debut, "Down to Earth," through "Havaña Daydreamin' " released six years later. I stopped there because in 1977 Buffett turned a corner with "Changes in Latitudes, Changes in Attitudes." That was the juggernaut album that gave us "Margaritaville" and the title track, both of which made me ready for a bathroom break when I heard Buffett sing them in Mansfield.
A theme emerged almost immediately: This man gets little respect in certain circles. With a Buffett box set and two LPs under my arms, I proudly told the clerk at Cheapo Records in Cambridge I was on a crusade to fall in love with Buffett's early work, which presented him as a folk-rocker with country leanings. "Good luck with that," he said, concealing a smile that was really more of a sneer.
On Facebook I solicited gut reactions, asking friends to fill in the blank: "I say Jimmy Buffett, you say _________." Responses ranged from "pass the Margaritas!" to "Democratic fund-raiser" to "deal breaker." The shortest reaction was also the harshest: "No."
The problem, of course, is that to at least three generations, Jimmy Buffett doesn't register as a singer-songwriter at all. He's the ringleader of a business empire and embodiment of a carefree lifestyle. Case in point: I asked a 28-year-old what she thought of him. "Jamaica Mistaica wings," she rattled off without missing a beat. That would be her favorite item on the menu at one of Buffett's chain restaurants in Florida. "And I'm a vegan," she said, "so that's how good they are." (On the flip side, "Cheeseburger in Paradise" makes me want to become a vegetarian.)
At 65, Buffett is in a class of musicians whose early work has been overshadowed by what came after it. The newer stuff hasn't aged as well as the formative repertoire. I constantly tell incredulous friends how great Bette Midler's first few records were, before Disney movies and "Wind Beneath My Wings" took hold. I maintain that Elton John's early '70s albums – "Tumbleweed Connection," "Madman Across the Water," and "Honky Château" — are undeniable classics. Honest. Another friend's jaw dropped recently when I played Cher's "3614 Jackson Highway," her 1969 blue-eyed soul sessions recorded at Muscle Shoals. And it's a long drop from Billy Joel's "She's Got a Way" to "The River of Dreams" in 1993.
"Down to Earth" was the quintessential introduction to Buffett. Wearing his love for Gordon Lightfoot like a badge of honor, Buffett the folkie was right up my alley. It blew my mind — and my misconceptions — right out of the water. Here was Buffett singing about religious hypocrisy ("The Christian?") and financial struggles ("There's Nothin' Soft About Hard Times"). Buffett the protest singer emerged on "The Missionary."
"High Cumberland Jubilee" was recorded in 1971 but shelved until 1976. Buffett ramped up the country-rock and charged hard like something Gram Parsons would have released. "God Don't Own a Car" was the first time I had heard banjo and trombone on a Buffett tune. I was sold.
Generally considered the first album that pricked up ears, 1973's "A White Sport Coat and a Pink Crustacean" hinted at what would become one of Buffett's hallmarks: heartfelt songcraft doused with a good sense of humor. "He Went to Paris" was a solemn antidote to the sly revelry of "Why Don't We Get Drunk."
"Living and Dying in ¾ Time" appeared in 1974 and yielded a handful of fan favorites that still routinely turn up in Buffett's set lists: "Come Monday," "Pencil Thin Mustache," "The Wino and I Know." Before I heard any of them, I knew I would like the spirit of the album. The cover photo featured Buffett, all scraggly blond locks and cut-off shorts, perched on a rickety boat that was going under. The name of the boat? "Good Luck." That's my kind of black humor. (How telling that by 1978, after he struck pay dirt with "Changes in Latitudes . . .," Buffett appeared on the cover of "Son of a Son of a Sailor" decked out like a grinning, blue-blooded yachtsman.) And did Buffett just drop the F-bomb on "West Nashville Grand Ballroom Gown"? He did.
That same year Buffett put out "A1A," which seems to get lost in his discography. "A Pirate Looks at Forty" came from this one, but the album stood out for its unabashed country twang. "Door Number Three" could have and should have been a hit for someone like Merle Haggard.
By the time I got to 1976's "Havaña Daydreamin', " it was clear Buffett's island shtick was already setting in. From the name of the album to the little tinges of tropical instrumentation sprinkled throughout, the mayor of Margaritaville was lying in wait. Still, there were moments of quiet grace. A cover of Jesse Winchester's "Defying Gravity" ranks among the most haunting performances Buffett has ever captured on record.
The more enamored of the albums I became, the more I wanted to know how he was regarded back then. Bob Dylan, of all people, was a fan at some point. In a 2009 interview, author Bill Flanagan asked Dylan about his favorite songwriters. "Buffett, I guess," he replied, before referencing two of Buffett's early compositions, "Death of an Unpopular Poet" and "He Went to Paris," both from "A White Sport Coat and a Pink Crustacean."
Buffett's publicist declined my request to talk with him for this story. I suspect Buffett still holds those first few albums in high esteem and certainly still performs songs from them. But I'd love to know if he feels boxed in by the persona he so eagerly built around good-time tunes about island escapism, which is alive and well in country singers such as Kenny Chesney. Would Buffett the down-and-out troubadour from yesteryear rub greasy elbows with Buffett the savvy, millionaire businessman?
I'm not sure he could — or would even like to — return to his more humble origins. Ahead of his first and only appearance at the Newport Folk Festival in 2008, Buffett told the Boston Globe, "I came up as a folk singer. I've always loved the idea of being a balladeer. I am not going to do a Parrothead show."
And yet he did exactly that, with a band and his signature party anthems intact. Sure, he sang with folk duo Gillian Welch and David Rawlings, whose "Elvis Presley Blues" Buffett had covered on his 2006 album, and Buffett also nodded to Dylan with an acoustic encore of "Blowin' in the Wind." Otherwise, it was Parrothead business as usual.
Interestingly, outside of those early records, the only other one that has resonated with me is Buffett's most recent release. "Buffet Hotel," from 2009, had a few moments of inspired songwriting reminiscent of his beginnings. "We Learned to Be Cool From You" and "Life Short Call Now" brought Buffett full circle. They're the kind of evergreen songs I'd gladly sing along with in a sea of Parrotheads. I just ask that no one in a coconut bra vomits beside me.
James Reed can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com. Follow him on Twitter @GlobeJamesReed.


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General conscription
If you are a male Finnish citizen and live abroad, you are subject to the conscription call-up starting from the beginning of the year in which you turn 18 years. You can handle your call-up obligation matters through the mission of Finland in your country of residence.
In case you have multiple nationalities, you may be subject to conscription in accordance with your other home country legislation even if you had performed your military service in Finland.
For those who have not performed military or non-military service, a passport is granted to no later than until the end of the year when they turn 28.
The Regional Offices of the Defence Forces help and serve persons subject to general conscription. If you reside abroad, your Regional Office is your municipality in the population register.
For additional information, please visit the Defence Forces website.


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Shea's Performing Arts Center, which is now celebrating the 25th year of its Broadway subscription series, is one of the great rags-to-riches stories in the cultural history of Western New York.
Not so long ago, the institution was on the verge of physical and financial collapse, the great promise it once held as an opulent movie house in danger of being reduced to a parking lot. But just as the situation was turning dire in the early '70s, a small group of people stepped in to rescue Shea's from the brink of demolition. That hardworking group gradually grew. And some 40 years later, the theater now ranks as the highest-grossing venue for one-week engagements of touring Broadway shows in the United States.
That small group of people who started it all, and many of the thousands who helped Shea's on its slow and steady ascent to success, were volunteers. And one of them was Anthony Conte, a member of Shea's fundraising group in the '70s who went on to serve on its board in the '90s before taking over the organization from Patrick Fagan in 2001.
Conte, more than any other single person except perhaps Broadway producer Albert Nocciolino, is responsible for the success the nonprofit organization has seen in the last decade.
But he's also put himself at the center of a needless controversy over Shea's volunteers that has already managed to tarnish the organization's otherwise sterling reputation.
When Conte took over as president and CEO in 2001, he began instituting a policy regarding when and where volunteer ushers are allowed to sit in the theater. (Answer: exceedingly rarely and far away from patrons.) Longtime ushers began to publicly complain in 2006 about the policy, which, as one former usher wrote in a letter to the editor that year, prevented them from sitting in the back rows of the theater "if there is a patron in the same row, or from sitting in front of any patron, even though there are empty seats."
Other ushers, some of them elderly and with health problems, shared their complaints about Conte's policy with The Buffalo News' Mark Sommer in March of this year. And the controversy came to a head in late August, when two of the ushers who spoke with The news were told their services were no longer welcome after decades of combined service.
In a phone interview on Thursday, Conte said that the ushers' decision to take their complaints outside the theater gave Shea's "a black eye."
"The reason we decided not to invite them back was because they did not follow the normal procedures for dealing with this," he said. "They could have easily come to me, they could have come to any of our senior managers and we would have addressed the issues but they never did."
One of the ushers said she brought the issue repeatedly to her immediate supervisor - a pretty logical step for filing an internal complaint. When she got no response, she circulated a petition and later talked to The News
The upshot? Conte's unnecessarily strict policy - not the fact that two ushers merely voiced their concerns about it - is ultimately responsible for this "black eye" on Shea's public record. It was well on its way to healing, too, when the theater made the highly inadvisable decision that the ushers who complained would not be welcome back.
The result is a completely avoidable public relations headache - and hopefully a lesson in PR 101 - for the theater. It could have been prevented by a modicum of compassion from the man who is handsomely rewarded for his own hard work and whose history with this vaunted Buffalo institution ought to make him an advocate for Shea's volunteers and not their adversary.
email: email@example.com


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Hey everybody, what's shakin'!? After being in bed with the flu for what seemed like forever, I decided I needed a lift…….what better way then to post about some of my favorite platforms? 🙂
I would have to say most of my shoes are either super high heels or platforms, and I wear them with just about everything!
I love that the platform trend is back and doesn't look like it's going anywhere anytime soon!


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Greenleaf good life: Cape Cod screams Ozzie and Harriet
Address: 1510 Rose Hill Drive
Neighborhood: Greenleaf
Asking: $335,000
Assessment: $332,400
Year Built: 1950
Size: 1,663 fin. sq. ft.; 1,600 unfin.
Land: 0.25 acres
Agent: Phyllis Novotny, Roy Wheeler Realty, 434-760-0548
Curb Appeal: 8 out of 10
Looking at this house, we just know that inside the kids are dutifully doing their homework, and mom, now that dad is home from work, is pulling a meatloaf out of the oven for a cozy family dinner.
This house fits with the neighborhood ambiance of groomed yards, towering hardwood trees, and houses of similar size and age. It's a neighborhood redolent of high voter turnout, sports-minded kids, and recycling. While we were checking out the property, a neighbor drove by, rolled down his window, and called out, "and the neighbors are terrific!"
This well-kept one-story Cape Cod sits a stone's throw from Greenleaf Park. Out back, the large landscaped fenced-in yard even has a private wooden gate for the kids to make a quick dash into the fun.
Entering the house is a step into the past: an original 1950s living room; two ample bedrooms back and to the right, each with a smallish closet and sharing a ho-hum but adequate bathroom; small linen closet, hall closet, and a full attic.
But in 2002-03, the footprint of the house was doubled, giving it a major boost: the new 800 square-foot addition changed everything. From the living room, enter the sizable eat-in kitchen, fully remodeled with luminous, soft-green Mexican tiles, maple cabinets to the ceiling, all new appliances, and a generous pantry.
The kitchen leads to a nearly 24' x 16' family room with ceiling fan, fireplace, pretty hardwood floors, and a view to the backyard. On the left, double glass doors lead to a snug private patio nestled under the trees.
The new addition also includes a large new master suite with a closet that will thwart evil-minded moths dreaming of cashmere and wool. It's totally cedar-lined, with shelves, rods, and racks. People feeling a little down will be glad to hear the closet is big enough for meditation sessions.
With the addition, the footprint jumped from 800 to 1,600 square feet. That includes 1,600 square feet of dry unfinished concrete basement, sitting there waiting for an imaginative use.
French doors lead into the yard and the huge old trees. Seeing this in dismal February, we can only imagine what pleasure the swaying canopy will provide come summer. The glass-half-empty folks will look with a shudder at these venerable trees and see nothing but autumn leaf raking. Well, everything has a price.
Hidden improvements include new blown-in insulation, new roof, new windows throughout, new or refinished hardwood floors, exterior soft brown vinyl siding, leaf guards on gutters, and a new heat pump.
That leaves only the '50s living room inside the front door. One happy way to think of it is as a room that won't get messy: all the action is going to be in the new family room. It can be like the old days, when moms and dads kept the formal living room reserved for "grownup" gatherings where stylish friends waved long cigarette holders over highballs and canapés.
Coming in the door after a hard day on the job, Mom says, "Honey, I'm home," and junior replies, "Dad's on his way home from the recycling center, and he says dinner will be ready in 15."
It's a good life on Rose Hill Drive.
Each week, a brave local seller invites the Hook to provide an impartial, warts-and-all look at their real estate listing. E-mail yours today!


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Labor Day weekend is upon us…the 'official' end to summer. The pending First Day of School undoubtedly has inspired a collective groan from the nation's school children. Sorry kids – but you must, once again, put your swimsuit away and hit the books.
But why not make this year special by introducing your school to Fair Trade? There are plenty of cool, fun and educational ways to help your school trade fair, so rather than spending your last few days of summer catching up on tv re-runs, get a group of friends together and check out these ideas on how to spread the word about economic justice and human rights to your peers!
The good people at Catholic Relief Services have developed comprehensive educational resources for those that are new to Fair Trade and even for those that already consider themselves experts. While these tools are meant for the classroom, we believe they're worthy for anyone to study. The group offers beautiful and informative flyers and brochures about Fair Trade that you can opt to download yourself or order online for free! They also offer a variety of teaching modules, an action guide, multi-media presentations, fund raising tools, and games that integrate the concepts of human rights, social justice and stewardship right into your teacher's lesson plan.
Last fall, Autonomie Project was honored to be featured in CSR's back-to-school guide which encourages educators and students alike to promote the following ways your school can easily support Fair Trade:
A) Wear economic justice on your sleeve!
Support marginalized communities through your uniform purchase. Fair Trade Uniforms offers a wide variety of items made to your school's specifications, including school uniforms, gym clothes and T-shirts. All uniforms are made fairly by workers in the developing world.
B) Teach with Fair Trade Lesson Plans!
In addition to the resources from CRS already mentioned above, check out Global Exchange's clever, multi-dimensional classroom resource that can be adapted to satisfy a variety of curricula standards. The Fair Trade Resource Network also offers a clearinghouse of Fair Trade curricula for teachers including "Win-Win Solutions" from Equal Exchange for grades 4 through 9 and TransFair USA's "Focus on Fair Trade" for grades K through 12.
C) Play Fair During Recess and Gym with Fair Trade Sports Balls!
How could any Fair Trade back-to-school guide be complete without our brother company Fair Trade Sports! A full line of sports balls certified Fair Trade and eco-friendly are now available online, including balls for soccer, football, basketball, volleyball, rugby, and futsal. Also, make sure to check out this really cool game developed by Oxfam that uses the game of soccer to teach students, young and old, the principles of Fair Trade.
D) Fundraise While Supporting Communities in the Developing World!
Participants in the Raise Money Right project know how fun and rewarding it is to use Fair Trade products to raise funds for special projects (rather than the usual blah and conventional candies and wrapping papers!). Global Goods Partners offers an educational, socially responsible, and Fair Trade fundraising tool as well. Using ethical products for fund raising is not only a great way to teach kids about Fair Trade, but also about social entrepreneurship and how helping others can also help ourselves! And don't forget, that school cafeterias across the country could always use a little encouragement to switch their coffee, tea, chocolate, fruit and sugar purchases to Fair Trade brands.
E) Put Your Best Foot Forward with Fair Trade Sneakers!
As all you readers should know by now, we're proud to bring the Ethletic sneaker collection to the students of America! The ultimate in ethical footwear, we now offer all 10 styles of the popular Fair Trade and eco-certified shoe brand. This year, you can head back to school in style without having to sacrifice your values!
So what are you waiting for??? You have your assignment and the first bell has rung….so hurry on your mission and help us spread the word of Fair Trade to YOUR school!


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The Best White Wines at Costco Under $15
Our hunt for great-tasting affordable wine.
My first interaction with Costco was a few years ago, when I set up a complex bartering system with a coworker. He brought me coconut water in bulk, and in exchange I would try to show up to work on time. We were both happy.
My second Costco experience was a month ago at home in Michigan. My parents started their membership while I spent most of my time in the wine section, and kept saying stuff like "Wow...it's so cheap!" To anyone who has ever set foot in a Costco, it was the equivalent of me saying "Wow...that ocean is so full of water!" or "OMG. Shocking news. The tortoise beat the hare." So obvious...but still so wonderful.
In most locations and for many bottles, Costco offers substantial discounts relative to other wine retailers. So in true Costco style, buying wine in bulk is a dream that can become a reality. And according to the sign I saw in a southeast Michigan location, the general public is allowed to buy alcohol there even without a membership. Of course, the prices and selections vary from store to store, and you're much more likely to find large-production wines than what you'd discover at your local specialty wine shop.
The wine aisles at Costco are dizzying—which bottles are worth buying and which should you pass by? We tasted 22 white wines from Costco. Here's our guide to the best of the bunch.
Favorite Light, Crisp White Wines
You've probably seen Kim Crawford Sauvignon Blanc before, and at $13, we found it a terrifically refreshing option. While we noticed tropical fruit aromas, this wine's flavor is much more in the citrus and grapefruit camp. It's slightly grassy and very tart, so be mindful of that when choosing food to eat with it—try to avoid dishes or sauces with a lot of sugar in them. Citrus-dressed salads, fried seafood, and salty cheeses are your friends when you're drinking this Sauvignon Blanc.
If you're into Sauv Blancs on the greener side, reach for Whitehaven Sauvignon Blanc Marlborough 2012 ($14). The scent reminded us of jalapeño, green pepper, and lime, though the flavors offer a floral side. Consider pasta with anchovies to pair with this interesting wine.
Moving from New Zealand to Italy, the Fontana Candida Frascati DOC 2011 ($9) blend of Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Trebbiano Toscano, and Malvasia di Lazio is an easy-drinking summer sipper. With floral and somewhat lemony fragrances, the wine offers bright acidity, peach flavors, and a little savory complexity at the end. I'd love to have this alongside a flaky white fish.
Favorite Medium-Bodied White Wines
If you've never tried Greek wine, you'll be pleasantly surprised if you start by sipping on the Boutari Moschofilero PDO Mantinia 2012 ($14). This wine has sweet aromas of tropical fruit cut by lemon. We were pleasantly surprised by the softness of this wine to counter the more tart stone fruit flavors of nectarine and apricot. I'd also grab this bottle for my next roasted chicken dinner.
We've found a few Italian Pinot Grigios that are good budget buys when exploring the wine lists at chain restaurants. You'll find 'em at Costco, too: KRIS Pinot Grigio IgT 2011 ($11) has crisp lemon flavors balanced by an almost almond-like richness at the end. And Ecco Domani Pinot Grigio IgT 2012 ($9) is full of zesty lime and a little ripe apricot. These versatile options would do well at an outdoor dinner party.
If you're looking for acid and minerality, Zenato Pinot Grigio IgT 2012 ($10) is a solid buy. It smells like green apple and offers the tartness of a freshly cut lime. As the wine warms up, it reveals a richness that's great for sipping with food.
Rounding out our list of recommended affordable Pinot Grigios was the Bolla Pinot Grigio IgT 2011. Available both at Safeway and Costco, this is a real deal at around $8 a pop.
Favorite Full-Bodied White Wines
From the Dundee region in Oregon, Sokol Blosser's Evolution White Wine ($15, but we've seen it at Costco for as low as $11) is a blend of 9 different grape varieties, including Pinot Gris, Riesling, and Muscat. You might be tricked by the rich aromas of vanilla and pear into thinking you're in for an oak-bomb, but the fruit and crisp acidity comes through clearly. Tropical fruit flavors are balanced by apple-y tartness. This wine has enough heft to stand up to meatier dishes—something along the lines of pork with apples.
The budget Chardonnays we tried were generally less convincing because of too much (or too fake-tasting) oak. That said, the Edna Valley Chardonnay Central Coast 2011 (around $11) had more acidity than the others to keep it fresh and interesting. Sure, the wine smelled of sweet vanilla and caramel, but the pronounced citrus and long finish made us think more of lemon bars or lemon pie than just wood. A little air and warmth will mellow this wine out. Serve it to cut through a creamy sauce on scallops, chicken, or pasta.
Do you shop for wine at Costco? What are your recent great-deal discoveries?
Wines provided as samples for review consideration.
All products linked here have been independently selected by our editors. We may earn a commission on purchases, as described in our affiliate policy.


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Indian Legal ClinicSLN #: 13932
Course Prefix: LAW-776
Course Section: 001
Credit Hours: 6
Instructor(s): Ferguson-Bohnee
Course Description:
The Indian Legal Clinic provides students with the opportunity to work under the supervision of an experienced faculty supervisor to gain practical experience (1) working on real cases involving issues of tribal law and federal Indian law, and (2) representing real clients in tribal, state, and federal court, as well as in administrative proceedings. The Clinic's practice is broad: students will have the opportunity to work on civil and criminal cases, and also do policy and transactional work. Clinic students handle all aspects of law practice, including time-keeping; client interviewing and counseling; drafting pleadings, motions, briefs, opinion letters and contracts; appearing in court; conducting discovery; and conducting trials, mediations, and arbitrations. There is also an advanced seminar component of the Clinic based on simulation exercises designed to help students develop trial skills including advanced interviewing, fact investigation, case theory development, client counseling, discovery, negotiation, ADR, and courtroom advocacy. Clinic students participate in weekly staff meetings to discuss pending cases and potential new cases. Attendance at seminars and staff meetings is mandatory. Students are expected to complete 20 hours of Clinic work per week which includes client work, seminar work, and Clinic meetings. Student-attorneys are also required to attend weekly staff meetings. Students will be required to attend trainings outside of regularly-scheduled class throughout the semester. The Clinic is a graded 6-credit course. Enrollment is limited to 6 students and Federal Indian Law I, Civil Procedure, Criminal Law, Professional Responsibility and Evidence are co-requisites--these courses can be taken before enrollment in the Clinic or at the same time. Students are encouraged to take Evidence prior to enrolling in the Indian Legal Clinic. The Indian Legal Clinic is required for students participating in the Indian Law Certificate program. This course fulfills the professional skills requirement for graduation.
NOTE: Please see the Clinical Program website for more details as well as the application. http://law.asu.edu/clinics
Additional Information:
Credit Hours: 6
Grading Option: Letter Grade Only
Graduation Writing Requirement: No
Flexible Writing Requirement: No
Skills Requirement: Yes
Experiential Learning: No
Prerequisite: Federal Indian Law I, Civil Procedure, Criminal Law, Professional Responsibility and Evidence are all corequisites
Special Withdrawal Course: Yes. Because of administrative considerations and professional obligations to courts and clients, no student pre-registered for a clinical offering shall be allowed to drop the clinic later than one month preceding the first day of classes, or to add the clinic, unless approval is obtained from the Director of the Clinical Program.
Limited Enrollment Number: 6
Final Exam Given: No
Attendance Policy: Per Statement Of Student Policies
Additional Attendance Policy: Attendance required at all seminars and staffings
* The law school has a policy that Is used To calculate credit hours. Please see the Statement of Student Policies.


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Peter King of Sports Illustrated and NBC is probably the preeminent football writer in the country. He makes a reported $1 million a year. Therefore you'd think he would be above making rookie mistakes. Like printing some wild, baseless rumor just because one source tells him it's true. Particularly when that source has a HUGE agenda.
King leads his Monday Morning Quarterback column today by saying that Michael Vick may be playing in the United Football League next season. King's source for this is UFL "commissioner" Michael Huyghue. King quotes Huyghue as saying that it's "98 percent" certain that Vick will play in the league in 2009. King follows this astonishing claim by writing that Vick's signing with the league makes "perfect sense."
There's only one problem. THERE'S NO SUCH THING AS THE UNITED FOOTBALL LEAGUE! The THEORY of the UFL was hatched a couple of years ago. Mark Cuban was even part of the original publicity for the proposed new league. Then again, so was T. Boone Pickens and he has already officially pulled his name from any association with the proposed league. The problem is television money, or rather the lack of it. Once NBC acquired tv rights for NFL Sunday Night Football there was no chance of the UFL ever playing a single game.
The league was supposed to start play in the spring of 2008. Crickets. Not only has the "league" postponed the entire 2008 theoretical season, but they haven't secured ownership or a stadium for a single hypothetical franchise. Las Vegas is a perfect example. After originally touting Las Vegas as a cornerstone of the UFL and having Sam Boyd Stadium director Daren Libonati announce a deal was "near" to bring a franchise to Sin City, NOTHING has happened.
The reality for the United Football league is the NBC deal killed any chance of the league. Every network is now tied to the National Football League. CBS and Fox carry Sunday afternoon NFL games, ABC (ESPN) has NFL Monday Night Football and NBC carries Sunday night NFL games. Just where in the hell are these supposed UFL games going to air? The proposed new league would have their season schedule overlapping the NFL and ending "on Thanksgiving." The UFL died the day NBC got NFL football. You'd think since Peter King WORKS FOR NBC he'd know this. Sadly, he's too stupid.
The rest of King's column is filled with so much conjecture and out-and-out lies told to him by Huyghue that it's literally embarrassing to read.
Lie: The United Football League will consist of six teams next season with franchises in Los Angeles, San Francisco, Las Vegas, Orlando, New York and Hartford.
Reality: None of these cities has signed any type of stadium deal with any of these nonexisistent "franchises."
Lie: Mark Cuban "will be one of the owners."
Reality: Cuban, an internet mogul, doesn't even have a website for his supposed football franchise. Although Cuban's name was floated as a POTENTIAL owner when the idea for the United Football League was first hatched, he has already moved on. Cuban would probably be more intersted in owning a real-life sports franchise (like THE CHICAGO CUBS!) than some hypothetical team in a nonexistent league.
Lie: The "Wilpon group" who owns the Mets will own the New York franchise in the United Football league.
Reality: Neither Fred Wilpon or any other "Wilpon" has never said anything of the kind. There WAS a report in SI that Wilpon was buying a UFL team. That story was written by Peter King who undoubtedly was duped by Huyghue yet again. It's not like WILPON told King he was buying a team.
Lie: The New York team will play at the new Citi Field (home of the Mets.)
Reality: Like hell.
Lie: Each UFL team will have a salary cap of $20 million per team.
Reality: Where's that money coming from? As we mentioned earlier, there's no tv money.
Without a doubt though the biggest lie fed to King by Huyghue is the one about Michael Vick. Although King writes it makes "perfect sense" for Vick to play for the UFL in 2009 there's a slight problem. He'll still be in prison for the entire 2009 season. Apparently King did absolutely ZERO fact checking for his article. Vick was sentenced to 23 months in prison. Even if we take Huyghue at his word (yeah, right!) that means Vick will be in prison for the entire 2009 UFL season.
So much for the 98% chance of Vick playing in the league.


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We always try to match the selling item with the right buyer.
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"We were thrilled with the result. To get a record price for the painting was absolutely terrific and it just proves that a smaller auction house can get great results"
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Amanda Mobile: +61 (0)419 361 753
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No elegant evening out would be complete without a pair of devastatingly gorgeous earrings to wrap up your look. Gems en Vogue has just those earrings. Crafted from polished palladium silver, this pair of drop earrings are the epitome of elegance, with tightly looping filigree forming each fan-like drop, while morganite gemstones add sparkle and sophistication.
Emboldened by zircon accents leading up to butterfly backs, the look is completed with warm 18K rose gold embraced™ accents throughout.
All weights pertaining to gemstones, including diamonds, are minimum weights. Additionally, please note that many gemstones are treated to enhance their beauty. View Gemstone Enhancements and Special Care Requirements for important information.
Vermeil Plating:
Pronounced "vermay," vermeil is an electroplating process in which 14K gold or higher is coated over sterling silver. Officially designated by the jewelry industry, items may only be sold as vermeil if they have a minimum thickness of 100 millionths of an inch (2.5 microns) of gold over the silver. Regular gold plating is less than 2.5 microns.
The "vermeil" technique of plating sterling silver with gold originated in France in the 1750s. It differs from "gold filled" or "gold plated" in terms of the thickness or thinness of the microns over sterling silver. "Gold filled" pieces have a much thicker layer, between 15 and 45 microns, which is mechanically bonded to the base metal with heat and pressure. Vermeil is a more expensive version of "gold plated". It does not wear off as quickly as gold plating does. However, over time, vermeil wears off and therefore will require re-plating.
Gold/Platinum Embraced Silver or Bronze:
Our platinum and gold embraced collections feature layers of platinum or gold over sterling silver or bronze for a lustrous, radiant finish everywhere you look and touch.
To care for your plated jewelry items:
Zircon often suffers for its name's similarity to "cubic zirconia," the simulated diamond. The stone zircon, however, is actually a beautiful natural gemstone. It is named from the Persian word "zargun," meaning "gold-colored." This is despite the fact that it comes in a wide range of rainbow colors . The majority of zircons are brown or yellow-brown, while pure red and green are the most valuable colors. The yellow-red to reddish-brown variety is called "hyacinth."
For many years, the most popular type of zircon was the colorless variety. More than any other natural stone, colorless zircons produce a brilliant sparkle similar to diamonds . The most popular color today tends to be the bright pastel blue variety. Sometimes called "starlite," blue zircon has recently become considered an alternative birthstone for December.
Zircon is one of the heaviest gemstones, meaning that it will look smaller than other varieties of the same weight. It ranks a hardness between 6.5-7.5 on the Mohs Scale and is mined in Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Myanmar and Australia.
Travelers during the 11th century wore zircon amulets for protection and to encourage welcome greetings on their journeys. In the Middle Ages, the stone was said to bring wisdom and prosperity to its owner. Hindu mythology even mentions the gem when referencing the Kalpa Tree, which was a glowing tree covered with gemstone fruit and leaves of zircon.
Morganite is the soft pink, sometimes peach or lavender colored, variety of beryl. Often referred to as "pink beryl," morganite has been called "pink emerald" and "pink aquamarine" to emphasize the kinship to its popular cousins. The pastel gem is colored by trace amounts of manganese in the crystal structure. It has excellent fire and is dichroic, meaning it shows pink hues when viewed from one angle and near colorless properties from another. Almost all morganite is heat-treated to produce or enhance the pink color. Lower quality morganite occurs in colors ranging from a peach-orange to a pinkish-yellow, but once it's heat-treated, the color changes to a beautiful soft pink.
First discovered in Madagascar in 1911, morganite was named after the American banker and gem enthusiast, John Pierpont Morgan. Legend says that he went down with the Titanic, but Morgan actually missed the doomed maiden voyage and died the following year in Rome, just shy of his 76th birthday. While morganite can be found in Mozambique, Namibia, Afghanistan, Russia and the United States, the finest morganites come from Madagascar and Brazil. In fact, the largest faceted morganite came from Madagascar. It is a 598.70ct cushion-shaped stone residing in the British Museum.
Morganite's hardness ranks 7.5-8.0 on the Mohs Scale. With its dazzling luster, exquisite color and sufficient hardness, the stone is especially suitable for jewelry. Unfortunately, morganite is relatively rare. This fact alone prevents it from achieving greater popularity as a jewelry gem.
A selection of our jewelry is made of sterling palladium alloy. Palladium is a member of the platinum group of precious metals. By replacing a portion of the copper content used in standard sterling silver with palladium, this proprietary formula renders a precious metal with superior performance attributes. Sterling palladium is five times more tarnish-resistant than standard sterling silver and has strength similar to that of 14K gold.
Palladium has been used as a precious metal in jewelry since 1939, originally as an alternative to platinum for making white gold. Its naturally white color requires no rhodium plating. Additionally, palladium is proportionally much lighter than platinum and is ideal for use in heavier gemstone jewelry. It is a more expensive alloy than nickel, but it seldom causes the allergic reactions that nickel alloy can.
To care for your plated jewelry items:
Earring Back Types
Butterfly Back: A double looped piece resembling a butterfly that fits over a post. Variations on this design are called push back clasps. The basic post and butterfly back are usually used for stud earrings and lighter weight drop earrings.
Hinged Snap Backs: This clasp features a hinged post that snaps into a groove on the back of the earring. It is commonly found on hoops. Sometimes the hinged post is curved to provide more room to fit around the ear, sometimes called a saddleback.
Hook Backs: This earring backing is simply a long, bent post that fits through the piercing. Hooks have several variations, most notably the shepherd's hook and the French hook. While thin wire hooks reduce the weight of long earrings, making them more comfortable, they aren't as secure as other clasp styles.
Lever Back: A hinged lever snaps shut against the curved post to form a closed loop around the ear lobe. This clasp is very secure and good for large or medium sized styles that drop just below the ear.
Omega: Also called French clips, this clasp has a straight post and a looped lever. The hinged lever closes around the post and is held against the ear with pressure. The omega clasp is the most secure clasp, especially for the larger, heavier earrings.
Screw back: This backing is a slight variation of the standard post and butterfly nut back. Instead of pushing on the back, the nut twists onto the threaded post. A screw back post design is often preferred for expensive diamond stud earrings that require increased security.


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Antologia: Su Historia y Sus Exitos
Los Prisioneros formed in 1982 in San Miguel, Chile. This DVD covers the span of their career (before their reformation) from their early, ska-inflected, electro-punk pop songs to their lush, synthdance mega-hits that they made at the dawn of the '90s. Also included is an interview with singer Jorge Gonzalez and a few extra features that connect the contents with his narrative commentary.
The DVD begins with the band miming their song "Sexo" (with Jorge playing a broom instead of guitar) at his mom's house. The nattily dressed trio ham it up for the camcorder in what must've seemed like a goof to the inexperienced but talented band. For some reason they leave of the video for "La Voz de los '80" (one of their best) which they later performed on Sabados Gigantes which, at the time was still based in Chile (as well as pluralized) and helped catapault them to stardom.Continue Reading


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Public Funds
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Our professionals use a customized approach to match accounts and services to your specific goals. We'll help you get back to what's most important: your organization's work.
Public Fund Services
Pricing is structured to meet each organization's cash management needs, with competitive pricing, terms, and conditions. Compensating balances held at the bank can also be used to offset the charge for services.
We provide cash management services for: school districts, cities, counties, villages, townships, libraries, water and utility districts, volunteer fire departments and other public organizations; all by leveraging the same high performance tools we use for corporate cash management.
It's our honor to support organizations like these throughout our state. We're committed to making you more efficient. We understand the Ohio Revised Code and make it easy to update depository agreements in a timely manner. You can focus more on the valuable work your organization does when we help with cash management.
Cash Management Products Available to Public Fund Entities:
- Account analysis
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- Insured cash sweep (ICS)
- Investments
- Lockbox
- Positive pay
- OnSite express deposit
- Sweep arrangement


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Nov. 5, 2012
Florida State 65, Saint Leo 56
TALLAHASSEE, Fla. (seminoles.com) –
Junior Okaro White scored a game high 16 points and pulled down 10 rebounds and senior All-American Michael Saner scored 11 points and was credited with five assists to lead No. 24 Florida State to a 65-56 win over Saint Leo in the Seminoles' second and final exhibition game at the Donald L. Tucker Center. The Seminoles won both of their exhibition games and open their regular season at home against South Alabama Friday night at 7:00 p.m.
Florida State defeated Lincoln Memorial in their first exhibition game and Saint Leo on Monday. The Seminoles will raise their ACC Championship banner prior to their home opener on Friday night. The Seminoles won the first ACC Championship in school history with wins over Miami, No. 6 Duke and No. 4 North Carolina at the Philips Arena in Atlanta in March.
Florida State took its first lead of the game on a lay-up by junior guard Ian Miller which made the score 8-7; the Seminoles did not trail in the game after Miller's basket. Miller's lay-up began a 13-0 Seminole run which vaulted the Seminoles to a 19-7 lead with 11:53 left in the first half. The Seminoles would stretch their lead to as many as 14 in the first half and led 35-38 at the intermission.
White scored 11 first half points to rank as the only player to score in double figures in the first half.
Florida State opened the second half on a 13-6 run to push its lead back to 14 points at 48-34 with 14:04 left in the game. Junior Terrance Shannon led the Seminoles with four points on a dunk and a lay-up during the run to open the half. The Seminoles maintained as much as a 12 point lead during the remainder of the game before Saint Leo scored six of the final nine points of the game to cut the final margin to nine points.
White finished the game with seven made field goals and was a perfect two of two from the free throw line. He also added a team high three blocked shots and a team high-tying three steals. White averaged 17.5 points in two exhibition games and was the Seminoles' leading scorer in both games. He totaled a game-high 19 points in the Seminoles' win over Lincoln Memorial.
Freshman Montay Brandon scored 11 points as he finished a perfect six of six from the free throw line. He was also credited with one blocked shot in 16 minutes of playing time. Snaer added five assists and one steal to goal along with his 11 points while Miller scored seven points to go along with two assists, one blocked shot and one steal. Freshman Aaron Thomas totaled six points in 17 minutes of playing time.
Saint Leo, which defeated Miami (Fla.) on Friday, was led by Shaun Adams and Trent Thomas who both scored 13 points each.
Florida State limited the Lions to .324 shooting from the field, blocked eight shots and was credited with nine steals. The Seminoles were called for only three fouls and sent Lions to the free throw line for only two shots.
Florida State plays host to South Alabama (Nov. 9) and Buffalo (No. 12) in the first two rounds of the Coaches vs. Cancer Tournament to open the season. The Seminoles travel to the Barclay's Center in Brooklyn, N.Y. to play in the championship rounds of the tournament facing BYU (Nov. 16) and either Notre Dame or St. Joseph's on Nov. 17.


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Starting June 1st we will offer curbside pickup!
We're shipping on a limited schedule.
Our store is still closed to the public.
Read more...
Remo marching bass drumheads offer the ultimate combination of tone, durability, response and projection. From the classic Smooth White Ambassador and Emperor to the revolutionary pre-muffled Powermax series, Remo has the best marching bass drumhead for every application.
Featuring high-strength, heavy gauge, deep channel aluminum hoops and our renowned step collar, Remo marching bass drumheads tune up easily, maintain their pitch and offer greater durability. Legendary for their sound, playability and projection, Remo marching bass drumheads are the overwhelming choice of drum manufacturers such as Yamaha, Pearl, Dynasty and Mapex, as well as many of the top marching groups around the world.
The Smooth White Emperor marching bass drumhead combines the warm, classic sound of the Ambassador with increased durability, attack, projection and a lower fundamental tone due to its two ply 14-mil construction.


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12' X 32' Run In Horse Barn Designs
We are Eastern Ontario's Equine Run In Shelter and Horse Barn Specialist. All our Run In Horse Barns are made to order and delivered fully assembled to your location of choice. Each Run In Horse Barn design is built with you and your horses in mind. From our solid wood construction, oak kick boards, and unique drop out window design we are positive our horse shelters offer only the best superior quality and design you deserve. Contact us for more information on having your Run In horse shelter delivered today!
Standard Features for Run In Horse Barns
Stamp of Approval - All our Run In Horse Barns have engineered drawings and are built to exceed Ontario building code, so you can rest assured your horse barn is safe and structurally sound for years to come.
Add On Options For Run In Horse Barn
Run In Horse Stall Kick Board Options
Visit Run In Horse Barn Options page for more information


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Model #OFM-4824
|List Price:
|Our Price:
General Description
We're committed to exceeding your expectations:
- Found it for less? We'll match the price
- 25-Year or Limited Lifetime Warranty
Our customers come first — we guarantee it!
These industrial strength units are perfect for warehouses, factories, office supply and record rooms, maintenance departments - and everywhere else you need shelves that can really pull their weight! S-clips let you join separate units into L-shaped configurations to better utilize the nooks and corners of your office. Add extra shelves and space them as needed - because flexible shelf ability is what this is all about!
- Manufacturer:
OFM has made a name for itself as a manufacturer of creative office furniture. They offer a rich selection of office furnishings for all purposes, from storage rooms to reception areas to executive offices and more.
- Width:
- 48 in.
- Depth:
- 24 in.
- Height:
- 72 in.
- Weight:
- 56 lbs.
- Warranty:
- Limited Lifetime
- 300 LBS shelf capacity.
- 1" -diameter steel posts.
- Adjustable floor glides.
- Six s-clips included with every unit.
- Optional extra shelves available.
- Optional Casters available for easy transport.
- Lifetime Coverage: Our Limited Lifetime Warranty guarantees many years of use and enjoyment.
Product ships from factory within 3 business days or less.
We're committed to exceeding your expectations:
- Found it for less? We'll match the price
- 15-Year or Limited Lifetime Warranty
Our customers come first — we guarantee it!
Shipping & Assembly
- Ships Via:
- UPS/FedEx Ground
- Leaves Factory In:
- Approximately 1-2 days
- Assembly:
- Required
- Average Assembly Time:
- 30 Minutes
Industrial Metal Wire Shelving - 4 Shelves, 48"x24"
|List Price:
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Product Family
This product is a part of Heavy Duty Wire Shelving
There are 4 products in the family


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- these blocks will be 8″ finished (that means when it is part of the finished quilt) meaning they will measure 8 1/2″ unfinished (when you have the block pieced, but before it's part of a finished quilt.)
- You only need to make 1 of each block for the quilt we will be making, but you can always make more if you want a bigger finished quilt or multiple quilts. 🙂
- I'm so excited to see all the variations that people create. Feel free to share yours on the Virtual Quilting Bee Flickr Group if you like! I have loved seeing all the blocks so far.
- Use the hashtag #virtualquiltingbee if you're sharing on Instagram or Twitter!
- And as always, I will answer questions the best that I can in the comments section.
Have fun and happy weekend!


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Lehman Trikes has achieved recognition throughout the motorcycle community for innovation, leadership, and advancement of motorcycle trikes. Lehman Trikes are proudly made in the USA and all feature a 3-year, unlimited mileage warranty. Lehman Trikes was created with family in mind and taking care of our customers through dedication and integrity has helped Lehman Trikes become the leader in motorcycle trikes.
Lehman Trikes offers trike conversion kits for many different motorcycle brands including Harley-Davidson, Honda, Indian, and Kawasaki. Lehman Trikes also produces top-of-the-line motorcycle trike accessories to meet and exceed your motorcycle trike riding needs.
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For more information on Lehman Trikes or questions concerning our products please contact us today.


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State lawmakers are sending a strong message to former Gov. Rod Blagojevich: The state isn't going to pay up to memorialize you. Under House Bill 5109, approved by a 85-23 vote Friday in the House, state funds may not be used for a Statehouse portrait of a governor impeached and removed from office.
State lawmakers are sending a strong message to former Gov. Rod Blagojevich: The state isn't going to pay up to memorialize you.
Under House Bill 5109, approved by a 85-23 vote Friday in the House, state funds may not be used for a Statehouse portrait of a governor impeached and removed from office.
Blagojevich suffered that fate in early 2009 after a federal arrest on criminal allegations of misuse of his office. His portrait has not been commissioned for display in the Hall of Governors on the Capitol's second floor.
The bill now moves to the Senate.
"I think the lesson that we learned in history is that when you forfeit your right to hold office, I don't think it is unreasonable to say you forfeit your right to have the taxpayers memorialize your time as governor," said Rep. Bill Black, R-Danville, who sponsored the bill. "You've given up that right when you were impeached and convicted by the Illinois Senate."
The measure would allow private funds to create a portrait to be hung in the Statehouse. A portrait would likely cost up to $25,000, Black said.
Those opposed to the plan questioned whether history should be rewritten.
"They're not hung to say you are getting a honor here or you're being elected as the best governor," said Rep. Monique Davis, D-Chicago. "Those portraits are hung to show who is the governor of the state of Illinois, and I don't think we can erase that history by removing a picture."
Rep. Mike Boland, D-East Moline, said the good points of history as well as the bad need to be remembered.
"I think actually having a portrait of all the governors, including those who weren't on the right track, we'll say, is a great opportunity for young people to learn what is good and what is bad and hopefully can guard against those things that have happened in our history that weren't so enlightened," Boland said.
But Black also sees the bill as a way to save money for the state, noting he pushed the idea after being contacted by a laid-off teacher from his district.
"We do a lot of things around here and spend a lot of money on operations because we've always done that," he said. "And I think we're going to have to change our way of thinking on a bunch of things."
Black added that he didn't want to "pile on" Blagojevich.
"Quite frankly, I like the guy," he said. "But I think there's a price to be paid in public life when you are impeached and removed from office for impeachable offenses."
The debate continued even after the vote.
Davis noted the House allows George Ryan's portrait to hang in the House chamber.
"Governor Ryan looks really good hanging on that wall," she said.
Black fired back that the imprisoned former governor got into trouble long after his service as House speaker, in the early 1980s.
"That is not Governor Ryan hanging above the chamber," he said. "That is Speaker of the House George Ryan. He served admirably in that role. Now if you don't want Gov. Ryan's portrait to hang on the second floor, drop in a bill and have it taken down."
Staff writer John Guidroz contributed to this report. Matt Hopf can be reached at email@example.com.