text:
You can now follow Roger on Twitter. You can find him at @RogerAPielkeSr
Roger Pielke Sr. is now on Twitter!
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2012 Climate Science Weblog in Review by Dallas Jean Staley – A Guest Post
I hope all of our readers have a great 2013, and I hope you enjoy reading the stats for 2012. You can follow our publications at our research website. Thanks for all your support over the years! The WordPress.com stats helper monkeys prepared a 2012 annual report for this blog.
Here's an excerpt:
About 55,000 tourists visit Liechtenstein every year. This blog was viewed about 440,000 times in 2012. If it were Liechtenstein, it would take about 8 years for that many people to see it. Roger Pielke Sr.' blog had more visits than a small country in Europe!
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The Weblog Is Retiring
After writing this weblog since July 2005, I have decided to retire it. It has been a very effective venue to present a wider range of viewpoints than were typically available elsewhere during the earlier period of my posts. In recent years, of course, a range of excellent weblogs that serve this purpose have appeared [e.g. see the long list of weblogs (cataloged by their different perspectives) at the right hand side of Watts Up with That. Most of them also permit Comments, which I stopped doing several years ago.
I want to spend more of my time on research papers. The time I have been using to prepare the weblog posts can now be used effectively on peer-reviewed research papers. I also am completing the third edition of my modeling book, which will require significant time.
The past weblog posts will remain on-line for the indefinite future. I very much appreciate all of the excellent input from the readers of my weblog! I plan to continue to publish and will be using that venue to present my views.
With Best Wishes to All of You!
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Publication Of "Reply to "Comment On 'Ocean Heat Content And Earth's Radiation Imbalance. II. Relation To Climate Shifts' " by Nuccitelli Et Al. By Douglass and Knox 2012
David Douglass alerted me to his reply to
Dana Nuccitelli, Robert Way, Rob Painting, John Church, John Cook: 2012: Comment on "Ocean heat content and Earth's radiation imbalance. II. Relation to climate shifts" . Physics Letters A
D.H. Douglass, R.S. Knox, 2012: Reply to "Comment on 'Ocean heat content and Earth's radiation imbalance. II. Relation to climate shifts' " by Nuccitelli et al. Physics Letters A
The first and last paragraphs of his Reply summarize with
Nuccitelli, Way, Painting, Church and Cook [1] comment on our Letter "Ocean heat content and Earth's radiation imbalance. II. Relation to climate shifts" [2]. Their criticism is unwarranted on at least three essential grounds. (1) It is based on a misunderstanding of the climate shift concept, which is central to our Letter; (2) in making its claim of incompleteness because of neglect of the deeper ocean heat content, it ignores our statement of possible error and introduces incompatible data; (3) it over-interprets our comments about CO2 forcing. We expand on these points.
In sum, we show that the criticism of our results (change of slope in the implied FTOA at the climate shift of 2001–2002) by Nuccitelli et al. is unwarranted because they used different data of less temporal resolution. A more careful analysis of this data shows, in fact, consistency and not conflict with our results.
I recommend reading the Douglass and Knox original article, and both the Comment and Reply. The original article is
D.H. Douglass, R.S. Knox, 2012: Ocean heat content and Earth's radiation imbalance. II. Relation to climate shifts. Physics Letters A, Volume 376, Issue 14, 5 March 2012, Pages 1226-1229
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Q&A From A Group Of Retired NASA Personnel And Associates
I received a request from John Nielsen-Gammon to answer several questions that he passed on from retired NASA Personnal and Associates. I have reproduced the relevant parts below, as these may be of general interest. The website of the NASA group can be found here [http://www.therightclimatestuff.com/]
On Mon, Nov 5, 2012 at 5:27 PM, John Nielsen-Gammon wrote:
Roger –
I'm working with a group of retired NASA folks and associates who are taking an independent look at climate change. They recently came across your climate blog manifesto, and I offered to pass a couple of questions along to you. To wit:
1. When you say "humans are significantly altering the global climate", what do you mean by significant? More than nature? Just enough to be detectable? etc.
My Reply
Significant, as I intend it, means a clear detectable signal. For example, the increase of the atmospheric concentration CO2 at Mauna Loa resulting from fossil fuel activity is significant. Similarly, land use change has resulted in a clear signal of a change in the partitioning of the surface fluxes of heat and and moisture. Human input of aerosols have a well documented signal in the atmosphere and though surface deposition.
These are examples of a significant alteration of the global (and regional and local) climate by humans. There, are of course, many other examples.
2. Do you consider cloud and moisture feedbacks to fall into the human category or the natural category?
My Reply
To the extent that feedbacks are different due to human climate forcings, this part of the feedback is, of course, human caused. However, I do not know how to separate feedbacks from observations, although, of course, you can in models.
3. What are the other important human-associated climate forcings besides CO2?
For a short summary see my oral summary [https://pielkeclimatesci.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/pielke_oral_testimony.pdf] to a House Subcommittee.
My Reply
In that summary, in addition to the human radiative forcing of CO2 and a few other greenhouse gases, there are:
- The influence of human-caused aerosols on regional (and global) radiative heating
- The effect of aerosols on clouds and precipitation
- The influence of aerosol deposition (e.g. soot; nitrogen) on climate
- The effect of land cover/ land use on climate
- The biogeochemical effect of added atmospheric CO2
I summarize this in more detail in several publications and public testimony. These include:
Pielke Sr., R., K. Beven, G. Brasseur, J. Calvert, M. Chahine, R. Dickerson, D. Entekhabi, E. Foufoula-Georgiou, H. Gupta, V. Gupta, W. Krajewski, E. Philip Krider, W. K.M. Lau, J. McDonnell, W. Rossow, J. Schaake, J. Smith, S. Sorooshian, and E. Wood, 2009: Climate change: The need to consider human forcings besides greenhouse gases. Eos, Vol. 90, No. 45, 10 November 2009, 413. Copyright (2009) American Geophysical Union. https://pielkeclimatesci.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/r-354.pdf
Pielke Sr., R.A., A. Pitman, D. Niyogi, R. Mahmood, C. McAlpine, F. Hossain, K. Goldewijk, U. Nair, R. Betts, S. Fall, M. Reichstein, P. Kabat, and N. de Noblet-Ducoudré, 2011: Land use/land cover changes and climate: Modeling analysis and observational evidence. WIREs Clim Change 2011, 2:828–850. doi: 10.1002/wcc.144.
Pielke Sr., Roger A., 2008: A Broader View of the Role of Humans in the Climate System is Required In the Assessment of Costs and Benefits of Effective Climate Policy. Written Testimony for the Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality of the Committee on Energy and Commerce Hearing "Climate Change: Costs of Inaction" – Honorable Rick Boucher, Chairman. June 26, 2008, Washington, DC., 52 pp. https://pielkeclimatesci.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/testimony-written.pdf
See also the assessments
National Research Council, 2005: Radiative forcing of climate change: Expanding the concept and addressing uncertainties. Committee on Radiative Forcing Effects on Climate Change, Climate Research Committee, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Division on Earth and Life Studies, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 208 pp. http://www.nap.edu/openbook/0309095069/html/
Kabat, P., Claussen, M., Dirmeyer, P.A., J.H.C. Gash, L. Bravo de Guenni, M. Meybeck, R.A. Pielke Sr., C.J. Vorosmarty, R.W.A. Hutjes, and S. Lutkemeier, Editors, 2004: Vegetation, water, humans and the climate: A new perspective on an interactive system. Springer, Berlin, Global Change – The IGBP Series, 566 pp. http://www.springer.com/earth+sciences/meteorology/book/978-3-540-42400-0
In the EOS article, we (a group of AGU Fellows) wrote
"In addition to greenhouse gas emissions, other first-order human climate forcings are important to understanding the future behavior of Earth's climate. These forcings are spatially heterogeneous and include the effect of aerosols on clouds and associated precipitation [e.g., Rosenfeld et al., 2008], the infl uence of aerosol deposition (e.g., black carbon (soot) [Flanner et al. 2007] and reactive nitrogen [Galloway et al., 2004]), and the role of changes in land use/land cover [e.g., Takata et al., 2009]. Among their effects is their role in altering atmospheric and ocean circulation features away from what they would be in the natural climate system [NRC, 2005]. As with CO2, the lengths of time that they affect the climate are estimated to be on multidecadal time scales and longer."
I also recommend these articles
Pielke Sr., R.A., and R.L. Wilby, 2012: Regional climate downscaling – what's the point? Eos Forum, 93, No. 5, 52-53, doi:10.1029/2012EO050008. https://pielkeclimatesci.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/r-361.pdf
Pielke Sr., R.A., R. Wilby, D. Niyogi, F. Hossain, K. Dairuku, J. Adegoke, G. Kallos, T. Seastedt, and K. Suding, 2012: Dealing with complexity and extreme events using a bottom-up, resource-based vulnerability perspective. Extreme Events and Natural Hazards: The Complexity Perspective Geophysical Monograph Series 196 © 2012. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. 10.1029/2011GM001086 https://pielkeclimatesci.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/r-3651.pdf
Let me know if you would like more. :-)
Let me know if they would like further feedback. They can review other papers of mine, besides what are listed below, on my research weblog – http://cires.colorado.edu/science/groups/pielke/pubs/
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The Importance of Land Use/Land Practices On Climate – A Perspective From Jon Foley
In 2007, I posted
Presentation On Global Change and Climate Change By Jon Foley At The April 4-6, 2007 NASA Land-Cover and Land-Use Change Meeting
Jonathan Foley is the director of the Institute on the Environment (IonE) at the University of Minnesota, where he is a professor and McKnight Presidential Chair in the Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior. He also leads the IonE's Global Landscapes Initiative.
The title of Jon's talk was
As a result of a committee I am on [which I will have more to say about at a later date], there remains the misunderstanding with respect to the role of human land management on the climate system. Jon Foley's powerpoint presentation is among the very best at documenting the role of human land management as a first order climate system (and environmental) forcing.
Examples of his view (which I agree with) are summarized in his talk. These include
- massive changes to Earth's land ~40% of land converted to agriculture [from slide 7]
- massive increases in water use – water use tripled in 50 years – mostly due to agriculture – 70% irrigation, 20% industry, 10% domestic [from slide 8]
- massive release of excess nutrients doubling natural nitrogen, phosphorus flows polluted lakes and rivers coastal "dead zones" [from slide 9]
Jon introduces a key finding that
land use practices are changing quickly; much more than changing land cover [from slide 30]
With respect to greenhouse emissions, he states that
wow! global land use & agriculture, taken together, contribute more greenhouse gases than any single societal activity; altogether, agriculture and deforestation appear to contribute at least 1/3 of all GHG forcing
In regards to using a global average metric to characterize changes in the climate system, he wrote that land use
often get "washed out" in outdated climate metrics of radiative forcing and global mean temperature [from slide 44]
He writes the overarching theme of his talk includes that
Bottom Line Global Change is Much More Than CO2 and Global Warming [from slide 46]
and that
Current Focus on CO2 / Climate Connection is Very Short Sighted [from slide 54]
Jon's perspective can be read in his papers, such as
Foley et al 2005: Global Consequences of Land Use. Science. Science 22 July 2005: 570-574. [DOI:10.1126/science.1111772]
Foley et al, 2011: Solutions for a cultivated planet. Nature478, 337-342 doi:10.1038/nature10452
In his 2011 article he wrote
Agriculture is now a dominant force behind many environmental threats, including climate change, biodiversity loss and degradation of land and freshwater…. In fact, agriculture is a major force driving the environment beyond the ''planetary boundaries'' ….
I also highly recommend Jon's talk
"The Other Inconvenient Truth" – Jon Foley, TECxTC presentation. Watch the video on YouTube
Clearly, climate assessments that focus primarily on CO2 and a few other greenhouse gases are inappropriately too narrow.
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Interview With James Wynn In The English Department At Carnegie Mellon University
I was invited to answer a set of questions motivated by Anthony Watt's excellent surface temperature project [see www.surfacestations.org] project by James Wynn of the English Department at Carnegie Mellon University. The website at the University includes the brief bio]
James Wynn has published articles on rhetoric, mathematics, and science in Rhetorica, Written Communication, and 19th Century Prose. His recent interests have been in rhetoric, science, mathematics and public policy with a focus on nuclear power. He is a founder and current director of the Pittsburgh Consortium for Rhetoric and Discourse Studies.
With his permission, I have reproduced the relevant part of our e-mail exchange below [my replies are in italics]
On Fri, 2 Nov 2012, James I Wynnwrote:
Professor Pielke,
I am an Associate Professor in the English Department at Carnegie Mellon University working on a book about citizen science. In my book I intend to include a chapter on the Surface Stations project. In the process of researching, I have been trying to get a sense about the development of the project and the peril and promise involved in citizen/scientist collaborations. I was wondering whether it might be possible for me to have a brief phone interview with you about your role in the project .
I really appreciate your taking the time to read and consider my request.
James Wynn
James's questions and my answers are below
Date: Fri, 2 Nov 2012 16:43:22 -0400
From: James I Wynn <email@example.com>
To: 'Roger A Pielke Sr' <firstname.lastname@example.com>
Subject: RE: Interview Request for Citizen Science Book
Here are my questions. I appreciate your taking the time to answer them.
All the Best,
1. To what extent and in what ways were you involved in developing the Surface Stations project? What persuaded you to get involved? Please provide some detail about your involvement and motivations.
The first part of this is question, of course, is more appropriate for Anthony Watts to answer. With respect to my involvement, I have been 100% in support of what Anthony has successfully completed. My interest in this subject was reported, for example, in our papers
Hanamean, J.R. Jr., R.A. Pielke Sr., C.L. Castro, D.S. Ojima, B.C. Reed, and Z. Gao, 2003: Vegetation impacts on maximum and minimum temperatures in northeast Colorado. Meteorological Applications, 10, 203-215. https://pielkeclimatesci.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/r-254.pdf
Davey, C.A., and R.A. Pielke Sr., 2005: Microclimate exposures of surface-based weather stations – implications for the assessment of long-term temperature trends. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., Vol. 86, No. 4, 497–504. https://pielkeclimatesci.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/r-274.pdf
It took several years for this later paper to get through the review process since there was resistance to publish such a critique in the quality of station siting.
The resistance of NCDC, under Tom Karl, to questioning of siting quality is clearly illustrated in the attempt by Tom Karl, as Lead on the CCSP 1.1 report, to prevent the assessment of this siting issue as well as other issues on the spatial representativeness and accuracy of those data. This issue is summarized in my Public Comment
Pielke Sr., Roger A., 2005: Public Comment on CCSP Report "Temperature Trends in the Lower Atmosphere: Steps for Understanding and Reconciling Differences". 88 pp including appendices. https://pielkeclimatesci.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/nr-143.pdf
Other papers followed which built on examining the issue of the value of land surface temperatures in diagnosing multi-decadal surace temperature changes. These include
Pielke Sr., R.A., T. Stohlgren, W. Parton, J. Moeny, N. Doesken, L. Schell, and K. Redmond, 2000: Spatial representativeness of temperature measurements from a single site. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 81, 826-830. https://pielkeclimatesci.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/r-221.pdf
Pielke Sr., R.A., T. Stohlgren, L. Schell, W. Parton, N. Doesken, K. Redmond, J. Moeny, T. McKee, and T.G.F. Kittel, 2002: Problems in evaluating regional and local trends in temperature: An example from eastern Colorado, USA. Int. J. Climatol., 22, 421-434. https://pielkeclimatesci.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/r-234.pdf
Pielke Sr., R.A. J. Nielsen-Gammon, C. Davey, J. Angel, O. Bliss, N. Doesken, M. Cai., S. Fall, D. Niyogi, K. Gallo, R. Hale, K.G. Hubbard, X. Lin, H. Li, and S. Raman, 2007: Documentation of uncertainties and biases associated with surface temperature measurement sites for climate change assessment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 88:6, 913-928. https://pielkeclimatesci.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/r-318.pdf
Pielke Sr., R.A., C. Davey, D. Niyogi, S. Fall, J. Steinweg-Woods, K. Hubbard, X. Lin, M. Cai, Y.-K. Lim, H. Li, J. Nielsen-Gammon, K. Gallo, R. Hale, R. Mahmood, S. Foster, R.T. McNider, and P. Blanken, 2007: Unresolved issues with the assessment of multi-decadal global land surface temperature trends. J. Geophys. Res., 112, D24S08, doi:10.1029/2006JD008229. https://pielkeclimatesci.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/r-321.pdf
Pielke Sr., R.A., C. Davey, D. Niyogi, S. Fall, J. Steinweg-Woods, K. Hubbard, X. Lin, M. Cai, Y.-K. Lim, H. Li, J. Nielsen-Gammon, K. Gallo, R. Hale, R. Mahmood, S. Foster, R.T. McNider, and P. Blanken, 2009: Reply to comment by David E. Parker, Phil Jones, Thomas C. Peterson, and John Kennedy on "Unresolved issues with the assessment of multi-decadal global land surface temperature trends. J. Geophys. Res., 114, D05105, doi:10.1029/2008JD010938. https://pielkeclimatesci.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/r-321a.pdf
Jamiyansharav, K., D. Ojima, and R.A. Pielke Sr., 2006: Exposure characteristics of the Mongolian weather stations. Atmospheric Science Paper No. 779, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, 75 pp. https://pielkeclimatesci.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/nr-145.pdf
McNider, R.T., G.J. Steeneveld, B. Holtslag, R. Pielke Sr, S. Mackaro, A. Pour Biazar, J.T. Walters, U.S. Nair, and J.R. Christy, 2012: Response and sensitivity of the nocturnal boundary layer over land to added longwave radiative forcing. J. Geophys. Res., doi:10.1029/2012JD017578 https://pielkeclimatesci.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/r-371.pdf
Fall, S., A. Watts, J. Nielsen-Gammon, E. Jones, D. Niyogi, J. Christy, and R.A. Pielke Sr., 2011: Analysis of the impacts of station exposure on the U.S. Historical Climatology Network temperatures and temperature trends. J. Geophys. Res., 116, D14120, doi:10.1029/2010JD015146.Copyright (2011) American Geophysical Union. https://pielkeclimatesci.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/r-367.pdf
This last paper is the first formal peer-reviewed paper resulting from the effective research collaboration with Anthony.
2. Were you involved in the writing or editing of Watts's report Is the U.S. Surface Temperature Record Reliable? (2009)? If you were, please provide some detail about your contributions to the document.
I did not directly work with Anthony on his excellent report
3. To what degree, in your estimation, did Watt's report offer an appropriate (fair/balanced) treatment of Surface Stations findings? What sorts of criticisms did it provoke in the scientific community? Please include only ones that might be considered reasonable.
Anthony's work has had a major impact on NCDC. Not only was he invited to present a lecture at NCDC, but his work has been used by NCDC both in at least one of their published papers, and in removing poorly sited locations from their sata set. Anthony involved expertise in the climate community, including John Neilson-Gammon at Texas A&M who is Texas State Climatologist. I recommend you ask Anthony about this, including how NCDC inappropriately, in our view, used Anthony's data.
In the BEST project, Richard Muller used Anthony's siting data in this analysis. While I disagree with the conclusions claimed by Muller (he has grossly misinterpreted and overstated the BEST findings as I have documented in my weblog), the BEST use of Anthony's data illustrates that the surface station project led by Anthony is a robust scientific endeavor.
4. What challenges/resistance did you face personally/professionally because of your collaboration with Watts? What has motivated you to work with skeptical members of the public despite these challenges?
I disagree with the term "skeptics" as used in the climate discussion as I view it as pejorative.
I work with colleagues of all perspectives. Anthony Watts clearly has established himself as a respect scientific colleague.
There has been push back, however, because I have worked with those who do not accept the IPCC conclusions as scientifically complete. This has affected my funding, for example. However, it has not altered my ability to publish in the peer reviewed literature as many of my colleagues share my disagreements with significant aspects of the CCSP and IPCC reports. This shared view can be seen in the multi-authorship list of my publications on this subject. Another example directly related to the surface temperature siting issue is the paper
Mahmood, R., R.A. Pielke Sr., K.G. Hubbard, D. Niyogi, G. Bonan, P. Lawrence, B. Baker, R. McNider, C. McAlpine, A. Etter, S. Gameda, B. Qian, A. Carleton, A. Beltran-Przekurat, T. Chase, A.I. Quintanar, J.O. Adegoke, S. Vezhapparambu, G. Conner, S. Asefi, E. Sertel, D.R. Legates, Y. Wu, R. Hale, O.W. Frauenfeld, A. Watts, M. Shepherd, C. Mitra, V.G. Anantharaj, S. Fall,R. Lund, A. Nordfelt, P. Blanken, J. Du, H.-I. Chang, R. Leeper, U.S. Nair, S. Dobler, R. Deo, and J. Syktus, 2010: Impacts of land use land cover change on climate and future research priorities. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 91, 37–46, DOI: 10.1175/2009BAMS2769.1 https://pielkeclimatesci.files.wordpress.com/2010/02/r-323.pdf
I also recommend these weblog posts to provide examples of the difficulties and biases that are introduced when one deviates from the IPCC perspective
5. What role, in your opinion, should scientist play in engaging the public on issues of public controversy? To what extent do you believe your opinion is shared by other members/organizations in your field?
In answer to your second question, as one example, I solicited colleagues within the AGU who are Fellows to write an article that provides a more scientifically robust view than presented by the IPCC. This is just one example that illustrates that my views are shared by quite a few climate scientists. This article is
Pielke Sr., R., K. Beven, G. Brasseur, J. Calvert, M. Chahine, R. Dickerson, D. Entekhabi, E. Foufoula-Georgiou, H. Gupta, V. Gupta, W. Krajewski, E. Philip Krider, W. K.M. Lau, J. McDonnell, W. Rossow, J. Schaake, J. Smith, S. Sorooshian, and E. Wood, 2009: Climate change: The need to consider human forcings besides greenhouse gases. Eos, Vol. 90, No. 45, 10 November 2009, 413. Copyright (2009) American Geophysical Union. https://pielkeclimatesci.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/r-354.pdf
Other examples of the wider acceptance of my views are in the papers
McAlpine, C.A., W.F. Laurance, J.G. Ryan, L. Seabrook, J.I. Syktus, A.E. Etter, P.M. Fearnside, P. Dargusch, and R.A. Pielke Sr. 2010: More than CO2: A broader picture for managing climate change and variability to avoid ecosystem collapse. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 2:334-336, DOI10.1016/j.cosust.2010.10.001. https://pielkeclimatesci.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/r-355.pdf
Pielke Sr., R.A., A. Pitman, D. Niyogi, R. Mahmood, C. McAlpine, F. Hossain, K. Goldewijk, U. Nair, R. Betts, S. Fall, M. Reichstein, P. Kabat, and N. de Noblet-Ducoudré, 2011: Land use/land cover changes and climate: Modeling analysis and observational evidence. WIREs Clim Change 2011, 2:828–850. doi: 10.1002/wcc.144. https://pielkeclimatesci.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/r-369.pdf
In terms of how to involve scientists in working with policymakers, I recommend my son's books
The Honest Broker
The Climate Fix
6. If there are challenges/barriers to scientists' engagement with the public, what sort of solutions, in your opinion, would improve current practices?
I recommend my son's books which I have listed above.
I also have urged a reframing of the issue. This is summarized in our paper\
Pielke Sr., R.A., R. Wilby, D. Niyogi, F. Hossain, K. Dairuku, J. Adegoke, G. Kallos, T. Seastedt, and K. Suding, 2012: Dealing with complexity and extreme events using a bottom-up, resource-based vulnerability perspective. Extreme Events and Natural Hazards: The Complexity Perspective Geophysical Monograph Series 196 © 2012. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. 10.1029/2011GM001086 https://pielkeclimatesci.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/r-3651.pdf
where we concluded that
We discuss the adoption of a bottom-up, resource-based vulnerability approach in evaluating the effect of climate and other environmental and societal threats to societally critical resources. This vulnerability concept requires the determination of the major threats to local and regional water, food, energy, human health, and ecosystem function resources from extreme events including those from climate but also from other social and environmental issues. After these threats are identified for each resource, then the relative risks can be compared with other risks in order to adopt optimal preferred mitigation/adaptation strategies. This is a more inclusive way of assessing risks, including from climate variability and climate change, than using the outcome vulnerability approach adopted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). A contextual vulnerability assessment using the bottom-up, resource-based framework is a more inclusive approach for policy makers to adopt effective mitigation and adaptation methodologies to deal with the complexity of the spectrum of social and environmental extreme events that will occur in the coming decades as the range of threats are assessed, beyond just the focus on CO2 and a few other greenhouse gases as emphasized in the IPCC assessments.
This summary below is also how I have been framing the climate science issue
The natural Earth's climate system is highly nonlinear in which forcings and response are not necessarily proportional; thus change is often episodic and abrupt, rather than slow and gradual. Climate has always changed over time. As Earth's population has grown, however, human climate forcings have become significant on the local, regional and global scales. These human forcings include greenhouse gas emissions, aerosol emissions and deposition [e.g., black carbon (soot) and reactive nitrogen], and changes in land use and land cover. A number of these forcings are spatially heterogeneous and include the effect of aerosols on clouds and associated precipitation. Among their effects is their role in altering atmospheric and ocean circulation features away from what they would be in the natural climate system. The greenhouse emissions and aerosol emissions, in particular, have resulted in changes to the global average radiative forcings. Most, if not all, of these human influences on regional and global climate will continue to be of concern during the coming decades. Changes in the global radiative forcings (global warming or cooling) are a subset of climate change
I followed up with
Hi James
Thanks! I will plan to post later this week. See below for my follow up.
Best Regards
James had a follow up request for clarification [again my replies are in italics]
On Sun, Nov 4, 2012 at 8:43 AM, James I Wynn <firstname.lastname@example.com> wrote:
You have my permission to publish my questions and your answers. The book will take some time to finish so you needn't worry about interfering with that.
I would also appreciate it if you could elaborate a bit on some of your answers to my questions.
- In question three I asked about the appropriateness of the Surface Stations findings in the report Is the U.S. Surface Temperature Record Reliable? (2009). I wanted to get your perspective on whether the fact that in this report Watts jumps from the data about the stations to conclusions about their effect on temperature bias (p.16) to policy recommendations (p. 17) was something you were comfortable/uncomfortable with and/or something that opened the report up to critique from other members of the climate science community.
Anthony recommended the following
These findings lead me to make the following suggestions to NOAA/NCDC:
• An independently managed and comprehensive quality-control program should be implemented by NOAA/NWS to determine the best stations in the network.
• A pristine dataset should be produced from the best stations and then compared to the remainder of the USHCN network to quantify the total magnitude of bias.
• Users of the current USHCN data should be advised of the quality-control issues so that they may reexamine results derived from such data.
• NOAA should undertake a comprehensive effort to improve the siting of the stations and correct the temperature record for contamination that has been observed to occur during the past two decades."
I agree with each. NCDC has done a poor job of quality controlling their network (and this is also true for many countries around the world whose data is used to create the GHCN). If it was not for Anthony, we would not have had any movement on this issue from NCDC.
Indeed, while I was State Climatologist for Colorado, we had a small contract to photograph USHCN sites in Colorado. We provided the photographs to NCDC (and, unfortunately did not retain copies). Later when we sought to obtain them we were refused. Anthony's outstanding project leapfrogged over this bureaucratic roadblock.
- You mention that you disagree with the term "skeptics" to refer to Watts or other people who challenge climate change. What term would you prefer to use instead?
I am not aware who disagrees that changes in climate occur. The term "climate change" is itself redundant. Climate is always changing; e.g. see my post
Excellent New Paper "The Climate Is Not What You Expect" By Lovejoy and Schertzer 2012
Anthony Watts is as much a part of the climate science community as are those who wrote the IPCC reports. It is just that those who wrote those reports consciously decided to exclude viewpoints such as Anthony's. You can see my letter as to why I resigned from participation in the IPCC process in 1995 (and was never asked again).
My 1995 Resignation Letter From The IPCC
- In answer to my fifth and sixth questions, your response seems to be that scientists can engage with the public by working with them at the local-level to assess the socio-economic effects of climate forcing. In the context of your work with Watts, however, there seems to be a broader national scope and the issue being addressed is the credibility of the science at the base of an important socio-political issue. This is not to suggest that your mission was to challenge the credibility of the institutions doing the science but to bring awareness and fill in holes in the scientific knowledge about temperature biases. So what I want to know is whether there are a broader set of roles for scientists. Also, when you answer about the challenges to working with the public your answer seems to explain the challenge of solving the problem of climate change rather than the challenges generally of working with the public. I am very much interested in the latter.
I endorse the policy approach recommended in my son's book The Climate Fix.
Anthony's work on the surface temperature data is an excellent example of applying the scientific method to a particular climate metric which is being used for policy applications.
His website Watts Up With That provides an effective venue for individuals from all perspectives to constructively discuss climate science more broadly and policy actions that are needed to deal with threats from climate and other environmental risks. This risks involve local, regional and global issues.
- Finally, I wanted you to know that I have conducted a phone interview with Anthony about the project.
Thank you for confirming that.
Comments Off on Interview With James Wynn In The English Department At Carnegie Mellon University
Filed under Q & A on Climate Science


text:
via Gizmodo by John Mahoney on 12/30/08
Accompanying a long piece on the future of NASA's Orion/Constellation system, the NYTimes threw together a nice Flash graphic detailing the individual components of what may or may not (ahem Fianciapocalypse) replace the Space Shuttle.
While the written piece prods and pokes at the budgetary and bureaucratic challenges (shocker!) NASA is jumping through to get their plan for Constellation (which includes the Apollo-like Orion capsule, a lunar lander and two rockets, the Ares I and larger Ares V) off the ground, the graphic is a great 90-second summary of what will probably be our main space vehicle system for many years to come.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Link to Manufacturer's Website: Enter link to the external review
If you know that your cell phone is not just a tool to implement mobile calls, browsing social networks and other mobile technologies-related tasks, but also appreciated fashion accessory, you will certainly have wondered how it so well myself distinguished from drab colors, in which the phones are often made.
As you know, smartphones allow you to make calls, browse social networks and much more on-the-go, but apart from that, they can make a strong fashion statement. So you've probably already wondered how to stand out from the crowd of dull colors and provide some additional scratch-resistance to your precious gadget.
Skinzone, a renowned manufacturer in the field of mobile phone accessories has come up with a solution that lets you really express yourself. Cooperating with an expert on novel and unique mobile prints, or skins, Skinzone delivers unprecedented freedom in dressing up your devices. You can even upload your own theme which then adorns your gadget as well as protects it.
With Skinzone, you can customize your Apple iPhone 5 or 5S into a stylish handset that will definitely attract attention of your friends and colleagues.
Intended for:
Apple iPhone 5 / 5S
Specifications can be changed without notice. Images are for illustrative purposes only. Retail Price (MSRP) means the manufacturer's/supplier's suggested retail price.
Link to Manufacturer's Website: Enter link to the external review


text:
when user hit up key, jump get set to true and when user let go of up key jump get set to false.
gravity = 2
velocity = 20
y = y postion of my player
1st - if i hold up key my player go up 20 pics, but when i keep on going down for ever.
2nd - if i hit up key and let go, then hit up key and let go, and so on ..... it keep on going up for ever.
while(true){ if(jump == true){ velocity -= gravity; y -= velocity; } else if(jump == false){ velocity = 20; } }
problem #2 is bc i am seting velocity = 20 in else if. to fix this problem i can just del the statment.
problem #1 is really hard and i cant find a good sloution for it. may be if i have a test inside of
if(jump == true){


text:
|Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Lu Kang's Regular Press Conference on September 26, 2017
At the invitation of Foreign Minister Wang Yi, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates Ayman Safadi of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan will pay an official visit to China from September 26 to 28.
Q: According to reports, the ROK President Moon Jae-in yesterday said that during his presence at the General Debate of the UN General Assembly, the most important outcome is to reaffirm the principle that the international community should peacefully resolve the Korean Peninsula nuclear issue while imposing high pressure and sanctions on the DPRK. The ROK Foreign Minister Kang Kyung-wha also said that imposing pressure and sanctions on the DPRK serves as the diplomatic means to bring the DPRK back to the serious negotiating table for denuclearization instead of aiming to disintegrate or bring down the DPRK. What is China's comment on this?
A: We have taken note of the relevant report. The statements made by the ROK top officials accord with China's consistent position that the Korean Peninsula nuclear issue should be peacefully resolved through political and diplomatic means and the DPRK-related resolutions of the UN Security Council should be implemented in a comprehensive and complete manner. We have kept stressing that all the DPRK-related resolutions adopted by the UN Security Council contain two aspects. On the one hand, these resolutions reflect the position of the international community to oppose the development of nuclear weapons on the part of the DPRK. On the other hand, they also reaffirm the commitment to peacefully resolving the Korean Peninsula nuclear issue through political and diplomatic means and support the resumption of the Six-Party Talks and the commitments made in the September 19 Joint Statement. These two aspects are equally important and they can neither be overemphasized nor overlooked. The sanctions only serve as the means and the goal is to urge the DPRK to take seriously the common concerns of the international community and come back to the right track of settling the issue through dialogue and consultation at an early date.
We agree with what the ROK Foreign Minister Kang Kyung-wha said that the aim of imposing sanctions and pressure is not to bring down the DPRK. With regard to this issue, we also agree with the Four Nos promise which has been reiterated by US Secretary of State Rex Tillerson once and again. We hope that the US and the ROK can earnestly translate these commitments into concrete actions. We also hope that the DPRK can work for the shared goal.
Q: Does China still have diplomatic channels to communicate with the DPRK to express its concerns about the situation on the Korean Peninsula? The DPRK Foreign Minister said that President Trump's comments amounted to a declaration of war and that the DPRK is ready to shoot down US bombers. Is the Chinese side concerned about this?
A: We maintain normal diplomatic communication and contacts with all relevant parties, including the DPRK.
You mentioned the remarks of the DPRK Foreign Minister at the UN General Assembly yesterday and the seemingly escalation of the war of rhetoric between the US and the DPRK which has once again aroused the concerns from the international community. Regarding this issue, we have noted the relevant report. I believe the friends from the press have also noted that the US has explicitly denied that it has declared war on the DPRK. The US also said that it will seek peaceful means to realize the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula. I do not know whether you have also noted that H.R. McMaster, the US President's National Security Adviser, also said yesterday that there is no easy military solution to the Korean Peninsula issue and there is not a military blockade that can solve the issue. He added that ultimately it would come down to an international effort.
Recently, we have heard so much vociferous call for taking military measures to resolve the Korean peninsula issue. We hope that the statesmen from both the US and the DPRK can have sufficient political judgment to realize that resorting to military force will never be a viable option to resolve the Korean Peninsula issue and address their own concerns. We hope that the statesmen from both the US and the DPRK can also come to recognize that being bent on assertiveness and provocating each other will only increase the risk of confrontation and conflict and reduce the room for their own policy maneuvers. War on the Korean Peninsula will produce no winners and it will even bring misfortune to regional countries. Bearing in mind our consistent position that the Chinese side opposes war and chaos on the Korean Peninsula, we strongly disapprove of escalating the war of rhetoric between the US and the DPRK.
Q: While visiting China yesterday, US Secretary of Commerce Wilbur Ross called for the fair and reciprocal treatment of US enterprises in China. Do you have any comment on that?
A: During the visit of US Secretary of Commerce Wilbur Ross to China, Premier Li Keqiang and Vice Premier Wang Yang met with him respectively. Minister of Commerce Zhongshan also held good talks with him. The visit of US Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross aims to follow through on the consensus reached by the heads of the two states, further promote the economic cooperation and trade between the US and China and lay the groundwork for President Trump's state visit to China this year. We have released the relevant information on the meetings and talks of Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross. You can refer to it attentively.
As for whether the US enterprises have received fair treatment in China, the competent officials of China's Ministry of Commerce have also made relevant statements recently and you can also refer to them. I would like to give a brief reply that the China-US economic relations and trade, which has enjoyed growth over the past nearly four decades, is mutually beneficial in nature. I have said before and I want to repeat that if the China-US economic relations and trade was only beneficial to the Chinese side and did no good to the US, the US entrepreneurs would not have operated in China for so many years and their non-financial direct investment in China would not have maintained the momentum of growth.


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Join NBC 5's Mark Hayes and Elite News at the 27th Annual Elite News Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Parade and Festival on Monday, January 21. Hayes is one of the celebrity Parade Marshalls.
The Annual Elite News Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Day Parade and Festival will begin promptly at 10:00 am at the corner of Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard & Lamar Street in Dallas. The parade will proceed eastbound on Martin Luther King, Jr. Blvd. towards Fair Park. The parade ranks as one of the top five celebrations commemorating Dr. King in the country.
After the parade, head over to the Tower Building in Fair Park for the Annual Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Festival including activities and events for all ages. Admission is free, so don't miss it!
The latest news from around North Texas.
The Elite News Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day Parade and Festival is a historical community event held in Dallas, Texas to commemorate and celebrate the life and legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., prominent leader of the modern American Civil Rights Movement. Proceeds from the annual event provide scholarships to local high school seniors in their pursuit of a higher education.
Highlights for this year's parade include an opening performance by Dallas Black Dance Theatre II, NFL Hall of Fame Legend Earl Campbell, Prairie View A&M Marching Storm Band, the mighty Callaway High School Marching Band of Jackson, Mississippi, Ronald McDonald, comedian Earthquake, actress KiKi Shephard and many more.
The festival features celebrity appearances by NFL Hall of Fame Legend Earl Campbell, comedian Earthquake, actress KiKi Shepard, hip hop artist Paul Wall and a host of others riding in the parade with Ronald McDonald on hand to greet young spectators. Area health and wellness resource centers will be set up, along with many restaurants and caterers providing food and beverages. Admission to the festival is free.
The parade is set for Monday, January 21, starting at 10:00 a.m. The parade route will begin on Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard and Lamar Street and continue eastbound on Martin Luther King Jr. ending at Robert B. Cullum Boulevard. There will be two (2) parade performances zones located at Atlanta Street and in front of the Martin Luther King Jr. Community Center. Spectators are encouraged to get there early.
The festival will be held on Monday, January 21, with doors opening to the public at 10:00 a.m. Admission is free to the general public.
For more information, visit www.dfwelitenews.com or call 214-372-6500.


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|Turning PC into Apple Macintosh: Hackintosh
|Articles - Featured Guides
|Written by David Ramsey
|Sunday, 10 October 2010
Page 1 of 7
Turning PC Into Apple Macintosh: Hackintosh
Even the most jaded Microsoft Windows fan will admit, grudgingly, to an occasional bout of "Mac curiosity". Since Steve Jobs' return in the late 1990s as part of Apple's acquisition of NeXT, Apple's trajectory has risen, and they currently sell several million Macs per quarter, representing (depending on whose analysis you read) about a 10% share of the domestic PC market and landing them in the top 5 computer companies in terms of U.S. sales. Their market capitalization current ranks them as the second largest company in the world, and they may overtake Exxon this year.
A "Hackintosh" is a computer that runs Apple's OS X operating system on non-Apple hardware. This has been possible since Apple's switch from IBM's PowerPC processors to Intel processors a few years ago. Until recently, building a PC-based Mac was something done only by hard-core hackers and technophiles, but in the last few months, building a Hackintosh PC has become much easier. Benchmark Reviews looks at what it's possible to do with PC hardware and the Mac Snow Leopard OS today, and the pros and cons of the building a Hackintosh computer system over purchasing a supported Apple Mac Pro.
Before we get started, I'd like to mention a few warnings and caveats:
(While Apple is routinely derided for its "proprietary" attitudes, Hackintoshes probably wouldn't be possible without Darwin. Darwin represents the core operating system functionality under OS X, and Apple releases a new version of the Darwin source code under the Apple Public Source License with each major update of OS X. The current version of Darwin, 10.4.0, was released on June 15, 2010, to correspond with the OS X 10.6.4 upgrade. Darwin source code is an invaluable resource for those working in the Hackintosh trenches.)
That said, getting a Hackintosh going is kinda fun. This article describes my experience doing so, and the pros and cons of this approach.
Full disclosure: I worked for Apple in the late 1980s and am the author of "MacPaint 2.0". I use Macs for all my serious work and consider PCs to be best suited for video games.
EDITORS NOTE: Benchmark Reviews has also published an updated Apple Hackintosh: Moving to Intel Sandy Bridge article, as well as our Budget Hackintosh PC Build Project, Hackintosh OS X Software Installation, and Hackintosh Performance Hardware Options.
This is such an interesting article. I've been tempted to build a hackintosh for years, and I've even downloaded all the software for my needs, but never finished the project as I don't see why should I use OSX (other than curiosity, for now).
You said you use Macs for all your serious work, but, should I ask which kind of work is it? I expect it to be something like design or similar, but it might be just me with a generic idea (many people think so) which could be wrong.
##folklore.org/StoryView.py?project=Macintosh&story=Evolution_of_a_class ic.txt&topic=MacPaint&sortOrder=Sort%20by%20Date&detail=medium
Try to match this performance w/ a MAC Pro:
CPU: Intel 920 C0 stepping OC: 3.8 181 x 21
RAM: OCZ Gold 7-7-7-22-80 x12GBs @ 1448Ghz (Lots of headroom still)
vCore at load: 1.29
Ram v. 1.65
MB: Gig X58 U5 v.2 | BIOS FA
PSU: Kingwin 1000wt Mach 1 Modular
CASE: CMS 830 Stacker Aluminum
Note this build is almost two years old now.
Again, I really don't need OS X for my work, and I doubt I'll need it soon. But I still can do "serious work" in my PC as many other people do. I do documents, write articles, do calculations and algorithms , program on ASP, C++,C#, edit photos, etc on my PC. That's just MY serious work.
Mac pro's destroy your current set up.
Dont get me wrong here, I love MacOSX, its a lovely operating system, but I also use Ubuntu and Windows 7 on an almost daily basis and I have one conclusion: no one operating system is all things to all people. Pick what you like, just expect to pay more for the shininess of a Mac.
Motherboard: ASUS rampage III ROG extreme edition
CPU: i7 980 xe OC to 4.3 ghz
GPUs: GTX 480s in dual sli settup sc edtion by EVGA
Drive: crucial real ssd drive c300 sta 6gig/sec sata connection 256gigs
corsair 6 gigs 2000 mhz 7 8 7 20 timings
case: corsair obsidian 800d (+ 3 coolermaster 2000 rpm @ 19dpi )
cooler: corsair H50
PSU: Anetc quad 1200 watt
OS: win 7 64 bit
for $4k
Dells configuration with similar specs not as good on the on the SSD, OCing,and memory, $5749 before shipping and taxes
ASUS P6X58D-E Premium
i7 920 (stock clock - CM V8 Air Cool)
GTX 480 (stock clock usually, sometimes an O.C.)
OCZ Gold 6GB 1600mhz
Antec 1200
Corsair TX 850W
win7 pro 64
ASUS 25.5" LCD (1920x1200) dual w/ Vizio 26" (720p) HDTV
Mine cost about 2500...after the mods I did (added cold cathodes, a modded military switch to the front of the case, and filled up the optional fan bays with good fans).
@David Ramsey nice find!
1. Open Office
2. WinAmp +full function plugins
3. ISO tools of many flavors
4. Gaming 3rd party apps
5. Encoders/converters/VOBs
6. Utilities, such as CPUz, SpeedFan (and the like)
7. Millions of things I could never do w/o
8. What software runs more efficiently or faster under MAC than under Win7 x64?
I think people buy Macs for the very reason people who buy PCs will never use MACS--options.
What do you gain buy using the MAC OS that you do not have with Win 7 Ultimate x64?
1. Open Office is a Java-based system and has been available for the Mac since day one. The Mac version is mentioned on the home page of OpenOffice.org, fer crissakes.
2. iTunes is free for every Mac. There are dozens of free plugins for iTunes.
3. Standard OS X handles ISOs just fine. Imaging, burning, etc.
4. Gaming. OK, I'll give you that one. But we're getting there...Steam for the Mac!
5. Encoders/converters/VOBs. You did read the article, right? Handbrake? Not to mention VLC and others.
6. There are lots of utilities available for the Mac. iStat, smcFanControl, etc.
7. Dunno what things you could "never do without", so I can't respond here.
8. Professional video and audio software for one.
1. Apple doesn't use a TPM for OS X. Several currently supported machines don't even have them, IIRC. Here's a good detailed explanation: ##osxbook.com/book/bonus/chapter7/tpmdrmmyth/
2. Open Office uses a little java, but it not "java-based" for most sane definitions you could apply to that term. The vast bulk of it is written in C++. And it hasn't been around for Mac since day one by any stretch. That port took a couple of years once the source was released.
3. The earliest hackintosh work was definitely not done on netbooks. People started building hackintoshes practically as soon as an intel build leaked from one of the transition kits, late 2005. The netbook craze started sometime in 2007.
These are definitely just nits, though. I like the thrust of your article.
Took your advice and started doing some updated research, and I was really happy with the changes in the MAC OS.
I've never liked Windows as a platform, and liked it only as a OS because of the multitude of software options available for it--that's the ONLY reason. I was under the wrong impression that the MAC OS was another Windows type platform, but with much less options for Open Source and 3rd party software. Using BSD is just a no brainer, and I never understood why Gates or Jobs didn't adopt Unix as a core in the 70s. If I were Bill Gates, this is what would scare me the most--BSD! Windows core can never compete with BSD.
I don't want iTunes--Yucki. Thanks for slapping me.
OS X is a fully certified Unix operating system. And because it is, there are 10's of THOUSANDS of *nix applications available for it. MacPorts.org has specific ports of thousands of popular unix utils and apps that run great under OS X.
I do use Windows 7, XP, OS/X and Linux and don't find any of the OSs that much better. I do like that that ISO tools are not needed for the most part on Linux or the mac since they are baked in.
As to the millions of things you can not do without? Like what?
Really I would have to say your post comes from a point of ignorance and arrogance.
OS/X is a very good environment it is just different from windows 7. Windows 7 has gotten much better and is a better OS than XP or that stinker Vista.
Final Cut Pro
Logic Pro
You know, the good production programs!
I brought 3 Dell mini 10 computers for members of my family. I work on computers 9 to 10 hours a day and would like to rest when I get home. I do not want to remove viruses, or be bothered with other issues with windows.
I installed OSX on all three and have not had any problems at all. Recently my wife received a toshiba running windows 7 and the feces hit the fan. Now I have to deal with her computer randomly disabling her wifi card and the annoying av warnings. WTF?
I can't see me ever giving up my Windows based gaming PC's, but having a Mac around is nice.
You can not compare a dual-xeon platform by comparing it with a platform corei7.
You can not compare a 8800GT with a 5870!
everything is just ridiculous!
does not say anything about the performance difference to the level that is if using hardware and software other than the official macintosh but with similar performance characteristics may change.
It 'obvious that if you prepare a configuration much more handsome than the official Macintosh, the first will be better!
2. If you're really concerned with how many different wave form generators you can play with, then so be it.
3. Disk Utility handles all drive imaging functions
4. Meh, I make money with my Mac.
5. OSX can read and produce any video format
6. Meh again
7. oooo, burn
8. Mac OSX. nuff said
so, as some1 state earlier, if this is not the "road to awe" for mac (and maybe it's not) it is clear a proof that if u know what u're doin' u can achieve better results by yourself, scr*win' the "brand machines" either mac or pc.
yes it has drawbacks. but to me the more important is that IT WORKS. the gap between Win and OS is smaller every day. from my professional POV, mac has FCP. the only big deal nowadays. but that's just me.
And yes there are still reasons to do this hybrid. the best one is to research, to find out, to solve to know how. this way we'll be out of the blurry minds republica who pay only cause they can't. or don't know how. and companies LOVE that. apple, windows, etc.
Ah, and if u disagree with this i have the perfect solution: buy a notebook mac AND a console. u'll be happy like an sheik (no offence) with an S-klasse. and never know what's inside. seems fair to me.
That was a deal finalized in 1996, with Jobs taking CEO position at Apple in 1997. So that would be late last century, not the early part of this one.
Whither journalism.
Mac OS is built on BSD not Linux.
To me, it isn't so much running Mac OS on non-Apple hardware. It's getting a midrange, expandable hardware platform. I don't need raw horsepower for what I do but want to poke around, add drives, RAID etc. that isn't possible on Macs lower than the MacPro. I have preferred a U*ix based OS to Windows (and pre-OSX Macintosh). When OSX came out, I though I was in the land of milk and honey. As Linux has matured, it is getting closer and closer to a 'no brainer' OS which has the open source and U*nx capabilities of OSX. So, to me, it's a case of a Hackintosh or running a U*nix workalike on midrange hardware. Right now, if Apple doesn't bring out expandable midrange hardware, I might be going Linux/NetBSD/OpenBSD/FreeBSD....
Apple Mac Pro total cost: $3,974.00
This in itself is crap -- the $3,974 refers to the 12 core version, the Hacintosh is only using a 4 core processor. The actual price for a 4 core Mac Pro is £1999 (although it does say 'starting at', maybe you don't get as good a graphics card.
Anyway, it's a frigging apples and oranges comparison. Also, the benchmarks are comparing a Hackintosh against a 4 year old Mac Pro.
I never made any secret about the Mac Pro being four years old. In fact looking for upgrade options for this machine is kind of the point of the article.
Now, add in the cost for your time to build it and maintain it every time a new update comes out or you want to change the config, and the difference between this particular Hackintosh config may or may not be worth it to you. I earn that difference in about one to two days, so it just isn't worth it to me. Plus I earn my living on my Mac so I can't afford to have it go flaky because of a software update.
1) I do cross platform development. On a Mac, with the help of VMWare (or Parallels, or Virtual Box), I can run just about any OS I want, including OSX, all at the same time. Can you run OSX inside Windows or Linux? Not that easily.
2) I want to work, not fiddle with the OS all the time. For the most part OSX requires much less of my time in this regard.
3) In order to develop with multiple OSes, I needed a system with plenty of memory capacity to run the VMs which are fair memory hogs. At the time I bought my MacPro, it was one of the few systems that could be configured with up to 32 GB of RAM and have both the host and guest OSes use all of that RAM. Others (like Dell) were pretty close to the same price, but didn't run OSX. It saves me a lot of time and effort to have such a system.
I'll admit, I paid the price to get my MacBook over a windows laptop, and I'd do it all over. I am not an Apple fan boy, I really get annoyed at their politics and policies. BUT, they make great products! Yes, from a total hardware point of view, Macs are more expensive. But the OS is LIGHTYEARS more capable. FreeBSD at the core, awesome user interface, bundled with all kinds of GREAT software (not stupid crapware OEM vendors tend to include). And the best reason of all, no headache. Although I am a developer, I rarely enjoy making my computer work. I just want it to. Printers, scanners, cameras, networking - all worked with very little effort.
With all that being said, I have considered a Hackintosh. Mostly for geek cred, but also to save a little dough. Seeing how it keeps getting easier, it might not be long.
But after about a month of use you really get used to it, and the price/performance comparison is totally mad.
I can do video & music, run programs and play all the games I want.
No problems no hastles. (No need to be a rocket scientist just yet either) And yes viruses do exist but its not safe out there, we all need to be vigilant PC or no PC. And last but not least, Happy Anniversary Windows 7! Love ya!
I believe that a Hackintosh can be fun to build, if you just consider it as a hobby, or if you have some components lying around. Perfect as a cheap alternative for a Mac Mini. For Pro users, the benefits are far outweighed by the lack of support, lack of resale value, and the fact that in the long run it won't be that much cheaper.
About the Apple Store Prices, I just received my new 6core Westmere 3.33GHz and very happy with it. Fitted it with 4x 2TB Hitachi's for 1 big RAID volume, an OZC 90GB SSD boot drive in the spare Optical Drive bay and 12Gb of Kingston Ram. Total price 4600$ and I still have a spare 1TB disk :-) On the Apple store this config would sell for +6300$.
I think some of you, if performance is what you are after, should consider learning to overclock CPUs like the Intel 920 series, preferably the D0 stepping flavor. My rig smokes some Xeons rigs in benchmarking utilities. I run at 3.8Ghz and can run 24-7 in Prime 95 under HEAT at 70C at am ambient of 22C all day long. The performance of this type of rig is simply no joke, even when using server type benchmarking tools. The CPU and Motherboard cost around 550USD. RAM is, well, RAM and prices vary.
EFI is an Intel technology just like everything else in the Mac. Apple uses it because it creates a more formidable barrier to using OS X on non-Apple hardware. There is no technical reason that OS X shouldn't run on any x86 hardware, but it doesn't simply because Apple doesn't want it to, because then Apple loses its >50% hardware margins, etc.
Ramsey's experience dates back to a time when there were material differences between the the hardware in a Mac and the hardware in a PC. As he has discovered, such hardware differences no longer exist and today's "Mac" in indeed a 100% PC.
Thought about having my case chromed the same way until I realized that it cost $5,000!
You don't know what I want a computer for. I might spend 8 hours of every day of my life struggling with a #ty corporate PC and just want a Mac for a change of view. I might specifically need Final Cut or Logic for work reasons and where other NLEs or DAWs may not suitable for the niche I might work in. Similar arguments probably apply for why you want a PC.
There is no "Apple tax." There is a price I'm willing to pay for a product I want or need, just as a Hyundai will get you from A to B reliably and cheaply, people still buy BMWs for perfectly valid reasons.
It takes all kinds, and snarking about choice of platform says more about you than the person you snark against.
Still a lot of ignorance on both sides here. I've used Windows since it's first iteration back in 1988. Since WinXP I have never had a virus. It depends on how you protect your platform, not the platform itself. My Win7 station is set up to scan on execute, before and after, automatically, and with Windows "roaming" service, and some good anti-virus programs running in the background, and configured correctly, I've never had a virus EVER since Win XP SP2.
I have the same mobo and It works for me.
You could try also SuperVIAATA kext found in
But It only works in 64 bit enviroment.
Good Luck,
I built it four months ago and it was my first try. It's being used in a research lab for structural protein work.
And running an heavy Cubase project:
the OSX86 community is way beyond your "Upgrading might break your system"...
because now most of your patches (mostly just one or two) now reside in a Single folder.... the only problem one would get is if they do not remove the sleepenabler kext...
also you used an Asus mb..... most hackintoshers know that gigabyte boards are just tooo good.....
look around on the forums...you will realize ppl are running and updating their "ihacks" without any problems.....
spend some more time hackintoshing ..you will realize its easy
An ASUS motherboard is what I had available, and it's working well, except for the damn IDE port. But I can live without that.
you can easily edit your dsdt file for that purpose...
I think that's still true. be happy to know if some one knows differently
Of course, it would be a lot easier to simply boot Windows from another partition or drive. The only thing Boot Camp buys you (that I know of) is easier access to files on the Mac part of the disk.
boot camp is specifically for macs....
here you are supposed to use the usual Chameleon bootloader....its really good....
otherwise use Grub from linux....
there is also a chinese guy who makes one called Bootthink...
you see booting is quite flexible ......
bbesides bootcamp works only EFI systems and most of our mobo's arent EFI ones....
ASUS P6T Deluxe V2
It's true, that it's not a real Mac. On the other hand you don't have to deal with an arrogant, unreasonable fruity company.
I bought a demo model, which I assumed would have a one year warranty. It turned out Apple have counted the warranty period from the time the retailer put it on display, not when I bought it. When I bought it I had 2 months left. The retailer was very understanding and sold me an Applecare package at cost price.
That is why I now have a Hackintosh and extremely happy with it. Also, I am not held to ransom by Apples' repair charges.
really who cares. the speeds we are talking about are near unnoticable to the average user. as one person points out unless you are operating at a high end with video/audio production, it really has little relevance.
plenty of manafacturers offer lovely aluminium and brushed steel cases to build your own systems. and for those that cant, save your money, go on holiday and use the computer , regardless of brand for what it is.. not a fashion accessory but a TOOL.
saying that.. when you need a new screwdriver, it is nice to get the one with the thick handle. and rubber grip. with that sexy yellow strip on the side, and that nice engraved logo on th............... and so it continues. x
is all the hardware made by asian factory workers, underpaid and overworked... YES
does the branding of a mechanical object on the surface define its integrity and quality ...... NO
since its intel base. a mac is only defined by its OS and CHASSIS - any system running an apple OS is a mac. anyone who has an apple chassis and puts any parts inside has a mac.
can you put a nice chassis on a turd and sell it to a gullible moron ..... YES
That said, I'm still running my Hackintosh and am quite happy with it, although I expect some teething problems with OS X Lion.
does apple manafacture its own hardware ? or is it the asian warehouse that happens to make sony chassis and samsung ram .. with the same chipsets that fit missile weapons and kitchen utilites. i mean come on DAVE !!! i know you know what im saying. and im glad for your self built machine, why wouldnt you be happy. youve saved yourself from a rip off cartel.
however. i would stick to my statement of RIPOFF, and say its not odd at all, for the simple reason that what you get for your money is not good value in contrast to the product. which is why i made the statement about the production origin.
if they used high end components that were hand built the price point would make sense. but the sad reality is they are selling often lower grade components.
why even call them hackintoshes, they arent. its a machine with an operating system on it ! as macintosh is now an Intel based system all that seperates it is the fact that the software producer has decided that to make it exclusive it will only support certain criteria out of the box !.
which is of course their perogative.
but for us. an OS is an OS it has a primary function. to drive our requirements to an output. you can do tests until the sun explodes, reality is. whatever you choose to use will do the job just fine. everything else is mindbollox.
as for sticking to companies that offer good products. i agree 100 percent.
In real world, side to side comparisons, I can accomplish every day tasks as or faster than my sister who considers herself a PC wiz. So, while the PC hardware/software system may be faster - a real person doing real tasks often is faster on the intuitive Mac than the esoteric PC.
MY FINAL CONLCUSION... PREFERENCE.... THAT's it!.. Stop Fussing over which is better.... I'm a PC... But if I was a billionaire, I'd be both
because afterall, who cares which is "better?" Since BOTH are pretty AMAZING operating systems. That's my 2 pennies, sorry about the long rant!.... and by the way, yeah, Nothing is better than dual-booting Windows 7 and Snow leopard side by side.... It's the ultimate holy grail in the world of computers.... Awesome.
I guess my overall stance, if you really want to ask, would be:
which is better?... BOTH!.. I'm Dual booting (NO VM) Full installations of OS X SL 6.3 & Windows 7 Ultimate x64.... Flawlessly (Except only 1024 x 768 in Snow Leopard. & Reset doesn't function correctly....) hehe.. but it's fun.. keep in mind I'm using an old Acer Aspire X1200 Desktop .. I don't feel the need to install it on my notebook PC just yet... don't have time to tool with it... "THINGS ARE WORTH WHAT YOU THINK THEY ARE"?
Also, where are you getting that Macs use proprietary hardware? Open up one of these Apple Macs, and point out the proprietary hard drive, memory, processor, video card, power supply, or motherboard. All of these components are either supplied by other manufacturers or built to fit a Mac.
And yes they are less proprietary, but Macs are configuration-specific by the model.. which also reduces the possiblility of system failures..doesn't eliminate, but reduces.. But yes, you are correct..
1. The registry. That mess is a good reason so many malicious has so much power. Then deciphering what changes were made is like finding a needle in a haystack.
2. The method in which applications install. Most applications in OSX consist of one file. Windows? Crap goes EVERYWHERE when you install something. Some malware has the ability to reinstall itself if it is deleted. Could that be done in OSX? Yes, but it would be much easier to find the culprit and much harder to install.
3. UNIX. Plain and simple. UNIX is the poster-child of security and OSX is a UNIX derivative.
Another point about OSX and Windows I find interesting are resource-consuming processes. If you install programs in Windows, there is a good chance you will have processes running even when the application isn't. That is one of my biggest annoyances with Windows. "Let's have a process that makes our application start up faster"... LET"S NOT! I know I sound like a Apple fan-boy. I do like Macs and I like OSX. I have some gripes and I don't dislike Windows. But I think that as Apple gains popularity, people spit on them because they are no longer underdogs. Let's just say what it is and keep intelligent points on the table.
And "People spit on them..."???? I disagree.. I like both systems, and honestly, it's retarded as all hell that I've even posted in here, since now Mac Superfans will assume I'm bashing Apple... I'm not, I love their Operating system, both Mac and Windows have their Pros and Cons... Do you want the most stable PC possible? Then Install All 3 of these: 1) Windows 7 2)Snow Leopard 3)Ubuntu........ on 3 different partitions. Now you can do ANYTHING with your PC. It takes a good setup though.... high-end nVidia VGA card, Intel CPU (I suggest at least a fast core 2 duo or better...) compatible DDR3 RAM, etc....
do the research... and you'll have a PC capable of A straight installation of OSX and will support updates from APPLE!... AND MS!... Since the hardware will match the configuration of the desired MAC PC you are building!... that's the best way.... Just be sure you get the right hardware, since although you can install any Operating System on just about any of the new (in the last few years) PCs.. (I've beens successful with a ACER APIRE X1200 w/ a AMD CPU!)... the only problem is some hardware won't work properly, some functions might not work, etc....
All I'm saying is I like both operating systems, neither of them suck (I'm referring to OS X and Windows 7... I used UBUNTU and it's less stable than either of the other two)... but having all three and using 3rd party utilities, you can access files between them all....
So Having at least Windows 7 and OS X on one PC is better...
Which is Better? BOTH!... That's the point of having a HACKINTOSH
That's why it's fun to build, at least that's my opinion.
I would say, that if you can afford the Mac you want, don't mind paying more for the hardware (weigh the troubleshooting/support offered by mac VS Windows OS, Gaming, Specific Software, what the PC is for, etc..) then A Mac is a great PC. Now, on the other hand, if you are so inclined, Keep in mind that if you want to dual boot.. Either can be a good option as well!.. just spec out the hardware specs of the Mac or PC and be sure it's all compatible w/ both and you'll have the absolute best PC money can buy!... and remember stay about a year behind the "bleeding-edge" in hardware technology in most cases, it'll save you money and greif.
Oh, by the way, flynflip- you know the best workarounds for these two things: ???
1) onboard nVidia geForce 8200 vga
2) "reset function doesn't work (sleep works, but not on LCD
-I'm using a 40" bravia LCD
??? My "iHac" is an Acer Aspire X1200 Desktop PC.
Thanks... Have a great week everyone
I don't mean to come across as an A-hole. hehe..
my hackintosh been running for a moth now,(10.6.7)
and i love it waaaaay better then windows 7.
its a tough road but rewards are many and not to difficult.
my system is: msi x58m mobo /i7950/12 gig ddr3 /2 500gb drives/
geforce gts 240 ..
used multibeast/iboot method(tonymacx86.com)
fully functional and stable with minimum fuss.
Out of desperation I tried to install Leopard 10.5.6 on it and to my surprise I was successful. With a few tweaks I was able to get the OS working and it recognized his sound card, Wifi card, video etc.
I told my cousin to give this new (to him) operating system a try and it has now been 3 months and he has not had a single problem.
Bottom line use the tools (OS) that works the best for the job or situation you find yourself in. I cannot afford a real MAC so this was a way for me to try out the MAC OS on s budget. I have no complaints. I use windows for certain specialty applications as mentioned above and I use the MAC OS for everything else!
I'm currently working on bringing up a Sandy Bridge Hackintosh, using an ASUS P8P67 mobo and 2600K processor, but things are not going as smoothly as they did with the hardware I used in this article.
Genuine Macs are of course more reliable and less hassle than Hackintoshes, but for folks wanting expandable systems who don't want to pay thousands of dollars for outdated Mac Pros, a Hackintosh is the only real option right now.
As for 6 core processors, they'd require an Intel X79 motherboard (well, an X58 if you have an old 980X), and Hackintosh development on X79 is still in its infancy. I'd recommend sticking with a 2500K or 2600K CPU and checking on the tonymacx86 forums for motherboard that people have had success with.
I run Windows 7 under Parallels on my Hackintosh and it works very well.


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When people sit down to watch "Water for Elephants"—the big screen adaptation of Sara Gruen's best-selling novel—will anyone really be focused on the beautifully composed shots by director Francis Lawrence ("I am Legend") and DP Rodrigo Prieto ("Babel," "Brokeback Mountain"), the glorious costumes by Jacqueline West ("The Curious Case of Benjamin Button"), or the well-drawn performances by Christoph Waltz and Reese Witherspoon, both Oscar winners? Or will two hours go by with a singular question hovering in the audiences' mind: "Can Robert Pattinson act?"
Well, yes, he can. He takes a giant leap away from the "Twilight" films which made the 24-year-old an uber-famous millionaire and turned Hot Topic into a lion's den of weeping tweens.
"Water for Elephants" follows a young veterinary student (Pattinson) who joins a Depression-era traveling circus to escape a tragic loss, only to find himself in a dangerous love square with the star performer (Witherspoon, who oddly enough played Pattinson's mother in 2004's "Vanity Fair," though the scenes were later deleted when they were deemed too unbelievable), a sadistic ringmaster (Waltz), and the circus' last hope, an elephant named Rosie (Tai, "Operation Dumbo Drop," who steals the show from her human counterparts).
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Though the film starts and ends by taking a page from the heavily contrived "Titanic" playbook (bookend scenes featuring Hal Holbrook as "Old Robert Pattinson"), once you're transported under the big top as it's hoisted aloft in a dusty field, the sun seemingly paused at Magic Hour, it soars like a contortionist shot out of a cannon.
Lawrence and Prieto serve up a feast for the eyes as Witherspoon saunters about channeling Jean Harlow, Waltz ("Inglorious Basterds") continues his reign as Hollywood's most delightful bad guy and Pattison blossoms in a young Hugh Grant sort of way; adorably embarrassed by his charms. Still, the film's most winning moments come courtesy of the animals who melt the audience's heart and bring them to tears.
While "Water for Elephants" isn't without some serious script-related stumbles (sorry, Hal), it's a pedigreed drama of great beauty that announces Pattinson as a star to be reckoned long after the dust of "Breaking Dawn" settles.


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The red fatigue clone is a bit of a letdown. It's not a good army builder because of the solid ankles and the non-ball jointed swivel shoulders. The likeness and sculpt are good, but why the hell did they stop short of perfection and mess up the shoulders and ankles? I'd have picked up 20, instead I'm keeping just a few.14 points with ball jointed shoulders should be standard by now. What a waste this one was.Jango, McClam, Voolvif are all top notch. Really really good.Passed on Padme because I'm sick of her, and never liked female action figures much.
Padme is one of my favorites from this wave - I think they did a pretty good job with her, especially compared to most of the SW female figs. But Hasbro, would it kill you to make a figure with something larger than an A cup?
This wave is up at HTS including the McRebel for those who are interested.
As for chest size, Natalie Portman isn't big in that area, so I think it's fine. I recall that NP made some comment about the breast size of her AotC Arena Battle action figure on David Letterman being flattering.
And I see the shield as just gravy. I would have liked it to be a little more translucent, but I think it was a very cool add-on to the droid.
The McRebel's helmet actually says, "McQ." on the side in aurabesh.
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VICTORIA — The New Democratic Party's governing council, two-and-a-half years ago, considered proposals such as cutting funding to independent schools, and eliminating tuition fees at the B.C. universities and colleges.
Those and other proposals are part of a 12-page report, developed by members of the NDP provincial council less than a month before Carole James was forced out as party leader.
The document was leaked to The Vancouver Sun on Sunday by a Liberal supporter.
Among other ideas developed at the meeting, which are not part of the party's 2013 platform, were: ending premiums for B.C.'s medical services plan, reverting to government-run liquor outlets only, providing public universal child care and early learning, and nationalizing independent power producers.
A handful of suggestions from the document are reflected in the 2013 platform, including raising the minimum wage and apprenticeship-training initiatives.
In an email Sunday, party spokesman Jim Rutkowski said the document is a collection of suggestions by individual party members, and was never a reflection of party policies.
"Absolutely not," Rutkowski said in an email when asked if the document was part of the party's policy.
Party policy, he said, is set through votes by delegates at party conventions. And election platforms are developed by the party leader, in consultation with the caucus and the party executive.
He added that the 2010 meeting of the provincial council took place while James was still leader, and months before Adrian Dix took over. "Participants were asked to brainstorm about their 'individual dream for the province.' … The report summarizes in point form those 'individual dreams' discussed in a brainstorming session."
Dix has publicly ruled out several of these proposals.
On MSP premiums, Dix has repeatedly criticized the B.C. Liberals for increases, but has also noted the difficulty of rolling back a revenue source that brings more than $2 billion a year to the provincial budget.
The New Democrats have been sharply critical of the deals struck under the B.C. Liberals with independent power providers, and the party's energy critic, John Horgan, has pledged to review those deals if the NDP wins the election. But Horgan and Dix have specifically ruled out breaking those or other contracts inherited from the Liberals.
Dix has repeatedly said that a first term of NDP government would maintain the current funding formula for independent schools, which in most cases provides per-pupil operating grants equal to 50 per cent of those given to public schools.


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|Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hua Chunying's Regular Press Conference on November 8, 2017
Good afternoon, friends from the press. Today is the Journalists' Day. I would like to wish you all a happy holiday.
I want to avail myself of this opportunity to extend my gratitude to you for your active participation in and support for the Foreign Ministry's regular press conference. Recently there are a number of important events and activities. You have been working so hard. We hope to continue maintaining good cooperation and close contact with all of you.
Q: President Trump's special plane, Air Force One landed in China about half an hour ago. A senior White House official who accompanies President Trump said to the reporters that the United States will ask China to strictly abide by the UN resolutions and cut financial links with the DPRK. This senior official also said that there was still trade activity taking place along the China-DPRK border and there were still financial links between the two countries. How do you respond to this?
A: I am not aware of the latest information you mentioned. China's attitude on the DPRK-related resolutions of the UN Security Council is quite clear-cut. The Chinese side always implements the DPRK-related resolutions of the UN Security Council in a comprehensive, strict and faithful manner and earnestly fulfills its due international obligations. As for the items explicitly prohibited in the relevant resolutions of the UN Security Council, we act in accordance with them strictly. If there indeed exist some activities or actions that violate the stipulations in these resolutions, once confirmed, China will investigate and deal with them in strict accordance with the law. What is beyond doubt is China's resolve and sincerity in implementing these resolutions in a comprehensive and strict manner.
Meanwhile, I would like to reiterate that besides stipulating relevant sanctions, the relevant resolutions of the UN Security Council also call on all relevant parties to create enabling conditions for peacefully resolving the Korean Peninsula nuclear issue through political and diplomatic means at an early date. We also hope that all relevant parties can bear this in mind. This is implementing these resolutions in a comprehensive, strict, faithful and accurate manner in the real sense.
Q: Recently, Saudi Arabia successfully intercepted the missile launched by the Houthi forces in Yemen to the Riyadh airport. Saudi Arabia said that it was Iran that provided arms to the Houthi forces. What is your comment on the current situation in this region?
A: The military conflict in Yemen has lasted for two and a half years and seriously affected regional security and stability. The pressing task now is to call upon relevant parties to engage in dialogue and negotiation in accordance with the relevant resolutions of the UN Security Council, the initiatives of the Gulf Cooperation Council and their implementation mechanism and the outcome documents of the national dialogue conference so as to find an inclusive solution at an early date and restore the stability and normal order in Yemen. The actions which will escalate or enlarge the scale of the conflict are not conducive to achieving the above-mentioned goals.
Q: Firstly, today President Trump has wrapped up his visit to the ROK. During this visit, President Trump's statement on the Korean Peninsula nuclear issue has somewhat changed, saying that he will bring the DPRK back to the negotiating table for consultation. What are China's comments on President Trump's visit to the ROK? Secondly, when delivering his speech at the ROK National Assembly, President Trump urged China and Russia to stop doing business with the DPRK. What is your comment on this?
A: On your first question, we all pay great attention to President Trump's Asian tour. It is up to the ROK side to make comments on President Trump's visit to the ROK.
We have noted President Trump's statement on the Korean Peninsula nuclear issue during his visit to the ROK, including the relevant speech delivered at the ROK National Assembly this morning. I would like to reiterate that China's position on the Korean Peninsula nuclear issue is consistent and clear-cut. We stay committed to realizing the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, maintaining the peace and stability of the Peninsula and resolving the issue through dialogue and consultation. Currently, the situation on the Korean Peninsula remains complex and sensitive. We hope that all relevant parties can make concerted and positive efforts to ease the tensions on the Korean Peninsula and bring the Korean Peninsula nuclear issue back to the track of seeking settlement through negotiation.
On your second question, when answering the question raised by the journalist from the Reuters just now, I said that as for the items explicitly prohibited in the relevant resolutions of the UN Security Council, the Chinese side fulfills its international obligations in a comprehensive, strict and faithful manner.
Q: According to the reports of certain foreign media, the recent launching of China's cutter-suction dredger named Tiankun will enhance China's capability to reclaim islands from the sea. They are concerned about this. What is your comment on this?
A: Tiankun represents China's new achievement in the area of dredging equipment development and construction. We hope that relevant media can put China's scientific and technological development and engineering progress in perspective and refrain from making unwarranted connections, or even staying panic-stricken and being jittery with imaginary fear.
Q: It is learned that travel agents based in Dandong have been told to stop arranging the Chinese tourists to travel to the DPRK. Can you confirm this information?
A: I am not aware of the information mentioned by you.
Q: Firstly, we have noted that the Chinese side has made high-standard arrangements to receive President Trump in a thoughtful manner. Can you tell us the background and purpose of these high-standard arrangements? Secondly, what outcomes does the Chinese side expect to be achieved during the meeting between the heads of state of China and the United States? What is the significance of this meeting to China-US relations in the future?
A: With regard to your first question, the Chinese side attaches great importance to President Trump's visit to China. In addition to the whole set of activities for the state visit, the two heads of state will also have small-group and informal interactions, which can give them enough time to have an in-depth and strategic exchange of views on major issues of common interest. We believe that the exchange of views can help the two sides to enhance mutual understanding and mutual trust and is conducive to the growth of China-US relations in the future.
Regarding your question on the background and purpose of this high-standard reception, I cannot understand what you mean. President Trump has just visited Japan. The government of your country, that is to say, the Japanese government also provided a high-standard reception and made all-out efforts to satisfy the guest, didn't it? This is what any host country should do.
With regard to your second question, this is the first state visit received by the Chinese side following the successful conclusion of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC). Against the backdrop that today's world is in the midst of profound and complex changes, the heads of state of China and the United States are about to meet in Beijing to have another strategic exchange of views on major issues of common interest, reach new important consensus on the basis of the Mar-a-Lago meeting and the Hamburg meeting. This is of great significance to moving forward China-US relations in the new era and this is of positive and vital importance to promoting the peace, stability and prosperity of the Asia-Pacific region and the world at large as well as jointly addressing some common global challenges facing our two countries. We are willing to join hands with the United States to act upon the important consensus reached by the two heads of state to focus on cooperation and properly manage differences in the spirit of mutual respect and mutual benefit so as to ensure the sustained, sound and steady growth of China-US relations.
Q: Can you introduce President Trump's schedule for this afternoon and evening?
A: I can understand that you are all quite interested in this question. President Trump has just arrived in Beijing and please await the information to be released soon. What is clear is that the Chinese side attaches importance to President Trump's visit and as the host country, China will do the honors and make thoughtful arrangements to facilitate the in-depth, candid, friendly and strategic exchange of views on major issues of common interest between the two heads of state.
Q: It is reported that the Myanmar energy minister yesterday said that Myanmar was not so enthusiastic to proceed with the Myitsone hydropower project in Kachin State, which is an important project invested by China. Can you offer us more details on the progress of the negotiations between China and Myanmar?
A: We always stay committed to deepening the economic and trade cooperation with Myanmar on the basis of mutual benefit and win-win outcomes. The Myitsone hydropower project is a commercial cooperation project agreed by the two sides and it has completed all the review and approval procedures. We will continue to stay in communication with Myanmar and handle the difficulties in the cooperation project in a proactive and proper manner, so that the relevant cooperation will continue with sound and steady development to deliver greater benefits to the two peoples.
Q: The Russian ambassador to India yesterday said that India and China should enhance understanding on the Belt and Road Initiative and should discuss their differences and resolve them. What is your comment on this?
A: We could tell that the Indian side has been rather hesitant about the Belt and Road Initiative since this question was raised by you and other reporters from India previously.
Since the Belt and Road Initiative was put forward by President Xi Jinping in the autumn of 2013, it has progressed in a smooth way with fruitful outcomes and gained extensive approval and support from the international community, and an increasing number of countries have actively engaged in the international cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative.
The just successfully concluded 19th National Congress of the CPC explicitly pointed out that we need to proactively promote the international cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative and enshrined the building of the Belt and Road into the CPC Constitution. This testifies to the great importance China attaches to the Belt and Road as well as its resolve and confidence in firmly advancing the international cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative. We are convinced that the advancement of the Belt and Road will create greater room for China's opening-up and development and present more opportunities for the development of various countries as well as global economic growth. We stand ready to work with other parties in a concerted effort in the principle of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits to continue advancing the Belt and Road Initiative, seek greater synergy of development strategies and enhance practical cooperation in various fields, so that the international cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative will bring benefits to countries along the route in a better, faster and more extensive way.
We understand India's concern on this issue. As we said multiple times, the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is an economic cooperation initiative that doesn't target a third party and has nothing do to with territorial disputes. The Belt and Road Initiative is an open and inclusive cooperation framework. We hope to work with countries that share the same vision and identify with the initiative to achieve common development through cooperation and bring benefits to the people.


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More sentences with is:
- What is your favorite breakfast?
My favorite breakfast is cereal with fruit, milk, orange juice, and toast.
What is your favorite meal?
My favorite meal is steak and potatoes.
What is your favorite dessert?
My favorite dessert is cheesecake with strawberries.
What is your favorite thing to cook?
My favorite thing to cook is hamburgers.
Do you think it is going to snow?
I think it is going to snow.
What is snow?
Snow is water crystals.
What is ice?
Ice is frozen water.
What is a kitten?
A kitten is a baby cat.
What is a puppy?
A puppy is a baby dog.
Where is China?
China is in east Asia.
Where is the United States?
It is in North America, south of Canada and north of Mexico.
What time is it?
It is time to go.