text:
Which Came First – The Hookers Or The Johns??? Economics Through The Lens Of Prostitution!!!
This question is easier to answer than the famous Chicken and Egg problem first described by Aristotle. Framing the question in terms of Prostitution gets rid of all the messy micro-biological and evolutionary distractions related to chicken embryology.
Whither, the world's oldest profession??? Is this a Trick Question??? Where do we apply the Stimulus??? Both parties are necessary. Remove either party from the equation and there is no Prostitution. Remove the Hooker, and there is no supply. Remove the Johns, and there is no demand. But in these days of Tight Resource Allocation, we must carefully select the best way to channel our efforts.
Republicans and Libertarians, with their love of Supply Side Economics, would argue that Hookers stimulate demand, and that If you supply it, they will come. Simply free up the producers to produce, and the demand will be there. And not just be there, but be there pulsing, throbbing, and waiting for that supply to just EXPLODE.
This is turn leads to all the catering to the moneyed classes. It isn't simply a vote-buying kind of Careless Love, like the Democrats do on the Down-Low. No. This is the deep "I will name him George, and I will hug him and pet him and squeeze him… " kind of Love. No trade barriers, no regulations, just on laisse faire la nature ("let nature run its course" – Boisguillebert.)
Progressives, however, think that demand is the driving force. And that demand requires the financial wherewithal to pay for that which is demanded. This is why Progressive agendas focus on infrastructure expenditures, deficit spending, bringing jobs back to America, and making sure American jobs pay a decent and livable wage. Without demand, from the bottom up, Hookers aren't even able to have a "Going Out Of Business Sale!!!" (And, OH I am sooo resisting the temptation to wonder at the possible advertisements and television commercials , such as— "Prices so low, we should have our head examined!!!" )
All in all, the Progressive argument seems more persuasive. Because the underlying demand for satisfaction can be slaked in many ways. Some, for FREE! For example, Marriage, One Night Stands, Cold Showers, Friends With Benefits Arrangements, Prayer, Third Rate Romance, Low Rent Rendevouz, or Alimony, can all serve to allay Lust. And, what I call the "Onan the Librarian" approach. (A Dirty Book, a Jug of Lotion(Male), [or a Loaf of a Ithyphallos (Female)] and WOW!)
To go beyond those options, and to pay for it, is a move up to or beyond Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. In fact, Prostitution directly conflicts with the 3rd and 4th level Needs of Love, Affection and Belongingness and Needs for Esteem, respectively.
Of course, one can not examine this issue without considering PRICE.Fortunately, this Girl Reporter can rely on the work of others. From the TuftsObserver, Muddy Drawers: Sexonomic, citing Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner's book Superfreakonomics:
Superfreakonomics concentrates on the sex trade in the modern United States, more specifically on what the authors dub the "declining salary of prostitutes." According to the authors, even the lowest-rent prostitutes in the 1910s made what amounts to $25,000 a year in today's dollars, and women working at the most expensive brothels made over $430,000. Much has changed over the past century, and the average wage of prostitutes today "pales in comparison to the one enjoyed by even the low-rent prostitutes from a hundred years ago." The book tells the story of a low-rent prostitute today, "LaSheena," who makes about $350 a week working the streets in Chicago. This, according to the authors, is typical pay for prostitutes in America today.
Why the sharp decrease in salaries of prostitutes? Levitt, a professor of economics at the University of Chicago, attributes this steep decline to a fall in demand. So why has the demand for prostitutes fallen? Are men today less horny than they were a hundred years ago? Probably not. Instead, Levitt attributes this decrease to something else: competition. It is no secret that sexual norms have evolved substantially, especially in the last couple of decades. The Women's Liberation movement of the 1960s and the proliferation of contraceptive methods during the 1970s (especially the condom and the birth control pill) led to the "sexual revolution" of the United States. The sexual revolution was a period of loosening sexual norms and increasing sexual liberation. What does all of this have to do with prostitutes? When there are less stringent social norms, women are more likely to have sex before marriage. And when more women are having sex before marriage, men are less likely to seek out prostitutes. As Levitt puts it: "Who poses the greatest competition to a prostitute? Simple: any woman who is willing to have sex for free."
So, Demand wins. Of course, I remember what my Mother told me very early on, "Men won't buy a cow if they can get the milk for free. " What she forgot to tell me was, "No matter how large the Supply of Cows."
Squeeky Fromm
Girl Reporter


text:
A shot from a recent shoot.
Such sweetie pies.
All the kids were bathed and fed when I got home from my shoot this evening.
I need to be cleaning out my closets.
And preparing Luke's lunch for tomorrow.
I'll get to that.
Right now, I have a date with my computer.
Rob is taking the train to a more religiously fundamentalist area of Bangladesh tomorrow.
Sounds scary.
I'll be so happy to have this trip behind us.
Goodnight all ~

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Hawes & Curtis
Hawes & Curtis was founded in 1913 in Jermyn Street and is a heritage British brand offering menswear and womenswear collections.
Find a selection of our clients below:
Hawes & Curtis was founded in 1913 in Jermyn Street and is a heritage British brand offering menswear and womenswear collections.
Scotland's leading outdoor specialist retailer for outdoor clothing, camping equipment, cycling & climbing gear
The leading trainer and sports fashion retailer in the UK. With many limited edition and exclusive designs
Scottish tweed jacket, suit, knitwear, and tailoring specialists
The footwear company was established in 1857 and currently has stores throughout the UK
Providing superb quality and an excellent shopping experience for both parents and their children
Marks and Spencer is a British multinational retailer, specialising in the selling of clothing, home products and luxury food products.
Shaws is a department store business operating in 15 locations nationwide.
Fat Face is a lifestyle clothing and accessories retailer, based in the UK.
Missguided is a UK-based multi-channel retailer aimed at delivering fast fashion to 16-35 year old females.
Fashion brand and retail chain that was established in London by Moroccan entrepreneur Joseph Ettedgui and his family in 1972.
The world's leading swimwear brand. Founded in 1914.
ANTA is the world's 4th largest sportswear brand and the official sponsor of the Chinese Olympic Committee until 2016.
Charles & Keith offers the latest fashion-forward ladies footwear and accessories for the chic and stylish.
The Face Shop is a South Korea-based skincare and cosmetics manufacturer, retailer and a franchise business.
Internationally famous multinational which designs, manufactures and markets women's and men's clothing and accessories
The fastest growing online jewellery department store in the UK and Ireland
Designer menswear & womenswear from the multi-award winning designer clothing store
Louis Copeland & Sons is a name synonymous with men's fine tailored clothing and high end fashion in Ireland.
Lotus, known for its eponymous sports cars, has selected Eurostop's retail management system.
We believe that any Serviceman or woman who suffers life changing injuries in the line of duty deserves the very best support for life.
Aquascutum invented the first waterproof cloth in 1853 and created the raincoat to protect the ladies and gentlemen of England from the elements and preserve their stylish appearance.
Trespass is a privately owned sportswear brand with their headquarters located in Glasgow, Scotland…an excellent place to test what they create.
UK's favorite adult shop! From sexy lingerie to the world famous and exclusive Rampant Rabbit, we've been tickling your fancy for 40 years


text:
Administration Branch
Functions of the Administration Section
- Activities pertaining to the vehicles belonging to the Southern Provincial Council.
- Activities related to the construction of building belonging to the Southern Provincial Council.
- Activities with respect to quarters of the Southern Provincial Council and recovery of rent for quarters and settlement of office telephone bills and telephone bills of staff officers.
- Activities related to repairs to the Chief Secretary's Office, Chief Secretary's Official residence of Labuduwa, Management Development and Training Institute- Wackwella.
- Activities pertaining to salary increments, salary conversion for the removal of salary anomalies, personal files of officers, performance appraisal reports of staff officers of the Chief Secretary's Office.
- Establishment matters related to the offices of Deputy Chief Secretary (Engineering Services), Deputy Chief Secretary (Planning) and Provincial Revenue Department.
- Approving overtime of the officers in the Southern Provincial Public Service.
- Activities pertaining to the transfer of officers of the Southern Provincial Council.
Mrs. R.U.I. Dissanayake
Assistant Chief Secretary (Administration)
Tel: +94912246297


text:
Why use an Intermediary to sell your insurance agency?
1. Knowledge - Most insurance agency owners have never sold an agency and are unaware of the process and potential pitfalls. We handle this process every day and have the experience and knowledge to guide everyone through to a successful completion.
2. Confidentiality - Employee and client relationships can undergo considerable damage if the parties find out the business is for sale. Your confidentiality is our number one priority and we take careful steps to protect it.
3. Time - Your time is best spent managing the agency and selling a business is a full-time job. We spend much of our time screening for qualified buyers and preparing for due diligence.
4. Stress - An intermediary facilitates the interaction between buyers and sellers including managing the negotiations and due diligence, relieving both parties of the stress that may come from direct contact with the other and preventing possible tension that may kill a deal.
5. Value - A seller is best served when they can obtain offers from multiple interested parties. We maintain regular contact with many qualified buyers looking to acquire different types of agencies in various markets.
How do you know an Intermediary is qualified?
1. They have sold insurance agencies. Ask for referrals.
2. They are a trained professional. Ask for credentials. The Certified Business Intermediary (CBI) designation is the gold standard in our industry.
3. They ask for the right financial and commission documentation up front. It demonstrates they have knowledge of insurance agency valuations.
4. They know of multiple acquisition lending resources for buyers.
5. They understand the most probable buyer for your agency. Sometimes it may be an individual buyer, other times a strategic or public buyer may be needed.
What do our various credentials mean to a seller?
Certified Business Intermediary (CBI)+
The certification is awarded by the International Business Broker's Association after a member has completed two years of experience, over 64 hours of coursework, and a final comprehensive exam on ethics, business valuation, sales, marketing and tax and legal issues associated with business transfers. Less than 2% of business intermediaries in the nation have achieved this designation.
Merger & Acquisition Master Intermediary (M&AMI)+
The certification is awarded by the M&A Source after a member has completed three transactions with values over $1M and an additional 32 hours of coursework on advanced tax, legal, marketing, and financing topics pertaining to middle market companies. Less than 150 brokers in the nation have achieved this designation.
Real Estate Licensing+
Many states require an individual engaged in marketing and negotiating the sale of a business to hold an active real estate broker's license.
Securities Licensing+
Individuals involved in the sale of a security, such as the sale of corporate stock, must be a securities broker registered with FINRA. Failure to comply with the regulation can result in a court rescinding a securities transaction.


text:
I've been selling my used textbooks since the fall of 2007 and have developed a pretty good method for high return. I've even made a profit on a few books because I sold them for more than I paid. Here are my tips to get the most money when selling textbooks.
Take care of your books
When buying used textbooks, always buy the best possible condition. Don't buy books with highlights, notes or any obvious defects. Use a book cover if you aren't the most careful with your textbooks. Don't write in or highlight your book. If you need to annotate, use sticky notes.
Next edition
Ask your professor (or ask Google) if the publisher is planning a new edition soon. If they are going to release a new edition before next semester, you have a very short window to get a high price for your book.
I have been known to copy the remaining chapters I needed at a cost of about $10 to sell my book mid-semester so I could still list for $150. If I'd waited until the end of the semester, I might have gotten $10 or $20 because the new edition was already out.
Companion resources
Some books come with a CD or code to access the textbook website and study resources. If you don't plan to use them, you can sell your book for almost as much as a new one. Some of those codes can cost $100 or more.
Sell as soon as possible
List your books for sale as soon as you don't need them anymore, even if the semester is still going on. Earlybirds shop for textbooks as early as mid-semester and it's better to be one of 4 books listed than 1 of 100.
Price smart
Look at the other listings for your book and price accordingly. If you want to sell immediately, price the lowest (even just by $0.01). I usually price a few dollars higher than the best "Like New" listing and mention in the description how immaculate my textbook is, and how I will ship it fast.
Be a good seller
If you are selling them online, make sure you have good feedback. People look at seller ratings and if you have one that says you took 3 weeks to ship, you're going to get passed up. Ship fast, package well and respond quickly to any messages the buyer sends.
Where to sell the books
Amazon Marketplace will typically get you the best price online.
You will net more money if you don't have to pay fees for selling your book so Craigslist and in-person sales at your university are your best bet for overall dollars. However, they are time consuming and sometimes you will still get more from Amazon. It depends how much effort you want to put into it and how much money you want to get out of it.
What I used to do in the first few semester of college was to list textbooks on Amazon, a few other sites and Craigslist. Whoever had the best offer would win, but that was when I had more time on my hands. I sell exclusively through Amazon now because I don't want to play haggle-with-the-other-poor-student.
Post flyers around campus. I've had the best luck with large, bold, colorful signs with a picture of the textbook. If you have a college Facebook page or any other online community, list there as well.
Don't sell back to the bookstore - this almost never works in your favor outside of the convenience.
Do you have any tips I missed to get high dollar for your used textbooks?


text:
This post was written by AthleteFIT guest contributor Kate Voss.
Ruthlessly pushing athletes to exhaustion and placing them in direct line of possible injury may seem acceptable within professional sports. However, when it comes to 8 and 9-year-olds, you would expect coaches to approach young players in a more relaxed manner, in order to safeguard their underdeveloped body and mentality.
That is definitely not the case for coaches in the Texas Youth Football Association, which is documented by the new series, Friday Night Tykes. If you haven't seen the show yet, (which broadcasts on the Esquire Network, available on Direct TV and some cable packages), be warned that you should watch with caution.
The new show, which premiered on Jan. 14, is a shocking and often disturbing insight into the extreme world of youth football training. Coaches are seen encouraging their players to "rip their freakin' head off, and let them bleed," and even advising players with comments such as, "I want you to stick it in his helmet — I don't care if he don't get up."
In the first episode, a player is forced to spend the entire practice running laps in 104 degree heat because he missed four weeks of training while visiting his grandmother. These coaches and parents aren't just competitive, they want their teams to win no matter the emotional and physical cost of the young players.
USA Football spokesman Steve Alic released a statement in response to the show, stated that "The language and scenes in Esquire Network's 'Friday Night Tykes' are in sharp contrast to USA Football's core beliefs and what is taking place on the majority of youth football fields across the country." He also explained that there is already an understanding among leagues that more needs to be done to make the sport safer and that "together with support of experts in medicine, child advocacy and multiple levels of the sport, we work with youth leagues to adopt these standards that bring significant change in how coaches are prepared, players are taught, parents are informed and safety is addressed."
While this is a good first step in theory, outraged parents and viewers will likely need more assurance their young players are protected.
What's wrong with the youth football culture?
The type of coaching shown in Friday Night Tykes undoubtedly leads to some alarming consequences. Encouraging players to disregard their pain and fatigue not only causes injury, but also provides a warped sense of masculinity. These young, male players are taught to believe that they need to push through all pain in order to achieve their goals. At one point in the show, a coach yells, "Emotion is a female trait. This is a man's sport!"
This type of coaching also promotes a "win at all costs" type of attitude, which is directly responsible for many injuries, including concussions. Recent headlines have brought to light that concussions in the sport of football are an all-too common occurrence, and a huge risk for underdeveloped brains. Even the NFL seems concerned with the show, stating that, "The trailer is definitely troubling to watch" and that the league featured on the show is not part of its Heads Up Football Program, which seeks to help make the sport of football safer for players.
What needs to change?
As parents, and especially as coaches and trainers of youth athletes, we must stop pushing young athletes too hard and aim to protect them. Most importantly coaches should define the difference between teaching healthy competition, not violence.
If the parent or coach is more invested in winning the game than the athletes are, something is wrong. Youth football should be played by athletes who are there because they love the sport, not because they were pushed into it. In order to bring youth football back to its roots — having fun while learning the benefits competition, discipline and hard work- parents and coaches need to stop pushing their children into sports purely for the sole purpose of winning the game.
It is important as a parent and coach to maintain communication with how the players are feeling. If the player feels they are being pushed too far, they should take a break. Also, between seasons, they should have a period of rest. According to The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM), children should take 2 to 3 months away from a specific sport every year and are encouraged to take at least 1 day off each week from organized activity.
Not only are these young players at risk for emotional burnout, they may also develop lifelong injuries. They should not be taught how to rip their opponents apart but rather, coaches need to focus on the right way to coach our children and players: by empowering, equipping and emotionally engaging them. We need to develop confidence in the young players so that they take risks, are not afraid of failure, and are increasingly motivated. For too many leagues, too much emphasis has been placed on the score of the game and who wins, when the focus needs to be put back on what the child actually learns through playing a sport: leadership, teamwork, dedication, healthy exercise and most importantly, how to have fun.


text:
How to Stop Losing Money on Sports Betting
Sporting betting offers a fun way of adding some extra excitement to big sporting events but do you sometimes lose more than you win?
Clearly, you can't win all of the time but wouldn't it be nice to do it more often? The truth is that there are some fairly simple approaches that can help you to lose less often and win with greater frequency.
Stick to Sports You Know and Love
It can be fascinating to watch new sports on the TV but do you really want to wager money on something that you know little about? If you aren't a keen follower of a sport then it can be extremely difficult to predict the outcome.
On the other hand, you probably already have a wealth of information on the sport that you most love. Betting wisely simply means putting that knowledge to good use.
Do Some Research
It is also worth doing some online research before you put any of your money into sports betting. Even if you know a lot about the competitors, is there a chance that you could find out more about their recent history and results?
Perhaps the pattern of results over the last few years will make it easier to see what is likely to happen this time around. Alternatively, it could be that the weather conditions or some other factor is more in favour of one of the options winning.
Be Careful About Betting on Your Team or Favourite Sportsperson
A lot of betting experts suggest that betting on your own team or favourite sportsperson is a bad idea. This is because it can be difficult to keep a clear head and not let your emotions take over.
By only wagering in events where you have no other interest in who wins you can make cool-headed decisions based purely on the facts. Once you know who you want to bet on, just head to a quality site such as BettingTop10 to get going easily.
Follow Your Instincts
Finally, it is always a smart idea to follow your instincts on matters such as this. If the bet simply feels wrong then it makes sense to walk away from it and look for another one.
If it feels right then you will be a lot more confident about winning money. However, you also need to be careful not to get over-confident and wager more than you can afford to because of your confidence.


text:
Revanta group is a multi state CGHS society formed with the aim of fulfilling the basic requirement of residential projects in Delhi. The company is a registered under the society registration act and has purchased land from farmers into L-Zone and P2-Zone, under the land pooling policy of the Delhi Development Authority, which would be ultimately developed into DDA Smart Cities.
Revanta group is a pioneer welfare society working under the land pooling policy of DDA. We have sold out three projects in P2 zone and have five ongoing projects in L zone, Dwarka Phase 2, the Delhi Smart City.
Firstly, understand the meaning of CGHS. The term CGHS is used for Co-operative Group Housing Society. The group is counted among the leading land developers of the county and have an excellent track record of successfully delivered projects. Buying space in any CGHS society is an intelligent move. And the major advantage of booking space with Revanta group is their user friendly approach. The group understand the mind set of customers and thus offers spacious apartments different sizes. Sometime, payment of huge amounts make people bit tensed, but here at Revanta group you need not to worry about that also. As we offer flexible payment options to help you buy your space easily.
Being the reputed land developer, those who book space with Revanta group gets loan easily as we offer proposed township plan with complete land registry papers. In fact, we encourage clients to verify all legal documents at our office, before booking the flat. Investing in Revanta group is a safe investment because the society is compliant to latest real estate laws, and undergoes regular audits which secures customer's money and reduces resources wastage.
Revanta multi state co-operative Group Housing Society is the most process centric and committed company in L-Zone, Dwarka Phase 2 real estate market, which offers share money certificate and land transfer certificate, the moment society members complete land cost.
The owners of Revanta group are renowned industrialist of plywood, paper, real estate, stock exchange, financial services, bio chemical sciences and pharmaceuticals sectors. The group has recently launched another society Revanta Heights in L zone, Delhi. The township is promoted by KAMP Developers and is equipped with the end-to-end delivery eco-system.


text:
As I suggested yesterday:
"My view is that price has not completed yet the Triple Zag off the November lows, instead price has began a pullback wave (B) of the third Zig Zag that should bottom in the range 1416-1410 from where I expect the kick off of the last wave (C) up of (Z). In other words we should have the usual Santa rally into year end. If price breaches the pivot support at 1398.23 I will reassess the short term bullish scenario."
My bullish bias is based upon an uncompleted EW count of the up leg from the November 16 low, since I am considering that price is unfolding a Triple Zig Zag = 11-wave move.
If this count is correct and price maintains intact the outlined rising channel of the 60 min SPX chart, which I attach below then we are very close to a potential reversal.
Keep in mind that at yesterday's lod price tested the important support of the 50 dma.
If this area does not hold then price should continue the current corrective pullback towards the next support located at the 20dma = 1404.
I will not modify this count as long as bears do not achieve an eod print below the pivot support at 1398.23.
As you now in addition to EW counting I always follow the indications that come from breadth and momentum indicators.
- The McClellan Oscillator gave a warning of a pending pullback with its bearish cross of the Stochastic from an overbought reading. Now the stochastic is approaching the oversold zone and the Oscillator is reaching the zero line. If SPX has not completed the "overlapping" move from the November lows then the McClellan Oscillator should not lose the zero line (2 consecutive eod prints below would be a warning that something more bearish might be cooking).
Recall that if there is pending wave (c) up then I want to see negative divergences in order to consider feasible an important top.
- The momentum picture is more bearish friendly since yesterday the Stochastic issued a new sell signal and lost the 80 line, but the line in the send is the RSI 50 line.
I am doubtful that at yesterday's lod price has finished the pullback since there is no positive divergence in NYSE Adv-Dec Volume (this is a sensitive short-term breadth indicator that usually shows positive divergence at a bottom and negative divergence at a top).
Maybe it might be anecdotal but I see a thrust down out of a contracting pattern. Usually this occurs at the end of a move.
Neither the daily candlestick gives me too many bullish vibrations. If bulls fail at yesterday's lod then as we can see in the daily SPX chart below, odds would be very large that price should easily drop towards the next critical support located in the area of 1404.
If price confirms my short term scenario then the potential top for the assumed wave (B) (Under the scenario that the corrective pattern from the September high is not over yet) can be located at the 0.786 retracement = 1446, in which case price will not breach the channel I have outlined in the SPX 60 min chart.
We also have as an indication the potential extension 1 x 1 of 40.36 points of the previous up leg.
So as long as bears do not inflict a serious technical damage by reclaiming the pivot support at 1398 in my opinion this pullback will eventually be bought.
Mr VIX as it is usually the case, when the market is approaching a potential turning point, should give us valuable clues. Here we have a clear trend line resistance both for the "fear" index and its RSI + the 200 dma that will dictate on the market behaviour. Usually we should see the VIX Index at the upper Bollinger Band when a major top can be established or at the lower Bollinger Band when price is involved in a bottoming process. Now we are in more or less in the middle of the range.
For the longer-term time frame if VIX remains constrained between the 2 converging trend lines then a large move should be expected maybe during the month of January.
The US Fiscal Cliff "farce" will most likely hold the kick off the Santa's rally until an agreement is reached. In addition next week we have Quarterly OPEX, which always adds uncertainties on the short term pattern.
But I guess that End of Year repositioning + PPT + Santa will eventually favour the bulls.
Have a great weekend.


text:
Verizon pushing update to the Galaxy Tab 10.1, brings TouchWiz changes
Samsung's Galaxy tab 10.1 of Verizon is to receive an update Over the Air soon which will mainly consist of user interface changes to their increasingly popular TouchWiz UI. In addition to that, the update includes a batch of security patches and also updates for a lot of other Widgets.
After updating you tablet with the new updates your, Galaxy tab will certainly look fresh however the users who currently use a home replacement launcher may not notice any kind of change at all.
Apart from the upgrade of the User Interface a bug that earlier caused email to remain bold even after the users read it, has also been fixed. It also includes a Bluetooth 3.0 support, DivX media files support, and additional Wi-Fi routers are also made compatible.
As this update incorporates built in support for the VPN clients so, it will also be a lot helpful for the business users. Although the exact release date for the update is not yet declared, but the support tab of Verizon says the updates are coming soon.
For downloading the updates the users will only require to navigate to System updates via settings and about Tablet menu.
Working For Notebookcheck
Are you a techie who knows how to write? Then join our Team! Especially English native speakers welcome!
Currently wanted:
News and Editorial Editor - Details here


text:
Join the conversation! Log in or Register to leave a comment
Putter Week concludes today with another great tip from Dave Stockton. This time, he delves a bit deeper into the notion of proper pre-putt routines in the context of longer putts. Want to avoid three-putts? Check out today's video.
The best instruction, delivered daily directly to your inbox, for FREE. It's never been easier to improve your game.
Join GOLFPASS and enjoy 4,000+ tips from top coaches, monthly tee time credit, exclusive member pricing with free shipping on Revolution Golf equipment, coaching programs, training aids, and more.
Terms and conditions apply. Free trial not applicable on GOLFPASS+.
Already a GOLFPASS member? Click here to sign in


text:
|About the presenter: Susan Block, PhD, teaches at La Trobe University in Victoria, Australia and is a member of the Stuttering Research Consortium at the Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne. Her PhD study focused on student-delivered stuttering treatment. She has also investigated prognostic indicators for adults who stutter and collaborated on research involving multi-site trials. Dr. Block has has conducted clinical programs for adults and children who stutter. She is one of the recipients of a $4 million NHMRC program grant, and a Fellow of the Speech Pathology Association of Australia. For the past 25 years she has taught at the university educating undergraduate and graduate students in the area of stuttering.
For some people who stutter, the experience of having treatment for the stuttering can be an exciting and liberating experience. For others it can be a very difficult and confronting process. As a result not everyone is able to make the same amount of change in the same period of time. Consequently it is vital that speech pathologists treat each person as an individual and find out exactly what it is that each person is aiming for when they come for treatment.
People seek treatment for a variety of reasons. Parents bring their children so they will learn how to stop stuttering -- to ease their path through life. They frequently express concern about the potential for teasing and bullying at school. Recent research confirms that this concern may be warranted as the negative reactions to stuttering can be evident in very young children (Langevin et al, 2008). Most adults and adolescents presenting to the La Trobe Communication Clinic report that they are aiming to stop stuttering -- or certainly, wanting increased fluency. This means that they specifically want to work on changing their speech. Some people also want to decrease the anxiety they feel about speaking (because of their stuttering). There are also other things that motivate people to seek treatment. They may have important speaking requirements at school (e.g. oral presentations), the desire to decrease teasing and bullying, presentations at work, job interviews, possibilities for promotion at work, important social events where they need to speak (e.g. weddings) etc. Each of these may need a different focus in treatment. Indeed, there may need to be several aspects to the treatment process to ensure that if someone has several goals for treatment, each goal becomes a focus at the appropriate time. Thus, clinicians need to be very clear about exactly what it is that the people coming to them are expecting from them. Similarly, it is important that those who are seeking treatment are very clear with their clinicians about exactly why they are there. Otherwise, each may not be striving for the same outcome.
With increased access to information through the WorldWideWeb consumers can learn about stuttering and treatment from a huge range of sources. Unfortunately, not all of the sources are accurate. Thus, it is important that clinicians know what information people presenting to them may already have. They need to be able to discuss the variety of evidence in terms of its accuracy and its evidence base. Also, its relevance to the specific situation of each individual who stutters. Speech-Language-Pathologists need to be advocates for those who stutter (and their families). They also need to have a very good awareness of what is the current information available about stuttering. More importantly however, they need to know what the current thinking is about what is evidence-based best practice for the treatment and management of stuttering across the lifespan. They need to be flexible in their approaches to each person and to the different aspects of the treatment they offer.
Current research indicates that the Lidcombe Program should be the treatment of choice for young children who stutter (Jones et al, 2005; Lincoln & Onslow, 1997). Similarly, there is evidence to suggest that Prolonged (or Smooth Speech) should be the treatment of choice for adults who stutter. Evidence also indicates that a variety of formats in which to teach prolonged Speech can produce impressive fluency outcomes (Block et al, 2005; O'Brian et al, 2003). However, there are issues relating to service delivery that can make it difficult to deliver some of these treatments in the format in which they have often been researched -- e.g. weekly treatment, intensive treatment or a combination of both. The problems can be, from the clinician's point of view, in terms of managing the logistics and caseload, or from the perspective of the person who stutters, in terms of being able to be consistently available in the clinic. Work and family commitments often mean that regular treatment can be disrupted.
Relapse is an issue for adults and adolescents who stutter. Indeed, the predictors of outcome have included locus of control, normal attitudes to communication and skill mastery (Andrews & Craig, 1988). More recent research confirms the importance of stuttering severity (mastery of techniques) as the predominant issue in prognosis for adults who stutter (Block et al, 2006). In effect, what this means is that clinicians may need to provide more treatment for people who present with more severe levels of stuttering. This is not only to prevent relapse, but also to enhance the likelihood of maximising fluency and effectively controlling speech production. For those who stutter severely, this may mean they need access to ongoing treatment - in acknowledgement of the fact that they are battling a chronic condition across their lifespan. Additionally, not only should more treatment be available in cases of increased severity, but it may be the case that a variety of treatment approaches may be appropriate, with differing emphases at different stages in treatment.
One of the issues that clinicians also need to acknowledge is the fact that not everyone wants to sound 'different'. While they may not want to stutter, the person seeking treatment may be very self-conscious about how they sound. Speech naturalness can be a huge issue for someone trying to become comfortable with themselves as they endeavour to maintain fluency -- that feels very different and they often assume it therefore sounds odd or unnatural. The development of the Camperdown Program (O'Brian et al, 2003) has naturalness training and awareness and clinicians should be aware of the advantages that this can bring someone trying to self-evaluate accurately. Clinicians should keep a focus on ensuring that they target natural-sounding fluent speech as early as possible in the treatment process. It is certainly the case that for school-aged children and adolescents, they may well reject treatments that make them sound "odd", no matter how fluent they become. It is vital that their fluency does not make them targets for teasing.
As an added complexity, there is increasing evidence that anxiety plays a role in stuttering. While it is not seen as a causal role, people who stutter often comment on the distraction of speech-related anxiety. There is increasing information about the complex relationship between anxiety and stuttering (Messenger et al, 2004; Onslow et al, 2000). This relationship necessitates careful consideration of how to manage anxiety during the treatment process and beyond. The complex interaction means that clinicians need to study ways of managing anxiety during the speech restructuring process. It is a relatively simple task to show someone how to be fluent. It is more challenging to help them use their fluency in situations outside a clinical setting. Even more of a challenge is the maintenance of fluency over time as habituated responses to stress and social situations often result in anxiety and anticipation of stuttering. Bloodstein (2005) was wise in proposing that one of the methods of evaluating the success of a methods of treatment was whether the method removed "not only stuttering, but also the fears, the anticipations, and the person's self-concept as a stutterer" (p.443). It is vital that we consider the range of aspects of the problem of stuttering and the reactions of those who stutter to the speech behaviours they experience. Otherwise, we fall short of helping those grappling with this debilitating problem truly manage and change their speech. Thus, we need to determine how each individual who stutters feels about the problem and importantly, what the impact is for them.
While Speech-Language-Pathologists need to ensure they focus on the issues mentioned above, it is also vital that those who stutter are very clear about their desires when they present for either an assessment or for treatment. While they may feel that it should be abundantly clear that they want to stop stuttering, they may find it helpful to consider some of the other aspects mentioned above. For example, it may be that they cannot focus on treatment techniques for fluency if they cannot manage the anxiety that may occur in specific situations. It may also be the case, that if previous treatment has been unsuccessful, they may be reticent to try further treatment. Thus, it is vital that those who stutter are honest about what they think about their previous treatments; what they felt was useful and what was not. Consideration of the latter may help ensure that the next attempt at treatment might be more satisfactory - in terms of outcome. It should also be useful in tackling the issues collaboratively to ensure the best possible outcome.
Sometimes it may be the case that Speech-Language-Pathologists use very similar strategies to each other with very different outcomes. People seeking treatment should feel that it is appropriate to ask the person whose advice they are seeking exactly how they do their treatment (or treatment focus) that might ensure they will have a better outcome. This may be a different or greater focus on transfer and generalisation; it may be a different sequence of strategies, it may be different amounts of treatment; it may be greater structured practice - or any number of variations. It is also worth considering that you need to feel confident in the abilities of anyone whom you consult for help and advice with any issue. If your clinician cannot answer your questions you should feel confident to seek further advice from another clinician. If you do not make change, it may not be that the treatment per se was the problem, but perhaps the way it was taught. Thus, someone else may suit you better.
However, it is often the case that treatment access is severely limited and alternative professional input may not be available. This may be the case in isolated communities as well as in densely populated communities. Indeed, in many parts of the world, there is no access to any treatment or support for those who stutter (and their families). It should be heartening to read that we are in the process of developing and investigating treatments for stuttering that may be able to be self-managed, or even web-based and self-directed. There are increasingly available sophisticated telehealth options for service delivery in a variety of areas for a variety of 'conditions'. These should see huge opportunities for change in the treatment options for those who stutter. These opportunities should offer flexibility and increased choice for those who stutter. Thus, it is with optimism and excitement that we should view the next couple of years as emerging treatments are trialled and tested.
Andrews, G. & Craig, A. (1988). Prediction of outcome following treatment for stuttering. British Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 236-240.
Block, S. Onslow, M. Packman, A. & Dacakis, G. (2006). Connecting stuttering measurement and management: IV. Predictors of outcome for a behavioural treatment for stuttering. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 41, pp. 395-406.
Block, S., Onslow, M., Packman, A., Gray, B., & Dacakis, G. (2005). Treatment of chronic stuttering: outcomes from a student training model. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 40, 455-466.
Bloodstein, O. (1995). A Handbook in Stuttering. (5th edition). Chicago, IL: National Easter Seal Society.
Jones, M., Onslow, M., Packman, A., Williams, S., Ormond, T., Schwarz, T., & Gebski, V. (2005). A randomised controlled trial of the Lidcombe Program for early stuttering interventon. British Medical Journal, 331, 659-661.
Langevin, M., Packman, A., Thompson, R., & Onslow, M. 2008. Peer responses to stuttered utterances. Manuscript in preparation.
Lincoln, M., & Onslow, M. (1997). Long-term outcome of an early intervention for stuttering. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 6, 51-58.
Messenger, M., Onslow, M., Packman, A., & Menzies, R. (2004). Social anxiety in stuttering: measuring negative social expectancies. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 29, 201-212.
O'Brian, S., Onslow, M., Cream, A., & Packman, A. (2003).The Camperdown Program: Outcomes of a new prolonged-speech treatment model. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 46, 933-946.
Onslow, M., Menzies, R., & Packman, A. (2000). Anxiety and the treatment of stuttering. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 9, 91-92.
|Return to the opening page of the conference


text:
United Nations Cap
This United Nations Cap belonged to a Queensland Police Officer who went to Cyprus as part of the 6th contingent of peacekeepers who served during 1969-1970.
The UNCIVPOL or United Nations Civilian Police consists of Police officers from across the world. During the Cyprus crisis, civilian police were supplied by a number of countries including Australia. Thirty-nine of the Australians came from Queensland Police. The Civilian Police became known as UNFICYP meaning United Nations (Police Peacekeeping) Forces in Cyprus.
United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) is a United Nations peacekeeping force that was established under United Nations Security Council Resolution 186 in 1964 to prevent a recurrence of fighting following inter-communal violence between the Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots and to maintain law and order.
United Nations Cap
- Title: United Nations Cap
- Date: 1970
- Materials: Cotton, Metal, Plastics
- Dimensions: 220 x 170 x 110
- Museum: Queensland Police Museum
"The police are the public and the public are the police."
– Robert Peel
Photo Credit: GM


text:
This release of the Offline Virtual Machine Servicing Tool completely replaces version 2.0. Version 2.1 of the tool now works with System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2008 R2, System Center Configuration Manager 2007 SP2, and Windows Server Update Services 3.0 SP2. The tool also supports updating the Windows® 7 and Windows Server® 2008 R2 operating…
Year: 2009
Hyper-V resource
All you want to know about Hyper-V in one place on the Technet website http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/dd565807.aspx Including: · Planning · Installation · Guidance · Best Practices · Deployment · Pre-Deployment Tools · Management · Performance · Workload Specific Guidance Technorati Tags: Hyper-V
Do you want to script RDS for VDI
If so the Technet Script Center has plenty of resources, view them here Some scripts I'd like to highlight: Virtual Machine Management Configure Guest OS for VDI (PowerShell) Configure Guest OS for VDI (VB Script) Virtual machine assignment management Bulk assign virtual machines to users or pools List VM assignment information Infrastructure setup:…
Want to configure Server Core R2?
…in that case you'll need http://www.codeplex.com/CoreConfig It is completely open source so it can be ammended and changed to fit your requirements, this version has been a year in the making and has been written in powershell with a reference to Winforms so that a GUI format is displayed. Core Configuration tasks include:…
Infrastructure Planning and Design Guides—Release Announcement
Selecting the Right Virtualization Technology Windows Server 2008 R2 Remote Desktop Services The Infrastructure Planning and Design team has released two updated guides, Selecting the Right Virtualization Technology and Windows Server 2008 R2 Remote Desktop Services. Download the IPD Guide for Selecting the Right Virtualization Technology at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=160981 Download the IPD Guide for Windows Server…
Remote Server Administration Tools (RSAT) for Windows 7 now available
If you need these tools and if your reading this you probably do, the the RSAT tools are now at RTM and available John has all the details (as usual): http://blogs.technet.com/jhoward/archive/2009/08/11/windows-7-rsat-final-build-available-for-download.aspx Technorati Tags: rsat
Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 RTM
I couldn't be clearer than that, more details here and from Presspass Technorati Tags: Hyper-v R2
Linux drivers for the community (GPLv2)
Today, in a break from the ordinary, Microsoft released 20,000 lines of device driver code to the Linux community. The code, which includes three Linux device drivers, has been submitted to the Linux kernel community for inclusion in the Linux tree. The drivers will be available to the Linux community and customers alike, and will…
RDS virtualized on Hyper-V
This is a recent post I missed (thanks for the pointer Julius) from the Remote Desktop Services Team (formally known as Terminal Services). Basically with Windows Server 2008 R2 Hyper-V "We conducted our testing using both non-SLAT and SLAT hardware and found that SLAT enabled processors increased the number of sessions by a factor of…
iForum is getting close
Only a few days left now to book a place at iForum http://blogs.technet.com/clive_watson/archive/2009/04/02/uk-event-citrix-iforum-in-june.aspx Technorati Tags: Citrix,iForum


text:
Contact us | Feedback |
A key figure in the federal structure of our country, the Governor holds a unique position in the sense that he acts as a vital link between the Centre and the State. He performs a number of duties the Constitution has conferred on him. As important legislative and executive steps are taken in his name, he keeps himself fully informed of everything which is being done in his name.
Shri Madhu Sudan Padhi has taken over as Principal Secretary to Honourable Governor of Odisha w.e.f. 25th July 2018 and is continuing.
Copyright © 2011 - All Rights Reserved - Raj Bhavan, Odisha | Terms of use
The website is designed & developed by NIC, Odisha


text:
After IBM's Deep Blue beat Grand Master Gary Kasparov in a chess challenge series game AI moved onto the much harder ancient Chinese game Go (chess was considered "solved"). Recently Google purchased the company DeepMind and proceeded to lay down a 5-game challenge match in Seoul against Lee Sedol, the top Go player in the world, for a $1M prize. The AlphaGo team were not confident they would win, despite having beaten the European Go champion 5:0. In the event AlphaGo won 4:1 and Google got to donate a million to charity. Watch the video below to find out more about the game of Go and the program AlphaGo and read the paper the team recently published in Nature.
from The Universal Machine http://universal-machine.blogspot.com/
Put the internet to work for you.
|Recommended for you


text:
How do I graph (line or pie) the time it takes different amounts of water to freeze? — LC, TX
First, you must determine what it is that you're really measuring. If you pour a gallon of water onto a huge copper plate that's been cooled to -200° C, the water will freeze in a fraction of a second while if you put a drop of water on a hot frying pan, it will never freeze at all. You must design a sensible experiment and then repeat it with several different amounts of water. The experiment should be sure to focus on the water by avoiding situations where external effects determine the freezing time. For example, you might obtain 4 identical 1-liter containers and fill them with 1/4, 2/4, 3/4, and 1 liter of the same water respectively and then put them simultaneously in a freezer with a uniform cold temperature. Then you can record how long it takes each of them to freeze. Then use an XY graph to plot these times: the x-axis could be the amount of water in the container and the y-axis could be the time it took for the water to freeze. The four points you'll obtain probably won't form a straight line. That's because the amount of heat that must leave the water for it to freeze depends on the water's volume and the time it takes that heat to leave depends on the water's surface area. Doubling the water's volume doesn't double its surface area, so the freezing time will have an interesting and somewhat complicated dependence on the water's volume. Try it!


text:
Where style, space and architectural designs create the perfect hotel lifestyle.
At Samai Ocean Lodge Spa rooms are bright and feature wooden ceilings, floor-to-ceiling windows with sea and garden views, and private bathrooms with toiletries. An American breakfast is served daily with fresh produce from the property's orchard.
Samai Ocean View Lodge is a 10-minute drive from Olón Bus Station and a 15-minute drive from Montañita. The city of Guayaquil is 3 hours by car.
* Free Parking – Free Wi-Fi Internet – Access Included Family Rooms – Pets Allowed
Available rates
Suite Standar
Rates can be used to offer different packages for your room (breakfast included, deposit required with a discount, etc).Included in rate:
$99.00 per nightBook Now
- 14% IVA and 10% Services.
- Use of Jacuzzi and Swiminpool.
- Breakfast.


text:
Hello friends!!! I have downloaded RAR file through internet but unable to access data. I think it may happen due to incomplete download of RAR file so I download it again. Yet I am unable to access data from RAR file so I am looking for third party tool to repair broken RAR file. Can anyone suggest reliable tool to fix broken files?
Remo Repair RAR tool is an efficient tool capable in fixing damaged or broken RAR file with few simple steps. This software is compatible with all the versions of Windows and Mac operating systems. Using this software, you are able to fix and restore broken file on desired location. It includes simple interface so that new users can even repair corrupt or broken RAR files with ease. The demo version of this software is available online so download to fix broken RAR file.
Reasons due to which RAR file become broken
- Error in using WinRAR application
- Virus attack or malware programs on system
- Error while copying or transferring RAR files from computer
- Use of unreliable software to compress or decompress RAR file
- Interruption while transferring RAR files due to low memory, system crashes, etc
In such circumstances, you can employ Remo Repair RAR tool to easily fix broken RAR files with few mouse clicks. This software can be installed on all the latest versions of Windows based machines.
Why to store files in RAR files format?
- Consumes less internet data to upload files
- Compress different file types in few simple steps
- You are able to restore data above 1 TB in RAR format
- You can transfer and upload file with higher speed
How to Fix Broken RAR Files?
Step I: Download trail version of Remo Repair RAR tool and then install and launch on your computer in order to fix broken RAR file.
Step II: After launching the software, you need to browse the path for broken RAR file. Choose the RAR file and Click on repair button on screen.
Step III: The software starts repairing process which can be observed in the progress bar. Preview option is also available to judge the efficiency of tool.
Step IV: It allows user to restore repaired RAR file on desired location i.e. partition or external storage devices such as external hard drive or pen drive.
Features of Remo Repair RAR Tool
- Fix broken RAR files on Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8 and Windows 10.
- Capable in repairing RAR files from memory card, hard drive, USB drive, external hard drive, etc.
- Creates a copy of original files and then fixes broken RAR file repair without modifying original file.
- Technical support team is available to assist users while repairing broken RAR file from the system.


text:
The US secretary of agriculture has reassured farmers concerned about the impact of the trade war with China
Farmers will not have to 'bear the brunt' of China's retaliatory tariffs in the US-China trade war, according to US secretary of agriculture Sonny Perdue.
Mr Perdue appeared on CNBC to reassure farmers concerned about Chinese trade tariffs the US President will protect them.
"There is legitimate anxiety when you see prices depressing. But farmers are resilient, they understand China has not been playing fair," Mr Perdue said.
He said farmers were patriotic but 'also know patriotism cannot pay the bills'.
"The President has told me to tell [farmers] he is not going to allow them to bear the brunt of these trade disruptions and to make a plan for mitigation unless we are unable resolve the trade issue.
"That is obviously what farmers would prefer. They would like to have trade. They want to sell their products, they are the most productive in the world.
"They have come to depend on exports, and that is their first choice. But if they do not, they have to pay their bills like everyone else."
While he did not confirm, when asked, whether the USDA would buy up farm produce at taxpayer expense, Mr Perdue said they had various options in their tool box and they were assessing what was normal volatility and what was hit by the trade.
In the wheat markets, Gleadell trading support analyst David Woodland said increasing anxiety over the dispute had provided a backdrop of strong liquidation selling, 'especially in the corn and bean markets, which have spilled over into the wheat pit'.
Progress in the winter wheat harvest and 'very good ratings' for the spring wheat crops were putting pressure on markets.
Benjamin Bodart, CRM Agri Commodities analyst, said the escalating tensions between Washington and Beijing were the main catalyst in the oilseeds markets.
He said the uncertainty meant July 18 CBOT soybean futures had tumbled, with soymeal prices also down.
"The excellent soy conditions across the US Midwest also weighed on the 'green gold' with 73 per cent of the US crop rated 'Good/Excellent' as of June 24 – the best condition ever," he said.


text:
Free Shipping All Over India for All (Minimum 500 Rs and Above)
Showing 1–12 of 38 results
Delivery in 5 working days
ArtEastri was conceived to popularise ancient crafts and fabrics of Eastern India – Assam, Bengal , Bihar, Orissa. Visit our store and enjoy exclusive natural fabrics and sustainable crafts.
Read More
Copyright 2019 arteastri.com


text:
Anton Baker
At D Young & Co, no two days are ever the same. I work across a broad range of technology and my responsibilities are as varied as my clients, encompassing drafting, prosecution, opinion work and oppositions.
Before I joined D Young & Co in 2012, I completed a doctorate on "Experimental Studies of Graphene & Carbon Nanotube Structures for Nanoelectronic Applications" at the University of Oxford.
Before this, I studied for a master's degree, where I specialised in both particle and condensed matter physics. This taught me the underlying physics of key technologies in today's high-tech sector, including semiconductors, lasers, photovoltaics and detection techniques. I enjoy transferring this technical knowledge into my work, and ensuring clients get the best possible representation.
I represent clients across a range of sectors, including electronics, engineering and IT, as well as consumer goods, business & finance, oil & gas and medical technology. As well as supporting our clients, I love working with – and learning from – many of the best patent attorneys in the country.
- MPhys in Physics, Magdalen College, University of Oxford.
- DPhil in Physics, Magdalen College, University of Oxford.
- Science Innovation Plus, Saïd Business School, University of Oxford.
- Certificate in Intellectual Property Law, Queen Mary, University of London.
- Certificate in IP litigation.
- Chartered Patent Attorney 2016.
- European Patent Attorney 2016.
- European Design Attorney.
- Chartered Institute of Patent Attorneys (CIPA).
- European Patent Institute (epi).
- Member of the Institute of Physics (IoP).
- Alexander-Webber JA, Baker AMR et al., "Phase Space for the Breakdown of the Quantum Hall Effect in Epitaxial Graphene", Phys. Rev. Lett., 111, 096601 (2013).
- Stranks SD, Baker AMR et al., "Production of High-Purity Single-Chirality Carbon Nanotube Hybrids by Selective Polymer Exchange", Small, 9, 2245 (2013).
- Baker AMR et al., "Energy loss rates of hot Dirac fermions in epitaxial, exfoliated, and CVD graphene", Phys. Rev. B, 87, 045414 (2013).
- Baker AMR et al., "Weak localization scattering lengths in epitaxial, and CVD graphene", Phys. Rev. B, 86, 235441 (2012).
- Alexander-Webber JA, Baker AMR et al., "High-current breakdown of the quantum Hall effect and electron heating in InSb/AlInSb", Phys. Rev. B, 86, 045404 (2012).
- Baker AMR et al., "Energy relaxation for hot Dirac fermions in graphene and breakdown of the quantum Hall effect", Phys. Rev. B, 85, 115403 (2012).
- Chuang KC, Baker AMR et al., "Magnetoabsorption study of Landau levels in graphite", Phys. Rev. B, 80, 161410(R) (2009).


text:
We left Chumphon at 10.00 in the morning after breakfast at the hotel's coffee house. All of us woke up late than usual as we planned our next destination is Koh Samui, Surat Thani. The journey took us nearly 250 km from Chumphon to Don Sak SeaTran Ferry Terminal.
As we rode on Route 41 southbound to Surat Thani, there were many stalls selling coconut jelly. These coconut jelly were served cold. It was very refreshing when riding in a hot weather.
We exited Route 41 heading to Route 44. The Route 44 connects Surat Thani and Krabi. It is a new highway and using the Route 44 can save travelling time between East and West Coast.
We reached SeaTran Ferry Terminal in Don Sak at 1.00 pm and while waiting for the ferry to arrive, we had our lunch at the ferry terminal.
Almost an hour later, the ferry arrived and the boys were so excited to ride into the vehicle docking bay. It was their first crossing their Harley Davidson bikes on a ferry to an island.
We reached Koh Samui at 3.00 pm and went to Chaweng area to check-in at hotel. Our hotel is located 50 meters from the beach. Changed our clothes and headed to Chaweng beach and watched the sunset.
For the dinner, i brought them to a muslim restaurant not far from Chaweng and within the walking distance from our hotel.
After dinner, we walked to Samui Walking Street and chillax at Raggae Bar..
On the next day, we spent the day exploring around Koh Samui.. Went to Hin Ta Hin Yai Rocks near Lamai.
The boys really enjoyed riding without wearing helmets. It is illegal but usually roadblocks happen during the evening.
Sun is up, time to hit the beach at Tong Ta Kien aka Silver Beach.. We spent couple of hours at the Silver Beach including full thai body massage.
The weather was hot.. it's time for coconut ice cream again. This time at the View Point near Chaweng.
I ordered Coconut Ice Cream with Caramalized Banana and Peanut toppings.
Later in the evening, we went to Harley Davidson Koh Samui which is located near Chaweng. It is easy to find the HD store as you are heading to View Point from Chaweng. The Samui HD shop also provides Harley Davidson bikes for rental.
This is where i bought my half-helmet aka helmet kura kura, Samui Harley Davidson t-shirts and lots of buffs for riding.
The lady in the photo below is the owner of the Harley shop. You can bargain most of the items and in the store, there are many collectible Harley accessories.
Overall, we had a great time at Koh Samui. They wanted to extend for another day on the island but we had to head to Hatyai on the next day.
Total distance we rode from Chumphon to Don Sak Ferry Terminal was 250 km. The ferry journey from Don Sak Seatran Ferry Terminal to Koh Samui took us nearly 1 hour. We took the chance to chillax on the air-cond Seatran ferry on comfortable sofa along with good food & beverages being served..
Continue reading:
Five Armies Pre-Ride : KL - Khao Lak - Chumphon - Koh Samui - KL
Five Armies Day 1: KL - Khao Lak, Phang Nga
Five Armies Day 2: Khao Lak - Chumphon, Thailand
Five Armies Day 3: Chumphon - Koh Samui


text:
Extremely thorough but super user-friendly online painting course.
Personal list of painting do's and don'ts
After many, many, many painting failures (and the angst that goes with them😩) I've come up with a list of what I currently see as
When you feel like giving up: a helpful perspective from Brian Sherwin
M Graham oil paints
I like to research materials periodically so thought I'd publish my findings in regard to these paints, of which I have a few. Those that
How success sadly destroyed the great Mark Rothko
1 2 3 … 8 Next Posts»


text:
Innovate with intelligence
30 years of diagnostic innovation for healthier pets and happier pet owners
Product showcase
Swipe to see our signature software and devices.
See our signature software, devices, and tests.
What are the kidneys telling you?
Listen closer with SDMA. A new standard of care for monitoring kidney function that detects and reflects disease.
SDMA is a sensitive indicator of kidney function that detects diseases of the kidney sooner and reflects other disease processes affecting the kidneys.1–3,6
News & Product Releases
October 2, 2019—IDEXX Breakthrough Kidney Function Test Now Key Component of IRIS Staging Guidelines
April 23, 2019—IDEXX CEO Establishes Wild Cat Conservation Foundation
March 3, 2019—IDEXX Names Sharon Underberg General Counsel
February 11, 2019—IDEXX to Present at Two Upcoming Institutional Investor Conferences
January 21, 2019—IDEXX Introduces Exclusive Point-of-Care Progesterone Test to Its Catalyst Platform
Careers at IDEXX
8,000 people, one global focus - enhancing the health and well-being of pets, people, and livestock.Jobs near you
Investor relations
Listed on NASDAQ since 1991 and a member of the S&P 500, IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. (IDXX) is the global leader in veterinary diagnostics, software, and water microbiology testing.Investor information
Our purpose
To be a great company that creates exceptional long-term value for our customers, employees, and shareholders by enhancing the health and well-being of pets, people, and livestock.About us
Everything clicks with MyIDEXX
MyIDEXX brings your IDEXX online services together, helping you do more, faster.
Practice Life: Everything practice management.
Stories, tips, and information from peers and industry experts in veterinary practice management.


text:
Thursday, February 7: Guests include Kim Kardashian West, James Cameron and Christina Tosi. Show 1011
Friday, February 8: Guests include Rebel Wilson, Willie Geist, Nathan Macintosh and Erykah Badu sits in with The Roots. Show 1012
**Monday, February 11: Guests include Adam Sandler, Stephen Merchant, and musical guest Metro Boomin ft. Gunna. Show 1013
**Tuesday, February 12: Guests include Will Forte, Gigi Hadid and musical guest Gashi ft. G-Eazy. Show 1014
**Wednesday, February 13: Guests include Steve Martin & Martin Short and musical guest Avril Lavigne. Show 1015
**Thursday, February 14: Guests include Kendall Jenner, Fred Armisen and musical guest Florida Georgia Line. Show 1016
These listings are subject to change.
**denotes changes or additions
Amber James, firstname.lastname@example.com, 212-664-5019


text: Hi On Sun, Mar 12, 2006 at 04:51:39PM +0100, Baptiste COUDURIER wrote: > Hi, > > Here is a patch to fix sample size for uncompressed sound, handling it > in a generic way in stsz parsing, and removing the special check in > read_packet. > > Is that acceptable and correct ? iam not sure, personally i would limit the code to the case where sample_size==1 but maybe thats not a good idea ... [...] -- Michael


text:
Quiet Rumours: an anarcha-feminist reader
Out of stock
This is a fascinating window into the intersection of anarchism and feminism from the women who catalysed both. Compiled and introduced by the UK-based anarchist collective Dark Star, Quiet Rumours features articles and essays from four generations of anarchist-inspired feminists, including Emma Goldman, Voltairine de Cleyre, Jo Freeman, Peggy Kornegger, Cathy Levine and beyond. All the pieces from the first two editions are included here, as well as new material bringing third and so-called fourth-wave feminism into conversation with twenty-first century politics.
Publisher: Dark Star and AK Press, 2012.
133 pages
black and white


text:
The Office for Recreation, Sport and Racing is committed to assisting organisations provide environments where the contribution of women is valued, respected and encouraged.
A key focus of the Office for Recreation, Sport and Racing commitment is to address the inequalities in participation, leadership and recognition of women in sport.
One of strategies identified to facilitate this positive change focuses on having the composition of state sport and recreation organisations boards being a minimum of 40% women, 40% men and the remaining 20% being discretionary.
To achieve this outcome it has been established that government funding distributed by the Office for Recreation, Sport and Racing to state sporting and recreation organisations or industry representative bodies be contingent on organisations meeting this target.
There is strong evidence which highlights that gender balance in key decision‑making roles increases the performance of boards. Accordingly it is well understood improved governance and decision-making is associated with gender balance in key decision-making roles more broadly.
The Office for Recreation, Sport and Racing is committed to facilitating opportunities for organisations to continually develop and monitor their governance structures and practices.
The introduction of the 40:40:20 policy initiative is seen as a key component of this focus.
The organisations currently involved in this initiative have demonstrated their capacity and support to providing opportunities to women to secure leadership roles throughout the industry. The organisations committed to this initiative include:
The purpose of the 40:40:20 Policy Initiative is to facilitate long term cultural change throughout the industry
How each organisation seeks to meet the requirements of the 40:40:20 Policy Initiative may be different, as will the journey and processes undertaken.
Initial actions organisations may take can include:
The Office for Recreation and Sport is committed to facilitating opportunities for organisations to continually develop and monitor their governance structures and practices. The opportunity and support available will consist of a range of initiatives including:
As Board's are elected at the AGM by the members, it is important to communicate with them before the election is held. Members tend to vote for people they know so the goal is to encourage them to change that behaviour and utilise their vote accordingly.
The below statement outlines brief dialogue which organisations may utilise when communicating to their members.
The Board has committed to adopting good practice in the Governance of your organisation.
To achieve that your Board is seeking to be diverse and fully representative of the makeup of our membership.
Your Board has committed itself to achieving a 40:40:20 representative makeup for the composition of the Board and to maintaining that balance going forward.
Having a diverse Board makeup will lead us to more informed decision making and in the medium to long term provide a better sporting environment for our members.
To achieve this your Board has agreed to adopt a pro-active process and we ask that you, the voting membership, consider this in exercising your voting power at this and future Annual General Meetings.
By this we mean, in determining how you vote at this AGM consider fully the information we provide on each candidate and select those who can represent the membership but who also help us meet our broader targets.
Constitutional change may be needed, for example for a board of 9 only 7 would be elected by the members and 2 would be appointed by the Board itself as 'independents'. That allows the Board itself to appoint 2 persons of either gender as required to achieve the 40:40:20 target.
This is where the Board needs to be pro-active. Form a nominations committee that identifies and approaches suitable people to encourage them to stand for the Board. Using a skills matrix the nominations committee can also vet all applications to stand for the Board and recommend those the members should endorse. Don't allow nominations from the floor during the AGM, any unfilled positions then become casual vacancies that can be filled by the Board during the year as suitable people are identified.
The Premier's Women's Directory is an online database of women wanting to serve on boards and committees. It includes the details of women with a diverse range of backgrounds, experience and interests and is maintained and updated by the Office for Women.


text:
About Our Site
SafeAlternativeMedicine was formed to offer a unique reference point on alternative medicines and therapies.
Time was when alternative medicine was largely regarded as a load of hogwash, and that herbal remedies were considered nothing more than back-woods folk treatments that had little or no effect.
These days, however, many types of alternative medicine are considered to be well-established treatments, and some are even prescribed on the NHS!
With this in mind, we founded SafeAlternativeMedicine as we were concerned that there was no single UK site that gave practical and impartial advice on alternative therapies and treatments.
Our site explores everything from acupuncture to dealing with morning sickness to natural testicular cancer therapies. As well as investigating methods to treat serious conditions, we have also looked into natural ways to keep your skin looking younger and better, the Top Ten Essential Aromatherapy Oils, and the best anti-ageing nutrients.
Our authors have done extensive research to come up with a site that is both interesting and informative.
Do let us know if there is a therapy, treatment or herbal remedy that you would like investigate on the site, and we'll do our best to include it for you.
Our concern was that there was no single UK resource for interesting features and practical advice on this subject.
Our features and articles are written by experts - who have experience, or a particular interest in this area.
Our BackgroundSafeAlternativeMedicine was founded by John Rowlinson, the founder of PtS.
John, through PtS, is involved in a number of ventures including software and property companies. A percentage of revenue from these activities goes towards funding SafeAlternativeMedicine and a number of similar sites.
Our focus is simply on having experts create the highest quality information possible that is widely read.


text:
I don't know if Paula Radcliff does any of these exercises, but I guarantee you her glutes are stronger than mine, and that's part of how she gets the speed and endurance she is famous for (seen here leading the pack at the 2008 NYC Marathon).
Why should a runner care about having a strong butt? Dr. Jordan Metzl said, "I always say if you want to keep running, a strong butt is a key to a happy life." Why should we care what Dr. Metzl thinks? Something about being a sports medicine physician who's helped thousands of runners achieve success, developing the iron strength workout, and running multiple marathons (plus, he's also faster than me).
Now I don't have access to Dr. Metzl, but I do know Road Hazahd team member Julie Rapczynski. Julie has taught fitness classes for years, and has collected a bunch of workouts designed to help runners work their glutes. Here are some of them; check 'em out and give them a try!
1. Supine Bridges (Double and Single Leg)
Start by lying down on your back with your legs hip-width apart and feet relaxed, with heels pressed into the floor. Squeeze and activate your glutes to lift and extend your hips off the floor. Don't over-arch your spine, and keep your head and neck relaxed.
2. Clamshells
Lying on your side with knees flexed and feet together, open legs like a clamshell to activate your gluteus medius muscle. You can add resistance with a band for a greater challenge.
3. Squats
Stand tall in a bilateral stance, and push your hips and weight back into your heels as you sit back into an imaginary chair. Keep your spine neutral (don't collapse the upper body) and your knees tracking your toes.
4. Single-Leg Squats
Use a chair or a TRX (suspension training system) to assist you. Keep your standing foot relaxed as you push your hips back with your knee tracking the toes of your standing leg. Start by actually sitting down on the chair (unless you are using a TRX), and work your way up to barely tapping your gluteus to the chair. Single-leg work is a great way to feel which leg may be stronger/weaker and can help flush out imbalances in strength.
5. Step-Ups
Find a strong surface that has enough room for your foot to complete a single-leg step-up. Place your foot on a step or platform, and push the hips back to activate your glutes, pressing your heel into the platform. Step up until you are standing upright, with your hips underneath your shoulders and glutes engaged. Slowly step back to the floor. Keep your knee and hip angle at less than 90 degrees of flexion.
Photo copyright 2008 Tom Thai, used by Creative Commons Attribution License. All rights reserved by the photographer.


text:
The land of a Thousand Hills(Le Pays des Milles Collines) , Rwanda is a green undulating landscape of hills, gardens and tea plantations. Home to one third of the world remaining Mountain Gorillas, one third of Africa's bird species, several species of primates, volcanoes, game reserve, resorts and islands on the expansive lake Kivu. Place of visit while in Rwanda include: Tracking Mountain Gorillas; tracking mountain gorillas in the Parc National Volcans and it is well worth the trip, add on extra days to see the golden monkeys and trek to Dian Fossey's grave site.
Kigali; A safe, friendly capital city. Highlights include the Genocide Memorial Center, the fruit market and a ride on a motorbike taxi through town. Akagera National Park; see elephants, hippos and crocodiles in this attractive, recently rehabilitated, national park. Nyungwe National Park; home to 13 species of primate, this huge montane forest is where you can see chimps, colobus monkeys as well as lots of birds.


text:
The main "poster child" for such argument is Phil Anderson's "More Is Different" paper published quite a while back. Now comes a paper that strengthen Anderson's assertion that More Really Is Different.
Gu et al.[1] published a paper in which, using the 2D Ising model that simulates a cellular automata of magnetic spins.
Abstract: In 1972, P.W. Anderson suggested that 'More is Different', meaning that complex physical systems may exhibit behavior that cannot be understood only in terms of the laws governing their microscopic constituents. We strengthen this claim by proving that many macroscopic observable properties of a simple class of physical systems (the infinite periodic Ising lattice) cannot in general be derived from a microscopic description. This provides evidence that emergent behavior occurs in such systems, and indicates that even if a 'theory of everything' governing all microscopic interactions were discovered, the understanding of macroscopic order is likely to require additional insights.
A News and Views in Nature[2] this week article reviewing this paper explains it a little bit clearer for those of us not familiar with these 2D computation and the intricacies of cellular automata.
In their study, Gu et al. mapped the dynamics of a certain CA into the lowest-energy (ground) states of Ising models. In this framework, Figure 1 can now be interpreted as a snapshot of a two-dimensional spatial lattice of spins. They grouped spins into blocks that encode the logic operations needed to produce universal computation in the corresponding CA. They then defined the 'prosperity', p, of two-state systems as "the probability that a randomly chosen cell at a random time step is live" (live meaning state 1).
Using the computational properties of the CA, Gu and colleagues were able to show that p is undecidable for infinite, periodic Ising systems. They argued that, as a consequence, many macroscopic properties of an Ising system, including the system's magnetization and degeneracy (number of independent configurations) at zero temperature, depend on p and hence are also undecidable. Because Ising models have been used to describe not only magnetic materials but also neural activity, protein folding and bird flocking, the consequences of Gu and colleagues' results transcend both computer science and physics.
Nice stuff! This would be another compelling argument against reductionism and the fallacy of the "Theory of Everything".
[1] M. Gu et al., Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, v.238, p.835 (2009). Also see the arXiv version here.
[2] P.M. Binder Nature v.459, p.332 (2009).


text:
"The team of Michael Whipple
and Mark Esakoff is first-rate, and the performances by this
duo are first-rate examples of contemporary jazz within a world
music setting. Excellent." -Jazz Review, Vol. 168 / 2001
"For lovers of cordially
melodic music, these worthy musicians offer a sound of their
own." -All About Jazz, March 2003
"Bamboo Blue is simply too much fun. If these
cats didn't have a blast recording this album, I'd be shocked...
if you don't have a good time listening to this CD, get a
life, ya damn grouches!" -Zone Music
Reporter, June 2008
"Chasm has taken a very
passionate approach to their songs. There is a natural purity
of sound that has nothing to prove or an ego to boost up and
defend. This is the pure joy of sharing your art so that others
may take pleasure in it also. Check this one out." -Awareness
Magazine, July / August 2001
"Bamboo Blue is
definitely feel good music. You can dance to it and feel like
you are at a party in a Peter Sellers movie. If you are
looking for something a bit different, mellow, tropical in
feel, not trippy or introspective, here you have Chasms own
well-crafted sound." -Innerchange
Magazine, April / May 2008
Amiable, Good-Natured, Cheerful, Laid-Back, Mellow.
AllMusic Rating: 4 out of 5 Stars AllMusic
duo layers an impressive variety of instruments into a
continuous, cohesive musical fabric, resulting in a very
original piece." -Ourstage
Magazine, January 2011
"I give these folks a MOST HIGHLY RECOMMENDED... and
an 'EQ' (energy quotient) rating of 4.82 on a scale of
1-5" -Improvijazzation
Nation, Issue #98, January 2010
were immediately drawn to the aura that surrounded their sound. This band
represents the true definition of world music.
-St. Croix Music, January 2010
"Even after you've listened
to this CD (Panorhythmica) many times, its musical depth keeps
it fresh and engaging, as new melodies and beats continue to
emerge and amaze." -Spa Magazine, January / February 2002
"Bamboo Blue is
definitely an intriguing album. World fusion vibes, along with
slivers of 60s and 70s pop rock, mixed with smooth
jazz riffs make the music on the album very
entertaining." -BVS Reviews, May 2008
"A southern, warm weather kind of
jazz... good music for driving on a sunny day or chilling out
on the patio. All the musicians do
great work and the solos are not overlong or tedious."
-Bullfrog Music Reviews,
January 2009
back with a drink or three, relax, and enjoy this new musical
set by Chasm which, I'm sure you'll agree, even at fifty-three
and a half minutes will seem far too short."
-Lux Aeterna Music Reviews, February 2008
"Chasm draws you in to
an exuberant, joyful, and joy-filled presentation of World Fusion
music. A rhythmic, infectious beat calls for hands to clap and
feet to dance with bodies swaying and gyrating." -Wind
and Wire, February 2004
"The songs are filled with
complex rhythms and catchy melodies that hide exotic little
surprises throughout the album. You never know where this music
is going to take you until you get there." -Innerchange
Magazine, June / July 2002
"Loaded with hooks that
grab your attention and keep it." -New Age Voice, June
"When you feel like experiencing
an exotic tropical vacation without leaving your living room,
Chasm can arrange the perfect audio getaway." -Music
Web Express 3000, June 2001
"Sound and talent that
cannot help but delight both the masses and the most discriminating
music lover." -Spirit of Change, September / October 2001
© 2008-17 Sticks & Stones Music (BMI). All rights reserved.


text:
Don't you wish your desktop could be a little more colorful? Well with these super cute Washi tape pencils it can! Colorful patterns and bright colors are just the thing your desk needs to give it some pizzaz.
Check out these 3 ways to makeover your boring pencils with Washi tape!
These pencils are super easy so there are no step-by-step tutorials for this post! But have no fear, pictures of the pencils we made are here!
Aren't they just too cute to be true? Plus, the combination of Washi tape pencils and mason jars is a match made in craft heaven! Enjoy! :)


text:
Accepting requests Sun-Thur ONLY!!The at offers 16 luxurious rooms, featuring overstuffed down beds, comfortable sitting areas, and... Show More
Occidental, CA
13.93 miles away
Sommelier-led wine tours. A Michelin-starred restaurant. Rooms with curated wine refrigerators and feather beds. Owners so intimately connected to Sonoma that their story dates back five generations. This -... Show More
Forestville, CA
14.55 miles away
Our inn is located in the Russian River Wine Valley, of Sonoma County, just a half mile from the Russian River and a 15 minute drive along gorgeous vineyard country roads to the Healdsburg Square. Gently... Show More
Healdsburg, CA
14.72 miles away
We are an 8-room boutique inn located right in downtown , surrounded by the finest wineries of Napa Valley. You can walk to fine and casual dining,... Show More
St. Helena, CA
17.73 miles away
Celebrating the Art of Relaxation in scenic Calistoga. Choose from a variety of rooms sure to please the senses. Accommodations include complimentary continental breakfast delivered to your room. Suites and... Show More
Calistoga, CA
18.67 miles away
We are a boutique bed & breakfast inn located on the banks of the Russian River in West Sonoma's wine country. We are on scenic California Highway 116 just 20 miles west of Santa Rosa and 10 miles east of... Show More
Monte Rio, CA
18.81 miles away
Located one hour North of the Golden Gate bridge at the heart of the Russian River Valley Pinot growing region, this Sonoma Resort is a romantic, upscale wine country Bed and... Show More
Guerneville, CA
19.18 miles away
Enjoy the beauty of the Wine Country with a stay at 1083 , 1 bedroom, in Healdsburg, your private haven in the Wine Country. Come and experience... Show More
Healdsburg, CA
21.03 miles away
The a boutique hotel located in Healdsburg, just two blocks south of the Plaza. We are known for our great beds and... Show More
Healdsburg, CA
21.04 miles away
Welcome to the , a charming 1869 Italianate Victorian in California's Wine Country where Old World charm blends... Show More
Healdsburg, CA
21.35 miles away


text:
The UEFA 2016 Euro Cup: A Community Phenomenon
As an Australian, I both know nothing about and care to know nothing about soccer, or as the rest of the world calls it 'football'. So last week, when the phenomenon of the UEFA 2016 Euro Cup arrived on my doorstep, I was shocked to see the usually un-sporty city of Berlin transform into a team-scarf-wearing, flat-screen-watching, street-singing bunch of fair-weather football fans.
Naturally, I had to to see what all of the fuss was about. And whilst I still think soccer inspires greater levels of boredom than late night darts on TV, and simultaneously requires about as much physical endurance as late night snooker on TV, I can't help but succumb to the enjoyable street culture surrounding this otherwise uninteresting, month long event.
As Späti's and restaurants with outdoor seating turn into living rooms with large TV screens, crowds of people respond by flocking to the pavement, huddling around, yelling passionately and, more importantly, consuming from these establishments. As I walk by a local Thai-Vietnamese-Japanese fusion restaurant, the normally depressingly empty tables are instead filled with spectators happily eating their ramen/pad thai/phô. And further down the road the neighbouring Späti and Döner shop have combined forces providing drinks and food to each other's guests.
In workplaces across the continent, national rivalry strikes through Kicktipp competitions and jovial contests as the quiet guy in accounts unexpectedly finds his calling. Afternoon meetings make way for office viewing parties and flexible working locations, from beach bars to the banks of the Spree and every possible open space that can accommodate a projector screen.
In the evenings, murmurs of distant cheering and loud echo's of sports commentating fill the streets, crescendoing as the game progresses to half time and then full time, leaving no question about the score or lack thereof at the end of the match.
Whilst I look forward to the end of this foreign, typically un-Berlin event that leaves supermarket lines quiet between 7pm and 9pm and seats in non-participating bars free for me and my friends, I will miss the fun, calm air of comradely society (minus the English and Russian fans in France) that has infected our streets here in Berlin. At least for four more years.
To participate in the action, simply visit your local Späti, Vietnamese restaurant or café-restaurant-bar.
By Ella King


text:
- Autonomous region: Region of Murcia
- Province/Island: Murcia
- Municipality: Cartagena
- Town or city: Isla Plana
It is a beach where we can find all kinds of facilities, good restaurants and the odd hotel or two. You can walk from the beach to Plana Island, where there is a forest of palm trees and many other trees and bushes.
Type of beach
- Seafront promenade:
- Composition: Rock
- Conditions: Moderate waves,Strong waves
- Mooring berths:
- Vegetation:
- Protected space:
- Length: 20 (m)
Occupancy rate:
- Degree of urban development: Urban
- Marina: Cabo de Palos
- Distance to beach: 2 km.
- Litter bin
- Cleaning service
Accesses and safety
- Marina: Cabo de Palos
- Distance to beach: 2 km.


text:
Counterexamples to Modus Ponens?August 19, 2008
Moritz has a very interesting post on McGee's counterexample to modus ponens. One thing that came up in the comments was how things looked on the restrictor analysis of conditionals. On this view 'if' is not to be thought of syntactically as a connective, but rather as a device for restricting modals. The basic idea is, given a modal, O, and antecedent and consequent, p and q, 'if' allows us to restrict the domain of O to p-worlds. Roughly, 'if p, Oq' means that q is true in all the best O-accessible p-worlds. In this note I want to argue that the restrictor view will have to admit exceptions to modus ponens even for simple (non nested) conditionals.
Moritz points out that, since we are no longer dealing with a connective, it is not clear what counts as an instance of modus ponens. One reaction, then, might be to simply say that there are no instances of modus ponens for the English conditional; the rule is only applicable to connectives, so we should reserve the rule for formal connectives that behave in the right way syntactically. I think this is a little extreme – after all, modus ponens presumably originated from a rule of inference for natural language conditionals, and we seem to be able to recognise instances of it when we them in natural language reasoning.
On the syntactic understanding of modus ponens for connectives the rule is something like the following: from and infer (where is syntactically a connective.) Thus we can say, for example, that modus ponens holds for the intuitionist conditional, the Stalnaker conditional, even for classical conjunction, but not for classical disjunction, the reverse conditional () and so on. But even here we're not home and dry. We still need to be able to distinguish the antecedent from the consequent syntactically. Does modus ponens hold for the connective defined to have the same truth conditions as ? Depending on which counts as the antecedent, we get the material conditional or the material reverse conditional – MP holds for the former but not latter.
In short, I think an explicit syntactic characterisation of MP is not the correct way to go. For now I think we can just settle for a rule of thumb: if we can recognise it as in instance of modus ponens in English, then its underlying logical form forms the basis for an admissible syntactic characterisation for modus ponens. This allows us to characterise modus ponens even for syntactic items that aren't connectives. Indeed, if English conditionals really do have the logical form the restrictor analysis predicts, then the following schemas are plausible syntactic characterisations of MP. (Notation: if is an operator, is the new operator formed by restricting by .)
- From and , infer
- From and , infer
Now I'm not going to defend the claim that both of these form genuine rules that capture modus ponens for the English conditional. Rather, all I want is that there are no other candidate rules to fill this role which are remotely plausible. This can be argued for by brute force. We have no difficulty identifying the antecedent and the conditional, thus premisses are definitely as represented as above. Combinatorially, there are only four candidates for the conclusion that we can construct from the available items: p, q, , and . Clearly we can eliminate p and .
Let us start with (1). Since the type of 'if' is a relation between two propositions and an operator, (1) is only valid if no matter how we reinterpret p, q and the conclusion is true whenever the premises are. A related question, which will determine the answer above one, is to ask for what interpretations of is the above valid (i.e. fixing the interpretation of and varying only p and q.) It turns out (1) is valid relative to an interpretation of iff it has a reflexive accessibility relation. Let's consider just the direction of the biconditional that invalidates (1): it is perfectly possible for p to be true at a world w, and for q to be true at all the accessible p-worlds, and q false at w so long as w isn't among the accessible p-worlds. Since w is a p-world, it must be inaccessible – i.e. this happens when the accessibility relation isn't reflexive.
To illustrate, consider an example where the restricted modal isn't reflexive. The easiest cases to consider are doxastic and deontic modals.
- John's a murderer
- If John's a murderer, he ought to be in jail
- Therefore, John is in jail
This is a counterexample to (1), there is not enough evidence to put John away. You might object – surely this was not a plausible characterisation of modus ponens in the first place. What we should rather conclude from the first two premises is that John ought to be in jail. This is essentially an appeal to (2).
Unfortunately (2) admits counterexamples as well. Suppose there are accessible ~p worlds, where q is false, but q is true at all the accessible p worlds, and that p is true at the actual world. Certainly p is true, and is true because q is true in all the accessible p-worlds. However, is false, since there are accessible p-worlds where q is false.
Examples are difficult to conjure up, since modals are often sensitive to the conversational background. Whenever I assert p, I essentially restrict the -accessible worlds to p-worlds. Thus asserting and then invariably places us in a context according to which is true. Let us try anyway. Suppose that for all we know, Jones isn't in his office. So: it is not the case that Jones must be in his office. Be that as it may, if it is 3.00pm, Jones must be in his office, because we know his lunch break ends at 2.00pm. Suppose further that unbeknownst to us, it is be 3.00pm. That sounds like a consistent story right? But now if I assert them in the following order:
- It's 3.00pm
- If it's 3.00pm, then Jones must be in his office
- It's not the case that Jones must be in his office
the trio above sounds inconsistent. But strictly speaking they're all true, provided we keep the same context throughout.
What is interesting is that the McGee counterexamples, on a plausible syntactic analysis, form more convincing counterexamples to modus ponens on characterisation (2). For on a plausible syntactic analysis of nested conditionals, 'if p, if q, then must r' the inside conditional 'if q, then must r' has the form s = . Since s has the form operator:proposition, 'if p, s' is naturally read with 'if p' restricting the compound operator, rather than some covert modal. Thus the embedded conditional gets the form . Essentially we are doubly restricting . The resulting McGee example is not an instance of modus ponens on characterisation (1). However it does represent a failure for the rule (2), where the modal is the compound operator .


text:
"Max Payne" producer Scott Faye spoke with Kotaku about the upcoming film based on the classic "Duke Nukem" video game. Sadly nothing much in the way of new information:
"I'm working diligently at making a Duke Nukem movie scenario that will live up to the character and its [importance] in the videogame world. As is the case with all of my game adaptations, I'd rather not make the movie than make a poor adaptation" says Faye.
Faye claims he's still actively developing the story and he will not shop the film in Hollywood until all the people involved feel solid about where they are creatively.
He adds that "I'm working at establishing a Duke film scenario that will compel a studio to finance a feature version. Certainly, there's a large audience that knows and loves this character. More than ever before, I feel that the feature adaptation of Duke Nukem will come to together nicely."


text:
Our Juniors compete all across the South West each year, with some travelling further afield to compete at a higher level. Please see the links below for more information about some of these events:
INTOTri Cornwall Triathlon Series 2018
British Youth & Junior Super Series Competition Map 2018
For a comprehensive list of races in the South West this year, please see the following pdf document. If there are any events absent from this list, please do not hesitate to get in touch:
Racing Opportunities 2018
Age groups (age as of 31st Dec)
- Tri Start age 8
- Tri-Star 1 age 9-10
- Tri-Star 2 age 11-12
- Tri-Star 3 age 13-14
- Youths age 15 – 16
- Juniors age 17 – 19
For more information about racing in the South West and at a National level, please see the following links:
British Youth & Junior Super Series Website
Please see below for a competition kit list & example of how a transition could be laid out. These have been kindly put together by Juliet Paterson for our Juniors: