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El Desing Thinking como recurso y metodología para la alfabetización visual y el aprendizaje en preescolares de escuelas multigrado de México
Montserrat Magro-Gutiérrez1 Graduate in Early Childhood Education by the Normal School of Educators "Bertha Von Glummer and Leyva". Teacher in Pedagogy from the University of Sur. She is currently a PhD student in Education Sciences at the Camilo José Cela University and member of the Research Group (Gdl) Culture, Society and Education of the UCJC.
Silvia Carrascal-Domínguez1
1Camilo José Cela University. Madrid, Spain.
The aim of the study is to carry out a research on the influence of the Design Thinking as a resource and methodology in educational contexts in order to promote an active learning in preschool students at Mexican multigrade schools. These tools and methodologies will act as a key to transform learning environments in Preschool Education at rural schools. The results reveal that innovation can be introduced at these schools through communication and visual language, increasing the chances of success, without having to increment the number of resources or improve their infrastructures. Training and innovative and creative development of the educator, as well as a proper use of communication and Visual Literacy, as parts and motors of the learning, will help students to develop and strengthen their creative, innovative and critical thinking. Likewise, focusing on educational ways and learning areas promote a bidirectional and highly enriching attention. That's why educators have to be trained in research, discover, imagining and solving problems in a divergent way in real situations, would be the one who lead this learning and transformation process of the classroom of Children Education.
KEY WORDS: communication, visual literacy, design thinking, creative in education, preschool education, multigrade schools, Mexico
El objetivo del trabajo es realizar un estudio sobre la influencia del Design Thinking como recurso y metodología en contextos educativos, con el objetivo de promover un aprendizaje activo de los estudiantes preescolares en Escuelas Multigrado de México. Estas herramientas y metodologías activas actuarán como clave para transformar los entornos de aprendizaje en la Educación Preescolar en escuelas rurales. Los resultados afirman que se puede introducir la innovación en estas aulas a través de la comunicación y el lenguaje visual, aumentando las probabilidades de éxito y sin necesidad de incrementar el número de recursos o mejorar sus infraestructuras. La formación, capacitación y desarrollo creativo e innovador del educador, y el uso de la comunicación y la Alfabetización Visual como piezas y motores de aprendizaje, favorecerán el desarrollo y fortalecimiento del pensamiento creativo, innovador y crítico. A su vez, poner el foco en los estilos y espacios de aprendizaje permitirá una atención bidireccional y sumamente enriquecedora. Por ello, el docente capacitado para investigar, descubrir, imaginar y resolver problemas de forma divergente y en situaciones reales, ha de ser quien lidere este proceso de aprendizaje y transformación del aula de Educación Infantil.
PALABRAS CLAVE: comunicación, alfabetización visual, design thinking, creatividad educación, educación preescolar, escuela multigrado, México.
O objetivo desse trabalho é realizar um estudo sobre a influência do Design Thinking como recurso e metodologia em contextos educativos, com o objetivo de promover uma aprendizagem ativa dos estudantes pré-escolares nas Escolas multi grau do México. Estas ferramentas e metodologias ativas atuaram como clave para transformar os entornos de aprendizagem na Educação Pré-escolar nas escolas rurais. Os resultados afirmam que se pode introduzir a inovação nessas aulas através da comunicação e a linguagem visual, aumentando as probabilidades de êxito e sem necessidade de incrementar o número de recursos ou melhorar suas infraestruturas. A formação, capacitação e desenvolvimento criativo e inovador do educador, e o uso da comunicação e a Alfabetização Visual como peças e motores de aprendizagem, favoreceram o desenvolvimento e fortalecimento do pensamento criativo, inovador e crítico. Pôr o foco nos estilos e espaços de aprendizagem permitirá uma atenção bidirecional e sumamente enriquecedora. Por isso o docente capacitado para investigar, descobrir, imaginar e resolver problemas de forma divergente e em situações reais, serão os que lideram este processo de aprendizagem e transformação da aula de Educação Infantil.
PALAVRAS CHAVE: comunicação, alfabetização visual, design thinking, criatividade educação, educação pré-escolar ,escola multi grau, México
Correspondence: Montserrat Magro Gutiérrez: Universidad Camilo José Cela. Madrid.
Silvia Carrascal Domínguez: Universidad Camilo José Cela. Madrid.
Received: 23/03/2018
Accepted: 11/10/2018
The results are based on the research carried out within the VA.E. Visual Arts in Education (REF 2013- 181/226 MECD) of the Research Group: Culture, Society and Education, supported by the General Assistant Directorship for the Promotion of Art of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports.
How to cite the article:
Magro Gutiérrez, M. and Carrascal Domínguez, S. (2019). The 'Desing Thinking' as a resource and methodology for visual liteteracy in preschool at Mexican multigrade schools. [El Design Thinking como recurso y metodología para la alfabetización visual y el aprendizaje en preescolares de escuelas multigrado de México]. Vivat Academia. Revista de Comunicación, 146, 71-95. http://doi.org/10.15178/va.2019.146.71-95 Recovered from http://www.vivatacademia.net/index.php/vivat/article/view/1117
The educational processes are constantly being transformed towards the permanent search for answers to the needs of the students and to the diversity of the educational contexts that education faces.
Encouraging the implementation of constructivist approaches in preschool education, is an alternative that transforms the role of educational actors by opening up new forms of communication between educator and student, and encouraging the development or the strengthening of the competence of learning to learn, permanent learning and the development of autonomy, among others.
Preschool education is a crucial stage in the cognitive and social development of the human being, since biological and cultural processes are gestated that allow the learning of skills that are key in the future way of processing ideas and solving problems. This represents one of the main pedagogical challenges of the educator who, faced with a globalized society, has to implement and propose those strategies that fulfill this task, together with the specificities of the context in which the schools are found, such as the case of rural contexts where multigrade schools are mostly maintained. An educational space in which age and level of knowledge should not be a barrier to social integration or to the development of learning.
The multigrade school is an educational service where students of different ages work in the same space or classroom. This generates that the professor has to diversify his didactic strategies to assist the differences of ages and educational needs of the students. One of the current priorities of the National Education System in Mexico is to respond to the challenges that the multigrade school represents. Currently the INEE (2017), raises the haste to reduce the inequalities and difficulties that characterize these schools, such as the shortage or lack of teaching resources, furniture, basic public services, as well as precarious physical structures.
In view of this, this service and educational level require, with greater zeal, innovative teaching proposals that allow the development of alternative ways of teaching the senses, creating activities that motivate creative thinking, in agreement to an era in which global challenges demand specific forms to think about education for both local and national or state, and international entities (INEE, 2017).
Based on this approach, the present study has been developed, which is based on the development of pedagogical proposals and new active teaching methodologies based on the Design Thinking as a key tool to transform these new learning environments in preschool education in Mexico. In addition to introducing innovation in these classrooms and the contact with communication and visual language, the inequality gaps and increasing the chances of success, since its use as an alternative of communication and innovation in teaching is viable in this context because they do not imply significant financial investments, or are limited by the precariousness in terms of infrastructure in which some schools could be found.
In this sense, it depends on the creative and innovative act of the educator, to incorporate elements of the context and to the Communication and Visual Literacy as essential pieces and strategies that contribute to the development and strengthening of creative, innovative and critical thinking.
In this context, it is worth highlighting an international example of this work methodology and it is found in the Harvard Zero project that has led to research projects in educational psychology associated with creative processes. The main objective is to develop learnings that have utility in the life of the future and that serve as extension connections to favor high-level comprehensions in the real life of the students. That is, to improve the education, the teaching, the thinking and the creativity in the arts, as well as in humanistic and scientific disciplines, at an individual and institutional level in a variety of contexts including schools, companies, museums and digital environments (Ritchhart and Perkins, 2008).
Analyze and present the innovation alternatives that Design Thinking can achieve in educational communication and teaching in multigrade preschools.
The research work is documentary, since it has been developed through the review and controlled analysis of the most representative literature on the object of study. According to Hoyos (2000), documentary research aims to achieve critical understanding of the phenomenon of study through the contributions of the diversity of views and positions of experts in the field.
A state of the question was done, that consists of a brief presentation of all the main existing results in the research is made about the approach of this work. That is, its purpose is to point out the search paths that have been opened, up to the present and for the future for research (Esquivel, 2013). After this, information was systematized with the methods and main findings of similar studies, proving that the study in development was unprecedented to find no vestige of identical studies.
It was determined that, in order to strengthen this study, investigations were required with complementary or transversal themes that would allow strengthening the arguments necessary for the proposal. The studies that have been reviewed were, therefore, on different topics, such as the neurosciences and creativity, perception and learning and educational policies, among others.
Considering the recommendations of Cué, Díaz, Díaz, and Valdés (2008) in relation to the review and investigation of documents, the criteria for the selection of information that were addressed in the present work, have been based on the documentary analysis of articles and relevant publications indexed on the subject and the geographical context; as well as
Likewise, the statistics of the Mexican National Education System were collected, specifically the Preschool Education in multigrade contexts, strengthening previous experience of the authors in these school settings, for thus making proposals and conclusions that prove the feasibility of the method.
Figure 1. Research method.
Source: Own elaboration.
Currently there are no works or research on Design Thinking and its application as a teaching and communication technique in a specific context of Pre-school Education, much less in multigrade contexts. However, some experiences in digital media destined to preschoolers who have applied this methodology were found, although such disclosure is purely informational only or, for commercial purposes, since they are students who are not in multigrade studies.
By way of justification for this reasoning, some similar studies are exposed to processes of creativity, visual thinking and critical in Children Education that were found with the aim of presenting the state of affairs.
Table 1. Comparative analysis of studies on Visual Literacy through Desing Thinking.
Source: Own elaboration.
As it can be seen (Table 1), seven studies have been selected in indexed databases and high academic reputation, which allowed to collect some visual literacy application in school settings with the Children Education. Basically, studies were located in European, Latin American and Asian countries, most of these studies with a methodology that collects experiences in the classroom.
The results allowed to find data that demonstrate the benefits of the methodology for the formation of creative thinking, innovation of teaching and an alternative and functional way of communication, especially through visual thinking.
Approach to the current context of multigrade preschool education in Mexico
The level of Preschool Education in Mexico, which is aimed at children from 3 to 6 years of age, has faced countless challenges to It is recognized as the first link in Basic Education of the National Education System; In addition, the multigrade school continues to be an emerging theme in the country's educational policy agenda.
The composition of the national education system has been designed as a response to the forms of organization, the diversity of interests, social groups and demographic needs of the Mexican context.
Taking this into account, the Ministry of Public Education, supported by the National Council for Educational Promotion, offers pre-school education in its various services such as general, community and indigenous; in this way, the guidelines stipulated by the General Law of Education are met, which alludes that education in Mexico must respond to the specific, cultural and social characteristics of the indigenous, migratory and marginalized groups of the country ( General Law of Education , 1993).
Ames (2004) refers to the multigrade school as the school space where a teacher is responsible for catering to more than one or two grades at a time. In Mexico this term has been implemented for the Primary Education, however, today it is also used for Preschool Education.
One of the peculiarities of the emergence of these educational centers it is the educational alternative of bringing education to dispersed areas, in which rurality is the main scenario (Juárez and Rodríguez, 2016 cited in INNE, 2017).
Table 2. Unitary Preschool Schools in Mexico.
Source: Prepared by the authors from Panorama Educativo de México. Indicators of the National Educational System 2013, 2014, 2015. National Institute for the Evaluation of Education. Mexico.
Table 1 shows that the multigrade school, considering it exclusively in its unit modality (1), for the 2012/2013 school year it represented 26.22%, for the 2013/2014 school year, 26.47% and for 2014/2015, 24.74% of the total of preschools in the country. The foregoing, refers to the high degree of visibility that this service has in Preschool Education in Mexico; which places it in an important place in the formative and statistical impact of the country's education.
(1) In this case, an educator is responsible for the administration and organization of the school and the simultaneous attention of the three educational levels that make up the Preschool Education (Ames, 2004).
Regarding studies carried out in this construct, it has been demonstrated that multigrade education can be efficient as long as various aspects are taken into account that make it possible to exploit its potential to the maximum (Ames, 2004). Consequently, the INEE (2017) recovers international and national suggestions based on studies carried out in educational centers of the country with the purpose of improving and enriching the conditions and teaching-learning processes that emerge from these contexts.
In view of the above, it is urgent to adapt and maintain physical spaces with architecture and conditions appropriate to the development of educational processes; the existence and availability of sanitary facilities and basic public services; access to various materials and/or educational resources; the availability of school furniture, as well as the regulation of the number of students per educator, among others (INEE 2010) and (INEE, 2017).
The social, cultural, geographic and demographic disparity of the country have been a limitation for the full exercise of education in areas of backwardness and rurality. It is necessary that the educational authorities, as well as educators and the community join efforts that enable a different positioning of this service.
Design Thinking as a learning tool
Ramos and Wert (2015) define Design Thinking as a methodology capable of generating innovative ideas, which focuses its effectiveness on understanding and solving real needs. It comes from the way that product designers work. Hence its name, which in Spanish is literally translated as "Pensamiento de Diseño". It began to develop theoretically at Stanford University in California (USA) from the 70s. During the process, techniques with a large visual and plastic content are developed. This makes us put both our creative and analytical minds to work, resulting in solutions that are both innovative and feasible at the same time.
Their process is summarized in five step s: empathize, define, devise, prototype and try.
Figura 2. Proceso Design Thinking.
Fuente: Ramos y Wert (2015).
The first stage Empathize, is defined as the process through which an effort to understand and comprehend in depth the person, user or the situation on what you want to work arises. Define what is the challenge that is expected to be resolved. Devise, which involves generating all possible ideas. The next phase tries to transform ideas into tangible elements, the Prototype phase consists of build actual products with some of the most promising ideas. Finally, the evaluation stage is next, with the purpose of learning from the reactions or experimentations (Castillo, Álvarez and Cabin, 2014).
During this process it is very important that the challenge is well defined, because efforts should focus on resolving this. It is necessary to be clear that during the Design Thinking Process, doors can be opened and closed cyclically.
Cordova (2015) referenced and divide the definitions of Thought in Design, in the following two major approaches:
1. As a problem-solving process: where the Design Thinking is conceived as those problem solving skills and the adoption of solutions focused on cognitive strategies with the use of aggressive thought and the use of non-verbal modeling supports.
2. As collaborative innovation management: It is conceived as a process focused on people, a set of methods of "corporate ethnography", a methodology that permeates the entire spectrum of innovation activities with a design spirit centered on the human being.
Figura 3. Comparison between the two approaches of Design Thinking.
Source: extracted from Córdoba (2015) p. 62.
Design thinking, is no stranger to the individual, it is rather a natural and innate human peculiarity. In this context, its empowerment allows our thinking to go to another level, establishing a holistic experience and a multifunctional approach that involves a link between more sensitive, critical, creative and powerful tools (Mootee, 2014).
Design Thinking is used in various professional fields, however, this approach has great potential to develop significant changes in the education sector.
It is important to act under the "learn to learn" approach, which assumes error as a learning opportunity, fosters teamwork, empathy, creates a visual meaning through dynamism with visual interactions, inspires, invites reflection and reasoning, and provides meaningful experiences. It leads to the decentralization of the classroom, to focus on the needs of the educational community through various research techniques, to anticipate and explore alternative solutions, to place the student at the center of the entire educational process and to encourage the use of tools and instruments that facilitate communication and information transmission processes (Mootee, 2014).
Another aspect that justifies the success of its application in educational contexts is that it implies the strengthening of critical thinking, which is intimately related to improving the ability to think and consequently, allows to put up in a positive way with the changes that life faces.
Lipman (2016) and Howie (2012), consider that this type of thinking contributes to the elaboration of deeper and more responsible judgments, to the comprehension and understanding of phenomena, to the application of knowledge for making decisions, to the production of changes and final products, to raise the thinking levels of the students and raise the levels of self-esteem, self-control and self-regulation; which directly affects their academic performance.
The development of critical thinking as a transcendental element in the methodology of Design Thinking invites the teacher to guarantee the diversity and integration of the context, of the educational agents and of the levels of thought, interests and emotions; since this demands from the individual the need to adapt to changes and greater openness to them (Lipman, 2016).
Considering the development of multiple intelligences as essential abilities for solving problems, is another of the characteristics that Design Thinking outlines. Hernandez (2004), Seoane (2016), Serrano and Blázquez (2016), agree that it is necessary to strengthen emotional intelligence in students, as well as being a substantial component in the methodology of Design Thinking (empathize) It helps to empower the mastery of complex situations, as well as to strengthen interpersonal relationships.
People who use this methodology develop skills such as the ability to observe, analyze, reflect, global perception and criticism; empathy, curiosity and creativity, among others; which are not exempt from the educational context (Serrano & Blázquez, 2016). These potential benefits of Design Thinking have their epistemological basis in the fact that most of the world we live in is modifiable, something in which we, as human beings, can have an impact. That is, it is a mental state that is characterized by being focused on the human, social, responsible, optimistic and experimental (Leinonen and Duran, 2014).
To enhance the development of Design Thinking in Pre-school Education, contributes to the training of future entrepreneurs, inventors and citizens with the skills to solve real problems of their context and beyond this with a high degree of creativity. However, for Mootee (2004) the success of this methodology, in any context, depends on the recognition and respect of each of its principles.
In addition to Design Thinking, it is important to clarify that there are other methodologies that have similarly proven to generate skills similar to those of design thinking, such as project-based learning (PBL), game-based learning, game thinking (Game Thinking) giving rise to a motivating work that stimulates creative and innovative thinking (Gonzales, 2015).
Communication as a vehicle for the transmission of knowledge
Escandell (2004) defines communication as a process of transmission of information through codes. As human beings we have the ability to get and share information through different linguistic forms. Faced with this, communication processes include decoding, inference and intentionality; as the ability we have to obtain, reason and above all transmit information with a focus more adapted to the context.
The formative processes invite to maintain a close relationship between the educational subjects (educator-student), compulsorily mediated by communication processes. Communication allows the transmission of information and knowledge, therefore, it is an important foundation in formal education as a vehicle that, applied in a timely manner, will provide a broader and wider conceptualization of the world to students.
To describe the process of communication and its elements, it is desirable to apply the information theory of Shannon and Weaver (1949) with further extensions and applications to various fields of science, the process includes a transmitter, a receiver and a channel permeated by codes and contexts that determine the comprehension of a certain language that is not necessarily determined in oral or written ones (Ramírez, 2017).
Contextualizing the subject to communication in the classroom, it is important to consider these levels, since they can be an obstacle to understanding messages that compromise the teaching-learning processes.
On the other hand, both the educator and the student act in learning as emitters and receivers. Valenzuela (2004) states that children who are taking Preschool Education are in a process in which they are learning to be emitters. Therefore, it is possible to affirm that the child's expressions are related to the broad or little baggage of experiences with those that count according to the context in which they have developed, where previous knowledge and experiences convert them and characterize singular emitters. However, when the roles are reversed and the learner assumes the role of receiver and the teacher assumes the role of emitter, the teacher is expected to transmit clear and contextualized messages to the maturity levels, both physical and cognitive, of the students (Valenzuela, 2004 and Escandell, 2004).
In the communication process, both the emitter and the receiver must share the same code. That is, share the same language, which can be both verbal and/or non-verbal. Valenzuela (2004) invites the educator to take up the theories of child development raised by Vygotsky, which assume that the school should provide significant opportunities and experiences to the child, that favor and strengthen their development at the lexical, syntactic, pragmatic and phonetic levels.
Ferreira (2007) suggests the application of Corrective Feedback, as a strategy that provides significant elements of the appropriate use of language in the communication exchanges that arise within the classroom between educator-student and student-educator. However, the success of this is accompanied by actions such as the acceptance and internalization that students can make in relation to the contributions that the teacher provides, as well as the forms and strategies with which it provides feedback.
Narrate stories, tales, hold dialogues and conversations, explain and argue ideas, describe objects, people, among others; as well as promoting the capacity of speaking and listening between the educator and students, are activities that expand the opportunity of verbal communication of the students and therefore nurture their language, achieving progressively and more clearly identify the functions and characteristics of this one (SEP, 2011).
The classroom is the ideal space to enrich the development of cognitive abilities of boys and girls, in which they have the opportunity to communicate with various interlocutors. Communication is immersed in the teaching-learning processes in its entirety, the proper implementation of these processes in the school involves children to use more reflective, broad, extensive, rich and precise languages.
Visual literacy and its influence on the development of creative thinking of children
Our ancestors have used various forms of communication to observe, record and transmit messages about what they observed. At present, these forms are no exception, since it is necessary to learn to look, understand, decode and comprehend what the various messages seek to communicate and promote conditions to generate creative individuals in these processes.
Currently, visual language is present in all information dissemination. Villa (2008) considers important that, from the classroom, the understanding of the diversity of texts be encouraged, that is, not only verbal texts. The understanding of these texts requires a process and preparation, as well as the understanding of iconic texts which implies a knowledge of the elements that constitute the visual language.
The communication through the word should generate greater understanding of the messages, that is why it is important to learn to emit clear, fast and effective messages that facilitate the receiver his understanding. Using good and clear words, discriminating between good and bad ideas invite the student to maintain a broad and sustained vision of the idea that is expected to be transmitted.
In this sense, Roam (2011) proposes the implementation of vivid thinking, which entails to the use of the transversality of the routine nature of words with the accompaniment of images. That is, the incorporation of visual media in communication processes, since together they provide a complete interpretation of the world.
Aparici and García (1998) consider visual images as signals that convey specific messages, different from the structure of the language. They consider visual literacy as the process through which an individual decodes and encodes visual elements and implements them to situations that are alien to the teaching-learning processes. Nevertheless, to reach this stage it is considered necessary a training in which the knowledge of the image is introduced and directly involve aspects related to audio-visual and sound topics, among others.
Therefore, we can say that the image reading process lacks certain conditions of use of extra - verbal language, and both the design and the reading the message, demands certain skills and abilities from the emitter or receiver. Therefore, we consider this scenario a great opportunity to provide and open a door to new knowledge and learning.
Working with projects involving the use of images, invites the educator to review the methodologies that he generally implements. It is important that the teacher knows the morphosyntax and semantics of visual language. That is, the concepts, stages of development, the enunciation and the elements that give meaning to the visual composition: rhythm, color, line, dot, shape, texture, plane (Villa, 2008).
Roam (2010) considers that visual thinking is based on a four-step process, which are important to strengthen the skills and abilities of visual thinking, which can be implemented in a random way. The first, Look, supposes the subject to absorb and collect visual information about the environment; See, implies giving it a greater meaning and being aware of what is seen; Imagine, is to see beyond with closed eyes; and Show, is the final step of the process and is to represent all our ideas and perceptions of what we have seen on paper.
Therefore, some activities related to the reinforcement of visual thinking that could be applied in educational contexts are: to make panoramic tours of the context, to identify what is in it; categorize and organize what we see, identify differences and similarities, invert the images and analyze if important changes occur in them, question and annotate the observed, as well as to expose an idea or a word and draw something related to it (Roam, 2010).
As stated by Aparici and García (1998) and Villa (2008), the use of audiovisual media in the learning processes promotes in the students the retention, increased interest and critical analysis, as well as a more complete understanding of the knowledge and the world that surrounds them. However, within the fundamental objectives of visual literacy is to train more critical individuals, able to establish harmony between reflection, reasoning, thinking, feeling, understanding and pleasure. That is, they can find the true meaning and message that the images, signs and symbols seek to transmit.
On the other hand, Robison and Arónica (2009) and Vecina (2006), define creativity as the ability and/or capacity to create, a form of change. A process of progress and adaptations, related to decision making and problem solving through which we bring into play our knowledge and intelligence.
Generally, we relate the theme of creativity to artistic themes. However, it is not limited to this. To understand this domain in depth, our conception of creativity should be broad and open to the possibilities of finding it immersed in each field of development of the subjects. Given this, the opportunities to enhance it in subjects become infinite (Carrascal, 2016).
In this same line, the psychometric approach directly addresses the previous statement, since it assumes creativity as a part of the essence of every individual, recognizing that every person is potentially creative to a greater or lesser degree.
It is convenient to return to creative thinking as a factor that, if focused on education, symbolizes the ability to acquire tools and strategies, which enable the resolution of problems, the readiness to change obtaining significant learning and the transformation of the individual (Pacheco, 2002).
Research and contributions related to the study of creative thinking aimed at understanding the ways to solve problems, determine that individuals with a high degree of creativity apply the same cognitive processes. However, they use them with ambition, efficiency and flexibility. It also concluded that individuals with high levels of creativity take life with a philosophy, where the need to create and innovate allows them to function with greater reflection, passion and commitment Gardner (cited in Pacheco, 2002).
Considering that through divergent thought you open the door to creativity in all circumstances and that lead to reasoning, reflection, analysis, among others; the importance and need to adequately stimulate and promote the development of creativity during childhood arises.
Renzulli and Reis (2007) propose to enrich the curriculum of Children Education with experiences that involve creative processes involving the imagination with a social bond that allow children to propose solutions to their environment and with the peculiarities that this entails.
Based on this analysis, the relationship established between visual literacy and the potentiation of creativity in preschool students has become evident.
The activities that are implemented within the classroom must consider the context, the specific and educational needs, as well as the development processes of the students. To work the transversality of the contents to encourage creativity through various techniques, materials and procedures that enhance the appropriation of new skills related to the expression and visual appreciation, as well as a boost to self-esteem. Carrascal (2016) proposes to incorporate a space within the planning in which the basic concepts (materials, techniques, color, light, textures, among others) that are immersed in the teaching of visual education are retaken. Likewise, he considers the incorporation of technological and computer resources as tools that can support the teacher to work with visual expression. Therefore, we can conclude that the use of these allows to strengthen and deepen contents related to the culture and iconicity of the students.
Also, you can apply other to activities such as reading and denotative analysis of various productions (photographs, paintings, etc.), from the description of the basic resources of the composition, the setting and the characters to delve into the narrative structure) the descriptions of objects and personal (Barragán and Gómez, 2012).
The use of tracing, templates or monotypes, the incorporation of recycled materials to make collages, graphic and plastic works, create objects and sculptures with different materials, among others; as well as the use of dialogue between the educator and the students, are situations that have a great influence on the teaching-learning process. Manipulation and experimentation with different materials contribute to the motivation, attention and reflection of the students, as well as the internalization of specific skills that are necessary for effective development. The former are a series of activities and related oriented to foster imagination, creativity, analysis, problem solving, collaborative work of preschool girls and boys (Aparici and Garcia, 1998; Moreno, 2015; Carrascal, 2016).
For these processes to be effective, the teacher must provide experiences that show the discrepancy between the current thinking of the students and the level of training they could achieve, without losing sight of the importance of these developments occurring naturally, that is, as strategies that directly address the needs, concerns and initiatives of children. Therefore, Barragán and Gómez (2012) manifest the need to have teachers aware of the processes of acquisition and development of artistic languages, as well as reflective and critical teachers, capable of generating, through their experience.
These didactic strategies in Preschool Education generate a relevant research and interest field to understand creativity from all its approaches and variables, because the differences between fields in the nature of creative thinking, and the effects of creativity in people and social systems need a more complete treatment, such as the publication of creative research manuals by Mark Runco and Robert Sternberg (cited in Mumford, 2003), which represents an important step towards the development of a coherent scientific model of the creative act.
Design Thinking as a tool to transform the educational context in the multigrade preschool
From the analysis and the referents of the peculiarities that print the multigrade school context, where the educational processes are developed in Mexico, it is proposed to focus on Design Thinking as an educational proposal that contributes to the strengthening of these educational scenarios.
According to Lipman (2016) one of the singularities of the development of critical thinking as a transcendental element in Design Thinking, is the nobility of this for the adaptation and consideration of the context, since it retakes its global circumstances, conditions and configurations; it is oblivious to all forms of stereotypes and prejudices; and it is based on the principle of formal logic and deep and analytical thinking.
One of the fundamental bases for the obtaining of favorable processes and results through Design Thinking, is in the creative participation of those involved, insofar as elements characteristic of the social, cultural and physical context of these spaces are integrated they will develop experiences that for children will have a greater sense and meaning of the reality that surrounds them.
For this, it is important for educators to stimulate creative work, because the innovative without innovation has no significant contribution to the education of children. Therefore, it is important to create with innovation and social sense, where the discipline, correctly used, can create methodological ways of thinking, designing and proposing creative solutions (Paul and Elder, 2004).
Both communication and visual literacy contribute to the strengthening of the cognitive and affective development processes of the students. In the Design Thinking, the communication becomes relevant through Corrective Feedback. Steinbeck (2011) considers it necessary to contribute to students to arrive to an understanding of what is needed to project their proposals on real events.
Focusing on the ideas of Arheim, Roam, and Molla (cited in Lazo, 2017), with respect to visual literacy and its relationship with Design Thinking, it is concluded that the true scope and meaning of this concept is in the ability to see, discover, appreciate, retain and transfer ideas with all our senses, making it possible to identify and recognize what is invisible to the naked eye.
This analysis relates to communication processes arising in the educational context, with the five steps proposed methodology Design Thinking.
Table 3. Design Thinking and the communication process in the educational context.
Source: Own elaboration.
In Table 3 the methodology of the design thinking is presented in its five stages, associated with the processes of educational communication in the classroom, where it is proposed and described how to achieve a dialogic relationship that allows this process to be bidirectional and non-linear. This situation favors that both educational actors feedback the processes of invention, creation and critical thinking until they reach opportunities for solution. That is, it is a direct demonstration of the traditional processes of student-teacher relationship, therefore, it is an opportunity for innovation and transformation of educational spaces and the formative processes of children.
The experiences of Design Thinking as medium of instruction in the preschool education in Mexico, were collected through public information of the preschool level. These experiences are linked to the maker movement that seek to create technological prototypes to solve real and hypothetical situations that allow the child to develop creativity and technological skills, specifically in computer science and electronics; although they also show evidence of projects carried out without this type of technology, using recycled and plastic materials, as they make explicit that it is a fusion of artistic education, science and humanism.
The initiatives of non-formal education exposed, are initiatives of state governments and public universities, with the goal of bringing to children the opportunity to learn skills related to technology and creativity, but they do not involve the development of a formal curriculum. These are facilities that are usually visited by schools and the general public.
The interest in this type of educational strategies arises from the desire to replace the learning acquired from memory and repetitive, by those who attribute greater importance to learning to think and develop creativity as apprehensible and modifiable skills. Starting from the assumption that education should have as an important part of its objectives, the stimulation of creative thinking and the development of cognitive abilities (Ku, 2009).
Multigrade preschool in Mexico is, without doubt, an educational space with unique characteristics. It develops in contexts that present certain limitations related to infrastructure, furniture, didactic resources, economic resources, public services, among others. However, faced with these limitations, the richness of one's environment does not cease to be present at every moment, which symbolizes a great opportunity and a magnificent tool for the construction of learning and the solution of real problems.
From the proposals of the classic theories of the psychogenetic constructivism of Jean Piaget and the social constructivism of Vigotsky, an Education was advocated that would encourage the formation of inventors, creative, innovative, able to transform their environment with social responsibility, without reproducing schemes that hinder the progress of Science and Culture (Carrera y Mazzarella, 2001, Mounoud, 2001).
Although the materials or means in rurality are different, creativity is an attitude and a praxis that allows to create concrete methods of solution. Moreno (2015) states that as long as the materials meet the criteria of support for learning, the structuring function and the motivating function; any resource can become part of the educational process, since these elements are one of the central axes of the teaching-learning processes. It is here where the selection, classification and construction of materials in Childhood Education is part of the art of being a teacher of Preschool Education in these educational settings.
In this process there is a clear added value to the communication and that the teacher be consequent to strengthen cognitive and affective development processes of students through codes that are not necessarily linguistic, but that potentiate other edges of the process, as visual literacy, which can be quite enriching during the teaching-learning process.
With these strategies it is hoped to strengthen the communication processes in the classroom, understanding that as long as there is greater clarity and effectiveness between the educator and the students, the messages and information will have more meaning and meaning for both educational actors.
The visual literacy and communication create new forms of communication these learning spaces, allowing to learn through the senses – We understand that we have to be highly curious, ask questions, hypotheses and conclusions that transform what we are seeing, what we observe, what we imagine and, consequently, what we create. The aim is to make visualization a means to achieve and strengthen superior cognitive processes. Together with this, communication creates a new form of interaction between student and teacher, encourages a real dialogic relationship, which through curiosity flourishes a process of questionings and concerns.
The feedback and the accompaniment of the educator make the process bi-directional and extremely enriching. In this sense, the teacher becomes a student's guide. As a whole, it can be concluded that they investigate, discover, invent, and above all solve problems in real situations. That is why the application of this methodology and educational vision, encourages future generations to be able to make disruptive proposals with enterprising goals; without this being an exclusive benefit of the children of metropolitan areas, since the development and the technique are susceptible and necessary in any context, generating wealth and better living standards.
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Montserrat Magro Gutiérrez: Graduate in Early Childhood Education by the Normal School of Educators "Bertha Von Glummer and Leyva". Teacher in Pedagogy from the University of Sur. He has taught at private and public pre-school education centers (rural and urban), in the state of Chiapas; Mexico. She has served as a commissioned teacher in the Preschool Curricular Development program belonging to the Technical Education Directorate, serving as Educational Technical Advisor, and has served as Advisor to the Under Secretary of Federalized Education of the State of Chiapas, of the Ministry of Public Education. She is currently a PhD student in Education Sciences at the Camilo José Cela University and member of the Research Group (Gdl) Culture, Society and Education of the UCJC.
Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3176-4682
Google Académico: https://scholar.google.es/citations?hl=es&user=g18MpzIAAAAJ
ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Montserrat_Magro
Silvia Carrascal Domínguez PhD in Fine Arts from the Complutense University of Madrid, Arts´s Expert in Education, Creativity and Management of Social, Cultural and Educational Policies. He has taught at educational centers of the Ministry of Education of the Community of Madrid, at the School of Teaching ESCUNI, attached to the Complutense University and the Degrees of Early Childhood and Primary Education of the International University of La Rioja (UNIR). She is currently Vice-Rector for Teaching and Learning at the Camilo José Cela University. Director of the Research Group (GdI) Culture, Society and Education of the UCJC and research member of the GdI in Recent History (GIHRE) of the University of Navarra and of the GdI Cultures, Religions and Human Rights (CRDH) of the UNIR.
Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4950-669X
Google Académico: https://scholar.google.es/citations?user=gjs5t0MAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao
ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Silvia_Dominguez5
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All pics
Many cultures associate penis size with masculinity. In the study of 67 men complaining of a short penis, none was, in fact, found to be severely short. Both, my partner and I have noticed that. This means that men whose penises are different lengths when flaccid may have similarly sized erect penises. To see your penis as other people would, look at yourself undressed in front of a full-length mirror. A new finding shows evidence of a link between the relative length of a man's index and ring fingers and a way to predict the length of his penis. Talking about sex Before sex: what to ask your partner Where can I get sexual health advice, now?
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Obviously someone is too lazy to use pubmed. Penile length and circumference: a study on 3, young Italian males [Abstract]. And unfounded worries about inadequacy are not helped by the fact that a man's own view of his penis automatically makes it look smaller to him than to someone else. But I don't buy any of this "study". Both, my partner and I have noticed that. However, the authors noted that slight decreases in size may be of limited concern to "aging men" - they found "the difference between men of 70 and 20 was less than a centimeter.
The ideal measurement, according to this study, was a penis As I write this to you, it has been two days since the incident. We normally prescribe certain medication and monitor the response for a few days. What was found was that size does matter, as on average, men who were taller with larger penises were ranked as more sexually appealing, the mtlblog. But I don't buy any of this "study". Page last reviewed: 6 April Next review due: 6 April
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coupons | coupon code | promo code | discount coupon | copy code As-it-happens update ⋅ 27 April 2018 NEWS Former Oakland County Sheriff's Reserve deputy charged with selling opioids WDIV ClickOnDetroit According to the United States Attorney's Office, Vasquez filled prescriptions for oxycodone and illegally sold them for profit between November 2014 and November 2017. Vasquez was an Oakland County Sheriff's Reserve deputy at the time, but no longer holds the position. The indictment alleges that, ... Flag as irrelevant Google is giving away discount codes for movie tickets to Local Guides Phone Arena It's a neat thing, this, but the problem is that Google hasn't given any clear directions as to what requirements need to be fulfilled in order to qualify for a discount code. A number Reddit users, who are Level 6 guides, have reported receiving an email from Google about the promotion, so Level 6 may be ... Flag as irrelevant See more results | Edit this alert You have received this email because you have subscribed to Google Alerts. Unsubscribe | View all your alerts Receive this alert as RSS feed Send Feedback
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One in potentially life-threatening condition after crash near Chestermere
A woman was seriously hurt after a midday collision on Highway 1, west of Chestermere, amid snowy road conditions Monday.
An SUV and a flatbed tow truck collided at the scene at about 12:15 p.m.
The victim, thought to be in her 50s, was transported by STARS air ambulance to hospital in life-threatening condition. She had to be extracted from the SUV, and may have internal injuries.
An adult male who was also in the SUV and the driver of the tow truck were unhurt.
Strathmore RCMP have closed the eastbound lanes of Highway 1 between Paradise Road and the Chestermere off-ramp, but westbound lanes remain clear.


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June 16, 2010
Posted by Michelle
Let's get sauced — grilled tomato sauced
It is no secret that I love to grill. Anything that I can grill gets grilled. Why not tomatoes for a quick fabulous sauce? Why haven't I done this before? In my CSA box this week I got one beautiful deep red tomato; it was such an incredible color that I picked up a couple [...]


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tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757733747822094075.post3300061418449319414..comments2018-07-17T02:39:05.592-07:00Comments on Create / Enjoy: Sewing Circle: A beautiful 30's retro dress!Adventures in Dressmakinghttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757733747822094075.post-4946350496518324442012-03-01T14:30:09.170-08:002012-03-01T14:30:09.170-08:00Aaw, thanks! It's fun to do whatever you can ...Aaw, thanks! It's fun to do whatever you can when you have a few spare minutes. Sometimes I sew one seam or paint one thing and then have to move on!Adventures in Dressmakinghttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757733747822094075.post-60737842352756572002012-02-28T12:56:46.199-08:002012-02-28T12:56:46.199-08:00What a great dress and a sweet blog you have! If I...What a great dress and a sweet blog you have! If I only had the time to sew...Victoriahttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757733747822094075.post-11952855534939791772012-02-27T12:31:12.243-08:002012-02-27T12:31:12.243-08:00Of course--"splicing" is a great way to ...Of course--"splicing" is a great way to have barely-limited options for so many different things! Once you start thinking that way, sooo many choices!Adventures in Dressmakinghttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757733747822094075.post-13053261895690084462012-02-27T08:31:00.841-08:002012-02-27T08:31:00.841-08:00Thanks for all your insight into mixing and matchi...Thanks for all your insight into mixing and matching patterns. I always come up short in my search for the right pattern and have been trying to lean to draft them on my own. However, splicing patterns together seems like a better place for me to start since I have such limited sewing skills. Thanks again!Clairehttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757733747822094075.post-89820015154771804042012-02-23T17:41:06.393-08:002012-02-23T17:41:06.393-08:00Yes, I looked at that one too--the good thing abou...Yes, I looked at that one too--the good thing about those Project Runway ones is they have SO many pieces so you can mix and match pretty easily! Good idea, converting a wrap to something like the inspiration dress.Adventures in Dressmakinghttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757733747822094075.post-66386489169277654782012-02-23T15:26:10.428-08:002012-02-23T15:26:10.428-08:00Haha I was going to say I tried on something just ...Haha I was going to say I tried on something just like that at Old Navy last week :PSusanhttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757733747822094075.post-14811748120828756622012-02-23T10:50:06.941-08:002012-02-23T10:50:06.941-08:00Really great dress! The new spring patterns from S...Really great dress! The new spring patterns from Simplicity have a dress that could be tweaked to get fairly close, # 1880 which is a half-shirtdress.
http://www.simplicity.com/p-7453-misses-dresses-project-runway-collection.aspx#t-0
One of the views has a wrap front but you could get rid of the wrap easily by simply tracing the bodice front, find the center front and cut it there then simply place the center front on the fold when cutting it out to get a non wrap front. You would also need to making a facing or line it.

A muslin for these types of alterations would be must, you wouldn't want to ruin your cute polka-dots after all ;)elisehttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757733747822094075.post-27417116595684625662012-02-23T09:00:47.247-08:002012-02-23T09:00:47.247-08:00It does look a little tricky, although I'm bet...It does look a little tricky, although I'm betting the toughest part would be the fabric texture! Slippery! The patterns aren't too complicated, really. =)Adventures in Dressmakinghttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757733747822094075.post-79808346280026335502012-02-23T09:00:07.851-08:002012-02-23T09:00:07.851-08:00WOW, awesome! That is totally the same look! I mi...WOW, awesome! That is totally the same look! I might go that route myself... plus, stuff at Old Navy usually goes down 40% in price on weekends or special sales ;) Might be cheaper than buying the fabric!Adventures in Dressmakinghttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757733747822094075.post-84896250042674052302012-02-23T08:59:14.679-08:002012-02-23T08:59:14.679-08:00Ooh, lucky, I've been looking for the perfect ...Ooh, lucky, I've been looking for the perfect polka dot myself!Adventures in Dressmakinghttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757733747822094075.post-70156682651671844852012-02-23T08:42:27.195-08:002012-02-23T08:42:27.195-08:00Amen I was going to say that! I know a few of my l...Amen I was going to say that! I know a few of my local stores were clearancing it too!Shelleyhttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757733747822094075.post-24730025997572067552012-02-23T07:20:36.314-08:002012-02-23T07:20:36.314-08:00Or you could buy the dress for a very reasonable p...Or you could buy the dress for a very reasonable price at Old Navy. I know that takes all the fun out of it - but think about the instant gratification!! And for $35 - wow. such a great look at a great price. http://oldnavy.gap.com/browse/product.do?pid=1116550020001&cid=15292Rethahttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757733747822094075.post-27628375993358515932012-02-23T06:36:58.427-08:002012-02-23T06:36:58.427-08:00I have that exact fabric! I have three yards of na...I have that exact fabric! I have three yards of navy and white polka dot chiffon and I've been struggling to think of something to make with it. Maybe this would be perfect!Juliahttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757733747822094075.post-53722990429470965762012-02-23T06:04:27.289-08:002012-02-23T06:04:27.289-08:00Such a cute dress! I'm nowhere near good enoug...Such a cute dress! I'm nowhere near good enough to start on this!Karahttps://firstname.lastname@example.com


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This super sweet set from Mayoral newborn collection is perfect for your little man. Consisting of a cute blue top, and matching grey trousers, your little one will look adorable in this Mayoral baby set. Made from pure cotton, the blue top has a crisp white pointed collar with fine blue trim, long sleeves, and popper fastenings down the back. While a blue car motif is appliqued on the front with embroidered wheels, and two slip pockets lie further down. Complete with matching grey trousers with a comfortable elasticated waistband.
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not an m35 but more MAN style
Found a couple of the Cross-RC bodies on Aliexpress for over $100. I may possibly go that route if I can get more info on what all comes with it.
Finally found it again. Looks like it's just the cab only without any detail pieces.
Last edited by Brake Weight; 01-30-2017 at 19:19.
I looked a little further and found what I needed to know. The cross bodies are expensive and too narrow for the scx10 axles I wanted to use. The first link shows some measurements and at 193mm tire center to tire center wide, it's not wide enough.
I found a full body minus the canvas for $300+91 shipping.
Canvas was another $80 or so.
Last edited by Brake Weight; 01-31-2017 at 04:20.
Doesn't look like a duece or 5 ton to me, looks russian
I know. It's the closest I can find so far. I didn't realize static models near 1/10 scale are rare. Even more rare for military vehicles. I did find a 1/6 Jeep that may work on a set of ar60s I have. Specs for these are nearly nonexistent. May as well get a lexan GMade Jeep body and be done going that route. I'll keep randomly looking as the urges come and go.
I'm totally with you, I've been wanting to make my scx10 into a 6x6 m35 or 923 for a long time but just can't find the cab... im going to end up making one scratch built very soon
Last edited by Jeeperjoe; 01-31-2017 at 11:03.
The Cross bodies are showing up the big auction site for about $85...plus the same in shipping. So maybe they'll be getting a little more cheaper sooner than later.
Update for a 1:16.
Found this one last night and ordered it. It's cheap and has cheap electronics. But is leaf sprung and looks like it has metal channel chassis rails. Cool scale body and appears to be LED headlights already installed. For the price the body is worth that to me. Now to wait for them to come back in stock and in my hands so I can get proper measurements. I'm hoping something like an ECX Temper can be a donor of axles and tranny.
I haven't been this excited about an RC in a long time. Sure hope they get off back order soon.


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Myles Bader Nov 21, 2019 5With a positive attitude of "regard the market, regard the custom, regard the science", the company works actively to do research and development. ANSHAN JIASHUN ARTS AND CRAFTS CO.,LTD did a good job !Hope we have a future business relationships and achieving mutual success.
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"very flexible which allowed a truly smooth move!"
In one word, EXCELLENT service from start to finish! From Mark,Shellie,Ruth,Doug and our delivery team - Outstanding! We had several changes that we had to initiate during our move --- dates, times etc. Crown was very flexible which allowed a truly smooth move! True Professional! Treated like family!


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Economics Handwritten Notes Pdf
Economics Handwritten Classroom Notes for AE AEE PDF
First of this bridge was built during the 19th century without any suspenders. Suspension bridges are used for highways, where the span of a bridge is more than 650ft. Essentially a suspension bridge consists of the following elements: (i) cable, (ii) suspenders, (iii) deck including the stiffening girder, (iv) supporting tower, (v) anchorage.
Economics Handwritten Classroom NotesThe cables here are made from thousands of steel wires bound together tightly, a single as thick as 0.1 inches can support over half a ton without failing. Due to the materials used for construction and its complexity, the cost of construction is very high.
Economics Handwritten Classroom
The uniformly distributed load or equal load is transferred from the deck to the main cables through suspenders. Since the cable is the main load bearing member, the curvature of unstiffened bridge changes as the load moves on the deck. In order to avoid that, the decking is stiffened with three hinged or two hinged stiffening girder. The stiffening girder transfers the uniformly distributed load to each suspender, irrespective of the load position on the deck.
Economics Handwritten
Economics Handwritten Notes Pdf------->CLICK HERE


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Limited warranty – 1 year. Interface Required Connector Type. Epson WorkForce WF – printer – color – ink-jet Sign in to comment Be respectful, keep it civil and stay on topic. TheEpson WF essentially matches the WF for paper handling, but it isn't as fast, and it doesn't offer Wi-Fi or mobile printing. With the output tray fully open, the depth grows to Assuming you have room for it, however, setup is standard.
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If you connect the printer to a single PC via a USB cable, you lose the ability to print through the cloud, but you can still print from a mobile device by using Wi-Fi Direct to connect directly to the printer from the device.
Not yet an Epson partner? Log in Not signed in yet? For paper handling, the WF offers two paper wc rather than one, plus a duplexer for two-sided printingand a manual feed slot.
The manual feed slot gives you the additional flexibility of being able to print a short document on a third size or type of paper without having to swap out the paper in either tray. Bottom Line The Epson WorkForce WF inkjet printer offers fast speed, a low price, and excellent paper handing for dealing with standard paper sizes up to 13 by 19 inches, and even larger.
Epsom by Rick Broida Oct 16, Letter A Size 8. However, if you expect photos to have a glossy finish, you might not like the matte look. Connect the printer to a network by Ethernet or Wi-Fi, and you can print from iOS, Android, Windows Phone, and Kindle Fire devices through a Wi-Fi access point on your network, fpson well as print through the cloud if the network is connected to the Internet.
The Epson WorkForce WF inkjet printer offers fast speed, a low price, and excellent paper handing for dealing with standard paper sizes up to 13 by 19 inches, and even larger. Compared with its most direct competition, like the Canon Pixma iX Wireless Inkjet Printerit delivers far better paper handling and speed.
Epson WorkForce WF-7110
Epson WorkForce WF – printer – color – ink-jet. The printer weighs a hefty Laptops by Dan Ackerman Nov 26, The WF is an impressive inkjetby any reasonable standards.
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Epson WorkForce WF Review & Rating |
Output Quality Output quality for the WF was uneven in my tests, with excellent text and photo quality for an inkjet, but slightly subpar graphics with the default settings. Max Printing Speed Color ppm. Looking for a tech gift that's not too expensive?
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Epson WorkForce WF-7110 – printer – color – ink-jet
In addition, you can load a single sheet of paper as large as 13 by 44 inches in either paper drawer, according to Epson, something I couldn't test because I didn't have any paper that size rpson hand.
We respect your privacy. How to Block Robocalls and Spam Calls. On some pages, however, I saw minor banding in large blocks of dark colors, like black and dark green.
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Letter: Hillary sold out
What really happened? Hillary continually deludes herself that she is viable, despite the fact that she lives in a bubble between her truly noble ideals and the reality of getting lip service from funders. She hasn't detected any conflict of interests … ever.
She's not really her own person, nor has she ever been. That's what happened. Anyone who sells out loses the power to lead, be they man or woman.
Fred Stewart
Grand Junction
Start a dialogue, stay on topic and be civil.
If you don't follow the rules, your comment may be deleted.


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Is robert pattinson still dating kristen stewart 2019, more kristen stewart news
Robert Patterson might be dating Kristen Stewart. Is Kristen stewert And Robert Patterison dating? Will Kristen and Robert go out?
Because he just couldn't forgive and forget, Pattinson was reportedly in an intense state of paranoia as their relationship headed toward the point of no return. Did Robert Pattinson cheat on Kristen Stewart? Despite skyrocketing to fame and enjoying a massive fan following, Pattinson has stuck to the Indie scene and away from big-ticket films. Are Kristen and Nikki still friends? Is Kristen Stewart still with edward?
Yes, new sublime Kristen Stewart and Nikki Reed are still friends. Rob has a crush on Kristen but they are not in love nor dating. Is Kristen stweart a lesbian? The Stewart-Sanders cheating scandal Getty Images. They are actually best friends.
- Is a reconciliation in the works?
- Is Robert pattinson dating Kristen Stewart?
- None of the blogs or other sources of information is to be considered as constituting a track record.
- Kristen and Robert are just friends.
But no one knows if they are still. Who has Robert Pattinson dated in the past? How science fiction and fantasy can help us make sense of the world. Kristen only wanted media attention on her own terms Getty Images. If that doesn't sound hopeful enough, less than two weeks after their reunion, Pattinson had some kind words to say in regards to his ex.
They were co-dependent Getty Images. Who is Kristen Stewert going out with? Katy warned him that Kristen will end up hurting him again.
What else have you lied about? Taylor Swift and Karlie Kloss friendship in question. The publication insisted that he and Caitlin were just friends, but we're not sure what to believe at this point. The good news is that the actress has been a part of some major projects since the end of Twilight and has a good shot of landing whatever she desires. Actually there are just friends now, great but someone saw that Kristen and Robert are dating.
How the Volkswagen Beetle sparked America's art car movement. Some reports suggested an overlap, with Stewart and Pattinson being spotted holding hands just a week before Angarano came to visit Stewart on the Twilight set. No, Robert Pattinson still has his hair and did not change it. The duo has been spotted together multiple times and was even seen wearing matching outfits during their public strolls. The stories of Robert fathering Kristen Stewart's baby are completely false.
Is Kristen Stewart trying to stop smoking? However, many things have happened since then and they broke up after just a couple of years. Sources told Us Weekly that Pattinson was, understandably, humiliated by the incident, but was still in love with Stewart.
Dating History
Robert Pattinson's family wasn't too keen on K-Stew after the cheating scandal. Jigen goes to Konohagakure. However, Kristen Stewart has already come forward and debunked this narrative. Is Robert Pattinson dating pixie lott?
We still do not know if Pattinson and Nolan are teaming up, but it could definitely provide an opportunity to reunite with Stewart. But, clearly, it wasn't enough to help their romance go the distance. Who was Kristen Stewart dating before Robert? Now, Kristen Stewart is dating stylist Sara Dinkin with their relationship going through the early stages of dating.
Kristen Stewart
Kristen and Rob both now count themselves as single people. Robert Pattinson will still remain in all of the movies. Like Pattinson, Stewart almost never talks about her relationships.
Are Robert Pattinson and Kristen Stewart still going out? EconoTimes expressly disclaims any liability for any lost principal or profits without limitation which may arise directly or indirectly from the use of or reliance on such information. But in our world they don't have as much.
Kristen isn't even pregnant. Who is Kristen Stewart dating? So basically they are no longer together. Her cheating basically opened other doors in their relationship of what they didn't like of each other. He may have been a player too Getty Images.
Is Robert Pattinson and Kristen still together
Are Nikki Reed and Robert Pattinson dating? Which co star is Robert Pattinson dating? Are Kristen Stewart and Robert pattinsin dating?
Kristen Stewart and her girlfriend Sara Dinkin show off their fit figures! Are Robert pattison and Kristen Stewart in love? As far as Stewart is concerned, the actress has also dated several women over the years. As for the possibility of Kristen Stewart and Robert Pattinson getting back together, the chances of it happening is bleak at best.
Robert Pattinson Wants To Reunite With Kristen Stewart To Boost Career
They had a faulty foundation Getty Images. Their schedules got hectic Getty Images. Does Robert Pattinson like Kristen Stewart? Two wrongs don't make a right, so Kristen Stewart's cheating doesn't excuse Robert Pattinson's, but he may not have been too innocent during their relationship, dating my ex after either.
Pattinson stays out of the spotlight
- Home birth may start babies off with health-promoting microbes.
- After their, well Kristen Stewart's big cheating scandal, Robert Pattinson can no longer trust Kristen so he has dumped her to build their trust and friendship back up.
- During their time together, Pattinson was accused of hooking up with Caitlin Cronenberg.
- Is robert pattinson and Kristen Stewart still dating?
- Only he knows the answer to that.
- Is Kristen and Robert Pattinson still together?


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Fiesta Crafts Magnetic Star Chart124/5228
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About this product
We know children are little stars, but getting them to do what you need sometimes requires a little gentle persuasion. This large star chart helps to do that as it's a great visual way to set tasks and show your children how they are progressing towards being rewarded for their hard work. You can set the tasks – there are 20 to choose from ranging from going to bed on time, doing homework, tidying up toys or brushing teeth. You also set a target for how many stars have to be achieved in a week.
Easy-to-use magnetic wipe clean board.
Can be used for 1-4 children with colour-coded stars.
Includes dry wipe pen and 200+ magnetic stars.
Now comes with magnetic backing so it can also be attached to a fridge.
- Size H35.5, W31, D0.5cm.
- Weight 589g.
- For ages 3 years and over.
- Not suitable for children under 3 years old.
- Only for domestic use.
- To be used under the direct supervision of an adult.
The small print
*Prices correct as displayed but are subject to change.
The customer and brand answers you'll see above are submitted independently. As we don't review these answers, we can't take responsibility for anything they may say. The responses from Argos colleagues are accurate at the time of publishing. For the latest info, you should check the product page.


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Tag Archives: slow roasted
Slow, Slow Tomatoes
Egad. Twelve days gone by since my last post, just like that. My oh my, where does the time go? In an attempt to catch up, allow me to bring you in a veritable flash, quick as can be, some … Continue reading
Posted in Uncategorized Tagged CSA, roma tomatoes, slow roasted, tomato 5 Comments


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PsychConsult Provider® is used extensively by behavioral health and social service organizations to integrate their clinical workflow and revenue cycle: from the initial patient intake and appointment scheduling through the receipt of payment for services. However, external documents from other providers and patients' insurance companies still present a paper challenge for these organizations. ApplicationXtender for PsychConsult Provider provides integrated storage and retrieval of paper documents from within each of four critical workflow screens in PsychConsult Provider. Furthermore, not only are documents linked to specific screens in the application, but access to those documents is secured by automatic integration with PsychConsult Provider's existing security rules. Through this powerful integration, ApplicationXtender for PsychConsult provides out-of-the box document imaging for virtually any user of PsychConsult.
ApplicationXtender (AX) from EMC, is document management software that allows for document capture, storage and retrieval. AX is a very powerful document repository with full document indexing, searching and retrieval capabilities. AX uses industry standard, open databases to provide for easy application integration. In order to integrate with PsychConsult Provider, Systems Imaging has integrated ApplicationXtender within four critical screens in Provider's workflow: Quick Patient, Clinical Documents, Coverage Profile, and Patient Intake. If a user in Provider has the user rights necessary to be in any of these screens, they can click a button and immediately locate all scanned documents for the patient record that they viewing in Provider.
Built-in integration along with automatic security means that you can be up and running with both the PsychConsult and ApplicationXtender databases immediately – and the imaging component is delivered to you right out-of-the box! If you already have PsychConsult, then the security and integration module means you can "bolt on" the document imaging solution without any additional steps or development time needed to link your existing PsychConsult solution with a world-class document imaging solution.
Out-of-the box integration currently works from within four important domains from within PsychConsult – Intake, Quick Patient, Clinical Documents and Coverage Profile. When a user is on a client record in these screens, they can either select a hot key, or a function icon in PsychConsult. The integration will immediately retrieve corresponding scanned client images for that client.
Integration does not stop there, however. The security profiles in PsychConsult are the same profiles used by document imaging. Users will only have access to scanned images if their security setup allows them to view corresponding client information in PsychConsult as well. All this happens automatically and in real-time. No additional administrative or IT resources are needed to set it up. It is all done with the integration, out-of-the box, and all at once.
The third important way that the integration helps is with data quality. The data used to index documents in the document imaging module is automatically kept consistent with the data in PsychConsult. When you add documents to the imaging component, data values are pulled from and checked against PsychConsult – ensuring that the data between the two systems is the same all the time. And when adding a document, a user can use a function of the integration module to "remember" the last client accessed in PsychConsult. This feature allows them to automate the indexing. With another hot key function, a document can be scanned into imaging and indexed with the last known client ID values. This further enhances efficiencies by increasing the data quality vis-à-vis reducing key stroke errors and also by saving time due to less data input effort.
Getting started with document imaging means getting documents into your database quickly and efficiently. Fujitsu document scanners offer world-class desktop, departmental and centralized styles of scanner models. All models come with automatic documents feeders, extra long life bulbs and Kofax Virtual Rescan (VRS). VRS automatically detects and dynamically sets the optimal scanner settings for you for each and every page that feeds through the scanner!
The Nexsan InfiniVault is an intelligent archival storage and data preservation system that retains digital assets at the lowest cost and power profile as long as is required. It reduces primary and backup storage by over 50% and lowers power consumption by 75%, and uses RDX removable disk technology to provide the performance of online storage with the economics of offline storage.
InfiniVault is designed to automate compliance for the most rigorous business rules whether driven by corporate policies, government regulations or legal requirements. InfiniVault is simple to install and easy to use. It is addressed as simple NAS storage with a "set it and forget it" user interface.
Systems Imaging provides all the necessary professional services to insure you have a successful implementation and a long-term solution. Our services include; analysis, software and hardware installation, integration with PsychConsult, training, and on-going support.
Contact Systems Imaging today for an Askesis Document Management consultation


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VARDAMAN, Miss. (WTVA) - According to Vardaman Police Chief Kenneth Scott, Jeffrey Townsend is facing three charges in Vardaman. Those charges are domestic violence, simple assault, and discharging a firearm in the city limits.
Chief Scott says the victim tried to run over Townsend last Friday and Townsend fired shots at her tires while there were children in the vehicle. He turned himself into police on Monday and surrendered his firearm to authorities.
Chief Scott says the victim's statements have been conflicting and she wants the charges dropped.
According to police, Townsend is being held in the Calhoun County Jail. His court date is set for July 25th at 6 p.m.
To see the original article for this story, click here.
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What is A.I ??
What is A.I ??
AI a field in computer science that deals with implementing human mind or simulating the human mind into the machine.
We Homo Sapiens are here in 21st tech advanced age through our mental capacity. For thousands of years, we have tried to understand how we think about how we process information and generate the response. But A.I goes further than studying this complex process, it does not just attempt to understand this process but also to build an Intelligent entity. So in simple terms can be defined as copying the human mind and its process into the machine.
Definition of A.I / Four Approaches of AI
- Acting rationally
- Thinking Rationally
- Acting humanly
- Thinking humanly
Foundation of Artificial intelligence
● Philosophy
● mathematics
● Economics
● Neuroscience
● Computer engineering
● Psychology
● Control theory and Cybernetics
● Linguistics
YOU CAN LEARN THE FROM THE VIDEO TUTORIAlS
FROM the FOLLOWING PLAYLIST:


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GBP/USD Daily Forecast – Pound Regains 1.25 Handle on a Weaker DollarThe British pound rallied against the greenback in North American trading on Thursday after rhetoric from a Fed member was perceived more dovish than expected.
GBP/USD Bought From Lows Once Again
Similar to last week, GBP/USD dipped to notable lows this week but has caught a strong bid in the second half of the week to erase a bulk of the earlier losses.
On a weekly chart, 1.2523 has supported the pair on a candle close basis. Currently, the pair trades close to it and a weekly close above it would lead to a reversal pattern.
The pair managed to scale above resistance yesterday after a speech from New York Fed President Williams suggested the Fed may ease aggressively at their meeting later this month.
This has not been the first Fed member that has hinted that the central bank should consider a larger rate hike at the meeting ahead rather than two individual 25 basis point cuts over by the end of the year.
Fed member Evans is the other FOMC participant that seems to be thinking along the same lines. He recently argued that making a larger cut now could help move inflation higher over a shorter period of time.
Technical Analysis
Yesterday's recovery shows strength considering the large daily candle print. I also think there were some notable technical breaks.
First, the pair has rallied above a three-week declining trendline. The pair was last seen retesting this trendline. As well, the pair has regained the 1.2500 handle which is considered to be quite significant considering its psychological properties.
As already mentioned, the weekly candle is in focus. Today's price action will tend to be important. I think if the pair is able to close near current levels, it might cause some panic among bears that sold earlier in the week.
Having said that, the British pound has consistently been weak in July, when compared to its major counterparts. In this context, it might be too soon to call a significant bottom in place.
Bottom Line
- GBP/USD is retesting a broken trendline that originates from a high posted in late June.
- The weekly candle is in focus and suggests reversal potential.
- The pair will need to hold above 1.2500 to maintain the bullish momentum.


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£71.00 ex VAT | £85.20 Inc VAT
The Go Direct Sensor Cart Accessory Kit includes springs, magnets, masses, and replacement parts for the Go Direct Sensor Cart.
Available to OrderEmail to a friend
The Go Direct Sensor Cart Accessory Kit includes springs, magnets, masses, and replacement parts for the Go Direct Sensor Cart. The kit makes multiple-collision experiments possible, supporting impulse and momentum/energy conservation experiments, among others. Purchase one kit per lab station of one or two carts.
- Heavy hoop spring bumper (1)
- Light hoop spring bumper (1)
- Magnet tabs (4)
- Hook-and-pile tabs (2)
- Masses (4)
- Magnetic bumper (2)
- Force sensor hook (3)
- Rubber bumper (3)
- Anti-roll peg (3)
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Product Code: 51414432
WOOL STRIPED CREW NECK JUMPERAirforce Blue SAMUELS WOOL STRIPED CREW NECK JUMPER in Airforce Blue
$180 $55
Delivery & Returns - FREE DELIVERY ON ALL ORDERS OVER £150
Delivery is free on orders over $300.
Delivery Methods
- Standard $25
Delivery is free on orders over $300.
Orders will usually be delivered within 3-4 working days.
Design & Fit
The Samuels jumper in navy has been crafted in wool for optimum insulation and a soft feel while the knitted stripe offers a subtle design-led edge. Wear it with jeans and brown Chelsea boots for an off-duty look.
- 100% wool
- Crew neckline
- Long sleeves
- Regular fit
The model is wearing a size M
Model is 6ft 2.5" / 189 cm, and a 0" / 0cm chest and a 30" / 76cm waist
Care & Fabric
Composition - 100% Wool
Washcare - Can be washed using machine handwash settings