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This holiday season, we are hosting our second annual Christmas Toy Drive Cruise, and we are super excited!
Join us in gifting bundles of joy to underprivileged children of our community while providing a magical experience with Santa and the Party Elves.
Event Details
During our cruise, all donated toys will be given away as we set sail with Santa and the Party Elves. Onboard, our special guests will enjoy live entertainment, face painting, dancing, balloon making, experience a magic show, and meet Santa!
Snacks and beverages will be provided along with an exciting tour of the NYC harbor with views of the skyline, bridges, and up-close views of the Statue of Liberty.
From Pier 36, we start boarding at 2:00 pm and depart at 3:00 pm. After tons of fun, we are back at the dock at 5:00 pm.
What to expect
Tons of Fun with Live Entertainment
We will dance with the party elves to hits mixed by our live DJ and experience a magic show by a tricky Elf!
Picture with Santa
Naughty or nice, every kid will get the chance to meet Santa and take a picture!
Free Christmas Gifts
Empire Cruises will be handing every child a Christmas gift!
Amazing Views
Our cruise route will provide breathtaking views of NYC with plenty of picture-taking moments!
How to attend
To attend this event as a guest, all children and guardians must register in advance.
How to help us
We truly appreciate any help. To volunteer, please register by completing our Volunteer Registration Form.
We look forward to welcoming you all aboard and providing a joyful experience! Happy holidays.


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Foldable NB Cooler
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CLEVELAND — Turns out, Kyrie Irving didn't have a flu bug. He had bed bugs.
Following Monday's loss to Detroit, the Cavaliers star guard said he left Sunday's nationally televised game against the Thunder because he was shaken up after being bitten in his hotel room and not sleeping.
"As you can see I got it at the top of my head, it's just like bed bugs and I didn't get any sleep," Irving said, showing reporters evidence of his encounter with the little critters. "We came into the game, then I was freaked out, then I started feeling nauseous."
The Cavaliers stayed in the Skirvin Hilton in Oklahoma City on Saturday night. The hotel already has quite the reputation among NBA teams for being haunted. The Knicks blamed a 2010 loss to the Thunder on a sleepless night after an unexplained night of creeks and groans in the hotel.
The legend has to do with a maid named Effie, who supposedly killed herself in the hotel in the early 1900's after sleeping and having a baby with the hotel's widowed owner, W.B. Skrivin.
"Everyone in the league knows about her," former Thunder forward Caron Butler told the New York Times in 2014.
Ghosts were the least of Irving's problems.
When Irving left Sunday's game after nine minutes, the team said he was dealing with flu-like symptoms. However, he said that was a cover-up to help him deal with being tired after sleeping for just three hours.
"Just imagine how freaked out you'd be if you saw friggin' five, big bed bugs just sitting on your pillow," he said. "I woke up itching and I'm just looking around and I'm like, 'Are you serious right now?' It was 3 a.m. and I was so tired at that point."
Despite playing most of the game without Irving, the Cavs beat the Thunder 115-92.
Irving said he felt better Monday, when he scored a team-high 30 points in Cleveland's 96-88 loss to the Pistons. He said his teammates didn't have to tangle with the unwelcomed visitors in his hotel.
"It is what it is," he said. "I feel like I got the worst of it. I wound up sleeping on the couch, waking up my back was tight. It was a long night, two nights ago. I just wanted to get back home to Cleveland."


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Written by Jim Edwards (SUMite) -Paperback
Living and Breathing the Psalms is a raw and very personal prayer journey. Here are the Old Covenant prayers, poems and songs to the Lord, re-framed through intimacy and relationship with each member of the Trinity. From this perspective the Psalms break open in a simple, fresh and dynamic way. Key life themes lie in these ancient songs of worship, at the very heart of Old Covenant experience, belief and ritual. Exploring them, we find them unlocked through an intimate relationship with our Savior and King, Firstborn Son of our Heavenly Papa God, as revealed to us by Holy Spirit. Here unashamedly viewed through faith and trust in Mighty King Jesus, Mashiach, the Anointed One, is pain, hurt and grief, side by side with fire, passion,m love, thanks, praise and worship. As you put your hope and faith in Him, may you find here your heart's cries to our High King of Heaven and Earth.
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Share your voice, heart and love in the comments.
Marching Around Jericho is a spiritual guide. As you read through the pages, powerful and transformative instruction and equipping takes place. We follow Jesus as he leads us around the walls, imparting kingdom truths with each passing, finally arriving at the gates of the walled-off city, our spouse's unbelieving heart. After the circles in prayer are complete, we arrive fully prepared to command the walls to crumble and be removed, making a way for our spouse to step from the rubble of lies and captivity, into faith and freedom!


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If you think white bedding is boring, think again. Whether you add a punchy coverlet, decorative pillows, or keep it monochrome, pure white sheeting lets you embrace any look you can dream up.
Clean Slate
With white as the foundation, anything goes for bedding extras. Playful additions, like this ikat quilt, geometric throw pillow, and tweed boudoir shams, are your moment to infuse personality into the look.
Cloud 9
There's something so ethereal about a light blue bedroom. Add white bedding and the look goes from serene to downright dreamy.
Supporting Role
When a bedroom already has a few bold elements, like this amazing lattice wallpaper and shapely headboard, it's great to keep the bedding simple and subtle.
Bright Whites
In a sea of emerald, sage, and jade, bright white bedding adds some serious pop and becomes the unexpected star of the room.
Kids' tastes change by the minute but simple white sheeting is one thing they'll never get sick of. Just add and subtract youthful throws and pillows to keep up with their evolving style.


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A secure portal allowing our customers and vendors 24/7 access to their operational and financial information.
From left to right: Capt. Kuba Szymanski, Secretary General of InterManager; Prabhat Jha, Group Managing Director of MSC Shipmanagement; Mike Powell, Master of ceremonies
MSC's Master Maksym Cherniy has won Seafarer of the Year in the inaugural CrewConnect Global Industry Awards, held at the CrewConnect Global conference in Manila, in the Philippines.
CrewConnect Global, well attended by all involved in crewing worldwide, is an important event for the industry and it launched the Global Industry Awards to mark its 20th anniversary this year.
The Seafarer of the Year award is for an active seafarer who has stood out in the last 12 months for making a real difference to the crew and operations on board.
There can be many kinds of incidents on board vessels which require good preparations, procedures and teamwork, including piracy. In March, MSC Maria was pursued and boarded by armed pirates in a speedboat off Nigeria. As the pirates were boarding the vessel, the crew managed to retreat into the citadel and the incident was resolved with all crew and the vessel safe.
Continuous commitment
The award was received by Prabhat Jha, Group Managing Director of MSC Shipmanagement, on behalf of Master Cherniy. MSC was also shortlisted in two other categories, Safety at Sea and Welfare and CSR.
"I am really proud of the Master's and crew's behaviour on the MSC Maria. This is an example of how professional skill and company procedures are important for safety at sea," said Capt. Gianluigi Aponte, Group Executive Chairman.
"I wish therefore to congratulate Prabhat and the team for the continuous commitment in improving the skill of the crew and for the implementation of the procedures, focused to protect the safety of our crew."
The award shows how MSC's systems – the procedures and their very close implementation – ensured that the ship and its crew were safe, Prabhat Jha explained. It also demonstrates the leadership quality of senior officers including Master Cherniy, thanks to a dedicated focus on the leadership development programme for crew.
Any statements and/or information provided in this section or in any press release published into it, is solely for general information purposes. Specifically statements and/or information provided are not meant as and cannot be construed to contain any legally binding offer by or on behalf of MSC that is open for acceptance.
MSC is on a well-defined pathway to meet the 2030 IMO level of ambition for CO2 emissions intensity reduction.
MSC boosting environmental performance
MSC is a responsible company and we implement a variety of measures to ensure the safety and security of our containers and our customers' cargo within them
MSC Statement
Congratulations to MSC Dubai rewarded the 'Shipping Line of the year 2019' at the Transport & Logistics Middle East (TLME) Excellence Awards
MSCis honoured to receive this award for the third successive year
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Actinostachys pennula
Gen. Fil. plate 111A. 1842
Illustrator: John Myers
Habitat: On and around rotten stumps and decomposing litter in damp forests and open baylands.
Fla., West Indies, Central America, South America.
Small individuals of Actinostachys pennula have sometimes been called A. germanii, but plants conforming to A. germanii are merely at the end of a morphological series; they are probably juvenile. Each juvenile has a large bulbous gametophyte remaining attached (a so-called "tuber") that is sometimes mistaken for the stem. Not only is the persistent gametophyte mistaken for a stem, but in the large forms of typical A. pennula the stem is not a solitary structure. Instead it resembles a compact, intergrown bush, made up of numerous tiny, narrow stems, usually less than 1 mm diam., that proliferate from old leaf bases—a type of cauline organization apparently unknown in any other living fern but possibly found in the fossil genus Tempskya. Measurements for plants in the North American flora are all in the lower parts of the range for the species. Actinostachys pennula is among North America's most unusual ferns, a highly treasured species, sought by field botanists who must, however, respect its rarity.
Lower Taxa
|Warren H. Wagner Jr. +
|(Swartz) Hooker +
|Schizaea pennula +
|Common name
|Ray spiked fern +
|Fla. +, West Indies +, Central America + and South America. +
|On and around rotten stumps and decomposing litter in damp forests and open baylands. +
|John Myers +
|Publication title
|Gen. Fil. +
|Publication year
|1842 +
|None +
|Source xml
|https://email@example.com/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse grained fna xml/V2/V2 688.xml +
|Actinostachys germanii + and Schizaea germanii +
|Taxon family
|Schizaeaceae +
|Taxon name
|Actinostachys pennula +
|Taxon parent
|Actinostachys +
|Taxon rank
|species +
|Volume 2 +


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This includes Helen J. Former Romanian leader to face crimes against humanity trial Former Romanian Wiktoria Ion Iliescu is to be tried for crimes against humanity for his role in the country's bloody anti-communist uprising.


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4 star hotels in Arrowtown
The Arrow Private Hotel
63 Manse Road, 9302 Arrowtown, New Zealand
The Arrow Private Hotel
Arrowtown, 897 m from the city centre. 63 Manse Road See on map
With a stay at The Arrow Private Hotel in Arrowtown, you'll be minutes from Arrowtown Chinese Settlement and Dudley's Cottage. This...
Arrowtown Born of Gold Holiday Park
12 Centennial Avenue, 9302 Arrowtown, New Zealand
Arrowtown Born of Gold Holiday Park
Arrowtown, 449 m from the city centre. 12 Centennial Avenue See on map
With a stay at Arrowtown Holiday Park in Arrowtown, you'll be minutes from St Patrick's Catholic Church & Mary MacKillop's Cottage and...
Visit ArrowtownOur database has hundreds of establishments, among which you can find the four-star hotels in Arrowtown that most interest you at the best price in the market. Our specialized search engine will help you find the best four-start hotel offers.
Four-star hotels offer a high standard of quality with respect to their services, as they are governed by strict standards. The establishments included in this category are usually located in the centre of the city, or in sites with excellent communications to allow clients to make the tourist trips they have planned. The four-star hotels in Arrowtown stand out for their excellence and design, which is considerable, even though it may sometimes appear austere.
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DIY Urban Outfitters Bedroom Ideas
Urban outfitters bedroom will look like an apartment. If you want to have an apartment with that style, then you will be surprised at the price offered by this design. If you are a student, then you should save your money for your education. You can apply the tricks of this article to create a bedroom with that style so you do not have to buy expensive furniture.
Maybe you know some famous brands so you can use the design of the brand to fit your bed. You can create a unique quilt with rustic feel like furniture that looks simple. You can choose the king size and twin XL to make you feel comfortable. Indie blanket styles will make your bedroom cool.
Wall Art
The best way to create your room is to decorate your bedroom using wall art. The poster and canvas available at the venue have an expensive price but you can go to another store to get cheap goods for your wall. You can get the item by paying about $ 10. The site will feature popular works such as landscape photography, motivational remarks, and starry night. You can choose the perfect artwork for your wall.
You do not need to buy expensive furniture from urban outfitters bedroom because you just need a rug to change your room to a new level. You can make a canopy with a cloth. Hang the cloth on the ceilings, walls, and windows. You can buy rugs made by the factory in the online store.
This room style always brings plants in the room to create cool air but you should not spend $ 50 for a fake bush. You can use mini plants or succulents. This is a plant that does not require expensive maintenance. You can put the plant under the window and you can water the plants every two weeks. You can buy this plant at a local nursery and you can also use a simple container to put the plant. If you cannot treat a cactus, then you have to buy fake plants for a cheap price.
The biggest secret to creating a cool room is lighting. You can create inspired lighting ideas from this style. Use the string lights in your garden and Christmas tree. You can also buy lamp lanterns for an amazing style.
Final Touch
You can buy candles with fragrant scents to give the finishing touches. You can put the candle on the wall side of the urban outfitters bedroom.
Gallery of Urban Outfitters Bedroom


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ESCRITURA Y PERSONALIDAD (CON CUADERNO DE FIGURAS). Augusto Vels. Price: US$ Convert Currency. Shipping: US$ From Spain. : Escritura y personalidad: bases cientificas de la grafologia ( Spanish Edition) () by Augusto Vels and a great selection of similar. La selección de personal y el problema humano en las empresas by Vels, Augusto and a Escritura y personalidad: las bases científicas de: Vels, Augusto .
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Amazon Advertising Find, attract, and engage customers. Learn more about Amazon Prime. Paricio based on graphological premises, that is to say, on aspects and sub-aspects of the graphological method. That is, the Rorschach test offers information via perceptive channels visual stimuli u opposed to action channels expressive movements in graphology, or instinctive channels the representation of desires in the Szondi test.
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Escritura y personalidad
An Adventure in Self-discovery U. Fern Ridge Press, c Hardback ISBN 1 9.
If you are a seller for this product, would you like to suggest updates through seller support? Techniques and Interpretations Second edition.
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Hayes, Reed, – Written In Crime: Recognition and interpretation of secondary graphic signs. Zur Psychologie des Schreibens: Johnson, Sharon, – Forgery and Criminal Behavior a guidebook for law enforcement. ComiXology Thousands of Digital Comics. Recognition and interpretation of basic graphic signs the most significant ones, those with greatest strength.
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Like psychiatry and dualistic psychologies, it looks at graphic-motor representations writing of mental activity as indicators of psychological states, as opposed to materialistic psychology which rejects the idea of mind. Current methods of graphoanalysis: New Leaf Canadian Distributors: Strawberry Hill Press The A-Z of your Personality. The Complete Basic Book, London, Discover Prime Book Box for Kids.
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Las bases cientificas de la grafologia aplicadas a la seleccion de personal, a la psicologia clinica, a la pedagogia, a los estudios biograficos y a la investigacion de la conducta en general.


text:
Philomena (Unloved)
- context: Array
- icon:
- icon_position: before
- theme_hook_original: google_books_biblio
Philomena (Unloved)
"What was the matter with her?" I asked, beginning to suspect what it may have been.
"There wasn't anything wrong with her body. She was as fit as a fiddle. It was a different type of sickness, the type that people get when they feel too much. You know what I mean?" She pointed to her head.
I sat back in the chair for the first time. I was right, my mother and I had the same awful affliction in common. I wondered what had brought hers on, or if she had been born with a disposition for it. Maybe I have been born with the same disposition, and all that had happened to me only brought things to the surface.
"They said she had some sort of breakdown. It happened when we were in third form. She just started crying in class on day, and the more anyone tried to talk to her and console her, the worse the crying got. They sent for Ratina, and by the time she got here, your mother was out of control."
"Did anyone know what happened to her?"
"Till this day, I don't know what happened. All I know is that your father visited her every day in the hospital."
"They put her in the hospital?"
"Yeah, we didn't have a hospital for crazy people like they have here, so they put her in the regular hospital. And your father, the good person that he was, he would visit her every day and take her whatever schoolwork we'd done in class. When she got out of the hospital, nobody would go near her. It was like she had leprosy or something. But your father, he was always at her side and chastised anyone who made fun of her. He was a good person. It was a shame he died the way he did. It's a shame you never got to meet him."
I was at a loss for words. As the woman spoke, I felt a warm sensation growing inside of me. With each of her words and slight movement of her body, I was transported back in time to a place I had long forgotten. I was taken back home. Being there, listening to her accent and eating the pudding, reminded me of my history, my story, my origins. I had lived my whole life with a feeling of displacement, of not belonging to the world or anything in it. Ratina was the only person who had fully claimed me, but I wasn't her child. The two who had given me life were absent my whole life, and I knew that had had a detrimental impact on me. But with this woman's words, I felt I was somehow regaining a sense of that belonging, a part of myself that I didn't know existed or had somehow forgotten. I did belong somewhere. I had a home once. I had a family once. But now that family consisted of the women in the house. I had never thought about Susan or Cindy in that way before, no matter how much we had been through. Now they were the only family I know. We were connected not only by your shared secrets, how we had been violated and unloved, but also by the resilience that comes from such experiences. Even though our trauma had not demonstrated to us what love truly was, we had learned to love. We loved each other in our own way. The word love was never used and none of us would have ever admitted to even liking the others, but there was love in that house of damaged souls. It took the stranger's stories about my dead family for me to realize that I had somehow acquired a new family.
Philomena Jones tells her life story in this novel which moves from bad to worse and, at the end, emerges hopeful. Left to her grandmother, who has already raised eight children and grandchildren, Philomena pines for her absent mother on the small Caribbean island of Montserrat while searching for any emotional connection she can find. Ratina, her grandmother, takes care of Philomena but is often harsh with her. Philomena knows that her grandmother is doing her best to raise her, but Philomena feels unloved. Ratina spends time with people from her church and leaves Philomena at home by herself except when she forces Philomena to attend Sunday school. It is at Sunday school that Philomena's tragic tale worsens.
Although Ratina doesn't have much money, she is always sure to feed and clothe Philomena properly. She is careful to teach Philomena how to behave politely, hoping to raise her to be a 'good girl'. Though these attributes of obedience and not talking back are often a good thing, in Philomena's case, they make her a target and a victim. When Philomena is about seven years old, her Sunday school teacher, Miss Pierce, keeps her in after letting the other children go and sexually assaults her, as she has many times before. However, after this time, as Philomena is rushing to leave, Miss Pierce's brother, Pastor Pierce, enters the room and asks after the child. "Oh, that's my Philomena," Miss Pierce says. It is only a short time later that this becomes Pastor Pierce's line.
Over the following years, Pastor Pierce visits Philomena at her house every time that Ratina goes out to spend time with her church group. At first, Philomena is sickened by what the Pastor does and what he asks her to do, but slowly over time she becomes dependent on his visits. Philomena agrees to call him Pauly, at his request, as their strange relationship develops, and Philomena's thoughts only look to the next time they can meet.
On one of Pastor Pierce's routine visits when Philomena is in her teens, Ratina returns to the house early with some of the other church ladies and catches Pastor Pierce just as he's putting his clothes on. The ladies are stunned but know what's going on as Philomena emerges from her bedroom naked with her dress in her hand. Ratina leads the way as the ladies grab whatever they can to beat the Pastor out of the house. Ratina questions Philomena and learns that this has been going on for a long time, and Ratina is surprised at Philomena's calm response, "He said God would be okay with it," Philomena states and doesn't understand Ratina's rage. Although the incident is reported, no charges are laid against the Pastor, but he is removed from his position and takes a house in town.
Years continue to move by, and despite the discovery, Philomena continues to visit the Pastor, going to his house in town on a regular basis. On one particular visit, Philomena sees a woman leaving the house with a kiss from the Pastor. Philomena is enraged especially after she is on her way to tell him that she is pregnant with his child. After confronting the Pastor, she turns in tears to leave and accidentally steps out in front of a vehicle and is hit. She wakes up in a hospital, only to learn that she's lost the baby and sinks into a depression not speaking for days. Worried, Ratina contacts Philomena's mother who arrives but abruptly leaves after she and Ratina get into a fight. More days pass while Philomena continues in her depression but is speaking again. One of her friends from school comes to the house for a visit and brings with her a note from the Pastor. This gives Philomena some hope, and the next day she is up and dressed and makes her way to town to visit the Pastor once again. After a short and uncomfortable conversation, they make their way to the bedroom and things return to normal for Philomena.
On her eighteenth birthday, the Pastor surprises Philomena with a plane ticket to America and tells her that he's registered her in a nursing program, secured her an apartment, and will pay for everything for a year. She doesn't want to leave the Pastor but decides to take a chance and go since she may be able to find her mother whose last known address is in the area of Philomena's new apartment. Further, she feels that the Pastor may be done with her anyway. She tells Ratina her plan, and, although Ratina's against it, she has to accept it as Philomena is now an adult.
Over the next few weeks, Ratina falls ill and is prescribed pills for her heart condition.
Philomena doesn't know what to do as she doesn't want to leave Ratina in such a state, but her dilemma is solved when Ratina dies days later. After the burial, Philomena falls into depression, and voices in her head tell her to end her life by swallowing all of Ratin's remaining pills. Overcome with grief, she swallows the entire bottle and goes to sleep hoping that she will finally be rid of all the pain - leaving the Pastor, Ratina dying, her mother leaving her. However, she wakes up in the morning only to discover that the doctor had given Ratina placebos, and Philomena sees this as a sign to keep on living and try a new life in America.
For the first part of the year, Philomena is at the top of her nursing class. She waits for letters from the Pastor and looks forward to the time he can fly to meet her. Before this can happen though, Philomena learns that the Pastor died. Again, she falls into a deep depression that causes her to fail her year. The Pastor's money that paid for Philomena's apartment is no longer, and she gets evicted and now must live on the streets.
Years go by and Philomena sleeps under bridges and follows only the schedule of which soup kitchen is open when. The voices in her head continue to plague her and give her headaches. One day the voices become overpowering, and Philomena jumps from a bridge landing on the street beneath. She wakes up in a hospital and is told she's been in the hospital for a week and was in a coma for some of it. Philomena becomes agitated as the doctor asks her questions. This agitation is heightened as the nurses try to restrain her, and all of the feelings of her childhood come flooding back - the touching by Miss Pierce, the Pastor, the abandonment by her mother, the cold dealings with her grandmother. The orderlies sedate her, and Philomena wakes up naked in a padded white room.
Philomena endures several rounds of electroshock therapy, medication, and visits with the psychologist. After some time, she is released to a rooming house where other women who have similar life experiences also live. Philomena not only has to deal with her own realities, but also those of the other women. However, it is through their shared experiences that Philomena is able to access her resilience and keep going. It isn't until she meets an older woman who lives down the block that Philomena regains a sense of hope. The woman is from Montserrat and knew Philomena's mother and father, including details about her father's tragic drowning death. She is able to give Philomena some of the information about her parents that she was missing and, although Philomena knows she will not see her mother again, the stories bring her some peace. Meeting the woman gives Philomena enough hope to continue with her life and try to put her past behind her.
As noted in the acknowledgements of the novel, Browne weaves together elements of stories from several women's lives into a realistic fiction that is both alarming and raw. The story is told simultaneously through two time periods - Philomena's life after her jump and the time that leads up to the jump. Though the chapters move forward and back in time, Browne does a solid job of not losing the plot in the transitions. Philomena's consistent voice lets the reader empathize with her position and somehow understand her thinking despite the disturbing turn of events. Her story builds, piece by piece (or deconstructs piece by piece) so that the reader stands at the end begging, "How could this possibly happen?", even though the answers are known. It is the end, however, that offers a reprieve to the emotional devastation that the plot exacts. Here, Philomena is able to move beyond her past and see a sliver of hope through her resilience.
Philomena (Unloved) is mostly disturbing, but it is also encouraging and does have some humorous sections. Though it deals with very dark issues including sexual abuse, mental health, and suicide, in the end it presents a sense of hope and provides a definition of resilience that would otherwise be difficult to convey. I would suggest this novel be presented to adult readers due to its content. Though I understand this novel is written from true events with the intention of honouring the stories of several women, I strongly believe that the stories are best left to adult readers who may be more equipped to understand the nuanced meanings and navigate the logic with a more knowledgeable perspective.
Penta Ledger is a teacher-librarian at Gravenhurst High School in Gravenhurst, Ontario.


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entering E<:H 210 have rnccliorre matlicmatical sltills. This is \ t r y miicb in line with decliniog math sltills overall in the US, wlicrc tlic vidco/Intcriict generatioii is bcttcr equipped to absorli material iii sinall bytes, than tacliliiig deep matlicmatical concepts that inny profit fro111 lionrs o r days ofcotitcmplatiori. liicrcdibly, most ofour students have coiitinisd to hlme their \ w y through calculus and tiiffcrential equations (including l o t s of advanced placement ci-edit) ivliilc exhibiting serious gips ill their iiiidcrstaiiding. llius, tlie reader should rcasooalily ask, Y o u ;ire teaclling Fourier transforiiis to this gcncritioii orsoplioiiio is, i\hsolutcly! O u r stntlents iiiiist learn mathematics inore coinplctcly at sonic point. W h y not take on this project as sooii ;is they liavc finished thcir calculus and differential cquntions coiirses? Why wait? After iiiinicroiis ofhiiigs of R<X 21 0, ancl hased on student t)iitcoincs on cx<iiiis, it is clear tlwt the large iiiajority of sophomores caii Icarn coiivdution, Laplace trmsforiiis, ,itid Foirricr transforms qiiitc well. However, this docs iiot conic without soiiic patience ( : i d good liniiior) o n tlic part of tlic iiistructot-. At tlie heginning of tlie seincstcr, we poke fun ;it oiir studcnls (many of whoin
have straight As in their math cotirscs), tclling ~lieiii that we are flilly aware that they do 11ot yet k11ow calculus, hut that they will by the clid of the sciiicstcr. We take care to insert sc topics and homework I>rotilcms to give cticc in meas of mathematical wedwcss. We mplcx iiuinbcrs, co~n~ilex-\.aliicd signals, and fiinctiotis o f a complex variable in great detail, iliaking siirc to trcat all complex quailtitics as ordered p i r s of rcal qiiaii~itjcs, s o that the mystery is removed in the tiotation j = . wc iiitroducc tIic impulse clistriliiition i i i a rigorous way, .iltliougli we carry this no further tliaii iiccticrl for the purpose ofthe COII~SC. Overall, o u r stiidciits arc h r more iiiatliciiiaticnlly sophisticated coining oiit of ECE 210 tliaii they were entering. lkspite this, we should iiot set our expectattioils too high. LVc do not claim that the mathematical abilities d o u r student.; are ccliinl to those of
studcnts who have completed :I junior-level signals and s!~stcms course. We only maintain that t l i e :IW close. All studcnts aspiring to work o n tlic sigilals and El: should take Follow-on c o u r s e s in D S P , co~iiiiii~~ii~ri ctmtrol, t i o ~ ~ ~ etc. , to fiirther improve their matlicmatical sltills. Ihc additional hours a t i d scrncst iii.irtc avnilnblc Iy our new curriculum increase tli opportiiiiity to do so.i
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TextbookThere is no single tcnthoolc that povitics adcqliatc coverage olthc inaterial iii li(:E 210. Ihis has posed lcw difficulties, Iio~?cvcr. We use a coniprchcnsivc set of course notes dcvclopcd by Munsoii, ,icconipanicd by a signals and systcins ccxtl)ooli I 1.11. Instructors who arc iiitcrcstcd in cxpcrimcnting with O L I ~ approach may o h t n i n t-lie co~irsc iiotcs h y sending a i l cinail to ci-~iiiii~son~iiiuc.ctlu.
Digital Signal Processing First Jamcs H. McClellaiz alzd l<onnldW. Scbnfk (;engin Imtctzttc of T c c l i n o l i g yMad
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lhe-Hiulinan InsLitute 1 f l ecbnoli~q~l For at least tlic past 50 years, most e1cctric;il engineering (M) progl-ams havc used R first coiirsc in circuit theory to provide basic knowlcdgc and sliills. Within that time pctiod, the Ht! field has moved froin its roots in electric power tlirotigh : I long period chring w h e n clcctr(inics was a domiiiaiit thcmc. <:ircuit tlicory has evolved to supp o r t the major ideas i i i clcctronic systems, so it provitlcs aSEPTEMBER I999IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE 29
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solid bacliground in lumped parameter circuit analysis as well as introduction to lineai tell1 theory. I n the t y p iiitrodLictol-ycircuits coursc is tisually in electronics, clcctroinagncticq, i l i a ions, controls, digital systcins, a d digital signal processing (1)St). Electrical cnginccring is entering a iicw p l w x This is the iiiformation age in which computers arc ciiicrging as the tlominant tlicmc. E,viciencc of this is the trend within the past five to 10 pears ofcoiiil)utcrciigiiiccring ((hipE) ciirollmeiit outstripping El! lcvcls. The concepts oflincar system theory will survive because liiicar systciiis provide an abstract view of signals as in1i)niiatioii-heariiig a t o n x coiicrctc im~~lciiiciitatioii of signal processing, Iiowr, is now a macro-system in mhicli the hcliavior of illdividual electronic circuits is no longer visible for iiiost engineering ticsign. Comlxrter programs, i1iicroprocc~sors, ;uid gate arrays arc Fast bccoiiiing the iinplciiiciitatioii scenario for the practicing engineer. O n e olthc reasons for the relatively rccciit cmcrgcnce 01 separate CiiipF, programs (often within EE dcpartiiiciits) has been the fict that t-lie tladitioilal ordering of HI: courses ciocs not allow fir the carly introduction of critical coinpiiter engineering concepts i n digital systciiis and computcr architecture. However, close linliagc bctween El: ;iiid C h p E is very dcsirahlc a n d can be ciillallccd by a co111111011corc ofco1rrscs at the carly stages of both disciplincs. In the dcsigii of a new semester-based corriculum at Georgia Iccli, 1Xl has assumed a pivotal role in uiitiiig El< and C h p E . The r c a s o ~is i tliit 1)SP is hasically the computerized vcrsioii of linear system tlicory, aiid hciicc, it lies hctwccn computcr ciiginccring and traditional electrical cngiiiccring. Sincc a worldwiclc tcch) S i nological revolution hascd on cinbcddcd systciiis, 1 hardware, and software imtlemcritatioiis is now i i i fiill swing, DSl is a critical subject arca fix both disciplines. Ncvertliclcss, at tlic present time, most uidcrgrntluatc C h p E and Et! program begin with circuit theory and do not introtlucc 1)SP concepts until tlic tail end of tlic uiidcrgraduate program. lhc new curriculum at Georgia Tech tiiriis this arouiid. Tlic corc Lindcrgraduatc program for both EE m t i C h p E studciits hegins with ai introcluctioii to IXI. lliis iicw approach traces it roots to 1993 when w e first started ccaching such a 1)Sl coiirsc in the ( h p E ctrrricuIiiin at Georgia lecli, which at that time was complctcly separate froin the EE curriculum. Ihc original co~irse used a combinatio~i of computer tools (MAT1,AR) and I h a n d s - o n laboratory approach to bring I N theory from the senior Ic17cI down to a i iiitrociuctorg lcvcl for sophomores. The rationale was tlic following: 1)Sl concepts provide a valuahlc hasis for later co~irscs; tlic subject, by its very iiatiirc, provides an idcal setting to explore tlic litilis bctwccn computers and linear spstciii theory; and it is relatively casy to link theory and coiiiptcrs to re31 cnginccring application, tlicrchy increasing student motivation. lhis appro:ich provctl very successful, culiiiinatiiigI
i n 1098 in tlic publication by lrcnticc-Hall 01 tlic h ~ ~ l i / C ~ l ) - l < Ocombinatioii M called I)SI F i ~ s tI 1 1. 111 iitially tlic s.iiiic course was introclucctl at l h c - H u l m a n Institute oflcchnologv with similar S L K cess. 111 the iicw sciiicstcr-based program at C;corgia Tech, the first electrical and coinputer cnginccriiig (F,CX) cotirsc (for EB aiid C m p E iiiajors alilic) is a coinpiiter-iiitcnsivc sophoinorc-l I co~irsc tliat introduces studciits to basic 1)Sl concepts and to a sophisticated coniputer-enhancecl Ic:irning cnvironmcnt. This c o t ~ r s c changes the El; and (hipF, programs ill many ways. M o s t iniportantlp, it dratnaticall!r cliaiigcs tlic way i i i wliich suhscqLicnt C O I I ~ Y C S in the ctirrictiIuIi1 can (and sliotild) he taught. I(ccausc the stuticnts will acquire both linear systems kiiowlcdgc and stronger cornpiiter cxpcriciicc vci-y carly in tlic curriculum, it is now possiblc nnd tC;Ich ;dl the other Ldcrgt-aduatc C O L I ~ S C S diflWhy Teach DSP First? Ihc idea of using signal processing as the first coiirsc in electrical engineering is not iicxv. Sonic have proposed tcaching analog signal processing prior to circuit theory, s o that a systciii viewpoint is prcsciitcd prior to the dctciils of circuit implciiiciitatioii 141, IS]. Ow approLich li;Is lxcn to start with l X P , aiid thcn iiiovc into analog
clli)rt that was ahcad ofits time hccausc the softwxc to support haiids-on processing \viis ixitlicr widely a\iailablc nor casy to tisc in the 1970s. A rccciit Ix)oli by Stciglitz presents IX1 mntcrial to cornpiiter sciciicc stiidciits who havc a Itccn interest in digital audio and coinputer music 13 I. Roth ofthcsc hoolis Invc Ilxi strong intlucncc 011 our efforts lcrhaps the most coinpelling ~C;ISOIIl i x teaching DS1 hcCorc circuits is concerned with the issue oflcvcls ofabstmctioii in system aiialysis a n t i dcsign. When designing and huilding a particular system, it is possiblc to approach tlic cicsigii at many dillcrciit I Is I-anging from a high-lcvcl view of ovcrall system hcliavior (e.g., how a n audio system plays C:l)s), to a I>locli d i x p i i i , to icical coliipoiiciits (e.g., idcal filters), to filter appr~isimations, to circuit siin~ilatioiis, to circuit schematics, and finally to I<: layouts. Ioclaysengineering stLidciits need to he coinfi)rtablc tliinltiiig at many I Is of abstraction s o tli,it tiicy can iiitclligcritlp iisc the powcrfiil computer-aided dcsigii and siiiiulatioii tools that arc avail~ihlc to tllcm. A notahlc clisacivantagc of circuit theory is that it is lhirly low 011 the laddcr of ahstriction because the circuit equations relate to particular discrete-component iiiiplciilcI1Cations. In the civcuits first approach, trcatiiiciit of higlwr-level abstractions conic Inter i n tlic educational process, so thatSEPTEMBER 1999
studclits i i i ~ not y apprccintc that circuits arc j u s t O I K w ~ y to synthesize a licqticiicy rcslioiisc until their sciiior yc~ir. Tlicrc is sonic basis i n learning theory that shows sonic learning styles pi-cfcr this bottom-(11) q q ~ r o a c l i n which tlic s t u d e n t iiiovcs liom spcciiic to g c i i c d c.iscs. /\lso, the difticultp in presenting multiple alistraction I tits ~i pctlagogical xgtiinciit li)r heusing
iiig of tliscrctc-tiiiic sigiials arid systcins. A iiumbct of acioptcrs o f /)SI' Fznt arc usiiig it in cotirscs ii)r iioii-iii;ijors, 'l'liw, a i l "iiitrocluctory I)Sl'" cot~rsc will lie attractive to otlicr majors I>ccausctlic iiiatcrial would iiot be tied to a long prcrcqiiisitc chain .is is now tlic case. Iiistc;icl, sccontlor third-year stiitlciits coiild liiivc a glimpse ol'compiitcr iiig m e t h o d s that might iiicludc applic.itions ft.0111 their own area.
I n tlic top-tlown tiictlioil, gciicral ideas arc pr.csciitcd f i r s t and tlicii filled in with dctailcd csamplcs. Altlio~~gli Course Description we I1.1vc IlOt aLloptcd the top-dclwn m o d c l conlplctcly, Il'oiic csaiiiiiics circtiit theory for its o u r aim has bccii to illustrate iiiorc ahstr,ictioii Icvcls in rclntivcly easy t o identill conccpts tlid tlic first I:XX cotirsc. 'l'liis is fc;isil)lc I)ccausc \vc have pact. Hiit it is jiist as easy to find topics tli'it oiily rclatc t o powcrfiil soltwirc tools for iiii~~lciiicntati~in tliat we crin circuit implcmcnt.itioii in a ii;irrow sciisc. It is also possiiisc to clclvc into tlic l o w e r I Is quickly ( a s p i r t of' tlic Idc to iclcntiiji activities i i i tlic course that arc priiicipally lab). Students o l i c n ask, "Where cnii I 'ipply this stthjcct?" slcill 1,uilding fbr Im)hlciii solviiig, 'l'hc hrcncl-based tot>With discrete-time sigiinls ;iiicl systems it is c ~ s k)r y tliciii ics iiicluclc Ihisors, coiiiplcs cspoiiciitial signals, frcto answer this qiicstion li)r tlicmscl\#csI)y, for example, q w i i c y rcspoiisc, in~)ut-oiitpiitcliaractcri./..ition of n ~)roccssiiig audio 'incl video sigluils. At tlic sallie liiiic, \vc sjrs tciii , I< i rcli li() Il's Ia w s , a Ii d tra o s i i m i i s , '1'1 ic I1arrt )wcr can maintain a liiglicr-lcvcl viewpoilit i n ti)cus is tonnd i l l sticli topics as special circuits viti t ~ i i i s sciitatioiis. l'liis iihility t o float amoiig I 1i)rmation ofcirciiits. Skills include such tliiiig;s as writing t i o i i is ;I ncccssary skill in cngiiiccriiig dcsipi. ccltiilihrium cqii:itions, rcctncing complicatecl circuit cs-
I alxtraction Iiicnr'I'lic lalx lit w e l l with the multi-l clip? bccausc tlicy ciicour'igc studclits to think d x i u t t l i c tlicorcticcil iiiatcrial .it t w o Icvcls: equations that cicfinc tlic processing and coiiipiitcr progrmis that iinplcmcnt tlic processing. MA'I'I AI3 171 .ilso siipports this easy iiiovciiiciit among ahstfiictions. 'L'lic dcvclopnicnt oi' .i complete proccssiing 'tell1 Illay take o n l y a l'c\\J IloLIrs oiicc tlic system is de, ibcd i l l tcriiis ol'its iiccluciicy retciii block diagram. 'I'his top-ciowu :il)it possihlc to iisc I)S1' to show theory, applicatioiis, and implciiicnt~iticiiistogether i i i a11 iiitroductory coursc.DSP, More Thon Just for EEs Anotlicr iiiiportxit rmsoii to ciiipliasizc 1)Sl' as ; I liiiiciatiiciital cot~rsc is tlm the sltills ;incl products ol' the clisci-
plinc :ire n o longer the sole provincc oI El;,. III tkt, tlic sttidciit hasc is swinging toward coiiiptitcr ciiginccring and computcr science, niid it is .iIso highly rcIcv:iiit t c i m o s t o t h e r engineering m d science majors. (Sec .ilso tlic article by C;rovcr in this issue.) l'lic typical 1iE service co~irsc liw 0 t h m;ijors has alwiys hccn circuits, o r a watcrctl-down iiiix ol'circuits and clcctroriics. I n tlic liitarc, 1)SI' is niuch iiiorc lilicly to bc uscliil to i i i o s t cngiiiccrs and scientists. We often get questions lioiii rcscnrclicrs iii otlicr liclds about kccpciicy spcctriim estimation iiicthods for their data, which i i o w conics i i i digital ii)riii liom ui /\-to-l) converter 011 any computing pl.itli)rm. It is quite lilicly t l i x students i i i ciiginccriiig anti sciciicc will worli with cspcrimental data that intist bc analyzcd with tlic FF'l' o r iiiorc sophisticated mcthoils, so a liindamciital background in ntial. l:or cs;implc, mccli.iiiical ciiginccrs tind signifcant iisc ti)r sigiial processing in iiicastirciiicIIt systcins, 'incl computcr sciciitists involved i n multimcdia applications can bciicfit greatly Liom a ciccpcr tiiidcrstm(1SEPTEMBER 1999
prcssions, solving dilli.rciitia1 equations h r transients, aid complcs iiuiiibcr m,iiii~~tilation. All 01' tlicsc circuit theory activities 'ire iiiiportant i i i their own coiitcst, hut they iiccd i i o t bc first i n the RI:, curl-iculum. Some iticas iiiiist bc planted in the first cotirsc, hut it is just as casy to present ic1c.is such .is phasors o r ft.cq~iciicy response by iisiiig digital filters, as it is by using circuit as tlic cxaiiildc system. 'l'lic essential coiiccpts tiitis( Ix covcrccl i n ' I Insic cot~rsc, h u t tlic tinderlying implcmciitation caii vary. Fig. 1 s h o w s the Table of. Contents p:igc 01' the 1lSI' f:zi,st Cl)-l<Ohl.'I'lic (:I) has many resources iiir leariling the sirhjcct including : i rich set ofticnicis and coinpiiter v stializ,ition a i d , laboratoiy cspcrimcnts to lie done with MA1'1,AB, slid 21 large sccoflio~iic\vodt ~ ) ~ O I I I C I I ~id S SOlutioiis. l'lic otitliiic in Fig. 1 shows that tlic iden is t o start simple conccpts sticli ;is siiinsoidal waveforins and tlicii move to the representation of tlicsc signals with complcs cwpoiiciitial signals. Sums ot'complcs csponcntial signals lead to tlic conccpt ol'tlic slicctrum as tlic i i i ii)rmation required to specify the iimplitucics, pllascs, and licqucncics ofall the coiiipo~ic~its iii ; I sun1 ofsinusoitls. 'l'hrough h n n c t s - o n cspcriiiicnts such ;is sy-nthcsi;.,iiig music liom a score risiiig sinusoids, studclits 1c;iriitli.it interesting signals c a i h e rcl~rcsciitcc'las siiiiis ofsinusoids. Saiiipliiig of' sintisoids lcacis easily to tlic i.onccpt of diasiiig. 1:I I 1 systems provide a siniplc introduction t o the inptit/otitpiit iicscription of a system, a d tlic propcrties of lincarity 'ind time-iuvariancc. 'l'lic coiii:cpt of' frcqiiciicy rcspoiisc is dcfiiicd niatlicmatic~illy, ;ind demos and cspcrimcnts iiivolving audio and image filtering give coiicrctc meaning to tlic ahstl-act conccpts. 1IR filters proviilc tlic o p ~ ~ o r t ~ i i ito i r yiiitrotlucc z-tl'ai isforins and their implicit simpliticnric,ns t o signal and system rcprcsciit~itioiis.I n o u r cprtcr-length vcrsioii of the course,31
this is w11crc w e stopped. I n a scmcstcr-length version of the coiirsc, iiirtlicr topics co11ccrnccl with contintiotis-tiiiic sigiials and systems c a n be treated. (:ontintious-tiiiic c:onvolution and the Fourier transform arc the basic iiiatlicinaticnl tools, and tlicy arc ~ised to help understand how tiltcriiig and moclulation works for continuous-time signals. The last part of the course closcs tlic loop hy revisiting the prohlcms of sampling and discrete-time filtering of colltiliuotls-tilnc sigiials using the Fourier transformImpacts of Teaching DSP First
The piirposc of the introductory I X P c o ~ r s c is to introtudcnts to the abstr.ict rclmxntation ofsignals a n d systems and the basic conccpts of filtering, frcc~ticiicy rcsponse, ancl 1:ourier tl-ansfbriiis in discrete acid contiiiuoils tiiiic. At the ctid ofsuch a course, students can analyze tlic kcqucncy rcsponsc o f a system and solve hasic tilatheinatical prohlcms in Fourier analysis and z-transfi)rms. I n addition, students can implement MATLAl3-bascd systciiis that pcrform discrcrc-time tiltcring, signal synth a i i d frcquc11c!~;iiialjisis with the FFT.
(~iJM~J?,ltcl-l~aSi~d !daflgy Oiir rccciit cxpcriciicc with the integration of co111putcr-bascd material into this I)SP class has sliowo that engaging a sttidents active itivolvcmcnt is tricky. (:omp~itcr dcmos, Iiowcvcr flaslip, do not necessarily fiiltill the slogail if you build it, they will coiiic. O n the other hand, n e w sottwarc tools for coLIrsc managcmcnt (such as Wch<:T [ 61) o f k r a possildc solution by traclting student usage of comptitcr dcmos and interactive resources. A change in pedagogy is ncccicd to malie this activity an intcgral part of the studcnts collrscworli, perI1a~sby assigning liomcworli that iiivohcs comptitcr cxploritions. Another variation on this tlicmc is t o u s e c o n piiter-generated aiid gradcd qui , We arc cxpci-imcnting with short c~tiizzcs at the hcginning cach lab gciicrate iminectiatc fccdback to the professor and the s t w dents, as well as to inotivatc sttidcnts to lcecp pace with wccltly topics. With computer grading, the ovcrhcad of correcting many problcins is removed, although the intcrbcc to the sttidents is impersonal.h p a c t an leachers
shapcd bp a tCalll approacl1. Hands-On Learninfl 1)Sl 1x1s otl1cr IlatLlral ad\~lntagcs. 1 1 1 iiig ac.adcniia inaildates that coinputcr technology be used in the support otlcarning. Wlacrc docs lX1 fit in? A large part ofthc rcvolution involves the u s e of multimedia prcsciitatioii inctliods (over the web), but those niultiiiicdia presentations arc, in het, digital audio, digital images, o r digital video. S t u d e n t s accustomcd t o sccing wch-lxiscd prcscntations arc curious to learn ahout their iiiiicr worliings, so they arc primed to lemi ahout 1 X P . To take this oiic step furthcr, consider liow o n c would t c x h the concept of Imqxiss filtering and filter design. 1Iic m:ithcmatical approach is known to anytrnc who practices lN, even though the work is ~ i o w carried out by coinpiiter progl-ams. But a cruci;il question in the learning process s h o d d be iincicrstandiiig the liltcr spccs. 111 many cpscs, the specs coiiic from an imprecise proccss that evaluates the cpility of signals processed by the filter. This Icids an educator to ask tlic question: How llxuny of m y studcnts have acclrally SccIl o r lacard the cffccts o f a lowpiss filter? 111other words, how many have proccsscd sotiiid through lowpass liltcr a n d listened to the result? Nowadays, it is not a difficult t:isli tn iiiipleiiiciit a lowpass liltcr and process audio, hut how nianp 1)Sl courses require this crpcrimciit? llic facilities to do simple, but mcaningfiil, cxpcriiiiciits in 1)SI arc now coiii~~ioiiplacc. We tisually choose software implciiicntations hccausc gciiclal-purpose conipiitcrs arc so acccssihlc (with programs lilic MKT1 AH), and many bool~s have iiow i i d u d c d MA/ /
Changing tlic first co~irsc koni circuits to 1)SP exposes a crucial linli--thc faculty. As long as the introductory DSP coLirsc is tauglit hy a subset of tlic faculty whose specialty is DSl, the coiitciit o f t h c course will be consistent. However, wlicii taught hp faculty from related a cas s u c h as t c l c c o m ~ i i u n i c a t i o n s , c o n t r o l s , a n d electronics, the ciiiplxisis hroadcns; when taught by the Gculty at large, the cssciicc oftlic I X P co~irsc might be lost. Sincc tlit. co~irsc has t-o scrvc as a n introduction for a11 B < X students, the broader perspective is good. O n e way to establish this broader perspective is to talic an integrated approach to the revision and teaching of both tlic DS1 course and the circtiits cotirsc. Ihc set offaculty involved in tlicsc two ~ O L I I Sshould ~S be ncarly tlic same,32
Fiirtlicrmorc, with devclopiiicnt kits supplied by Lcxas Instrutuents 181, Motorcila 191, Analog Ikviccs 110 1, or Lucent [ I 11,for example, it is not out ofthc question for lower level students to experiment with rea-time implctncntations. In fact, dcvclopmcnt cnvirocimcnts liltc chosc produccd by Hyperccptioii 112I allow students to program real LX1 chips by just drawing a block diagram. Iliis allows students to do real-tirnc I X P cxpcrimcnts while interacting with the L W hardware at the system level instcad of the C: or assembly laiiguage level. lliis is another arca whcrc I>SP has a notable advatitagc ovcr ailalog circuit theory. It is difficult to construct a useful circuit without extensive lah infrasrructurc and a relatively long Icxiiiiig curve. I N Iciids itself t o programinablc iinl)lemeiitations thit quiclily hccomc sophisticated spstcins.
The Impact o f DSP First on Teaching Circuits Ilic fundamcntal dclxirtiirc froin a traditional ordering of coiirscs in tlic FX cLirriculum, i.c., t h e presentation of 1)Sl as the introdrictory cngin iiig cotirsc, has an cnorinous i i n p c t on tlic circuits coursc. Stlide1il.s enter the circuits course with an undcrstaiiding ot scvcral fLindamental priiiciplcs, including the conccpts o f linearity,tiiiic-iii,,ri,iicc, convolution, and Fourier transforms (both coiltinuoils-tiiiic and discrete-time), Studclits are also proficient with manipiilating complex c:spoiiciitials and complex numbers, and they arc cxpcriciiced with a tiL1lliher of coIliplIter-hascd tools s d i x MfYll ,At<. The circuits c o ~ r s c tiiust iiicorpofiiw and Ixiild upon this base o f linowlcdgc aiicl sliills. k i n g f iicccssity of introducing basic concepts, the circuits coiirsc can focus on fiindaiiiciital cnginccring concepts within the coiitcxt o f circuits as impleiiicntations oflincar s)~stcms. Given this chaugc in student background, circuits arc iitcd as csamplcs o f lincar, time-iiivarimt systems. lhc course outline can lx rearranged so that tlic behavior of circuits to complex cxpoiiciitial inpits i?; presented carly. This iiiakcs it possible to discuss tlie system liinctiou aiid the ficqticiicp response of a circuit in coiijuiiction with its tiinc rcspoiisc. Ihcsc iiicludc t h e intcrrclatioiisliips bctwccn the timc-dom,iin and frcqticiiy-domaiii bchaviors of circuits, such as tlic role playcd h y the poles ofthc system Ihnction in detcriiiining the transient bcluvior of the system. Studciits who liavc coinplctcd the introductory DS1 co~irsc also I~avc coiisidcrablc experience in the deskn of systciiis as well as in their analysis. To maiiitain this dcsign inoinciittiiii, at GcorgiaIccIi,the circuits course also introduccs operational ainplilicrs as circuit clcinciits carly in the semester. l,atcr, t h e students learn to L I S thcsc ~ for implemciiting circuits tllat liavc arbitrary trmsficr functions, so tllat they can tlicii design and implciiicnt circuits with prcscriibcd ficquciicy responses.
MntivatinnMotivation is a licy issue in corc courses. Most ciiginecring students w o i i l d prohahly tcstifp that their initial courses arc endured, not ciijoycd. Many recent curricuIiin changes at the entry lcvcl liavc turiicd this attitude around by involving students in projects and activities that convey sonic iiitcrcsting aspect of the engineering process. Tlic goal is almost always to motivate further study and questioning, and this is wlicrc IN has soinc ivatural ad\rantagcs. An carly tour lioiild liavc intcrcsting projects based on realistic systems that arc readily 1111derstaiidahlc to hcginning students. Audio, speech, and mmic tit that description; so docs digital iinagc proccssiiig. Progt-amming a simple music syntlicsis algorithm is a modcl-atcly challeiiging task that gives a sciisc of ~ccoiiiplishincnt when tlic song plays correctly. Firrtticrinorc, it should be easy for tlic instroctor to l i i i l i theory to such projects. In the music syntlicsis example, the theoretical hackbonc is tlic fYcqiiciicy spcctriiin. Continuing this style in other core courses may be more challengiiig bccpusc thc link bctwccn theory and coinincm applications is iiot as tight. Impact on Advanced 11SP and CowmunicatinnsChums Otic risk with the />Sljvstapproach lies in the theoretical dcvclopmcnt of methods for signals and systems. I ,ater courses in lN, coiitrds, and tclccoiiiiiiiiiiications tend to be very mathematical, but a sophomore-level coursc will he liinitcd i n its mathematical sophistication. This shifts the burden onto the senior-level cotirscs for the inatliematics training of the students. rlic t.ationalc for this approach is that a hroad coursc that serves all ECB students c;iiiiiot provide the in-depth theory iiccdccl by specialists in that arca. 111other words, students with interests ranging from coiiiputcrs to iiiicroclcctronics will benefit from a basic education in l>Sl, but tlicy iiecd further study to acquire a strong worlting knowledge of thc subject. On the other hand, ri broad C ~ U I S Cbeliefits stiidents who talic more signals/systcms courses because the initial cc)tirsc Ibcuscs on concepts with wide applicability.SEPTEMBER I999
Summary Thcsc dcvclopmcnts pose intcrcstiiig cliallctigcs to cngiiiccriiig educators. 1)igital signal processing is invading every technical ciirriculum to the point that it is a basic sliill that all cngiiiccrs and scientists shotild know. Ihc whole curriculuiii, riot just HE, iniist rcspoiid t o the pressures of a computer-doiiiiiiatc~~ profession by cducaring students within the coiitcxt of the latest tcchnologp a n d the most powerful software tools. At the same time, iiiost educators agrcc that wc must also give o u r students a flrm theoretical base from which to use tlicsc powcrftil tools. 111short, our cliallcnge is nothing less than teaching our students how to tbinlz (in terms of both theory a n d p c t i c c ) when they sit dowti at a conipiter! DSP provides this unified approach to coinpitcrs and theory.33
A Different First Course dcrstand dcsigii alternatives rxlicr than 1i)cus oil one in Electrical Engineering implciiicnt'itioii iiiodc. I n fact, tcchnologicd dcvclopl h n H. Jiilmsm and J.1). Wasc,11.. iiiciits scciii to I x occurring at an iiicrcasingly rapid p;icc, Kice Unii~emiq which lias h.id the cflkct o f rcndcriiig s o m e design choices Introductory courses 1i:ivc changed in iii.iii ohsolctc. No longer d o coiiiponciit-b,iscd designs tlomiour inhrmal survey rcvc~ilcii tIi,it i n m y strc nxc; iiistcnil, design rcvolvcs :irotiiicI ollltlic-sliclfcliips o r ciit coiiccpts r.itlicr than acldrcssing idmt c( ciistoiii iiitcgratcci circuits. Software lias 11ccoiiic iiicrcasbe taught. Most stLidics ofthc curricultuii liicus on tlic oringly importxit, wliicli lias enabled tlic algorithni to he an dering of iiiatcrial rather than concentrating oil what importait cnginccriiig coiisidcratioii. What iicw impors h o u l d he taught 1 1 1, 1 21. For example, the sigii~lprot a i t algol-ithins or tcchiiologics will ciiicrgc iii the next 10 ccssiiig coiiiiiiniiity has sliowii the bcnclit of tcacliiiig J J ~ W S is piircly giicssvvort, with university liculty no more digital signal processing as the first exposure to clccrrical or less ablc to predict tlic fiiturc tliaii people iii iiidustry. engineering concepts 1 4 1 ,15 1. l h i s tack 'itiioLiiits to 1:ngiticcring progrmis strivc to prclxirc their stiidcnts showing that lincar sigii.iI and systcni theory provides .I t o cope with change and adapt to it. '1'0 o u r \vny oftliinltgood springboard, with diqitnl signal Ixwccssing allowiiig the student to cxpcrinicnt using tools s i d i as M a t l h 111 ing, no single tcchnology (like circuits, be they analog or digital) nor approach (lincar system theory L'wglit either contrast, we w o n d c r c d if wc \vcrc tcacliing tlic right material, We w c r c not i~itcrcstcdi l l tlchatiiig \vI~crIicra~i.~log tkom analog o r digital viewpoints) captiires iiiodcrii clcctried aiid c o n i p t c r engineering. 'loday, liarciwarc vs. or ciiscrctc-time analysis should bc taught lirst, ;itid did soti-ware, analog W . digital, optical vs. clcctrical, not question tlic value ol'liiicw signals aiiti systciiis aiiJyuit-switched, arc aiiiong tlic crli1,acltct-switcliccl vs. sis. RI1 electrical cnginccriiig curricula have iiiliiscd iiiorc 11111St malic. 'l'hus, t l l C latter half cia1 clccisioiis cngiii coinputer engineering into coiirscs .rvliilc tossing out i i i a 0111 the first not otily iii tccliliolof this century diffc tcrial deemed less rclcwiiit. At Ilicc, this proccs\ lias ocogy, b u r also i n cngincc ~'~"O"c11, i l Si?/& a1 years, rcsultiiig i n ati cvoliitioiiary . A curriculum iiiiist p1.c-c1ILi1~cILt ~ech1zokl~l$y 120 lo?@ approach with isnl,itcd issiics (Iiltc "What p e s into this course?") as tlic focus rather tliiin hrmd curricul~r go~ls. c s p l o r c tcchnology, providing studcnts with the sliort-tern1 Iknowlcdgc of\vhat tccliiiologics arc availahlc, More pointcclly, co~ild t h e r e he .i fiamcworli for structtirand with the long-term cspcriciicc oflio\v tcchnologp ating wliat material t o tcacli clcctrical x i c l coiiiputcr cngiI'ccts tlcsign decisions. Wc know wlxit the tccliiiologics nccring uniicrgrdiatcs, a n d li)r teaching tliat matcrial? arc; liow docs one chart the curriciilw iilap witli s o many To palaphr,isc thouglits presented hy l k . Andrew choices? Faccd with this issLtc, w e dccidccl a ciirriciiluiii Vitcrbi during his Rricc 1,ccttirc given at Rice i n 1996, s h o u l c l rest on why technologies arc king iisccl: What 1x1s the long-staiiclingmocicl for clcctrical cnginccring cducation w a s that thejrndaccnzcntnl Li:clinnligy(r) ncedcd l ! r ~111- iiiotivatcd invciitions and what drives engineering applidcelpadzmtcs .rJ?odd bc ? m g J 9 t cn~[ynnd @ ~ F J . (;crtairily catioiis? Our corlclusioii is that Zz,fb777m?i07i iindcrlics bcforc 1950, one licy tcchiiology siifticcd: circuit theory. tilost of modem clcctrical a i d comptitcr cngin34


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For the past few months I have had the opportunity to be an intern at the DIII-D National Fusion Facility in San Diego, California. Here General Atomics, partnering with the US department of energy, operates the DIII-D tokamak. It is the largest in operation of its kind in the US. The goal of this large international program is to establish the basis for the optimization of the tokamak approach to fusion energy production. With the help of EUROfusion and FuseNet I was able to spend 10 weeks working in this greatenvironment. This has helped me to obtain experience in the fusion field by coming in contact with the tokamak and the numerous diagnostic and heating devices in action.
The neutral beam injection (NBI) systems at DIII-D are crucial for the research done there. By injecting high energy neutral particles into the tokamak, the plasma is heated and other potentially beneficial effects such as additional plasma current and rotation can be achieved.The ion sources at very start of NBI chain have not been revised since their construction and some operational issues have revealed themselves as a result. To study the observed failure modes and make further improvements the Miniature Arc Chamber Experiment (MACE) was constructed last year. This table-top, easily adjustable ion source is meant to resemble the actual sources.
My goal during my stay at DIII-D was to revise the Langmuir probes which are used in the sources to ensure that the right plasma parameters are reached. The ones currently in use are water-cooled and unfortunately show leaks from time to time. The approach here was to construct a finite element model to simulate the probe heating and verify these results by experiments in the MACE. The experiments were conducted in good cooperation with my lab partner and supervisor who worked on getting the MACE ready for the experimental phase of the project. After verification of the model it has been used to make recommendations on a new probe design for the source.
DIII-D is a wonderful environment to work in with many dedicated scientists and engineers who are always willing to help you out whenever possible. It has been a great to work on my own project here, seeall the research progress from nearby and beable to talk to many experts about their experience in the field. Apart from the research at DIII-D California is of course also a wonderful place to be and the hiking trip and others activities with the staff members also contributedto the great time I have had there.Iwould like to thank EUROfusion, FuseNet and the DIII-D crew for the amazing opportunity and experience.
- Tijs Wijkamp


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View at https://crdailydotcom3.files.wordpress.com/2018/10/september2018finalprint.pdf
Author: Carolina Review Online Editor
Lesson Learned?
By Editor-In-Chief Frank Pray Displaying grace in defeat is an important skill. Over the course of the last few days, the Left has displayed an almost total lack… Read more "Lesson Learned?"
Spread Lies On Your Own Time
By Staff Writer Wyatt McNamara In the wake of this summers controversy surrounding NFL player Colin Kaepernick opting to kneel during the duration of the national anthem,… Read more "Spread Lies On Your Own Time"
"We're Gonna Play the National Anthem and Just See What Happens"
By Staff Writer Jackson Valentine If this title doesn't mean anything to you, I would highly recommend checking out the SNL skit "Black Jeopardy". Very funny and… Read more ""We're Gonna Play the National Anthem and Just See What Happens""
The 'Experts' Continue to Get it Wrong
By Staff Writer Hinton Carter Let's set the stage: Election Night in America 2016 at 11:42 PM. The Dow Futures is down 750 points. Now, let's take… Read more "The 'Experts' Continue to Get it Wrong"
President-Elect Donald J. Trump
By Editor-in-Chief Frank Pray They said he couldn't do it. I said he couldn't do it. We were wrong. Today, we enter a new week with our… Read more "President-Elect Donald J. Trump"


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Will John Farrell pinch-hit for David Ortiz? He says no
BALTIMORE -- While much was made of John Farrell sitting David Ortiz against Orioles lefty starter Wei-Yen Chen Wednesday night, that's not really where the true drama may reside. The question is now this: will the Red Sox manager pinch-hit for Ortiz? (Prior to Thursday night's game, Farrell said he would not be pinch-hitting for Ortiz. To read his comments, click here.) The Red Sox designated hitter hasn't been pinch-hit for in a meaningful spot since April 20, 2010, when then-manager Terry Francona subbed in Mike Lowell against lefty Darren Oliver. At the time, Ortiz was hitting just .146 (6-for-41) through 11 games, and 1-for-9 vs. lefties. Meanwhile, Francona was attempting to find at-bats for Lowell, who had gone 4-for-12 in limited duty in his role sharing time with third baseman Adrian Beltre and Ortiz. "I felt terrible for him," Lowell said by phone Thursday afternoon. "I wasn'ÂÂt delighted. I was the type of person who loved to hit. I loved to get in there. But that was really one moment in my career I preferred not hitting." (For more comments from Lowell on the situation, click here.) Lowell would draw a walk off Oliver, and Ortiz went on to hit a home run in his next at-bat, three days later. "It was just embarrassing, getting pinch-hit for," Ortiz told WEEI.com after the incident. "I understand. I'ÂÂm not swinging the bat good, with a lefty and whatever. I'ÂÂve got to come through and do my thing and get that out of people'ÂÂs heads. When I'ÂÂm swinging the bat good that'ÂÂs not going to happen. Basically it was a wake-up call to say, 'You better start hitting or you'ÂÂre going to get pinch-hit for.' "You saw my reaction. I just came back tot he dugout. Of course, I was embarrassed, but I took it like a man. It wasn'ÂÂt Tito'ÂÂs fault that I was pinch-hit for. It was my fault because I'ÂÂm not hitting. I know it'ÂÂs not going to get me any confidence, but it'ÂÂs telling me to work on your (stuff) and start hitting." This scenario, however, might be different. There could very well be the opportunity to make a case for subbing in for Ortiz against the Orioles Thursday night, with lefties Zach Britton and T.J. McFarland waiting once again. (The Red Sox are fortunate that lefty reliever Brian Matusz -- a pitcher Ortiz is 3-for-26 against -- is still serving an eight-game suspension for using a foreign substance on the ball.) Farrell cited Britton's presence as the reason he didn't pinch-hit Ortiz in the ninth inning of his team's 5-2 loss to the O's, Wednesday night. But the way the Red Sox roster is currently constructed, there is no substitute that remotely approaches the threat Lowell provided. Assuming the Red Sox go with their usual lineup against righty starters, with right-hander Chris Tillman on the mound in the series finale, that would leave Rusney Castillo and Jeff Bianchi (righty hitters), Sandy Leon or Blake Swihart (switch-hitters), and Alejandro De Aza (lefy) as pinch-hitting options. It's hard to imagine, even with Ortiz's current struggles against left-handers, a move being made with one of those options. If the Red Sox are serious about subbing in against lefties for Ortiz (or even Pablo Sandoval) late in games, then they might want to explore putting Allen Craig back on the 40-man roster and giving him the call. Craig would seem to serve more of a purpose than Bianchi, and is hitting .391 against lefties with Triple-A Pawtucket. It would leave the Sox with just Brock Holt as the only substitute middle infielder, but Craig could also start finding some time in left field against left-handed starters instead of the Sox running out the left-hitting Holt (who has been hitting lefties at a .324 clip) with Hanley Ramirez serving as designated hitter. The playing time fit for Craig once again is not perfect, especially considering Holt's success against southpaws. But if they are going to go down this road with Ortiz against lefties, it would fit better than what the Sox have now. It's been more than five years since we went down this road, but after Wednesday's maneuvers it's something that has re-entered into the conversation.


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Day Spas and Massages in Singapore
When coming to the big city of Singapore it is possible to enjoy a tremendous lifestyle. This is an international city with all imaginable luxuries at your disposal. For those looking for Spa and Massage services when in Singapore, there are many great options that exist. Whether it is anti aging caviar facial or some Thai Herbal steam therapy, the city has many different companies offering all the exotic treatments that can be hard to find elsewhere. Prices can vary dramatically and both high end facilities and budget spas are available, though the treatments offered may vary.
Top 5 Budget Day Spas in Singapore
Aramsa - Surrounded in nature at Bishan Park the Arasma Spa is the top spa in Singapore. The myriad of treatments offered is expansive and the feeling of tranquility in the natural surrounding is truly relaxing. While other larger spa's may offer a wider variety of treatments, the regulars at Aramsa will tell you that there is no equal to the calm, natural surroundings and top notch treatments offered here.
Amrita Spa - From fitness to quality dining, the Amrita Spa has it all. You may feel as if you have stepped into a chic resort upon entering this spa located right in the heart of Singapore. The Blue Potato is the restaurant offering great cuisine after a full day of being pampered. The Amrita is truly an all in one stop for the best variety of any spa in the city.
Villa Raintree Spa - Set in villas situated in the Labrador nature reserve the Villa Raintree spa is truly unique. The location is surrounded by beautiful nature and is quite possibly the best place to go and get away from the busy city life.
The Asian Spa - Located in the Fullerton Hotel, the Asian Spa is an award winning spa offering a massive 20,000 square feet of pampering to its guests. The Steam baths and rooftop swimming pool are two great features that set the Asian Spa apart from all others.The Four Seasons Spa - Located in the luxurious 5 star Four Seasons hotel in Singapore, this is a spa that spares no expense and provides some of the best service you will find anywhere in the world. Though spa treatments are exclusive to guests of the hotel, the huge variety of specialized treatments may well have you lining up to book a room for a relaxing weekend. While not ideal for budget minded spa goers, the extravagance and luxury of the hotel and spa creates a place that pampers its guests like nowhere else. The Four Seasons name is synonymous with quality and elegance and the spa here is no exception


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To be able to bulk delete unmapped custom object records
score 350Active
As an administrator, I will need to be able to bulk delete any unmapped custom objects regularly to maintain the clearness of the database and also to ensure that we are using custom objects within the limit. As we delete the contacts regularly which resulted in some unmapped custom objects sitting in the system and does not serve any function, so I would like to have a function that will allow them to bulk delete the orphaned custom objects records.
Feature Request:
Bulk Delete Unmapped Custom Objects


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Google video shows off five mini-games for Google Glass
Other games include Clay Shooter, which obviously is a shooting game, and Matcher requires you to match cards like the old Concentration game. Finally, Shape Splitter requires you to move your hands in front of the Glass camera to split shapes into small particles.
Want to see what game playing on Google Glass looks like? Click on the video below. Google hopes that thew video inspires developers to come up with some more games for the device.
source: Google (1), (2) via BGR


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Garland Updates
Garland to Sachse Bridge
On June 27, 2019 there was a ribbon cutting ceremony to officially open the new Pleasant Valley Road Bridge. According to Mayor Scott LeMay, this marked the completion of a 10 year project with a cost of $25 million. The cost to the City of Garland was 10 percent, or $2.5 million.
The bridge is 1,500 feet long with 130 foot high City of Garland monuments on both ends. It runs above Rowlett Creek and its surrounding floodplain, where Pleasant Valley Road connects with Miles Road and the City of Sachse. The bridge marks the entryway to Garland, with bike and hike trails on both sides and a trailhead parking lot adjacent to the bridge.
The 130 foot monuments bear the Garland Firewheel logo, and the ornamental ironwork on the rails create an impressive doorstep into the City of Garland. It's also lighted at night, making equally as attractive during evening hours.


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Check out the ending numbers below. If you missed your chance to support this campaign, CONTACT US and we may still be able to help you out. If not, your other option is to reach out to the campaign creator and request a repost.
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Join KP's Army & help us raise money for Kristen Polizzotto's fight against Lymphoma. #dothedamnthing
This campaign is closed. Send a message to the creator of this fundraiser and ask them to relaunch it.
Have you been sending your love, maybe healing thoughts or even most recently some activewear? Have you been watching a person so strong, resilient and determined battle this terrible disease and want to do something to help? Maybe you are a long-time friend, a former student or colleague? Maybe you have not even met Kristen but have heard of her journey? KP's Army is hosting a fundraiser for Kristen and her family through Ink to the People. Nearly $10 from every item sold will be raised.
Our friend Kristen Polizzotto has been battling Lymphoma for over 4 years. She was approximately 2.5 years in remission when her follow up scans revealed the devastating news of its recurrence. She is now receiving 'bridge' treatments as she awaits a bone marrow transplant. Kristen has been a Stoneham High School Guidance Counselor and Cross-Country coach for over ten years. She recently earned her Yoga Teacher Certification and was teaching at Restore in Woburn. Kristen's married- with a 4-year-old son Cayden. Her husband Bryan-finished his own cancer treatment this past year. We invite you to join KP's Army and purchase an item or two to support her family. Please also consider joining the Bone Marrow Registry at bethematch.org. Restore Meditation has started a GoFundMe Page for Kristen which can be found here: https://bit.ly/2XTBSG4


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Kumara Sangakkara and Mahela Jayawardene will play their final ODI in Sri Lanka today vs England at R. Premadasa Stadium in Colombo. Sri Lanka having already clinched the series (4-2) will look to make full use of the dead rubber by including one or two players who didn't get an opportunity thus far in the series.
Over the years, Mahela and Sanga, found their names entering cricket folklore every time the national team took to the field irrespective of the format. The duo took spotlight just around the time when the euphoric glory of Sri Lanka's 1996 World Cup victory was fading away and changed the way Sri Lankan cricket looked like and was thought of by the viewers. Both these players beautified Sri Lankan batting with exquisite strokeplay.
The silky shots and deft timing, without showing any brash intent to smack the ball over the boundary line recklessly, made them fan favorites, commentator favorites, analyst favorites – basically everyone's favorite players.


text: Matt Schorr May 7, 2019 NASHVILLE, Tenn. For Muna Muday, being a doctor isn't enough. "I want to work domestically and internationally," she said. "I feel like these two cannot be away from each other." Her passion is learning how to develop programs that improve public health, and she hopes to someday work with projects on a global scale for organizations like the World Health Organization and other international groups. Specifically, her interests lie with efforts advocating for health among women and children. Tumultuous origins Muday's family originally came from Somalia. Located on the Horn of Africa, it's a land of flat plains and plateaus, cut in places by deep valleys. The Cal Madow mountain range stands in the northeast, while the Jubba and Shabele rivers flow south to the Indian Ocean. It's also a country that's suffered years of violence and bloodshed. In 1991, the Somali Democratic Republic collapsed and civil war erupted. In the years to come, the death toll would reach roughly 500,000. Today, that war is still ongoing. Muday's parents sought to escape in the early 90's, fleeing southwest to Kenya. They found refuge there in Dadaab, site of a United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees base hosting more than 235,000 registered refugees and asylum seekers. Unfortunately, not everyone survived the journey. "Two of my oldest siblings never made it," Muday said. "They died of malnutrition." Strife brings inspiration Muday was born shortly after her parents arrived at Dadaab Refugee Camp. Including her late siblings, she had six brothers and four sisters. She would eventually relocate to Nashville in 2004, but it was her years in the camp that pushed her toward a career in public health. "I grew up surrounded by problems," she recalled. "Women and children died every day in the camp due to many preventable public health issues." Those tragedies served as both a painful and profound catalyst, fueling a desire to end such heartache wherever possible. Likewise, Muday found inspiration among the global health experts that visited the camp. "I wanted to be like them," she said. "I wanted to be a doctor, originally, but being a doctor is not enough there." Working to alleviate health disparity Muday graduated from Strafford STEM Magnet High School in Nashville. From there, she went to Tennessee State University to earn a Bachelor of Science Degree in Health Studies, with a concentration in Public Health. She's currently pursuing a Masters Degree in Public Health, with a focus on Global Health, at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. It was here that she began working in Community Engagement with the Meharry-Vanderbilt Alliance. Her efforts include contributions to the Community Health Worker Collaborative, something that resonates with her childhood experiences. "One of the things I experienced in the camp was the impact of Community Health Workers," she said. "Health disparity is not just something at the global level. It's a local problem." She believes Nashville has many health disparities, and with her background, she can contribute to efforts alleviating them. 'Local and global' "My goal here is to hold with the initiatives of the Community Health Worker Collaborative," Muda said. "To learn from these types of projects how to develop and implement local health disparity projects and initiatives." Her passion is learning how to develop programs that will improve public health in the wider population. "Someday I want to go back and work in the refugee camps," she said. "My mission is local and global." About the Meharry-Vanderbilt Alliance Founded in 1999, the Alliance bridges the institutions of Meharry Medical College and Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Its mission is to enrich learning and advance clinical research in three primary areas -- community engagement, interprofessional education and research -- by developing and supporting mutually beneficial partnerships between Meharry Medical College, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the communities they serve. Through community engagement, the Alliance serves a large community of stakeholders including surrounding universities and colleges, community organizations, faith-based outlets and community health centers. Its interprofessional education enhances students' interdisciplinary understanding and improves patient outcomes through integrated care. The research conducted provides access to experienced grant writers and materials supporting the grant application process and facilitates grant-writing workshops. Muna Muday Advancing CEnR Conference proceedings published MVA intern wins Best Poster for Completed Work at Symposium on Implementation Research in the Learning Health System