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by Karen Methot
Below: scenes from last year's march on Stop & Shop in Boston. The Campaign for Fair Food is returning to familiar ground this week, as workers from Immokalee and their allies from student and faith communities head north to keep the heat on supermarket chains Stop & Shop and Giant and food movement darling Chipotle for their refusal to partner with farmworkers and support the CIW's Fair Food Program. The campaign's planned stop in Massachusetts is in Quincy. See details below, and download a flyer here.
Thursday, April 12, at 12:00pm
Theater, speakers, delegation and action
Stop & Shop corporate offices
1385 Hancock Street
Quincy, MA 02169
Click here to learn more about this movement, and how paying 1 penny a pound more for tomatoes can raise farmworkers in Imokalee, Florida out of poverty.
We invite users of this website to post comments in response to posts published here. In order to maintain a respectful community, we insist that comments be polite, respectful and tolerant of opposing viewpoints. We reserve the right to remove comments that are hostile, hateful or abusive to others, or that constitute personal attacks. In the interest of transparency, we highly recommend that users comment using their full names. For those who feel a need for more anonymity, however, we will allow posts using first names and last initial.


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East Bergholt
01206 298825 / 07801 697207
East Bergholt
01206 298825 / 07801 697207
I practice in the North Essex/South Suffolk area where I offer one to one consultations to support clients of all ages with a wide range of health concerns. I give regular health talks on a range of topics and run group programmes and cookery workshops (for details please see my upcoming events).
I also offer employee wellness talks and programmes to businesses to inspire their staff make positive lifestyle changes to optimise their potential and energy levels in the workplace
My fascination for fun, fresh and nutritious food alongside a keen interest in a more integrated approach to natural healthcare led me to the science of nutrition. I draw on my passion and knowledge to guide and empower others to understand their individual nutritional requirements and help them regain control of their health.
My approach as a fully qualified nutritional therapist is to assess and identify potential nutritional imbalances within the body that may contribute to signs and symptoms of ill-health. I consider each client on an individual basis assessing in depth their symptoms, medical history, family history, emotional factors and lifestyle issues, all of which play a vital role in functional health. By considering my clients' specific needs and prioritising their goals I am able to prescribe realistic yet effective programmes so that making change is a positive experience and ultimately becomes a part of everyday life.
As a complementary therapist, where possible, I aim to work in collaboration with my clients' other healthcare professionals including GPs.
Please call me for a free no obligation introductory chat to find out more
I am a fully qualified nutritional therapy practitioner.
I hold a Bachelor of Science degree (BSc) in Nutritional Medicine from Thames Valley University (now the University of West London).
I am a full member of the British Association for Applied Nutrition and Nutritional Therapy (BANT) and a registered practitioner with the Complementary and Natural Healthcare Council (CNHC). The CNHC was set up with government support to protect the public by providing a UK voluntary register of complementary therapists. Its register has been approved as an Accredited Voluntary Register by the Professional Standards Authority for Health and Social Care.
I write articles for 'The Best Start', a magazine that provides information and advice for new and expectant parents.
I have also worked with Marilyn Glenville and the Natural Health Practice as a Nutrition Advisor at the CAMexpo exhibition and The Vitality Show.
Personal Consultations:
Completion of a detailed nutritional assessment questionnaire and a 3-day food and lifestyle diary before your appointment will enable me to prepare for your initial consultation.
Initial consultation (can last up to 1 ½ hours): £120.00
Follow-up consultations (can last up to 1 hour): £75.00
A follow up consultation is intended to monitor progress, ensure motivation is ongoing and make any necessary adjustments to the programme.
Email and telephone support is available in-between consultations.
Wellness at Work Plans:
If you are interested to integrate a corporate wellness plan into your organisation please contact Jo to discuss your requirements.
About Nutritional Therapy
Good food is essential to our health and wellbeing but there is more to nutritional therapy than the mere basics of healthy eating. Our bodies are biochemically unique, so foods beneficial to one person may not necessarily be so to another. The overall approach of nutritional therapy is to help support the body towards maintaining good health by assessing and identifying potential nutritional imbalances and, by understanding how these can contribute to symptoms and health conditions, provide the body with the correct nutrition specific to its needs.
Nutritional therapy is a complementary therapy often used alongside conventional medicine that is suitable for everyone. As professional practitioners they draw on their knowledge and understanding of the needs and goal of their clients to recommend personalised nutrition and lifestyle programmes rather than a 'one size fits all' approach.
Practitioners never recommend nutritional therapy as a replacement for medical advice and always refer any client with 'red flag' signs or symptoms to their medical professional. They will also frequently work alongside a medical professional and will communicate with other healthcare professionals involved in the client's care to explain any nutritional therapy programme that has been provided.
|Online nutrition support:
|Telephone nutrition support:
|Face to face nutrition:
|Home visits:
|Sign language:
|Other languages:
Face to face consultations available weekdays & some Saturdays in East Bergholt (home visits can be arranged). Health talks, group programmes and workshops in East Bergholt & Manningtree

subset: commoncrawl


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A Falcon 9 rocket has failed to deliver its payload to the International Space Station. Elon Musk's SpaceX project was dealt a big blow on Sunday when the company's rocket exploded shortly after blastoff at 10:21 a.m. local time.
The rocket, which launched from Cape Canaveral, was carrying a Dargon cargo spacecraft that would have delivered supplies to the International Space Station. The capsule was carrying two and a half tons of supplies, equipment and experiments including a new docking adapter for accommodating future U.S.-built spaceships to a virtual-reality headset for the station's crew.
Astronauts aboard the International Space Station failed to receive goods last month when a Russian spacecraft was destroyed during takeoff. The new supplies rock is slated to launch from Kazakhstan on July 3.
Shortly after the explosion SpaceX released the following tweet:
The vehicle experienced an anomaly on ascent. Team is investigating. Updates to come.
— SpaceX (@SpaceX) June 28, 2015
No further details have been released by SpaceX at this time.
Along with the launch, SpaceX was going to attempt landing the rocket on an ocean-based platform.
More to follow as details are made available.


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Step 1Scrape the seeds from the vanilla bean into the sugar and, using your fingers, thoroughly mix the seeds into the sugar so that there are no clumps of seeds. Place the sugar and three-fourths cup water into a medium saucepan and heat over high heat until the sugar dissolves and the simple syrup almost comes to a boil. Remove from the heat and set aside.
Step 2Soften the gelatin sheets in a bowl of cold water, 1 to 2 minutes. Squeeze all of the water out of the gelatin sheets and immediately place them into the warm simple syrup. Stir constantly until the gelatin is dissolved.
Step 3Carefully pour the Prosecco into the saucepan, and stir gently but quickly to combine. Pour the gelee mixture into molds or an 8-by-8-inch square cake pan lined with plastic wrap, and refrigerate until completely set, preferably overnight. To serve, carefully remove the gelee from the molds (use the tip of a knife to loosen each shot) or, if using a cake pan, cut the gelee into 1-inch squares. Each serving: 20 calories; 0 protein; 4 grams carbohydrates; 0 fiber; 0 fat; 0 cholesterol; 1 mg. sodium.


text: The Commodore Amiga 500 was a historic computing platform and enjoyed huge popularity in Europe. The computers sold millions of units and changed the living room forever, this famous computing icon is still loved and used anno 2017. Modern Vintage Gamer takes a closer look in what's going on and how to push the Commodore Amiga 500 to new boundaries with the current state of technology mostly engineered by Amiga fans worldwide. (picture courtesy of Modern Vintage gamer)


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In my last post I talked about respectfully approaching God and seeking His presence. I used a portion of Elizabeth Barrett Browning's poem, which I will include again, because, well it's awesome. So to recap, here it is:
Earth's crammed with heaven,
And every common bush afire with God:
But only he who sees, takes off his shoes;
The rest sit 'round it and pluck blackberries
My sister-in-law pointed out that where she lives it is common practice to take off your shoes when entering someone's home. A lot of Middle Eastern countries have this practice as a sign of respect before entering a home or mosque. She mentions it is also a very humbling gesture. As well as giving me the above picture (thank you, Pri) she also had thought provoking follow-up questions that prompted this second post about (more…)


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My colour choice this week is a bubblegum pink in a gel polish. This pink shade is very flattering on my skin tone, with a cute as you like feel with a trailer trash edge. I have been receiving lots of compliments. What do you think?
A Blogzine for Women
Find The Best Skin Products For Basic Skin Care, Acne, Anti-Aging, Scars & Scratch Marks, Eczema, Melasma, Sun Protection, Rosacea for the best use.
Beauty / fashion & Life style


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Bachelor of Science Degree, Business Major
See also Physical Education
Sports and recreation has become an essential part of culture, as vast numbers of people engage in competitive sports and recreational activities. Positions in sports and Christian camp facilities provide abundant opportunities for those with the well-rounded physical education and business training PCC offers in the sport management concentration.
By learning both the physical education and business sides of the sports and recreation industry, students obtain the training needed to manage sports facilities, direct camp ministries, or administrate sports organizations. Specialized courses provide training in the following areas:
Beyond gaining preparation for future employment, students also receive the foundational spiritual training needed to use sports to reach people for Christ and disciple them in their Christian walk. Bible courses provide in-depth knowledge of God's Word with strong spiritual application while helping students develop ethical business practices and philosophies.
Equipped with well-rounded physical education, business, and spiritual training, sport management grads have earned advanced degrees and are serving God in a variety of positions such as personal trainers, camp administrators, and fitness directors.
I am extremely grateful for the opportunity the Lord has given to me to attend Pensacola Christian College. As a Sport Management major, I found the physical education classes extremely valuable because I was given an extensive education not only about the science of how the body works, but also about how to properly take care of the body through physical exercise. I also received many business courses that have given me the knowledge and understanding of handling personal finances, as well as personal business endeavors. Ultimately, every class was given with ministry in mind. Because of this, it has given me the mindset to use the education and opportunities the Lord has given to me for His honor and glory, no matter where His plan takes me.
Justin S. '14
Student-Led Ministry Opportunities
foreign countries represented at PCC
U.S. states represented at PCC
alumni since 1974


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A fast turn around and Ableweb really helped with writing content…highly recommended" – Michael
What we built…!
- A Website with Blazingly Fast Load Time
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We wanted a Website which clearly shows our services and fence types… Ableweb achieved this in Spades" – Ryan
What we built…!
- A Website that displays Able Fencing's work and services
- Call to Action Buttons
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Follow us on
TWITTER for our latest projects…


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WHOA (like Joey Lawrence would say!)
It's been a whole year since I first launched my blog. I've received countless emails, questions and comments from YOU, all that challenge me to do and be better. I'm so grateful and appreciative of all your support. I remember posting my first blog and thinking, "Am I crazy? What will people think? Can I REALLY commit to doing this?" The answer is a resounding YES to all! Of course I'm crazy…and I love it. Crazy people are the ones who take risks and get sh!t done. We're (assuming you're one too!) the people whose dreams become reality. Yes, people (you) have thoughts and you have been so gracious to share them with me…I love that! But, perhaps most importantly the third yes, I CAN commit to this. Of course there were weeks that were "lighter" writing wise than others, but it's December 31st and I'm still at it!
What a Blessing
My First Post was my story and I was terrified to share. I use to hide the fact that I was overweight. I thought nobody wanted to train with or be taught about fitness from a FFK (Former Fat Kid). I've now realized that this is my story. Everybody has a journey and a story to tell and mine is PERFECT. I'm REAL. I no longer hide the fact that I was overweight, I celebrate it. If I was always "small", "thin", "fit" I wouldn't be able to wholeheartedly appreciate my student's and my client's struggles. I know how it feels to not fit into your clothes, to not want to go out because you feel gross or even hate look in the mirror. It's heartbreaking to live in a body that you're ashamed of, I GET IT!
I created "GET FIERCE" because I think everyBODY should live in a body that they are proud of and LOVE! I think everyone should feel and think FIERCEly! What a gift to give yourself to stand tall and think, "I'm FUC#!NG FIERCE!" THIS is the way I want everyone to feel everyday. 2013 is YOUR year! It's my gift to YOU! You deserve to live an amazing life today, filled with everything you could ever desire. Appreciate your struggles realizing it's your journey and it's brought you HERE to right now.
I want you to create a list of all the things your grateful for that happened this past year (good and bad)…we have to accept the old to make way for the new. Then I want you to create a list of all the things you want this year to bring. Make 'em BIG…this is your time to be "CRAZY" to dream. I'm sharing mine below.
- Crazy Heartbreak
- Leaving a great place of employment
- Starting at a new (AWESOME) studio
- Created my blog
- Experienced an awesome summer at the beach with friends
- Loving my roomies, dog & home
- Launched my GET FIERCE Training Camps
- Trained in Booiaka Dance class
- Vacationed with my college girls
- Rang in the New Year with a wedding of a dear friend
- Logo re-design (by the awesome Alison Leipzig)
THE NEW (what's comin')
- Great financial success
- Awesome(r) and more frequent GET FIERCE training camps
- Even more private clients
- ALL of my classes are SOLD OUT
- Amazing 2 week international vacation with my love
- Writing for a MAJOR publication
- Video work on my site and for others
- STILL loving my roomies, dog & home
- Appreciation for each and every day
I want to say THANK YOU for all of your support this year. We see in others what we are ourselves. My goal for both you and me is to walk forward into each day with great love and appreciation for all others knowing it's a reflection of our own self love.
To a VERY Happy and Healthy 2013!
All my love,


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So she's back with Jai ?
But I thought they broke up. But that means she wasn't really with Nate 😦
Omlg, I thought they were quite cute together.
Apparently she cheated on Jai with Nathan And broke Jai's heart.
Well if that's the case then he must really love her to take her back.
Coz she posted a pic of the two of them on her insta
This is just weird for me. Just. She's looks like such an angel. I'm not saying anything, we all make mistakes. Plus you never know what to believe.
Just shocked though.


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You are here
About us
Our mission is to inspire young minds by providing quality teaching and training that supports children in mastering life-long skills and enjoyment in literacy and numeracy.
"Everything we do is about giving children life chances… we are determined to reach out to support as many pupils as possible who may need help"
Quest for Learning is a teaching and training education charity based in Didcot. Through our teaching, we inspire young minds struggling with literacy and numeracy. Working within Oxfordshire schools, our dynamic, specially designed individual and group programmes extend and grow children's confidence and skills. Through our training courses, we offer professional development opportunities to empower teachers and teaching assistants to keep their educational practice up-to-date and inspiring for the young people they work with.
Upcoming courses
Harwell, Didcot
Harwell, Didcot
Support our work
We accept donations through Localgiving and The Big Give. Both are secure, fast ways to donate online
or learn more about the unique approach we have to learning


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|Oracle FAQ
|Your Portal to the Oracle Knowledge Grid
Home -> Community -> Usenet -> c.d.o.misc -> Perfomance differences with big databases and Unix systems
I have a question.
If I have a big database, let's suppose, tables with more than 500 millions records and many users,
is it really going to be a difference between running our database with Microsoft SQL Server and Windows
than running on a Unix system with Oracle, for example?
I know that the question is very ambiguous, and you cannot give me straight
answer 'Yes or No',
but I just wanted to have an idea that if it's true that usually big databases run better on Unix systems than on Windows, just because of processes and memory handling and other factors.
PS: If this is not the right forum, please let me know where I can post my question.
Thanks Received on Tue Nov 23 2004 - 16:13:10 CST
Original text of this message


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"Consumer-driven companies that have exposure to the EU, in areas like IT services and fintech, that support the banking and other regulated sectors, are likely to be affected first, and have to comply," Shree Parthasarathy, national leader - cyber risk services, Deloitte told PTI here.
However, he added that Indian consumers and regulators may not feel the strong impact of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) immediately.
GDPR aims to strengthen and protect the data of individuals within the EU and also deals with export of personal data outside the region.
The laws are relevant due to rising instances of data breaches, with the latest involving social media platform Facebook, where the data of around 87 million users globally, including over 5.6 lakh Indians, was accessed by British political research firm Cambridge Analytica through its app, without authorisation.
Parthasarathy said GDPR will impact companies with operations in Europe and those that handle vast amounts of customer or client data, the most.
Large information technology firms like TCS, Infosys, Wipro and HCL, are already rushing to tweak their vendor and customer contracts, according to him.
Parthasarathy pointed out that areas like life sciences, manufacturing sector and the government entities will find it much harder to comply to the GDPR in time, that comes into effect from May 25.
Kroll, a New York-based corporate investigations and risk consulting firm also corroborated that the IT companies, which have exposure in Europe will be impacted the most.
Further, it indicated that GDPR regulations stipulate significant fines for companies that do not comply with the law, which will be a concern.
Flouting the GDPR could attract fines of up to 20 million euros or 4 per cent of a firm's global turnover.
Reshmi Khurana, managing director and head of investigations and disputes, South Asia, Kroll, said, it remains to be seen which regulator will oversee the compliance of the law, which companies will be up for scrutiny in the first generation (probably European firms and those handling data from Europe inside or outside Europe), and how the checks will be delivered and fines will be levied.


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I was asked to embroider a special green sash for a traditional wedding and i was face to an interesting challenge: to use only one color of beads.Green Embroidered Mandala Sash
I decided to design a Mandala starting from a point, going on around with circles and details around the
circles. Only one color does not give you many choices so i developed the design using different stitches.
I created a lights and shadows design helped by the way of sewing the beads.
Green Embroidered Mandala Hairpin
The shinning beads attracting the light were sown normally but the ones creating the shadows were sown facing the surface of the embroidery.
I was very pleased of my design and my achieved embroidery.
I made two different Sashes, a cuff bracelet and a hairpin using the same pattern.
They are available on sale in the shop.


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1 Hour
1 Day
1 Week
1 Month
Gypsy tart originated from the Isle of Sheppey
. Please
Waterbodies & Maritime
Topic: HMS Hydra (1797 - 1820)
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Topic: HMS Hydra (1797 - 1820) (Read 1933 times)
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Dave Smith
Full Member
Posts: 308
Appreciation 5
Re: HMS Hydra (1797 - 1820)
Reply #4 on:
April 09, 2018, 20:14:29 »
bilgerat. Whew! Another most interesting story, many thanks. I was interested to see that the Surgeon was a Warrant Officer, altho' allowed to dine in the Ward Room with the officers.
Established Member
Posts: 1193
Appreciation 70
Re: HMS Hydra (1797 - 1820)
Reply #3 on:
April 09, 2018, 12:56:45 »
What constantly amazes me about many of these ships is how short, but eventful, their histories were.
Sr. Member
Posts: 572
Appreciation 25
Re: HMS Hydra (1797 - 1820)
Reply #2 on:
April 08, 2018, 20:51:05 »
Another excellent read Bilgerat...thank you. The stuff of KHF.
Established Member
Posts: 1163
Appreciation 264
HMS Hydra (1797 - 1820)
Reply #1 on:
April 08, 2018, 18:57:29 »
HMS Hydra was a Fifth Rate, 18pdr-armed, 38-gun frigate built under Navy Board contract by William Cleverley at his shipyard at Gravesend. Her design was a direct copy of the ex-French HMS Melpomene, originally built in Toulon and launched on the 6th August 1789. HMS Melpomene was captured by the Royal Navy on the 10th August 1794 and was commissioned under her French name. HMS Hydra was the only British ship built to this design.
The contract for the construction of HMS Hydra was signed on the 30th April 1795 and the first elm keel section of the ship was laid at Cleverley's Yard the following November. Over the course of the next fourteen months, the ship took shape and she was launched with all due ceremony into the River Thames on the 13th of March 1797. After her launch, the ship was taken to the Royal Dockyard at Woolwich, where she was fitted with her guns, masts and rigging. In April 1797, HMS Hydra commissioned into the Channel Fleet under Captain Sir Francis Laforey, the 2nd Baronet Laforey of Whitby.
On completion, HMS Hydra was a ship of 1,016 tons. She was 148ft 2in long on her gundeck, 123 ft 7in long along her keel and 39ft 4in wide across the beams. She was armed with 28 x 18pdr long guns on her gundeck, 12 x 32pdr carronades on her quarterdeck with 2 x 12pdr long guns and 2 x 32pdr carronades on her forecastle. In addition to her main guns, the ship also carried about a dozen half-pounder swivel guns fitted to her forecastle and quarterdeck handrails and in her fighting tops. By the time the ship was declared complete at Woolwich, she had cost £23,012.
Captain Francis Laforey was the son of Sir John Laforey, 1st Baronet, who was himself a distinguished and successful if controversial officer. He was born in the Viginia Colony and was raised in Antigua while his father carved out his own naval career. His father's influence certainly helped the young Francis up the ranks of the Royal Navy and he had been aged 24 when he received his first command appointment, the 6pdr-armed 16-gun sloop of war HMS Fairy in the years just before the French Revolutionary War broke out. He had been appointed to command the 9pdr-armed 6th rate, 28-gun frigate HMS Carysfort on the outbreak of war and was still aged only 29 when he was appointed in command of HMS Hydra. Captain Laforey was himself no stranger to controversy. During his time in command of HMS Carysfort, he had recaptured the ex-HMS Castor from the French. Because that ship had yet to be refitted for French service, the Admiralty had refused to pay Captain Laforey and his men prize money for the ship, claiming that all he and his men were entitled to was a much smaller payment in respect of salvage. Captain Laforey and his officers were having none of this and sued the Admiralty. The Court ruled in their favour and ordered the Admiralty to pay Captain Laforey and his men what was due. The incident seems to have done Captain Laforey's career in the Royal Navy no harm, otherwise he wouldn't have received another command appointment when his term in command of HMS Carysfort ended.
See here for the story of HMS Carysfort:
and HMS Fairy:
Once he was appointed to command the ship, Captain Laforey set about recruiting his crew. His three Lieutenants, ranked in order of seniority, 1st, 2nd and 3rd, were appointed into the ship by the Admiralty. The appointment of the First Lieutenant was of particular importance as he was the Captain's right hand man, responsible for the day-to-day running of the ship and the captain certainly had a degree of say in who was appointed to his ship. The senior Warrant Officers were appointed by the Navy Board, and would include the Standing Officers, those men who would remain with the ship whether she was in commission or not. The Standing Officers were as follows:
The Boatswain - Answerable to the First Lieutenant and responsible for the maintenance and repair of the ship's masts, sails and rigging as well as the ships boats. On a ship like HMS Hydra, he would be assisted by one Boatswains Mate.
The Carpenter - an apprenticed and qualified shipwright, answerable to the First Lieutenant and responsible for the maintenance and repair of the ship's frames, hull and decks. He was assisted by one Carpenters Mate and had his own crew of five Able Seamen. He was usually appointed from amongst the shipwrights who built the ship, thereby staking his own life on the quality of the workmanship.
The Gunner - Answerable to the First Lieutenant and responsible for the maintenance and repair of the ship's main guns and associated equipment, training the gunners, the storage and distribution in action of the ship's supplies of gunpowder and shot and the maintenance and repair of the ships's iron fixtures and fittings. He was assisted by a Gunners Mate and in addition to the Gunners Mate, there were nine Quarter-Gunners, each responsible for four gun crews.
The Cook - Answerable to the Purser and responsible for the preparation and distribution of the ships victuals.
The Purser - Answerable to the Captain and so entitled to live in the wardroom with the commissioned officers, he was responsible for the purchase and distribution of all the ships provisions and stores.
In addition to the Standing Officers, the Navy Board appointed further senior Warrant Officers into the ship, as follows:
The Surgeon - Answerable to the captain and so entitled to live in the wardroom with the commissioned officers, he was responsible for the day-to-day healthcare of the ship's crew. He was assisted by one Assistant Surgeon.
The Sailing Master - Answerable to the captain and so entitled to live in the wardroom with the commissioned officers, he was the highest ranking of the non-commissioned officers and was responsible for the day-to-day sailing and navigation of the ship, training the midshipmen in the arts of navigation and ship-handling and was also responsible for the storage of supplies in the hold, to ensure the optimum trim for the ship. He was assisted by a Masters Mate. Also reporting to the Sailing Master were three Quartermasters, who were each responsible for the ship's steering and each with their own Mate.
As well as these core Warrant Officers, other lower ranking Warrant Officers were appointed:
The Armourer, a qualified and apprenticed blacksmith, he was answerable to the Gunner and was responsible for the maintenance and repair of the ship's supply of small-arms and bladed weapons. He was assisted by an Armourers Mate.
The Caulker, answerable to the Carpenter and responsible for ensuring the hull and decks remained watertight. The Caulker had no crew as such, but Able Seamen would be ordered to assist him as and when required.
The Sailmaker - answerable to the Boatswain and responsible for the maintenance and repair of the ship's sails and the storage of spare sails and flags. He didn't have a crew as such, but was entitled to have Able Seamen nominated to assist him as and when required.
The Ropemaker - answerable to the Boatswain and responsible for the ship's supplies of cordage as well as the manufacture of new cordage as and when needed.
The Clerk - answerable to the Purser and responsible for all the record-keeping and administration aboard the ship.
The Schoolmaster - answerable to the First Lieutenant and responsible for the education and welfare of the ship's boys.
The Chaplain - answerable to the Captain, he would be an ordained priest. In the absence of a Chaplain, the Captain would carry out his duties.
In addition to these core craftsmen and Warrant Officers, numerous Petty Officers would be picked out from amongst the men brought aboard from the Receiving Ship and those taken by any press-gangs sent out by the Captain, as well as men volunteering for service. The First Lieutenant would be responsible for sorting men and boys by their experience and assigning them to stations in the ship. These would be Petty Officers, those men with previous experience in those roles, Able Seamen who could turn their hand to anything and with at least two years of sea-going experience, Ordinary Seamen; those with previous sea-going experience and Landsmen with no previous sea-going experience. Landsmen were the unskilled labourers aboard the ship. In addition, those aged 18 or under would be rated as Boys; 1st Class with Able Seaman levels of experience and skills, 2nd Class with Ordinary Seaman-level experience and skills and 3rd Class with no previous sea-going experience.
A frigate like HMS Hydra would also have an embarked contingent of Marines, who joined the ship as a pre-existing unit. A 38-gun ship would have a unit headed by a Lieutenant of Marines, assisted by a Sergeant and a Corporal, with a Drummer and 36 Privates. The role of the ship's Marines would be several-fold. In addition to providing the ship with a core land-forces element, the Marines would be mostly employed in pouring small-arms fire onto an enemy vessel in action, including the posting of sharp-shooters in the fighting tops to take down officers and gunners on an enemy ship's upper decks and posted on hatchways to prevent terrifed seamen from fleeing below. They would play a leading role in repelling enemy boarders if necessary and also provided security for HMS Hydra's own officers. They would provide sentries at strategic points around the ship when she was at anchor as well as a ceremonial guard when the ship entered or left port and received a VIP. The officer commanding the ship's contingent of Marines was entitled to live in the wardroom.
Finally, there were the Midshipmen. Officers in training, a ship like HMS Hydra would have six Midshipmen appointed by the Port Admiral or local Commander-in-Chief on behalf of the Admiralty. There were also Midshipmen-in-Ordinary. The number of those aboard depended on the Captain. On the ship's books as Captains Servants and rated as Able Seamen, these were usually the sons of people the Captain either owed a favour to or was doing a favour for. They wore the uniform and performed the duties of a Midshipman and lived in the Midshipmen's quarters and would serve in this position until they had gained the two years sea-going experience required before they could be appointed as Midshipmen proper. The Captain of a ship with a crew of 284 would be entitled to have as many as twelve servants or four per hundred of her Company. A captain would never require this many servants unless he was extraordinarily extravagant, so the spare positions would be used for the Midshipmen-in-Ordinary.
Captain Laforey would be responsible for moulding all these men into an efficient and deadly fighting unit who could operate their ship in every possible situation and certainly in the early weeks and months of her commission, this would be done by brute force.
Plans of HMS Hydra
Orlop Plan:
Lower or Berth Deck Plan:
Upper, Main or Gundeck Plan:
Forecastle and Quarterdeck Plans:
Inboard Profile and Plan:
Framing Plan:
Sheer Plan and Lines:
It didn't take Captain Laforey and his new ship long to get into the action. On 7th April 1797, HMS Hydra, in company with the 18pdr armed 38 gun frigate HMS Diamond, was patrolling near the St Marcouf Islands off the Normandy coast when they sighted a force of 33 flat-bottomed gunboats and a number of heavily armed gun-brigs, which had been sent from Le Havre to capture the islands. At 16:00, the French force anchored in a line off the islands and at 17:30, the two British frigates opened fire on them. While attempting to wear ship (to change tack by passing the ship's stern through the eye of the wind), HMS Diamond ran aground on a sand-bank. Despite being stuck fast, the ship continued firing until 20:30, when darkness forced her to cease fire. The enemy also stopped firing and soon after midnight HMS Diamond's crew, assisted by men from HMS Hydra succeeded in getting the ship off the sand-bank. At 06:00, the French weighed anchor and headed west, anchoring again off the town of Bernie. The two British frigates followed out of range, observing the enemy and were joined by the 50 gun ship of the line HMS Adamant under Captain William Hotham. Observing the powerful two-decker joining the two British frigates, the French commander headed east back towards the Caen River pursued by the three British ships and exchanging broadside fire on the way. The French anchored again under the shore batteries protecting Le Havre, at which point all three British ships broke off the action and headed out to sea. The French were to make another two attempts to take the St Marcouf Islands, all of which were driven off.
See here for the story of HMS Diamond:
On the 30th of May, HMS Hydra was off Le Havre in company with the bomb vessel HMS Vesuvius and the cutter HMS Trial when they sighted three vessels heading away from Le Havre, headed in the direction of Cherbourg. The enemy vessels were quickly identified as being the French 36-gun frigate Confiante, the 20-gun ship-corvette Vesuve and a cutter. The enemy vessels approached the British force until they realised who they were, then headed off under all sail, back towards Le Havre. The three British vessels immediately set off after them in chase. HMS Hydra, well ahead and upwind of the other British vessels followed the enemy closely and on getting near the shore, the Confiante and Vesuve tacked and the Vesuve opened fire on HMS Hydra, which was returned in kind. By 06:00, HMS Hydra was passing between the two French vessels and the Confiante opened fire, which was ineffective. HMS Hydra fired at the Vesuve and her fire was so effective that the enemy corvette crowded on all sail and headed towards the shore. At 06:30, Captain Laforey decided to leave the corvette to HMS Vesuvius and HMS Trial and headed after the Confiante, which by now had changed course and was fleeing towards Le Havre. Quickly catching up with the French frigate, HMS Hydra opened fire and the two ships had a running fight until about 07:15, when the Confiante ran aground on a sandbank off the village of Beuzeval. Captain Laforey then ordered that his ship's sails be laid aback (back-to-front, stopping the ship) and continued to bombard the enemy frigate from a range of about 100 yards. After the enemy's mizzen topmast was shot away, the falling tide forced HMS Hydra to draw further away. By this time HMS Vesuvius and HMS Trial had forced the Vesuve to run ashore, so Captain Laforey ordered them to close with his position. He ordered HMS Trial to close with the enemy frigate. By the time HMS Trial reached their position, the Confiante's crew had hauled her further ashore and troops had assembled on the beach to try to protect the French frigate. After receiving the report from Lieutenant Henry Garret, Lieutenant-in-command in HMS Trial, Captain Laforey decided on a boat attack. At 10:00 on the 31st of May, on seeing that most of the Confiante's crew had abandoned her, Captain Laforey decided to launch the attack, to be commanded by Lieutenants George Acklom and William J Simonds with Marine Lieutenant Blanch with orders to haul down the enemy's colours and burn the ship. Under the cover of the guns of HMS Trial, the raiding party boarded the Confiante at 12:45 and by 13:30, the French frigate was on fire and by the time the boats returned to HMS Hydra at 14:30 she was completely destroyed. In the whole action, the British suffered no casualties at all and in her fight against the Confiante, HMS Hydra sustained some slight damage to her main mast and rigging. On boarding the Confiante, the British could only ascertain that the French had suffered severe casualties from the amount of blood and body parts strewn over her decks. When they abandoned ship, the French had taken their dead and wounded with them. In the meantime, while the British were occupied with the destruction of the Confiante, the crew of the Vesuve managed to get their ship to the small port of Salanelle, near Le Havre, where they joined the gunboats previously employed in the attempt to seize the St. Marcouf Islands.
On the 1st of June, the squadron was joined by HMS Diamond under Captain Sir Richard Strachan and given the extra guns and men now available to protect the Vesuve from further British attack, Captain Strachan as the senior officer present decided that nothing more could be done and the British departed.
In this painting by Thomas Whitcombe, HMS Hydra, with her sails aback, pummels the grounded Confiante.
On the 1st of January 1799, Captain Laforey received orders for the West Indies and on the 3rd, the ship sailed with the West India convoy in company with HMS Penelope (18pdr, 36) and the 32pdr carronade-armed ship-sloop HMS Echo of 18 guns. HMS Hydra remained in the West Indies until the 11th of November 1800, when the packet vessel Lady Hobart arrived at Martinique where HMS Hydra was laying with orders for the ship to escort the West India convoy to the Downs, off Deal. On the 16th of November, the convoy was struck by a storm and the merchantman Traveller foundered, with her master Mr William Davis and her crew being rescued by HMS Hydra. On the 16th of January 1801, the ship and convoy arrived off Deal and on the 21st, the ship departed the Downs bound for Sheerness, where she arrived on the 23rd. In April, while the ship was laying at the Nore, Captain Laforey was appointed to command HMS Powerful (74). Captain Sir Francis Laforey later became famous as a result of his command of the ex-French HMS Spartiate (74) at the Battle of Trafalgar, after which he was the flag-bearer at Nelson's funeral. He was promoted to Rear-Admiral in 1810 and became Commander-in-Chief in the West Indies in 1811. He retired to Brighton at the end of the Napoleonic War in 1814 where he lived until his death in 1835, by which time he had attained the rank of Admiral. He never married and had no heirs, so his baronetcy became extinct upon his death.
Captain Sir Francis Laforey was replaced in command of HMS Hydra by Captain the Honourable Charles Paget. Captain Paget was the eighth of twelve children and fifth son of Henry Bayly Paget, the 1st Earl of Uxbridge whose influence assisted his rapid promotion up the officer ranks of the Royal Navy. He passed his examination for Lieutenant on the 12th of December 1796 aged 18 and within six months had been appointed as Master and Commander in the 6pdr-armed 16-gun ship-sloop HMS Martin and had participated in the Battle of Camperdown where his ship had served to repeat signals. He was still aged only 23 when he was appointed in command of HMS Hydra.
The Honourable Charles Paget, portrait by Sir Thomas Lawrence:
On the 20th of May 1801, HMS Hydra departed from off Sheerness bound for Weymouth, where she was to take up the role of Guardship, attending King George III who spent his summers in the town with the Royal Family. The ship returned to Spithead on the 20th of August and on the 26th, departed with a convoy bound to Lisbon, Minorca, Malta and Egypt in company with HMS Solebay (12pdr, 32), HMS Triumph (74) and the ex-French en-flute storeship HMS Prevoyante. HMS Hydra was to remain at Lison and was there when the French Revolutionary War was ended by the Treaty of Amiens, signed on the 25th of March 1802. HMS Hydra returned to Spithead on the 4th of October 1802 and was paid off on the 8th.
With the ship being paid off at the end of the war and with the Impressment Service being stood down, her comissioned and warrant officers were sent to other appointments or laid off on half pay, her seamen and petty officers were free to go, but the Standing Officers, their servants and ten of her Able Seamen (who were chosen from amongst volunteers) stayed aboard.
Captain Paget was laid off on half pay, but on the outbreak of the Napoleonic War in May of 1803, was appointed to command the 24pdr-armed Heavy Frigate HMS Endymion of 40 guns. Eventually promoted to Rear-Admiral on the 9th of April 1823, he was appointed as Commander-in-Chief on the Cork Station in March of 1828. Promoted to Vice-Admiral on the 10th of January 1837 and appointed as Commander-in-Chief in North America and the West Indies, he died of Yellow Fever on the 27th of January 1839 off Bermuda. He is buried in St Bartholomews Church in Rogate, West Sussex.
See here for the story of HMS Triumph:
In the meantime, HMS Hydra remained off Spithead and amidst deteriorating relations with France, was recommissioned on the 14th of November 1802 having never been fitted for the Ordinary at Portsmouth. Her new commander was Captain George Mundy and was a son of Edward Miller Mundy, the High Sheriff and Tory MP for Derbyshire. Captain Mundy had passed his examination for Lieutenant on the 11th of March 1796 and had been appointed Master and Commander in the ex-French HMS Transfer in March of 1799. That vessel had formerly been the French polacca-rigged privateer Les Quatre Freres and had been renamed on being taken into the Royal Navy. Posted, or promoted to Captain on the 10th of February 1801, by coincidence, his first rated command had also been HMS Carysfort, the same ship as Captain Laforey. He was a graduate of the Royal Naval Academy. Captain Mundy's first task was to recruit a new crew, which was made more difficult as unlike Captain Laforey before him, he didn't have the Impressment Service to find men for him as Press Warrants hadn't yet been issued by the Admiralty. With the declaration of war on the 18th of May 1803, if Captain Mundy hadn't completed manning his ship, his task was made easier by the issue of Press Warrants and the reactivation of the Portsmouth Impressment Service.
Remaining in the Channel Fleet, on the 25th of June 1803, HMS Hydra captured the French privateer Phoebe of four guns, two swivels and 33 men off Cherbourg in company with the hired armed cutter Rose. On the 21st of July in company with the ex-French HMS Immortalite (18pdr, 40), the 18pdr carronade-armed gun brig HMS Bloodhound of 12 guns and the bomb-vessel HMS Sulphur, HMS Hydra closed with Le Havre and with HMS Bloodhound, bombarded gun-boats in the harbour while HMS Sulphur lobbed shells into the town. The squadron also took the Danish ship De Lebre, loaded with wine from Le Havre. On the 1st of August, a French armed lugger, the Favori of four guns was prevented from entering the port by HMS Hydra and anchored close to the beach two miles to the west of the river Touque. Captain Mundy ordered a boat attack to be commanded by Lieutenant Francis McMahon Tracy, assisted by Midshipmen John Barclay and George French. This trio were under orders to bring off or destroy the French vessel. On seeing the British boats drawing near, the crew of the Favori abandoned their vessel and with a party of soldiers, took up positions in the sand dunes near their vessel and kept up an incessant musket fire on the British, which was returned in kind by the British party's contingent of Marines. Lieutenant Tracy and his men succeeded in bringing off the Favori with the loss of one man killed.
On the 23rd of January 1804, HMS Hydra arrived off Spithead to make repairs after losing her main yard in a storm off Cherbourg. Repairs complete, the ship left Spithead two days later in company with HMS Orpheus (12pr, 32). At about noon on the 31st, the two British frigates sighted a straggling French convoy close to the shore and separated and captured two brigs and a lugger from it. In early June 1804, HMS Hydra, in company with HMS Tribune (18pdr, 36), the ex-French HMS Decade (12pdr, 36) and the bomb-vessel HMS Prospero drove a 35-strong force of French gunboats under the guns of the shore batteries on Cape Barfleur but were unable to press home their attack due to the heavy fire from the shore batteries. On the 9th of June, HMS Hydra arrived back at Spithead and on the 16th, went into the Royal Dockyard at Portsmouth to repair the damage sustained during the attack on the French gunboats. Repairs complete, on the 4th of August, the ship returned to the anchorage off Spithead to await a convoy bound to the Mediterranean. It was to be the 25th of August before the convoy was ready to depart and the ship sailed to the Mediterranean to join the fleet under Vice-Admiral Sir Horatio, the Lord Nelson. The ship remained in the Mediterranean while Nelson took the fleet to the West Indies in pursuit of the French Toulon Fleet. She rejoined Nelson's fleet on their return off Cadiz, where the combined Franco-Spanish fleet had fled after their defeat by a detachment of the Channel Fleet under Rear-Admiral Sir Robert Calder in the Third Battle of Cape Finisterre.
By the end of September 1805, the fleet off Cadiz commanded by Nelson comprised 27 ships of the line. Nelson hoped to tempt the enemy to put to sea and he did this by stationing HMS Hydra and HMS Euryalus (18pdr, 36) close inshore, supported by a squadron of ships of the line under Rear-Admiral Thomas Louis, flying his command flag in the ex-French HMS Canopus (80). Also in Louis' squadron were HMS Queen (98), HMS Spencer, HMS Zealous, and the ex-French HMS Tigre (all of 74 guns). The two frigates were placed under the overall command of Captain George Duff of HMS Mars (74). The rest of Nelson's fleet were kept about 15 miles offshore. By 2nd October, the enemy still hadn't taken the bait, so Nelson reduced the inshore force further by ordering Rear-Admiral Louis' squadron to go to Gibraltar to take on provisions, leaving Captain Duff's force without heavy support. Later the same day, Rear-Admiral Louis' force fell in with a Swedish merchant ship, out of Cadiz bound for Alicante. The Swedish master informed him that the Combined Fleet intended to sail on the first easterly wind, so he returned to Nelson's fleet on 3rd October with the news. Nelson felt this was a ruse, intended to draw his fleet closer to Cadiz, so the enemy could gain intelligence as to his strength and ordered Rear-Admiral Louis to proceed to Gibraltar as ordered. On two occasions on the 4th October, Captain Duff's force was attacked by Spanish gunboats out of Cadiz, but drove off both attacks without damage or casualties.
See here for the stories of HMS Queen:
and HMS Mars:
With the port of Cadiz under a close British blockade, the enemy were finding it difficult to keep their fleet resupplied, so the Emperor Napoleon had ordered that shipments bound for the fleet be landed elsewhere and shipped overland to Cadiz. HMS Hydra was one of a number of frigates sent to intercept these shipments before they could be landed, so she missed the Battle of Trafalgar. With the death of Nelson, command of the Mediterranean Fleet devolved to Vice-Admiral Sir Cuthbert Collingwood and he was aware that the enemy survivors of that battle were still holed up in Cadiz where they had fled afterwards. He was aware that despite the trauma of such a catastrophic defeat, the enemy fleet sheltering in Cadiz continued to pose a threat, so he and his fleet maintained a close blockade, for the time being at least.
In early February 1806, Lord Collingwood received news that four of the French frigates which had fled into Cadiz after the Battle of Trafalgar were ready for sea and that they intended to leave as soon as possible. Collingwood withdrew his ships to a distance of about 30 miles in the hope of enticing the French out, leaving HMS Hydra and the 32pdr carronade-armed, 18-gun brig-sloop HMS Moselle close inshore to keep an eye on the French. On the 23rd of February, a strong easterly gale blew up, which by the 26th, had blown the British ships to the west as far as Cape Santa Maria. The officer commanding the French frigate squadron at Cadiz was informed about this by telegraph and put to sea immediately. The French vessels, the frigates Rhin, Hermione, Hortense (all 18pdr, 40), Themis (12pdr, 40) with the brig-corvette Furet (8pdr, 18) were sighted by the pair of British vessels at 21:15 as they were about three miles to the west of the Cadiz lighthouse. Captain Mundy immediately ordered a chase, intending to steer a parallel course and follow them. At about 23:00, observing that the French were not altering their course, Captain Mundy ordered HMS Moselle to go and find the commander-in-chief and pass on the news that the French frigates, with a brig-corvette, were out. At 02:30 on the 27th, the French altered their course slightly to the westward, which brought them nearer to HMS Hydra's position. The Furet by this time, was beginning to fall behind the rest of the French force, so Captain Mundy decided to cut her off and take her. After a further chase lasting about two hours, HMS Hydra was in aposition to engage the Furet, which fired a single broadside at the vastly more powerful British frigate and hauled down her colours in surrender. The four frigates continued on their way, leaving the Furet and her crew to their fate.
The French brig-corvette Furet (background) fires on HMS Hydra (foreground) before surrendering by George Chambers Sr:
Late in the evening on the 6th of August 1807, HMS Hydra chased a trio of armed polaccas, one ship-rigged, the other two brig-rigged into the harbour at Begur on the Catalonian coast. The following morning, HMS Hydra closed with the port to take a look and found that the vessels and the port were very well defended, laying in a narrow harbour with a tower and a battery to one side and rocks and bushes on the other. Nevertheless, Captain Mundy had enough faith in his officers and crew to order a boat attack to bring out the three Spanish vessels. At 12:50, HMS Hydra came to anchor at the harbour entrance and began a bombardment of the shore batery and the vessels, which was returned in kind. This continued for about an hour until the enemy's rate of fire began to slow, at which point Captain Mundy sent in the boats. The British attack force was under the command of the ship's Second Lieutenant, Mr Edward O'Brien Drury, assisted by Marine Lieutenants John Hayes and Edward Pengelly, Mr John Finlayson and the ship's Clerk, Mr Robert Henry Goddard who volunteered for the mission, with 50 seamen and Marines. The raiding party was under orders to attack the shore battery and drive the enemy from it. The Marines and seamen climbed the cliff below the battery and stormed it while coming under intense fire from musketry and langridge shot from the vessels moored in the harbour below. This enabled HMS Hydra to concentrate her fire on the vessels in the harbour. Mr Drury left Lieutenant Hayes in charge of the battery with the marines while he took the seamen and cleared the town, upon which the crews of the enemy vessels abandoned them, taking up positions amongst the rocks and bushes and opened fire with small-arms as they took possession of the vessels and warped them out of the harbour. On seeing that the enemy were continuing to harrass his men with musketry, Captain Munday sent the ships's Third Lieutenant Mr James Little with the rest of the ship's boats to assist. By 16:00, the operation was successfully completed with a loss to the British of one seaman killed and two wounded aboard HMS Hydra with Mr Goddard and three seamen wounded from amongst the raiding party. The ship herself suffered some slight damage to the hull and masts. The captured vessels were the ship-rigged polacca Prince Eugene of 16 guns and 130 men, the brig-rigged polacca Belle Caroline of 12 guns and 40 men, both out of Marseilles and the brig-rigged polacca Carmen de Rosario of four guns and 40 men. Mr Drury was recognised for his bravery and initiative in the raid and was appointed as a Master and Commander later in the year.
The Action at Begur by George Chambers Sr:
After the success at Begur, Captain Mundy received orders to take the ship back to the UK with a convoy and on arrival at Portsmouth, the ship had a short refit before returning to the Catalonian coast, where she was employed in assisting irregular Spanish forces resisting the French occupation of their country in the Peninsular War. She was to remain off Barcelona until 1810 when Captain Mundy was appointed to command the 18pdr-armed 38-gun frigate HMS Leonidas. The ship returned to Portsmouth where she was paid off into the Ordinary, to be manned by a skeleton crew as before.
See here for the story of HMS Leonidas:
Captain George Mundy was knighted in 1815, promoted to Rear-Admiral in 1830, Vice-Admiral in 1841 and Admiral in 1849. He died at his home in Grosvenor Street, London in 1861 at the age of 83.
HMS Hydra remained in the Portsmouth Ordinary until May of 1813, when she was taken into the Royal Dockyard and converted into a troopship. She continued in this role, carrying troops to fight in the war against the Americans and subsequently to and from the West Indies until she was laid up again at Portsmouth in 1817. She was sold to Mr Job Cockshot for £2,410 on the 13th of January 1820 and was broken up.
"I did not say that the French will not come, I said they will not come by sea" - Lord St Vincent
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Osprey Catching Alewife
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Kukla's Korner Hockey
Suspendable Malkin Hit?
by Paul on 03/21/09 at 09:22 AM ET
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via Empty Netters,
Malkin clearly went after the player's head. Additionally, there was less than 10 seconds left in the game. If that's a Flyer delivering a blow, the suspension is almost automatic. Malkin shouldn't be exempt because he's a star player. But the NHL has a game on NBC Sunday to worry about so don't expect Colin Campbell and company to take any action on this.
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2015 Lexus RC 350 and RC F First Drive
Specification sheets don't tell the whole story, and if there's a single brand that has illustrated this time and again, it's Lexus. Parent brand Toyota plainly got out of the sporty car business a decade ago, but some Lexuses have continued to look the part. Even more important, the elements you look for — like generous power, rear-wheel drive and double-wishbone suspensions — have often been present. Regardless, they haven't always translated to the emotional experience you expect, or at least desire, based on what you see in the specs. The new 2015 RC coupe, especially in RC F form, changes all of that in ways its predecessor, the IS-F sedan, failed to do.
Related: 2015 Lexus RC F at the 2014 Detroit Auto Show
The RC, a two-door four-seater, is intended to compete with the likes of Audi's A5 and BMW's 4 Series (that's the former 3 Series coupe). It comes in three versions: the RC 350, the RC 350 F Sport (the regular car with substantial performance tweaks) and the RC F (a full-blown competitor for the Audi RS5 and BMW M4). I tested all three versions in New York state and at the Monticello Motor Club, a private racetrack in Monticello, N.Y.
Engines include the venerable 3.5-liter V-6 producing 306 horsepower in the RC 350, and an updated version of the 5.0-liter V-8 from the IS-F, producing 467 hp in the new RC F. Both engines drive the rear wheels through an eight-speed automatic transmission, though the RC 350 also offers all-wheel drive that instead pairs with a six-speed automatic.
From the first mile or two I recognized the car is exceptionally rigid. Though Lexus says the RC's platform is exclusive to this new model, the company kindly discloses that it borrows architecture from the larger GS sedan, the compact IS sedan and also the IS C, the convertible version that characteristically has additional reinforcement.
The rigidity comes across in both a solid feel and the handling, which is excellent. On the street, the midlevel car, the RC 350 F Sport, has a sporty feel even in normal driving — something many Lexus cars have lacked. The V-6 provides stout acceleration, and the eight-speed makes the torque peak of 277 pounds-feet more effective than I expected at its relatively high 4,800 rpm. The car hits 60 mph in less than 6 seconds with rear-wheel drive and sounds mighty good in the process.
The F Sport treatment is essentially an option package that — among many other feature upgrades — adds an adaptive suspension system, the softest setting of which is considerably firmer than that of the base RC 350. (See the option details in our separate post on RC pricing.) Though the rear- and all-wheel-drive versions both offer F Sport, I drove an all-wheel-drive 350 without the package, and it definitely rode the most comfortably of the three cars, even though it was equipped with the optional 19-inch wheels. It did exhibit more body roll than the others, and having two fewer gears and more than 140 additional pounds, the all-wheel-drive version is the least quick as well. All the same, it felt reasonably sporty, due in part to the driveline's 30/70 front/rear torque bias, which retains the feel of rear-wheel drive.
In addition to suspension changes, the F Sport version is eligible for an optional steering upgrade in the form of Variable Gear Ratio Steering plus four-wheel steering. Available only with rear-wheel drive, this system adds both a few degrees of rear-wheel steering and true variability to the front wheels' steering ratio — meaning turning the steering wheel the same amount can actually result in greater or lesser steering angle depending on conditions and the driving mode.
For a car with all this steering trickery, it actually got around the track nicely. The ratio seemed right at different speeds, and the rear-wheel steering seemed to let the car turn a sharper corner. I'd need more time in the car to be sure, but the steering feel with the VGRS wasn't bad. BMW had a similar system years ago, and it proved terribly unpopular, mainly because it deadened steering feedback (at a time when the regular steering had better feedback than BMWs have now).
Among the RC's strongest suits are the brakes. From the RC 350 to the RC F, they all provide excellent linearity on both application and release and have good pedal feel. It's a relief, frankly, because many Toyota-branded models disappoint in this regard. The front brake rotor diameters increase from 13.15 inches to 14.06 inches in the F Sport to 14.96 inches in the RC F. The RC F also upgrades to six-piston front and four-piston rear calipers from four- and one-piston front and rear calipers, respectively, in the lower versions.
Though the V-6 impresses, the chassis clearly felt like it could handle more speed, especially on a track, and that's where the RC F comes in. The RC F does away with the steering trickery and, unfortunately, also the adaptive suspension. The suspension proves brilliantly executed — the car's reflexes sharp and the roadholding excellent — but a little adjustability would make for better daily drivability. (As important, the M4 does offer adaptive suspension.)
At a time when BMW has gone to a turbocharged six-cylinder in the M4, Lexus has recommitted to the V-8, which provides satisfying power and zero-to-60 mph times of about 4.4 seconds. Unfortunately you can't go by displacement and cylinder count anymore, and the M4 provides more torque at lower rpm than the RC F's 389 pounds-feet at 4,800 rpm. It's also 373 pounds lighter than the Lexus and can hit 60 mph in just under 4 seconds with the automatic.
On the upside, the RC F's V-8 provides more torque than the previous-generation M3's did, and it still manages to beat that car's mileage and match the new M4 in combined driving: The RC F gets an EPA-estimated 16/25/19 mpg city/highway/combined while the M4 gets 17/24/19 mpg.
The RC's eight-speed has some pros and cons. Lexus cites shift times that are admirably fast for a conventional torque-converter automatic rather than a dual-clutch automatic like Audi and BMW use. It does shift quickly from one gear to the next — when it shifts — but occasionally it hesitates too long before doing so when you jab the pedal in an automatic mode. (I noticed the all-wheel-drive car's six-speed kicked down to lower gears faster than the eight-speed does.)
The eight-speed is at its best during manual shifting and, surprisingly, on the track, especially in the RC F in its Sport S+ mode, in which it does an excellent job of picking the right gear going into and out of corners and continuously downshifts through the gears as you decelerate. I've come to view this capability as a necessity with an eight-speed automatic because — as I said in 2008 of the IS-F that hosted the first such automatic transmission in the market — having eight gears proves tedious when shifting manually.
All the cars have normal, efficient and sport modes, and the F Sport and RC F add a second sport mode. Unfortunately, the modes are among the RC's flaws. Modes are fine in general, but many drivers inevitably prefer, say, their suspension one way and their steering another, and the pre-configured modes might not support that. Contrast the M4 and RS5, which provide independent control over the various systems and/or a customizable mode the driver can configure to suit. The 2015 M4 even has two of these customizable programs, activated by buttons right on the steering wheel.
Lexus does it right with the Torque Vectoring Differential that's an option on the RC F. A single TVD button controls it alone, providing Standard, Slalom and Track modes that vary how the electronically controlled clutches distribute torque left and right. The system does a great job of tightening cornering, but I found the Slalom mode unsettled the car through Monticello's demanding corkscrew section. Track mode was much better. For what it's worth, the Torsen mechanical limited-slip differential (standard on the RC F) does an impressive job controlling the rear end in conjunction with the enhanced stability system, which Lexus calls Vehicle Dynamic Integrated Management.
Really, integration is the story of the Lexus RC: Each of these cars feels like a complete system in which all the elements are meticulously well-matched. This is where I believe Lexus has failed in the past, even in the IS-F, which had an unruly rear end and countermeasures too clumsy to control it. The RC makes you feel like a better driver, an attribute in which the BMW M3 (now M4) has historically beaten all comers. We'll have more on these cars, including their interiors and multimedia, in an upcoming full Cars.com review.
Cars.com photos by Joe Wiesenfelder


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Deirdre Molumby takes a look at Directory of World Cinema: Russia 2, a companion to the filmic legacy of one of the world's most storied countries.
With their far greater budgets, clever marketing strategies, and major advertising campaigns, Hollywood cinema often forces other world cinemas to take a back seat in terms of international reach and viewership. The Directory of World Cinema series reminds us of the great films that have been brought to us from outside of the Hollywood canon, and analyses films that are of cultural, national and historical significance both within the countries in which they are produced and on a globally influential scale. The tone of the books is academic but its layout and language are accessible for all readers.
The first book on Russia provided an analysis of directors – including Sergei Eisenstein, Andrei Tarkovskii, Nikita Mikhalkov, and Alexsandr Sokurov – and movie titles which most familiar with Eastern European cinema would be familiar with. Films that are listed among the greatest of all time, including Battleship Potemkin (1925), Man with a Movie Camera (1929) and Andrei Rublev (1938), Oscar-winning titles Moscow does not believe in Tears (1979), War and Peace (1967) and Burnt by the Sun (1995), and national treasures such as The Extraordinary Adventures of Mr West in the Land of the Bolsheviks (1924), The Irony of Fate (1975), and My friend Ivan Lapshin (1984), as well as more recent hits like Brother (1997), Brother 2 (2000), Night Watch (2004) and Day Watch (2005) are all included in this collection.
Directory of World Cinema: Russia 2 is one of the most recent outputs by the series. The reader may feel initially reproached with the material due to the unfamiliarity of the films it includes. Due to the nature of it being a follow-up to the first Russia book (and in what is almost a slightly ironic and self-reflexive move, the book actually includes a section on 'Sequels and Remakes'), Russia 2 explores titles less well-known to a western audience, although followers of Russian cinema should have heard of most of them. However, one should not be too discouraged as whether you have an interest in Russian history, culture, or in world cinema generally – be it the fresh, new stories offered or innovative industrial developments of interest – Russia 2 is a thoughtful and enjoyable read.
The book covers genres that would not be overly utilised by Russian cinema, including blockbusters, science fiction, and horror. Interestingly, the collection also explores genres that are relatively unique to Russia, including cold war spy films (which saw the state take an active role in production through censorship and propaganda), chernukha (a sort of neorealism, with bleak films that reflect on the political and social turmoil following the collapse of the Soviet system), and auteur animation. Similar to other books in the Directory series, Russia 2 includes an essay on its 'Film of the Year' (Rasskazy/Short Stories, and an interview with the director, Mikhail Segal, is also included), profiles of a number of famous Russian directors, and lastly, its analyses of Russian films, which are organised by genre and take up the majority of the book. An essay on the first Moscow international film festival is also included and provides a contemplative historical and political perspective on this particular aspect of the industry.
Within the director biographies, there is an underlying integrated story of the development of Russian theatre and the film industry (the latter owes much to the former, while the book also reflects the industry's strong roots in national literature, particularly that of Nickolai Gogol), adding great interest to what would otherwise be simple profiles. There are reflections on artistic and aesthetic developments from early cinema right up to the modern day. Regarding the Soviet epoch, the book reflects how in spite of the hindrance of censorship arising from Stalinism, there was also great creativity in the period. The socio-cultural reasons for the emergence or lack of popularity of genres are also explored within each section, for example, science fiction was until recently unpopular as 'to open up a discussion of what constituted the universal mission of humankind could easily be considered sacrilegious from a dogmatic point of view', while horror has been read as exhibiting 'a brutal, traumatic history through a graphically realistic depiction of violence and vicious destruction of human life.' The descriptions of each film are engaging and show that there are imaginative and unique stories to be found in Russian cinema (with the animated and horror selections providing particularly innovative narratives). The section on 'chernukha' films is another stand-out, as it reflects how cinema can allow for a mirror to be held up to reality, whereby directors can present the truth even in defiance of state power.
Each movie description includes production credits, a synopsis and a critique which provides further contexts to the film and food for thought. The contributions come from mostly scholars, professors and lecturers. The more praising reviews, for example, for Tarkovskii's Solaris (1972), entice the reader to find and view the film post-haste, although unfortunately, one sad fact that is left out of the book is that many of the more unusual titles are extremely difficult to find with English subtitles. The book's inclusion of television series, though also an interesting read, gives the impression that the material needed to make a second book on Russian cinema requires a degree of leniency.
The reader will find themselves alternatively bewildered, laughing, and touched by the narratives of films about Russia and its people. At the same time, Russia 2 calls for concern regarding the 'Hollywoodization' of domestic cinema, for example, with the recent increase of blockbusters being produced and with local director Timur Bekmambetov recently leaving to make films such as Wanted (2008) and Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter (2012) (which are also included in the collection, though it is debatable how 'Russian' these films are) in the US. If this means the loss of innovative themes and moving stories, as can be found in this book, in favour of popcorn entertainment, it is cause for concern indeed. At the same time, the popularity of Russian cinema within its own country demands celebration as it hardily competes with American features. Perhaps we could learn a thing or two about supporting our own film industry.
- Paperback: 320 pages
- Publisher: Intellect (5 Jun. 2015)
- Language: English
- Product Dimensions: 17.8 x 2 x 25.4 cm


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Troops need not shoot in Afghanistan
One major paradox of counterinsurgency warfare is that, to protect yourself, sometimes you must choose not to shoot.
This essential truth — codified in the U.S. military's 2006 counterinsurgency manual and confirmed by the annals of history — is that you create new enemies faster than you eliminate existing ones when you unintentionally kill innocents.
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Army Gen. David Petraeus understands it. He and Marine Gen. James Amos wrote the counterinsurgency guide that emphasizes this key point. And Petraeus put it into effect in Iraq.
Army Gen. Stanley McChrystal understands it, too.
He has directed his troops in Afghanistan not to request airpower support — except when under direct attack or when targets can be clearly identified as enemy combatants.
But the U.S. military acquisition system continues to overlook this basic reality. Especially in regard to one key capability that could make a world of difference in Afghanistan today: nonlethal weaponry.
In recent days, NATO troops have again been accused of using lethal firepower to incapacitate a vehicle that ignored their signals to stop. It was, however, allegedly carrying only innocent civilians, not combatants.
The truth behind this incident is still unclear. But NATO investigators have found few, if any, vehicles rigged with explosives among those shot at and rendered immobile by coalition forces over the past year.
In other words, we usually fire on vehicles that do not pose any real threat to our forces or to Afghan civilians.
Soldiers might be better off first shooting out the tires or the engine block. But given how limited time is once an approaching vehicle starts to look dangerous, the driver behind the windshield usually offers an easier target.
Based on the movement of vehicles, as well as the jittery fingers of soldiers in danger and the properties of automatic weapons, other people in the vehicle are often shot as well.
This is not to criticize troops who do the shooting. In most cases, they undoubtedly feel in mortal peril from vehicles that, in fact, have ignored warnings. These vehicles could well harbor people with malevolent intentions.
That NATO soldier on patrol is probably already jumpy because of the threat of unseen, yet lethal, roadside bombs. Far be it from a civilian, sitting in a comfortable Washington office, to criticize a soldier for making split-second decisions to use force when seeing what looks like an acute threat.
But if that soldier has only lethal options, it is natural that the soldier will use them. Sometimes, it might well be a soldier's tactical mistake, but, more often, it is a natural and reasonable human reaction to being in danger.
Commanders like Petraeus, McChrystal and Army Gen. Raymond Odierno, in Iraq, have coached their troops on withholding fire in many situations — as they should. But it is not realistic to expect this to apply in every situation.
We owe our troops better choices.


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Will Women Save America From Donald Trump?
Super Tuesday, the biggest primary voting day on the calendar was this week, and the results have pretty much decided who the Democratic and Republican nominees for president will be: Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump. However, most of the others received enough encouraging signs to make them stay in the race.
On the Democratic side, Bernie Sanders won four of the eleven states, all of them by significant margins:
Despite winning only seven of the eleven states up for grabs on the Democratic side, Clinton remains their most likely nominee. It's hard to see how Sanders could win from here. There has been much comparison between his and Clinton's negatives with the assumption that Sanders doesn't really have any, but I think that analysis is flawed. Nobody has really exposed the negatives of Sanders yet, and they haven't bothered because he was always unlikely to be the nominee. Clinton, on the other hand, has been brutalized by the right since long before she even started running. There is some valid ammunition there, but she's held up in the face of it better than might have been expected.
On the Republican side, Trump won seven states, Ted Cruz won three, and Marco Rubio won one:
Kasich came a close second in Vermont and second equal with Rubio in Massachusetts. He is also likely to win his home state of Ohio when that comes up. As I've said before, he's the only remaining Republican candidate capable of actually being president. However, that's not a quality most Republicans are looking for this year. They will nominate Trump in opposition to the more reasonable voices in their party, continuing to believe he will do what previous nominees have promised to do.
(There's an excellent article in Vox which reader Scott Draper brought to people's attention in another forum about why voters are supporting Trump: 'The Rise of American Authoritarianism'. It naturally supports an elitist leftist position, but there is a lot of useful analysis in it that should not be ignored because of the source. There's a lot of good analysis done by Vox in my opinion.)
The only candidate who received no encouragement from Super Tuesday was Ben Carson, and it's time for him to admit it. Of the five remaining candidates, he came fourth or fifth in every race and (barely) made it out of single digits in only two of them. It's hard to know where his voters would go though. The three main reasons people support Carson are his outsider status, his strong religious conservatism, and the decency with which he's run his campaign. Those things are not embodied in totality any one of the other four candidates. Trump is the only remaining true outsider, Cruz has the greatest claim to be the most conservative (though Rubio isn't far behind), and Kasich is the only one who retains any dignity.
From the start, unlike most commentators, I believed Trump would stay in the race a while and do reasonably well. However, I was also sure he wouldn't be nominated and it's now all but certain I was wrong about that. Many are worried that he could win the presidency, and the fact most of us thought he wouldn't be nominated means we think we could be wrong about that too. However, I think there is far more reason for hope when it comes to the general election. Having said that, I don't think Trump should be considered an easy-beat.
Assuming a Trump/Clinton race for the presidency, we can further assume both candidates will have a base of about 40% of the vote. The competition, as always, will be for that middle 20%. Trump has assured his detractors in the Republican party that his demeanor will change in the general election, but I'm sceptical of that. Firstly, even if he refrains from attacking anyone else, he will attack Clinton. That's to be expected when it comes to policy, but he'll get personal too. That's more problematic than usual because Clinton is a woman. Trump already has a problem with women, even amongst his core voters. Just look at the gender imbalance of his voters in the Super Tuesday states:
The difference between the male and female vote for Trump is up to 16 points. I don't expect that many Republican-voting women to switch their support to Clinton; I do expect a number will choose not to vote at all because they can't bear to vote for their party's nominee. It's clear Trump's history insulting and patronizing women and judging them on their physical appearance has made its mark. His comments are not the sort of thing women will forget either. (For a start, they'll be constantly reminded via political attack ads.) When it comes to that 20% of the electorate Trump and Clinton are both fighting for the women in that group, especially the single ones, are even less likely than Republican women to forgive Trump's comments. I suspect that they'll fall at least 60/40 for Clinton. Further, that middle 20% usually has a higher percentage of women than men in it, and women are more reliable at turning out to vote than men. What this means is that the middle 20% are far more likely to vote for Clinton than Trump. So even if the Democratic turnout is lower than the Republican one, which looks likely, there is a bit of a cushion there for Clinton.
This graph from Wikipedia shows the male vs female turnout in the 2008 election:
Both Clinton and Trump have very high unfavourable ratings, but Trump's are higher than Clinton's. In fact, Trump's are the highest of any candidate ever since Gallup started asking the question in 2003. Frank Newport of Gallup on Trump's 60% unfavourable rating amongst all USians said:
I wanted to see how Trump's unfavorable played out in the context of previous elections, so I went back to look at the unfavorable ratings of the major-party candidates from 1992 through the current election. The bottom line is that Trump now has a higher unfavorable rating than any candidate at any time during all of these previous election cycles, and that conclusion takes into account the fact that unfavorable ratings tend to rise in the heat of a general election campaign as the barbs, negative ads and heightened partisanship are taken to their highest levels.
There will be plenty of voters not wanting to support either candidate, but more will stay away from the polls because of Trump than because of Clinton. Therefore, Clinton wins there too.
As this century has progressed, the demographics of the United States in relation to race has changed significantly. It is now impossible, for example, for a presidential candidate to win the election unless they get at least 30% of the Hispanic vote. George W Bush managed it in 2004, but no Republican has done it since. With the insults Trump has thrown against Mexicans in particular, his promise to deport all illegal immigrants, and multiple other other examples of anti-Hispanic racism, it's unlikely Trump could get more than 15%-20% of the Hispanic vote, no matter how many times he says, "The Mexican people love me."
The story is similar for other minorities – there is hardly a single one he hasn't insulted in some way. While the people at his rallies celebrate him for "telling it like it is, " everyone who isn't white-skinned or Christian is nervous about becoming the target of his wrath. All ethnic and religious minorities (including atheists) are more likely to vote for Clinton than Trump. Those demographics have traditionally supported the Democratic Party in recent years, and that looks likely to continue.
There is another demographic that must be looked at where the predictions are much more difficult. Trump's supporters are more likely than the average voter to have no more than a high school education. The lower a person's educational attainment, the less likely they are to vote, as can be seen from this graph of 2008 presidential election voters from Wikipedia:
However, Trump appears to have energized those voters, so he may be getting people to the polls that don't usually vote. At the same time, the antipathy voters with a higher education generally feel towards him may prevent them from voting, cancelling out the effect. There will be polls closer to the election that can assess the effect on Republican voters of having Trump for their nominee – it will be interesting to see what the result it.
I think there's a strong possibility that a Trump candidacy will deal a crippling blow to a party that's already struggling to adapt to the changing face of America. However, if Clinton is indicted as a result of the current FBI/Department of Justice investigation, she'll do major damage to the Democratic party. That could derail all predictions in relation to Trump.
Where we're sitting right now, Trump is looking pretty scary. But in reality, it's just a third of Republican primary voters who are supporting him. Democrats should by no means take him lightly, but the odds are on their side largely because of women voters. Turn out will be key though. At the moment, the Republican electorate is much more energized than the Democratic one. If they want to stop Trump taking the White House they must get their supporters to the polls.
The rest of the world is horrified by the thought that the most powerful politician in the world could be a reality TV host. Seriously America, what the f**k are you thinking?
17 Responses to "Will Women Save America From Donald Trump?"
I am afraid to uncross my fingers!
I know what you mean. It's too horrible to even imagine him winning. I just hope I'm not in denial and finding reasons why he won't win because of that!
Comedian John Oliver recently tore Trump to shreds. On U-Tube.
Pretty much agree, Heather, particularly that nothing is certain. I don't think it's over for Bernie yet, given most of his strong states come after most of Hillary's strong states, but she is still the favourite. And that's my real worry as no one maximises the Donald's chances more than Hillary. Let's hope those women understand how much we're counting on them!
Excellent analysis Heather. I love your clear use of graphs and charts. Trumps nomination would seem to be a gift to the Democrats, but then I never dreamed he would be so dominant in the primaries. So we must not be overconfident.
The Vox article by Amanda Taub was also very insightful. She makes a good case for authoritarianism being at the heart of the Trump phenomenon and that authoritarianism, even in no-authoritarian people, can be triggered by fear.
Fearmongering has become the staple of the Republican party. Richard Hofstadter, in his classic article "the Paranoid Style in American Politics", described the role of unjustified fear, or "paranoia" in the selection of Barry Goldwater as the Republican nominee in 1964. George W. Bush used the fear generated by the 9/11 attacks to justify his disastrous invasions. Not just Trump, but all of the Republican nominees, portray America as sitting on the edge of a precipice, vulnerable to destruction if ISIS is not destroyed, Latinos and Muslims are not barred from entry, if gay marriage and abortion are not stopped, if government spending (except on "defense") is not drastically reduced, if Obama is allowed to confiscate your guns, if government is allowed to infringe on religious liberty by requiring religious organizations to abide by the law.
In fact all of these fears are unfounded. No Muslim entity has anything near the military power to threaten the US. Terrorist killings by Muslims are far less than those by right wing Americans. Net illegal immigration has been zero or negative since Obama took office.
Republicans have sown the wind and reaped the whirlwind. They have spread fear, invoked paranoia, and found themselves outdone by a master of paranoid fearmongering. Here is an good article on the effects of Trump's (and others") anti-Muslim fearmongering in the US. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trumps-anti-muslim-rhetoric-plays-well-with-fans-but-horrifies-others/2016/02/29/477f73dc-de37-11e5-846c-10191d1fc4ec_story.html
Sam Harris, and others who engage in anti-Islamic rhetoric must be aware of how such apocalyptic terms as "sleepwalking towards Armageddon" lends credence to the Trump bombast, just as Christopher Hitchens' flamboyant statements lent credence to Bush's Iraq invasion. Harris claims that he is working with people like Majiid Nawaz to reform Islam, but he surely knows that his criticism will have as much influence on Muslims as Mitt Romney's denunciation of Trump will have on Trump supporters. In both cases, the speakers represent everything their intended audience reviles. It is with paranoid Americans, not with Muslims, that Harris' words resonate.
One small quibble with your essay, Heather. Since Hillary Clinton has been expressly declared not to be a target of an FBI criminal investigation over her emails, talk of an indictment is unwarranted speculation.
Yeah, it is a very old meme, at least as far back as Hofstadter through Lakoff and thousands of lazy hidebound imitators: Leftist pseudo-intellectuals who know nobody who thinks differently, and who therefore pathologize contrary viewpoints as the product of mental defect or disorder or ignorance or malice or prejudice. Talk about paranoid othering.
Who declared that Clinton not a target? The FBI says it's "working on matters related to former Secretary Clinton's use of a private email server," but will not publicly disclose "the specific focus, scope or potential targets of any such proceedings."
It defies common sense that the principal at whose direction and for whose sole benefit the illegal scheme was carried out would not be a target, but presumably no one outside the investigation knows one way or the other.
Sorry, I was actually referring to Donald Drumpf.
When Melania moves in and starts redecorating the White House next January, she will become the first immigrant to live there since 1825.
No longer believe "they'd cancel the convention before they'd nominate him"?
Just an ironic historical footnote.


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Those suffering from severe allergies in a New Jersey town can rest a bit easier.
The Fairfield, N.J., police department recently announced they will begin carrying Epi-Pens in their police vehicles. The devices are used to treat severe, life-threatening allergic reactions.
The Fairfield police department is one of only six departments in New Jersey so far that carry the pens, according to a statement.
"In Fairfield, we constantly strive to find ways to better serve the public and with the introduction of the Epi-Pens in our police vehicles, we have done just that," Fairfield Police Chief Charles Voelker said in a statement. "When seconds count, having Epi-Pens immediately available to our officers will invariably save lives."
Why is this such a big deal? The answer's easy – it could save someone's life. Those who suffer from severe allergies, such as food allergies to peanut or milk, can experience life-threatening reactions when exposed to allergenic proteins.
When an allergic person comes into contact with the allergenic protein, their body releases certain chemicals which can cause swelling in the nose and throat, among other symptoms. Severe swelling of the nose and throat is called anaphylaxis and can be fatal if not treated quickly.
Enter the Epi-Pens, which contain epinephrine (a.k.a. adrenaline). When a person who is having a severe reaction is injected with the pen, the epinephrine relaxes muscles along the airway while constricting blood vessels.
The Fairfield officers also underwent training to ensure the devices were used correctly.
The move comes at a time when allergies, especially food allergies, are at the forefront of food safety. Contamination of nonallergenic foods with allergenic protein, such as peanut or eggs, now is considered an adulterant under the Food Safety Modernization Act of 2011 (FSMA). If a food product that shouldn't have an allergenic ingredient contains proteins from the allergen, those proteins make the product potentially dangerous for human consumption.
The Food Allergy & Anaphylaxis Network (FAAN) also is working on a bill that would encourage states to create laws that ensure epinephrine is available in schools to treat anaphylactic reactions.
About 15 million people in the U.S. alone suffer from food allergies. That's approximately 4 percent of U.S. adults and about 8 percent of U.S. children, according to FAAN.
And it's a growing concern – in the decade between 1997 and 2007, there was an 18 percent increase in food allergies, according to FAAN.
And that's only food allergies. An estimated 1 in 5 Americans suffers from some form of allergies or asthma – that's about 60 million people, according to the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America.
To read the full story, click here.
To check out Neogen's Food Allergen Handbook, click here.
To see other allergen-related blog posts, click here.