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Total of 76,000 Institutions across Nation Awarded Education Resource Using Great American Art
The National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) awarded Picturing America to 29,086 schools and public libraries as the result of the program's second national application period, the Endowment announced today. NEH's Picturing America is an education initiative that brings significant works of American art directly to classrooms and libraries to help citizens of all ages explore American history and culture through our nation's art. To date, over 76,000 schools, public libraries, and Head Start centers nationwide have been awarded this free education resource.
"America has a remarkable story, filled with riveting chapters and extraordinary heroes. Picturing America brings this story to life through forty compelling images," said NEH Chairman Bruce Cole. "The Endowment is awarding this tremendous resource to over 29,000 additional schools and public libraries, so that students and citizens of all ages can gain a deeper understanding of American history in a direct and engaging new way."
Today's 29,086 recipients come from all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and three U.S. territories. This figure includes district-wide awards in major U.S. school districts such as: Los Angeles Unified School District, Boston Public Schools, Cleveland Metropolitan School District, and San Antonio Independent School District. 8,800 of today's awardees are home school consortia located in every state, Washington, D.C., and three U.S. territories. In addition to school districts and consortia, library systems also successfully applied, including Hawaii State Public Library System, which will bring Picturing America to its 49 locations. Materials for today's awardees, who submitted applications before the Nov. 14, 2008, deadline, will be delivered in spring 2009.
A complete list of recipient schools and public libraries, by city and state, is available at the Picturing America Web site at: Picturingamerica.neh.gov/public_awards.php.
Awardees receive 40 large, high-quality reproductions of great American art and a comprehensive teachers resource book which can readily be used in core subject areas such as social studies, civics, language arts, and American history. The Picturing America Web site provides additional education resources for educators, including over 150 links to lesson plans and external online resources, as well as an online image gallery enabling students to examine and compare the images by themes like leadership, democracy, and courage.
Picturing America has now been awarded to a total of 56,000 schools and public libraries, incorporating approximately one third of all K-12 schools and public libraries in the United States. First piloted to 1,500 schools in January 2008, the program was launched nationally in February 2008 and awarded to over 26,000 schools and public libraries across the country in the first application period. District-wide applications in the first application cycle brought Picturing America to major public school districts in New York City, Philadelphia, Chicago, Atlanta, and San Francisco, as well as to school and library districts in Washington, D.C.
In addition to schools and public libraries, through a partnership with NEH, the Administration for Children and Families within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Office of Head Start, has made Picturing America available to the 20,000 Head Start centers around the nation. In December 2008, HHS announced the development of program materials for pre-K learners. Beginning in spring 2009, Head Start centers across the nation will offer Picturing America programming to enhance early childhood development and family literacy.
Several other federal agencies, including the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS), the National Park Service (NPS), the Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA), and the U.S. Department of State, partnered with the NEH and have been instrumental in expanding the reach of the program. For example, NPS has made select images from the Picturing America collection available to patrons at several National Park sites around the country, and DoDEA has distributed Picturing America materials to the 192 military schools at home and abroad. Additionally, the American Library Association (ALA) is working in cooperation with the NEH to distribute Picturing America to schools and public libraries nationwide. NEH state humanities councils have played an active role in the local reach of the program, providing community programming and education opportunities for teachers.
NEH will provide further programming opportunities for Picturing America recipients by offering Picturing America School Collaboration grants—professional development workshops in summer 2009 hosted by institutions such as museums and historical societies. This grant opportunity is designed to help teachers and librarians form connections with Picturing America artworks and courses in the core curriculum. Interested educators will be able to apply in spring 2009.
To learn information about Picturing America, read testimonials from educators (please see the attached file at the top), or view the images available in the collection, please visit the Picturing America Web site (PicturingAmerica.neh.gov).
About Picturing America
Picturing America is a new educational initiative from the National Endowment for the Humanities that brings great American art directly to classroom and library learning to provide an innovative way for citizens of all ages to explore the history, character, and ideals of America through our nation's art.
Picturing America comes with a comprehensive package of materials that includes:
- Forty large, high-quality color reproductions of the selected masterpieces (24" x 36");
- A comprehensive teachers resource book providing a wide range of ideas and background information to support educators using the works of art in core subject areas; and
- Additional resources and lesson plans available through the Picturing America Web site, PicturingAmerica.neh.gov.
The NEH wishes to thank the following organizations: the American Library Association, Office of Head Start, Institute of Museum and Library Services, the National Park Service, the Department of Defense Education Activity, the U.S. Department of State, The History Channel, and the National Trust for the Humanities. The NEH is grateful for the generous support of Mr. and Mrs. Robert H. Smith, as well the support of Honorable William D. Rollnick and the Honorable Nancy Ellison.


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You can use the menu on the right to browse to find any product you are looking for. In all likelihood it is a temporary condition, but we will investigate every error we receive.
You may also wish to contact us via email at email@example.com.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
CNA - Nurse Float Pool
PeaceHealth is seeking a CNA - Nurse Float Pool for a 0.9 full time equivalent Non-Exempt position. This position will be working Night shift with shift durations of 12 Hours.
Req ID: 179016
Assists professional nursing personnel in providing quality, compassionate patient care by performing tasks involving direct and indirect patient care, using skills and knowledge in basic nursing assistant procedures and techniques under direction and supervision of a registered nurse.
- Assist in providing direct patient care as delegated by the Registered Nurse within the scope of the CNA licensure.
- Perform basic technical skills which may include: CPR; taking and recording vital signs; measuring and recording fluid intake/output; applying dressings; recognizing and reporting signs and symptoms of common diseases or conditions; administering treatments as directed by a physician or nurse.
- Assist patient with personal care which may include: bathing; mouth and skin care; grooming and dressing; toileting assistance; eating and hydration.
- Provide patients with help walking, exercising, and moving in and out of bed.
- Maintain unit supplies by stocking patient rooms and supply areas to meet patient care needs.
- Documents relevant patient care data
- May provide clerical support to the unit; doing order entry, chart processing, answering telephones, etc.
- Performs other duties as assigned.
- Graduate of an approved Certified Nursing Assistant program required
- Minimum of one year experience in an acute care facility preferred.
- Demonstrated knowledge of and ability to apply age specific principles of growth and development and life stages to meet each patient's needs.
- Current Certified Nursing Assistant certification level as required by state or facility.
- Current BLS (Basic Life Support) certification required at date of hire.
- Demonstrates a courteous, caring, and understanding attitude towards patients, families, co-workers, visitors, volunteers, peers, and physicians.
- Must be well organized, flexible and able to function effectively and independently as assigned.
- Ability to work in a fast-paced environment
- Demonstrates creative problem solving skills.
- Excellent communication skills
- Basic computer, clerical, phone etiquette and customer service skills
Ray Hickey Hospice House:
Food Handler's Permit is required.
Surgical Pre-OP:
MAPWA required within 6 months of hire.
- Work requires moderate physical exertion to include prolonged periods of standing from 34% to 65% of the time.
- Ability to lift objects weighing 50 lbs. or less.
- Work requires frequent exposure to minor cold, heat, poor ventilation or sharp instruments; reasonably anticipated exposure to blood and body fluids once per month or more; hazards may include exposure to cleaning chemicals and disinfectants, soiled linens, unknown liquid in trash bags and biohazards (sharps).
- Duties require the ability to concentrate and pay close attention to detail (more than 65% of work time).
- There are ergonomic risks identified for each Environmental Services Technician (EST) assignment.
There may be more than one opening on this posting.
For full consideration of your skills and abilities, please attach a current resume with your application.
About Us
PeaceHealth, based in Vancouver, WA, is a not-for-profit Catholic health system employing approximately 16,000 caregivers, a multi-specialty medical group practice with more than 1,200 providers and 10 medical centers serving both urban and rural communities in Washington, Oregon, Alaska. In 1890, the Sisters of St. Joseph of Peace founded what has become PeaceHealth. Today, the legacy of its founding Sisters continues with a spirit of respect, stewardship, collaboration and social justice in fulfilling its Mission.
Get a feeling for the Spirit of PeaceHealth through this three-minute video, and visit us on Facebook or LinkedIn! We offer competitive compensation, a robust benefits package and a collaborative, Mission-driven work environment!
To learn more please visit: jobs.peacehealth.org. Questions? Review our Employment FAQ or email email@example.com. Please note this email does not accept resumes or applications.
Location: Vancouver, Southwest Medical Center (150)
Job Category: Allied, Ancillary & Clinical Support
Shift: Night
Shift Length: 12 Hours
Work Type: Full Time
Hourly compensation starts at: $15.61, more depending on experience
Required Certifications/Licensure: Basic Life Support; Certified Nurse Assistant - Washington
PeaceHealth is committed to providing equal employment opportunities to all qualified job applicants and employees without regard to the following statuses: protected veteran, qualified individual with a disability, race, ethnicity, religion, gender, pregnancy, gender identity, national origin, age, genetic information, sexual orientation, or any other protected status in accordance with local, state, or federal laws.
The above information is intended to indicate the general nature and level of work performed by this position. It is not designed to contain or be interpreted as a comprehensive inventory of all duties, responsibilities, and qualifications required of caregivers assigned to this job.
Nearest Major Market: Portland Oregon
Nearest Secondary Market: Tacoma
Job Segment: Nursing, Nursing Assistant, Medical, Social Media, Clerical, Healthcare, Marketing, Administrative


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It's a story that sounds like something out of a feel-good Hollywood pet movie: A 4-year-old indoor house cat named Holly, lost during a family vacation 200 miles from her home, makes a harrowing two-month journey to find her way back. The story even has a tear-jerker ending: The day Holly made it back home was on New Year's Eve, according to the Denver Post.
Holly's trek is an inspiring tale of a cat's resilience and desire to reunite with its family despite the narrow odds and harrowing ordeals she likely encountered along the way. For scientists, though, the saga is as baffling as it is awesome. Unlike some animals, like migratory birds or sea turtles, cats do not have any known homing instinct or internal compass. There isn't even any evidence that they have the kind of long-distance territorial awareness that scientists expect can occasionally lead dogs back home after becoming lost. So how did Holly find her way home?
Though the exact details of Holly's journey remain a mystery, it's unlikely that she was picked up by a good Samaritan and driven home. When she arrived back to her hometown in West Palm Beach, Fla., she was staggering, weak and emaciated. The condition of her feet also gave clues about her ordeal.
"Her pads on her feet were bleeding," explained Bonnie Richter, Holly's owner. "Her claws are worn weird. The front ones are really sharp, the back ones worn down to nothing."
Clearly, Holly was determined to make it home. The fact that she would have had to average more than three miles a day over the course of her journey also tells of just how efficient a traveler she had to be.
"I really believe these stories, but they're just hard to explain," said Marc Bekoff, a behavioral ecologist at the University of Colorado. "Maybe being street-smart, maybe reading animal cues, maybe being able to read cars, maybe being a good hunter. I have no data for this."
Holly's trek especially defies the odds, since she was an indoor house cat. One theory, posited by New York-based animal behaviorist Peter Borchelt, is that Holly might have followed the Florida coast by sight or sound, tracking Interstate 95 and deciding to "keep that to the right and keep the ocean to the left." Nobody but Holly really knows for sure, though, and it wouldn't be prudent to put poor Holly up to the test again.
In fact, little research is available on how cats navigate. One 1954 study, which observed how cats placed in a maze were able to locate exits in the direction of their homes, offers some hints. But the exact mechanism behind the cats' sense of direction is still a mystery.
It's also possible that Holly represents an exception rather than a rule. For instance, cats are not often quite so loyal as some other pets, such as dogs. It's possible that tales of long-distance cat journeys are rare because many cats simply lack the motivation to return home. Perhaps the fact that Holly was kept as an indoor house cat worked in her favor; she didn't know anything else, and felt vulnerable without the familiarity of her home.
Whatever the explanation, it's clear that there's still a lot we don't know about our feline companions. For Holly, though, at least we know she has a happy home, and owners who are thrilled to have her back.
Related post on MNN: Golden retriever leads owner to missing sibling


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Nearly a week after Minnesota became the 12th state to legalize same-sex marriage, opponents are strategizing what can be done to challenge the new law before wedding bells ring Aug 1.
Their answer so far seems unanimous: Not much.
"If a state decides that they want to approve same-sex marriage, we would disagree with that decision and think they will probably end up regretting it," said John Eidsmoe, senior counsel and resident scholar for the Montgomery, Ala.-based Foundation for Moral Law. "But I don't see that we have a constitutional or legal basis for saying they don't have the right to do that."
Chances for a legitimate legal challenge to Minnesota's legislation are slim if it was enacted properly, and by all accounts, it was, said Alison Gash, an assistant professor of political science at the University of Oregon who is writing a book on same-sex marriage. There appear to have been no procedural hitches in the state's 75-59 House vote and 37-30 Senate vote.
"From a legal perspective, there's nothing obvious to me, but from a democratic ballot-box perspective, there's always an opportunity," Gash said. "It's a matter of what the populace feels."
Challenges to similar legislation after the fact aren't unheard of. After the New York state legislature legalized same-sex marriage in 2011, the organization New Yorkers for Constitutional Freedoms sued for an injunction alleging that the state violated open meetings laws in deliberations before the final vote. An appeals court rejected that argument in 2012.
Maine passed a law allowing same-sex marriage three years ago, but it was successfully stalled by opponents, who wanted the issue put to voters. It was rejected at the polls, but again made the ballot in 2012, and it was approved last November.
California is the only state to have granted gay marriage via judicial ruling, then have it withdrawn after voters in 2008 passed Proposition 8, an amendment to the state Constitution that limits marriages to a man and a woman. The question of Proposition 8's validity is now before the U.S. Supreme Court. Same-sex marriage advocates challenged the amendment's constitutionality and the court heard arguments this session, along with a challenge to the Defense of Marriage Act, which prohibits the federal government from recognizing same-sex marriages. The court will rule in June.
Austin Nimocks, senior counsel for the Alliance Defending Freedom, which has testified against gay marriage in a number of states, including Minnesota, said conservative organizations like his may take additional steps to safeguard religious freedom. Although Minnesota's law provides protections for clergy opposed to same-sex marriage, Nimocks said there were "none we would consider to be constitutionally adequate."
But there's still no constitutional basis for overturning the legislation itself, said Tom Berg, professor of law and public policy at the University of St. Thomas. Objectors may make religious liberty claims when it comes to serving same-sex couples, but it can't stop the law.
"There's no religious liberty rights to not have gay marriage recognized," he said. "There may be religious liberty rights to not to facilitate a marriage in particular situations, but that doesn't go to the existence of same-sex marriage."
Fight moves to the ballot box
In the meantime, conservative action groups across the nation are now turning their focus to regaining a Republican majority in Minnesota and elsewhere during the next election cycle.
That's the plan for the National Organization for Marriage. The nonprofit, which works in opposition of same-sex marriage, intends to maintain its presence in Minnesota and has said it will spend $500,000 to defeat any Republican who voted to legalize same-sex marriage. One Republican senator and four Republican House members broke ranks to support the bill.
The group's national political director, Frank Schubert, noted that the people of Minnesota didn't vote for gay marriage — the Legislature did. He added that last November's defeat of the proposed constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage was not an endorsement of gay marriage, rather a desire to preserve the status quo.
"There are going to be profound consequences in the political process," he said. "There's very little question that Republicans who abandon marriage will soon find themselves in a career out of politics, and I assume it will cost the DFL the majority of the Legislature."
Minnesotans United for All Families, the political group key to successfully passing the legislation, has similarly vowed to back the re-election efforts of candidates who backed the bill.
In the meantime, Eidsmoe is focusing on the upcoming U.S. Supreme Court decision, hoping that the Defense of Marriage Act is ruled constitutional. His organization believes in states' rights, even if he believes Minnesota made a fundamentally wrong choice on gay marriage.
"If it's going to be done, it should be done at the state level," he said. "We don't see anything in the U.S. Constitution that prevents states from defining marriage."


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Description of the illustration olsag033.gif
Read Access Label Evaluation with Inverse Groups: This flow diagram illustrates the criteria that must be satisfied to gain read access with inverse groups. Failing any criterion prohibits access. Criteria: 1. The data level must be less than or equal to the user level. 2. If the user has groups, then the data must have all the groups that are in the user label and, if the data has compartments, the user must have all compartments. 3. If the data does not have groups, then if the data has compartments, the user must have all compartments. Failing any of these criteria causes denial of access. In all other conditions, access is granted. This figure is also discussed in the text.


text:
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Christopher L. Hodapp is the editor of the "Journal of The Masonic Society." He is the author of the best-selling "Freemasons For Dummies," and "Solomon's Builders: Freemasons, Founding Fathers and the Secrets of Washington D.C." He is the co-author with Alice Von Kannon of "The Templar Code For Dummies" and "Conspiracy Theories and Secret Societies For Dummies." He has appeared on the History and Discovery channels on the subject of Freemasonry, its role in the founding of the United States and the building of Washington D.C. Hodapp has spent more than twenty years editing, writing and directing as a commercial filmmaker. He has written for corporate and non-profit programs, and his voice has appeared in many television and radio commercials. His newest book, "Deciphering the Lost Symbol," was published in 2010. Chris lives in Indianapolis, Indiana.
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The SETI Institute's Education and Public Outreach (EPO) programs share the excitement of searching for life in the universe with people of all ages. Many folk are curious about our place in the universe: are we alone in the vast ocean of stars and galaxies?
Curiosity motivates both exploration and learning in schools, science centers, colleges, and universities. In a less formal venue, several million people per year tap into the Institute's website and podcast radio show for cutting-edge science, technology, and opinion. Others learn about our astrobiology and SETI research through print and broadcast media via our SETI Thursday column, popular articles, and science-based television.
We're in classrooms across the nation. Institute scientists are co-authors of college-level textbooks: Life in the Universe, a national best-seller for introductory astrobiology, and Perspectives on Astronomy, a widely adopted text for introductory astronomy. The Institute offers curriculum and teacher professional development programs. Today, Voyages Through Time, our high school science curriculum, is taught in more than 400 schools around the nation, and is supported by a network of more than 90 teacher-mentors trained in our Astrobiology Summer Science Experience for Teachers (ASSET) program. Evolution is the core theme of Voyages Through Time; it provides the tools and strategies for science teachers to effectively manage social controversy while teaching about evolution. Between summer institutes, speakers, workshops, short courses, and exhibits at science and education conferences, we provide professional development for several hundred educators each year.
We also foster future scientists. Our Astrobiology Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program brings talented young women and men from across the nation to the Institute for an intensive 10-week summer research experience; each is mentored by an Institute scientist. REU is supported by the NSF, NASA, and private donors.
We succeed through partnerships. For NASA, we co-direct the EPO programs for Kepler, a Discovery Mission, and the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, SOFIA. In April, 2007, SOFIA took to the air for its first test flight as an observatory! We look forward to training and pairing educators with scientists onboard SOFIA for research missions. Scheduled for launch in 2008, Kepler will seek evidence of Earth-sized planets in the habitable zone of distant stars. Soon, we'll know whether our world is rare or common.
The SETI Institute continues its work as a member of the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI), a virtual institute of 16 US research organizations and universities, and 5 international partners. With the NAI, we train teachers, support public science talks, and contribute to the design of science museum exhibits, often in partnership with other NAI teams. Beyond our funding from NASA, NSF, Educate America, and private donors, our EPO programs benefit greatly from partnerships with other outstanding EPO groups: Lawrence Hall of Science at UC Berkeley, Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Universities Space Research Association, the 15 fellow members of NAI, and the professional organizations for scientists and teachers. Our scientists reach the public nationally.
More than 90 scientists work at the SETI Institute; many present public talks on all aspects of astrobiology (including SETI) that reach hundreds of audiences each year. Looking for life beyond Earth is the fundamental human question that motivates us to reach out and educate people about our research work. It's motivating, exciting, and fun!


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"Hush, Little Baby" Lifelike "Breathing" Doll
Lifelike, poseable doll by artist Waltraud Hanl. This So Truly Real® doll "breathes" like a real baby. With RealTouch® vinyl skin.
Measures 18" L
From The Ashton-Drake Galleries
Shh, you don't want to wake this collectible lifelike baby girl doll. She's so peaceful - and look! She's "breathing"! In fact, if you place your hand against her little tummy, you can even feel it moving gently up and down. She's the very picture of innocent dreams!
Hush, Little Baby is a So Truly Real® poseable vinyl baby doll designed by acclaimed doll artist Waltraud Hanl exclusively for Ashton-Drake. She's beautifully handcrafted, with soft RealTouch® vinyl skin, hand-applied hair and lashes, even tiny fingernails and toenails. She has the soft scent of baby powder and arrives in a delicate, floral-print baby gown, matching cap, and a little diaper. Collectors everywhere are sure to be captivated by this little dreamer, so don't wait - order now!
Fine adult collectible, not intended for children under 14.
- A remarkably lifelike So Truly Real® vinyl baby doll, Hush, Little Baby Doll is designed by acclaimed doll artist Waltraud Hanl, and available only from Ashton-Drake
- She "breathes"! A mechanism inside creates a gentle "breathing" pattern that you can see and feel, makes her even more realistic
- This collectible lifelike baby girl doll is superbly handcrafted, poseable and designed to lie in your arms just like a real baby, with RealTouch® vinyl skin, a soft baby powder scent, hand-applied blonde hair, delicate eyelashes, and carefully applied fingernails and toenails
- Hush, Little Baby comes to you dressed in a delicate, floral-print baby gown, matching cap, and diaper
- Certificate of Authenticity
- Measures 18" L; 45.7 cm L


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Product Description-
- Our Girls VIP Short is cute, trendy, hip, and fun! These adorable ruffle shorts come in a variety of colors, featuring a new longer length that's accented with a satin ribbon and waistband. The Girls VIP Short goes great with any casual top and is a perfect choice for spring or summer outfitting. From playing in the park to a casual day at home, the Girls VIP Short is a great addition to any girls wardrobe.


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Plain and simple, magnesium is essential for just about every function in the human body. In fact, because this mineral is the easiest to become depleted, you cannot possibly survive without enough magnesium. Factors that contribute to magnesium deficiency are those that we experience on a daily basis, like exercise, stress, air pollution, medications, drinking caffeine and alcohol and even a simple headache.
Transdermal Magnesium is a topical magnesium gel that provides an additional source of magnesium to those who are deficient. Similar to taking an Epson salt bath, magnesium that is absorbed topically gives you one additional way to benefit from this miracle mineral.
This brand new form of magnesium chloride is effective when applied topically and absorbed into the skin.
Why you'll love it:
- Provides 150 mg per 1/4 tsp
- Contributes to total body magnesium absorption
- May improve skin hydration
- 120 servings per bottle
How to take it: Apply directly to the arms, legs, hands or temples.
Customer Reviews
2 Item(s)
- by MORRIS
- Excellent for lower back inflammation I apply this before and after long hours of Stand Up Paddle Board paddling and or paddling on my SurfSki these sports tend to really work your lower back muscles. I don't leave home without it. (Posted on 11/9/2016)
- by EVELYN
- No Cramps, No Stress I used to get cramps in my feet and calves and experience shoulder and neck pain due to the amount of stress from the long distant and intense Stand Up Paddle Board/ Prone Board training/competitions which can range anywhere from 6-13 miles or longer. This would either slow me down or prevent the level of performance that I set out to achieve. Since I have started using the TransMag, I do not cramp up and the shoulder and neck pain is no longer an issue. (Posted on 10/18/2016)
2 Item(s)


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|22 Apr 2017
Desk1 7 Home Prem / Desk2 10 Pro / Main lap Asus ROG 10 Pro 2 laptop Toshiba 7 Pro Asus P2520 7 & 10
Jiyya PP been sleeping on he lounge eh? LOL!! Noce to see you back and yep for an 840 not bad
|My System Specs
|22 Apr 2017
Desk1 7 Home Prem / Desk2 10 Pro / Main lap Asus ROG 10 Pro 2 laptop Toshiba 7 Pro Asus P2520 7 & 10
Hello POMMIER (I am maybe wrongly assuming you are a pom - like me LOL!!)
Now here are a couple of really good sites that have great deals fro time to time.
Online Computer Store – Cheap Australian Computer Shop | Shopping Express &
Centre Com : Best PC Hardware Prices!
The first oe does have an EBay site and shipping is free there not that it is expensive fro te store.
Now this of course depends on the size you want and the brand - personally I like Samsung, Crucial, and SanDisk all of which you need to research first. Oh I suppose what you are going to use it for comes into play too ie a small 120GB for the OS and spinners for data. But the smaller drives generally speaking are not my cup of tea and tend to be a tad slower than the larger ones.
For example for Shopping Express a 250G Samsung 850 EVO - $140 a 500GB $235 and I reentlly picked up a Crucial 750GB on special there for $278
Edit: Forgot to mention Newegg have an Australian outlet now but some stuff still has to be shipped from the US where prices are ridiculously low compared to here
Computer Parts, PC Components, Laptop Computers, LED LCD TV, Digital Cameras and more - Newegg.com
|My System Specs
|27 Apr 2017
Windows 7 Professional 64 bit
Hey Bill, good to hear from you. Yes very well thanks. Hope you are too?
Hey John, thanks bud. Hope you are well?
|My System Specs
|27 Apr 2017
Desk1 7 Home Prem / Desk2 10 Pro / Main lap Asus ROG 10 Pro 2 laptop Toshiba 7 Pro Asus P2520 7 & 10
Hospital stay made bearable having the laptop with me
Hope the new woman is treating you well - no just joking I hope you are both very happy. Me am back on my own after a three year stint living with one of the girls from work and it just didn't work out to be my cup of tea, and besides I am too old and set in my hermit ways now .
Most of my time is spent on the machines and with the grand kids when I can after a long break with their mother for no good reason but alls well now. In fact just got the young bloke his first real laptop a nice little
Asus P2520LA with an i5 (I have the i7 model) and its the granddaughters birthday Sunday and I have a pile of stuff for her
Anyway must stop rambling - sign of old age you know LOL!!
Glad you are back
|My System Specs
|28 Apr 2017
Windows 10 Home x64
A Guy
|My System Specs
|09 Jun 2017
This is my RAMdisk (gillisoft)
anyone faster ? :)
|My System Specs
|04 May 2019
My Cruclal MX200 doesnt have the best specs, but it was cheap. Can't complain:
File benchmark:
THIS was my system benchmark in January, before I added the SSD:
THIS is after I added it...
And THIS is after adding my GeForce GTX 750 Ti:
Between the SSD and the 2GB Video card, it's helped me a lot.
|My System Specs
|04 May 2019
|My System Specs
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Columbia River Knife & Tool
Item Code: CRKT-M16-14Z
Status: IN STOCKKit Carsons M16® knife design has been a popular CRKT series for years. And the Zytel® version has built the largest user base of all. These knives are built for function, not fad. And they are exceptional values.
They use the very successful InterFrame construction, tough, textured Zytel® scales over a 420J2 stainless steel liner InterFrame. For added rigidity, these knives feature solid Zytel back spacers. The handle is assembled with superior offset Torx® fasteners. The handle is exceptionally rigid and fills the hand perfectly.
Tough AUS 4 high-carbon stainless steel is used for the blades to give greater everyday utility, and offer both Razor-Sharp and Combined Razor-Sharp and Triple-Point Serrated edges.
These knives feature the Carson Flipper, which is not only an aid to opening the blade, especially when wearing gloves, but acts as a blade guard when the blade is open.
The hefty M16®-04Z and M16®-14Z Big Dogs offer large dual grind Tanto-style blades. These are full-size working knives suited to large hands and heavy-duty tasks.
CRKT has also incorporated the patented AutoLAWKS automatic knife safety into all models, which converts the M16® Zytel® series into virtual fixed blades when their blades are open and locked.
All styles have Teflon® bearings and a removable Teflon®-plated stainless steel clothing/gear clip.
M16 Carson Design Large Tanto Blade Combo Edge with Zytel Handles and Double Steel Liners
Blade: Overall Length - 3.94" (10.0 cm)
Cutting Edge - 3.88" (9.9 cm)
Thickness - 0.14" (0.35 cm)
Hardness - 57-58 HRC AUS-6M Stainless
Handle: Closed Length -5.31" (13.5 cm)


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Yes, this is the new BMW X6 – Top Gear
We might have wasted few opportunities to say that the last X6 was a vulgar machine with a fat backside and a stuff-you outlook. But hey, that didn't stop a showroom stampede. Around the world, BMW sold an astounding quarter of a million of the things in its lifetime. And they'll sell some more yet, because it's still on offer. This new one doesn't actually go on sale until the end of this year.
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BMW is also pushing a range of lush cabin trim packages. They reach new heights of nomenclatural ambition: who could resist ticking a box on the configurator labelled Design Pure Extravagance?
As sure as night follows day, an X6M will follow. We can feel the tarmac rumbling beneath us already.
So, Internet, do you like? The new BMW X6: so good they designed it twice.


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Journal of the South African Veterinary Association
On-line version ISSN 2224-9435
Print version ISSN 1019-9128
J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc. vol.81 n.2 Pretoria Jan. 2010
Evaluation of PCR assays for the detection of Campylobacter fetus in bovine preputial scrapings and the identification of subspecies in South African field isolates
T SchmidtI,*; E H VenterII; J A PicardII
IAllerton Provincial Veterinary Laboratory, Private Bag X2, Cascades, 3202 South Africa
IIDepartment of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110 South Africa
As a result of the high lability and slow growth of Campylobacter fetus subspecies, the laboratory diagnosis of bovine genital campylobacteriosis has always been difficult. This is especially true under South African conditions, where farms are far apart, laboratories are only present in major centres and there are high ambient temperatures. In order to overcome the shortcomings associated with traditional diagnostic methods, the implementation of a molecular assay was sought. This work describes how a previously published PCR assay (MG3F/ MG4R primers) was adapted, optimised and applied in the diagnostic laboratory to test preputial samples directly for the presence of Campylobacter fetus. Field evaluation of the assay revealed an analytical sensitivity and specificity of 85.7 % and 99 %, respectively. Subsequent genotyping and phenotyping of a diverse collection of South African field isolates revealed that South Africa has an unexpected and previously unreported high incidence of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis biovar intermedius strains. These strains were not identified correctly by the subspecies-specific primer set evaluated. Until such time that cost-effective genotyping methods are available to diagnostic laboratories in South Africa, and other countries with these atypical Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis strains, the need for bacterial culture will persist. Identification to subspecies level of isolates at present remains dependent upon a single phenotypic criterion, namely tolerance to 1 % glycine.
Keywords: bovine genital campylobacteriosis, Campylobacter fetus fetus, Campylobacter fetus venerealis biovar intermedius, culture, polymerase chain reaction.
Genital campylobacteriosis is a transmissible genital disease of cattle caused by the bacterium Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv). The disease is characterised by temporary infertility of female cattle, early embryonic mortality, irregular oestrus cycles, delayed conception and infrequent abortions6. Most cows recover from infection and oestrus cycles will recommence after a few months but the herd experiences a decreased pregnancy rate and a prolonged calving season8. Infected bulls usually show no clinical signs of infection but become carriers and infect females at service2.
Campylobacteriosis is of considerable economic importance to the cattle industry worldwide1 and is considered to be one of the most important infectious causes of poor calving rates in southern Africa. Regional veterinary laboratories in South Africa and Namibia have reported between 0 and 12 % prevalences based on bacterial isolations made from bull sheath wash submissions. One particular study conducted on bulls which were communally grazed, reported a substantially higher prevalence of almost 29 %14.Itis believed that the availability of vaccines and artificial insemination practices have decreased the prevalence of the disease15 but many researchers still consider the prevalence of bovine venereal campylobacteriosis to be underestimated as a consequence of the lack of sensitive and reliable techniques for diagnosis4.
Currently diagnosis of genital campylobacteriosis relies on the cultivation and identification of the causative organism1. The success hereof is dependent upon the collection and maintenance of the fragile C. fetus bacterium, which has limited viability outside the host8. Most of the cattle-breeding farms in South Africa tend to be extensive in nature and located long distances from diagnostic laboratories. In many cases the consulting veterinarian may need to travel long distances to sample animals and the task of ensuring that samples reach the laboratory timeously becomes a logistical dilemma. In order to address these problems, alternative diagnostic methods have been sought.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays present a number of advantages over more traditional methods and the technology is becoming increasingly more accessible to diagnostic laboratories. Apart from exhibiting high specificities and sensitivities, the ability of these types of assays to detect non-viable organisms could also potentially resolve problems encountered in the field with the preservation of organism viability for subsequent bacteriological culture22.
A number of C. fetus-species-and subspecies-specific PCR assays have been described. Of these the multiplex PCR assay initially evaluated by Hum and colleagues5 has been described extensively. This assay, which is designed to identify and differentiate the 2 C. fetus subspecies, has been evaluated by various researchers and been shown to be both sensitive and specific13,20. Good correlation of subspecies identification results, albeit not 100 %, was achieved when the PCR method was compared with traditional biochemical and genotyping methods, including random amplification polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR); pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)10,13.
The aim of this investigation was to assess the suitability of the C. fetus-specific primer set, initially evaluated by Hum and colleagues5, to detect C. fetus directly in bovine preputial specimens. The multiplex assay was used in conjunction with traditional phenotyping tests to establish the suitability of the assay to assign South African C. fetus field isolates to subspecies.
Bacterial and protozoan cultures
Forty-six Campylobacter fetus isolates and 27 bacterial and protozoan isolates, genomically similar to C. fetus or occupying a similar biological niche, were obtained from reference collections or were isolated from diagnostic material (Table 1). All bacterial isolates were grown on Columbia agar (Oxoid) supplemented with 5 % sheep blood, at 37 ºC under microaerophilic atmospheric conditions. Microaerophilic atmospheric conditions were generated in anaerobic jars using Campylobacter gas generating kits (Oxoid). The Tritrichomonas foetus isolates were maintained in Trichomonas medium (Oxoid) at 37 ºC.
PCR template preparation
DNA was isolated from diagnostic specimens and bacterial suspensions using a commercial kit (Qiagen® DNeasy blood and tissue kit). Extraction was carried out according to the manufacturer's instructions except when processing diagnostic specimens where 500 µℓ of sample was subjected to extraction and final elution of DNA was done using only 100 µℓ of the elution buffer.
PCR protocol
The C. fetus-specific uniplex PCR using the MG3F(5'-GGTAGCCGCAGCTGCTAA GAT-3') and MG4R (5'-TAGCTACAATAACGACAACT-3') primers was carried out as described by Schulze and colleagues16. For the processing of diagnostic specimens, the volume of DNA template added to the reaction mixture was 0.2 µℓ and the volume of Taq polymerase incorporated into the reaction mixture was increased to 0.6 µℓ (Roche 1 IU/µℓ ). The multiplex PCR was used to identify bacterial isolates to both species (MG3F and MG4R primer set) and subspecies level (VenSF (5-CTTAGCAGTTTGCGATATTGCCATT-3) and VenSR (5-GCTTTTGAGATAACAATAAGAGCTT-3) primer set). The test was performed as described previously with no modifications5. PCR products were analysed by electrophoresis using 1.5 % agarose gels in 1 X Tris-Borate-EDTA (TBE) buffer at 100 V. Following staining in ethidium bromide (0.5 µg/mℓ ), the DNA bands were visualised using a gel documentation system and sized against a 100-bp DNA ladder (Fermentas).
Evaluation of the specificity of the PCR
The specificity of the C. fetus-specific uniplex PCR was determined by testing C. fetus reference and South African field isolates (n=46) in addition to a collection of other Campylobacter species (n=10) and organisms which may be encountered in the genital tract of cattle (n=18). Furthermore, amplicons from one of the Cfv reference strains and a field isolate were sent for sequencing.
Evaluation of the sensitivity of the PCR and the influence of potential inhibitors
Dilutions of a Cfv reference strain (ATCC 19438), prepared in modified Weybridge transport medium7, were subjected to the PCR. Aliquots of each dilution were also plated out on blood agar and incubated at 37 °C in a microaerophilic atmosphere for 72 h to determine bacterial counts. The detection limit of the PCR assay was taken as the lowest bacterial inoculum (cfu/mℓ ) that yielded a positive PCR result. Once the detection limit was established, the 2 dilutions immediately above the limit were spiked with varying concentrations (1 %, 2 %, 5 %, 10 %, 20 % and 50 % (v/v)) of blood, urine, faeces and semen. Aliquots of each spiked sample were subjected to PCR.
Evaluation of the sensitivity of PCR and culture assays using spiked bovine preputial specimens
Preputial specimens were collected from bulls younger than 2 years of age and which had previously been tested and found to be negative for C. fetus. Between 4 and 8 animals were sampled and the preputial material inoculated into Weybridge medium. Samples were pooled in the laboratory before being divided into aliquots and inoculated with dilutions of the Cfv reference strain (ATCC 19438) prepared in phosphate buffered saline containing 0.02 % Tween 80. Inoculated aliquots were kept at room temperature for 72 h. During this time, material was removed from each aliquot at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h post-inoculation for PCR and culture. For bacteriological culture, 100 µℓ of each aliquot was spread plated onto Skirrow's agar (Oxoid) and approximately 300 µℓ filtered (0.65 µm cellulose acetate filter) onto blood agar supplemented with FBP Campylobacter enrichment supplement (Oxoid). Following incubation at 37 ºC under microaerophilic conditions, all plates were examined for colonies typical of C. fetus, Gram-stained and counted11.
Field evaluation
All bovine preputial scrapes (n = 212) submitted in Weybridge transport medium to Allerton Provincial Veterinary Laboratory, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa between June 2007 and March 2008 were tested using the uniplex PCR assay as well as the traditional bacteriological culture method. It was decided to only test preputial scrapes in modified Weybridge transport medium as this has been proven to give the highest sensitivity when culturing is used8,17. All samples were processed within 36 hours of collection. Following incubation, all plates were examined for the presence of small, smooth, shiny colonies having a slightly grey to pink appearance. Suspect colonies were Gram-stained and identified as C. fetus if they were oxidase positive, grew at 25 ºC, were resistant to nalidixic acid and sensitive to cephalothin and did not produce hydrogen sulphide in triple sugar iron agar11.
Identification of subspecies
Campylobacter fetus reference and field isolates were identified to subspecies level using the multiplex PCR and 2 phenotyping tests namely: tolerance to 1 % glycine (BDH) and hydrogen sulphide production using lead acetate paper11. Additionally the ability to reduce selenite and susceptibility to metronidazole and cefoperazone was determined11,16.
PCR specificity and sensitivity
The MG3F and MG4R C. fetus-specific primers were shown to be highly specific yielding a single, distinct PCR amplicon of approximately 750-bp when tested against all C. fetus isolates. No amplicons were observed when any of the other Campylobacter strains or the collection of genital-associated microbes which were tested. A summary of the results is illustrated in Table 1.
The specificity of the primer pair was further demonstrated by DNA sequencing and alignment of the PCR amplification products from 1 of the Cfv reference strains (LMG 6570) and a field isolate (Inqaba Biotec). A BLAST search, using the assembled sequencing data, revealed 100 % similarity between the 2 sequences obtained and C. fetus sequences loaded in GenBank (Accession Numbers: CP000487.1; AY158814.1 and AY 158813.1).
The determination of sensitivity of the PCR revealed a detection limit of 615 cells/mℓ Weybridge medium, or 6.15 cells per PCR reaction. The 2 Cfv dilutions above the detection limit were spiked with varying concentrations of faeces, blood, urine and semen. Significant inhibition of the PCR reaction was noted for samples spiked with faeces; a 10-fold decrease in sensitivity was observed with aliquots spiked with 1 % faeces and complete inhibition observed with samples spiked with 2 % faecal material. Conversely, blood, urine and semen seemingly had no impact on the PCR results at the concentrations tested even when the test aliquots were spiked with as much as 50 % of the potential inhibitor.
Evaluation of the sensitivity of PCR and culture assays using spiked bovine preputial specimens
The evaluation of sensitivity of the PCR on spiked bovine specimens were carried out in triplicate using preputial material collected from different herds. The detection limit of both the culture and PCR assays were monitored over a period of 72 hours and recorded as the lowest Cfv inoculum (Cfv/mℓ) that yielded a positive result. Results are summarised in Table 2.
The 1st trial run was hampered by the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the samples. All Skirrow's plates were overgrown with Ps. aeruginosa preventing the detection and recovery of any C. fetus colonies.
Field evaluation
During the investigation period 212 bull preputial scrapes were received and processed using PCR and bacteriological culture. The results obtained using both methods are presented in Table 3.
From this data the analytical sensitivity and specificity of the PCR assay was calculated using guidelines12. A sensitivity of 85.7 % and a specificity of 99 % were obtained.
Identification of subspecies
The multiplex PCR was evaluated using 6 reference C. fetus isolates representing both sub species as well as C. fetus subsp. venerealis biovar intermedius (Cfv-i). A single PCR amplicon of approximately 750-bp was obtained with all 6 cultures. A 2nd amplicon of approximately 180-bp was obtained with both of the Cfv isolates but not the Cff or the Cfv-i reference isolates.
Phenotyping and PCR subspecies identification results for the 6 C. fetus reference cultures and 40 field isolates are summarised in Table 4. Based on the pivotal glycine tolerance test, 5 of the 40 field isolates were identified as Cff. All of the remaining isolates were unable to grow on blood agar supplemented with 1 % glycine; by virtue of the fact that all of these isolates produced hydrogen sulphide in L-cysteine supplemented medium, they were classified as Cfv-i.
Using the multiplex PCR assay all isolates yielded the same results: species-specific amplicons were observed but no subspecies-specific amplicons. The VenSF and VenSR subspecies-specific primer set used in the assay targets a segment of the Cfv genome. The generation of an amplicon of approximately 182-bp is indicative that the test organism is Cfv. Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus is identified by exclusion. Based on the PCR test results obtained, all the field isolates should be classified as Cff.
In veterinary diagnostic laboratories the culture and isolation of C. fetus is the traditional method for the diagnosis of bovine campylobacteriosis. The inherent limitations of this methodology prompted this investigation to identify and evaluate a more sensitive means of detecting C. fetus. Molecular techniques, particularly PCR, are becoming more practical and affordable for diagnostic laboratories to incorporate into their test portfolio. The specificity and sensitivity of assays, combined with the speed at which samples can be processed and results obtained, are appealing attributes22.
The multiplex PCR initially evaluated by Hum and colleagues5 is the most extensively described assay for the identification of C. fetus at species and subspecies level. In the multiplex format many investigators have used the PCR for the direct identification of subspecies of bacterial isolates. No publications to date have reported on the use of this PCR for the direct screening of clinical specimens. The ability to screen clinical specimens directly could potentially improve the overall sensitivity and accuracy of diagnostic results as many of the shortcomings conventionally encountered with the culture method would be eliminated. As a possible screening assay only the species-specific primer set was evaluated. It was reasoned that as a result of the reportedly low prevalence of C. fetus in South Africa6 and the improved test sensitivity achieved with uniplex test formats16 it would be more feasible to screen samples using only the C. fetus-specific primer set.
The specificity of the species-specific uniplex PCR was demonstrated by testing a collection of reference and field C. fetus isolates as well as bacteria taxonomically related to C. fetus or known to exist in similar microbiological niches. All C. fetus isolates yielded a single PCR amplicon of approximately 750-bp in size when tested with the uniplex PCR (Table 1). None of the other isolates tested produced amplicons, indicating that the test has an analytical specificity of 100 %. It is interesting to note that initial publications5,13,20 reported the generation of a PCR amplicon of about 960-bp in size. The amplicon has, however, been more recently reported and sequenced as 750-bp9,12,23. The reason for the discrepancy of almost 200-bp in size has not been explained.
During sample collection preputial material can quite easily become contaminated with urine, semen, faeces and/or blood. All 4 of these components have been documented as containing elements which may interfere with PCR tests24.It was consequently deemed necessary to evaluate the influence of each of the components on the sensitivity of the PCR assay. The detection limit of the assay was seemingly unaffected when samples spiked with up to 50 % of urine, semen or blood were tested. Faecal contamination, however, was shown to have a major inhibitory effect on the assay even at concentration levels as low as 1 %. The use of an alternative DNA extraction protocol could be investigated as a means of overcoming this potential problem but the inclusion of an internal control in the PCR assay would probably be the most feasible way of ensuring that false negative results are not reported as a result of PCR failure due to the presence of inhibitors in the samples.
The spiking of preputial material was carried out in triplicate using material collected by different practitioners and from animals in different herds. Sampling criteria were instituted to ensure as far as possible that only animals negative for C. fetus were sampled. The 1st run of spiked preputial material clearly illustrated the advantage of PCR over bacterial culture as a means of detecting C. fetus. The presence of Pseudomonas in the preputial material dramatically impeded the recovery of Cfv. Pseudomonas colonies, resistant to the antibiotics in the Weybridge transport and Skirrow's media, readily grew on the culture plates, obscuring any Cfv colonies which were plated out. Using the PCR assay however, Cfv was detected at 77 Cfv/mℓ (Table 2) at both 0 h and 24 h. Surprisingly, no amplicons were obtained when the 72 h spiked aliquots was tested. In view of the fact that PCR amplicons were visualised when the 72 h spiked aliquots from both subsequent test runs were analysed, it is hypothesised that the failure to detect Cfv is a result of the presence of Pseudomonas and possibly other contaminants that had increased in number in the pooled sample.
Certain strains of Pseudomonas such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa are known to produce the enzyme DNase3. The activity of this enzyme could have resulted in the degradation of DNA present in the sample. Problems resulting from the contamination of preputial cultures by Pseudomonas spp. have been reported8. Itis interesting to note, however, that none of the diagnostic samples tested during field evaluation exhibited such extensive Pseudomonas contamination as was noted with this test run, suggesting that in practice this type of contamination may be a rare occurrence.
Owing to geographical and other logistical reasons, private practitioners in South Africa typically face difficulties in getting specimens to the laboratory within the 6-hour viability period of the bacterium. The use of a transport enrichment medium (TEM) is a prerequisite as it permits a more lenient window period between sample collection and laboratory testing to be observed. As shown by the test results obtained here, the detection limit of the culture assay decreased with time, even when use was made of a TEM. Nonetheless, Cfv was still recoverable from samples up to 72 hours post-inoculation. Comparatively, the sensitivity of the PCR did not appear to be affected by time, with the detection limit remaining unchanged between 0 and 72 hours. The greater sensitivity achieved with PCR at 48 and 72 hours post-inoculation of samples (Table 2) is of particular interest as these are the time intervals more likely to be experienced in the field.
Field evaluation of the PCR assay was carried out over a 10-month period using diagnostic specimens submitted to Allerton Provincial Veterinary Laboratory. All bovine sheath scrapes submitted in Weybridge transport medium were tested using both the culture method and the PCR assay. Of the 212 samples received and tested, 4.2 % were found to be positive using the PCR assay while 3.8 % were found to be positive using the culture method. A high degree of agreement was observed between the PCR and the culture results (Table 3). Discrepancies between results were only noted on 2 occasions. In the 1st instance 1 of the samples was found to be positive by PCR but negative on culture. Both tests were repeated with the same results being obtained. This discrepancy is possibly a demonstration of the higher sensitivity of the PCR assay; illustrating the advantages of the PCR in detecting C. fetus in low numbers where the culture could possibly fail, especially in the presence of large numbers of contaminant bacteria or where non-viable bacteria are present. The converse situation was observed with the 2nd anomalous result where a negative PCR result was obtained but the sample was positive on culture. This result is harder to explain. The presence of trace amounts of PCR inhibitors cannot be ruled out. Neither can the possibility that the small volume (500µℓ) of the aliquot used for for DNA extraction and subsequent dilution of possible DNA units in the PCR reaction mix could have resulted in the diluting out of the target DNA. In spite of the 2 anomalous results obtained, it is important to note that neither of the tests under evaluation failed to detect a positive herd when repeat testing was carried out.
The high degree of agreement between the PCR and culture results was surprising, particularly since the shortcomings associated with the culture method are well documented8. The success achieved with culturing is attributed in part to the fact that the laboratory imposed rigorous sampling guidelines; only sheath scrape samples submitted in Weybridge transport medium were accepted. Sheath scrapes are preferable to sheath washes, a technique still used by many local practitioners, since the scraping technique has been shown to recover larger numbers of Cfv and provide 'cleaner' samples with less bacterial contamination17. In addition to sampling criteria, the culture procedure in the laboratory was enhanced by ensuring that all samples were plated out onto 2 different media; 1 selective and 1 FBP-enriched medium. This practice is often compromised, particularly in some of the smaller regional veterinary laboratories where budget constraints are prevalent.
In order to evaluate the described subspecies-specific primer set, VenSF and VenSR, a collection of South African C. fetus field isolates were identified to subspecies using the multiplex PCR as well as traditional phenotyping techniques. Currently, tolerance to 1 % glycine is the only internationally accepted phenotypic test prescribed for the differentiation of the 2 C. fetus subspecies11. The reproducibility of this assay is, however, poor and the test can give ambiguous results19. Other biochemical tests have been described for the purpose of determining subspecies but contradictory results have been obtained both in this study (results not shown) as well as by Schulze and colleagues16.
The C. fetus isolates tested represented a geographically diverse collection which was sourced from different veterinary laboratories across the country. Furthermore, some of the field isolates were recovered from culture collections and represent a genetic gene pool that existed up to 2 decades ago. With the exception of 5 of the field isolates, which were identified as Cff, all the isolates were identified as Cfv-i using phenotyping methods. The PCR results, however, indicated that all field isolates were Cff. The lack of correspondence obtained was somewhat startling. Previous reports have only intimated minor incongruencies when comparing these 2 approaches to identifying subspecies5,9 although a recent investigation23 alluded to greater problems when a collection of United Kingdom isolates were tested. These investigators found that only 3 isolates, out of a group of 19, which were initially phenotyped as Cfv, gave the same results for subspecies identification using this specific multiplex PCR assay. After further analysis the researchers proposed that the discrepancies were the result of an unusual Cfv clone circulating within the cattle population in the United Kingdom (UK) and that the multiplex PCR assay was consequently unsuitable for the subspecific identification of UK isolates.
Unfortunately the initial evaluation of the multiplex PCR did not take Cfv-i strains into consideration5. In fact, many of the phenotyping and genotyping investigations which have been carried out in this field have seemingly ignored the existence of this particular group of bacteria. This is to some extent understandable since the initial description of this group of isolates was very vague and reference isolates were not readily available18.Recently, however, with the availability of high resolution genotyping tools such as AFLP and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), isolates that have been phenotyped as Cfv biovar intermedius, have been more specifically characterised. These techniques have supported phenotyping results and have in fact provided evidence for the reclassification of Cfv-i as a separate subspecies19.
The apparent absence of classical Cfv field strains and the widespread distribution of Cfv-i in South Africa render the multiplex PCR unsuitable for local use. In order to resolve the subspecies identification dilemma, efforts need to be redirected towards the sequence analysis of the Cfv-i genome. The identification of unique gene sequences, or lack of specific sequences, may allow for the development of a primer set which can be used to differentiate these strains from classical Cfv and Cff isolates. Until such time, the reliance on bacteriological culture for isolation, identification and subspecies differentiation of C. fetus will persist.
Despite the practical drawbacks typically associated with bacteriological culture the relatively high success rate achieved during this study has been particularly encouraging. In order to ensure optimal recovery it is advocated that preputial scrapes are collected and submitted for laboratory examination in an appropriate transport medium such as Weybridge. Samples should be kept cool and reach the laboratory within 36 hours of collection. Culturing onto at least 2 different culture media (one selective and 1 enriched) is advised. As far as identification to subspecies of isolates is concerned, diagnosticians are advised to ensure that the pivotal glycine tolerance test is carried out in triplicate for all isolates being tested in order to ensure the accuracy of the test results.
We wish to sincerely express our gratitude to all the colleagues who submitted samples and made this study possible.
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21. Wagenaar J A, van Bergen M A P, Newell D G, Grogono-Thomas R, Duim B 2001 Comparative study using amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting, PCR genotyping, and phenotyping to differentiate Campylobacter fetus strains isolated from animals. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 39: 2283-2286 [ Links ]
22. Willoughby K 2003 The ABC of PCR. In Practice 25: 140-145 [ Links ]
23. Willoughby K, Nettleton P F, Quire M, Maley M A, Foster G, Toszeghy M, Newell D G 2005 A multiplex polymerase chain reaction to detect and differentiate Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus and Campylobacter fetus - species venerealis: use on UK isolates of C. fetus and other Campylobacter spp. Journal of Applied Microbiology 99: 758-766 [ Links ]
24. Wilson I G 1997 Inhibition and facilitation of nucleic acid amplification. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 63: 3741-3751 [ Links ]
Received: February 2010.
Accepted: April 2010.
* Author for correspondence. E-mail: email@example.com


text:
With bloodshot eyes and mangy fur, this squirrel is closer to something out of my nightmares than a Disney movie.
Part of a tough campaign against alcoholism, the inebriated squirrel in the clip above is meant to warn Russians about the dangers of drinking, the Huffington Post reports.
In the ad the "demon squirrel" suffers from the shakes and offers to kill his neighbor's wife because she is "the devil," according to the Telegraph.
The viral video, with over a million views, comes as a response to President Dmitry Medvedev's description of alcoholism within Russia as "a national disaster."
The Telegraph also reports that the selection of a squirrel to head the new campaign is no coincidence. A belochka (little squirrel) is slang in Russian for the level of inebriation that comes with the shakes and hallucination.
The squirrel, after a rambling, confused monologue, asks its audience: "Are you a boozer?"
"Then I am coming around to your place."
No word yet on if the creepy squirrel has managed to scare the love of vodka out of any Russians.


text:
iFusion necesitaba un nuevo diseño de otro y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 14 diseños de 6 diseñadores freelance.
We teach the how to's of training dogs to owners through this easy-to-understand and logical program that he has been teaching for over a decade. We've helped thousands of dog owners develop bragging rights hunting dogs, and this library of instructional videos will provide the tools hunters need to bring their dogs to a world class level.
Hunters and dog owners. The DVDs will be sold in stores and online.
Update the design of a 2 disc set of videos (Lab DVD & Pointer DVD covers and disc imprints).
We're looking for a fresh look to the original covers (PDF link below). The two covers should share a common look, differentiated by color and cover photo. The look should convey an outdoor feel, using natural colors.
• use photos provided, but feel free to try graphic elements
• we don't have a specific logo for the title, so feel free to explore type-style
• design should be clean, but have a punch to the title - we have some stiff competition out there: http://www.hideawaykennels.com/i/dvd_cover.jpg
Our Old Design:
(you can see it won't be too hard to improve on these)
The assets link includes:
• DVD cover and disc imprint templates (eps)
• copy and basic layout info (doc)
• photos (jpeg)
Assets for new cover:
Login: mypawlak
Pass: pointer
- scroll to the bottom of page and click "Download File"
Final art should be delivered in Illustrator (CS) or Quark (6.5) as layered files and include:
• fonts
• supporting images


text:
The decision by Connecticut Gov. Dannel P. Malloy to order trucks off of the state's major highways yesterday afternoon turned a truck stop here into their refuge.
But the Pilot truck stop had more customers than it could handle, because its power was knocked out earlier in the day.
The lot at Pilot truck stop in Sturbridge, a short distance from the Connecticut state line, can hold 250 trucks, and yesterday it was bursting at the seams.
"I can leave any time that I want, but not yet," David Casiano, an employee at the truck stop said, watching from the darkened store.
There was no fuel, no restrooms and no place to get a hot meal, but the truckers said they're usually ready for such predicaments, carrying food and supplies in their sleeper rigs.
The local drivers go without the sleeper accommodations and were waiting it out in their cabs, knowing it could be a long night.
James Gambles pulled in for fuel and found himself out of luck.
"I have fuel, but I wanted a little more," he said as his rig rested near the shrink-wrapped pumps.
Mr. Gamble thought he was going to Tennessee and blurted out an expletive when he heard that Interstate 84 was closed.
"I guess I gotta stay here," he said, grinning.
Truckers said they were told they had to get off Connecticut's highways because of the wind and rain that was pounding the area by late afternoon.
The directive sent them scrambling for hard-to-find spots close to the highway. Some said the weigh station in Connecticut just before the state line was packed with trucks that had been ordered off the highway by state police. The road was mostly empty in the Sturbridge area, and even cars were being denied access.
A few truckers gathered outside the shuttered Pilot truck stop convenience store and laughed as the wind pushed them around and rained battered them.
"I'm 300 pounds and that's moving me," said a trucker named Dale, who declined to give his last name.
"I was sliding all over the road, so I ain't driving in this anymore," said Dale, who drives for Schneider National Trucking. "There ain't nothing I'm going to do out here to hurt nobody."
Most of the drivers said they'd probably still be tucked tightly into their spots when the morning comes, but they were hoping the power would be restored so they'd at least have use of the facilities.
"That's the bad thing, the power's out. There's no restrooms, no nothing," Jorge Canaveral of Miami said. "Yeah, you hide behind the trailer if you've got no other choice."


text:
Product Keys Based on the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
Desktop-as-a-Service Designed for Any Cloud ? Nutanix Frame
A popular method of product validation is using keys similar to VJJJBX-H2BBCC-68CF7F-2BXD4R-3XP7FB-JDVQBC. These compact keys can be derived using Symmetric Key Cryptosystems such as the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES).
This article will use AES (specified in FIPS 197) as the Cryptosystem, and Wei Dai's Crypto++ for AES operations. AES will produce compact keys with the additional benefit that the cryptosystem is not burdened with patent compliance. However, should a binary fall to Reverse Engineering, the key will become compromised (note that AES is a Symmetric Cipher - not an Asymmetric Cipher which has Public and Private keys).
The reader is also encouraged to investigate Signature Schemes (with Recovery) as an alternative method to producing Product Keys. An example is PSS-R, a Message Recovery Signature Scheme based on RSA. PSS-R is proposed in ANSI X9.31 (reopened by the ANSI X9F working group) and IEEE 1363. The reader should also visit Product Keys Based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography to familiarize themselves with basic concepts of Product Keys in the domain of Public Key Cryptography.
This article will discuss the following topics:
- Advanced Encryption Standard
- Compiling and Integrating Crypto++ into the Visual C++ Environment
- AES Implementation in Crypto++
- Base Encoding a Cipher Text String in Crypto++
- Bulk Product Key Generation
- Product Key Validation
This article is based on the Visual C++ 6.0 Environment in hopes that it reaches the largest audience.
Advanced Encryption Standard
Currently, there are three FIPS-approved symmetric encryption algorithms: AES, Triple DES, and Skipjack. The article presented uses AES or the Advanced Encryption Standard in CBC Mode. Note that DES (FIPS 46-3) was withdrawn in May 2005, and is no longer approved for Federal use.
AES (or Rijndeal - pronounced "Rhine dahl") is the work of Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen - hence the portmanteau Rijndael. AES is a 128 bit block cipher that accepts key lengths of 128, 192, and 256 bits. The required number of rounds (i.e., linear and non-linear transformations), depend on the key size. Below are the FIPS 197 conformant Key-Block-Round combinations.
Taking from FIPS 197:
For both its Cipher and Inverse Cipher, the AES algorithm uses a round function that is composed of four different byte-oriented transformations: 1) byte substitution using a substitution table (S-box), 2) shifting rows of the State array by different offsets, 3) mixing the data within each column of the State array, and 4) adding a Round Key to the State. These transformations (and their inverses) are described in Sections 5.1.1-5.1.4 and 5.3.1-5.3.4.
Compiling and Integrating Crypto++ into the Microsoft Visual C++ Environment
Please see the related article, Compiling and Integrating Crypto++ into the Microsoft Visual C++ Environment. This article is based upon basic assumptions presented in the previously mentioned article. It also addresses most problems encountered with projects from Command Line to MFC (Errors C1083, C1189, LNK1104, LNK2001, and LNK2005). Additionally, it provides some tips and other nicities for using the Crypto++ Library.
For those who are interested in other C++ Number Theoretic libraries, please see Peter Gutmann's Cryptlib or Victor Shoup's NTL.


text:
This property Closed on 07/11/17
Close Price: $695,000
Original Listing Price: $699,000
List Date: 05/01/17
Sweeping LONG RANGE VIEWS!! Must see this dazzling home on 2+ acres in desirable Butler Mountain Estates! Tons of natural light! Brand new Hardwood floors on main/upper. Ideal 4BR family home on 3 levels w/addl bonus room with large closet/windows, large decks on main/lower, new kitchen, fireplace, NEW HVAC, Mountain-top 5-ac community bald! Beautiful landscaping! Close to schools!
Listed by Misty Masiello at Downtown Asheville
Directions: Hwy 74A into Fairview, past Ingles 1 mile to Right on Cedar Mountain Road, go to top of mountain Turn right on Lambeth Walk to enter Butler Mountain-gate, Continue straight to first sharp Right on Pinkerton Corner, when road forks stay to right onto Ebby Ridge. House is 2nd driveway on left.
Disclaimer: The map service includes search results such as listings and related information provided by third parties. Beverly-Hanks makes no representations or warranties regarding the accuracy or completeness of the information provided by these third parties.
Located halfway between Asheville and Chimney Rock on US 74A, an estimated 3,000 people live in the census-designated community of Fairview, NC. Settled in the late 18th century, Fairview was called Cane Creek until the early 1800s. Cane Creek Baptist Church was established in 1806 and is one of the oldest churches in Buncombe County.
Quick Link: Fairview Homes and Land for Sale
With space to roam and proximity to the region's hottest a...Read More
Located halfway between Asheville and Chimney Rock on US 74A, an estimated 3,000 people live in the census-designated community of Fairview, NC. Settled in the late 18th century, Fairview was called Cane Creek until the early 1800s. Cane Creek Baptist Church was established in 1806 and is one of the oldest churches in Buncombe County.
Quick Link: Fairview Homes and Land for Sale
With space to roam and proximity to the region's hottest attractions, Fairview is the site of plenty of new development. The area offers large lots and community amenities like Cane Creek Pool, which includes a swimming pool, soccer fields, picnic sheds, and concessions. It's the perfect combination of rural and urban adjacent.
Quick Link: Find a Fairview Real Estate Professional
Beverly-Hanks has an office conveniently located nearby in South Asheville. If you're searching for homes and land in Fairview, our expert real estate agents are available to help. Your Beverly-Hanks & Associates REALTOR® is backed by an outstanding support staff and committed to the highest standards of customer service.
Find the homes in Fairview that allow you to Live the Life You Choose. Click below to search Fairview real estate for your ideal listings.
Quick Link: Fairview Market Information
For home mortgage services through Beverly-Hanks & Associates, visit our Mortgage Services office in downtown Asheville, NC.
Fairview offers many amenities within town or within minutes, including public, private, and charter schools; an extensive county library system; access to state-of-the-art medical facilities, including Mission Hospital, the largest in the region; and innumerable shopping, entertainment, and dining options. Fairview is also conveniently located in proximity to Pisgah National Forest, Chimney Rock State Park, and the Blue Ridge Parkway, a sightseer's and cyclist's haven.
Fletcher: 15 minutes
Arden: 17 minutes
Downtown Asheville: 19 minutes
Asheville Regional Airport: 21 minutes
Black Mountain: 22 minutes
Downtown Hendersonville: 32 minutes
Lake Lure: 32 minutes
Asheville is the largest city in Western North Carolina, but surrounding towns and neighborhoods in Buncombe County like Leicester offer small-town flair and varied amenities. The four-season temperate climate with average snowfall of only 13 inches makes year-round living easy. Average elevation is 2,165 feet above sea level with surrounding mountain elevations of up to 6,685 feet at Mount Mitchell, the highest peak east of the Mississippi River. Because of this broad range of elevations and corresponding climates and plant growth, the area is one of the most biodiverse in the United States and the world.
Fairview residents pay property taxes based on their location, as totaled below. Tax rates are per $100 of assessed valuation.
Fairview: $ 0.6440
Fairview is a growing mountain community. Read about recent news, events, and real estate market updates for the area on the Beverly-Hanks blog.
Beverly-HanksDowntown Asheville
Email: [email protected]
Office: (828) 254-7221
Direct: (828) 777-0902


text:
Maritza, from the window of her one floor house, is watching me as I come towards her home. It is made from planks of wood, painted in blue heaven, and between plank and plank the sunlight streams inside.
To get to Maritza's house, I jumped from stone to stone to keep out of the mud and also crossed on planks above the stagnant water.
My guide is telling me that we are in the dry season. In the rainy season the rivers overflow the streets and the water rises up to the people's waists, so they use boats to get around.
In those times the children get skin infections and fevers from the mosquito bites.
Maritza lives with Franklin and their six children; they lost three children because she was sick in those times.
Today the boys are only in shorts and without shoes. I can see two single beds where they sleep together. Right now, they are enjoying the hammock hanging in the center of the main room.
At first, Maritza, 34 years old, is a little bit nervous to talk with me but she understands that their situation is like many families in Uraba. She tries to brush her hair, then calls her youngest daughter Lorna, and she sits her in her legs to finish Lorna's braids.
When I ask why the children are not at the school, in a low voice and water in her eyes, she answers me that they did not have money to pay tuition, buy books and clothes and from now their priority is to feed the children.
"The two oldest, (Esleider 12 and Lorci 13) are the only ones who can go to the school thanks to the Compassion program".
After she takes a breath with courage she starts to talk about her family stories as only mothers do.
Maritza had 15 brothers when she lived in Mulato a town of 500 hundred people up north of Uraba.
They lived from the farming of rice, yucca and fishing. Until one day a brother of 19 years old, went to buy wine to the store and someone killed him with out any reason.
In fact all her brothers escaped to different cities. Maritza says: "Whole families were killed in those days. Thanks to God´s mercy my brothers are alive."
She went alone to Nueva Colonia town when she was 15 years old. A lady took care of her and three days later she met her husband Franklin, four years old than her. From there they are living together in the good and bad times.
"He saw me and he brings me to live with his parents. The lady's mother treated me as one of her daughters and years later we left them and started to pay rent," explains Maritza.
Six years ago Franklin bought this house from a landowner. The invaders of this land sell land to the humble people although they didn't pay anything for the land.
Maritza and Franklin are still paying bills for this house. Franklin is 39 years old and right now is tired after 10 hours of hard work in a banana farm, and from his hammock is telling me about his job. He says:
"Colombian bananas are the sweetest in the world. The banana plant lives only for six months, and in that time it gives only one bunch. After the bunch is ripe, the plant is cut to give space to the next plant to grow, which is the daughter plant and when the daughter plant gives a bunch it will be cut to bring the granddaughter plant, to begin the cycle again."
The land is so fertile and from a plane you can see a sea of banana plants only separated by roads. This land is the perfect place for all the monkeys and parrots of this world.
But to the workers of the banana farms like Franklin, the work is harder every day and with less pay. A year and a half ago most of the workers worked only for 2 or 3 days a week.
Few workers have full time jobs, as Franklin does, and he earns 40 dollars a month. From there he is paying part of his house and water and electricity bills.
Of the total population of 563,000 in Uraba around 70 percent are low class workers and 20 percent are in a total poverty. Most of them are African descendants with a mixture of natives. They are suffering without fair job opportunities, education and health benefits.
As she is setting the fire behind her house to make the dinner of the day, Maritza says,
"We are living difficult moments overall, when we do not have money to feed our children. Two months ago we did not have anything to feed them. I was praying to God that the children can eat something. I was desperate but then some brothers and sisters of the church came with a basket of oil, rice and sugar. Thanks to God we have food for the next 20 days."
Maritza is telling me that she is Christian for 16 years and God delivered her from death when she arrived to this town. In the past she couldn´t have children and she recognized that God made miracles.
And also God was changing the heart of Franklin because he did not believe in God and he was smoker and jealous and now he is a good husband.
At this time they are going to the parents classes at the child development center, and they are learning to treat their children with love and also how to have self esteem.
Now they have hope in their children and are seeing them to grow in Christ's path (Mateo 5, Lorna 7, Aron 9, Moises 11, Esleider 12 and Lorci 13 ). The two oldest ones are studying at the child development center.
The dream of Maritza and Franklin is that Lorna and Esleider become Leadership Development Program students because Lorna wants to be a professional company administrator and he wants to be a musician. Esleider is playing instruments at the church.
Their home has also been made more secure, thanks to Compassion's support. A few months ago Maritza and Franklin got new tiles for their roof so they are safe from the strong rainstorms.
As a family reflection they are so thankful that the sponsors, people from far away, are supporting them economically and spiritually.
Maritza always forgot the birthday of her children and only when the tutor came and arrived with the birthday present from the sponsor did she remember. She is thankful for that.
Always, when they receive help from the Compassion student center it is the right time. When the shoes are completely destroyed it is the time when they received help to buy new shoes.
When the two children began to receive support from the child development center, Esleider was violent. He was fighting with his classmates most of the time.
He thought that no one loved him. He felt rejected; until Elvira, a lady from the committee of the Compassion center was counseling and praying for him and now he has a positive attitude. He received affection from her and now he does not fight any more. Meanwhile, at the center the staff are praying for the problems of each child every day.
Lorci, when she had six years, got a skin infection from the stagnant water and she has skin marks since then. Her classmates give her nicknames and she felt embarrassed.
Compassion doctors helped her to recover from this disease. Elvira talked to her until she had better self esteem. Today she sings special songs at the church and she is going to the doctor for checkups.
When I asked Maritza why she had six children in this situation of poverty she answered me that she didn't consider the consequences to feed six children.
In Uraba I was walking in the street and the ladies were looking at the horizon with out any energy. At the end of the afternoon, Maritza from her window is looking beyond the horizon and I am sure that she is praying to God for her children.


text:
Contact Dr. Sue B. Watson:
Adjunct Professor (University of Waterloo, York and McMaster)
Vice Chair, International Water Association (IWA) Off-Flavours Speciality Group
Board of Directors, IWA speciality group on Diffuse Pollution
Committee member, American Water Works Association: Taste-Odour Speciality Group
Advisory board member, Canadian Culture Collection (UTCC)
Associate Editor, Water Science and Technology
B.Sc. & M.Sc. McGill University
Ph.D. University of Calgary
NSERC Post Doctoral Fellow, University of Calgary
NSERC Discovery and Strategic Grants 2003 - present
Dr. Sue B. Watson
Research Scientist - Algal outbreaks and source-water impairment: ecological and socioeconomic effects
CURRENT S&T / RESEARCH - Source water integrity and algal and cyanobacterial species outbreaks, blooms, toxins and taste-odour: the dynamic coupling of physics, chemistry and biology
- Algal and cyanobacterial ecophysiology and chemical ecology
- Harmful and noxious blooms: causes and impairments - taste-odour, toxins, fouling, food web effects
- Drinking water and source water integrity, source-tracking wastewater and other external and internal sources of nutrients and pathogens using isotopic, genetic and chemical markers and probes
- Human impacts on surface waters in high latitudes & elevations
- Agricultural, mining & pulp-mill industries and effects on source & drinking water
- Drinking water treatment
Source-water impairment and stewardship in a diversity of waterbodies in Canada, USA, Europe, Asia and Australia with focus on the Great Lakes, Lake Winnipeg, Lake of the Woods, alpine, prairie and Northern lakes, working in national and international collaborations with Universities, Federal, Provincial, Municipal government agencies, public and other stakeholder groups
Watson, S.B., G. Caldwell and G. Pohnert. 2009. Fatty Acids And Oxylipins As Semiochemicals. Chapter 4 in Arts, M.T., M.T. Brett and M.J. Kainz (eds.). Lipids in Aquatic Ecosystems. Springer, New York, USA. 377 pgs.
Watson, S.B. ALGAL TASTE-ODOUR Chapter 15 in: Algae: Source to Treatment, M57 (American Waterworks Association Manual).
Molot, L., G. Li, D. Findlay and S.B. Watson. 2009. Iron-mediated suppression of bloom-forming cyanobacteria in a eutrophic lake by oxine. Freshwater Biology 55 (5): 1102 - 1117.
Watson, S.B., J. Ridal and G.L. Boyer. 2008. Taste and odour and cyanobacterial toxins: impairment, prediction, and management in the Great Lakes. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 65(8): 1779-1796.
Juttner, F. and S.B. Watson. 2007. Biochemical and Ecological Control of Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol in Source Waters Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73(14):4395-4406.
Watson, S.B, M. Charlton, R. Yerubandi, T. Howell, J. Ridal, B. Brownlee, C. Marvin and S. Millard. 2007. Off flavour in large waterbodies: physics, chemistry and biology in synchrony Wat. Sci. Technol 55: 1–8.
Watson S.B., F. Juttner and O. Koester. 2007. Daphnia behavioural responses to taste and odour compounds: ecological significance and application as an inline treatment plant monitoring tool Wat. Sci. Technol. 55: 23-31.
Zaitlin, B. and S. Watson. 2006. Actinomycetes and taste and odour in drinking water: myths, tenets and truths. Wat. Res 40: 1741-1753.
Watson, S.B. and J. Ridal. 2004. Periphyton: a primary source of widespread and severe taste and odour. Wat. Sci. Technol. 49 (9): 33-39.
Watson, S.B. 2003. Chemical communication or chemical waste? A review of the chemical ecology of algal odour. Phycologia 42: 333-350.
Watson S.B. and T. Satchwill. 2003. Chrysophyte odour production: the impact of resources at the cell and population levels. Phycologia 42: 393-405.
Watson S.B. and E. Cruz-Rivera. 2003. Algal chemical ecology. Phycologia 42: 319-323.
Watson S.B. and J.L. Lawrence. 2003. Drinking water quality and sustainability. Wat. Qual. Res. J. Can 38 (1): 3-13.
Expertise Categories associated with this S&T Expert:Ecology
Algal blooms
Algal ecology
Blue-green algae
Lipids and fatty acids
Aquatic Ecosystems
Nature & Wildlife
Ecosystems & Habitats
Ecosystem health
Great Lakes-St. Lawrence
Lake Winnipeg
Aquatic organisms
Inland waters
Great Lakes
Taste and odour
Aquatic organisms
Taste and odour
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