text: The Many Faces of Science: An Introduction to Scientists, Values, and Society By Leslie Stevenson, Henry Byerly No cover image The Many Faces of Science: An Introduction to Scientists, Values, and Society By Leslie Stevenson, Henry Byerly Read preview Synopsis The development of modern science and its increasing impact on our life and culture is one of the great stories of our time. Coming to understand that story and coming to terms with the institution of modern science should be an important part of the education of every student. In The Many Faces of Science, Leslie Stevenson and Henry Byerly masterfully and painlessly provide the basic information and the philosophical reflection students need to gain such understanding. Making good use of case study methods, the authors introduce us to dozens of figures from the history of science, highlighting both heroes and villains. Providing an elementary sketch of the development of science through the lives of its practitioners, Stevenson and Byerly bring the story alive through the examination of the often mixed motives of scientists, as well as the conflicting values people bring to science and to their perceptions of its impact on society. They also explore the relationship between scientific practice and political and economic power. Brief, accessible, and rich in anecdotes, personal asides, and keen insight, The Many Faces of Science is the ideal interdisciplinary introduction for nonscientists in courses on science studies, science and society, and science and human values. It will also prove useful as supplementary reading in courses on science in philosophy, sociology, and political science. Excerpt The initial idea for a book like this arose from Leslie Stevenson designing and teaching a small course-unit entitled "Uses and Misuses of Science" for students in the Faculty of Science in the University of St. Andrews in Scotland. A term's research leave in 1990 (thanks to the University of St. Andrews) enabled him to write a first draft of this book. This time was spent in Macquarrie University in Sydney, Australia, and thanks are due for hospitality and intellectual feedback there. However, with only part of his teaching and research time available for this project, L. S. found it difficult to bring it to completion single-handed.Meanwhile, Henry Byerly had for some years been teaching a course entitled "Science, Technology, and Values," as well as other courses in the history and philosophy of science, at the University of Arizona at Tucson. Spencer Carr of Westview Press put us in touch with each other, and we quickly found sufficient commonality of approach and complementarity of expertise for a jointly authored project to be attractive. We met for an intensive and stimulating two weeks' collaborative work in St. Andrews in 1993 and again in the somewhat warmer surroundings of Tucson in 1994 (aided by research and travel grants from the School of Philosophical and Anthropological Studies at St. Andrews).Our collaboration has extended over every section of the book. L. S. drafted about two-thirds of the case studies and philosophical discussion; H. B. added more case studies and historical material. But every sentence has been gone over by both of us (and has been put through several computer systems in the process!). We have thus achieved together something that neither of us would have done alone.Science shows many faces--it is the work of a great variety of heroic individuals and evolving scientific communities. Science and its works evoke hopes and fears, boundless admiration and deep loathing. In Science in a Free Society (1978), Paul Feyerabend asked sardonically, "What's so great about science?" (73). His challenge was to vindicate the supposed special authority of scientific method, an authority that makes its pronouncements more worthy of rational belief than those of other "traditions" such as religions, folklore, and cultural beliefs of any kind. He claimed that no good answer can be found. We are less pes- Related books and articles Books Journals Magazines Newspapers Encyclopedia Reading Natural Philosophy: Essays in the History and Philosophy of Science and Mathematics By David B. Malament Open Court, 2002 Read preview Overview The Scientific Adventure: Essays in the History and Philosophy of Science By Herbert Dingle Philosophical Library, 1953 Read preview Overview The History and Philosophy of Social Science By Scott Gordon Routledge, 1993 Read preview Overview PHILOSOPHY, RELIGION, AND SCIENCE: Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices By Pulcini, Theodore The Middle East Journal, Vol. 58, No. 4, Autumn 2004 PRPEER-REVIEWED PERIODICAL Peer-reviewed publications on Questia are publications containing articles which were subject to evaluation for accuracy and substance by professional peers of the article's author(s). Read preview Overview Philosophy, Religion, and Science: A History of Christian-Muslim Relations By Shepard, William The Middle East Journal, Vol. 56, No. 1, Winter 2002 PRPEER-REVIEWED PERIODICAL Peer-reviewed publications on Questia are publications containing articles which were subject to evaluation for accuracy and substance by professional peers of the article's author(s). Read preview Overview How In-Service Science Teachers Integrate History and Nature of Science in Elementary Science Courses By Hacieminoglu, Esme Kuram ve Uygulamada Egitim Bilimleri, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2014 Read preview Overview Why Study the History of Science, Medicine and Technology? Andrew Mendelsohn Outlines the Attractions of a Fast-Growing and Popular Field of Study. (MA Roundup 2003) By Mendelsohn, Andrew History Today, Vol. 53, No. 2, February 2003 Read preview Overview Expanded History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Database from RLG By Information Today, Vol. 17, No. 3, March 2000 Read preview Overview Expanded History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Database Available from RLG By Information Today, Vol. 17, No. 3, March 2000 Read preview Overview Why Size Makes All the Difference; A Wonderful Account of the Universe with the History of Science, Philosophy and Evolution Thrown In By Leith, William The Evening Standard (London, England), March 9, 2009 Read preview Overview Middle-Schoolers at SAGE Magnet in Sherman Oaks Learn Subjects from History to Science with a Social Justice Lens By Plachta, Ariella Daily News (Los Angeles, CA), October 23, 2019 Read preview Overview What Are We Thinking? the 6th International Philosophy, Science and Theology Festival Is Now Only a Few Weeks Away. It Starts on Saturday, June 27 and Finishes on Wednesday, July 1. the Patron of the Festival Is Howie Firth from Scotland. He Is the Author of This Week's Column By Daily Examiner (Grafton, Australia), May 16, 2009 Read preview Overview FREE! science The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2018 Read FREE! philosophy The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2018 Read FREE! museums of science The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2018 Read VIEW ALL RELATED BOOKS AND ARTICLES


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The Weekly Ketchup: Writers On Strike; Indy 4 Official Site; Hasbro Message To G.I. Joe Fans
November 9, 2007
Critical Consensus: Night Doesn't Shine, Rendition Unextraordinary, Gone Baby Gone is Certified Fresh
October 18, 2007
The Weekly Ketchup: Dunst Forgives Self For Bad Acting, Downey Reflects On "Iron Man," New "Magneto" Director, And More!
May 4, 2007
Critical Consensus: "Black Dahlia" Wilts; "Gridiron Gang" Fumbles; "Last Kiss" Just Like the First; "Everyone's Hero" Not
September 14, 2006
The Irishman, Once Upon A Time In Hollywood Lead 2020 Critics' Choice Awards Nominations
December 8, 2019

subset: commoncrawl


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October 16, 2019
Dartmouth College
Neukom Institute Literary Arts Award Dinner and Panel
(Past Events)
March 22, 2018
Public Library Association Conference (PLA)
Philadelphia, PA
Best in Debut Authors
April 19, 2018
New York University
New York, NY
"How To Publish Your First Book" panel
May 18, 2018
SFWA Nebula Conference
Pittsburgh, PA
"How to Navigate Being an Emerging Author" panel
June 5, 2018
Changing Hands Bookstore
Phoenix, AZ
Book Launch!
June 7, 2018
powerHouse Arena
Brooklyn, NY
Book Launch!
In conversation with Linnea Hartsuyker
June 8, 2018
Poisoned Pen Bookstore
Phoenix, AZ
Book Signing
In conversation with Laurie R. King
June 12, 2018
Galactic Philadelphia Reading Series
Philadelphia, PA
June Reading
July 13, 2018
ThrillerFest XIII
New York, NY
Book signing
July 29, 2018
Poisoned Pen Bookstore
Scottsdale, AZ
Conversation: Linwood Barclay signs "A Noise Downstairs"
August 10—12, 2018
Dallas, TX
August 16—20, 2018
San Jose, CA
February 7, 2019
New York University
New York, NY
"The Book of M" reading
February 20, 2019
KGB Fantastic Fiction
New York, NY
"The Book of M" reading
March 2, 2019
Tucson Book Festival
Tucson, AZ
See panels here
March 16, 2019
Colorado Book Festival
Denver, CO
Keynote Speaker
April 3, 2019
Strand Book Store
New York, NY
In conversation with Arkady Martine
April 4, 2018
57th Street Books
Chicago, IL
In conversation with Caitlin Starling
April 13, 2019
Borderlands Books
San Francisco, CA
In conversation with Mike Chen
April 13, 2019
Writers with Drinks
San Francisco, CA
With Saskia Vogel, Arkady Martine, Michelle Cruz Gonzales, Mike Chen, and Susannah Breslin
May 16-19, 2019
SFWA Nebula Conference
Los Angeles, CA
Panel and signing information here
August 15-19, 2019
WorldCon 77
Dublin, Ireland
September 7, 2019
Slice Literary Conference
Brooklyn, NY
"Anywhere But Here: Building Worlds in Fiction" Panel


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Hippoposterous Print
$ 40.00
This is a tiny hippo in a bowl of Froot Loops. Or is it a normal-sized hippo in a giant bowl of Froot Loops? Either way, it's preposterous.
Most serious people don't have time for the preposterous. They have much more important things to concern themselves with.
Of course they are also riddled with Adultitis, make terrible leaders, and never change the world.
Consider the smartphone: a device in which you can look up any fact in the world. Or talk to your friend on the other side of the planet via video. And you can use it to order 100 melon ballers that will arrive at your door by tomorrow. Think of everything that makes it work: Microchips. The internet. WiFi. Facial recognition. Speech recognition. Rechargeable battery.
Now, imagine having to explain all this stuff to your great grandparents. To them, it would be something out of the Jetsons or Star Trek. But now it's just an ordinary, normal thing.
What about some of the problems you're trying to solve? They may seem preposterous. But many things that started out as preposterous eventually become rather obvious.
Remember, there once was a time when a stapler was a fancy piece of office equipment.
product details
This colorful artwork by Jason Kotecki comes in a variety of sizes.
11"x14" Matted Print. Each museum quality print is made on thick, archival, acid-free matte paper. Finished with a white mat, it will easily fit into any standard 16"x20" frame. Printed in America.
11"x14" Framed Print. You can also let us take care of the framing for you! Choose a luxurious white or black natural wood frame that features a smooth finish over a stately and curvaceous crown profile. It includes a glass-like 1/16" thick clear acrylic glazing, which is shatter resistant and half the weight of glass, but gives the same clarity as glass and protects the artwork from fading.
16"x20" and 24"x30" Canvas Prints. The fade-resistant canvas print is sure to make a statement in any space. It's a 20.5 mil-thick poly-cotton blend canvas hand-stretched on solid wood stretcher bars with a matte finish coating. Made in the USA.
20"x20" Original Painting. Available here.


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Average Cost: $$$ - $$$$
Website: View Website
View all listings by The Leo House
The Leo House - "A Catholic Guesthouse for Travelers"EST. 1889 | 332 West 23rd Street New York, NY 10011Centrally located in Manhattan, The Leo House is a quiet, not-for-profit, Catholic Christian guesthouse with an old world charm. It is the only Catholic guesthouse of it's kind in the United States and offers a private onsite chapel. We provide Christian hospitality to travelers of all races and religions, both foreign and domestic. The dedicated staff includes the Sisters of St. Agnes and lay people. We offer single and double rooms with private or shared baths (all rooms have a sink and toilet). All rooms are equipped with wifi, color cable TV, telephones and an in-room safe. A wonderful complementary buffet style breakfast is served every day except Sunday (7:00 am to 10:00 am). The trendy Chelsea neighborhood offers a wide variety of entertainment, reasonably priced restaurants and is in walking distance to Broadway's theater district, Madison Square Garden and the Fashion District. Transportation to many other tourist attractions, such as Greenwich Village, Little Italy and Chinatown, is within a half a block walking distance to the subway or bus. You can make future reservations directly through our website at leohousenyc.com, by telephone, fax, or by e-mail. We accept Visa and MasterCard only- no cash, travelers checks, personal checks or money orders. Book early to reserve your space.Send reservation requests to: firstname.lastname@example.com
Average Cost: $$$ - $$$$
Please note: We accept Mastercard and Visa only as methods of payment.New Rooms Rates effective for November 1st 2016: • Single Beds - full bathroom $170, half bathroom $155 • Deluxe Single – full bathroom $225 • Double Bed – full bathroom $190, half bathroom $175 • Deluxe Double – full bathroom $235 • Twin beds –full bathroom $190, half bathroom $180 • Deluxe Family Suite for 4 – full bathroom $260 • Deluxe Famliy Suite for 6 - full bathroom $380
Environment: Urban
Special Needs: Wheelchair Access
Restrictions: No Smoking
Language: English, German, Portuguese, Spanish
Room Types: B&B, Hotel
Children OK: Yes!
Meal Availability: Available Nearby, Available On Site, Kitchen - Private, Provided - Some Meals
Reservation Criteria: Please note that The Leo House provides GENERAL HOSPITALITY, rather than accommodations specifically for retreats.Three nights minimum is requested and booking well in advance is highly recommended and appreciated. Visa and Mastercard only (no cash). Please contact us for our cancellation policy.WIFI and a business center is available.
Phone: 212-929-1010 ext. 219
View Retreat Website
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The Leo House
332 W 23rd StNew York, NY 10011United States
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wiki DSAA design graphique Marseille
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
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|Founded in 1998, the Journal of Different Investments is the official publication of the CAIA Association. With a choose set of purchasers, our staff customizes solutions to every client's distinctive state of affairs and desires. We will supply various investments as part of a complete plan answer ( see our OCIO capabilities ), as a separate mandate for one or a number of different asset classes, or as part of a commingled providing to provide purchasers with diversified exposures at smaller commitment sizes.
|(Image: [[https://d2kk6b9ui4akzl.cloudfront.net/media/catalog/product/cache/small_image/240x300/beff4985b56e3afdbeabfc89641a4582/9/7/9781681884332.jpg|https://d2kk6b9ui4akzl.cloudfront.net/media/catalog/product/cache/small_image/240x300/beff4985b56e3afdbeabfc89641a4582/9/7/9781681884332.jpg]])Most extremely-high internet price individuals' (UHNI) portfolios usually contain alternative investment products like market-linked debentures, real estate funds, non-public fairness (PE) funds, and so on. Wealth administration firms sell these merchandise to traders, marketing them as unique devices that are available only to a select few. Additionally they inform investors that these different merchandise have the potential to present [[http://www.hometalk.com/search/posts?filter=increased%20returns|increased returns]] and will assist in portfolio diversification.
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|Every investor's state of affairs is exclusive and it is best to think about your funding targets, risk tolerance and time horizon before making any funding. There isn't any assurance that any investment will meet its investment goals or that substantial losses can be averted. Diversification and asset allocation don't ensure a revenue or defend in opposition to a loss.


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New Beginning Trailer, a Brand-New AiG Short Film
Ark Encounter now features a brand new 2,500 seat auditorium. Sit in comfort and watch the new short film "New Beginning." This stirring, historical drama looks at the biblical account of Noah's flood from the viewpoint of Shem's wife. Through her eyes, the flood becomes more real. This option is included with your summer trip. The time to sign up is running out. Reserve your seats today for this life changing trip! Call 717.285.2000.
Our hard-working and very talented A/V and media crews are very excited to give you a sneak peek of our brand-new short film, New Beginning. This touching fi...


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Effect of Know-Want-Learn (KWL) Differentiation and Jigsaw Cooperative Learning Strategies on Students' Performance in Social Studies (Published)
The study investigated effects of Know-Want-Learn (KWL) differentiation and Jigsaw Cooperative Learning (JCL) strategies on the performance of Social Studies students at the Junior Secondary School (JSS) level in Port Harcourt Local Government Area of Rivers State. Two research questions and two corresponding hypotheses guided. The study adopted the quasi-experimental pre-test post-test control group design. The study involved three groups. Two experimental groups (Know-Want-Learn (KWL) differentiation learning strategy and Jigsaw Cooperative Learning (JCL) strategy) and a control group taught with traditional learning strategy. The sample consisted of 177 (90 male students and 87 female students) Junior Secondary School II (JSS II) students drawn from three Government Co-educational Secondary Schools. A 25 multiple choice test items, title "Social Studies Achievement Test (SOSAT)" developed by the researchers which covers two topics: Meaning and Consequences of Drug Abuse and Harmful Substances, and Dangers of Drug Trafficking in the Junior Secondary School II Social Studies Curriculum Scheme of Work was the research instrument. The instrument was validated and had reliability coefficient of 0.84 via Kuder Richardson (KR-21) for a measure of its internal consistency. The relevant data gathered were analyzed with mean, standard deviation, graphical plot associated with Analysis of Co-variance (ANCOVA). The findings of the study showed that Know-Want-Learn (KWL) differentiation and Jigsaw Cooperative Learning (JCL) strategies could improve the performance of junior secondary school students in Social Studies. However, the interaction effect of Know-Want-Learn (KWL) differentiation, Jigsaw Cooperative Learning (JCL) strategies and gender on students' performance in Social Studies was not significant. Hence, it was recommended among others that teacher training workshops should be organized and sustained for Social Studies teachers across the country, exposing them to innovative strategies that encourage active learning and teaching for the 21st century learner and teacher.
Keywords: Differentiation, Jigsaw Cooperative Learning (JCL) Social Studies, Know-Want-Learn (KWL), Port Harcourt LGA.
Differentiating the ESL Reading Comprehension Classroom for Inclusive Education (Published)
There is a growing need today for teachers to tailor their instructions to meet the different learner profile and learning styles in the classroom. The ESL teacher has greater challenges given that the English language has become a global language, and that most ESL classrooms include students with a wide variety of academic needs, cultural backgrounds, learning styles, and languages. Differentiated instruction is the panacea to cater for all these challenges faced by the ESL teacher in this globalized era. In a differentiated classroom, the teacher closely assesses and monitors skills, knowledge levels and interests to determine effective ways for all students to learn; thereby ensuring learner-centredness, equity and inclusive education. This paper explores how content, method, material and assessment can be differentiated in a Reading Comprehension English as a Second Language class. The issues in this paper are based on the social development theory as propounded by Vygotsky (1978)
Keywords: Differentiation, ESL, Inclusive Education, Reading Comprehension
GENERIC STRATEGIES EMPLOYED BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE FIRMS IN KENYA AND THEIR EFFECTS ON SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE (Published)
The focus of this study was on competitive strategies that firms adopt in the Kenya beverage industry in order to create above average performance. The fundamental basis of above industry performance is sustainable competitive advantage which is either created by low cost or differentiation strategy. The study aimed at establishing the generic strategies food and beverage firms in Kenya employ for sustainable competitive advantage. This research entailed a descriptive study design. Descriptive design uses a set of scientific methods to collect raw data and create data structures that are used to describe the existing characteristics of a defined target population. This study sought to do that among the F & B firms in Kenya. The study population consisted of 138 food and beverage manufacturing firms in Kenya registered with the Kenya Association of Manufacturers (KAM) by 2011. The data was tested for central tendency and dispersion after confirmation of normal distribution by appropriate tests of normality. Since the sample size was 32 (over the minimum 30 required for statistical analysis), regression analysis was carried out and interpretation of results of tests of hypothesis done. The research showed that 56.2 percent of the firms embrace duo strategies of cost leadership and differentiation simultaneously while 25 percent were exclusively on cost leadership and 18.8 percent were exclusively using differentiation. The use of dual strategies is a company survival tactic in terms of diversification of risks especially in very competitive environments like that of the Kenyan F&B industry. Results from Pearson's rank correlation coefficient between the dependent variable Y and the independent variables X1 and X2 gave coefficients of 0.653 and 0.279 respectively which was an indication of positive correlation.
Keywords: Competitive Advantage, Cost Leadership, Differentiation, Generic Strategies


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Are internet dating sites a waste of time
Why online dating is waste of time | Daily Mail Online
One man delves into why the online dating industry, and sites like Tinder everyone's looking for love online but are they wasting their time?. Do online dating websites work? Okay, it's time to have an open and frank discussion about the battle of the sexes and the dating game. It's far too complex, . If you live in the West, the percentage of people who are married is right about fifty percent. That means that even if we start at the most handsome and work or.
Unfortunately, the reality is nowhere near that fantasy.
Are dating sites a waste of time? - The Student Room
To get some insight into what women go through on these dating websites, I pulled aside one of my family members who I knew had spent some time on these sites looking for her future spouse. By the time of this interview, she had already given up and moved on, finally discovering her future husband while visiting old friends at her alma mater.
Her responses completely surprised me. What year did you sign up with an online dating website and how long did you keep your account?
Why online dating is waste of time | Daily Mail Online
I was active on the account for a week…if that. What were the majority of messages that you received from guys like? Use these tips to have the perfect selection of profile photos in no time.
Actually, now that I think about it, that was how most of the messages I got started. That was one of the main reasons I called it quits. I am getting terribly uncomfortable just thinking about it. Did you get ANY messages from guys that seemed nice at all? Worth meeting up with? No, but the creepy messages most likely ruined it for any decent guys that might be around.
Those messages made me run far, far away from online dating.
Personally, I think there is so much more to be gained from talking with someone face to face — you are able to read their body language and listen to intonation in their voice, which are much better indicators than online messages or profiles. But there are still many good dating websites out there.
Here's a wide selection of the free online relationship websites out there. Read More can be at all useful for girls? I know people who have had great successes with online dating! If there are guys looking to actually get the attention of a girl on these dating sites, do you have any advice for them?
Do your best not to be a creep.
- Why online dating is waste of time
- Online Dating is a Waste of Time for 99% of Men (Do This Instead)
- Popular Topics
Remember that a simple message can go a long way. How did you eventually end up meeting the guy you ended up marrying? We lived across the hall from each other our first year of university. We became good friends first and we only started dating 2 years later. That was mostly because I transferred schools, but because we became friends first, we had a connection that drew us back together for a chance at something more. What we found out was that we had much, much more than friendship in store for us.
Online Dating Is Frustrating for Men Being a nice guy is probably the worst thing to be when it comes to online dating. You are a little more than collateral damage, as the large majority of guys slather, drool and stomp their way through the crowds, scaring off most of the nice girls that arrive on these sites, as evidenced by the interview above.
This experience is best exemplified by my close friend who I will call Eric. Eric has been using a couple of online dating websites off and on for the past year, with very little success. In fact, the older you get, the more interesting your shelf is likely to become and the harder it is to be coaxed off. And we are extending our own shelf-life everyday by staying fitter, healthier and more attractive for longer.
Women are no longer crying into their Chardonnay.
Why online dating is waste of time
Singles are more likely to be playing capoeira; dining at secret supper clubs; running with the Good Gym or digging up their home-grown kale. Which is why dating is such a problem. Why would you want to spend an excruciating hour getting to know a complete stranger when you could be enjoying ukulele karaoke with your mates or learning to make gin? Today in Britain one in five heterosexual couples met online and a whopping 70 per cent of homosexual couples found their partner via the web. New research is suggesting there could be very real problems with internet dating.
Michigan State University found that married couples who met online are three times more likely to divorce than those who met face to face. And online daters are 28 per cent more likely to split from their partners within the first year. Even the CEO of Match admits that online dating cycles are shorter because people are more willing to leave unsatisfying relationships. In that way, sexual attraction is similar to hunger.
And the chances of opposites attracting? In other words you are looking for a clone. In fact, the most compatible partner genetically would be the one who is the least like you.


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Hungering For Jesus Series
Contributed by Pat Damiani on Oct 4, 2011 (message contributor)
Summary: The purpose of Biblical fasting is to satisfy our hunger for God.
This morning we're going to address a topic that frankly doesn't get as much attention in the church as it does in the outside world around us. Fasting has actually become quite popular in our culture, primarily for physical reasons like weight loss and health. In fact, this week I went to Amazon.com and found these books among the ten most popular books on fasting:
• Fasting and Eating for Health: A Medical Doctor's Program for Conquering Disease
• The Miracle of Fasting: Proven Throughout History for Physical, Mental, & Spiritual Rejuvenation.
Here is how the product description for that book reads:
This book is a must read for those seeking to cleanse and detoxify their body and to gain spiritual energy and live a longer, healthier life.
• The No Breakfast Plan and the Fasting-Cure
• Juice Fasting and Detoxification: Use the Healing Power of Fresh Juice to Feel Young and Look Great
We also know that those involved in the many forms of eastern mysticism are very committed to fasting as a means of receiving mystical revelation. The disciples of Buddha fast as a means of freeing their minds in order to receive enlightenment – although I will have to say that it doesn't appear that Buddha himself engaged in the practice of fasting all that often.
Even though, as we'll see this morning, the Bible does have quite a bit to say regarding fasting, it seems that in general it is a topic that doesn't receive a lot of attention in the church. And unfortunately, even when it is addressed in the church, there seem to be a lot of misconceptions about the purpose of fasting. In fact, the top selling book on Amazon, which claims to present a Biblical view of fasting, is described like this:
…[the author] explains the spiritual power of fasting and offers a deeper understanding of God's plan for fasting and the benefits available to those who participate. The book contains inspiring and practical information that readers need to know in order to access the power of biblical fasting. Those who seek God through fasting can expect tremendous rewards for their personal lives as well as for the church. They will see breakthroughs in many areas such as healing, finances, unhealthy dependencies and family relationships. This book also gives stories of those who have reaped miraculous rewards from this simple act of faith.
Since I haven't read the book myself, I'm not going to mention the name of the book or even the author, but what I do know is that the description of the book does give me some serious concerns about what the author is teaching in his book. Although there is a brief mention of "seeking God", the emphasis is clearly on what the person who practices fasting can expect to get for himself or herself – thus the focus on power, benefits, rewards, and breakthroughs. But, at least from my perspective, that is exactly what Jesus is warning against in the passage that we'll examine this morning. So go ahead and open your Bibles to Matthew 6 and follow along as I read just three verses this morning, beginning in verse 16:
16 "And when you fast, do not look gloomy like the hypocrites, for they disfigure their faces that their fasting may be seen by others. Truly, I say to you, they have received their reward. 17 But when you fast, anoint your head and wash your face, 18 that your fasting may not be seen by others but by your Father who is in secret. And your Father who sees in secret will reward you.
Matthew 6:16-18 (ESV)
As we'll discover this morning, the practice of fasting is very Biblical. In fact, we've already seen that Jesus engaged in that practice Himself while He was in the wilderness for 40 days. But like so many Biblical practices, by the time of Jesus, the practice of fasting had been perverted greatly by the Jewish religious leaders.
According to the Talmud, these religious leaders fasted twice a week – on Monday and Thursday. They claimed to have picked those particular days because Moses went up the mountain to receive the law on the fifth day of the week – Thursday – and he came down from the mountain with the law on the second day of the week – Monday.
In Jerusalem, those two days just happened to also be market days. On those days, the people from the surrounding areas would come to the markets there in Jerusalem. So those days, when the city was teeming with the most people were an opportune time for the religious leaders to display their piety. We see that confirmed in the words of the Pharisee in the parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector that we have referred to several times in recent weeks:
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A Look Back: Fixing Our Streets fixes SW Main Street, a gateway to downtown Portland
Transforming a street for the 21st CenturyRead More…
Phone: 503-823-5185
Fax: 503-823-7576
1120 SW Fifth Ave, Suite 800, Portland, OR 97204
Media Relations
Public Information Officer
SE 136th Avenue Paving and Sidewalks to Opportunity project will provide a smooth street and improve access for people walking and biking in East Portland
(Feb. 5, 2019) Portland's largest Fixing Our Streets project is focused on pavement rehabilitation on SE 136th Avenue between SE Division Street and SE Foster Road. This project combines $4 million of investments from Fixing Our Streets to repave SE 136th Avenue and is leveraging an additional $2.7 million of Transportation System Development Charges (TSDCs) to build new sidewalks and curb ramps along the corridor. The project will also include over 50 new street trees, stormwater and street lighting improvements, and new crosswalks to improve access to two transit lines serving SE 136th Avenue.
PBOT is also providing opportunities for residents to help shape the future of this street. Residents will have the opportunity to have trees planted on their property and to provide input on the type of trees that are planted. We encourage property owners on the west side of SE 136th Avenue to tell us more about their frontage using our online form.
SE 136th Avenue is a primary Safe Routes to School route and a major city bikeway. The biking and walking enhancements on SE 136th Avenue will help connect families to new bicycle infrastructure on SE Division Street and SE Powell Boulevard. Children will be able to walk more safely to Gilbert Park and Gilbert Heights elementary schools located nearby SE 136th Avenue.
Other areas that will gain improved walking and biking access as a result of this project include: Powell Butte Nature Park, Gilbert Hydro Park, Gilbert Primary Park, Leach Botanical Garden, Zenger Farm, Lincoln Park, Lincoln Park Elementary School, Gates Park, Gilbert Heights Park, Kingsley D. Bundy Park, Arthur Academy and David Douglas High School.
PBOT invites residents living on or near SE 136th Avenue and who are interested in this project to attend our community open house:
For more information visit our project website at www.PortlandOregon.gov/Transportation/136th
A message from the Office of Mayor Ted Wheeler
Here's What You Need To Know About Winter Weather This Weekend
(Feb. 8, 2019) The National Weather Service recently issued a Winter Storm Warning for the Portland metro area, with the potential for accumulating snow beginning Friday evening and continuing into Saturday. A second system with significant snow accumulation is expected to arrive Sunday night and will continue into the work week. Here's what you need to know:
Winter weather resources to consider sharing through social media in the coming days:
Forecasts showing significant snow accumulation, as well as sub-freezing temperatures, mean severe weather shelters will again reopen in Multnomah County on Friday night, Feb. 8.
Severe weather shelters do not require identification or any other documentation.
No one seeking shelter during severe weather will be turned away — and more sites will open as needed. The Joint Office will continue to monitor forecasts and escalate the response to weather conditions as needed over the coming days.
Go to 211info.org or call 211 for the latest information on which shelters are open, and when, and to coordinate transport for anyone who needs shelter but does not have a way to get there. Families with children should contact 211 directly to access and arrange transport as needed to severe weather shelters.
Urgently, service providers and the Joint Office are continuing their call for community donations of life-saving winter gear — particularly before this evening, when snow is expected to begin accumulating.
Because this season was mild up to this point, service providers say they haven't been receiving their usual amount of donated supplies, which help outreach workers keep people warm and dry night after night.
Please visit 211info.org/donations to see a specific list of winter gear and where it can be dropped off. Providers also have an online shopping list to make donating more convenient, which means anyone can donate over the weekend, even if snow and ice have made roads difficult to traverse. Items ordered online can be delivered directly to JOIN, 1435 NE 81st Ave., Suite 100, Portland, OR, 97213.
JOIN is also taking donations in person at that address. Transition Projects, at 665 NW Hoyt in downtown Portland, is also accepting in-person donations 24/7 and will bundle and share those items with other providers as needed.
The following items are needed:
If you see someone whose life appears to be in danger or is in an apparent medical crisis, please call 911.
Otherwise, if you see someone with whom you are concerned, such as not being dressed for the weather conditions, call 911. In this weather, not being properly dressed could be a life or death situation.
To help someone find shelter and arrange transportation to shelter, please call 211. You will need to speak with the person you're calling for to obtain their consent and spend a few minutes with them while 211 confirms a ride is on the way.
Multnomah County offers mental health crisis resources, at any hour, for anyone experiencing a crisis. Mental health clinicians can provide direct phone assistance to individuals experiencing a mental-health crisis including: escalated symptoms of agitation, anxiety, depression, psychosis, dangerous to self or others, substance use, etc. Call (503) 988-4888 or visit the Multnomah County Mental Health Crisis Intervention website for more information.
During severe winter weather, the collection of garbage, recycling and compost roll carts may be postponed for Portland's single-family homes and smallplexes up to 4 units. Portland's franchised garbage and recycling companies will prioritize curbside collection in the following order: 1) garbage, 2) recycling, 3) compost. If there's snow or ice accumulation on collection day, please leave roll carts at the curb—your carts will be emptied when it is safe to do so. Garbage and recycling companies will make every effort to empty roll carts before the customer's next scheduled collection day. Visit www.garbagedayreminders.com to sign up for email reminders and service alerts.
The Homelessness and Urban Camping Impact Reduction Program teams are conducting welfare checks, assisting folks with any trash that needs to be removed, distributing clear plastic bags so people can keep their property dry, and distributing hand warmers. Posting and campsite cleanups have been suspended, and people experiencing homelessness are being urged to seek shelter.
Portland Parks & Recreation will post any cancellations or other changes due to weather on the bureau's Inclement Weather page, portlandoregon.gov/parks/weather.
The Portland Bureau of Emergency Management (PBEM) is currently in "enhanced operations" and is actively monitoring the weather situation. PBEM is ready to activate Portland's Emergency Coordination Center this weekend if necessary to support the weather response.
The Portland Bureau of Emergency Communications is encouraging the public to call 911 if they see anyone unsheltered whose life appears to be in danger, is in an apparent medical crisis, or does not seem dressed for the weather conditions.
Environmental Services operates the City of Portland's Columbia Boulevard Wastewater Treatment Plant 24/7 year-round, regardless of weather. Staff are gearing up to manage additional volumes when the snow comes, and especially when it melts, and gets funneled through the City's combined sewer and stormwater pipes for treatment.
Portland Water crews are on standby to respond to water mains that can burst in cold weather. If you see water running from streets or sidewalks, please call our 24-hour Emergency Line at 503-823-4874. It's also important that you take steps to protect your home plumbing from the freezing temperatures. Get information on how to safeguard your home plumbing and what to do if pipes freeze by visiting the Portland Water winter prep website at www.portlandoregon.gov/water/winterprep.
The cold weather has prompted the City to turn off the Benson Bubbler drinking fountains due to the cold and wind. When the two elements combine, they can create a hazardous icy patch around the bubblers. Three Bubblers will be left on for use by those depending on them as a drinking water source. A list of the active Bubblers is available at the website www.portlandoregon.gov/water/bensonbubblers.
PBOT's Maintenance Operations has gone into Incident Command System (ICS) mode. We are treating all anti-icing routes. We are watching the forecast and will adjust our response accordingly, including plowing and salting city streets.
PBOT advises the public to be aware of forecasts, use caution, delay your travel to avoid traveling during forecast snow or ice. Consider public transit, and check trimet.org/alerts and portlandstreetcar.org for service alerts before you go.
Property owners, tenants, and businesses are responsible for clearing sidewalks of snow and ice. It is important that sidewalks are clear so that people who are walking to transit and people with disabilities can move about safely.
In icy conditions, PBOT strongly advises delaying travel if possible. If people must travel, PBOT recommends taking public transit.
PBOT works to keep vital transit lines and emergency routes open in winter weather. These priority snow and ice routes are the most critical for our city's police and fire stations, hospitals, schools, frequent bus routes, the downtown core, and major business districts -- about a third of our entire street grid. PBOT's mission is to provide at least one passable lane in each direction on these priority routes so that vehicles with front-wheel drive or traction devices can get through. In a major snowfall, it can take our crews up to 12 hours to cover these priority routes once.
Please give PBOT crews time and space to do their work in winter weather. Our crews drive equipment in low visibility and extreme weather. DO NOT cut in front of them or try and pass them at any time. Even if they are going slow, you will find the road much clearer and safer behind a snowplow than in front!
Don't assume you know what their job is. Our crews perform multiple jobs with their trucks, not just plowing. If you see a truck with its plow up, they may be travelling between points on their route, refueling, responding to an emergency or otherwise doing tasks to keep the city moving during winter weather. Watch PBOT's video about safety around snowplows here: https://youtu.be/czMfzgnapBY
Portland Fire & Rescue's Emergency Operations Division is ready to respond to emergencies with the expectation that road conditions will be hazardous. Fire engines and trucks are equipped with traction devices and will be constantly monitoring road conditions in their response areas. Firefighters are also being asked to monitor their response areas for individuals vulnerable to the expected severe weather and coordinate transport for those individuals to a shelter. PF&R will also have community outreach teams who are ready to respond help with finding these vulnerable individuals and will be used at the discretion of the Bureau of Emergency management.
We are asking the public to join us. If you see people out on the streets or in a park or anywhere that needs help let us know use the non-emergency line, use 211, use 911. If they look like they are not prepared for the coming weather let us know. If the threat looks immediate, call 911. This could be a matter of life or death.
Portland Police Officers will be out responding to 911 calls, which may include individuals needing transport to shelters, crashes, and road closures as well as emergencies. We are asking drivers to be aware of and obey all road closures. PPB will continue working with City partners to coordinate responses to the inclement weather in the coming days.
The City of Portland is committed to providing meaningful access. To request translation, interpretation, modifications, accommodations, or other auxiliary aids or services, contact 503-823-1125, Relay: 711.
(503) 823-1125: 口笔译服务| Chiaku me Awewen Kapas | अनुवादन तथा व्याख्या |Устный и письменный перевод | Turjumaad iyo Fasiraad | Traducción e Interpretación | Письмовий і усний переклад | Biên Dịch và Thông Dịch |
(Feb. 11, 2019) The National Weather Service has notified the Portland Bureau of Transportation (PBOT) of the potential for accumulating snow of a trace or up to 2 inches at low elevation areas, beginning after midnight tonight through 5 a.m. Tuesday morning. Areas at 500 feet or higher have the highest chance of snow and could have greater accumulation. Conditions will likely vary across the city.
If conditions do not produce snow, they could instead generate heavy rainfall that produces street flooding and potentially impacting the Johnson Creek area near Foster Road in Southeast Portland.
More winter weather, with the possibility of additional snow accumulation, is expected later this week.
PBOT advises the public to be aware of forecasts, use caution, delay your travel to avoid traveling during forecast snow or ice. Consider public transit, and check trimet.org/alerts and portlandstreetcar.org for service alerts before you go.
There is potential for flooding near Johnson Creek to impact travel on Johnson Creek Blvd. and Foster Road overnight tonight through Tuesday morning.
The City of Portland continues to monitor the forecast and flood gauges. While we expect minor street flooding because of heavy rain in the area, we do not expect streets to be flooded by the creek. Flooding could affect some low-lying areas along the creek where homeless individuals camp and some private properties in the area.
The Sycamore Gauge on Johnson Creek near 152nd Avenue and Foster Road reached 5.5 feet, as of about noon today. When the guage reaches 11 feet it is considered flood stage, when the creek overtops its banks in some places.
As of Monday afternoon, the gauge is forecast to reach anywhere from 10 feet to more than 11 feet on Tuesday morning, and recede quickly. The flooding threat is expected to be reduced within a few hours. Monitor the website for the guage for the latest forecast: Bit.ly/JCreekgauge
The bureaus of Transportation (PBOT), Parks & Recreation, Emergency Management (PBEM), Environmental Services (BES) and the Portland-Multnomah County Joint Office on Homelessness are working together, with support from 211info, to warn residents, businesses and property owners along Johnson Creek that of the potential for flooding overnight.
Today, as a precaution, Portland Parks & Recreation park rangers joined area social service providers to do outreach. Rangers and social service staff contacted people experiencing homelessness - near areas along Johnson Creek that are likely to flood – and issued warnings about the potential dangers of tonight's rain and possible flooding.
The Joint Office of Homeless Services is working with shelter providers to identify available shelter beds for individuals displaced due to the flooding. Individuals seeking additional information about the flooding risk and available shelter should call 211info. (Dial 2-1-1 or visit the website, www.211info.org.)
To help residents and business owners prepare for a flood emergency, sand and sandbags are available at no charge to anyone who wants to use them to protect their property from flood damage. PBOT crews keep the sites stocked with sand and sand bags. No shovels are provided, so the public must bring their own.
Sandbag locations are:
In the event that streets are closed, PBOT asks the traveling public to obey all road closed signs. Do not move them or drive around them. The roads have been closed because of hazardous conditions. If drivers ignore the signs, they are potentially putting themselves, other travelers and PBOT crews at risk.
To report downed trees or street flooding that are causing a hazard and covering a travel lane, call PBOT's maintenance dispatch at 503-823-1700.
The Portland Bureau of Transportation (PBOT) is the steward of the City's transportation system, and a community partner in shaping a livable city. We plan, build, manage and maintain an effective and safe transportation system that provides access and mobility. Learn more at www.portlandoregon.gov/transportation
The Halsey-Weidler Streetscape Project and multiple other transportation improvements to bring safety, accessibility to the neighborhood in the coming year
(Feb. 21, 2019) The Portland Bureau of Transportation's (PBOT) Interim Director Chris Warner, along with members of the Gateway Regional Center community, gathered today to celebrate the start of an area-wide series of transportation projects that will transform the neighborhood in the coming year.
You can already see progress on NE Halsey Boulevard and NE Weidler Street, where the Halsey-Weidler Streetscape Project is underway. This project focuses on providing safer crossings and a more comfortable experience for pedestrians at key intersections throughout the business corridor. This is done by extending the curb, marking new crosswalks, adding rapid flashing beacons, and providing better lighting. This project also upgrades the experience of people biking along Halsey and Weidler, adding new parking-protected bike lanes that are separated from vehicle travel lanes. It will also provide more on-street parking.
The Halsey-Weidler Streetscape Project is bookended by special features that will create opportunities in the neighborhood for community placemaking. The first of these features is a "festival street" on NE 103rd Avenue between NE Halsey and Clackamas streets. The second is a public plaza in the area known as the East Entry Triangle, bordered by NE 112th Avenue, Halsey and Weidler. Further enhancements include new streetlights with their own unique design, as well as wider sidewalk space to allow for more trash cans, benches, bicycle racks, and other street furniture.
The $5.5 million streetscape project is funded by PBOT's Fixing Our Streets program, Prosper Portland, Transportation System Development Charges, and the Portland Bureau of Environmental Services' "% for Green" program.
"We're at the beginning of some major transportation transformations in the Gateway area and there is a lot to look forward to," said PBOT Interim Director Chris Warner. "The improvements coming to the neighborhood will make it easier for everyone to safely walk, bike, drive and take transit to local businesses, parks and schools."
"The new streetscape is yet another win for East Portland and Gateway," said Nidal Kahl, President of the Gateway Area Business Association. "After 5 years of collaboration between community and business leaders with all the city bureaus, Gateway takes another giant leap towards growth, positioned for economic development that drives Portland's reputation for unique, local eco-friendly enterprises. This new investment from the city and Prosper Portland will improve livability and help us welcome new neighbors and new business with a visual message of improvement in the oldest and largest business district in Oregon."
There are numerous transportation projects beyond the Halsey Weidler corridor slated to begin construction in the Gateway area in the next year, such as:
In addition PBOT's Sunday Parkways will return July 21 with a new 4.8 mile walking route in addition to the bicycling route.
Additional information about transportation projects coming to the Gateway neighborhood and East Portland can be found at www.portlandoregon.gov/transportation/east.
(Feb. 24, 2019) The National Weather Service has notified the Portland Bureau of Transportation (PBOT) of the potential for accumulating snow of up to 2 inches across the city, including downtown, beginning late Sunday night and continuing into Monday morning commute hours. Temperatures may remain low for much of the day Monday, so snow that accumulates in the morning may linger throughout the day. There may be more accumulations in areas at 500 feet or higher above sea level, so everyone should check the elevation at your home, your destination and areas along your route.
There is also a potential for refreezing on Monday night that could affect Tuesday morning's commute hours.
PBOT advises the public to be aware of forecasts, use caution, delay your travel to avoid traveling during forecast snow or ice. Consider public transit, and check trimet.org/alertsand portlandstreetcar.org for service alerts before you go.
PBOT also reminds property owners, tenants and businesses that they are responsible for clearing sidewalks of snow and ice. It is important that sidewalks are clear so that people who are walking to transit and people with disabilities can move about safely.
In snowy and icy conditions, PBOT strongly advises delaying travel if possible. If people must travel, PBOT recommends taking public transit.
While the forecast is still unclear, there are some simple things all Portlanders can do to prepare themselves for winter weather.
PBOT's Maintenance Operations has had extra crews working this weekend to prepare. As of Sunday evening, Maintenance Operations has gone into Incident Command System (ICS) mode, working around the clock in 12-hour shifts. We are treating our anti-icing routes. We are watching the forecast and will adjust our response accordingly, including plowing and salting city streets.
PBOT works to keep vital public transit lines and emergency routes open in winter weather. These priority snow and ice routes are the most critical for our city's police and fire stations, hospitals, schools, frequent bus routes, the downtown core and major business districts -- about a third of our entire street grid. PBOT's mission is to provide at least one passable lane in each direction on these priority routes so that vehicles with front-wheel drive or traction devices can get through. In a major snowfall, it can take our crews up to 12 hours to cover these priority routes once.
Please give PBOT crews time and space to do their work in winter weather. Our crews drive equipment in low visibility and extreme weather. DO NOT cut in front of them or try and pass them at any time. Even if they are going slow, you will find the road much clearer and safer behind a snowplow than in front!
Don't assume you know what their job is. Our crews perform multiple jobs with their trucks, not just plowing. If you see a truck with its plow up, they may be travelling between points on their route, refueling, responding to an emergency or otherwise doing tasks to keep the city moving during winter weather.
At this time forecasts are changing and variable. Please monitor the weather forecast for both your home, your travel destination and your route, as road conditions could vary throughout the city beginning Friday evening.
PBOT provides tips for winter travel for people walking, biking or driving. Learn more at: https://www.portlandoregon.gov/transportation/snow
PBOT's Misson: In winter weather, our crews work around the clock on our designated snow and ice routes to make sure there is one passable lane in each direction as soon as possible after a winter storm.
This means that front wheel drive vehicles or vehicles with traction devices such as snow chains will be able to get through.


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Anne is a member of the Sussex Guild, a group of professional designer/makers based in Sussex. Have a look at their website: http://www.thesussexguild.co.uk.
The Guild includes many fine makers and their shows are always well worth a visit. Anne will post details of her next show with them when it is arranged.


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Main content
Florence, the Late Gothic
Current time:0:00Total duration:3:56
Giotto, The Entombment of Mary
Video transcript
DR. STEVEN ZUCKER: We're in the Gemaldegalerie in Berlin looking at a really spectacular panel painting by Giotto. This is "The Entombment of Mary." And it shows the Virgin Mary tenderly being lowered into her tomb, but it also, simultaneously, shows her spirit rendered as an infant being cradled by Christ in Heaven. DR. BETH HARRIS: It was made for the church of the Ognissanti or All-Saints Church in Florence. And it's certainly one of the jewels of their collection. DR. STEVEN ZUCKER: It's a wonderful representation of the qualities that made Giotto such an important artist in the early 14th century. DR. BETH HARRIS: In the late 1200s, the tradition that Giotto was coming out of is a Byzantine tradition where the figures are elongated, where there's an emphasis on gold and patterning, where the figures seem really distant from us. And there's no real interest in their bodies as existing three-dimensionally in space. But that's exactly what Giotto gives us. DR. STEVEN ZUCKER: Figures that have a sense a volume, of mass, of solidity, of gravity. But more than that, you've got a kind of psychological intensity and interaction that makes these figures seem as if they are autonomous in the world. DR. BETH HARRIS: So let's take, for example, Saint Peter, who's engrossed in reading. And if we look at the robe that he wears, we can see that Giotto has moved from light to dark to indicate the folds of the drapery and a sense of the figure being round and three-dimensional. DR. STEVEN ZUCKER: You can see the way in which the figure's elbow is pressing into his waist, gathering that cloth, creating those folds. And there is really a sense, then, of the reality of that moment, something that we recognize as our own elbows have pressed into our sides. DR. BETH HARRIS: Look at how gently she's being lowered into the tomb. And the look on the face of the apostle who lowers her body, looking into her eyes so lovingly. DR. STEVEN ZUCKER: The intimacy between them can be seen again between the spirit of Mary in the body of the child and Christ. Their faces are close. They look at each other. DR. BETH HARRIS: And it's also a kind of inversion of the image of Mary and Christ that we usually see where Mary is shown holding Christ as a child. DR. STEVEN ZUCKER: And look at the way that the representation of Mary's soul, the infant, has its light drapery swirl around it. It's just a beautiful kind of tender rendering by the artist. Just to the right of Christ, you see a figure bending over slightly. That's Saint Andrew, who is sprinkling holy water on the dead body of Christ's mother. But perhaps my favorite figure is just to the right of that. You can see in back of the angels who are holding tall candles, there's a figure in a kind of yellow white gold. His cheeks are puffed out. And if you look closely, in his right hand, he's holding high a censer. That is he's distributing incense, and it seems as if he's trying to blow it towards Mary. DR. BETH HARRIS: Just to the right, another angel has its mouth open, as though she's speaking. And two angels just to the right of that seem to be engaged in conversation. So while this image is very formal and hierarchical, with Christ in the center larger than all the figures, it's at the same time informal and natural. DR. STEVEN ZUCKER: That sense of the natural comes across so well in the conversation between those angels. The angel who stands in front, look at the way in which the thumbs of that angel are hooked into its belt, into its pockets. There is this sort of wonderful sense of total informality there. DR. BETH HARRIS: In fact, that angel also looks like she's about to speak. DR. STEVEN ZUCKER: This is a painting about Mary leaving the physical realm and becoming spiritual. But it's this kind of intimacy, this kind of detail of individual actions through which Giotto creates this fabulous sense of reality.


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Mexican banks report failures in processing card pays Reuters Several of Mexico's largest banks reported on Saturday that they were experiencing troubles processing debit and credit card pays while some stores in … View full coverage on Google News Read more: reuters.comRead More »
Home / Tag Archives: banks
What bear market? We are consolidating: Jhunjhunwala
50-60% of the excesses in the midcaps has been corrected. There is still way to go but you are going to see very big rises very fast, says big bull 65101704 65099587 65098063 Rakesh Jhunjhunwala, Partner, Rare Enterprises, in an exclusive interview with Nikunj Dalmia of ET Now.Edited excerpts:Looking at …Read More »
RANKED: The countries with the 10 largest gold reserves
Getty Images/Dario Pignatelli/Bloomberg The amount the US holds in gold reserves is three-quarters of its entire foreign reserves. Germany has the second largest amount of gold reserves. Countries differ in their reliance on gold for foreign reserves. Beginning in 2010, central banks around the world turned from being net sellers …Read More »


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In our previous articles (see "Why Complex Modulated Optical Signals?,""Complex Coding Concepts for Increased Optical Bit Transfer Efficiency," and "Which Optical Modulation Scheme Best Fits My Application?"), we got to know coding and modulation techniques to maximize the number of bits transferred per unit time over a fiber. We saw that using the phase of an optical signal for encoding information, in addition to other parameters, can multiply the data capacity of a channel.
In the pursuit of using existing limited bandwidth resources most efficiently, we have to be aware that the complex modulated signal spread in time and that consecutive symbols may overlap, which is referred to as inter-symbol interference (ISI). ISI induces errors in the interpretation of the signal on the receiver side. In the frequency domain as well, we have to take care to avoid interference between adjacent channels. For data rates of 400 Gbps and 1 Tbps, this will become a topic of crucial importance.
This article elaborates on the conditions needed to prevent these effects and on the use of different filtering techniques for the purpose of bandwidth and signal containment.
Nyquist ISI criterion
The Swedish engineer Harry Nyquist explained in the 1920s that for eliminating ISI, the impulse response h(t) needs to fulfill the following requirement in the time domain:
for all integers n. TS is the pulse spacing of adjacent pulses.
In Figure 1, a signal that meets this condition – sinc (t) pulses – illustrates the impact of the criterion: The pulses overlap, but only the sampled symbol contributes to the response at the sampling instant tk. The other symbols are zero at this point in time. In this way, we have avoided the signal-degrading and error-inducing effects of ISI.
|Figure 1. Orthogonal sinc (t) = (sin(t))/t pulses meet the Nyquist ISI Criterion. [2]
The right side of Figure 1 shows the Fourier transform (FT) of the impulse response. You can see that the frequency response that fits into a rectangular frequency window fulfills the Nyquist ISI criterion:
This means that the harmonics - the components with a frequency that is an integer multiple of the so called Nyquist frequency FS - must add up to a constant value, in order to fit into a frequency band without ISI. The Nyquist frequency FS is the minimum bandwidth needed to encode a signal without loss of information.
Nyquist pulse shaping using a finite impulse response filter
A sinc-signal may be perfect for preventing ISI as described above, but it is not practical because it is infinitely extended in time. Therefore we need to truncate it in the time domain, which is performed in practice by using a finite impulse response (FIR) filter. An FIR filter of order R responds for R+1 sample points and then returns to zero. Only past sample points x[n-i] are considered for the convolution of the filter output y[n] so that filtering can be performed in real-time.
The discrete-time FIR filter output y[n] in dependence of the input x[n] is described by:
where biare the filter coefficients.
To avoid aliasing, the pulse-shaping FIR filter must oversample by a factor of q=2 at least. In other words, there must be at least 2 sample points within TS, so that the pulse shape can be reconstructed on the receiver side, without losing higher-frequency components.
Figure 2 shows the filter results for a sinc pulse filtered at different filter order R, always oversampled by a factor of q=2. The power spectrum results from the convolution of the rectangular shaped spectrum of the sinc-pulse with the sinc-shaped spectrum of the rectangular window.
|Figure 2. FIR filter of different order R used to truncate sinc-signal: time
domain waveform, after Fast Fourier transformation power spectrum on
linear and on logarithmic scale. [2]
In the first line, with a filter order of 16, the signal spans 8 TS. In the FFT, we can see distortions caused by the limited time window. Most of the power lies within the Nyquist band (-0.5 FS to 0.5 FS) but a part lies outside the band. The power spectrum shows the harmonics as image spectra.
If we double the length of the filter (R=32), the signal better fits into the bandwidth, but we still see some ringing. At R=1024, the spectrum looks almost ideal; the ringing is only visible at the steep edges and the power spectrum also shows less out-of-band contribution. Unfortunately, the higher the order R of the filter, the higher the complexity of the filter design too. Therefore, you would usually stay with the lowest R that answers the requirements.
Raised cosine filters
For even better out-of-band suppression and a spectrum without ringing, raised cosine filters provide a reasonable alternative. Here, the impulse response is dependent on the so-called roll-off factor α which can take any value from 0 to 1:
The raised cosine filters also fulfill the Nyquist ISI criterion that only the sampled symbol contributes to the signal. All other symbols are zero at the sampling points. In comparison to sinc-shaped pulses, the raised cosine signals require more bandwidth.
Figure 3 depicts the filter response for four different roll-off factors α:
|Figure 3. Raised Cosine Filters with different roll-off factors α: normalized time and frequency
domain presentation. [2]
In the frequency response, it stands out that for any value of α, the curves are crossing the same point at ±FS/2 , which is half the pulse rate. As mentioned before, this is the Nyquist frequency, the minimum bandwidth needed for a data transfer without loss of information. Apart from that, you can see that for α = 1, we hardly have any ringing but the frequency spectrum does not fit into the bandwidth. For α = 0, it is vice versa: the frequency response is rectangular within the bandwidth (the overshoots at the edges are a mere mathematical effect, also known as the Gibbs Phenomenon, and do not have any practical impact). The time domain signal now shows more ringing, though.
Why should we care about the ringing when we first stated that at the sampling point only the sampled symbol contributes to the signal? In practice, ringing is a problem because the other symbols have zero contribution when sampling only at this ideal instant. Under real world conditions, it is almost impossible to have the receiver sample exactly at this point in time so that we'll always have some ISI that induces errors in the interpretation of the signal.
So, we obviously have a tradeoff between bandwidth containment and suppression of ringing in the time domain. A compromise in the choice of an adequate value of α has to be found on an individual basis for every fiber-optical application.
Raised cosine filters in practice
Let's have a closer look at the influence of different roll-off factors on the most promising modulation scheme for 400 Gbps and higher data rates: 16-QAM. Figure 4 shows measurements not only of the frequency domain response but also the eye diagrams and the impact on the transitions between constellation points and the constellation points themselves.
|Figure 4. Raised cosine filters on 16-QAM signal in dependence of roll-off
factor α: constellation diagram, eye diagram and frequency spectrum; signals
created with an Agilent M8190A Arbitrary Waveform Generator.
The top example shows the case of non-shaped rectangular pulses. As we know, a signal that only occupies a fixed time interval has an infinitely extended frequency spectrum; we can see in the frequency response large side slopes. The eye diagram shows the typical behavior of a wide-band signal with open eyes. Between the constellation points, we have straight transitions.
Using a raised cosine filter with a roll-off factor α = 1, the frequency spectrum becomes narrower; the side slopes are not visible anymore. The eye diagram shows wide-open eyes. The constellation points are smaller. This is typical for a system with reduced bandwidth. The detection bandwidth on the receiver side is, by implication, also reduced, which lowers noise.
At a roll-off factor α = 0.35, the frequency width has further decreased, and with it the size of the constellation points. The transitions between the constellation points start to show much overshoot. This is because when reducing bandwidth the transitions between the symbols get extended in time, which is reflected in the constellation diagram by the long curved transitions between the points. The eyes are closing and therefore the sampling timing gets more critical.
An almost perfect rectangular spectrum is reached at α = 0.05. The transitions between the little constellation points show large overshoot. The completely closed eyes indicate that for avoiding errors, the sampling point has to be adjusted precisely.
How much spectral efficiency do we gain?
To get an idea of the quantitative gain in spectral efficiency by pulse-shaping filters, let's compare it to the effects reached by applying orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM).
Figure 5 gives a brief recap of the OFDM principles, which are similar to the Nyquist format.
|Figure 5. OFDM in the frequency and in the time domain. [2]
In OFDM, the frequency sub-spectra are sinc-shaped. For increased spectral efficiency, they are overlapping but because of their orthogonality – meaning that they are shifted by multiples of π/2 – they do not interfere with one another. In the time domain, a symbol is a sum of sine curves with equidistant carrier frequencies fn in a fixed time window. In this example, we have in one channel four subcarriers at four frequencies. The orange is phase shifted by π, as can be seen after inverse Fast Fourier transformation (IFFT).
Figure 6 now shows spectral analysis on a measured 16-QAM modulated OFDM signal.
|Figure 6. Impact of OFDM on a 16-QAM signal spectrum in dependence on the number of
subcarriers; signals created with an Agilent M8190A Arbitrary Waveform Generator.
On the top left side, you can see the constellation diagram and below the time domain waveform. With 15 subcarriers and two pilots, we get a fairly flat frequency spectrum and a steep roll-off.
By increasing the number of subcarriers, the spectrum is flattening and the two pilots are moving towards the center. At the bottom line, we see that the spectrum is approaching rectangular shape with the growing number of subcarriers.
How does this translate now into a gain of spectral efficiency in comparison to that reached by Nyquist pulse shaping? For the sake of comparability, in Figure 7, the normalized spectral efficiency (SE) is plotted over the Nyquist filter length R (the oversampling factor q is chosen again to be 2) versus the number of OFDM subcarriers N.
|Figure 7. Effect of Nyquist pulse shaping versus OFDM on
spectral efficiency and peak- to-average power ratio (PAPR) [2].
The figure shows that both techniques provide almost the same result regarding spectral efficiency.
The comparison of the also normalized peak-to-average power ratios (PAPR) reveals similar behavior at differing levels. The PAPR of OFDM time domain waveforms is much larger. This phenomenon owes to the fact that in In OFDM, the signal exhibits some peak values high above the average power level. As a consequence, OFDM circuits and test instruments need a large dynamic range to avoid distortions induced by clipping the higher levels. For optimized spectral efficiency, pulse shaping can be applied in combination with OFDM.
Up to this point, we have touched on the technical requirements for the more sophisticated data transmission concepts several times. In the next article of this series, we'll investigate in detail the challenges imposed by complex modulation for the technical implementation of an optical transmitter.
Figures: Dr. Bernd Nebendahl, René Schmogrow
- H. Nyquist: Certain Topics in Telegraph Transmission Theory, Trans. AIEE, Vol. 47, pp. 617-644, Apr. 1928
- R. Schmogrow M. Winter, M. Meyer, D. Hillerkuss, S. Wolf, B. Baeuerle, A. Ludwig, B. Nebendahl, S. Ben-Ezra, J. Meyer, M. Dreschmann, M. Huebner, J. Becker, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold,: Real-Time Nyquist Pulse Generation Beyond 100 Gbit/s and its Relation to OFDM, Optics Express, Vol. 20 (1), pp. 317 – 337, Jan. 2012
Stephanie Michel is technical marketing engineer in the Digital Photonic Test Division of the Electronic Measurements Group at Agilent Technologies.


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Author Archives: jonandelisefletcher
Reflections on 5 years!
Five years ago today our family of four left our home town of Shrewsbury and stepped into a future that felt very unknown. There was a sense of calling and a sense of adventure that held us. Today we celebrate … Continue reading
This service that you perform is not only supplying the needs of the Lord's people but is also overflowing in many expressions of thanks to God. 2 Corinthians 9:12 … Continue reading
June 2019
There are days when communication goes well; on these days we can make ourselves understood and Bow can make herself understood. We are gradually learning each other's distinct languages. We know the danger zones for misunderstanding and try hard … Continue reading
Special Bow Edition!
In the course of six weeks, the rhythm of life in the Fletcher family has changed irreversibly! Four entrenched introverts have undergone a change of pace and a raise in volume… and are emerging exhausted, but much better for it! … Continue reading
March 2019 Big News!
In the middle of last week we received a call from our social worker alerting us to a problem with our adoption case which needed urgent attention. We dropped everything and drove through traffic for an hour in the … Continue reading
Our Feb Update
For we know that all creation has been groaning as in the pains of childbirth right up to the present time. And we believers also groan, even though we have the Holy Spirit within us as a foretaste of future glory, … Continue reading
Happy New Year!
One of my favourite moments from Christmas was surprising a neighbour with a parcel of plus sized bras brought over from the UK! Stay with me a moment… Bright and cheeky, she is exactly the Aunty figure that everybody … Continue reading
November 2018
'She won't be needing those, she's gone'; with these words another neighbor swooped in to claim the plastic bottles that we always leave out for Ba'Saa who earns her meagre living from recycling and sorting rubbish. We look out for … Continue reading
September 2018
He will wipe every tear from their eyes. There will be no more death or mourning or crying or pain, for the old order of things has passed away Revelation 21:4 This aerial photo shows the Khlong Toey area almost … Continue reading
August 2018 Update
You do not need to know precisely what is happening, or exactly where it is all going. What you need is to recognize the possibilities and challenges offered by the present moment, and to embrace them with courage, faith and … Continue reading


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Numbered route signs in South Carolina
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Preoperative medication is usually administered parenterally; however a more acceptable delivery route, particularly for children, is being sought. Rectal administration of midazolam produced a satisfactory sedative action 30 minutes after administration in children129. Rectal instillation of a solution of midazolam hydrochloride (5 g.L-1:0.3 mg.kg-1) in healthy volunteers produced a bioavailability of about 50%, however metabolic studies suggested that complete rectal absorption of the parent drug had occurred with substantial first-pass metabolism130. Absorption was rapid, the mean T being 31 min and C
max max reaching 120 pg.L-1.
Diazepam may also be used for preoperative medication. In adult patients, one study reported that premedication with a rectal diazepam solution was considered less effective than oral dosing. However the oral dose used was 50% higher than the rectal dose (15 vs. 10 mg)131. Rectally administered diazepam has been used in children for sedation for dental operations132.
The use of rectal methohexital to induce anaesthesia in children has received considerable interest in recent literature. In children aged between 2 and 7 years, anaesthesia was induced with rectal administration of 15 mg.kg-1 of methohexital solution. Peak plasma concentrations ranged between 1 and 6 mg.L-1 and were reached in 7 to 15 min. indicating very rapid absorption133. Although the bioavailability ranged between 8 and 32%, satisfactory induction of anaesthesia was reached in 90% of children. It has been suggested that the variability in methohexital plasma levels is due the depth to which the drug is inserted, thereby altering the amount of drug which avoids first-pass metabolism. No clear correlation exists between rectal pH and absorption, suggesting that the variability in the extent of first-pass metabolism has a greater effect than the effect of luminal pH on drug uptake134.
Atropine is administered prior to inhalation anaesthetics to reduce salivation and the production of bronchopulmonary secretions. Absorption from a rectal saline solution was slower and less complete than with intramuscular administration135. Atropine sulphate in a HPMC base had a bioavailability of approximately 30%, but absorption was fast, reaching a T after 15 minutes136.
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Your heart pumps blood throughout your body using a network of tubing called arteries and capillaries which return the blood back to your heart via your veins. Blood pressure is the force of the blood pushing against the walls of your arteries as your heart beats.Learn more...


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PFOA/PFOS in drinking water
The recent news about PFAS chemicals in drinking water may raise concerns about whether your drinking water is at risk. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) are fluorinated organic chemicals that are part of a larger group of man-made chemicals referred to as per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Customers can have confidence in knowing that Rancho Water has tested for PFOA and PFOS as required by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and they were not detected in our drinking water supply. Additionally, the Metropolitan Water District, who supplies imported water to Rancho Water, has not detected PFOS or PFOA in their system.
PFAS are synthetic compounds. They have been used extensively in consumer products such as carpets, clothing, fabrics for furniture, paper packaging for food, fire-fighting foams, and other materials (e.g., cookware) designed to be water proof, stain-resistant or non-stick. Two of the most well-known chemicals, PFOS and PFOA, have been phased out in the United States, but they do not break down easily and can linger in the environment. In fact, most people in the U.S. have PFAS in their blood. People are typically exposed through ingestion by eating foods from packaging containing PFAS, inhaling certain fabric sprays or breathing air with dust from contaminated soil, carpets, and clothing.
The presence of PFAS in source water and drinking water is complex and concerning to water professionals due to their widespread use and environmental persistence. Continued exposure to high levels of specific PFAS can lead to adverse health effects. Rancho Water takes any risks to water quality seriously. The District will continue to closely monitor the quality of the community's drinking water supplies and is tracking the latest information on PFAS.
To learn more about Rancho's drinking water quality, customers can view the District's annual Water Quality Reports. Customers who want a hard copy of the report may email or call the Public Information Department at (951) 296-6933. (Note: PFAS sampling is not included on Rancho's water quality reports, as the District is not required to report on chemicals that were not detected).
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R domesticated selfish genetic components to induce cleavage of its MAT
R domesticated selfish genetic components to induce cleavage of its MAT locus.K.lactis differs from S.cerevisiae by possessing two separate mechanisms for MATa MATa switching and MATa MATa switching (Barsoum et al.a; Rajaei et al).Both of those mechanisms involve producing a dsDNA break (R)-Q-VD-OPh cost inside the outgoing MAT locus by processes that resemble the very first actions of mobilization of DNA transposons.Cleavage with the MATa locus for switching to PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21261576 MATa is induced by a, a gene present at each MATa and HML (Barsoum et al.a).This gene was named a due to the fact it really is a third gene positioned within the Ya region of the K.lactis MATa allele (Astrom et al), however the name is somewhat misleading due to the fact a will not be a regulator of transcription like a and also a.Rather, it truly is a part of an arcane mechanism for generating a doublestrand break in MATa for the duration of the MATa MATa switch.The a protein is equivalent towards the DNA transposase of Mutatorlike elements (MULEs), a household within the Mutator superfamily of DNA transposons (class II mobile elements) (Neuveglise et al.; Wicker et al).The a protein is brought for the MATa locus by Rme (also known as Mts in K.lactis), exactly where it cuts at two websites on either side with the MATa gene, excisingthe gene, and leaving behind a doublestrand break.These methods are equivalent towards the "cut" a part of the cutandpaste mechanism that MULE components use to transpose.Surprisingly, it can be the copy from the a gene positioned in the HML locus, instead of MATa, that's expressed and translated into the a protein important for prosperous cleavage of the MAT locus (Barsoum et al.a).It's maybe because of this that the dynamics in the silencer elements flanking HML in K.lactis are various from these in S.cerevisiae (Hickman and Rusche).When K.lactis switches in the opposite direction, from MATa to MATa, the outgoing MATa locus is cleaved by Kat, a member on the Roamer family members of hoboActivator Tam (hAT) DNA transposases (Rajaei et al).Kat cuts between the MATa and MATa genes to make the doublestrand break necessary for SDSA with HML.The ends of your break are covalently closed into hairpin caps, a characteristic function with the breaks produced when hAT loved ones elements transpose, that are subsequently resolved by Mre nuclease (Barsoum et al.a).The KAT gene just isn't positioned close to MAT or HMLHMR, but its expression is activated by Rme.It is actually exciting that Rme stimulates matingtype switching in both directions, but its part in 1 direction is as a transcription factor, whereas its part in the other direction appears to be only as a DNA and proteinbinding aspect (it binds for the MATa gene and likely interacts with all the a protein) (Barsoum et al.a).Katprotein expression is also modulated by a organic frameshift within the KAT gene that needs ribosomal slippage for appropriate translation.Syntenic orthologs on the a and KAT genes are present only inside the genus Kluyveromyces, suggesting that this switching mechanism is genus distinct (Figure ; Barsoum et al.a; Rajaei et al).The order of evolutionary recruitment of a and Kat in to the matingtype switching procedure is unknown, as is definitely the mechanism of dsDNAbreak formation inside the threecassette technique that preceded it in the common ancestor of and Kluyveromyces.Some other species of Saccharomycetaceae have genes equivalent to MULE or Roamer transposases that happen to be distant paralogs of a and KAT (Sarilar et al.; Wolfe et al), but these have not been implicated in matingtype switching.Mobile components as endonucleasesThe discovery that HO, a, and Kat are all domesticated version.
R domesticated selfish genetic components to induce cleavage of its MATR domesticated selfish genetic components
R domesticated selfish genetic components to induce cleavage of its MAT


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Accommodation in Lichtenberg
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If you're looking to discover somewhere new, look no further than Lichtenberg. Whether you're planning to stay for a night or for the week, the area around Lichtenberg has accommodations to fit every need. Search for hotels in Lichtenberg with Hotels.com by checking our online map. Our map displays the areas and neighborhoods around all Lichtenberg hotels so you can see how close you are from landmarks and attractions, and then refine your search within the larger area. The best Lichtenberg hotel deals are here with our lowest price guarantee.
What types of hotels are available in Lichtenberg?
We have Lichtenberg accommodations with prices starting at AUD 71. Choose one of our 151 deals and get discounts of up to 41%.
Below are the number of accommodations by star rating in Lichtenberg and the surrounding area:
- • 3 5-star accommodations from AUD 104 per night
- • 19 4-star accommodations from AUD 100 per night
- • 86 3-star accommodations from AUD 74 per night
- • 4 2-star accommodations from AUD 72 per night
- • 2 1-star accommodations
How to Get to Lichtenberg
What is the closest airport to Lichtenberg?
- • Hof (HOQ-Hof-Plauen), 10.7 mi (17.3 km) from central Lichtenberg
Things to See and Do in Lichtenberg
What is there to see near Lichtenberg:
- • Kurpark Bad Steben (1.8 mi/2.9 km from the city center)
- • Stadtpark (3.5 mi/5.7 km from the city center)
What is there to do near Lichtenberg:
- • Nalia Municipal Swimming Pool (3.7 mi/5.9 km from the city center)
- • Spielbank Bad Steben (1.6 mi/2.5 km from the city center)
- • Museum Naila in Schusterof (3.4 mi/5.5 km from the city center)
- • Nordhalben Station (6.8 mi/10.9 km from the city center)
When is the best time to visit Lichtenberg?
- • Hottest months: July, August, June, September (average 70°F)
- • Coldest months: January, February, December, March (average 25°F)
- • Rainiest months: July, June, August, and May (average 2.85 inches of rainfall)