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ST. LOUIS (AP) A panel of arbitrators has ruled in favor of a $700 million plan by the Rams to renovate the Edward Jones Dome.
The team has announced Friday that the arbiters chose the Rams' proposal for upgrades to the team's home over another plan - which would cost less - by the city's stadium authority. The St. Louis Convention and Visitors Commission proposed $124 million in renovations.
Rams chief operating officer Kevin Demoff said in a statement that the decision ``acknowledges that significant improvements are required to put the Edward Jones Dome on equal standing with most National Football League stadiums.''
The CVC has 30 days to accept or reject, or the sides will go to a year-to-year agreement and the Rams could leave St. Louis after the 2014-15 season.


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Not all cross trainers are created equal. Cross training refers to working various parts of the body by combining different exercises in a variety of ways. Typically one activity or sport trains certain parts of the body but not others. Cross training aims to eliminate this. Cross trainers are generally non-impact machines – sometimes called "ellipticals" – which refers to a specific motion. All ellipticals are cross trainers but not all cross trainers are ellipticals.
More results in less time. Research shows that the CYBEX Arc Trainer burns more calories than any other cross trainer or elliptical cross trainer tested. The science behind the Arc Trainer's big calorie burn is the Arc motion. It engages the right muscles – quads and glutes – that demand lots of energy from the body when they are called upon to work. That means big calorie burn. And ... because the Arc is demanding of the muscles – not the joints, it can be used longer without putting a strain on the knees, hip or back.
Train for strength, power, endurance, cardio, and weight loss. The CYBEX Arc Trainer offers broad incline and resistance ranges which mean it is really 3 machines in one. At the lower incline levels, the "glide" is a cross country skier. In the mid-range levels, the motion is a "stride" (like an elliptical except with proper positioning). At the high levels, the "climb" of a stepper or climber. Glide, Stride, and Climb. And ... lots of programs also make the Arc Trainer fun to use.
No more "elliptical knees". Unlike other cross trainers on the market the patented Arc pattern of motion allows the hip and knee to move synchronously while the foot stays under the knee reducing joint pains and providing a more comfortable workout.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Since 1993, the food poisoning lawyers of Marler Clark have represented thousands of clients in litigation against restaurants and companies whose food was identified as the source of illness. Our food poisoning lawyers have represented victims of nearly every major E. coli, Salmonella, Listeria, or other foodborne illness outbreak across the country.
Current Work
The firm is currently investigating cases related to the following outbreaks:


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Like any successful diving trip, the moment you get home it suddenly feels a long time ago. But the memories from Suunto's exploratory trip to Ayada Maldives look set to remain for a while yet for the lucky winners who joined us on our photoshoot earlier this month.
The trip explored diving sites that have yet to be dived in the beautifully warm and clear waters of the Indian Ocean island chain. Five Suunto fans were able to join after winning our #Paradise contest. They were not disappointed...
Says Jen Weston: "The trip really was a dream come true – exquisite, easy-going diving with professionals in a gorgeous underwater environment.
"The diving locations had great visibility, lots of beautiful coral, countless tropical fish all contributing to an environment bursting with color. The dive sites near Ayada were clean and well cared for. And the night dive was truly amazing. We saw a nurse shark, a sleeping pufferfish, crabs, and lobster."
Jen Weston taking a shot © Phil Davison
"It was described as a trip to paradise," adds fellow contest winner Mark Harris, "and I really don't think I can describe it any better than that. "The diving was beautiful – there were large expanses of pristine hard coral reefs at most of the dive sites and most of the reefs we visited had very mild currents. Sightings of Eagle Rays were a daily occurrence with regular sightings of reef sharks, large rays and turtles."
Also on the trip were the Scuba Diver Girls. "There is something for everyone in the Maldives, from big animals to small macro life. You constantly find yourself not knowing what to look at first," says Margo Sanchez.
"Every divesite was teaming with fish, eels, and wonderful anenomies!...and then a spotted eagle ray or black tip reef shark swims by..."
Flying in the ocean: ©Dapeng Juan
She adds: "It was so amazing to wake up early, throw on a bikini, enter the water right from the deck of our bungalow, and snorkel the spectacular house reef."
There was one particularly memorable diving moment, she says:
"Stephanie and I were on a dive over a pretty reef that dropped off in a sheer wall of coral to the deep. There was the perfect amount of current to where you floated along just fast enough to be able to stop and take pictures if you wished. We found the cutest turtle that really seemed to like us and swam with us for quite sometime.
The team on the beach of Ayada Maldives resort. ©Brad Holland
"Then we came upon a very large nurse shark under a ledge of coral that was obviously very pregnant. She turned her head and regarded us as if to say hello but was very comfortable in her bed. Although that dive was quite amazing, the most stand-out moment for us was the baby blacktip sharks that were 30 feet from our bungalow. We snorkeled with them daily and I could always hear Stephanie squeeling through her snorkel...CUUUUUUTE!!! I, of course, was making the same noises. Some days the larger sharks would come in to check us out as well and all of this was in 3 feet of water!!!"
Everyone got the chance to dive with Suunto's new dive computer, Suunto EON Steel and photographers George Karbus and Predrag Vuckovic were on hand to capture some great images for our forthcoming campaigns and we look forward to sharing those images in the coming weeks. Thanks to everyone for making it such a memorable trip.
Main image ©Steve Woods


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Nice surprise to see that the pillows are not molded to the base.
One thing I never knew...his tail has a huge cut on it
I may have misssd it in the discussion but is Oolaa a new sculpt or a re-pack? I'm def glad they are making Jabba but wouldn't it have made more sense to do him in 3 years for the 30th ann of RotJ? Nevertheless, glad they are making him.
I'd love to know the size specs for the throne, vs. the vintage one.
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Pop Dollarz (Cory Gunz's Artist) - Spits Over Bow Wow's "Big Girl's" Beat!
Digiwaxx reports "COREY GUNZ UNDERSTUDY POP DOLLARZ KILLS IT OVER BOW WOW BIG GIRLS BEAT.."
Please click the "Report" button below if the video on this page is not working properly.
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modem [modulator/demodulator], an external device or internal electronic circuitry used to transmit and receive digital data over a communications line normally used for analog signals. A modem attached to a computer converts digital data to an analog signal that it uses to modulate a carrier frequency. This frequency is transmitted over a line, frequently as an audio signal over a telecommunications line, to another modem that converts it back into a copy of the original data.
Synchronous data transmission uses timing signals in the data stream along with transmitted bits of uniform duration and interval. This permits the receiving modem to ignore spurious signals that do not conform to the anticipated signal. Asynchronous data transmission relies instead on various error-correcting protocols. Although most modems are either of the synchronous or asynchronous variety, some employ both methods of communication. Wireless modems send or receive data as a radio signal. A fax modem enables a computer to send and receive transmissions to and from a fax machine (see facsimile) or another fax modem.
Modems were first used with teletype machines to send telegrams and cablegrams. Digital modems were developed from the need to transmit large amounts of data for North American air defense during the 1950s. The first commercial modem was introduced in 1962. Dennis C. Hayes invented the personal computer modem in 1977, marking the emergence of the online and Internet era. In the beginning modems were used primarily to communicate between data terminals and a host computer. Later the use of modems was extended to communicate between hosts in networks. This required modems that could transmit data faster, leading to the introduction of compression techniques to increase data rates and error detection and correction techniques to improve reliability. However, still faster transmission speeds were required.
A traditional modem, operating over traditional—mostly analog—phone lines, has a data transmission speed limit of about 56 kilobits per second. A specification for an Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), which allows wide-bandwith digital transmissions using the public switched telephone network, was introduced in 1984. A phone call can transfer 64 kilobits of digital data per second with ISDN and 128 kilobits with dual-channel ISDN. ISDN connections are used to provide a wide variety of digital services including digital voice telephone, fax, e-mail, digital video, and access to the Internet.
Faster still are the Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) protocol, introduced in the early 1990s, and the cable modem, introduced in the late 1990s. Each of these has a maximum data transfer rate of 1.5 megabits per second. DSL provides a broadband digital communications connection that operates over standard copper telephone wires. The connection requires a DSL modem, which splits transmissions into a lower band for ordinary telephone calls and an upper band for digital data. The drawback of DSL is that connected computers must be within a few miles of the closest transmitting station. A cable modem modulates and demodulates signals like a telephone modem but it transfers data much more quickly over cable lines—primarily fiber-optic or coaxial cable. Broadband over Power Lines (BPL) modems work similarly but utilize electrical lines to transfer data; BPL modems are plugged into electrical outlets. BPL modems may be used to access an Internet service provider over the local power lines, or they may use the wiring within a building to create a network for the computers there.
See also baud; code; modulation.


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These are the posts nobody wants to make.
Earlier today Tom McNaughton's son Jim contacted me and informed me that Tom had passed away. Many of you know that Tom has been a long-term moderator of the discussion forums and for some time a Coordinator with Ohioans For Concealed Carry. He has been a member of the forums since July of 2005 (just a year after we started running the forums).
He had posted here as recently as last Tuesday. (You can search his posts here: search.php?author_id=129&sr=posts)
Everyone we've given the keys to moderate tends to operate to a certain extent within their own personal beliefs of what is "proper" discourse. In my mind Tom was the moderator who went out of his way to correct cursing and abusive language to a point that I would frequently chuckle at things I would have let go, but there they were modified with Tom's signature as the moderator who did it. I asked Jim if the family objected to me sharing arrangement information publicly and he said absolutely not. Tom's involvement with OFCC and an appreciation of firearms was something he was proud of and clearly something that he passed on to his children.
In the process of making arrangements in a moment of confusion (caused by the funeral home I believe) the family was under the impression the funeral home was posted and nearly started over. That misunderstanding was quickly resolved and a disaster averted. Who here can say their kids won't patronize a posted funeral home because they know so many of those coming may very well be armed?
Here he is at the OFCC Picnic when then Governor Strickland was our keynote speaker:
His obituary can be found here: http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/toledo ... fhid=11086
H.H. Birkenkamp Funeral Home
3219 Tremainsville Road,
Toledo, OH 43613
Friday Visitation 4-8, Service 8-9
In lieu of flowers, the family asks all donations go to Tom's niece, Katy Hayes


text: Cassini has completed another close reconnaissance pass of one of Saturn's most intriguing moons; Enceladus. On November 2nd at 7:40 AM UTC, Cassini passed 62 miles above the icy surface of the south polar region, completing a carefully timed plunge through one of its liquid plumes. This was one of its most comprehensive passes of the moon out of the seven completed so far, enabling the spacecraft to utilize its array of infrared and ultraviolet detectors to analyze speed and particle size. Cassini itself is whizzing along at 5 miles per second. Sodium, water, and carbon dioxide have been detected in the out-gassing, tantalizing evidence that more complex organic chemistry may exist below the surface. Enceladus is heated from tidal flexing caused by Saturn's gravity squeezing it like a rubber ball. Along with Jupiter's moon, Europa, Enceladus has been proposed as deserving of future scrutiny as a possible abode of life. Enceladus is a tiny world, about 310 miles in diameter, or about 15% the diameter of our Moon. Two subsurface oceans in one solar system also poses the intriguing question; are environments like Enceladus and Europa more common throughout the universe than Earth? Cassini has phoned home after the recent pass and is reported in good health. Scientists are currently poring over the results; watch for another pass of Enceladus on April 28th of next year. What ever the outcome, Enceladus is proving to be a dynamic place, worthy of future study!


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Assessment |
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Cognitive |
Developmental |
Language |
Individual differences |
Personality |
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Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
Statistics: Scientific method · Research methods · Experimental design · Undergraduate statistics courses · Statistical tests · Game theory · Decision theory
In probability theory and statistics, a median is described as the number separating the higher half of a sample, a population, or a probability distribution, from the lower half. The median of a finite list of numbers can be found by arranging all the observations from lowest value to highest value and picking the middle one. If there is an even number of observations, the median is not unique, so one often takes the mean of the two middle values. At most half the population have values less than the median and at most half have values greater than the median. If both groups contain less than half the population, then some of the population is exactly equal to the median. For example, if a < b < c, then the median of the list {a, b, c} is b, and if a < b < c < d, then the median of the list {a, b, c, d} is the mean of b and c, i.e. it is (b + c)/2.
The median can be used when a distribution is skewed or when end values are not known. A disadvantage is the difficulty of handling it theoretically.[How to reference and link to summary or text]
The median of some variable $ x\,\! $ is denoted either as $ \tilde{x}\,\! $ or as $ \mu_{1/2}(x).\,\! $[1]
Measures of statistical dispersionEdit
When the median is used as a location parameter in descriptive statistics, there are several choices for a measure of variability: the range, the interquartile range, the mean absolute deviation, and the median absolute deviation. Since the median is the same as the second quartile, its calculation is illustrated in the article on quartiles.
Working with computers, a population of integers should have an integer median. Thus, for an integer population with an even number of elements, there are two medians known as lower median and upper median[How to reference and link to summary or text]. For floating point population, the median lies somewhere between the two middle elements, depending on the distribution[How to reference and link to summary or text]. Median is the middle value after arranging data by any order[How to reference and link to summary or text].
Medians of probability distributionsEdit
For any probability distribution on the real line with cumulative distribution function F, regardless of whether it is any kind of continuous probability distribution, in particular an absolutely continuous distribution (and therefore has a probability density function), or a discrete probability distribution, a median m satisfies the inequalities
- $ \operatorname{P}(X\leq m) \geq \frac{1}{2}\text{ and }\operatorname{P}(X\geq m) \geq \frac{1}{2}\,\! $
- $ \int_{-\infty}^m \mathrm{d}F(x) \geq \frac{1}{2}\text{ and }\int_m^{\infty} \mathrm{d}F(x) \geq \frac{1}{2}\,\! $
in which a Riemann-Stieltjes integral is used. For an absolutely continuous probability distribution with probability density function ƒ, we have
- $ \operatorname{P}(X\leq m) = \operatorname{P}(X\geq m)=\int_{-\infty}^m f(x)\, \mathrm{d}x=0.5.\,\! $
Medians of particular distributions: The medians of certain types of distributions can be easily calculated from their parameters: The median of a normal distribution with mean μ and variance σ2 is μ. In fact, for a normal distribution, mean = median = mode. The median of a uniform distribution in the interval [a, b] is (a + b) / 2, which is also the mean. The median of a Cauchy distribution with location parameter x0 and scale parameter y is x0, the location parameter. The median of an exponential distribution with rate parameter λ is the natural logarithm of 2 divided by the rate parameter: ln 2/λ. The median of a Weibull distribution with shape parameter k and scale parameter λ is λ(ln 2)1/k.
Medians in descriptive statisticsEdit
The median is primarily used for skewed distributions, which it represents differently than the arithmetic mean. Consider the multiset { 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 9 }. The median is 2 in this case, as is the mode, and it might be seen as a better indication of central tendency than the arithmetic mean of 3.166.
Calculation of medians is a popular technique in summary statistics and summarizing statistical data, since it is simple to understand and easy to calculate, while also giving a measure that is more robust in the presence of outlier values than is the mean.
Theoretical propertiesEdit
An optimality propertyEdit
The median is also the central point which minimizes the average of the absolute deviations; in the example above this would be (1 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1 + 7) / 6 = 1.5 using the median, while it would be 1.944 using the mean. In the language of probability theory, the value of c that minimizes
- $ E(\left|X-c\right|)\, $
is the median of the probability distribution of the random variable X. Note, however, that c is not always unique, and therefore not well defined in general.
An inequality relating means and mediansEdit
For continuous probability distributions, the difference between the median and the mean is less than or equal to one standard deviation. See an inequality on location and scale parameters.
The sample medianEdit
Efficient computation of the sample medianEdit
Even though sorting n items takes in general O(n log n) operations, by using a "divide and conquer" algorithm the median of n items can be computed with only O(n) operations (in fact, you can always find the k-th element of a list of values with this method; this is called the selection problem).
Easy explanation of the sample medianEdit
As an example, we will calculate the median of the following population of numbers: 1, 5, 2, 8, 7.
Start by sorting the numbers: 1, 2, 5, 7, 8.
In this case, 5 is the median, because when the numbers are sorted, it is the middle number.
For a set of even numbers:
As an example of this scenario, we will calculate the median of the following population of numbers: 1, 5, 2, 10, 8, 7.
Again, start by sorting the numbers: 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 10.
In this case, both 5 and 7 would be the median of the data points.
- Note: In some math books, you may also see that they present taking the average of the two median numbers, and then dividing it by two to get an exact value(5+7= 12/2= 6). Whether the median is two numbers or just one is dependent on what the data values, student, instructor, etc are trying to show.
Other estimates of the medianEdit
If data are represented by a statistical model specifying a particular family of probability distributions, then estimates of the median can be obtained by fitting that family of probability distributions to the data and calculating the theoretical median of the fitted distribution. See, for example Pareto interpolation.
Medians in computer scienceEdit
In computer science, a median calculation is often performed to determine the middle index of a sorted array. The middle index is computed as (A + B)/2, where A is the index of the smallest value, and B is the index of the largest value. Joshua Bloch, a Google software engineer, posited that if (A + B) is larger than the maximum allowed integer size, then a arithmetic overflow would occur. He suggested that an alternative median calculation: A + ((B − A)/2) would avoid this problem. Note that the aforementioned calculations are for binary search and similar algorithms, and do not represent a true mathematical median.[2]
See alsoEdit
- Order statistic
- An inequality on location and scale parameters
- The median is the 2nd quartile, 5th decile, and 50th percentile.
- Median voter theory
- The median in general is a biased estimator.
- Median graph
- The centerpoint is a generalization of the median for data in higher dimensions.
- ↑ http://mathworld.wolfram.com/StatisticalMedian.html
- ↑ http://googleresearch.blogspot.com/2006/06/extra-extra-read-all-about-it-nearly.html
External linksEdit
- A Guide to Understanding & Calculating the Median
- Median as a weighted arithmetic mean of all Sample Observations
- On-line calculator
- Calculating the median
- A problem involving the mean, the median, and the mode.
- mathworld: Statistical Median
- Python script for Median computations and income inequality metrics
This article incorporates material from Median of a distribution on PlanetMath, which is licensed under the GFDL.
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).


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There are benefits you may be missing! BenefitsCheckUp helps you find and enroll in public and private benefits programs. You can also find an online application for Medicare's Extra Help. It's simple and free and always includes the most up-to-date information.
Find and enroll in programs that can help save you money.
Apply now for Medicare's Extra Help and also
find out if you qualify for other valuable benefit programs.
Get applications and fact sheets for programs that help pay for prescription drugs and health care.
Find the program where you live, get an application and apply today by clicking here!


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Ozzy Osbourne, Jada Pinkett Smith, more celebs sound off about rumors
The celebrity gossip machine had burbled for a day or two about Ozzy Osbourne's marriage, and for weeks about Jada Pinkett Smith's. Yet both stars hit a breaking point about the same time -- and took to Facebook.
"Open marriage?" Smith wrote on her Facebook wall late Sunday. Indeed, that had been the buzz about Mr. and Mrs. Will Smith's relationship since she made some ambiguous comments in an interview. All she meant, she wrote, was that she and her husband share a mutual trust: "This does NOT mean we have an open relationship . . . this means we have GROWN one."
Hours after TMZ claimed that Osbourne and wife Sharon had split, the heavy-metal legend made his own disclosure online Monday night: For months, he had abused drugs and "was [a jerk] to the people I love most, my family," he wrote. But "just to set the record straight, Sharon and I are not divorcing."
So that settles that? Perhaps. But if the stars wanted the rumors to vanish, it didn't work: Their denials inspired a new cycle of stories, even in mainstream news outlets (hello!) that ignored the rumors earlier.
Celebrities are increasingly facing rumors about themselves head-on, via social media. It's how Chelsea Handler denied gossip reports that she was dating 50 Cent; ("calm down, [we met] about a potential project"); former child star Raven-Symone finessed speculation about her sexuality ("I'm not one for a public display of my life"); and Billy Joel's singer-daughter Alexa Ray Joel addressed claims that she'd had plastic surgery (only that one nose job, she said). Last month, country stars Blake Shelton and Miranda Lambert conducted a jokey Twitter dialogue about a supermarket-tabloid story that they were headed for divorce ("can't wait to read if we make it or not"), coyly letting fans know they were tweeting from the marital bed.
The tactic flies in the face of the standard publicist advice: Just ignore it.
"Let's say the rumor is false: Are you just giving more attention to it?" asked Tony Fratto, a Washington strategic communications expert. "Are you expected to go out and knock down every false rumor? Which can keep you busy."
Many stories, after all, will go away if celebrities don't dignify them with a response. But for the public figure being gossiped about, it can be hard to turn the other cheek or to gauge how minor the rumors really are. ("When you're in that bubble, you tend to think that everyone's talking about you," Fratto said.) Social media give stars the impulsive outlet for venting that an old-school handler might have blocked. Justin Bieber's online rant against the media last month just raised more questions about his behavior. Lauryn Hill's kooky, conspiracy-laden Twitter explanation of her tax woes got more publicity than the tax woes.
But then there was last week, when a scandal sheet reported that Kate Upton and Diddy were dating. Neither hesitated. "Not at all true," she tweeted. "END of story," he added. And it was.


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See how Toyota vehicles compare against the competition. Start by choosing your Toyota vehicle and a competitor to learn more on how they stack up.
Tundra is built for the work site and the weekend. The available TRD Sport Package shows why Tundra is the king of the streets with its aggressive styling and black-accented 20-in. alloy wheels. Also standard on Tundra, Toyota Safety Sense™ P (TSS-P) 27 is a comprehensive active safety package designed to support your awareness and decision-making on the road.Learn more about TSS.
See how the 2019 Toyota Tundra CREWMAX 4x4 compares against the 2019 Ford F-150 Supercrew 4x4 Lariat 145-in. WB. If cost is a concern, MSRP Including destination charge on Tundra CrewMax 4X4 Limited 5.7L V8 is $1,670 less than the F-150 SuperCrew 4X4 Lariat 145-in. WB. For power and performance, Tundra CrewMax 4X4 Limited has 8 Cylinders while F-150 SuperCrew 4X4 has only 6 Cylinders. Tundra CrewMax 4X4 Limited 5.7L V8 also has 1300 more pounds of standard towing capacity than F-150 SuperCrew 4X4 Lariat. For storage and convenience, console storage is standard on Tundra CrewMax 4X4 Limited 5.7L V8 but only optional on F-150 SuperCrew 4X4.


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Big-Data Start-Up GoodData Lands $25 Million Series C Led by Tenaya Capital
There are an awful lot of start-ups that claim to want to help companies find useful meaning in the deluge of data they are producing, and there's an awful lot of money going to those start-ups.
One that has gotten a fair amount of attention — in no small part thanks to those who invested in it — is GoodData, founded by CEO Roman Stanek (pictured). A little less than a year ago, it took $15 million in a Series B round led by Andreessen Horowitz. That round was also notable because AH had been an early seed-stage investor in the company.
Today, GoodData announced it has kicked its funding up a notch, landing a $25 million Series C led by Tenaya Capital, with participation from a new investor, Next World Capital. Prior investors, including AH, General Catalyst Partners, Fidelity Growth Partners and Windcrest Partners all participated in the round, which brings GoodData's total capital raised to $53.5 million. Brian Paul, a managing director at Tenaya, will join GoodData's board.
GoodData's approach to the big-data problem is to do — what else? — harness the cloud. But it does it in a slightly different manner. Rather than compete directly with the usual providers of business intelligence software, like SAP, Oracle and IBM, it offers its service indirectly via cloud service providers like Amazon Web Services, Dell's Boomi cloud-integration service, and Okta, the start-up focused on providing unified access to SaaS services.
It's working. The company's customer base has surged to 6,000, and bookings — a key indicator of future revenue that has turned into an important metric for companies in the cloud software space, like Salesforce.com — grew by 600 percent in 2011.


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Site/ Hyperlinks
THOUSANDS of *FREE* downloadable fonts! Teachers can get creative with these fun fonts! Here Are some examples:
A B C D F E g
Allows you to send an e-mail to yourself in the future. The future dates are customizable and all that is required is an e-mail address in which to send the message.
Want to show your class a YouTube video, but worried about the ads on the side and in the middle? ViewPure will take our ALL of the ads for you! All you have to is copy and paste the YouTube link. Another website that does this is SafeYouTube, which now requires a subscription.
Have a question off of the state website you want to use? Snip it! Love that supercute border and can't figure out how to make it? SNIP IT! Want to show helpdesk something in your e-mail? Snip it! This tool allows you to just take a "screenshot" of just a tiny part of the screen.
It's an app on your Windows 10 device (your school computer)
Interactive Notebook Templates
This website offers a ton of FREE templates
You can do all kinds of stuff on ONE SCREEN- put up instructions, set up a timer, do a stoplight warning system, put up QR codes for scanning (if you DO have more devices), put reminders for quiet/whisper/talk, etc.
It's a visual volume detector with warnings and everything! You can choose between bouncy balls, eyeballs, bubbles, and emojis. If your kids are anything like me, they are going to want to be loud just to see the balls/bubbles bounce, so set up some sort of system- Ex: If the warning sign comes up more than once, back to individual work, etc.
Lesson Plans and Standard Searching
These have lessons based around specific standards (you can search by standard!) using Common Core ELA, Common Core Math, and Next Generation Science Standards.
Pick a favorite YouTube video, plug in the link, and Infinite Looper will play it over and over in a loop until you stop it. This is great for a display in the front of the classroom while they are doing classwork (think- they are working on metamorphasis and you have a video of a butterfly transforming playing over and over). It also works well in stations, so the students don't have to push play and you don't have to worry about it starting the next video.
Bonus: it also takes out the ads :-)
Classroom gaming (similar to kahoot) which displays the question on the student screen and not just on the teacher's screen.
Classroom gaming using picture. It can also be used with just a teacher's screen as a gameboard if the teacher asks the questions.
Classroom gaming that displays a question and answers on the teacher screen and the answer options on the student devices.
Kahoot.com to create
Kahoot.it to play
This is one of those things you never think about until you need it.
These two websites convert PDF files to word files for FREE!
It uses the camera on your smartphone to scan the answer sheets (using the key you create). Using my phone, I could grade quizzes super fast and it went into the computer in alphabetical order making it easy to transfer into the gradebook. I would print a 100 question answer sheet for my students (it will print with their name on it too- just remember to use their first names only for PII). I would have them use that page for all short quizzes; it saved on copies and the students loved that they got instant feedback. It costs like $7 a year, but it does offer a free trial. BONUS: It also does item and class analysis, so talk about a TIME SAVER especially if you are having to do written benchmark tests.
Allows for parents and students to opt in and receive text messages and/or e-mails from their teacher (with ZERO personal numbers revealed). There is a chat option for parents and students to ask questions (that can also be turned off for individuals or everyone). I used this feature to remind students about upcoming tests or events, seniors for all graduation related news, etc. I also took a picture of my weekly agenda and sent it out so students would know what was coming up. Bus Drivers have been using it to let parents know if they were running late, if there was a breakdown, etc.
With Skype, teachers can set up virtual field trips, guest speakers, classroom collaborations (from in district or across the world), and fun Mystery Skypes. Note: to Skype outside of the district, you will need to create a Skype account; the Skype for Business that is already on your account is for LPSB only. This website gives AWESOME video tutorials and overviews of using Skype in the Classroom.
Click here to get your Dell and AT&T Discount information.
Learn more about Microsoft and what it can do for your classroom!Join the Microsoft Educator Community by clicking here.


text:
Code Geass
|Code Geass
Cover of Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion Blu-ray box set, featuring Lelouch vi Britannia (center) and C.C. (top)
|コードギアス 反逆のルルーシュ
(Kōdo Giasu: Hangyaku no Rurūshu)
|Alternate history,[1] mecha,[2] military[3]
|Created by
|Gorō Taniguchi
Ichirō Ōkouchi
|Anime television series
|Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion
|Directed by
|Gorō Taniguchi
|Produced by
|Written by
|Ichirō Ōkouchi
|Music by
|Licensed by
|Original network
|English network
|Original run
|October 6, 2006 – July 29, 2007
|Anime television series
|Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion R2
|Directed by
|Gorō Taniguchi
|Produced by
|Written by
|Ichirō Ōkouchi
|Music by
|Licensed by
|Original network
|English network
|Original run
|April 6, 2008 – September 28, 2008
|Original video animation
|Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion
Special Edition "Black Rebellion"
|Directed by
|Gorō Taniguchi
|Written by
|Ichirō Ōkouchi
|Music by
|Kōtarō Nakagawa
Hitomi Kuroishi
|February 22, 2008
|117 minutes
|Original video animation
|Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion R2 Special Edition "Zero Requiem"
|Directed by
|Gorō Taniguchi
|Written by
|Ichirō Ōkouchi
|Music by
|Kōtarō Nakagawa
Hitomi Kuroishi
|July 24, 2009
|117 minutes
|Light novel
|Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion
|Written by
|Mamoru Iwasa
(Original Story by Gorō Taniguchi & Ichirō Ōkouchi)
|Published by
|Kadokawa Shoten
|English publisher
|The Sneaker
|Original run
|April 28, 2007 – March 1, 2008
|Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion Lost Colors
|Visual novel
|PlayStation 2
PlayStation Portable
|Light novel
|Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion Red Tracks
|Written by
|Mamoru Iwasa
|Published by
|Kadokawa Shoten
|The Sneaker
|April 1, 2008
|Light novel
|Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion R2
|Written by
|Mamoru Iwasa
|Published by
|Kadokawa Shoten
|The Sneaker
|Original run
|June 1, 2008 – March 1, 2009
|Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion
|Written by
|Gorō Taniguchi
Ichirō Ōkouchi
|Illustrated by
|Published by
|Kadokawa Shoten
|English publisher
|Monthly Asuka
|Original run
|August 24, 2006 – February 24, 2010
|Code Geass: Suzaku of the Counterattack
|Written by
|Atsuro Yomino
|Published by
|Kadokawa Shoten
|English publisher
|Beans Ace
|Original run
|October 10, 2006 – August 9, 2008
|Code Geass: Nightmare of Nunnally
|Written by
|Takuma Tomomasa
|Published by
|Kadokawa Shoten
|English publisher
|Comp Ace
|Original run
|June 26, 2007 – April 25, 2009
|Code Geass: Tales of an Alternate Shogunate
|Written by
|Published by
|Kadokawa Shoten
|Kerokero Ace
|Original run
|May 26, 2008 – August 26, 2008
|Code Geass: Renya of Darkness
|Written by
|Takuma Tomomasa
|Published by
|Kadokawa Shoten
|Shōnen Ace
|Original run
|May 26, 2010 – August 26, 2013
|Code Geass: Oz the Reflection
|Written by
|Shigeru Morita
|Illustrated by
|Toujou Chika
|Published by
|Newtype Ace
Comp Ace
|Original run
|April 10, 2012 – July 26, 2014
|Original video animation
|Code Geass: Nunnally in Wonderland
|Directed by
|Makoto Baba
|Written by
|Yuuichi Nomura
|Music by
|Kotaro Nakagawa
|July 27, 2012
|28 minutes
|Original video animation
|Code Geass: Akito the Exiled
|Directed by
|Kazuki Akane
|Written by
|Hiroshi Ōnogi
|Music by
|Ichiko Hashimoto
|Licensed by
|August 4, 2012 – February 6, 2016
|Code Geass: Oz the Reflection O2
|Written by
|Shigeru Morita
|Illustrated by
|Toujou Chika
|Published by
|Comp Ace
|Original run
|August 26, 2014 – February 26, 2016
|Code Black: Lelouch of the Shred Guitar
|Written by
|Hoshi Tomajirou
|Published by
|Young Magazine the 3rd
|Original run
|November 6, 2014 – October 6, 2015
|Anime film series
|Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion
|Directed by
|Gorō Taniguchi
|Written by
|Ichirō Ōkouchi
|Music by
|Licensed by
|October 21, 2017 (Initiation)
February 10, 2018 (Transgression)
May 26, 2018 (Glorification)
Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion (コードギアス 反逆のルルーシュ, Kōdo Giasu: Hangyaku no Rurūshu), often referred to simply as Code Geass, is a Japanese anime series produced by Sunrise. It was directed by Gorō Taniguchi and written by Ichirō Ōkouchi, with original character designs by Clamp. Set in an alternate timeline, the series follows the exiled prince Lelouch vi Britannia, who obtains the "power of absolute obedience" from a mysterious woman named C.C. Using this supernatural power, known as Geass, he leads a rebellion against the rule of the Holy Britannian Empire, commanding a series of mecha battles.
Code Geass was broadcast in Japan on MBS from October 6, 2006 to July 29, 2007. Its sequel series, Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion R2 (コードギアス 反逆のルルーシュR2, Kōdo Giasu Hangyaku no Rurūshu Āru Tsū), ran as a simulcast on MBS and TBS from April 6, 2008 to September 28, 2008. The series has also been adapted into various manga and light novels with the former showing various alternate scenarios from the TV series. Bandai Entertainment also licensed most parts from the franchise for English release in December 2007, airing the two TV series on Adult Swim. Most manga and light novels have also been published in North America by Bandai. A compilation film trilogy that recapped the events from both seasons of the anime series, with altered storylines for various characters,[4] was released in 2017 and 2018. A new film, titled Code Geass: Lelouch of the Re;surrection (コードギアス 復活のルルーシュ, Kōdo Giasu: Fukkatsu no Rurūshu), taking place after the Zero Requiem of the recap films' universe,[5][6][7][4] was released in theaters on February 9, 2019.[8]
The anime television series has been well received in Japan, selling over a million DVD and Blu-ray Disc volumes. Both seasons have won several awards at the Tokyo International Anime Fair, Animage Anime Grand Prix, and Animation Kobe event. Critics have praised the series for its narrative, characters, strong voice acting, large audience appeal as well as the cross conflicts shown among the main characters and the moral questions presented.
In an alternative timeline, the world is divided into three superpowers: the Holy Britannian Empire (the Americas; also called Britannia), the Chinese Federation (Asia), and the European Union (Europe and Africa; previously known as the Euro-Universe, also known as Europa United in Akito the Exiled). The story takes place after the Holy Britannian Empire's conquest of Japan on August 10, 2010 a.t.b., by means of Britannia's newest weapon, the "Autonomous Armored Knight", or "Knightmare Frame". In turn, Britannia effectively strips Japan and its citizens of all rights and freedoms and renames the country Area 11 with its citizens referred to as Elevens.
Lelouch vi Britannia is an exiled Britannian prince, son of Emperor Charles zi Britannia and his royal consort Marianne vi Britannia. Lelouch has a sister, Nunnally vi Britannia. Marianne was brutally murdered in the palace and Nunnally, who witnessed the murder of their mother, was so traumatized she lost both her sight and ability to walk. Lelouch is furious with his father, believing his father failed his mother and sister by turning a blind eye to their mother's death and failing to pursue their mother's killer.
Lelouch and Nunnally are sent as political pawns to Japan to lull the Japanese government into a false sense of security. After the siblings are sent to Japan, Japan is attacked and defeated by Britannia. With the ruins of Japan as a background, Lelouch vows to his Japanese friend Suzaku Kururugi that he will one day obliterate Britannia as an act of vengeance against his father.
Seven years later, Lelouch (now going by the name Lelouch Lamperouge), is now a popular yet withdrawn student at Ashford Academy. Lelouch becomes involved in a terrorist attack and finds a mysterious girl called C.C. (C2), who saves Lelouch's life from the Britannian Royal Guard, by making a contract with him and granting Lelouch a power known as Geass (ギアス, Giasu). This power, also known as the "Power of Kings" (王の力, Ō no Chikara), allows him to command anyone to do whatever he wants, including bending their will to live, fight, or die on his behalf. This power can affect an individual just once and only through direct eye contact. Lelouch decides to use his Geass to find his mother's murderers, destroy the Britannian Empire, and create a better world where Nunnally can live happily. In the process, Lelouch becomes Zero, a masked vigilante and the leader of the resistance movement known as The Black Knights, gaining popularity and support among the Japanese on his way towards the rebellion of Britannia. However, this does not come without a cost. Caught up in a conflict where he does not know the full extent of his powers, Lelouch will have to battle Suzaku, a resistance member named Kallen Stadtfeld, the strongest army in the world, his own half-siblings, and many others in a battle that will forever change the world.
Code Geass began as a concept developed at Sunrise by Ichirō Ōkouchi and Gorō Taniguchi, who proposed it to producer Yoshitaka Kawaguchi. Kawaguchi had previously approached Okouchi and Taniguchi during the production of Planetes.[9] The basic idea for the plot consisted of a "hero" who led a secret organization, which was later developed into a conflict between two characters with different values and who belonged to the same military unit, who eventually became Lelouch Lamperouge and Suzaku Kururugi.[9]
During these initial planning stages, Kawaguchi also contacted the noted manga artist group Clamp.[9] This was the first time Clamp had ever been requested to design the characters of an anime series.[10] Clamp signed onto the project early during these development stages and provided numerous ideas, which helped develop the series' setting and characters.[10]
While developing the character designs for Lelouch, the protagonist of the series, Clamp had originally conceived of his hair color as being white.[10] Ageha Ohkawa, head writer at Clamp, said she had visualized him as being a character to which "everyone" could relate to as being "cool", literally, a "beauty".[10] During these planning stages, Clamp and the Sunrise staff had discussed a number of possible inspirations for the characters, including KinKi Kids and Tackey & Tsubasa.[10] They had wanted to create a "hit show," a series which would appeal to "everyone."[10] Lelouch's alter ego, Zero, was one of the earliest developed characters, with Ōkouchi having wanted a mask to be included as a part of the series, feeling it was necessary for it to be a Sunrise show, and Clamp wanting a unique design never prior seen in any Sunrise series (said mask was nicknamed "tulip" for its distinctive design).[10]
The concept for the Geass may have been inspired by the Irish and Welsh legends of "Geas" or "Geis". A geas is a compulsion laid on someone to do or not do something. While the geas itself does not lie on any spectrum, the benefits or actions of it may be decidedly benevolent or malevolent. The concept fits in into the wider fictional world and its lore of British inspirations.
Clamp's finalized original character design art, illustrated by its lead artist Mokona, was subsequently converted into animation character designs for the series by Sunrise's character designer Takahiro Kimura, who had previously spent "every day" analyzing Clamp's art and style from their artbooks and manga series.[10] In working on the animation character designs, he focused on designing them so as to enable the series' other animators to apply them without deviating from Clamp's original art style.[10]
The music for the series was composed by Kōtarō Nakagawa and Hitomi Kuroishi, who had earlier worked with the series' core staff in Planetes and Taniguchi's earlier work Gun X Sword. In addition to the incidental music featured in each episode, Kuroishi also composed numerous insert songs for the series, including "Stories", "Masquerade", "Alone", and "Innocent Days", which were each performed by Kuroishi herself, while "Picaresque" and "Callin'" were performed by the singer-songwriter Mikio Sakai, who had also earlier worked with Nakagawa and Kuroishi in Planetes. The bands FLOW, Ali Project, Jinn, SunSet Swish, Access, and Orange Range have provided songs for the opening and ending themes.[11][12]
When the series was being developed for broadcast on Mainichi Broadcasting System, it had been given the network's Saturday evening prime time slot, which was later changed to a Thursday late night time slot. Due to this change, the overall outlook and some elements of the series were changed and further developed to suit the more mature, late night audience.[9] The supernatural "Geass" ability finally came into the show at this point and was first conceived as a special power granted by an "angel" to the main characters, though this last part was also modified.[9]
Code Geass officially premiered on the Mainichi Broadcasting System (MBS) television station at 25:25 on October 5, 2006 (01:25 JST on October 6, 2006). Its satellite television premiere across Japan on Animax was on November 7, 2006.[13][14] Upon the airing of the first 23 episodes, the series went on hiatus on March 29, 2007,[13][15] and completed broadcast of the first series with a contiguous one-hour broadcast of episodes 24 and 25 at 26:25 on Saturday, July 28, 2007.[16]
The immense popularity of Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion followed with the development of its sequel, Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion R2, which was first announced on the March 2007 issue of Newtype and later confirmed by Sunrise producer Yoshitaka Kawaguchi on the series' official staff blog on March 9, 2007.[17][18]
Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion R2 premiered on all Japan News Network (JNN) member stations (like MBS and TBS) on April 6, 2008, in the primetime anime timeslot, with the timeslot changing from 18:00 JST on Saturdays to 17:00 JST on Sundays.[19][20] Prior to the series' television broadcast, three private preview screenings of episode 1 were held on March 15 and March 16 in Osaka and Tokyo respectively, which was attended by the series' Japanese voice actors as well as a pool of 3800 randomly selected applicants. On April 15, 2008, at 17:00 JST, the last 6 minutes of the then unaired third episode was accidentally posted onto the Internet due to an error by Bandai Channel, Bandai's online broadcast channel and the series online distributor, in the midst of testing a system preventing illegal online uploads.[21]
The Code Geass: The Miraculous Birthday (コードギアス 反逆のルルーシュ キセキの誕生日, Kōdo Giasu: Kiseki no Tanjōbi) picture drama was based on a live event held in Tokyo, Japan on Lelouch's birthday.[citation needed]
Another OVA anime titled Code Geass: Nunnally in Wonderland (コードギアス 反逆のルルーシュ: ナナリーinワンダーランド, Kōdo Giasu Hangyaku no Rurūshu: Nanarī in wandārando) was announced and revealed through the anime's official website. Takahiro Kimura did the character designs of the series. Makoto Baba was assigned as the director of the OVA while episode scriptwriter Yuuichi Nomura and music composer Kotaro Nakagawa returned for the said project. In the story, Lelouch makes the ultimate use of his Geass for his little sister Nunnally, who loves Alice in Wonderland.[22] The Blu-ray was released by Bandai Visual on July 27, 2012 with English subtitles and bundled with a 40 page picture book.[23]
A 3-part theatrical film remake of the TV anime was released, with the first film titled Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion I - Initiation (コードギアス 反逆のルルーシュ 興道, Code Geass - Hangyaku no Lelouch - Kōdō, "Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion: The Awakening Path") released on October 21, 2017.[24] The second film titled Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion II - Transgression (コードギアス 反逆のルルーシュ 叛道, Code Geass - Hangyaku no Lelouch - Handō, "Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion: The Rebellion Path") was released February 10, 2018. The film placed 8th at the mini-theater ranking on its opening weekend. The third compilation film, titled Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion III - Glorification (コードギアス 反逆のルルーシュ 皇道, Code Geass - Hangyaku no Lelouch - Ōdō, "Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion: The Imperial Path") was released in theaters on May 26, 2018.[25] Each film has several changes to the storyline, as Taniguchi stated, to give it more of a "what if" scenarios leading to the new film.[26][27]
Code Geass: Lelouch of the Re;surrection movie was announced on November 27, 2016.[28] It was released in theaters in Japan on February 9, 2019.[29][30] It takes place in the alternate continuity established in the recap films and is a sequel to the "Zero Requiem" arc of that continuity.[4]
Akito the Exiled[edit]
The new Code Geass series was first revealed on December 5, 2009.[31] In April 2010, it was officially revealed that a new Code Geass side story anime called Code Geass: Akito the Exiled (コードギアス 亡国のアキト, Kōdo Giasu: Bōkoku no Akito) would be directed by Kazuki Akane (The Vision of Escaflowne). The side story is an OVA series set in Europe during the Britannian invasion of the continent between Lelouch of the Rebellion's two seasons.[32] Originally intended to be released in four chapters, production of a fifth Akito the Exiled episode was announced after the Japanese debut of the third entry on May 2, 2015.[33] Along with the two seasons of the television series, the OVAs are licensed by Funimation. In January 2016, Manga Entertainment, who licensed the series in the UK, listed that they will release the first two episodes on Blu-Ray with an English dub on December 5, 2016. They later changed the date to April 10, 2017 and as of most recently the release is now scheduled to be on October 1, 2017.[34] Madman Entertainment has also released the first three episodes on DVD. Funimation announced it will release the series in early 2017. On March 15, 2017, Funimation officially announced the pre order and release date, June 27, 2017. The release will be a Blu-ray and DVD Combo pack with both subbed and dubbed audio.[35] The picture drama has been released in only Japan and Italy.
International licensing[edit]
Both seasons of Code Geass have been licensed for release in the United States by Bandai Entertainment,[36] and the first season began airing on Cartoon Network's Adult Swim programming block in the U.S. on April 27, 2008; the second began airing on November 2, immediately following the first season, both viewable in English on Adult Swim Video.[37] The series finale premiered on June 7, 2009, ending the second season and the rest of the story. On April 23, 2010, Adult Swim's rights to this series expired.[citation needed]
Following the closure of Bandai Entertainment in 2012, Sunrise announced at their official panel during Otakon 2013 that Funimation has rescued both seasons of Code Geass and in addition licensed Akito the Exiled, along with a handful of other former Bandai Entertainment titles.[38]
In Australia and New Zealand, the series is sub-licensed to Madman Entertainment by Bandai Entertainment USA,[39] and began airing on Australian channel ABC2 from January 19, 2009. As at 2018 it is available on Australian Netflix.
In the Philippines, the first season of Code Geass premiered on November 10, 2008, weekday nights at 7:30pm PST and ended on December 15, 2008 through TV5, while season 2 premiered on May 4, 2009 and ended on June 5, 2009, weekday nights at 6:00pm PST with a weekend afternoon recap of the week's episodes also on TV5. Despite the poor ratings it attained due to competition with local TV newscasts and prime time soaps, the series was able to gain a huge following and became one of the most talked-about anime series in the country during its run. Code Geass had its Philippine cable premiere on July 27, 2010 through Hero TV.
In Italy, the first season aired from September 23, 2009 to February 25, 2010 on Rai 4, while season 2 was broadcast on Rai 4 from March 4, 2010 to August 12, 2010; both seasons were broadcast at about 11:10 pm.
Sunrise announced at its Anime Boston panel on Friday that Funimation licensed the remake film trilogy.[40]
Funimation announced that they licensed the Code Geass: Lelouch of the Re;surrection film for its North American theatrical release in May 2019.[41]
Kadokawa Shoten has published four separate manga adaptations, each containing an alternate storyline.[42] The first four of the manga series have been licensed for an English language release in North America by Bandai Entertainment.[43] The first, Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion, by Majiko~! and originally serialized Monthly Asuka, focused on the protagonist of the series, Lelouch Lamperouge, with few differences from the anime's basic storyline. The most noticeable difference from the anime version is the absence of the Knightmare frames. Its chapters were collected in eight tankōbon volumes released from December 26, 2008 to March 26, 2010.[44][45] Bandai's English adaptation of the series was published from July 29, 2008[46] to February 15, 2011.[47]
The second manga is Code Geass: Suzaku of the Counterattack (コードギアス 反攻のスザク, Kōdo Giasu: Hankō no Suzaku). It was written by Atsuro Yomino and serialized in Beans A magazine. It focuses on the character Suzaku Kururugi in an alternate reality, where he fights against the criminal organization known as the Black Knights. It was released in two volumes on June 26, 2007 and September 26, 2008.[48][49] The first English volume was released on January 6, 2009,[50] and the second followed it on October 13, 2009.[51]
Code Geass: Nightmare of Nunnally (コードギアス ナイトメア・オブ・ナナリー, Kōdo Giasu Naitomea Obu Nanarī), serialized in Comp Ace and written by Tomomasa Takuma, focuses on Lelouch's sister, Nunnally Lamperouge who goes into searching her missing brother when her health is restored by an entity named Nemo.[42] It was published in five volumes from June 26, 2007[52] to April 25, 2009.[53] The English volumes were published from June 9, 2009[54] to March 23, 2010.[55]
A fourth manga adaptation, Code Geass: Tales of an Alternate Shogunate (幕末異聞録 コードギアス 反逆のルルーシュ, Bakumatsu Ibun Roku Kōdo Giasu Hangyaku no Rurūshu), was serialized in Kerokero Ace.[56] Set in an alternate 1853, Lelouch is the commander of the Shogunate's military counterinsurgence brigade known as the Shinsengumi, which fights the Black Revolutionaries, a rebel group led by a masked individual known as Rei. It was released on a single volume on October 25, 2010,[57] while the English version was published on May 10, 2011.[58]
In late 2009, Bandai announced a new project greenlit for 2010. A manga, titled Code Geass: Renya of Darkness (コードギアス 漆黒の連夜, Kōdo Giasu: Shikkoku no Renya), was the first product announced. The story takes place in the same official Code Geass history as the anime, but in a different era with the anime director Goro Taniguchi scripting the story. The title character, Renya, is a 17-year-old boy who encounters a mysterious, perpetually young witch named "Reifū C.C.", who has appeared in Japan's historical Edo era to seek a new partner for a covenant.[59] It began publication in the May 2010 issue of Shōnen Ace. Bandai Entertainment announced that it will publish the manga in English as with the other adaptions.[60] On January 2, 2012 as a part of Bandai Entertainment's announced restructuring, they have since, among other titles, revoked publishing of Code Geass: Renya of Darkness for English release.[61]
The spinoff Code Geass: Oz the Reflection (コードギアス 双貌のオズ, Code Geass: Soubou no Oz) takes place between the first and second seasons of the anime television and is told from two perspectives. The photo story in Hobby Japan centers around Orpheus Zevon, a young terrorist with the Knightmare Frame Byakuen who is in pursuit of his lover's killer. The manga in Newtype Ace revolves around Oldrin Zevon, a girl in the Britannia Empire's anti-terrorist unit Glinda Knights who pilots the Knightmare Frame Lancelot Grail. The story of Oz the Reflection and Akito the Exiled takes place at the same time in between season 1 and 2 of the TV series.
Audio CDs[edit]
The series has been adapted into a series of drama CDs, called Sound Episodes, the first of which was released in Japan in April 2007 by Victor Entertainment, with new volumes released monthly. Written by many of the same writers as the series, these episodes are set between episodes and feature theme songs performed by the series' voice actors. They have also been available online on a limited streaming basis on the Japanese internet website Biglobe.[citation needed]
In total, twelve drama CDs have been released. The first six, released between April 25, 2007 and September 27, 2007 cover the first season of the series, and the other six focusing on the second season.
The music for the series, composed by Kōtarō Nakagawa and Hitomi Kuroishi, has been released across two original soundtracks produced by Yoshimoto Ishikawa and released by Victor Entertainment. The first was released in Japan on December 20, 2006, and the second on March 24, 2007.[11] The covers and jackets for both soundtracks were illustrated by Takahiro Kimura.[11]
Light novels[edit]
Code Geass ('Code Geass') has been additionally novelized into a series of light novels. First serialized in Kadokawa Shoten's The Sneaker magazine, they are divided into two separate series corresponding with the series two seasons. The first series, Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion, spanned five volumes with the first, labelled as volume 0, released in Japan on April 28, 2007 and the last on March 1, 2008.[62][63] All five volumes in the first series of novels have been released in English by Bandai Visual.[43] The first volume was released on November 2008 and the last one on February 23, 2010.[63][64] The first novel acts as a prologue, focusing on how Lelouch befriended Suzaku Kururugi, when the former prince and his sister Nunnally Lamperouge were sent to Japan as political hostages.
The second novel series, Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion R2, covers the second season of the anime series in which Lelouch continues his battle against the Britannian Empire. It was released in four volumes from June 1, 2008 to March 1, 2009.[65][66] A single volume side story novel, Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion Red Tracks (コードギアス 反逆のルルーシュ 朱の軌跡, Kōdo Giasu: Hangyaku no Rurūshu Shu no Kiseki) was released on April 1, 2008 in Japan. It focuses on the life of teenager girl Kallen Stadtfeld who becomes a soldier from the organization the Black Knights under Lelouch's leadership to defeat Britannia.[67] On January 3, 2012, the English publication of the light novel adaptation of R2 had been announced as cancelled as part of Bandai Entertainment's planned restructuring which had been announced the day before.[68]
Video games[edit]
The series was also slated to be adapted into a series of video games, developed for the Nintendo DS,[69] PlayStation Portable and PlayStation 2 platforms, which was published by Namco Bandai Games.[70][71][72] All three games have been available in only Japanese, although an incomplete unofficial patch for the Nintendo DS game exists on the internet that partially translates the game into English.[citation needed] A release on the Wii platform was cancelled for unknown reasons.[70]
The official website for the first Nintendo DS game launched on July 16, 2007, with the game being released a few months later on October 25.[73]
A second game, titled Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion Lost Colors, was developed for the PlayStation Portable and PlayStation 2, and released in Japan on March 27, 2008.[74] It is a visual novel game which follows a new protagonist named Rai (ライ), who suffers from amnesia. He has a Geass ability similar to Lelouch's, but activated by voice.
The third game for the Nintendo DS is a collection of minigames featuring super deformed forms of the characters. The player moves along a board through dice rolls, landing on different spots to activate minigames. The minigames are parody-style events with multiple genres. These include helping Jeremiah grow oranges, racing against C.C. and Shirley in swimming, and a sidescrolling beat-em-up featuring Kallen in Guren-like armor.[citation needed]
Code Geass R2 appeared in From Software (Demon's Souls, Armored Core) and Banpresto's PlayStation 3 exclusive mecha action game Another Century's Episode R, released in Japan in August 2010 and in which both versions of Suzaku's Lancelot, Lelouch's Shinkiro, both versions of Kallen's Guren, and C.C.'s Akatsuki are playable. A fourth installment of the ACE franchise for the PlayStation Portable, Another Century's Episode Portable, included Suzaku's Lancelot Albion and Lelouch/Zero's Shinkiro.
Code Geass characters have appeared as costumes in the Japanese version of the PlayStation 3 game Tales of Graces F. These characters are Zero, Suzaku, C.C. and Kallen. These costumes were never released from the US version for unknown reasons.[75] It was discontinued to download on September 27, 2019.
Two artbooks featuring illustrations of the series, Code Geass Graphics Zero (ISBN 4048540793) and Code Geass Graphics Ashford (ISBN 4048540807), have been published in Japan.[42] Coinciding with the release of the second season of Code Geass was the publication of another artbook, Code Geass – Lelouch of the Rebellion illustrations Rebels (ISBN 4048541692), which featured 134 art pieces of the first season. Another 95 page artbook titled Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion – The Complete Artbook (ISBN 9784048541183) has also been published. Finally, CLAMP, the well-known manga artist team who did the designs for Code Geass, put out their own artbook, entitled Code Geass x CLAMP: Mutuality.[citation needed]
Internet radio broadcasts[edit]
"Code Geass" has also been adapted into a series of weekly internet radio broadcasts, which were streamed online on the BEAT☆Net Radio! portal, the first of which, Code Geass: The Rebellion Diary (コードギアス 反逆日記, Kōdo Giasu: Hangyaku Nikki), began streaming from October 6, 2006. It featured Sayaka Ohara (voice actor of Milly Ashford) and Satomi Arai (voice actor of Sayoko Shinazaki). The second, Code Geass – Mountains of the Rebellion (コードギアス 反逆の山々, Kōdo Giasu Hangyaku no Yamayama), was first streamed on December 12, 2006, and were hosted by Jun Fukuyama (voice actor of Lelouch) and Noriaki Sugiyama (voice actor of Rivalz). During R2, a new show named Code Geass – LuluKuru Station (コードギアス ルルクルステーション, Kōdo Giasu Rurukuru Suteishōn) was streamed, hosted by Fukuyama and Takahiro Sakurai (voice actor of Suzaku).[citation needed]
Critical response[edit]
Code Geass has received best-selling success and broad critical acclaim since its release. Anime News Network's columnist Todd Ciolek attributes the soaring popularity of Code Geass to "the series hitting every important fan sector", with the audience appeal points ranging from a "complex cast of characters and a fast-paced story, told with Goro Taniguchi's capable direction" for "general-interest fans" to "pretty and just-a-little-broken heroes" for "yaoi-buying female fans".[76] Carl Kimlinger also finds that the series "has the skill and energy to carry viewers over the top with it, where they can spend a pleasurable few hours reveling in its melodramatic charms."[77] He also adds that Taniguchi "executes the excesses of his series with care, skillfully intercutting events as Lelouch's plans come together (or fall apart) and using kinetic mecha combat".[78]
T.H.E.M. Anime Reviewer Dallas Marshall gave the series 4 out of 5 stars, stating "A melodramatic piece of science fiction that has more than enough going for it in terms of action and visuals but tends to go overboard with its emotionalism. If this minor flaw can be overlooked, there is an epic story to be told with a rather intriguing main character at the helm. Take away one star if that minor 'flaw' cannot be ignored."[79]
A less favorable review was given by Carlo Santos of Anime News Network, who gave it an overall "C" and wrote that the franchise "in a way, [...] reflects the malaise of a generation: the realization that old, rich, powerful people have screwed up the world and that the young are helpless to do anything about it". According to him, Lelouch's actions exemplify the wish to see problems like "economic collapse, class conflict, political instability, radical extremism" solved by "Zero's vigilante methods" but Santos expresses doubt in such an approach and concludes that "the series is at its best when raising questions rather than offering a final solution" (the review is focused on the manga adaptation of the story, which has certain differences compared with the original anime). [80]
Home video sales[edit]
When the first episode was shown during a special test screening, which was attended by Ōkawa, other members of the series' staff, as well as several journalists and other media-related personnel in response to the hype surrounding the series' upcoming release, the audience fell into immediate silence after it ended, followed by "tremendous applause."[9] By August 2008, over 900,000 Code Geass discs had been sold in Japan.[81]
Reportedly, Bandai Visual shipped over one million DVD and Blu-ray Discs related to the Code Geass franchise by November 2008, placing it among the most popular contemporary anime series in both Japan and North America.[82] During 2008, the first volume from R2 was the fourth bestselling anime DVD and Blu-ray Disc in Japan according to Amazon.com.[83]
Box office[edit]
Episodes 1, 3 and 5 of Akito the Exiled were screened theatrically in Japan between 2012 and 2016, with episode 1 grossing ¥35,112,097 ($440,056) in 2012, and episodes 3 and 5 grossing ¥216,957,460 ($1,994,828) during 2015–2016. Combined, the three episodes grossed ¥252,069,557 ($2,434,280) at the Japanese box office.[84]
During 2017–2018, Code Geass launched three theatrical recap movies in Japan (October 21, February 10, and May 26 respectively), across 79 Theaters.[85][86] The first part, The Awakening Path, grossed ¥67,954,086.40 opening night, rising to number #8 on the charts.[87] The Rebellion Path grossed ¥57,241,203.20 during its opening premiere, ranking #7 on the charts.[88] The Imperial Path grossed ¥67,864,834,800 on its opening day, and debuted at #8 on the charts.[89] Combined, the film trilogy grossed ¥647,802,700 in Japan.[84]
Since its premiere, Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion has collected numerous awards and accolades. At the sixth annual Tokyo Anime Awards held at the 2007 Tokyo International Anime Fair, Code Geass won the best anime television series award.[90] The second season also got the award of "Best Screenplay" in the 2009 Tokyo Anime Fair.[91] In noted Japanese anime magazine Animage's 29th Annual Anime Grand Prix, Code Geass won the most popular series award, with Lelouch Lamperouge also being chosen as the most popular male character and "Colors" being chosen as the most popular song[citation needed]. In the 30th Annual Anime Grand Prix, Lelouch won first place again and C.C. was voted most popular female character.[citation needed] At the first Seiyu Awards held in 2007, Jun Fukuyama won the award for best actor in a leading role for his performance as Lelouch Lamperouge in the series, while Ami Koshimizu won the award for best actress in a supporting role for her performance as Kallen Stadtfeld.[92]
Furthermore, Code Geass won the award for Best TV Animation at the twelfth Animation Kobe event, held annually in Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture,[93] with R2 taking the award in the following year.[94] In the 2009, Seiun Award, Code Geass R2 was a nominee in the category "Best Media Award".[95]
- ^ Ming Cha, Kai (March 1, 2010). "Code Geass Manga Expands at Bandai". Publishers Weekly. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
- ^ Osmond, Andrew (February 24, 2006). "Netflix Adds Code Geass". Anime News Network. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
- ^ Loo, Egan (December 8, 2007). "Code Geass to Air on America's Adult Swim in Spring (Updated)". Anime News Network. Retrieved November 2, 2019.
- ^ a b c Haasch, Palmer (June 12, 2018). "The Code Geass recap movies are key to new sequel's confusing timeline". Polygon. Retrieved March 5, 2019.
- ^ "Code Geass Gets New Sequel & Anime Compilation Film Trilogy". Anime News Network. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
- ^ ""Code Geass" Compilation Movies To Prepare For New Sequel". Crunchyroll. November 28, 2016. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
- ^ "Code Geass Lelouch of the Resurrection & Lead Up Compilation Movie Announced". nagamedigital.com. November 28, 2016. Archived from the original on December 8, 2016. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
- ^ "『コードギアス 復活のルルーシュ』完全新作劇場版が2019年2月公開&特報などが解禁". Animate Times. August 3, 2018. Retrieved August 3, 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f "Interview with Ichirō Ōkouchi". Code Geass DVD Volume 1. Sunrise.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Interview with Gorō Taniguchi and Ageha Ōkawa, head writer of Clamp". Newtype, May 2007 issue.
- ^ a b c コードギアス 反逆のルルーシュ 公式サイト (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2007-03-06. Retrieved 2007-03-10.
- ^ "8/13 New Single「World End」発売決定!!" (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2008-03-23. Retrieved 2008-06-07.
- ^ a b "MoonPhase.cc – Anime". Archived from the original on 2009-07-03. Retrieved 2007-06-11.
- ^ "ANIMAX アニメ見るならアニマックス:新番組" [Animax's featured new lineup of November]. Animax (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2006-10-12.
- ^ "Interview with Gorō Taniguchi". Animedia, April 2007 issue.
- ^ "Random Musings – Suzumiya Haruhi S2 and Code Geass Finale Airdate". Random Curiosity. 2007-07-05. Archived from the original on 2007-07-08. Retrieved 2007-07-09.
- ^ "Random Musings – Code Geass News Overload Edition". Random Curiosity. 2007-03-07. Archived from the original on 2007-05-19. Retrieved 2007-07-09.
- ^ 速報! 続編制作が決定!! 【コードギアス 反逆のルルーシュ】/ウェブリブログ (in Japanese). Sunrise. 2007-03-09. Retrieved 2007-03-09. (official Code Geass blog)
- ^ "2007-12-06 – D.Hatena.ne.jp 雑記". Moonphase. 2007-12-06. Retrieved 2007-12-06.
- ^ "Japan's TBS Confirms Anime's Move from Saturday, 6 p.m." Anime News Network. Retrieved 2008-02-06.
- ^ "コードギアス 反逆のルルーシュR2 公式サイト". Sunrise. 2008-04-16. Retrieved 2008-04-16.
- ^ "Code Geass: Nunnally in Wonderland Video Anime Revealed". Anime News Network. 2012-01-12. Retrieved 2015-10-11.
- ^ "Code Geass: Nunnally in Wonderland to Have English Subs". Anime News Network. 2012-02-02. Retrieved 2015-10-11.
- ^ "Code Geass Compilation Film Trilogy Reveals Visual, Teaser Video, Dates". Anime News Network. July 28, 2017. Retrieved August 2, 2017.
- ^ "2nd Code Geass Film Opens at #8, Macross Delta Film Tops Mini-Theater Ranking". Anime News Network. 2018-02-14. Retrieved 2018-02-14.
- ^ "'Code Geass' Director, Writer Confirm Return For Next Project". ComicBook.com. May 30, 2018. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
- ^ "Code Geass Writer, Director Confirm Return for 'Next' Sequel". Anime News Network. May 29, 2018. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
- ^ "Code Geass 10th Project". Geass.jp. Retrieved 2016-11-30.
- ^ "「コードギアス」新作劇場版は2019年2月公開!ティザービジュアル&特報公開". マイナビニュース. August 3, 2018. Retrieved August 3, 2018.
- ^ "Code Geass: Lelouch of the Re;surrection Sequel Film's Trailer Reveals New Characters, February 9 Debut". Anime News Network. October 4, 2018.
- ^ "New Code Geass Project's Launch Revealed". Anime News Network. December 4, 2009.
- ^ "Code Geass Gaiden: Bōkoku no Akito Anime Announced". Anime News Network. 2010-04-22. Retrieved 2010-07-25.
- ^ "Code Geass: Akito the Exiled 4th Episode's Trailer Streamed". Anime News Network. 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-05-21.
- ^ "Code Geass Akito The Exiled: Part 1 And 2". Amazon.com. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
- ^ "Code Geass: Akito the Exiled Pre-Order Announcement - Funimation - Blog!". Funimation - Blog!. 2017-03-15. Retrieved 2017-03-16.
- ^ "Bandai Entertainment 2008 Convention announcements". Animenewsnetwork.com. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
- ^ "Code Geass R2 Anime Sequel to Run on Adult Swim in U.S". Animenewsnetwork. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
- ^ "Funimations Adds Code Geass, Tales of the Abyss, Angel Links, More". Anime News Network. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
- ^ "Madman Entertainment July 2008 Newsletter". Madman.com.au. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
- ^ "Funimation Acquires Code Geass Recap Film Trilogy". Anime News Network. Retrieved 2018-03-30.
- ^ "Funimation to Screen Code Geass: Lelouch of the Re;surrection Sequel Anime Film in N. America in 2019". Anime News Network. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
- ^ a b c "コードギアス 反逆のルルーシュ 公式サイト". Sunrise. Archived from the original on 2007-07-04. Retrieved 2007-07-09.
- ^ a b "New York Anime Festival and ICv2 Conference on Anime and Manga: Code Geass". Anime News Network. 2007-12-08. Retrieved 2008-07-06.
- ^ コードギアス 反逆のルルーシュ 第1巻 (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. Retrieved March 23, 2011.
- ^ コードギアス 反逆のルルーシュ 第8巻 (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. Retrieved March 23, 2011.
- ^ "Code Geass Manga Volume 1: Lelouch Of The Rebellion". Amazon.com. ISBN 1594099731. Retrieved July 13, 2015.
- ^ "Code Geass Manga Volume 8: Lelouch Of The Rebellion". Amazon.com. ISBN 1604962054. Retrieved July 13, 2015.
- ^ コードギアス 反攻のスザク 第1巻 (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. Retrieved March 23, 2011.
- ^ コードギアス 反攻のスザク 第2巻 (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. Retrieved March 23, 2011.
- ^ "Code Geass Manga Volume 1: Suzaku Of The Counterattack". Amazon.com. ISBN 1594099774. Retrieved July 13, 2015.
- ^ "Code Geass Manga Volume 3: Suzaku Of The Counterattack". Amazon.com. ISBN 1594099804. Retrieved July 13, 2015.
- ^ コードギアス ナイトメア・オブ・ナナリー (1) (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. Retrieved March 23, 2011.
- ^ コードギアス ナイトメア・オブ・ナナリー (5) (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. Retrieved March 23, 2011.
- ^ "Nightmare Of Nunnally Volume 1". Amazon.com. ISBN 1594099790. Retrieved July 13, 2015.
- ^ "Nightmare Of Nunnally Volume 5". Amazon.com. ISBN 1604962046. Retrieved July 13, 2015.
- ^ "Kerokero Ace Magazine to Run Fourth Code Geass Manga". Anime News Network. Retrieved 2017-03-30.
- ^ 幕末異聞録 コードギアス 反逆のルルーシュ (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. Retrieved March 23, 2011.
- ^ "Code Geass: Tales of an Alternate Shogunate". Amazon.com. ISBN 1604962593. Retrieved July 13, 2015.
- ^ "Code Geass: Shikkoku no Renya Manga to Launch in 2010ト". Anime News Network. 2009-12-07. Retrieved 2010-07-25.
- ^ "Bandai Entertainment Adds Nichijou, Gosick Anime". Anime News Network. Retrieved 31 July 2011.
- ^ "Bandai Entertainment to Stop Releasing New DVDs, Blu-ray Discs, and Manga". Anime News Network. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
- ^ "コードギアス 反逆のルルーシュSTAGE-0-ENTRANCE" (in Japanese). Kodakawa Shoten. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
- ^ a b "Code Geass, Stage 4: Zeri". Amazon.com. ISBN 1604961856. Retrieved July 13, 2015.
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- ^ "Bandai Will Not Release Nichijō Manga Also". Anime News Network. Retrieved January 3, 2012.
- ^ "TGS Japanese Trailer". Namco Bandai Games. 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-09-28.
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- ^ "コードギアス 反逆のルルーシュ LOST COLORS" (in Japanese). Retrieved 2008-02-12.
- ^ a745 (November 1, 2010). "New Tales of Graces f Costumes Include a Code Geass Set + Narikiri Dolls". Abyssal Chronicles. Retrieved November 3, 2010.
- ^ Ciolek, Todd (2008-08-13). "The X Button: Revolutionary Jargon". Anime News Network. Retrieved 2008-08-13.
- ^ "Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion DVD 1-2 – Review". Anime News Network. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
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- ^ "News: Bandai Visual Ships 100,000+ Geass R2 #1 Discs". Anime News Network. August 23, 2008. Retrieved April 5, 2011.
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- ^ a b "Box Office Gross, TV Anime Adaptations". Someanithing: Anime DVD/BD Sales in Japan. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
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- ^ "News: Japanese Science Fiction Con Award Nominees Revealed". Anime News Network. March 5, 2007. Retrieved April 14, 2009.
External links[edit]
|Wikiquote has quotations related to: Code Geass
- Biglobe's Code Geass portal site (in Japanese)
- MBS's official site (in Japanese)
- Sunrise's official site (in Japanese)
- Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion (anime) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia
- Madman Entertainment's Official Code Geass website
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text:
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I was fortunate enough to have the opportunity to introduce rbutr to the skeptic community at TAM2012 in Tim Farley's fantastic workshop on The Future of Skepticism Online: Crowd-sourced Activism. The video of that workshop is now available online, and you can see my 15min presentation at its conclusion, including a live demonstration!
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Shane Greenup is an entrepreneur, traveler and extreme sports enthusiast.He has a background in History and Philosophy of Science, Molecular Biology, and Philosophy, and is one of the founders of http://rbutr.co


text:
On February 15, 1861, the Washington Convention at the Willard Hotel considered as a body for the first time the compromise that up to that point had been in committee. The problem was that not one compromise emerged out of the committee deliberations, but two. Significantly, the difference between the members was over not whether to appease the slaveholding states, but how much.
The majority proposal provided for: 1) extending the old 36-30 line of the Missouri Compromise to the Pacific, with slavery allowed below the line and prohibited above it; 2) four-fifths of the Senate would be required to approve future territorial acquisitions; 3) Congress would have no power to "regulate, abolish, or control" slavery; 4) free states would have no authority within their borders to interfere with the implementation of fugitive slave legislation; 5) American participation in the African slave trade would be forever prohibited; 6) sections of the U.S. Constitution dealing with slavery could not be amended without unanimous consent of all the states; 7) if any fugitive slave was not recovered because "violence or intimidation" their owner would be financially compensated by the federal government.
Yet these provisions did not satisfy James A. Seddon, a member from Virginia, the state that had called the Washington Convention to begin with. Seddon believed that the majority proposal was not sufficiently consistent with the Crittenden Compromise, which was supposed to form the basis for discussion by the convention. He also did not think it addressed how Virginia wanted the Crittenden Compromise to be changed to meet its additional concerns. "The propositions reported by the majority," Seddon wrote, "do not give, but materially weaken, the Crittenden propositions themselves, and fail to accord the [Virginia] modifications suggested."
So Seddon proposed the following changes to the majority report to bring them more in line with the Crittenden Compromise and Virginia's suggested changes to that compromise, particularly the latter. Among the significant alterations were: 1) Virginia as well as Maryland would have to consent to any emancipation of slaves in the District of Columbia and owners would have to be compensated (and even then slaveholders in government posts still would be permitted to bring their slaves with them to Washington, D.C.); 2) slave owners would be permitted free transit for their slaves through non-slaveholding states to other slave states; 3) Congress would have no power to tax directly slave property beyond tax levels on land; 4) where slave owners were unable to recover their slave because of "violence and intimidation" the federal government would be required to seek reimbursement from the jurisdiction involved for the fair-market value of the slave, plus any costs for the attempted recovery as well as interest; 5) jurisdictions forced to pay the federal government for fugitive slave recoveries thwarted through "violence and intimidation" would be required to sue the responsible parties to reimburse that expenditure; 6) voting or officeholding by persons of African descent in any state would be prohibited; 7) states would be free to secede from the Union in an orderly and lawful manner if they wished and be re-admitted later if two-thirds of the states agreed; 8) federal commissioners hearing fugitive slave cases would be compensated regardless of the decision they rendered (the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 paid commissioners a larger fee if they found an alleged fugitive was a slave); 9) forcing private citizens to join a posse comitatus to apprehend a fugitive slave would be limited to cases where "there shall be resistance, or danger of resistance or rescue."
Despite Seddon's last two provisions, designed to mollify the free states, his version of the proposed compromise provided much stronger protections for slavery than the majority report. Nonetheless, what united the majority and Seddon was a desire to protect slaveholders and slavery as an institution. And slavery clearly was the issue vexing "The Old Gentlemen's Convention," as the Washington gathering had come to be called, and the issue dividing the free and slave states in February 1861.
To read the original language of the proposals presented at the Washington Convention on February 15, 1861, see: Official Journal of the Conference Convention held at Washington City, February, 1861 (Washington, D.C.: M'Gill and Witherow, Printers, 1861), 22-28. This publication is available on Google Books.


text:
This flyer was designed to promote a music event, such as a lounge party, birthday bash, pop, techno, house, soul party or weekly event in a music club and other kind of special evenings. This poster can also be used for a band's new album promotion and other advertising purposes.
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I recently featured this strawberry huller and trigger ice cream scoop when I made my strawberry Ice cream cake. The Ice cream cake is delicious and simply delectable and perfect to enjoy whilst watching Wimbledon.You can get the recipe for my Strawberry and Dark Chocolate Ice cream cake here.
The strawberry huller and the ice cream scoop items were gifted to me by OXO and they have been really generous by agreeing to send one simplyfood reader a set of these so that they too use them in their kitchen.
This cute strawberry huller by OXO is simple to use and it makes the job fast and speedy. You simply push the blades into the top of the strawberry, with a twist and pull action it removes the green part and you can discard it easily using the release button.This gadget is easy to use and comes apart for cleaning.
The OXO Trigger ice cream scoop makes round balls of ice cream that can be easily transferred to a cone using a simple press lever avoiding any mess. The stainless steel ice cream scoop is easy to wash afterwards too.
The scoop makes serving ice cream easy and simple.
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As announced recently, the entertainment and communication apps on Xbox will not need the Xbox LIVE Gold subscription after an update rolls out in June 2014. That's good news because more customers will be able to enjoy those apps without having to fork out an extra $60 a year.
But what happens if you already paid the Xbox LIVE Gold subscription fees, which are usually paid on an annual basis? Well, per a recent FAQ on Xbox support site, good news awaits. After the June update rolls out, you can contact Xbox support and request a refund.
Will I be able to cancel my Gold membership?
Yes. Once the Xbox One and Xbox 360 system updates become available in June, Xbox Live Gold members who purchased a paid membership before that day can cancel and receive a pro-rata refund of any unused remaining days between the date of cancellation and the date their paid Gold membership ends. Cancellation and pro-rata refund requests must be made by August 31, 2014 and require six to eight weeks for processing. Free or trial Gold memberships are not eligible for a refund. To request your pro-rata refund, please click http://support.xbox.com/contact-us after the system updates become available in June.
So, it is good news for consumers not just that Microsoft is lifting the requirement of Xbox LIVE Gold but also that they taking care of those who bought the subscription prior to this change.
As a reminder, here's what the new structure will look like:
Are you a casual gamer or a non-gamer like me? Are you planning to cancel your Gold subscription once this feature rolls out? I have a concern that my refund won't go through because I bought Gold via a prepaid card I bought from Amazon.com. Fingers crossed, though. :-)


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Have you ever cried out to Him from the pits of despair,
only to feel that your prayers didn't go past the ceiling?
Has His ensuing silence perplexed you and left you feeling completely alone?
Have you ever felt like He is a million miles away...
and we passed a church sign with these familiar words,
"If God no longer feels close to you, who moved?"
I pondered it a moment, then I spoke.
"Did you see that sign?
I knew exactly what was going through Zach's mind.
"I don't wholeheartedly go along with that",
I replied.
Zach agreed.
He had just told me the night before that even though he has been seeking the Lord very earnestly and diligently, he hasn't "felt" God near to him lately.
I understand.
I've been there.
Many times over.
I don't feel God in the hard places.
Have you ever felt like crying those words?
I'll be completely transparent and tell you the truth...from the bottom of my heart.
there have been moments that I have.
There isn't time nor space to tell of them all, but two of those times were the moments, days, weeks, months, even years, following the death of both of my parents.
The circumstances surrounding their individual deaths were very different,
but my feelings of being God-forsaken were very much the same.
When Dad died in June of 2000, I was 11 1/2 weeks along in my pregnancy with Zach.
After many years of infertility struggles,
I was finally expecting the miracle baby for whom Kevin and I had longed and prayed.
Though Dad had several step-grandchildren, he had no biological grandchildren of his own.
I will never forget the tears of joy Dad cried when Kevin and I told him and Mom that we were going to have a baby.
He was SO happy.
Then, just a few weeks later, tragedy struck.
Dad had a massive heart attack, was hospitalized, and never returned back home.
To say I was shocked doesn't come close to expressing what it felt like.
I was devastated beyond words.
I could not believe Dad was really gone.
How could God justify taking him?
Especially then?
It felt so unfair to me....to Dad.
He would never live to see his one and only biological grandson.
I just couldn't find any sense in it at all,
other than to know that my dear Dad's many-years-long battle with physical suffering was finally over.
The months that followed contained some of the most bittersweet days of my life.
My feelings would soar, as I dreamed of holding the precious baby God was finally sending to us, and, just as quickly, they would plummet to the pits of despair as I felt I could not bear to go on without Dad.
I prayed so hard.
I sought after God.
Begged Him to help me through.
Granted, He did.
I am still here.
Still standing.
Still trusting Him with all my heart.
But, I'll tell you the truth, while it was happening, I did not feel His presence.
It felt like a deep, aching vacuum...completely devoid of the comfort of God.
It's odd how a lot of that span of time is erased from my memory now,
but Kevin speaks of how I cried myself to sleep every, single night.
It was the most hopeless-hopeful rollercoaster I've ever experienced.
Such conflicting emotions, and, through it all, a struggle to sense the presence of God.
Fast forward to April of 2012, immediately after the death of my dear mother.
Zach was 11 years old then and very attached to his Nana.
We had all prayed and begged God to heal her...to bring her through.
One. More. Time.
God's will was to end her suffering and take her home to be with Him...and Dad.
We finally accepted it as being His will, but did I feel God?
I was too consumed with grief to feel anything else.
To be honest, I think I was numb to anything other than sorrow.
I was in a very dark place for a very long time.
I felt void of hope.
Void of the blessing of God's presence.
Just void.
Even though we haven't felt His presence during the trial,
the indelible footprint of His having been there is left behind.
We never walk out of a trial the same way we walked into it.
God is there, in the shadows,
working on our character, proving whether or not we will keep our faith,
even when we cannot feel.
Even when we can't feel Him.
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oftentimes setting us free from the things that bind us.
Ribbon, stencils, and several other things are gone, but we still have some things left!)
Hurry on over, and take a look!