text:
Repositioning the KDE Brand
KDE has changed over the past 13 years. The application framework has grown, matured and gone cross-platform, as have the applications. Strong growth in our community has created an increasingly diverse and large set of high-quality applications.
In the process, KDE's identity has shifted from being simply a desktop environment to representing a global community that creates a remarkably rich body of free software targeted for use by people everywhere.
KDE is no longer software created by people, but people who create software.
To be able to communicate this clearly in our messaging, it is necessary to reposition the KDE brand so that it reflects the reality. We therefore also need distinct brands for the products we produce.
KDE: the community
The strength of KDE is the community. It is where it all starts. It includes the KDE culture, the KDE values and the KDE mission. The community is also what ties us together and gives us an identity. This identity is KDE. So it is natural that the brand "KDE" stands first and foremost for the community.
Sometimes we use the term "KDE project" as a weak way to say "KDE community". We have grown far beyond the situation where you could refer to KDE as a "project". It is not a limited effort to solve the problem of having a desktop GUI for Linux anymore. It has evolved into a thriving community of people continuously working on creating and improving free software for end users based on specific values, ideals and goals.
The KDE brand transports the values of the KDE community, such as freedom, technical excellence, beauty, pragmatism, portability, open standards, international collaboration, professionalism, respect, and great teamwork.
KDE: the umbrella brand
In the context of software KDE acts as an umbrella brand for the software created by the KDE community and software using the KDE platform. This includes the KDE platform itself, the KDE Software Compilation, and all other KDE applications. See it as a hierarchy, with the KDE umbrella brand on top and the other brands below it.
Retiring the term "K Desktop Environment"
The expanded term "K Desktop Environment" has become ambiguous and obsolete, probably even misleading. Settling on "KDE" as a self-contained term makes it clear that we have made the shift from a limited set of software components to a community providing an ecosystem of free software applications and platforms for the end user on the desktop, mobile devices, and more.
The term "K Desktop Environment" can be accurately and completely replaced by "KDE Community", "KDE Platform", "KDE Applications" or specific KDE application names, depending on what is actually meant.
For the desktop itself we will have the clearer name "KDE Workspace". The huge set of KDE applications can be put under the KDE umbrella brand using more specific brands for individual applications or application suites. The confusion about what a desktop environment is and implies can be avoided by using clearer terms in this manner.
Using distinct brands
To successfully position "KDE" as the community and as an umbrella brand, we need strong identities for our range of products. A summary of these products and the new brands are set out below.
KDE Products
Software created by the KDE community is branded on its own under the umbrella brand of KDE. Use of "KDE" in the product name is optional and depending on the context. Especially for applications that are not well known as KDE applications and are not easily identified as such by a "K" prefix in their name, it is recommended to use "KDE" in the product name.
KDE Applications
KDE applications make up the breadth and richness of the KDE universe. They are solutions to specific use cases. KDE applications can run independently of the KDE workspace and can freely be mixed with applications based on other platforms and toolkits. Here are a few examples:
There are a few brands which are used to identify application suites built up from several applications. These can be used just like application names when referring to a set of related applications bundled under the application suite brand. Those brands are sometimes also used to refer to a sub-community. Examples include:
KDE Workspace
KDE provides workspaces. These provide the environment for running and managing applications and integrate interaction of applications. The workspaces are designed as generic environment for all kinds of desktop applications, not only applications built on the KDE Platform. They integrate best with applications following the standards used by the KDE Platform. There are different flavors of the workspace to address the needs of specific groups of users or adapt to specific hardware platforms:
The workspaces include many key components such as KWin, KDM, Plasma library, KSysguard and System Settings. Generally we market the specific workspaces (like Plasma Desktop), explaining they are part of the KDE Workspaces.
KDE Platform
KDE software is created on the KDE Platform, the base of libraries and services which are needed to run KDE applications. It is used by core and third-party developers to create KDE applications. Especially when including development frameworks and tools it may be referred to as KDE Development Platform. It is built on a number of Pillars (Akonadi storage framework, Solid hardware layer, Nepomuk information management, Phonon media framework, Plasma library).
The KDE Software Compilation
The KDE community does regular releases of a core set of KDE software products. These releases are called the KDE Software Compilation and tagged with a version number, e.g. "The KDE community is releasing KDE Software Compilation 4.4". Applications that make up the KDE Software Compilation may be run independently of each other and additional applications can be added without problems. These applications can be freely mixed with applications using other frameworks and run in whatever desktop environment one may choose.
Further information
The full details on KDE branding can be found in the document "Repositioning the KDE brand" and there is also a Brand Map on the KDE Community Wiki.
The structure above has been agreed after over a year of discussion and planning. It has been discussed with the community in various places as well. We know and acknowledge it is different, and takes some getting used to. Some things might seem unnecessary - please believe we thought it through. It is time to move on from the discussion and start implementing. We want to have most of this in place for the 4.4 release of the KDE Software Compilation.
We will use the KDE brand and the other sub-brands actively in our communications, making sure to distinguish between them in a natural way, and start treating the workspace as "just another product". Over the next months we'll be increasingly transitioning to the new terminology and updating our online resources and marketing material to provide a single, coherent branding structure. Of course, as a member of the KDE community, you can help. First of all by using the new terms in your communication, updating sites, documentation and dialogs; secondly by explaining things to others.
"KDE Software Compilation"
Meh. This isn't as big a change as I was thinking it would be. That said, "KDE Software Compilation" makes for really awkward phrasing (at least in English).
By yokem55 at Tue, 2009/11/24 - 8:15pm
Oh, yes, we recognize that.
Oh, yes, we recognize that. However, it actually isn't really meant to be used a lot. It's mostly for the release announcement purpose. In most other cases you are talking about a specific app, the workspace or the platform. And if you need to mention the release you can say 'our latest release', call it 4.4 etc.
We didn't want to re-introduce a new brand here because frankly, it's just a bunch of apps which happen to release together. Apps which aren't part of the release schedule are just as important, and by calling the release 'software compilation' we make clear what it is (and what not).
By Jos Poortvliet at Tue, 2009/11/24 - 8:27pm
How should it be abbreviated?
Currently I see I often see KDE X.X used as an easy way to identify software versions.
DudeA: What version of KSnapshot do you have?
What do you recommend be used instead? KSC4.4? KDESC4.4? Or is KDE4.4 still acceptable in informal contexts like these?
By Parker Coates at Tue, 2009/11/24 - 8:52pm
KDE SC <version>
That's what I use. I would not use KDE [version] because it would re-instate the ambiguity.
By Luca Beltrame at Tue, 2009/11/24 - 9:02pm
i like it and is acurrate to say "KDE Software Compilation 4.4.x" but "KDE Software Compilation 4.4.1" eventually become KDE SC 4.4.1 , and then again Kde 4.4.1....(daniell, dan, d).
kde 4.x.y series it stay with us for a while(hope that, i dont survive another rewriteQT5?).
maybe will be Kool do something more agressive for marketing and confussionless like "photoshop CS series(9.0)"
instead "KDE Software Compilation 4.4.2"
By Juan at Wed, 2009/11/25 - 5:20pm
"kde 4.x.y series it stay
"kde 4.x.y series it stay with us for a while(hope that, i dont survive another rewrite QT5?)."
Don't worry, any Qt5/KDE SC 5 will be a lot less painful, more like the KDE2 -> KDE3 move was. Qt won't be changing as much, and we won't have to re-write the desktop again, it will be more like clean-up work.
I can't speak for the trolls, but last I heard they have no timeframe yet for Qt5, but I suspect that once they have all the Symbian and Maemo support work completed they will want to have a major clean-up to align everything and break a few things in the process.
By odysseus at Thu, 2009/11/26 - 11:00am
Just the be clear, the above
Just the be clear, the above comment is purely conjecture. There are no Qt 5 plans at this time that we know of, nor has anything real been discussed about this within KDE (not counting beer-induced planning of world domination).
By Troy Unrau at Thu, 2009/11/26 - 1:41pm
Adobe style is very bad
We should not even try to follow the path what Adobe toke with Creative Suite. They will end up to situation where they need to invent again new things. Because now they are on CS4. And few years forward they are on CS5 or CS6. Soon of that they comes to CS10 CS11 and so on.
And right now we have clear history of releases so it is wise to follow it because it is always kept same way what was even very logical. Now we have forth generation desktop, with fourth release cycle coming. It is easy to understand the x.x.+1 updates what are bug fixes and so on.
KDE SC 4.4 sounds good to me. KDE SC 4.4.1 and so on does same thing.
By Fri13 at Thu, 2009/12/03 - 3:03pm
What about 'KDE Software Collection'?
Just that the word 'Compilation' sounds like it is something to do with compiling code, as opposed to assembling a collection of software applications and components for release. Or 'Compendium'?
By Richard Dale at Tue, 2009/11/24 - 9:09pm
good point. I like the sound of "Collection" as well.
By Mark Kretschmann at Tue, 2009/11/24 - 9:37pm
KDE Softwore Collection
Yes this sounds good to me.
Anyway, I gess the discussion is already closed,
By lbayle at Wed, 2009/11/25 - 12:58pm
That was also proposed during
That was also proposed during the sprint. I don't remember why, but in the end there was more consensus towards "Compilation"
By Luca Beltrame at Tue, 2009/11/24 - 9:45pm
If I had a vote it'd be for
If I had a vote it'd be for 'KDE Software Release' ...as in the Release of Software by KDE. Then we can abbreviate KDE Release 4.4... KDE r4.4 and it still makes some amount of sense! It's funny, in the writeup and comments there is emphasis about wanting something to convey that the it's not a "joined" group of applications (suite too 'tight') but just software that happens to be *released* together.
Did "Release" really not come up as an option? Kind of funny if not.
It'll be interesting to see if this sticks both inside/outside the community. I'll do my best to train myself appropriately with electro-shock treatment, and sweeties.
By dalgaro at Thu, 2009/11/26 - 6:44pm
change it to "KDE Software Kompilation"
then you call it KDESK :o) which sort of fits the description of what it should be....
By Ian Powell at Thu, 2009/11/26 - 7:12am
Wow, nice
Wow, this is quite nice, and less scary then I imaged it could be.
I do have to get used to the term "KDE Software compilation 4.4", but that is something to get used to. Just like 'Smiths -> Lays' and 'Raider -> Twix' once seamed weird in the Dutch market. Nowadays the new names sound a lot cooler. :)
By vdboor at Tue, 2009/11/24 - 8:20pm
Telling people about KDE
I just realized how much easier this is to tell about KDE to co-workers and other people.
Before I told about the Linux desktop thing, and how yes, Linux does GUI's too, and no it's not difficult, and no it even looks nice. Conversations dry up pretty quick that way.
Now I can tell about how KDE is a cool bunch of people, they make quality software, and empower Linux to be great as well. :-) ..and if those people start looking they find the same message at the Internet too. Bonus points for us. :-)
By vdboor at Tue, 2009/11/24 - 11:30pm
Well said. It has been before
Well said. It has been before difficult to explain what KDE really is. Typically you end up to situation speaking how there are volunteer people and paid people to develop software what is "KDE". And then there has be difficulties to explain how some software belongs to KDE (Konqueror, KMail etc) and how some does not but they use KDE technologies and how some does not at all belong but use KDE technologies (Amarok, digiKam, Kdenlive) but same what KDE use (pure Qt apps).
Now it is all easy.
By Fri13 at Thu, 2009/12/03 - 3:39pm
So here I am, reading
So here I am, reading comments on a KDE article. I read this comment of a Dutch guy who spells "seems" as "seams", and I think - wait, I know this guy who always does that! And it was him... Hi Diederik! o/
Oh man, I love how in this world you keep seeing the same great guys over and over again ;-)
By Sjors Gielen at Thu, 2009/11/26 - 12:27am
lol :-) Hi sjors!
lol :-) Hi sjors!
By vdboor at Thu, 2009/11/26 - 8:45am
KDE Software Compilation
I think the name KDE Software Compilation X.Y.Z is kind of misconducting because *a* software compilation can contain multiple different versions (e.g. think of kdelibs 4.4, Plasma 4.3, Okular from 4.2, KOffice 2.1), even more the compilation can be platform dependent. This is kind of weird and does not really makes clear what we want to deliver (we have a software platform and applications of different versions). Also I kind of feel a bit uncomfortable if I speak about KDE as a product - I don't work for any company but what I do work on is free software. So the question is: do we really need to fall back to so much company marketing newspeak?
By Patrick Spendrin at Tue, 2009/11/24 - 8:58pm
RE: KDE Software Compilation
"software compilation can contain multiple different versions"
KDE SC already does contain apps with different version numbers in it; but the SC itself has a consistent numbering as a whole. this is not new.
"the compilation can be platform dependent"
KDE SC, which is what the epochal x.y.z release are, is not. or at least, the parts that are are not built for a given platform.
KDE SC is not 'a' compilation, it's *the* KDE SC. :)
"This is kind of weird and does not really makes clear what we want to deliver"
as noted above already, the SC isn't something we'll be pushing as a brand. it's just a way for us to avoid saying "KDE 4.4". we have a "4.4" release, and that's certainly going to happen (as well as 4.4, 4.5, etc.). but we want to emphasize the components more with the SC fading into the background a bit as a release engineering detail (from the POV of the audiences we will be talking to) and we definitely want to distance "KDE" from "that huge amount of stuff, including a desktop!, that they release".
KDE SC gets us further down that road. at some point, we may not need "KDE SC" at all, but for now it's a needed disambiguator. and again, it's not really a brand itself.
"Also I kind of feel a bit uncomfortable if I speak about KDE as a product - I don't work for any company but what I do work on is free software. So the question is: do we really need to fall back to so much company marketing newspeak?"
i don't agree that companies should have exclusive right to a word that describes exactly what we are producing.
carbon dioxide is a product of my respiratory system. it's not a company either. ;)
talking about "products" is accurate. as a bonus it is verbage people who are used to proprietary software products are used to. the point is to communicate in words that are descriptive, that we know, that can easily be related to by others and that can be found in literature (yes, including "how to market.." type literature) without constantly translating.
we are a group very different from a monolithic company, something the word 'product' is not going to change in the least. by contrast, i do think that if we talked about 'management structures' with traditional monolithic company terms we would be heading in a poor direction.
it's also interesting to see how this was arrived at. it was very consensus based and "KDE" in how it was done. it didn't happen fast (this takes time no matter what kind of organization structure you have when it is this size, really) but it did happen in line with how we, KDE, have done things and will continue to do things. at least, imho.
By Aaron Seigo at Tue, 2009/11/24 - 9:35pm
I agree with most of this.
Good work. Even "KDE Software Compilation", which initially seems clunky, makes sense given the context. "KDE Plasma Desktop" is an attractive and sensible name.
But (you knew there was going to be a 'but'):
Obviously you guys are the ones in charge, these are just my thoughts with the hope that you will find them convincing.
By Gábor Lehel at Tue, 2009/11/24 - 9:13pm
no such policy
'"put either KDE or a K in the application name" policy'
there is no such policy.
there was a very clear trend to do so in the past, mostly as a way to keep the namespace clear (so one of our binaries didn't conflict with one from somewhere else) but also as a way to identify. this was very pre-marketing-ourselves-very-clearly, but wasn't a horrible thing.
people who got hung up on it were .. well .. i never did understand getting distracted by something as insignificant. :)
still, in recent times names like 'plasma', 'dolphin', 'solid', 'phonon' and 'gwenview' are more common and even apps that did things like capitalize a 'k' in an odd place ('amaroK') have since normalized their names nicely.
there will continue to be 'k' names, in part because of namespacing but also in part because of culture and habit. no harm, no foul, really. it will remain up to the author(s) to name their work as they want to. sometimes a 'k' name might even make sense (KDevelop being a good example there in my mind)
as for putting the full 'KDE' as a prefix, that's no different than calling something a 'Toyota Prius' or a 'Microsoft Zune'. most of the time they are referred to as a Prius or a Zune or whatever, but there are times when the umbrella brand is added for clarity or marketing purposes (or pedantry in conversation :). (in the above examples the umbrella brand is also the company's name, but that's not always the case)
By Aaron Seigo at Tue, 2009/11/24 - 9:42pm
I believe you.
But the article seems to imply the opposite:
"Especially for applications that are not well known as KDE applications and are not easily identified as such by a "K" prefix in their name, it is recommended to use "KDE" in the product name."
Since we agree, all I suggest is to make this somewhat clearer then. :-)
So what is the actual policy here? Don't actually make e.g. "KDE Dolphin" be the name of the application, but use that form when talking about it if the name doesn't have a 'k' in it? Which form is going to show up in application launchers? Is it going to be different from the one used in press releases and news & reviews?
And yeah, KDevelop was another example I thought of, but forgot to mention, of names where the K prefix actually works. I seem to notice that it tends to be the K-prefix names which consist of a single word which work well, and it's the ones with multiple words which are clunky, but I'm not sure if this works as a general rule.
By Gábor Lehel at Tue, 2009/11/24 - 10:03pm
"So what is the actual policy
"So what is the actual policy here? Don't actually make e.g. "KDE Dolphin" be the name of the application, but use that form when talking about it if the name doesn't have a 'k' in it?"
You got it right. If you talk about a KDE application you CAN refer to it as e.g. KDE Dolphin, but also just Dolphin, or Dolphin built on top of the KDE Platform.
By Ingo Malchow at Tue, 2009/11/24 - 10:08pm
I always experienced KDE as a community :-)
Great, I think the general direction is good. I always experienced KDE as a community and it is good to emphasize this. What does not fit for me is the naming in some case. KDE Software Compilation does not sound really like good marketing. I do not have a better idea at the moment, but I would really to suggest to look for something else. May be start a competion for it.
By Mark at Tue, 2009/11/24 - 9:35pm
ambiguity resolution
"I always experienced KDE as a community"
same here
"KDE Software Compilation does not sound really like good marketing"
it's not a name that will be actively marketed as a strong brand. this is quite intentional. see the above threads on this.
"The other thing is the KDE Plasma Desktop, Netbook ... It seems to long. I would suggest to shorten it to KDE Desktop, KDE Netbook."
unfortunately we already have the "KDE == Desktop" thing going on, in no small part because the 'D' in 'KDE' was 'Desktop'. we are trying to create perceived separation between our workspace offerings (desktop, netbook, etc) and the app framework and individual applications KDE creates.
the reason is that far too often, even today, people assume things like "Krita probably works only on KDE" (we get this on the irc channels all the time, a place you'd expect people who might actually know these things to go!). of course, the sentence is broken in a few ways: Krita works great in all kinds of places, and "KDE" isn't just a desktop environment.
to create the needed separation so that people will feel more comfortable using the KDE dev platform (to create software that runs everywhere, not only in KDE workspaces!) and KDE applications outside of a KDE workspace, we're giving our workspaces names.
we can't refer to it as 'Desktop' in public (ambiguous) so it would become "KDE Desktop" and too often just shortened to "KDE" again.
given the historical as well as the going forward ambiguities, a name was needed. one was found. :)
"I know, Plasma is very important, but rather as a technology for programmers. Users do not need to know."
and users need to know about KOffice, KDE or any of the other similar names? :) Plasma is an identifier, and though you may have come across it as a technology framework, it's used as an accurate disambiguator from both "KDE" and "those other desktop/netbook/mobile UIs out there".
"Calling it will KDE Plasma Desktop is bit confusing too."
how so?
By Aaron Seigo at Tue, 2009/11/24 - 9:51pm
Me did, too
About "KDE Plasma Desktop, Netbook":
Actually it is "KDE Workspaces", which contain "Plasma Desktop" or "Plasma Netbook". KDE Desktop is exactly what was intended to be replaced ;)
By Ingo Malchow at Tue, 2009/11/24 - 9:52pm
> The other thing is the KDE
> The other thing is the KDE Plasma Desktop, Netbook ... It seems to long. I would suggest to shorten it to KDE Desktop, KDE Netbook. I know, Plasma is very important, but rather as a technology for programmers. Users do not need to know.
Plasma happens to be the name of the technology, but I think this is quite usable for marketing too.
"KDE Plasma allows you to create fluent interfaces".
the word 'plasma' already implies this sort of, and I guess that wasn't a coincidence. What we can end up with is, getting users to demand a "KDE Plasma" interface for their phone/tv/mediabox and laptops. :-)
By vdboor at Tue, 2009/11/24 - 11:10pm
From behind the bikeshed...
Congratulations to the KDE marketing team on producing such a well thought out and coherent rebranding plan for KDE that neatly balances logic and emotion. Perhaps the emphasis in the article is on logical consistency but ultimately brands are emotional concepts in the general "mindspace" that serve to short-circuit the effort of too much logical decision making in a world saturated with choice.
On that basis, it is particularly good news is that Plasma is prominent as the workspace brand. What better name for a vibrant and animated user interface? I'm sure the passion of the developers can be projected into such a brand. So no need to be concerned that the term Plasma was going to be publicly deprecated as technological jargon. And the idea of KDE Applications is good, though inevitably the short-hand will be "KDE Apps" (so why not a "KDE App" logo to provide a visual short-hand to identify these in any "App store" to avoid using clumsy phrases as KDE Amarok?).
Where I think logic has got the better of emotion is the term KDE Software Composition 4.4 to formally avoid terms like KDE 4.4. The rationale for this fails to recognise that many great brands are overloaded terms covering both the product and organisation (Coca-Cola, Google, Volkswagen to mention just three) and people automatically deal with the ambiguity without a thought, its always clear from the context. But what people can't get their tongue or head round is something like the BMW Saloon Car 323. It just doesn't work. Whilst the BMW 323 Saloon Car or the BMW 3-series Saloon Car are just fine, though the short-hand will always be the BMW 323 or BMW 3-series (and I'm appearing stupidly pedantic reminding the reader that the context here is the car not the company). So, as we all know that "out there" it's going to remain KDE 4.4, why not just tweak the branding to the KDE 4.4 Software Compilation so the long-hand brand is consistent with the short-hand brand, avoiding the need to "correct" anyone (which would seem very petty if ever done publicly).
By Trevor Lawrence at Tue, 2009/11/24 - 11:59pm
some background on this ...
The problem with the overloaded brand in the case of KDE is that people do not actually automatically understand the difference between a KDE app and the whole Software Compilation (not Composition.
Your car analogy is off in that regard, it's not about BMW being a manufacturer and a car brand, it would actually be BMW being the standard for roadways, for tyres, for cars, basically the whole "environment" of the car. So you get people to avoid buying a BMW because they think they can't drive it on their Honda Streets anymore. I know, analogies can suck hard. ;) KDE has been the infrastructure (development platform) and the chrome (apps, desktop), and the relationship between them needs to be communicated clearly so it doesn't hurt adoption, especially when thinking of multi-platform use of KDE apps and dev platform.
Another aspect where this lack of distinction has hurt is the reception of KDE 4.0. While many applications have been quite good from the beginning (okular, dolphin, to name just two) people started the KDE 4.0 workspace, were disappointed by its lack of maturity and didn't make this distinction between desktop workspace and applications -- it's all "KDE" after all.
The re-branding of the KDE Software Compilation is there to make clear that it's really about the whole package of individual components (such as Plasma, Okular, Kontact). It also makes it easier to market those applications separately while taking advantage of the well-established and strong KDE umbrella brand.
By Sebastian Kügler at Wed, 2009/11/25 - 12:06am
Compilation error...
Thanks for correcting me on Software Compilation - I'll get used to it soon.
I can't argue with your logic and the intention behind it, particularly the need to create a perceptual separation between the Plasma Workspace and the KDE Apps. If the KDE Software Compilation is more an internal community release concept than a publicly marketed brand, as Aaron Seigo suggests in his very recent blog, then that task will be easier.
I also agree with your point on the importance of promoting KDE Apps as multi-platform. So perhaps it would make more sense to refer to the KDE Platform as the KDE Framework (shades of Qt Developer Frameworks here) so the phrase "multi-platform KDE App" unambiguously refers to the underlying operating systems. It would also avoid the phrase "multi-platform KDE Platform" which is the sort of verbal clumsiness the marketing team are trying to eliminate.
By Trevor Lawrence at Wed, 2009/11/25 - 1:55am
The end of the Kirchner in-joke.
Personally I always thought why the Argentinian people did not exploit more the K Desktop Environment for joking. You know: the Néstor Kirchner and Cristina Fernández government has been known as the "K Government". Argentina spoke a lot about the "K style", "K deputies", "K senators", and so. What about giving those jokers a complete and truly amazingly named "K Desktop Environment"...? WOW! This joke really went sour when the inner circle of Kirchner and his wife began to be called "Entorno K" (the K Environment). So, you only have to add "Desktop"!
Now, this is coming to an end, but it's just in time for argentinian people. Watch this if you can read Spanish: http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=1087203
By Ernesto Manríquez at Wed, 2009/11/25 - 1:01am
Something new comes to mind immediately...
... all this marketing hogwash in the reasoning of the original article is horrible but, at least, they're involuntarily funny because I can now run around, screaming loudly "KDE is people!"... [1] ;->
By Wulf C. Krueger at Thu, 2009/11/26 - 9:22pm
This is a bit silly...
I mean I can understand calling the KDE desktop and it's applications together a "Software Compilation"... but when talking about KDE to friends I doubt I am EVER going to go to the trouble of putting the SC on the end, particularly when referring to just the environment as opposed to including the apps as well. Do you see my point?
Surely KDE Platform + KDE Plasma Desktop = "KDE"?
And KDE + KDE Applications = KDE Software Compilation ?
hmm o.O
By Mike at Wed, 2009/11/25 - 5:55pm
see, it's working already.
"when talking about KDE to friends I doubt I am EVER going to go to the trouble of putting the SC on the end, particularly when referring to just the environment as opposed to including the apps as well"
no, in fact you should be talking about the individual pieces. e.g. okular, or the plasma desktop, or the kde dev platform.
if you want to refer to the "whole chunk of stuff i got at once that contains all sorts of stuff" then you can refer to the KDE software compilation.
we really want people to be talking about and more aware of KDE as a modular set of software suites.
interesting how terms change how we talk about things, no? :)
"Surely KDE Platform + KDE Plasma Desktop = "KDE"?"
nope. there's also okular and several dozen other apps that come in the SC, and many more KDE apps that don't come in the SC. this is why we're changing the name, because it's so confusing.
you evidently think "KDE" is a desktop environment. it's not. the desktop environment is one thing we make, but only one thing and not even the absolute central thing. the KDE team hasn't really helped people to understand that due to the communication in the past.
that's why we're changing things, and using 'KDE' exclusively for the community as an umbrella brand for everything we do.
By Aaron Seigo at Wed, 2009/11/25 - 10:16pm
People will call the software
People will call the software KDE forever but never mind :)
By gd at Wed, 2009/11/25 - 11:23pm
Changing how people talk
Many campaigns have tried to change how people call things and as we see in stadium renaming schemes, you can pay millions to have the stadium called one thing and people will still call it what they always did.
I just dont see myself saying the whole three word name when three letters has been enough for over a decade.
Will you say "I use Mandriva 2010-KDE4.3" or
With the known Linux distinctions as well as the difference between Free and Gratis and open source/free software, the free software community has proven that they are clueless when it comes to these things and cant think further than their noses.
I understand the why you want to do it and it makes sense to some degree but asking people to change habits is hard but asking them to go from three letters to three words seems like an even harder battle.
By zeke at Thu, 2009/11/26 - 3:31am
I don't really like the concept of branding. It sounds very stupid to say, you are KDE but DE stands for nothing (oh, DE=Germany of course).
As a brand KDE developed from a community project of (potentially) coding software enthusiasts into a project clouded by artifical announcement gibberish which often clashed with reality. Branding became less language neutral. It is quite a bit self-ironic that the branding now says "KDE is no longer software created by people, but people who create software."
"The expanded term "K Desktop Environment" has become ambiguous and obsolete, probably even misleading. Settling on "KDE" as a self-contained term makes it clear that we... providing...applications and platforms... on the desktop, mobile devices, and more." - "It is not a limited effort to solve the problem of having a desktop GUI for Linux anymore."
So in other words, you give up upon the desktop and become a technology collection. Now, maybe some persons may need this to better justify their KDE involvement in a business environment. In less diplomatic terms it means: We give up on the KDE Linux desktop, mission failed.
Concerning the new naming convention you probably notice that it is unsystematic. So the next step is to rename Kword as "KDE Word" or "KDE Lettera or Lettera".
"KDE applications can run independently of the KDE workspace and can freely be mixed with applications based on other platforms and toolkits."
gets it wrong. The toolkit fetish is obsolete. If there is a branding problem then that some linux users still believe toolkit homogeinity matters for Desktop experience while on other platforms you just don't care. The real branding problem of KDE application is that they are not thought as independent.
Where is the user in all this? Originally the implicit idea was develop for a user scenario vision, and communication was characterized by interaction with users and their expectations. As developers rule (and any user is a potential future later developer or contributor to other projects which form part of the desktop experience) of course non-contributors got less rank. Now the user is completely out of focus and it is "people who create software". You wonder if they ever eat their own dogfood.
Maybe that was the kardinal problem with the KDE4 release cycle. You develop great toolkits and platforms to be used for (later) potential purposes. But no one has a user scenario in mind to which the technology development is instrumental, the solution. Here one early mockup got it right. It is really about a solution to a problem "Browse the web", "mail mary", not technology and applications per se.
By André at Thu, 2009/11/26 - 9:00am
the user
Stuart already shared many of the thoughts that sprung into my mind as well, but I'd like to add a bit to this:
"Where is the user in all this?"
Where they've always been .. the people who use the software we write, the people many of us keep in mind while writing that software.
"Originally the implicit idea was develop for a user scenario vision, and communication was characterized by interaction with users and their expectations."
That hasn't really changed, and not at all with this announcement. Go look at the Plasma Netbook effort and consider how it was created from the start.
I do think you are confusing "how we are going to be using our brands" with "here is our marketing strategy". The marketing and communications direction is a much bigger discussion than the definition of the top level brand names. This is more like part of the glossary than the textbook on our marketing.
To be even more clear: we aren't going to be heading around in interviews and what not trumpeting "KDE is us!" as if that's the important message we need to get across; we'll be communicating about the technology we create just as we always have been, but hopefully more effectively and clearly. This set of changes and definition just helps us understand where the term "KDE" fits into that communication. It is not a change in focus.
"Now the user is completely out of focus and it is "people who create software"."
We've been people who create software for 13 years now. That's not new. The term "KDE" is now reserved for the community and organization and not the products and that's the only real change here. In fact, this is getting the naming into line with the reality for the last many, many years (far before 4.0 even). The idea that this reflects a change in what we've been doing "down in the trenches" is completely off-base.
"You wonder if they ever eat their own dogfood."
We do, many of us use a near-continuous (daily, weekly) build of KDE from svn, in fact. So, that question is now answered :)
"But no one has a user scenario in mind to which the technology development is instrumental, the solution. "
Thankfully that isn't true, and as we continue to measure actual results over time this will become increasingly apparent.
(Not sure what any of this had to do with the actual branding thing, though. :)
By Aaron Seigo at Fri, 2009/11/27 - 1:06am


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Home Interior Design & Decor
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Take Some Good Ideas For Your Kitchen You Can Also Check Wood Kitchen
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subset: commoncrawl


text: The File List Class helps you get listings of folders in your file system. Not only will you be able to retrieve your files, you can also sort them and filter them as you so please. This class will be right at home in any application that needs to display the contents of one or more folders to the end user.


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Wednesday, May 30, 2012
Why College Football Should Be Banned
The costs are high, the benefits to students are low, argues Buzz Bissinger. And academics pay the price
May 4, 2012
In more than 20 years I've spent studying the issue, I have yet to hear a convincing argument that college football has anything do with what is presumably the primary purpose of higher education: academics.
That's because college football has no academic purpose. Which is why it needs to be banned. A radical solution, yes. But necessary in today's times.
Football only provides the thickest layer of distraction in an atmosphere in which colleges and universities these days are all about distraction, nursing an obsession with the social well-being of students as opposed to the obsession that they are there for the vital and single purpose of learning as much as they can to compete in the brutal realities of the global economy.
Who truly benefits from college football? Alumni who absurdly judge the quality of their alma mater based on the quality of the football team. Coaches such as Nick Saban of the University of Alabama and Bob Stoops of Oklahoma University who make obscene millions. The players themselves don't benefit, exploited by a system in which they don't receive a dime of compensation. The average student doesn't benefit, particularly when football programs remain sacrosanct while tuition costs show no signs of abating as many governors are slashing budgets to the bone.
If the vast majority of major college football programs made money, the argument to ban football might be a more precarious one. But too many of them don't—to the detriment of academic budgets at all too many schools. According to the NCAA, 43% of the 120 schools in the Football Bowl Subdivision lost money on their programs. This is the tier of schools that includes such examples as that great titan of football excellence, the University of Alabama at Birmingham Blazers, who went 3-and-9 last season. The athletic department in 2008-2009 took in over $13 million in university funds and student fees, largely because the football program cost so much, The Wall Street Journal reported. New Mexico State University's athletic department needed a 70% subsidy in 2009-2010, largely because Aggie football hasn't gotten to a bowl game in 51 years. Outside of Las Cruces, where New Mexico State is located, how many people even know that the school has a football program? None, except maybe for some savvy contestants on "Jeopardy." What purpose does it serve on a university campus? None.
The most recent example is the University of Maryland. The president there, Wallace D. Loh, late last year announced that eight varsity programs would be cut in order to produce a leaner athletic budget, a kindly way of saying that the school would rather save struggling football and basketball programs than keep varsity sports such as track and swimming, in which the vast majority of participants graduate.
"If you want to establish a minor league system that the National Football League pays for—which they should—that is fine."
Part of the Maryland football problem: a $50.8 million modernization of its stadium in which too many luxury suites remain unsold. Another problem: The school reportedly paid $2 million to buy out head coach Ralph Friedgen at the end of the 2010 season, even though he led his team to a 9-and-4 season and was named Atlantic Coast Conference Coach of the Year. Then, the school reportedly spent another $2 million to hire Randy Edsall from the University of Connecticut, who promptly produced a record of 2-and-10 last season.
In an interview with the Baltimore Sun in March, Mr. Loh said that the athletic department was covering deficits, in large part caused by attendance drops in football and basketball, by drawing upon reserves that eventually dwindled to zero. Hence cutting the eight sports.
This is just the tip of the iceberg. There are the medical dangers of football in general caused by head trauma over repetitive hits. There is the false concept of the football student-athlete that the NCAA endlessly tries to sell, when any major college player will tell you that the demands of the game, a year-round commitment, makes the student half of the equation secondary and superfluous. There are the scandals that have beset programs in the desperate pursuit of winning—the University of Southern California, Ohio State University, University of Miami and Penn State University among others.
I can't help but wonder how a student at the University of Oregon will cope when in-state tuition has recently gone up by 9% and the state legislature passed an 11% decrease in funding to the Oregon system overall for 2011 and 2012. Yet thanks to the largess of Nike founder Phil Knight, an academic center costing $41.7 million, twice as expensive in square footage as the toniest condos in Portland, has been built for the University of Oregon football team.
Always important to feed those Ducks.
I actually like football a great deal. I am not some anti-sports prude. It has a place in our society, but not on college campuses. If you want to establish a minor league system that the National Football League pays for—which they should, given that they are the greatest beneficiaries of college football—that is fine.
Call me the Grinch. But I would much prefer students going to college to learn and be prepared for the rigors of the new economic order, rather than dumping fees on them to subsidize football programs that, far from enhancing the academic mission instead make a mockery of it.
—Mr. Bissinger is the author of "Friday Night Lights."
A version of this article appeared May 5, 2012, on page C3 in some U.S. editions of The Wall Street Journal, with the headline: Why College Football Should Be Banned.
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- Sunday, July 01, 2012
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We've released the Midwestern Edition, Western Edition, and Southern Edition of the WeddingLovely Lookbook so far, and now (last, but not least!) we finish with the Northeastern Edition! First, see the whole online WeddingLovely Lookbook below, which has all 1,600+ vendors that we work with worldwide:
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Oakland is an extremely liberal high crime city in California. The population is about 400,000. Oakland forms part of the San Francisco Bay Area metropolitan area, which together has a population of over 7 million, making it the sixth largest mertropolitan area in the United States. To Oakland's north is Berkeley, and to the west across the San Francisco Bay and the Oakland-San Francisco Bay Bridge is San Francisco.
The Oakland Museum, designed by architect Kevin Roche, is an unusual combination of indoor galleries and outdoor gardens. The landscaping of terraced plazas placed among the three museums was planned to relieve the fatigue of museum visitors. A million visitors annually enjoy the park-like environment.
HistoryIn the early 20th century Oakland had the reputation as one of the best planned cities in the nation, with beautiful parks and green belts, and excellent public transit. Progressive politicians included Earl Warren, the district attorney who became governor and Chief Justice, and the Knowland family, including Joseph R. Knowland (1873-1966) and William F. Knowland (1908-1974), the powerful leader of Republicans in the U.S. Senate in 1953-1959.
After 1945 it endured decades of ethnic and class turmoil, gaining a sad reputation for crme and left-wing radicalism. The quixotic former governor Jerry Brown (b. 1938) as mayor 1998-2006 helped rebuild business confidence and restore a bit of sanity.
Oakland was the western terminus of the transcontinental railroad that opened in 1869 (passengers were then ferried to San Francisco). In the late 19th century it was the second city in California, with a strong base in railroads, port facilities, shipbuilding and manufacturing.
The Jewish Community
Oakland has always been a multiethnic community. American Jews played a prominent role, and were among the pioneers of Oakland in the 1850s. In the early years, the Oakland Hebrew Benevolent Society, founded in 1862, was the religious, social, and charitable center of the community. Later, the first synagogue, founded in 1875, took over the religious and burial functions. Jews from Poland or Prussian-occupied Poland predominated in the community, and most of them worked in some aspect of the clothing industry. David Solis-Cohen, the noted author, was a leader in the Oakland Jewish community in the 1870s.
In 1879 Oakland's growing Jewish community organized a second congregation, a strictly orthodox group, Poel Zedek. Women's religious organizations flourished, their charitable services extending to needy gentiles as well as Jews. Oakland Jewry was part of the greater San Francisco community, yet maintained its own character. In 1881 the First Hebrew Congregation of Oakland, elected Myer Solomon Levy as its rabbi. The London-born Levy practiced traditional Judaism.
Oakland's Jews were pushed hard to excel in school, both secular and religious. Fannie Bernstein was the first Jew to graduate from the University of California at Berkeley, in 1883. First Hebrew Congregation sponsored a Sabbath school which had 75 children in 1887.
Oakland Jewry was active in public affairs and charitable projects in the 1880s. Rabbi Myer S. Levy was chaplain to the state legislature in 1885. The Daughters of Israel Relief Society continued its good works both inside and outside the Jewish community. Beth Jacob, the traditional congregation of Old World Polish Jews, continued its separate religious practices while it maintained friendly relations with the members of the first Hebrew Congregation.
Able social and political leadership came from David Samuel Hirshberg. Until 1886 he was an officer in the Grand Lodge of B'nai B'rith. He served as Under Sheriff of Alameda County in 1883 and was active in Democratic party affairs. In 1885 he was appointed Chief Clerk of the US Mint in San Francisco. As a politician, he had detractors who accused him of using his position in B'nai B'rith to foster his political career.[1]
When refugees from the fire-stricken, poorer Jewish quarter of San Francisco came to Oakland, the synagogue provided immediate aid. Food and clothing were given to the needy and 350 people were given a place to sleep. For about a week the synagogue fed up to 500 people three times a day. A large part of the expenses were paid by the Jewish Ladies' organization of the synagogue.
Knowland Family
The political career of Republican Congressman Joseph Knowland (1873-1966) ended in 1914 with his defeat for the US Senate. He retained until the 1960s his position of influence, however, in East Bay and California politics. In 1915 he became publisher of the Oakland Tribune. Knowland and Oakland's "Kelly Machine" inevitably clashed, first in 1923, over the selection of a new district attorney. The Knowland victory, which launched the career of Earl Warren, hurt the Kelly forces, and the machine came to an end in a crucial 1930 election. In the mid-1920s Knowland and his newspaper Oakland Tribune were powerful forces in the East Bay, and successfully influenced the outcome of bond issues and governmental changes. Knowland's activity in the organizational life of the community, his experience as a politician, and his behind-the-scenes political activity all made the Tribune effective. His son William F. Knowland (1908-1974), used the Tribune as a base to become U.S. Senator and was a power in state and national affairs until he was defeated for governor in 1958.
Posey Tube
The Posey Tube is the underwater auto tunnel that opened in 1928 to connect Oakland to Alameda. Designed by George A. Posey, chief engineer and surveyor for Alameda County, the tunnel incorporated many state-of-the-art ideas. In addition, the Art Deco architecture of the tunnel portals, designed by Henry Meyers, won praise for combining aesthetics and utilitarian functions. The only shortcoming of the Posey Tube was that the greatly increased automobile traffic went far beyond the estimates of peak load envisioned by the tunnel's planners. Still in use after almost seventy years, the Posey Tube is a monument to the age of the automobile.
In the 1920s the Ku Klux Klan was very active in Oakland. Klansmen reflected the overall native-born white male population in Oakland and had more representation among white-collar and skilled workers. Klansmen enjoyed political success in opposition to ethnic patronage for Catholics and machine politics, basing their appeal on local, specific issues such as road paving. The collapse of the Klan in the city came about because some Klan members gave in to the corruption of machine politics, not because the Klan had lost its socioeconomic base or support due to its ideological marginality.[2]
World War II
Oakland boomed in World War II, as an influx of black and white migrants taking jobs in shipbuilding drastically altered the demographic make-up of the East Bay, including the nearby cities of Berkeley, Alameda, and Richmond, which had previously consisted of mostly white lower- and middle-class communities. Most of the newcomers lived in newly constructed public housing that defined the patterns of racial and class segregation that lasted for the next quarter century. There was considerable political turmoil as the new residents sought to wrest control of local government from the white business establishment. This was especially apparent in Oakland, where reform-minded activism persisted through the 1950s.
The housing policies of both the federal and local governments during the war encouraged the racial and ethnic tensions that still remain. The acute housing shortage that developed with an influx of workers for the shipyards forced the federal government to step in to assure wartime production. The programs turned working-class neighborhoods, which had been racially and ethnically diverse, into ghettos like those in eastern cities. At the same time, the Federal Housing Administration favored loans for houses in new all-white developments on the urban fringes.[3]
Recent years
In recent years, Oakland has become known nationwide for two things. The first is a 2009 police shooting at the platform of a local BART (Bay Area Rapid Transit) station. The officer in question claimed that he was reaching for a Taser, but ended up grabbing his gun. This led to a period of civil unrest as the shooting of a young African-American man by a white police officer stirred up degrees of both racial tension and anger at the police department. The crisis was subsequently somewhat mismanaged by Oakland Police, leading to downtown protests and relatively small-scale rioting, including some looting. Some similar social unrest also occurred around the Occupy Oakland protests, up to and including a march that shut down the Port of Oakland, one of the major economic engines of the city.
Oakland has also become a center for urban agriculture and the foodie movement. There are many groups growing food within the city, one of the foremost being City Slicker Farms, as well as several weekly farmers markets, and many gourmet restaurants featuring locally sourced food. This upswing in restaurants led to Oakland being named the fifth-best place to visit in the world in 2012 by the New York Times.[4]
Although not as nationally know for it as neighbor cities San Francisco and Berkeley, Oakland is something of a liberal hotbed.
Unions grew rapidly under the New Deal and were not reluctant to challenge business for control of the city. The most serious strike came in May 1934, as dock workers and longshoremen along the West Coast went on strike for better hours and pay, a union hiring hall and a coast-wide contract. Communists were in control of the union, the International Longshoremen's Association (ILA), led by Harry Bridges (1901-1990). The West Coast Waterfront Strike lasted 83 days with longshoremen returning to work on July 31. Arbitration was agreed to and it resulted in a victory for the strikers. and the unionization of all West Coast ports in the United States.[5]
In 1946 the Retail Merchants Association (RMA) of Oakland refused to allow two member stores to negotiate with Retail Clerks Union local 1265. Workers from Kahn's and Hastings department stores retaliated by striking, and soon were battling not only their employers and the RMA, but also the city council and the Oakland Tribune, both controlled by powerful, antiunion publisher Joseph Knowland. When even the police joined the fray, 130,000 workers from 142 American Federation of Labor unions throughout the city took December 3–5, 1946, as a "work holiday" to support the strikers and protest police partiality.
The general strike in Oakland was part of a nationwide series of strikes in 1946. The Oakland incident involved most city workers whole-heartedly endorsing a strike which for 54 hours shut down most economic activity in the city. Essential facilities were maintained at minimum levels while city leaders and national union officials worked to end the strike, but its official termination neither resolved smoldering issues nor penetrated worker discontent. In the 1947 municipal election a labor slate of candidates defeated the incumbents.
Out of worker solidarity grew political activism. Together, Oakland's workers put labor members on city council, forced the RMA to accept collective bargaining, and created the progressive Oakland Voters League.[6]
Black Politics
In 1977 Oakland elected the city's first African American mayor, Lionel Wilson. He was reeelectedd in 1981 and 1985 thanks to his support for civil rights, for business expansion, and for redevelopment of the decayed downtown, including major league teams in football, baseball and basketball. Conservative candidates have not fared well. For example, Ted Dang's loss in the 1994 mayoral race to African-American incumbent Elihu Harris can be attributed primarily to his inability to unite diverse Asian-American groups, his conservative emphasis in a predominantly leftist city, and an antagonistic campaign strategy that exacerbated racial tension. His antigovernment and negative themes ran counter to Harris's attempts to create an activist government and a strong multiracial coalition. Dang's failure to balance ideology, interest, and racial identification, lack of political experience, and overreliance on his campaign manager ultimately cost him the race.
In the 1960s in West Oakland, an adjacent suburb, a conservative city council that believed economic and political problems would best be solved by increasing economic development. However, the minority population, 40% black and 10% Latino as well 10% Asian (from the 1970 census), insisted on a redistribution of existing wealth, which led to the establishment of their own representative governmental organs. Both factions eventually found it to their mutual benefit to negotiate in an institutionalized manner.
Opposition to Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system encouraged West Oakland activists to create a strong local identity. BART supporters valued regional mobility and blamed ghetto poverty on the inaccessibility of suburban jobs. However black activists blamed BART for harming the ghetto poor by encouraging job migration to the suburbs and displacing residents. As compensation, they demanded that BART hire black workers and increase relocation payments. While West Oakland activists largely failed to influence BART, the newly unified community did gain local control of schools and urban poverty programs.
The Black Panthers, led by Bobby Seale, had a major base in the city. The Black Panther newspaper was founded in 1967 in Oakland as the main vehicle of expression of the Black Panther Party. Devoted to the cause of radical black nationalism in the United States, the paper was developed not only as a means of reaching its local constituency but also as a means of gaining national media exposure. During its 12 years of existence, it served to give definition, form, and substance to a particular vision of black identity. Subsequent revivals of the paper in the 1990s demonstrated the continuing allure of the Black Panther movement and the relevance of its role in the black nationalist movement.
Marcus Foster (1923 – 1973) was an outstanding black educator who gained a national reputation while serving as associate sSuperintendent of schools in Philadelphia, and as the first black Superintendent of the Oakland Unified School District. He was assassinated in 1973 by the Symbionese Liberation Army as a political statement against blacks who cooperated with whites.
On the far left, Democrat Ron Dellums (1935- ), represented Berkeley and Oakland in Congress, (1971-1998). He became the chair of the powerful House Armed Services Committee in January 1993. A strong pacifist, his district nevertheless houses a major naval facility that faced closure in the current phase of downsizing the military budget. Dellums was thus placed in a curious position of being philosophically opposed to military spending but pragmatically defending his district's interests. He was the first African American elected to Congress from Northern California, and was replaced in 1998 by the equally militant, but much less powerful, Democrat Barbara Lee (b. 1946).
In sports, Oakland is home to the MLB's Oakland Athletics.
It was previously the home of the NFL's Oakland Raiders (which departed for Las Vegas after the 2019 season; prior to that the team departed for Los Angeles before returning to Oakland) and the NBA's Golden State Warriors (which returned to its original California home in San Francisco beginning with the 2019-2020 season).
Further reading
- Elkind, Sarah S. Bay Cities and Water Politics: The Battle for Resources in Boston and Oakland. (1998). 246 pp.
- Johnson, Marilynn S. The Second Gold Rush: Oakland and the East Bay in World War II (1994). 302 pp.
- McCory, Jesse J. Marcus Foster and the Oakland Public Schools: Leadership in an Urban Bureaucracy. (1978). 163 pp.
- Montgomery, Gayle B. and James W. Johnson. One Step from the White House: The Rise and Fall of Senator William F. Knowland. (1998) Online at UC Press.
- Oden, Robert Stanley. "Power Shift: A Sociological Study of the Political Incorporation of People of Color in Oakland, California, 1966-1996." PhD Dissertation U. of California, Santa Cruz 1999. 248 pp. DAI 2000 60(11): 4193-A. DA9951415
- Pressman, Jeffrey L. Federal Programs and City Politics: The Dynamics of Aid Process in Oakland (1975) argues that the Oakland experience shows that without upgrading local political leadership, money alone cannot solve urban problems.
- Pressman, Jeffrey L., and Aaron B. Wildavsky. Implementation: How Great Expectations in Washington Are Dashed in Oakland. (1973). 182 pp on the failure of the Great Society in Oakland.
- Self, Robert. "'To Plan Our Liberation': Black Power And The Politics Of Place In Oakland, California, 1965-1977," Journal of Urban History 2000 26(6): 759-792.
- Starr, Kevin. "Tough Love: Jerry Brown's Oakland,", Coast of Dreams: California on the Edge, 1990-2003. (2004). pp 356–71.
- Ware, Alan. The Breakdown of Democratic Party Organization, 1940-1980. (1985). 275 pp. compares Oakland and Berkeley
- Wyatt, Daniel E. Joseph Russell Knowland: The Political Years, 1899-1915 (1982).
External links
- ↑ William M. Kramer, "The Emergence of Oakland Jewry." Western States Jewish Historical Quarterly 1978 10 (2): 99-125, (3): 238-259, (4): 353-373; 11(1): 69-86; 1979 11(2): 173-186, (3): 265-278. Journal Issn: 0043-4221
- ↑ Chris Rhomberg, "White Nativism and Urban Politics: The 1920s Ku Klux Klan in Oakland, California." Journal of American Ethnic History 1998 17(2): 39-55.
- ↑ See Johnson (1994)
- ↑ http://travel.nytimes.com/2012/01/08/travel/45-places-to-go-in-2012.html?pagewanted=all
- ↑ Robert W. Cherny, "Prelude to the Popular Front: The Communist Party in California, 1931-35." American Communist History 2002 1(1): 5-42 online at EBSCO
- ↑ Philip J. Wolman, "The Oakland General Strike of 1946." Southern California Quarterly 1975 57(2): 147-178. Journal Issn: 0038-3929


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I like strolling in the streets or in nature, and when the sun goes down, I enjoy taking a break to capture the light emitted by the sunset.
While I (am happy to ;)) have no Internet during these walks, I am still able to share some of these shots with the world.
I also like drawing. What started as hobby quickly became a passion. It's great to see a single stroke give life to a drawing that had no meaning at first. I was also surprised at how relaxing drawing can be.
The Internet is a great place to find inspiration as well as to get advice by publishing my drawings in progress.


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MCLEAN, Va., May 16 (UPI) -- Science Applications International Corp. is joining the roster of companies involved in a program to protect U.S. infrastructure against cyber threats.
The program by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security is Enhanced Cybersecurity Services, through which private companies such as SAIC become commercial service provider that voluntarily shares information to help the owners and operators of critical infrastructure "protect their systems from unauthorized access, exploitation or data exfiltration."
"We must work together to protect our infrastructure, our economy and our security from cyberattacks," said John Thomas, acting president of SAIC's National Security Sector. "If we don't work together, we won't succeed. This is why SAIC is proud to be a part of this endeavor to share valuable threat information between government and critical infrastructure providers."
SAIC said it has signed a memorandum of agreement with Homeland Security on joining the initiative. Northrop Grumman announced its participation earlier this week and that it is starting the security accreditation process which is required for the Homeland Security program.


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Mercedes Benz CL500 Wheel Hub Assembly FOR SALE
Mercedes Benz CL500 Wheel Hub Assembly by Year+
The Mercedes Benz CL500 Wheel Hub Assembly, which is situated between the brake disc and the drive axle, is a key component of your suspension system. It consists of the wheel bearings, the wheel hub and the ABS sensors. The wheel bearings allow the wheels to rotate smoothly, while minimizing the rotational friction in them. The wheel hub has studs jutting out of it, and it is on these studs that the wheel is bolted along with the brake rotors. The wheel hub ensures the wheels stay attached to your vehicle, even as they rotate freely on the bearings. In addition to the bearing and the hub, modern wheel hub assemblies also come with an anti-locking brake system (ABS) sensor and speed sensors which monitor the wheels' speeds to ensure that the wheels don't lock when the brakes are applied.
The wheel hub assembly, like most parts of your vehicle, is susceptible to wear and tear, especially if it has not been greased regularly. The most common signs of a malfunctioning wheel hub assembly are the sounds that emanate from the wheel. A grinding or grating noise that gets louder when you accelerate is one of the first indicators that your wheel hub assembly needs a closer look. Furthermore, pay attention to your vehicle's handling. Does the steering feel loose? Or do you feel like your car is listing to one side? If your answer was yes, get the assembly checked out and replaced, if necessary. If your assembly is equipped with the ABS sensor, however, it would cause the ABS light to glow on your dashboard.
At Buy Auto Parts, we stock an extensive range of wheel hub assemblies for every vehicle make and model. Our aftermarket and OEM replacement parts have been thoroughly tested to ensure that they meet or exceed industry standards. To find the Mercedes Benz CL500 wheel hub assembly, just select the right year, make and model in the "Select Your Vehicle" section above.
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How do you teach all the other vocabulary in your class? Are you specifically having trouble with the word "depend" or was that just an example?
Only speaking in the second language is quite common when teaching a foreign language. It stops both the teacher and the student from constantly falling back on their own language. Everyone needs to work harder.
Please look at my corrections to your post. It is very important to use correct written English on the forum so please follow the rules of written English:]
- Start every sentence with a capital letter.
- End every sentence with a single appropriate punctuation mark.
- Always capitalise the word "I".
- Always capitalise proper nouns (ie English, London, Prime Minister).
- Do not put a space after an opening quotation mark or before a closing quotation mark.
English Teacher


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Moviegoers who stuck around after the final credits for "Guardians of the Galaxy" got an Easter egg that hatched a duck: an ornery old friend named Howard.
The "Howard the Duck" cameo came out of nowhere – just like the cigar-chomping character, a source of pre-marriage tension between Marvel and Disney, which fumed over his resemblance to Huey, Dewey and Louie's Uncle Donald.
But "Guardians" and "Howard" are long-lost kin: both cult-favorite Marvel comics that became rare movies attempting to mine intergalactic adventures for laughs.
U.S. & World
Howard infamously laid an egg in his 1986 cinematic debut. "Guardians" unexpectedly took off, becoming the third top-grossing flick of 2014, setting a high bar for sci-fi humor – and for itself.
The series returns Friday with "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2" aiming to inject more much-needed comedy into outer space and theaters as it ignites an early blastoff to the summer movie season.
The Marvel movie universe, one of film's most powerful forces, emits its own strain of humor. But Spider-man-spun wisecracks aside, no one went to superhero films, pre-"Guardians," expecting a comedy.
The surprise hit plowed a path for the likes of last year's "Deadpool," an ultra-violent laughter whose gore and success proved a double shocker.
"Guardians" presented a more palatable serving of oddball characters: green butt-kicker Gamora (Zoe Saldana), illustrated strongman Drax (David Bautista), sarcastic raccoon Rocket (Bradley Cooper) and vocabulary-limited tree Groot (Vin Diesel). Earth transplant Peter Quill (Chris Pratt), armed with little more than a mix-tape, stood at the center of "The Maltese Falcon"-like plot.
Quill also represented a cuddlier throwback to Indiana Jones and Han Solo, whose banter with Chewbacca added to the "Stars Wars" comedy layer paved by the Laurel-and-Hardy-like droids C3PO and R2D2.
But George Lucas, who produced "Howard the Duck," the first modern-age movie rendering of a Marvel comic, knows better than anyone how hard it can be to make sci-fi funny.
"Guardians" pulled off the trick of going comedy-first better than any special effects-filled action film in movie history. While Groot is sure of who he is, return director James Gunn and his team need to meet now-huge expectations by building on the identity of "Guardians" as a series that delivers laughs and surprises from the opening to beyond the final credits.
Jere Hester is Director of News Products and Projects at the City University of New York Graduate School of Journalism. He is also the author of "Raising a Beatle Baby: How John, Paul, George and Ringo Helped us Come Together as a Family." Follow him on Twitter.


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Plo Koon and his Clonetroopers
Quote from: Brian on October 10, 2008, 11:06 AMPlo Koon and his ClonetroopersMaster Plo's trooper are due out as a single carded release in wave 4.
I think they did Plo Koon's fighter a few years ago without the hyperspace ring. It was a Target item.
It's slightly different in the new show, though. The astromech droid is different and it's in the middle rather than on the side. This would justify a new version in my opinion.
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While the Pentagon complains about massive budget cuts, the U.S. Coast Guard — the smallest and sometimes overlooked arm of the armed forces — has been faring fairly well, moneywise.
"It's a steady state for us," said Coast Guard Commandant Adm. Robert Papp, in a recent interview in San Diego. "We're not doing too badly right now. We haven't seen any major reductions."
The Coast Guard's 2013 discretionary budget was proposed at $8.3 billion. That's slightly less than the $8.6 billion it got in 2012, but Papp said that Congress has indicated in draft legislation that it will add more money, as it has in the past.
Since the terrorist attacks of 2001, the Coast Guard's budget has ballooned from $4.5 billion in 2002, as America worried anew about the security of its coasts.
But the sequester — the $1.2 trillion budget ax set to fall March 1 unless Congress decides otherwise — is a wild card.
The sequester would take $600 billion from defense and $600 billion from nondefense pocketbooks over the next decade. For the Defense Department's $550 billion base budget, that's a roughly 10 percent hit each year.
As a non-Pentagon service, how the Coast Guard will be affected is an open question.
Papp says he doesn't know the answer.
"I haven't been given the rules yet," he said. "We've received no guidance on what our cuts will be. So, as a good sailor, if I'm going out into the ocean and I don't know what the weather's going to be, I make estimates and predictions. My staff is working on various scenarios and various cuts if it comes to fruition."
The commandant, who served most of his career on Coast Guard cutters, said there's potential for reductions that would affect the cutters, patrol craft and search helicopters working out of San Diego Bay.
"When you see boats and planes out there, some of time they are doing missions, but a lot of times they are doing training. All of it depends on money — for fuel and to send people to schools," Papp said.
"That's what I fear. That one of the things we might have to look at is reducing fuel expenditures and reducing travel costs that would prevent us from keeping our people trained to the level they have to be."
The Navy is already there. Last month it instituted a hiring freeze and announced that all nonessential travel would be canceled. Last week, the Navy said the aircraft carrier Harry S. Truman will not deploy as expected this year because of budget concerns.
Papp said the Coast Guard will protect its core work: search and rescue and security of ports such as San Diego.
"Those two are jobs No. 1," he said.
The Coast Guard, which has 43,000 active-duty service members, stations 930 people in San Diego.
The local inventory of hardware includes two 378-foot cutters that transferred to San Diego in 2011, a handful of 110-foot and 87-foot patrol boats and several small, fast security vessels that escort Navy ships in and out of the bay.
The sector also flies orange-and-white MH-60 Jayhawk helicopters out of its headquarters along Harbor Drive.
That inventory will shrink in coming years when the 378-foot Vietnam-era cutters Sherman and Boutwell retire. Each has a crew of 180.
One of the Coast Guard's biggest spending projects is the National Security Cutter. Eight of these high-tech cutters are scheduled to replace the service's 12 existing long-range vessels.
But none of the eight will be stationed in San Diego. Papp said the proposed ports are Alameda on San Francisco Bay, Charleston, S.C., and Honolulu. The first three — the Bertholf, Waesche and Stratton — are already serving in Alameda.
The National Security Cutter, a program that started in the early 2000s, has been somewhat controversial for the Coast Guard because of rising costs. The program called for ships to cost $594 million each. Now, as the fourth and fifth are under construction, the price is just less than $700 million each.
Papp acknowledges that there were problems, and he pegs it to the loss of the service's civilian acquisition force during downsizing in the 1990s.
There's been a question if the Coast Guard will get the funding to build all eight ships. Papp said he is optimistic because Congress has indicated that it will put initial money for the seventh ship in the 2013 budget.
"When I became commandant (in 2010), I was told, 'You are probably not going to get all eight of those National Security Cutters. You'll be lucky if you get five,' " Papp said in an interview at the San Diego Convention Center.
The third new cutter, the Stratton, suffered premature hull corrosion and leaks that were reported in May. Coast Guard officials said it was an isolated problem.
It's reminiscent of the troubles faced by the Navy's new littoral combat ship line, which at roughly 400 feet is about the same size.
The littorals experienced similar or worse cost growth. At one point, fleet watchers were suggesting the National Security Cutter blueprint to the Navy as a replacement for the controversial littoral program.
Papp said he is pleased with the performance of his first three new flagship cutters.
"People were questioning the quality of the work and potential performance of the ships before they were out there. One to three are out there operating, and they are magnificent," he said. "They are probably exceeding my expectations in terms of performance."
To do the same job with eight ships that it has with 12, the Coast Guard plans to swap crews on and off the ships. It's a tactic the Navy employs with submarines and the littoral ships. It allows the service to save on transit costs by keeping a vessel in a location longer while providing fresh sailors.
Papp said the Coast Guard will budget four crews for three cutters, to keep the rotation going. The ships are expected to be at sea 235 days a year, instead of the 185 days by the older models.
The service is also looking at unmanned aerial vehicles to extend the reach of the National Security Cutter.
In August, the Coast Guard tested the ScanEagle aboard the Stratton. With a 10-foot wingspan, the mini surveillance plane is made by Boeing Co. subsidiary Insitu. It is launched via shipboard catapult and landed by a hook that grabs its wing.
Papp said testing will continue this year.
"It shows a lot of promise for us," the commandant said. "We can expand our horizon around each ship out there."
Despite the eventual loss of the Sherman and Boutwell, San Diego may look forward to the addition of another new Coast Guard ship line, the Offshore Patrol Cutter.
This medium-sized ship will replace the agency's existing 210-foot and 270-foot cutters. The first one is expected to be delivered in 2020.
Papp hinted strongly that San Diego is a likely location for at least one of the 25 that the Coast Guard expects to buy. Crews are expected to number 75 to 100 people.
"We'll be looking for places to locate them in ports where there's good living for our people and ports where the weather is good. While I'm not specifying any port, you might be catching my drift that places like San Diego are attractive," he said.
"For a service as small as we are, we have a rather substantial number of people here in San Diego. And we will into the future."


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SPEED Expands iPowow Second-Screen Platform with First-Ever, In-Event Live Voting
Monster Energy Supercross Viewers Can Participate Real-Time During This Weekend's Live Race from Anaheim
CHARLOTTE, N.C.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--As part of its expanding relationship with FOX Sports Media Group, iPowow, the Participation TV specialists, now offers SPEED viewers in-race LIVE voting as part of network coverage of the 2013 Monster Energy Supercross season -- the first "in-event" television platform of its kind.
"We are delighted to continue our partnership with iPowow and experiment with their real-time voting platform in our live race broadcasts." said Kevin Annison, SPEED VP of Digital & Interactive Media. "The SPEED Live Vote has generated some great viewer engagement metrics and helped bolster our digital and social initiatives. iPowow's second-screen platform gives our producers an new tool to create compelling segments and interact with the audience. The Live Votes generate interesting real-time talking points that take the on-air conversation in new directions. Our talent and viewers are having fun with it and it helps SPEED build deeper connections between our shows and our viewers."
The SPEED-iPowow partnership began in 2012, as live voting was first used as part of the network's popular live NASCAR pre-race show, NASCAR RaceDay. During the 10-race Chase for the NASCAR Sprint Cup, race fans voted more than 2,000,000 times, with viewers spending an average of 73 minutes on the "Live Vote" platform during the 10 programs.
"We are proud to launch our 'in-event live voting' with SPEED," said Gavin Douglas, Chief Creative Officer at iPowow. "The network recognizes the importance of engaging viewers in a compelling story on the second screen, without taking their attention away from the action on the first screen."
"iPowow was built as a platform to give producers the power to enhance their live shows," Douglas added. "As multi-platform programming continues to evolve, engaging fans and building new ways to bring the TV and Internet advertising industries together is essential."
The next Monster Energy Supercross race on SPEED is Anaheim III, scheduled to air live on Feb. 2 at 10:30 p.m. ET. For a look at the complete racing schedule on SPEED, please visit http://moto-racing.speedtv.com/ama-supercross-motocross/schedule/.
In addition to NASCAR and Supercross programming, iPowow also activated its live voting platform during SPEED coverage of the 2013 Barrett-Jackson Collector Car Auction from Scottsdale, Ariz., for the first time, drawing participation from more than 70,000 viewers during the multi-day broadcast.
About SPEED™
SPEED, anchored by its popular and wide-ranging coverage of NASCAR, is the nation's first and only cable television network dedicated to automotive and motorcycle racing, performance and lifestyle. Now available in nearly 86 million homes in North America, SPEED, a member of the FOX Sports Media Group, is among the industry leaders in interactive TV, video on demand, mobile initiatives and broadband services, including SPEED2, a groundbreaking new broadband network featuring live, streaming and on-demand events complementing offerings of the linear network. For more information, please visit SPEED.com, the online motor sports authority and follow us on Twitter: @SPEED.
About FOX Sports Media Group
FOX Sports Media Group (FSMG) is the umbrella entity representing News Corporation's wide array of multi-platform US-based sports assets. Built with brands capable of reaching more than 100 million viewers in a single weekend, FSMG includes ownership and interests in linear television networks, digital and mobile programming, broadband platforms, multiple web sites, joint-venture businesses and several licensing partnerships. FSMG includes FOX Sports, the sports television arm of the FOX Broadcasting Company; Fox's 20 regional sports networks, their affiliated regional web sites and FSN national programming; SPEED and SPEED2; FOX Soccer, FOX Soccer Plus and FOX Soccer 2Go; FUEL TV; FOX Deportes and FOX College Sports. In addition, FSMG also encompasses FOX Sports Interactive Media, which includes FOXSports.com on MSN, Whatifsports.com Scout.com and Yardbarker.com. Also included in the Group are Fox's interests in joint-venture businesses Big Ten Network, BTN 2Go and STATS, LLC, as well as licensing agreements that establish the FOX Sports Radio Network and FOX Sports Skybox restaurants.
About iPowow:
iPowow is an interactive media company based in Los Angeles, on the leading edge of the global shift towards Participation TV and Second Screen content. iPowow gives Broadcasters, TV producers and Advertisers the power to create a new breed of Participation TV with compelling engagement for the viewer. Best of all, it generates significant revenue streams for TV shows from on-screen advertising and Second Screen sponsorship. For more information on how Participation TV is changing the way we watch and engage with television please contact: email@example.com.
Erik Arneson, 704-501-5795


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John Keats
John Keats (31 October 1795 – 23 February 1821 / London, England)
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Lines On The Mermaid Tavern
Souls of Poets dead and gone,
What Elysium have ye known,
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Goals I am working onI would love to Earn the following Badges, but need YOUR support!
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I get very turned on by you watching me indulge in personal pleasure.Im cool, come get to know me! I like a lot of things. Let me know in open room chat or via a private message what you are seeking and lets have some alone time to experience all you are craving. I too can be shy in open, but once we are alone we are another form of ourselves and have no need to ever hesitate.
He knows under my garments I have a round curvaceous ass I never appreciated enough before it was in his hands. I shudder when I feel the light weight of my breast lifted, cupped in a hand, and my nipple given a sweet stinging pinch. Moving my hair from my ear, neck and shoulder leaves a chilled exposed feeling. I feel more than just naked. . . Vulnerable. My voice will falter as I try to find the words but only moan. I am yours to enjoy.
Im very open-minded and experimental so introduce me to your fetish. I would love a new perspective on ones Ive seen and anything new you might tell me about! With the right start up I can take an active role in anything you enjoy! As your DOM i expect you to know what form of discipline or exercise you want - if you dont know what physical and mental limits you have and what your challenges will be - neither can I. As your SUB I will give all effort. Do not bruise me or break skin. I do NOT take orders for free in open.
FOR EXTRA PERKS PLEASE JOIN MY FAN CLUB - as a 30 day member, you gain access to discounts, freebies, and 6 years of Fans Only Content, updated regularly and available 24/7!
I love to pretend that I am in a position of refusing to bend to your will and orgasm but everything you do to my body sets me over the edge into the delirium of pleasure you induce.
Cuckolding, Findom, Jerk off Instruction, Orgasm Control/Denial, Role Play/Costumes, Slaves, Small Penis Humiliation, Stockings/Panty Hose, Sugar Daddy, Wet and Messy
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Bad Cop/Good Cop, Boss / Secretary, Cheerleader/Jock, Cowboy/Cowgirl, Dirty Talk, Doctor / Nurse, Flight Attendant/Pilot, French Maid/Client, Master / Slave, Student/Teacher
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On March 1, 2013, Absolute Intense Wrestling makes its long-awaited iPPV debut with Girls Night Out 8, live from Cleveland, Ohio, at 7:30 pm. For details on how to order, visit Smart Mark Video at smvod.com!
AIW's all-woman card has grown leaps and bounds since its inception, and, for its iPPV debut, we're proud to announce that the main event of the evening will be the first ever Girls Night Out ladder match, with a shot at the AIW Women's Championship on the line. Eight women will enter Turners Hall looking for a championship opportunity, but only four will get in, and only one can win. It's called "Climb the Ranks," a one night mini tournament designed to find out just who the most deserving woman on the AIW roster is. At press time, all four Climb the Ranks qualifying matches have been announced, and they are:
Sassy Steph vs. Taylor Made
Veda Scott vs. Leva Bates
"Crazy" Mary Dobson vs. Annie Social
Athena vs. Kimber Lee
In addition to the Climb the Ranks tournament and ladder match, The Social Network (Heidi Lovelace and Nikki St. John) will take on Angeldust and K.C. Warfield, Addy Star will make her Absolute Intense Wrestling debut, and the reigning and defending AIW Women's Champion Allysin Kay will defend her title against a MYSTERY OPPONENT.
Girls Night Out has been no stranger to marquee independent women's wrestling matches over the past year. If you saw Hailey Hatred vs. Sara Del Rey from Girls Night Out 7 or the Steel Cage and Fans Bring the Weapons clashes between Allysin Kay and Mia Yim, then you know what to expect from Girls Night Out 8. If you can't make it to Cleveland to take part in the live experience, please join us via iPPV on March 1. A stream costs $14.99 and can be viewed AS MANY TIMES AS YOU LIKE. To witness the most intense women's wrestling in the United States from the comfort of your home, visit smvod.com and order Girls Night Out 8 today!
For up-to-the-minute news and information on Girls Night Out 8 and more, please follow Absolute Intense Wrestling on Facebook: facebook.com/aiwrestling


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Applying to the Program
Please send your letter of interest, resume,
and any letters of recommendation to the
MPA director at the following address:
Professor Frances Edwards
MPA Director/POLS
San Jose State University
One Washington Square
San Jose, CA 95192-0119
|Donation Instructions:
- Enter Amount
The application process must be completed by the dates specified by the Graduate Studies Office.
All of the following must be completed by the above deadlines in order for your file to be considered for admissions:
- An online application filled out directly to the graduate school at the following link through CSUMentor.
- Submission of the following documents to the MPA Program office:
- a career interest essay explaining who you are, your career goals, and how the MPA will help you achieve these goals; this is your writing sample
- a current resume
- letters of recommendation are optional application materials for the MPA admission files. Send only letters that disclose unique information on awards, projects or work performance
Deadline for submission of all official documents, including TOFEL scores and transcripts of previous college work (including any community college work), to the graduate school office is found on the Graduate Studies Office website accessed from the hyperlink above. *Please note that we do not require the GRE for admissions.
Please note the following:
Incomplete applications will not be considered for admission - your application materials must be postmarked by the deadline date.
Dr. Edwards does not meet with potential applicants, as she feels all applicants deserve an even playing field, there are no exceptions.


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An Edgartown woman was arrested on drunken driving charges Tuesday after she was involved in a two-car crash in West Tisbury that sent two to the hospital with minor injuries, police said.
Jennifer Brown, 33, of Edgartown was headed south on State Road Tuesday just after 4 p.m. when she rear-ended a car driven by Joseph Spinelli, 72, West Tisbury police Cpl. Garrison Vieira said.
Corporal Vieira said Mr. Spinelli, who was driving a red Subaru with Florida plates, was stopped for a vehicle making a turn when Ms. Brown, driving a Toyota Tacoma, came up from behind and hit his vehicle.
The collision caused the Subaru to roll over onto its side and the Toyota went into the woods, Corporal Vieira said. Mr. Spinelli was trapped inside the vehicle for a short time and was extracted by emergency responders.
Both people were taken to Martha's Vineyard Hospital by Tri-Town ambulance and treated for minor injuries, he said.
Ms. Brown was released and arrested on charges of drunken driving, negligent operation of a motor vehicle, following too closely, speed greater than reasonable, failure to wear a seat belt, and having an open container of alcohol in a motor vehicle, according to police.
The West Tisbury fire department, Tri-Town Ambulance and Chilmark police also responded, Corporal Vieira said, and State Road was closed for a time between Indian Hill and South Indian Hill Roads.


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Tanah Lot is one of the important directional temples in Bali. The temple is located on a rock just offshore in South Bali. It is said to be the work of revered 15th century Hindu priest Nirartha and forms an important element of Balinese spirtualism and mythology.
This is an extremely popular tourist destination and the whole area is often very busy indeed, especially in the late afternoons, pre-sunset. The area between the car park (Rp 5,000 per vehicle) and the beach adjacent to the temple is a maze of souvenir shops selling just about every Balinese trinket imaginable.
The approach path to Tanah Lot temple is a maze of souvenir shops and not a bad place to fill up your bags with trinkets if you are so inclined.
Once you have fought your way through the souvenir vendors to the beach, you will see the magnificent temple perched on a rock just a few metres offshore. There is a footpath to the raised cliff area just to the south from where the views of the temple and the sunset behind it are outstanding. Photo-opportunities abound. Entry fee is Rp 10,000.
There are large number of restaurants along the cliff top which offer great views but less great food. The best advice here would be to order a drink, get your fill of the views and photo-ops, and eat elsewhere.
Virtually all of the restaurants at Tanah Lot serve Es Kelapa Mudah (chilled young coconut). This is a lovely refreshing option while watching the sun go down at Tanah Lot.
Restoration of the Temple. A comprehensive restoration programme started in the 1990s when it was realised that the rock was seriously eroded and in danger of collapse. This major work resulted in the actual temple being out of bounds which was still intermittently the case in early 2009. This is not really a hindrance to visitors though as entrance to the actual temple is not the key attraction.
Tanah Lot is about 45 minutes by car north west of the main southern tourist areas of Kuta, Legian and Seminyak and is en-route for those heading to West Bali. From Ubud it can reached in about 30 to 40 minutes by car.
A visit to Tanah Lot for sunset is one of the most popular organised tours offered in Bali.
Once you arrive at Tanah Lot, park your vehicle in the official car park (Rp 5,000) and proceed on foot.
The superb Nirwana Golf Course is adjacent to Tanah Lot, just to the south. This Greg Norman designed course is consistently voted as one of the very best in the whole of Asia. Stunning cliff top setting. Packages are normally available (ask at your hotel). Expect to pay US$ 170 to 200 per round all in.
Pejaten village is the centre of the ceramics manufacturing business in Bali, and well worth a visit. About 7 km north from Tanah Lot temple.
Our service for you - your travel checklist:
...and have fun!


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BRADJI Louardi
Name: BRADJI Louardi
Research interests:
At the LAMIS lab we have a strong team of people with diverse expertise, talents and interest areas. LAMIS is a community of mathematical and computer scientists. The Laboratory undertakes research in a broad range of subjects within the disciplines of Computer Science, Engineering, Technology, and Mathematics.
Mobile cloud computing lacks in tools of simulation of its aspects; to fill this gab we propose Mobile Cloud Simulation (MC-SIM) toolkits based on CloudSim. MC-Sim is an extension of CloudSim that add more package dedicated to simulate mobile entities such as mobile device, mobile application, and more other sub-entities needed during the simulation.
The numbers and types of applications are becoming available on a variety of platforms for mobile devices is undeniably explosive. In order to better fulfil user's expectations taking advantage from existing apps, we propose a technique for developing mobile device apps, through composition of existing homogeneous or heterogeneous apps (or software entities), that are context-aware – i.e., customize behaviour of the desired app according to the different execution environments and users' needs.
In recent years, biometric systems are used in a variety of applications like access control, surveillance systems and physical buildings, offering greater convenience and several advantages over traditional security. This project is investigating various biometric sources (face, iris, hand, fingerprint, and gait) and sensors (2D, 3D, infra-red, ...) with the goal of developing more accurate biometric techniques.
In this project we propose a Cloud based multiple criteria decision support system (MDSS) for Selecting Urban Sustainable Development Projects in order to help the decision makers to choose the best urban project with conflicting criteria. The MDSS is deployed on a platform Cloud (CloudBees) and managed by the OpenStack infrastructure.
• Adel Ouannas, Giuseppe Grassi...


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You Can Ask! is a resource video featuring street stories from Sesame Street Season 33, along with introductions by the cast, telling viewers that it's okay to ask about things that they don't know.
Maria and Elmo talk about fear, introducing Episode 3981. Gina and Big Bird talk about dealing with loss, introducing Episode 4026. Gordon introduces Episode 4029. Luis and Big Bird talk about how there are different people in the world, and introduce Episode 4021.
You Can Ask can be obtained for free at The iTunes Store and at Sesame Workshop's website.
The video was also sold as part of a resource kit. That version contains content in English, Spanish and Chinese. It was packaged with a set of guides for parents and caregivers and activities to be done with children.