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The ins and outs of Autonomy Requirements Engineering
27 October 2015
Authors: Emil Vassev and Mike Hinchey, Lero, the Irish Software Research Centre, University of Limerick, Ireland; firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com
Traditionally, requirements engineering is concerned with what a system should do and within what constraints it must do it. Software requirements fall into two categories: functional and non-functional.
Along with traditional requirements, requirements engineering for autonomous and self-adaptive systems (e.g., exploration robots) needs to address requirements related to adaptation issues, in particular: 1) what adaptations are possible; 2) under what constraints; and 3) how those adaptations are realised [1]. Note that adaptations arise when a system needs to cope with changes to ensure that the system's objectives can be achieved.
To handle autonomy requirements, Lero, the Irish Software Research Centre, has developed the Autonomy Requirements Engineering (ARE) approach. ARE converts adaptation issues into autonomy requirements where Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering (GORE) [2] is used along with a model for Generic Autonomy Requirements (GAR) [1].
In the course of this project, ARE was applied to a proof-of-concept case study, to capture autonomy requirements of the European Space Agency's BepiColombo Mission [3].
Autonomy Requirements Engineering
ARE is as a software engineering process helping to 1) determine what autonomic features are to be developed for a particular autonomous system; and 2) generate autonomy requirements supporting those features. Being a comprehensive and efficient approach, ARE takes into account all the autonomy aspects of the targeted system and emphasises special self-*requirements [1].
The process of capturing autonomy requirements relies on GORE [2] first, to elicit and define the system goals, and then uses a special framework called Generic Autonomy Requirements (GAR) [1, 4] to derive and define assistive and eventually alternative goals (or objectives) the system may pursue in the presence of factors threatening the achievement of the initial system goals.
In addition, GAR also helps to identify goal-supporting autonomy requirements. Once identified, the autonomy requirements, including self-*objectives, can be further specified with formal languages complying with both GORE and GAR. The outcome of ARE (goals models, requirements specification, etc) is a precursor for the design of autonomic features.
Figure 1 presents a high-level view of the autonomy requirements process imposed by ARE.
GAR considers that the development of autonomous systems is driven by self-adaptive objectives and adaptation-assistive attributes, which introduce special requirements termed self-*requirements [1, 4]:
- Autonomicity (self-*objectives): autonomicity is one of the essential characteristics of autonomous systems. The self-*objectives provide for autonomous behaviour (e.g., self-configuring, self-healing, self-optimising, and self-protecting);
- Knowledge: an autonomous system is intended to possess awareness capabilities based on well-structured knowledge and algorithms operating over the same;
- Awareness: a product of knowledge representation, reasoning and monitoring;
- Monitoring: the process of obtaining raw data through a collection of sensors or events;
- Adaptability: the ability to achieve change in observable behaviour and/or structure. Adaptability may require changes in functionality, algorithms, system parameters, or structure. The property is amplified by self-adaptation;
- Dynamicity: the technical ability to perform a change at runtime. For example, a technical ability to remove, add or exchange services and components;
- Robustness: the ability to cope with errors during execution;
- Resilience: a quality attribute prerequisite for resilience and system agility. Closely related to safety, resilience enables systems to bounce back from unanticipated disruptions;
- Mobility: a property demonstrating what moves in the system at design time and runtime.
Note that ARE requires GAR to be put in the operational context of the system in question first, to derive context-specific GAR used by the ARE process.
The BepiColombo case study
BepiColombo is an ESA mission to Mercury [3, 6, 7, 8] (see main image) scheduled for launch in 2017. BepiColombo will perform a series of scientific experiments, tests and measures. For example, BepiColombo will make a complete map of Mercury at different wavelengths. Such a map will chart the planet's mineralogy and elemental composition.
Other experiments will be to determine whether the interior of the planet is molten or not and to investigate the extent and origin of Mercury's magnetic field.
The space segment of the BepiColombo mission consists of two orbiters: a Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO) and a Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter (MMO). Initially, these two orbiters will be packed together into a special composite module used to bring both orbiters into their proper orbits.
Moreover, in order to transfer the orbiters to Mercury, the composite module is equipped with an extra electric propulsion module, both forming a transfer module. The transfer module is intended to do the long cruise from Earth to Mercury by using the electric propulsion engine and the gravity assists of Moon, Venus and Mercury.
On arrival in January 2024, the MPO and MMO will be captured into polar orbits. When approaching Mercury in 2022, the transfer module will be separated and the composite module will use rocket engines and a technique called weak stability boundary capture to bring itself into polar orbit around the planet.
When the MMO orbit is reached, the MPO will separate and lower its altitude to its own operational orbit. Note that the environment around Mercury imposes strong requirements on the spacecraft design, particularly for those parts exposed to the Sun and Mercury: solar array mechanisms, antennas, multi-layer insulation, thermal coatings and radiators.
Experiments related to planet-wide remote sensing and radio science
The Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO) is a three-axis-stabilised spacecraft pointing at nadir. The spacecraft will revolve around Mercury at a relatively low altitude and will perform a series of experiments related to planet-wide remote sensing and radio science.
MPO will be equipped with two rocket engines nested in two propulsion modules, respectively: a solar electric propulsion module (SEPM) and a chemical propulsion module (CPM). Moreover, to perform scientific experiments, the spacecraft will carry a highly sophisticated suite of instruments [9].
By applying GORE, we built goals models that later helped us derive and organise the autonomy requirements for BepiColombo by defining 1) the objectives of the mission that must be realised in 2) the system's operational environment (space, Mercury, proximity to the Sun, etc.), and by identifying 3) the problems that exist in this environment as well as 4) the immediate targets supporting the mission objectives and 5) constraints the system needs to address.
Moreover, GORE helped us identify the mission actors (mission spacecraft, spacecraft components, environmental entities, base station, etc.).
The BepiColombo mission falls in the category of interplanetary missions [4] and consequently inherits the context-specific GAR model for such missions [4]. Good practice would be to associate the autonomy requirements with each objective (or group of objectives). Thus, we could have autonomy requirements (including self-*objectives) associated with the transfer objective, the orbit-placement objective and with the group of scientific objectives [5].
For example, the orbit-placement objective is to place both MMO and MPO into their operational orbits around Mercury. When approaching Mercury, the BepiColombo transfer module will be separated by releasing the module's SEPM. Then, the BepiColombo composite module will use the MMO's rocket engines (mainly the CPM) and the weak stability boundary capture mechanism to move the spacecraft into polar orbit around Mercury. When the MMO orbit is reached, the MPO will separate and lower its altitude to its own operational orbit.
To derive the autonomy requirements assisting that objective, we had to identify the appropriate category of GAR that can be applied. Considering the orbit-placement objective, the BepiColombo mission falls into the category of interplanetary missions using low-thrust trajectories [4].
Such missions use spacecraft for orbit control activities in geostationary orbits, drag compensation in low orbits, planetary orbit missions and missions to comets and asteroids. These missions often have a complex mission profile utilising ion propulsion in combination with multiple gravity-assist manoeuvres (similar to BepiColombo).
Therefore, by considering the orbit-placement objective specifics, we derived the autonomy requirements for that objective, by applying GAR for interplanetary missions using low-thrust trajectories [4].
Following the ARE process, next we merged the self-*requirements derived by GAR with the goals models produced by GORE, to derive self-*objectives providing mission behaviour alternatives with respect to the BepiColombo mission objectives.
The ARE approach relies on the GORE technique to elicit and define the system goals, and then applies a special GAR model to derive and define assistive and often alternative goals the system may pursue in the presence of factors threatening the achievement of the initial system goals. Once identified, the autonomy requirements might be further specified with a proper formal notation.
This approach has been used in a joint project with ESA on identifying the autonomy requirements for ESA's BepiColombo mission. We presented a case study where ARE was applied by putting GAR in the context of space missions to derive autonomy requirements and goals models incorporating autonomicity via self-*objectives.
[1] E. Vassev and M. Hinchey, "The Challenge of Developing Autonomic Systems", IEEE Computer, IEEE Computer Society, 43 (12), 2010, pp. 93–96.
[2] A. Van Lamsweerde, "Requirements Engineering in the Year 00: A Research Perspective", Proceedings of the 22nd IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE-00), ACM, 2000, pp. 5–19.
[3] R. Grard, M. Novara, and G. Scoon, BepiColombo – A Multidisciplinary Mission to a Hot Planet, ESA Bulletin, ESA, 103, 2000, pp. 11–19.
[4] E. Vassev and M. Hinchey, "On the Autonomy Requirements for Space Missions", Proceedings of the 16th IEEE International Symposium on Object/Component/Service-oriented Real-time Distributed Computing Workshops (ISCORCW 2013), IEEE Computer Society, 2013, to appear.
[5] E. Vassev and M. Hinchey, "Autonomy Requirements Engineering: A Case Study on the BepiColombo Mission", Proceedings of the C* Conference on Computer Science & Software Engineering (C3S2E '13), ACM, 2013, to appear.


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Monthly Archives: June 2016
Rails command line options I hardly ever use.
Originally posted on Learning shall never stop..!!!:
This is the blog post about few things in Rails command line that I hardly ever use. rake notes Left a comment like #FIXME or #TODO on a method, but never actually end…
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subset: commoncrawl


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What some in the North Carolina Republican Party thought was a ingenious way to rally the Christofascists in the party so as to sweep them to re-election in November is now looking more likely to sweep them out of office, especially Gov. Pat McCrory who appears to be falling further behind in the polls with every passing day. McCrory is trying to play the victim of an over reaching Washington, D.C., but other than rabid Christofascist simpletons, most North Carolina residents do not seem to be suckered into support for McCrory and his party that are now defined by anti-LGBT bigotry. A piece in Politico looks at how the North Carolina GOP seemingly out smarted itself by a mile. Here are excerpts:
Republicans in North Carolina are increasingly worried that the state's new "bathroom law" blocking protections for the LGBT community will cost the GOP dearly in November's elections.
They say the reason is simple: The party that took over North Carolina as champions of small government is now seen by moderate voters as the party of the bathroom police.
Republican lawmakers and strategists in the state say the GOP is badly losing the public relations battle over House Bill 2, the law banning local nondiscrimination ordinances, which Gov. Pat McCrory signed in March. That trend only worsened Monday, when U.S. Attorney General Loretta Lynch called the law "state-sponsored discrimination" and compared it to Jim Crow-era laws while announcing new legal action.
The GOP argument that the law is about public safety has been overrun by a coalition including some of America's biggest businesses, which says HB2 discriminates against transgender people by, among other things, forcing them to use bathrooms that may not correspond to their gender identities — and the law has come to define the Republican Party in North Carolina.
"The reality is that HB2 hurts," said state Rep. Charles Jeter, the GOP lawmaker responsible for maintaining his party's majority in the state legislature. "It doesn't matter that I'm opposed to it or that I've called for its repeal … because the mailer to voters [in my race] is going to say that I was a part of the Republican majority that passed the most discriminatory bill in the state. HB2 is going to have reverberations for our party no matter what we do, in November and probably beyond that."
[T]he strategist said. "Republicans could lose their veto-proof majority in one or both [legislative] chambers, with a cloud of uncertainty surrounding the governor's race."
McCrory has staunchly defended the law, especially after the Department of Justice told the state last week that it was in violation of the Civil Rights Act and Title IX, jeopardizing billions of dollars in federal funding.
"Had [McCrory] been a strong leader, he still could've fixed this," Cooper said. "He could've vetoed the legislation and said it was too broad and it would hurt our economy, like Gov. Nathan Deal did in Georgia, but he chose not to."
The Democratic Governors Association started airing TV ads last month targeting McCrory and Republicans for "taking North Carolina backwards," highlighting economic fallout as companies like PayPal have backtracked on planned expansion in North Carolina since McCrory signed the law.
[O]ther North Carolina Republicans have been eager to keep the conversation on HB2 going because it is popular in rural areas of the state, which have become GOP bastions as the Democratic Party has shifted into the growing cities and melting-pot suburbs.
"When I saw [HB2], I could not believe they were going to pass that legislation," Cooper said. "I spoke out immediately and said discrimination was wrong, period. We should not write discrimination into our law and it was going to hurt our economy, but they passed it anyway and the governor signed it that night, and that has come true."
Perhaps the most amazing thing about HB2 is that it is a self-inflicted wound for the North Carolina GOP. Its sole purpose was to pander to Christofascists - a group that more and more Americans are rightly being seen as motivated solely by hate and bigotry - with no thought of the likely repercussions. I continue to believe that North Carolina needs to be crucified if you will so that no other state will ever opt to embrace anti-LGBT bigotry again.


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Writing. It's a constant. I think about it. Read about it. Dream about it. And even when I'm not publicly publishing it, I am all about it. Eighty Sophomore English Language Arts learners (here after phrased as the ELA Eighty) are dependent on me for it. No joke. High school diplomas lay in waiting on account of me doing something about writing — And I am speaking about my 'writing'. Not theirs.
To inspire My ELA Eighty to craft, I craft, too. If I'm not crafting, why should they be? Simply put: They shouldn't be. And they are less likely too. BOTTOM LINE.
"Halt!" my fellow-educator-over-worked-colleagues say, "That's a hefty expectation considering how much grading I have; what about family; what about 'me-time' What about the LAUNDRY!?"
Respectfully, I'm SO with you on these points. To take care of all life's demands, someone still needs to invent the time machine. The Fall Festival, homemade Shepard's Pie (the only kind my picky nine-year old eats), writing Teacher SMART goals — were all on the 'demands list' this week.
To add to it, Wednesday night I built a Monster Tree!
(inspired from When a Monster Calls for my read aloud session in the school library on Friday afternoon).
Then, Thursday night, after the nine-year old's Fall Festival, I read and commented on the ELA Eighty's Scary Poems (more on that in a moment) — Oh, distant hills were a' calling: "Run, sweetheart, RUN!"
Sprinting would have been an option, if it wasn't for one thing: the Green Eyed Monster named 'Jealousy' that intrudes as I watch my students' crafting experience.
There, I admit it. Jealousy often motivates me to craft. NO! Not envy of 'great' writing, hell, no! — I'm happy drifting towards average — Jealousy over the Process.
As an ELA teacher, nothing excites me more than reading and sharing amazing phrases, like these by Maya Angelou: "Just like moons and like suns/With the certainty of tides/ Just like hopes springing high/Still I'll rise" (from her poem "Still I Rise").
Instead, I'm jealous of the "look of writing" that forms on faces engaged in crafting: it's called 'flow".
Also, I'm jealous of the struggle of writing (trust me, I detest struggle), the: "I'm trying to figure out, over a series of hours and days what I really want to say!"
And I'm jealous over the "opportunity of writing", called: "FORCED OPPORTUNITY!"
You may know it as this experience: "I really don't want to, but I have to". It's an academic catalyst that sounds like, "I have this assignment to write for Professor Ortega…" It's that "something is hanging over my head feeling". Sounds familiar, right? Sounds just like the five loads of laundry waiting for you feeling, right?
Speaking of "flow", sitting to write has different expressions for different writers.
Here's a few Pros interpretations:
Brenda Ueland equates it with "stringing beads in kindergarten — happy, absorbed and quietly putting one bead on after another" (from If You Want to Write).
Martha Beck calls it 'deep practice' in her Light into Light course (I took it over a period of four months).
Julia Cameron calls it, "the thrill of chasing anything with words" (from The Right to Write).
Elizabeth Gilbert equates it with, "sneaking off to see your lover and making out with each other like crazy" (from Big Magic).
And An English Teacher's Interpretation:
I equate it to being a spring chick inside an egg, poking and prodding to get free: pushing through life's barriers (like Shepard's Pie, laundry, and SMART goals ) to birth poems, essays, speeches that I never knew I had energy to birth.
So how do I stomp out "flow" jealousy? When I assign the ELA Eighty writing, I assign it to myself, too. Hell, living with a green-eyed monster is just so non-productive.
So, as I write along side my students,
I trade in Jealousy for Inspiration.
I trade Frustration for Compassion. That feels kinder, happier. Productive.
And this week, my students and I reflected on Author's Craft: italics for emphasis, repetition for remembrance, and description for visualization — we wove these techniques into our assignment: Write a Scary Poem (it's October in New England — full swing for Halloween).
And as I mixed in making PEP commentary on their rhyming lines,
I wrote a poem, too.
And, it happened! I was 'alive'!
As I rhymed about my fear of Frankenstein, I was transformed. I became bug-eyed Igor, the evil doctor's assistant – yes, the funny Mel Brooks version – eyes protruding, hunched over, viewing the electrified creature rising. Too stout to run for distant hills, Igor faints, half out off fear, half out of amazement, as the deceased-parted beast rages.
And transformation also happened for the ELA Eighty, too: visceral fear! Red headed clowns attacked them, bullies in allies beat them, wrinkles withered them, monsters ripped flesh from their bones, and, the most dreaded of all Cell PHONES alluded them!
They laughed, they cringed, they complained – but they were "chasing words".
And you know what, there wasn't a hint of envy in that room.
Because we were all "Making out with an idea". Hell, yes!!
You ask, high school diplomas
will be gained
by me crafting
a scary monster moment?
Sounds too simple, right. Maybe it is that simple. Maybe not.
But I risk more than diplomas when I don't write, as I instruct the ELA Eighty. Because every time I write with the ELA Eighty, I trade in 'jealousy' for 'inspiration'! And inspiration is SO productive.
And, I certainly trade in finished and folded laundry
for my little "quips of imagery and imagination"!
Rewards do come in different shapes and sizes!
On Tuesday next week, the classroom will be transformed into "The Scary Café". The ELA Eighty will arrive, final draft of fearful poems in hand. We will read aloud, open mic style, our monstrous musings.
Anticipatory goose bumps mark my skin as I envision it!
I can't predict how many will read aloud (this first coffee house reading is all about the 'choice'). I can't predict how much fun we will have. But I can certainly say that the ELA Eighty, and their penning 'professora' will be productively present.
You know who won't be?
The Green-Eyed Monster!
Stomp! Stomp! Stomp!
Blessings and Peace to you and ALL your Crafting Endeavors,
Pamela Rae


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Residents of the Bridge to Nowhere: Desert Big Horn Sheep
Scientific Name: Ovis canadensis nelsoni
The Bridge to Nowhere is a source of adventure for thrill seekers, hikers, friends, and family. But it is also the home to the majestic desert big horn sheep. The big horn sheep are an endangered species. In fact, in 1980 there were estimated to be only 740 left in the Angeles forest. Fortunately, since then the fish and game commission, along with the US forest department and the help of many volunteers have developed conservation strategies to help save the dying breed. One part of that strategy was to create a wilderness area within the National Forest specifically designated to these beautiful animals. It just so happens that the Bridge to Nowhere property falls directly in the center of this wilderness area.
In other words, bring your camera with you on your visit! Sometimes you can see as many as 12 big horn sheep at a time! From young lams to old rams, these gorgeous creatures are absolutely amazing to see up close in the wild. The best months to see them are November through March.
Here's a tip: If you see rocks falling down a mountainside, (first make sure your in a safe area) then follow the rocks up in a straight line with your hand. Odds are you'll find the culprit who will most likely be a Big Horn Sheep.
This is yet another reason to come out to the Bridge and truly experience the magic of the Angeles Forest. We'll see you out there!Post by Bryce Jensen
The post Lookout for Big Horns! appeared first on Bungee America.


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ISLAMABAD - Recommending the government to consolidate all energy sector functions under a single Ministry of Energy, Petroleum Institute of Pakistan has said that energy sector is in a state of crisis and over the past few years it has negatively impacted the social and economic development of the country. Consumption of indigenous natural gas has grown rapidly in all sectors of the economy (residential, commercial, industrial, transport and power) over the past 15 years, driven by growing availability of gas and a low, government-controlled gas price as compared with alternate fuel prices. As a result, Pakistan has developed a vast natural gas transmission and distribution network across the country. However Pakistans indigenous natural gas reserves are declining and a low gas price has become a significant disincentive in attracting new gas supplies, either through increased domestic exploration activities or via imports of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) or regional gas pipeline imports. If current gas policies persist, Pakistans natural gas supply is expected to decline from 4 billion cubic feet per day (bcfd) in 2010/11 to less than 1 bcfd by 2025/26. This will lead to a growing gas/ energy shortfall reaching 8 bcfd (over 50 million TOEs) by 2025/26 and will depress Pakistans average GDP growth rate over the next 15 years, Pakistan Energy Outlook (2010/11 to 2025/26) says, adding, that the government-controlled power sector in Pakistan, one of the largest consumers of primary energy, is facing growing problems due to an unrealistic power tariff, high inefficiencies, low payment recovery and the inability of the government to manage its subsidies mechanism. This has led to a serious circular debt issue, which is becoming a barrier for future energy sector investments. This Pakistan Energy Outlook document has also recommended that natural gas pricing be made compatible with pricing of replacement fuels in different sectors (LPG, fuel oil, LNG/pipeline imports) via an enhanced gas surcharge while pricing for new natural gas supplies, both domestic and imports, be de-regulated. Similarly, pricing slabs be abolished, with a single natural gas price for all volumes. Further, the state-controlled natural gas sector is being used for political leverage, resulting in over-commitment of gas supply leading to natural gas shortages and increasing natural gas theft is reaching alarming proportions so it is recommended that the existing gas utilities be unbundled and a single state-controlled natural gas transmission company be created for transmitting gas on an open-access basis. Natural gas distribution and marketing be privatised to multiple gas companies to provide improved business discipline and customer management while a competitive gas market be created with de-regulated prices and open-access to the gas distribution grids for third-party gas suppliers. Natural gas theft should be declared a non-bailable offence with a high penalty. Additionally, it was also recommended that Exploration and Production (E&P) sector be progressively de-regulated and, as a first step, be allowed to sell new natural gas discoveries at market-based pricing. E&P sector be able to sell natural gas directly to consumers via open access to the gas transmission and distribution grids. Merchant LNG import terminals should be set-up by the private sector, under capacity-utilisation guarantees by the government for an initial period, to enable early spot/ short-term LNG imports and the import terminals to be openly accessible to create a competitive LNG market. Development of parts should be undertaken by the government on a fast-track basis to provide accessibility for large-sized LNG vessels. The single national power tariff be disbanded and de-centralised to the multiple power distribution & marketing companies (DISCOs) to reflect the true power costs in different parts of the country. The power tariff for each distribution company should be de-regulated, with no pricing slabs and no government subsidy. A competitive power market should be created through open access to the distribution grids for all power suppliers. High-voltage power transmission to continue being a government responsibility via the state-controlled NTDC, with open-access for all power suppliers. All thermal power generation based on oil, gas and coal to be in the private sector, and the state-owned thermal power plants privatised. The thermal power plants to be operated in a competitive market with no requirement of government support. Further, hydel and nuclear power generation to remain a state responsibility, and their tariffs to be adjusted to provide funds for building new capacity. Pricing and margins of the main transport fuels be de-regulated and the regulatory authority should be tasked with ensuring fair competition. It was also recommended that minimum specifications for fuels quality in Pakistan should be progressively aligned with international specifications. A Thar Coal Development Master-plan should be formulated with international support, setting out the long-term road map for the use of Thar coal. Government to urgently allocate funds for key infrastructure development for the Thar coalfields. The Government should initiate a strategic dialogue for development of Thar Coal reserves with potential international investors. Furthermore, capability of local refineries should be enhanced through time-bound fiscal support to enable them to produce better-quality fuels. All energy sector functions of the government must be consolidated under a single Ministry of Energy to facilitate long-term energy sector investments. So a single Energy Regulatory Authority should be created to manage the proposed de-regulation of the energy market in Pakistan. It is worth mentioning here that primary energy consumption in Pakistan has grown by almost 80 percent over the past 15 years, from 34 million tons oil equivalent (TOEs) in 1994/95 to 61 million TOEs in 2009/10 and has supported an average GDP growth rate in the country of about 4.5 percent per annum. However, since 2006/07 energy supply has been unable to meet the countrys demand leading to shortages. Meanwhile per capita energy consumption in Pakistan at under 0.5 TOEs/ capita remains only one-third of world average. However, indigenous natural gas being the largest source of energy supply in Pakistan is contributing 27.7 million TOEs (45.4percent) in 2009/10, followed by oil products, mainly imports, at 21.3 million TOEs (34.9 percent), hydel power at 7.5 million TOEs (12.3 percent), coal, mainly imports, at 3.7 million TOEs (6.1 percent) and nuclear power at 0.8 million TOEs (1.3 percent). It is also unlikely that Pakistan will be able to substantially develop its other indigenous energy sources of hydel power and coal by 2025/26 under current policies, and the energy import requirements of the country may grow from the present 30 percent to over 75 percent of the energy mix by 2025/26 costing over $50 billion per annum in foreign exchange.
Ahmad Ahmadani
September 08, 2011


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Internet Explorer 10's Control Buttons
Internet Explorer (or almost any web browser) is one of the simplest applications on the planet to use, requiring only three or four buttons to operate most of the necessary functions. Just in case you were never properly introduced to all the control buttons in Internet Explorer 10, they include those listed here.
Back: With a click or tap of the Back button, Internet Explorer returns to the last page you visited, and each subsequent use of the Back button takes you one more page back. You can also press Alt+<– on your keyboard to move backward. If you're using a touchscreen PC, you can flick to the right across the screen.
Forward: If you click Back, you need a way to return, right? Click the Forward button to go to the next page (or pages) where you originally were, in forward order. From the keyboard, you can press Alt+→ to move forward. If you're using a touchscreen PC, you can flick to the left across the screen.
If you notice that the Back button is disabled (grayed out), you haven't visited at least two sites yet. If the Forward button is disabled, you haven't used the Back button yet.
Mouse users can click to move forward and back in the web app as well — hover your cursor over the middle left or middle right edge of the screen to display ghostly Back and Forward buttons!
Refresh: Clicking the Refresh button (the curly arrow to the right of the Address field) reloads the contents of the current web page, which allows the web server to update the page with any new information. (This button is helpful for connections to news sites, like CNN.com.) You can press F5 to refresh as well.
Stop: This option is wonderfully self-explanatory. If a page is loading, the Refresh button turns into a Stop button (which looks like an X), and you can click it to cancel a page from loading. Pressing Esc does the same job from the keyboard.
Add to Favorites bar: Click this button to add the current site to the Favorites bar (which appears right next to the button). (Note that the Favorites bar must be enabled for this button to appear.)
Favorites Center: Click the Favorites Center button to display the Favorites Center (available only in the Desktop version), or press Alt+C.
Suggested Sites: If you've turned on your Favorites bar in the Desktop version, you can click this button to display suggested sites you might enjoy based upon the sites you visit most often. (Favorites appear in the web app when you begin typing in the Address bar.) To turn on Suggested Sites, display the Favorites Center and click the Turn On Suggested Sites button at the bottom of the Favorites Center.
Web Slice Gallery: If you've turned on your Favorites bar in the Desktop version, this list displays the Web Slices you've selected from web pages with updated content.
RSS Feeds: If you've turned on your Command bar in the Desktop version, clicking this button displays any RSS feeds available from the current site. Click the small arrow next to the RSS Feeds button to display (and choose from) the major feed headings.
Read Mail: If you've installed Windows Live Mail 2012 on your PC, you can click this button to jump directly to the Mail window.
Tabs: These nifty controls make it easy to peruse multiple websites — you can click or tap a tab to immediately switch to that site in the Content window.
Pin Site: Offered only on the web app version, a click on this button pins a tile for the current web page on your Windows 8 Start screen.
Home: Click this button (available only in the Desktop version) to immediately jump to your home page. From the keyboard, press Alt+Home.
Tools/Page Tools: Within the Desktop version, the items on this toolbar menu button (which bears a gear icon) allow you to switch to a full-screen display, delete your history file (which indicates where you've been in past browsing sessions), save a web page to disk, print, and find text on the page.
Within the web app, the Page Tools button allows you to find text on the page and download Windows 8 apps for the current site (if the site offers one).
Help: If the Help button (which bears a white question mark in a blue circle) doesn't appear on your Command bar, don't panic — just click the double right arrows that appear next to the Tools button, to display "the rest of the Command bar!" (Yep, this is what happens when you have too many buttons in too little space.)
Anyway, you find on the Help menu all the high-quality online help you've come to expect from Microsoft.
To display a short one- or two-word description of an Address bar or control button, just leave your mouse pointer motionless over the button for a second or two.


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23 Apr ? You Need Less for Retirement Than Previously Thought
The conventional rule of thumb for retirement savings has been that you'll need annual income equal to 80% of your current gross income, assuming that you can survive on your current level of income. So, for an individual earning $50,000 per year, conventional wisdom was that he would need $40,000 per year of retirement. Well, now the Financial Planning Association has restated the suggested method for determining adequate retirement income.
The FPA, in its recent report, suggests that individuals should give themselves credit for every dollar they save. For instance, if the $50,000 earner saves 10% of her salary, she is actually living on $45,000 per year. Therefore, according to the report, she needs $36,000 per year in retirement.
The shift in thinking seems obvious, but the real challenge for the working middle class is saving any money at all. According to a recent survey, 70% of working Americans plan to continue to work full- or part-time for pay following retirement from their main job. In many cases, insurmountable debt is the reason for the need to continue work. Massive individual debt retards one's ability to save, and when it comes to saving for retirement, earlier is better than later. A 45 year old with no savings will need to save twice as much as a 25 year old to make up for his late start.
This is why bankruptcy is not a cure. Like a hammer, it is but one tool needed to repair financial hardship. If you are considering bankruptcy, discuss with your attorney, CPA and financial planner an overall strategy that also decreases expenses while increasing savings and income.
Latest posts by Chip Parker, Esq. (see all)
- Can I Lower My Car Payment in Bankruptcy? - April 15, 2017
- How Will Bankruptcy Affect My Credit? - March 28, 2017
- Will the Mortgage Forgiveness Debt Relief Act be extended? - January 18, 2017
- How will my bankruptcy affect my spouse's credit? - February 15, 2016
- Bankruptcy is an excellent retirement strategy - January 15, 2016


text: I'm a little amazed it took me this long to get to a Kurosawa film on the whiteboard. The man was a pillar of film and his masterpiece Seven Samurai has been mined and regurgitated by the Hollywood machine more times than I care to go into. We've all seen films where a helpless village hires outsiders to come in and help them deal with oppressors. It's a classic tale that was made classic because of Kurosawa. So, in a way, we have Kurosawa to thank for The Three Amigos. Just let that sink in for a second.


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"thanks very much for your help, ive got a scan next tuesday maybe they can shed some light, i havent got another midwives app till 4 weeks but i'll go to my doctor! thanks again ladies"
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You are adept at spellcasting when threatened or distracted.
Benefit: You get a +4 bonus on concentration checks made to cast a spell or use a spell-like ability when casting on the defensive or while grappled.
Section 15: Copyright Notice
Pathfinder RPG Core Rulebook. Copyright 2009, Paizo Publishing, LLC; Author: Jason Bulmahn, based on material by Jonathan Tweet, Monte Cook, and Skip Williams.


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|Our School in France
|Sample homework assignment in CP/1st grade - Sept.
|Fun Carnival at the Maternelle
|Our School in France
|Sample homework assignment in CP/1st grade - Sept.
|Fun Carnival at the Maternelle
Jennie, I love reading your blogs! I think it is so awesome that you are recording all of this for your girls and that they can have it for their own children. I would love to read a post from their point of view especially on the schooling. Hopefully they have been keeping their own journals of their experiences too, that will be wonderful for them to share with their kids one day.ReplyDelete
Thank you Vicki - It's definitely become a labor of love. I love your idea about having the kids write a post...I have spoken to my oldest about writing a post - she wants to - but for her, it's about finding the time. Thank you again for your comments - love getting feedback!Delete
What a brilliant post - so well explained and lots to think about - so many people say "oh they'll soon pick it up" but I always think that's alright for you to say you haven't got to spend 8 hours a day not understanding 95% of what's being said. Ultimately your children are really living the ex-pat experience more than the adult ever will and you are were so right to consider every possible option rather than just having the attitude they'll be fine. I'm sure your daughter's will think the same and thank you when they're older xReplyDelete
Thank you for your kind words. It's so nice to hear from readers and get such nice feedback. Yes, we all grow from experiences that are challenging and yes, I hope one day my girls will fully appreciate their experience living here. It took a lot of courage to move us here...but deep inside, I know it'a worth it.Delete
Thanks for this story, I am so interested in how French schools operate in France. My kids go to French school in the U.S. I love to compare the similarities.ReplyDelete
You are welcome. It's funny -when we were in the middle of it...you just keep plodding through. Only recently, when a friend asked me how & why we chose our schools - did I think realize how different they are to US schools and choices there. Glad you enjoyed the post - come back and visit again soon.Delete
Hi, Jennifer,
My husband and I are preparing to spend next year in France with our two boys who will be in (U.S.) grades 6 and 3 next year. It will be a sabbatical year for us, so just one year away from our home in Vermont (we live in Middlebury, just a little way from Saratoga). The three cities under consideration are Bordeaux, Lyon & Paris. We're leaning toward Bordeaux, but my husband's grant funding will be the ultimate determinant of where we end up.
Thank you very much for sharing your perspective on immersing your girls in the public schools, as that is what we plan to do with our boys next year. I'm full of trepidation about the initial storms this will bring, but we're fairly resolute in the knowledge that this will be good for them in the end, and we expect that it will be worth the difficulty we'll all experience in the first few months.
If, in fact, we do end up coming to Bordeaux, I'd love to chat with you about schools, neighborhoods for families, etc.
Thank you for your wonderful blog! I've so enjoyed learning about your experiences in France through your wonderful, colorful posts!
Jen - You are very welcome - my blog has become my labor of love - truly love and passion. It's been fun to both document and share our experiences. Middlebury...yes, so close to Saratoga. (& to my Alma mater - Mount Holyoke College in MA) .miss the Fall foliage and the pumpkins!! Yes, by all means, if you end up in Bordeaux - definitely contact me -(my email is located on my about me page). In Bordeaux, we also have a very active English speaking women's club which has been a blessing for me to balance my English-speaking side. Just a little FYI - Paris is much more expensive to live than Bordeaux...not too sure about Lyon. Even if you end up in another part of France - stay in touch. Best of luck to you and your family. Thank you for your kind comments.Delete
Thank you, Jennifer! I will definitely keep in touch and will let you know if we're on our way to Bordeaux. I'm not-so-secretly hoping that we'll end up there for the year. We should have a clearer sense of our location within the next few months.
I just wrote a message but I'm not sure if it got posted. First time Blog replier :-)ReplyDelete
Katrin....the message didn't get posted...can't seem to find it....feel free to email me at email@example.com - Have a great day!Delete
I know that you wrote this post a long time ago. How similar it is to our experience. We moved to France when the kids were in cp, CE1, 6ème and 5ème. What similar choices you made, and so funny now to read the fears and worries that we also had five years ago. I shall look forward to reading more when I get a few minutes!ReplyDelete
Hi Jennifer, I also enjoyed reading your post. Schooling is very subjective, what works for one may not work for another! We had a similar experience -French/Australian couple with 4 children. They were always schooled in English, in NZ, Australia and Italy. Last year we decided that if we didn't change to the French system they would never be able to really speak French. We made the big move last year and they entered the French school in Italy -MS, CE1 and CM1. I think it was more traumatic for me than them! We are worried they are losing their English, even though orally they are perfect. They have done incredibly well and we are so happy with the big decision we made to move them! We are worried they are losing their English, even though orally they are perfect. We will now be moving to Bordeaux and I would love to talk to you about the schools there if you have time. LauraReplyDelete
Hi Laura - Sorry it took me a bit to reply to this comment. We had 2 weeks of school break until the 3rd of May and then the week of re-adjusting to our schedule....so now I'm catching up on blog work....Feel free to email me at email@example.com and I'll be glad to speak with you about some schooling options.Delete
Hello Jennifer, this was really really helpful. I realize its a few years old, but if you ae still responding, I would love to know the name of the catholic shcool you are talking about.
Feel free to email me specific questions at email@example.com
Hello Jennifer, I just found your blog as I am preparing myself for our sabbatical in Bordeaux next year! Our daughter is 13 and she will be starting High School in France. She is fully bilingual with spanish and we are planning to start with french 3/4 months before getting there but I am pretty sure she wont be fluent. I read about a school - http://webetab.ac-bordeaux.fr/college-cheverus/index.php?id=16079
as you can see they offer 8 weeks full immersion for foreigners and I was wondering if you heard about this school and its program?
Thank you!!!
All this is overwhelming but we will make it work!
Hi Vanesa,
Feel free to email me at email@example.com and I can give you more assitance.
Hi, Jennifer, I am a long-time English teacher in America with a PhD in British and American Literature. I studied at the Universite de Montpellier when I was in college so I have some French. I've taught abroad in Asia. I would like to teach in France at an American school. Do you have any advice about where I might apply? Thanks! MargaretReplyDelete
In France, you could look for International Schools in different cities or as with many expats, they teach English at Business schools, Private Catholic Schools or Universities. Since your degree is in British and American literature - you are more than qualified to teach at any level. The trickiest part will be to get a working VISA allowing you to work in France. It can be done, just takes a lot of time and paperwork. VISA's start as one year and then are renewable...Feel free to email me if you have more specific questions.Delete
Thank you for reading and visiting my blog. Feel free to leave a comment - I love hearing from people!


text: More cash-strapped Canadians are dipping into their RRSPs Ideally, people should deal with urgent, short-term concerns without compromising on important, long-term matters. But according to a new study, Canadians may be finding that harder than ever to do. A Bank of Montreal survey conducted by Pollara has found that Canadians are raiding their RRSP accounts at an increased rate, according to the Financial Post. Polling 1,500 adult Canadians from Dec. 14 to 19, the online survey found an average withdrawal amount of $17,213 – exceeding the $15,908 that was observed the previous year. "It's concerning to see that so many Canadians are dipping into their RRSPs to meet short-term needs, which should only be considered as a last resort," said BMO Director of Wealth Planning Publications Chris Buttigieg. Among respondents across the country, 30% cited rising real-estate prices as their top reason for withdrawals. In British Columbia, 44% of the respondents had made a withdrawal; 38% of them did it to buy a home, the top reason for the province. Many Canadians have taken to accessing their RRSPs to buy houses via the Home Buyers' Plan, under which first-time buyers can borrow up to $25,000 and repay the money over 15 years. No penalty is imposed as long as the money is paid back in time. Canadians also made withdrawals from their plans for other reasons. Living expenses were the second-most popular reason to take money out, with 21% of individuals giving that explanation. Debt and emergencies were tied for third, with both getting 18%. The number of Canadians to take money from their RRSP before they were 71 years old was 38%, a 4% increase from the previous year. Seventy-three per cent said that they were familiar with tax penalties or repayment terms they'd have to honor in case of a homebuyer's withdrawal. The poll found that 19% do not expect to ever pay back the amount they've withdrawn. Related stories: How can clients get the most out of their RRSPs? BMO study finds fewer, but bigger, RRSP contributions SHARE


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God cannot tell lies! And so his promises and vows are two things that can never be changed.
We have run to God for safety. Now his promises should greatly encourage us to take hold of the hope that is right in front of us. This hope is like a firm and steady anchor for our souls. In fact, hope reaches behind the curtain and into the most holy place.
Hebrew 6:18-19
If God can do anything, how can it be said that "God cannot tell lies?" The fact that God cannot lie is not a statement about His honesty, it is rather a statement about His complete power over everything. When God utters a Word the entire cosmos adjusts itself to reflect the Word that God has spoken. If it was "not true" when God says a thing, then instantly it becomes true because that's what Creation does in response to the Word of God.
All Creation becomes whatever God says it is. This truth takes my reverence for the Bible to another level of wonder. When I read the Bible and let God's Word dwell in my heart I am changed. When I speak God's Word to a situation I am wielding the most powerful weapon on earth. That's why simple men proclaiming the Word of God have been used to spark massive earth shaking revivals! When a child memorizes a Bible verse he is storing in his heart a "concealed weapon" that is indeed dangerous in the eyes of Satan and his demons!
"Lord Jesus, Your Word is the Sword that cuts to the core of everything! Your Word is the power that controls all there is. Lord, whatever You say will be done. May Your Word be done in my heart and my life today! Speak Lord and open my ears that I may hear! Amen."


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This is a sponsored conversation written by me on behalf of Lysol®, Finish®, Woolite®, and Air Wick®. The opinions and text are all mine.
Spring is here and it's time to kick the winter blues to the curb! Spring cleaning is my favorite thing to do! I'm so excited to share a few spring cleaning tips that will make things easy breezy for you and your family, freshening up your home doesn't have to be an exhausting chore after all!
The first step to cleaning anything in your home is making sure you have the proper products in hand like Lysol, Airwick, Finish and even Woolite. Clean one room in your home at a time, start at the top and work your way down, dust everything, de-clutter, and make trash/donate piles as well if needed.
When you're working in bedrooms be sure to remove all bedding and wash it, replace pillows if needed, dust or wash curtains as well, wipe down windows and dust blinds. Grab that vacuum cleaner and vacuum everywhere, corners, under the bed, baseboards, and everything in between!
Tackling the kitchen can be an overwhelming task, but once you complete it, you will be much happier! Organize and clean out every single cabinet and drawer in your kitchen, while you're at it, clean out the fridge and freezer too! Scrub down your microwave, oven/stove and any other kitchen appliances.
Don't forget to disinfect items like door knobs, light switches, toys, remotes, etc. Speaking of disinfecting, roll up your sleeves and clean that toilet and bathroom floor, I can't stand a dirty bathroom! Clean bathrooms from top to bottom as well, start with light fixtures, then the mirror, disinfect the sink, then move on to the toilet and bath/shower.
I like to save the floors for last, hand wipe baseboards if needed before you vacuum and mop. Be sure to move furniture around, get in and under everything, it will all be worth it in the end! Schedule a few hours out of your weekend and have your family pitch in to help, who doesn't love a clean home?
Even with all the cleaning I do, I love having Air Wick throughout my home. I was recently asked by Reckitt Benckiser to create some unique tips for using a product and I'm so excited to share them with you! Target carries everything I need for spring cleaning, and now you can save on your favorite products with Cartwheel! Take 5% off any Airwick Freshmatic item and 10% off any Airwick Scented Oils! From 4/9-4/15, you can purchase 3 - 5ct AW Scented oil and get free gadget.
Air Wick Life Scents Room Mist is the first instant spray with constantly changing fragrance, it's fast acting and eliminates odors! The Air Wick Scented Oil Warmer has 8x more fragrance control, works for any room no matter the size**. *vs. Previous Air Wick Scented Oil Warmer *Up to room size of 124 square feet. Did you know? A spicy or gourmet scent can make large rooms feel cozy, while fresh, floral or fruity scents can make small spaces feel more airy. Lasts up to 45* days per refill *based on low setting.
Lysol, Woolite, Air Wick and Finish are your must-haves for spring cleaning, be sure to check out Target Cartwheel for additional coupons! Do you have any spring cleaning tips to share?


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Topic Page: Abbey Theatre
Theatre erected on Abbey Street, Dublin (1904), by Annie E.F. Horniman to house the Irish National Theatre Society. In 1925 the Abbey became the National Theatre of Ireland. Works by W.B. Yeats, Lady Gregory, J.M. Synge and Sean O'Casey have been introduced here, and the Theatre is renowned for its support of new writers.
Playhouse in Dublin, Republic of Ireland, associated with the literary revival of the early 1900s, that was part of a general cultural Irish revival. The theatre opened in 1904 and staged the works of a number of Irish dramatists, including Lady Gregory, W B Yeats, J M Synge, and Seán O'Casey. Burned down in 1951, the Abbey Theatre was rebuilt in 1966.
Financed by Annie Horniman, the theatre was built to house the Irish National Theatre Society, formed in 1901 by W G Fay, Yeats, and Lady Gregory to perform the plays of new Irish dramatists. The theatre's licence was held by Lady Gregory and for most of the early years she and Yeats were its only directors. The theatre made a name for itself as a specialized repertory theatre with well-acted plays of fine quality. Other early playwrights include Padraic Colum, George Fitzmaurice, and George Bernard Shaw.
The company toured in England and the USA, where its excellence in production and acting had a profound influence in the years before 1914. The theatre survived the troubles of World War I, and in later years produced the early plays of Seán O'Casey. After Lady Gregory and Yeats donated the theatre to the Irish Free State in 1924, it became the first state-maintained theatre in the English-speaking world. A number of actors graduated from its ranks, including Sara Allgood and Arthur Sinclair. An influx of young dramatists in the 1920s and 1930s deflected the Abbey from poetic to realistic drama, and standards remained high in spite of the loss of the theatre building in 1951 from fire. The company played at the Queen's Theatre until the new Abbey Theatre opened in 1966.
From the 1960s onwards, the Abbey Theatre made a series of highly innovative departures as it embraced the new Irish drama created by Tom Murphy, Thomas Kilroy, Frank McGuinness, Sebastian Barry, Marina Carr, and others, without abandoning its hold on the established repertoire associated with playwrights such as O'Casey and T C Murray. Actors such as Donal McCann and Fiona Shaw succeeded Cyril Cusack, Siobhan McKenna, and F J McCormick from previous generations. The Abbey continues to tour successfully with plays by Brian Friel, Conor MacPherson, and others.
Abbey Theatre
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Processing a large amount of data from SQL server in .NET applications can be challenging some times. A common concern that people have is it just takes too much time to get the data from SQL. Waiting for the entire result set to return and then handling it require a great amount of RAM usage. That's not the worst thing yet. Imagine how frustrated your users can get when they have to wait for minutes after they click a button. A better designed application should utilize the asynchronous pattern to the data retrieval and process the data as soon as it becomes available in the callback function.
.NET developers used to write their own asynchronous code to execute T-SQL statements back in the .NET 1.0 & 1.1 days. The System.Data.SqlClient namespace in .NET 2.0 shipped with a number of out-of-box asynchronous methods for T-SQL execution, including ExecuteReader, ExecuteNonQuery, ExecuteXmlReader etc. These methods strictly follow the standard MS naming conventions for asynchronous methods. Take ExecuteReader as an example, BeginExecuteReader and EndExecuteReader are provided. The only caveat, if any, is that the asynchronous processing of T-SQL requires SQL Server 2005 or higher versions. If you haven't paid attention yet, the Management Studio for SQL 2005 or 2008 execute "select" queries asynchronously, as you can see in the screen shot below. I am selecting 4.5 million records from a table. The query comes back in less than 2 seconds with the first set of records. At the same time, the Management Studio keeps rendering the rest of the records behind the scene.
To demonstrate how the asynchronous operation works with large result sets, we are going to create a similar UI to the query window you just saw above.
Let's start off with creating a new Windows Form project named AsyncReader. Go ahead and add the controls to the Windows Form as shown below.
The end goal of the example is: when I click on the Execute button, the application connects to the Northwind database, executes the T-SQL statement entered in the text box, and displays the result set in the ListBox at the bottom asynchronously.
Double click on the Execute button to bring up the code editor. We are going to implement the OnClick event of this button.
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection("Network Address=(local), Initial Catalog=Northwind; Integrated Security=true; Asynchronous Processing=true"))
using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(tbQuery.Text, conn))
cmd.BeginExecuteReader(new AsyncCallback(QueryCallback), cmd);
catch (SqlException se)
The code above follows the standard procedure for reading data from a SQL database in a .NET application, except two things:
1. There's an additional name-value pair in the connection string. "Asynchronous Processing=true" tells the SQL Server (2005 or above) that this application will be executing T-SQL statements asynchronously. This name-value pair MUST be included in the connection string to enable asynchronous operations. Otherwise, an InvalidOperationException will be thrown when the BeginExecuteReader is called.
2. We used BeginExecuteReader method instead of ExecuteReader. This is the key. We are not going to wait until the entire result set returns. A callback delegate "QueryCallback" was passed as the first parameter. This means we are going to process the result set in "QueryCallback". The second parameter is called "stateObject" and it is of the System.Object type. It really can be boxed from any type of object holding the user state that is passed into the callback procedure. In our example, we pass the SqlCommand as the state object because we will need it to get the actual reference of the SqlDataReader.
The execution may take 2 seconds, 2 minutes, or probably 2 hours, but we have just solved two problems here by doing things asynchronously. First of all, the UI will NOT freeze because the BeginExecuteReader fires the query off and returns to the UI thread IMMEDIATELY. The actual T-SQL execution happens in a separate work thread. We will demonstrate this in a moment. Secondly, the query may take hours to complete but we can start processing the result set as soon as the data comes back in our callback method. Let's take a look at what's going to happen in the callback method.
private void QueryCallback(IAsyncResult result)
SqlCommand cmd = (SqlCommand)result.AsyncState;
SqlDataReader reader = cmd.EndExecuteReader(result);
while (reader.Read())
Invoke(new AddDataToResultDelegate(AddDataToResult), reader.GetString(0));
if (cmd.Connection.State.Equals(ConnectionState.Open))
catch (Exception ex)
Invoke(new AddDataToResultDelegate(AddDataToResult), "Error: " + ex.Message);
The first thing we do is un-box the AsynState back to the SqlCommand, which was supplied as the state object from BeginExecuteReader. Then we finish the asynchronous reading by calling the EndExecuteReader, which returns the requested SqlDataReader. Remember that calling EndExecuteReader is NOT optional. When you call BeginExecuteReader to execute a T-SQL statement, you MUST call EndExecuteReader in order to complete the operation. If the process of executing the command has not yet finished, this method blocks until the operation is complete. Now that we've got hold of the reference to the SqlDataReader, we can do anything we want with the data it brings back. In this case, we are going to display the data in the ListBox control named lbResult we placed on the form earlier.
private delegate void AddDataToResultDelegate(string text);
private void AddDataToResult(string Text)
private void DisplayInfo(SqlDataReader reader)
Invoke(new AddDataToResultDelegate(AddDataToResult), reader.GetString(0));
We may not interact with the form and its contents from a different thread, and this callback procedure is all but guaranteed to be running from a different thread than the form. Therefore you cannot simply call code that update the ListBox control, like this: AddDataToResult(reader.GetString(0)); Instead, we must call the procedure from the form's thread. One simple way to accomplish this is to call the Invoke method of the form, which calls the delegate AddDataToResultDelegatae supplied from the form's thread.
Up to this point, we have done all we need to do for this quick example. Compile it to make sure there're no errors, and then hit F5 to run the application. Enter "select * from customers" in the text box and click the Execute button. So what did you get? Nothing!!! None of the records was added to the ListBox. We know there're 91 customers in the Northwind database. So what happened? Stop the application. Place a break point at the beginning of the QueryCallback method and run the application again. The program doesn't even stop at the breakpoint?!
Welcome to the asynchronous world, where nothing is what it seems. We know the problem already. The callback function expects the state object supplied by BeginExecuteReader, but it's not there any more. Take a closer look at the Execute button's OnClick event.
The two "using" statements are the first thing that came into our attention. We are supplying the SqlCommand instance as the object state to the callback function but it gets disposed by the "using" immediately after the asynchronous call is fired. If you scream "oh I should've thought of that", you are not alone. This is a common mistake that developers make from time to time in asynchronous programming. The state object are accessed by two threads (the form's thread and a work thread that executes the asynchronous T-SQL), so its reference needs to exist through the entire application context. This is why sometimes the state objects are also called "user context". The solution is obvious now - remove the "using" statements to make sure the SqlCommand lives the entire application's life cycle.
SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection("Network Address=localhost;Initial Catalog=Northwind;Integrated Security=true;Asynchronous Processing=true");
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand( tbQuery.Text, conn);
cmd.BeginExecuteReader(new AsyncCallback(QueryCallback), cmd);
catch (SqlException se)
catch (Exception ex)
Run the program again. We got everything together this time. The form's UI is still responsive to the user interactions as the query executes in the background. The ListBox is filled up with all the 91 customer names after a slight delay.
The demo code is all yours. You can download it here and play with it a little bit more. If you want to feel the true power of asynchronous processing, I suggest you connect this application to a database where you have millions of records.


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March Monsoons
As happens in the monsoon season — its been raining. And raining and raining and raining!! Its definitely been a proper wet season so far this year, and one that we have needed, as despite how wet it was this time last year, we really didn't end up getting our 'usual' amount, for where we … Read moreMarch Monsoons


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SSL Certificates
Implements: CSU Policy ICSUAM 8100 Electronic and Digital Signatures
SSL Certificates are used to create secure connections between a user and the server they are trying to reach, using encryption. This encrypted connection is created through the use of public key cryptography, which is a set of well-established techniques and standards for protecting communications from eavesdropping, tampering, and impersonation attacks. Certificate configuration involves the creation of a certificate request (CSR) on the server using a private key. The CSR is then submitted to a Certificate Authority (CA), which converts the certificate request into a certificate. CSU, Chico, uses InCommon Comodo for SSL certificates.
When requesting a certificate, there are three common certificate types used:
- InCommon SSL (SHA-2) – required for single system certificates on public facing servers
- InCommon Multi Domain SSL (SHA-2) - required for multi-domain servers
- InCommon Intranet SSL (SHA-2) –required for internal servers
Note: Wildcard certificates (i.e. *.csuchico.edu) are generally issued on a restricted basis. Contact the Information Security Office if a Wildcard certificate is necessary.
Additional Information (*Restricted Access – credentials required*)
Private Key Security
Public and private key pairs are comprised of two cryptographic keys, which are uniquely related. The public key is made available within the server certificate located on the server, while its owner confidentially holds the private key. Public key length should be a 2048-bit length minimum.
IMPORTANT: Private key files must be protected at all times
- Store in a safe location
- Ensure file permissions are set appropriately, such that the private key is never accessible outside of the system
Some ways to protect a private key(opens in new window) are as follows: minimize access to private keys, use physical security to protect keys, use cryptographic hardware modules, and use test-signing versus release-signing.
Certificate Expiration
Information Security will send server admins a notice of expiration; however, it is the administrator's responsibility to keep track of their server's certificate status. Expired certificates can result in service outages, and should prompt users that the service is insecure and not to be trusted.
Certificate Signing Request (CSR)
A CSR can be generated in multiple ways depending on the structure of the server. Java Key Store, OpenSSL, and Microsoft Certificate Manager are all tools that can be used to generate CSR's and manage private keys:
- A Java Key Store is a repository of security certificates consisting of public key certificates and authorization certificates. Java-based applications use this repository for encryption, authentication and serving over HTTPS. Commands for generating keys, CSR's, self-signed certificates, and much more, can be found at Java Keytool Essentials.
- OpenSSL is an open source implementation of the SSL protocol, which is commonly used for generating CSRs and private keys for many platforms. Commands used to generate CSRs, Certificates, and Private Keys can be found on SSL Shopper.
- Microsoft's Certificate Manager Tool is used to manage certificates, certificate trust lists, and certificate revocation lists. It is a command-line utility that is automatically installed with Visual Studio (for more information, see Visual Studio Command Prompt). A list of commands to be used within Certificate Manager can be found on Microsoft's website.
Initiating a Self-Enrollment Process for obtaining an SSL Certificate
System administrators can make a request for certificates by utilizing the Self-Enrollment page within InCommon Certificate Manager. On successful submission of a Certificate Request to InCommon CA, the certificate will be issued and a notification email will be sent to the requester. The requester can download the certificate and install it onto their respective server. For more information on the self-enrollment process, please visit the Information Security Offices Wiki.
The application form for SSL certificates is hosted, by default, at:


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Air New Zealand Very Kiwi Christmas
Air New Zealand is promoting Christmas cheer in Australia and NZ with "A Very Kiwi Christmas", a "Meanwhile… in New Zealand" commercial set on the Otago Peninsula. Santa and Air New Zealand stewards take a group of Portobello Primary School students on a tractor ride to see the Pyramids basalt rock formation lit up with oversized Christmas lights and decorations. The delighted children are then led to a Christmas tree where their presents await them. The online campaign includes the two minute commercial, a 30 second teaser and a behind-the-scenes video.
Air New Zealand Very Kiwi Christmas Credits
The Air New Zealand Very Kiwi Christmas campaign was developed at Host Sydney by executive creative director Bob Mackintosh, creatives Juca Lopes and Will Miles, agency producer Eleanor Rout, editor Pete Ward and account director Kate Forster.
Filming was shot by director/director of photography Tim Pierce via Two Bearded Men, Wanaka, with producer Toby Crawford, B/C camera team Jase Hancox and Will Lascelles at Colab, aerials operator Tony Young, camera assistant Piers Harding, art directors Loz Ferguson (Pop Creative) and Casey Teat. Lighting was produced by Inlight Wanaka by gaffers Olly Champan and Andrew Potter. Photography was by Camilla Rutherford. Santa was played by Peter Turner.
Filed under: Air New Zealand, Christmas, Commercials
Tagged: Camilla Rutherford, Host, Tim Pierce, Two Bearded Men
Location: New Zealand


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Welcome to Chancel Primary School. We hope you find all of the information you need about our school on this website - if not please do contact us, or we would be happy for you to arrange a visit.
Chancel Primary is a creative, forward-thinking school, located at the very heart of Rugeley Town. All at Chancel believe children deserve the very best possible start to their education - through: strong community links; a personalised curriculum; and consistently high expectations, we aim to 'Develop the citizens of tomorrow through the best education of today'. We look forward to welcoming you to our successful and happy school in the near future.
Mrs Tina Blankley (Headteacher)
What Ofsted Says...
Chancel Primary School is a one form entry school with 241 children on roll (September 2017). It is situated opposite St Augustine's Church in Rugeley town.
"Leaders have maintained the good quality of education in the school. You have taken action to ensure that high-quality teaching, learning and assessment have continued to lead to good and outstanding outcomes for pupils.
Teaching in the school is consistently good or better. The strongest teaching is characterised by teachers and teaching assistants working well together to involve pupils in discussing and improving their work. Teachers provide interesting activities which spark pupils' curiosity and capture their imagination so that they make rapid progress."
Ofsted, February 2016
Online Safety...
Please find below a link to the new launch of Jessie & Friends, the new online safety education resource for 4-7 year olds.
Based on a series of three fun, age-appropriate animations, Jessie & Friends follows Jessie, Mo and Tia as they view, share and game their way towards a safer future online.
Our Commitment towards Safeguarding
If you need to report an issue regarding e-safety, click on the button below.
Chancel Primary School is committed to safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children; and expects all staff and volunteers to share this commitment. We have a number of policies and procedures in place that contribute to our safeguarding obligation, policies can be viewed in the Policies section of our website. We actively support the Government's Prevent Agenda to counter radicalism and extremism.
Our Designated Safeguarding Lead [DSL) is Mrs Blankley (Headteacher). Our Deputy [DSL] is Mrs Palmer (Deputy Headteacher).
Parent View
Parent View gives you the opportunity to tell Ofsted what you think about your child's school. Parent View asks for your opinion on 12 aspects of your child's school, from the quality of teaching, to dealing with bullying and poor behaviour.
To access the Parent View website please click on the link below:
Please be aware, that in our efforts to keep our children; and our school site safe, this school uses CCTV.


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787 Munras Ave., Ste. 100
Monterey, CA 93940
(831) 372-2259
(831) 372-4142 (fax)
Armanasco Public Relations, Inc. (APR) founded in 1985 is a full-service Public Relations firm, offering a wide range of services including community relations, crisis communications, event management, marketing communications, public affairs, media relations and strategic planning. APR offers clients unparalleled service by being creative, credible and committed.


text: After being MIA for 3 days, our drywall contractor finally got his taping crew over to our house today. I don't want to sound like I'm complaining, because I'm not. However, the few times that we have hired outside help, the lack of communication has been the tie that binds them all together. Even the better ones, like this guy. He does actually show up on the days that he says he will, but the time will be a total mystery. They didn't start until 1 pm, so they accomplished very little. Our hopes of being able to prime the walls this weekend have really started to fade… On the bright side, the work will be finished well ahead of when some of the other contractors would have been able to start, and (this is the biggie) I am not doing it myself. I have to keep reminding myself how great that is, particularly when it comes time to pay the bill!


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Over 4 Million
Challenges Completed
104k Challenge
Promotions Last Year
Loved by Over 10,000
Teachers Worldwide
4 Out of 5 Schools
Renew Every Year
How Does Big Maths Work?
Every Step of Learning
Big Maths was created to make sure every child becomes fully numerate. First, we identified every skill a child needs to secure before they move into secondary education. We then broke these skills down into the small learning steps needed to get them there.
Get It… Then Use It
Big Maths ensures every child has a solid foundation of Core Knowledge before they start to use and apply it to wider mathematical concepts such as shape, fractions etc. Recognising the evidence of 'Cognitive Load Theory', Big Maths helps to manage the load and maintain balance between working and long-term memory.
We do this with CLIC in the first 20-minutes of your maths lesson. This stands for Counting, Learn Its, It's Nothing New and Calculation and a child journeys through them chronologically before moving into wider maths in the remaining part of your lesson.
'Cognitive Load Theory'
'Cognitive Load Theory' has become increasingly recognised in the teaching community. Big Maths embraced this research over 10 years ago and some of the ways Big Maths incorporates this research are:
- Providing children with success criteria for every step
- Applying secured knowledge to increasingly challenging contexts
- Recognising the 'CLT' models for explicit instruction.
- Incorporating the ability to teach through enquiry-based learning
97% of teachers say their pupils enjoy Big Maths
Mapped to Your Curriculum
Big Maths planning describes a child's primary mathematics journey in great detail and describes a minimum, yet high expectation, journey. The Big Maths framework is broken down into termly chunks that are linked to your curriculum's expectations.
Getting the chronology right is key to a smooth journey. The Core Knowledge content is written in chronological order so that skills in Counting feed into Learn Its which feed into It's Nothing New which, you guessed it, feed into Calculation.
Expert Teacher Guidance
We have detailed teacher guidance for every step of learning in the Big Maths framework. The guidance highlights what to look out for and any mini progression within a step (think fully written 2 digit + 2 digit to doing it brain only).
The teacher guidance is also ideal for learning support staff. They can read the same guidance and feel confident working with a group of children knowing what they are looking to achieve. This guidance alongside our pedagogy is responsible for 2/3 teachers saying that Big Maths has improved their subject knowledge.
Big Maths Beat That!
Each Big Maths Beat That! Challenge is made up of 10 questions with each question linked to a specific step of learning from the Big Maths framework. This allows you to immediately identify any gaps in learning and, over time, keep track of attainment and progress.
If a pupil can't do something, you can look at the preceding skills to find a point where they can work forward from. You may also look at related skills from other Progress Drives to find a learning gap.
Over 4,000 resources linked to learning steps
We are committed to saving as much time for teachers as possible, so that they can focus on what they love… teaching. Big Maths provides teachers with thousands of tailored resources.
Whether you need a Powerpoint for direct input or deeper learning activities, we have everything you need. So stop searching generic websites or creating from scratch and start accessing focused, tailored resources at the click of a button.
We would love to hear from you. For more information you can contact us at:
(+44) 01924 229380


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VIXX's Leo to Shed His Idol Stage Name for Upcoming Musical Role
VIXX member Leo was recently cast in his second ever musical role for the musical "Mata Hari." However, he has decided not to perform the role as Leo, but rather under his real name, Jung Taek Woon.
"Mata Hari" is about an exotic dancer during the First World War who works as a spy for the Germans, using her Dutch nationality to easily travel between countries. Jung Taek Woon is cast as Armand, the man that Mata Hari falls in love with, and is double cast alongside Uhm Ki Joon and Song Chang Eui.
Musical fans in Korea are known for disliking idols being cast in musicals for a number of reasons; many idols are inexperienced in stage acting and their busy schedules prevent them from practicing very much, and because the company spends most of its budget hiring idols, the ticket prices are driven up while the production value suffers. In addition, idols are usually double cast alongside other, more experienced actors. The more roles that are double cast, the less rehearsal time each actor gets with each possible cast. It's no wonder Jung Taek Woon would want to separate himself from his idol image to avoid that stereotype.
Meanwhile, Jung Taek Woon made his musical debut in "Full House" last year, credited as Leo from VIXX.
Source (1)


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Music, Cinema and Theatre Studies
The performing arts are forms of human creativity and expression. LdM's teaching approach to music, cinema and theatre combines both historical aspects with immersion in contemporary issues, and intellectual engagement with creative expression. The interchanging role of movies and theatrical arts in human society and how they influence one another is a key focus in courses.
LdM courses offer a range of curricula to complement any liberal arts education.
Courses currently available:
Introduction to Acting
Contemporary Italy through Cinema
Italian Society through Cinema
Film Studies
History of Italian Cinema


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Shadowhouse Creations focuses on giving away free textures, brushes,overlays, and tips to designers,photographers, and the hobbyist.
Thought you should know!
After receiving their last reply simply saying wait till the end of the month, I had
no other option other than respond saying my subscription ends the 28th of August
and I can't wait and watch it run out, especially with 700 + web posts and download
links hanging in the balance. I sent this last Friday and still no response, so I downloaded all of my folders and have painstakingly been re-uploading my files to another provider, and I can't say how much of a pain not to mention it's always slower to upload than download.
As I stated in my last post, I had concerns about resigning with what they called a reseller, which all were stationed overseas, I have concerns about giving my personal and bank data to foreign businesses, I know the majority of suspected web storage providers reside overseas and I read about some of them, not all and their illegal activity daily on the web, better to be cautious than unwise.
After thinking about the laborious duty of re-uploading all those files and having to post all new direct links to each post, I thought, give it a shot and try to resign with a reseller that 4Shared states my best option, off I go to my first choice finding out that they are out of stock, huh!
I try another, only to get we're not accepting new customers, well ain't this the pits, again I try yet another, only to get we're not accepting cards, or Paypal at this time ............. I see a shady trend.
I try four more, only to get one of many questionable reasons reasons why they aren't accepting new accounts. I even try a 6 month term only to receive the same responses.
So, I am not about to do further business with 4shared, and I hope I can help and discourage someone else from thinking about 4shared and their inability to renew a yearly subscription, sad, sad business practice.
I'm feeling much better in health as opposed to the last couple of weeks, following the Doctors orders and getting plenty of rest seems to have worked.
I've replaced my yearly 4shared Pro subscription with a yearly Pro subscription with Mediafire, which uploading numerous files and replacing download URLs was an extreme and tedious task but all is done for now.
*** If by any chance you have a problem with a Direct Download link, please let me know, and name the file in question .............thanks.
6 comments:
What a pain, and obviously not fun to go through when you're not feeling well!!!ReplyDelete
Thanks for letting us know about 4shared. I guess they don't realize that bad customer service will come back to haunt them in the internet age!
Your new blog design it SO classy!!!
What a horrible pain in the ass for you! I'm so sorry it's come to this and that you're having to struggle to shift everything, but I'm sure I'm not the only one who is so grateful for your generosity and creating and sharing your textures, brushes, tutorials, etc. with all of us. You seriously rock!ReplyDelete
that sounds like a real pain in the neck and so time consuming. I'm glad you safeguarded all those goodies you so so generously share with us.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousSeptember 05, 2012
OMG that is terrible! I am soooo sorry you have had so much trouble! I do hope there are no other issues!ReplyDelete
I feel your pain ... almost. I finally found a solution (so far) but needed to completely rebuild my site. Fortunately, I had nothing as extensive as what you do. Best of luck and thank you SO much for hanging in there!!!ReplyDelete
ACK.I hate it when trying to do one thing turns into having to do fourty things. And the amount of work moving to a new service is always stupid. Hope it doesn't make you too crazy....and thanks for keeping your presence and work on the 'nets. -- DesertSageReplyDelete


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The Marmara Park Avenue, New York, United States of America
- Free WiFi
- Collect nights
The Marmara Park Avenue, New York, United States of Americafrom NZ$391
- Room
- Deluxe Room
- Studio
- Suite, 1 Bedroom
- Suite, 2 Bedrooms
- Loft, 1 Bedroom
- Loft, 2 Bedrooms
- Deluxe Room, 2 Queen Beds
- Studio
More great choices
What's around The Marmara Park Avenue, New York, United States of America
- In Midtown
- 5th Avenue - 2 min walk
- Madison Square Garden - 5 min walk
- Empire State Building - 8 min walk
- Grand Central Terminal - 11 min walk
- Chrysler Building - 11 min walk
- Macy's - 12 min walk
- Bryant Park - 15 min walk
Getting around
- New York, NY (JFK-John F. Kennedy Intl.) - 20 min drive
- Newark, NJ (EWR-Liberty Intl.) - 35 min drive
- New York, NY (LGA-LaGuardia) - 18 min drive
- Teterboro, NJ (TEB) - 31 min drive
- Linden, NJ (LDJ) - 44 min drive
- Caldwell, NJ (CDW-Essex County) - 28 min drive
- New York W 32nd St. Station - 8 min walk
- New York Grand Central Terminal Station - 11 min walk
- New York Penn Station - 16 min walk
- 33 St. Station (Park Av. S) - 1 min walk
- 28 St. Station (Park Av. S) - 5 min walk
- 23 St. Station (Park Av.) - 10 min walk
About The Marmara Park Avenue, New York, United States of America
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 128 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 21 floors
- Check-in time 3 PM-midnight
- Check-out time is 11 AM
Required at check-in
- Credit card deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
- Minimum check-in age is 21
Travelling with others
- Pets allowed *
- Restrictions apply *
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Valet parking *
Payment types at the property
Other information
- Smoke-free property
In the hotel
- Continental breakfast daily (surcharge)
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
- Room service (during limited hours)
- Indoor pool
- 24-hour fitness facilities
- Steam room
- Fitness facilities
- Business center
- Conference space
- Conference space size (feet) - 1375
- Conference space size (meters) - 128
- One meeting room
- 24-hour front desk
- Concierge services
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Laundry facilities
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Luggage storage
- Year Built - 1927
- Elevator
- Terrace
- Braille or raised signage
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
- Roll-in shower
- Wheelchair accessible
- Wheelchair-accessible path of travel
- English
- Spanish
In the room
- Air conditioning
- Minibar
- Coffee/tea maker
- Iron/ironing board
- Premium bedding
- Private bathroom
- Shower only
- Designer toiletries
- Hair dryer (on request)
- Premium TV channels
- IPad
- IPod docking station
- Desk
- Free newspaper
- Free WiFi
- Cookware, dishware, and utensils
- Free bottled water
- Daily housekeeping
- In-room safe
Recommended hotels
Special features
DiningOnsite venue - lobby lounge.
The Marmara Park Avenue, New York, United States of America's small print
Also known as
- Marmara Park
- Marmara Park Avenue Hotel
- The Marmara Park Avenue Hotel
- The Marmara Park Avenue New York
- The Marmara Park Avenue Hotel New York
- Marmara Park Avenue
- Marmara Park Avenue Aparthotel
- Marmara Park Avenue Aparthotel New York
- Marmara Park Avenue New York
- Park Marmara
- Marmara Park Avenue Apartment New York
- Marmara Park Avenue Apartment
- Marmara Park Avenue Hotel New York
Pet-friendly rooms can be requested by contacting the property at the number on the booking confirmation.
Mandatory fees
You'll be asked to pay the following charges at check-in or check-out:
Pet deposit: USD 100.00 per stay
- Resort fee: USD 31.58 per accommodation, per night
Optional extras
Early check-in can be arranged for an extra charge of USD 100 (subject to availability)
Facility access costs USD 29.00 per accommodation, per day. Facilities include a spa and a swimming pool.
Valet parking costs USD 65 per day
Rollaway beds are available for USD 100.0 per day
Continental breakfast is offered for an extra charge of USD 24 per person (approximately)
Pets are allowed for an extra charge of USD 100 per pet, per stay
We have included all charges provided to us by this property. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the unit you book.
Didn't find the right property?Continue searching for New York, New York, United States Of America
Recent reviews
Fabulous 8.6 From 309 reviews
Excellent service and great atmosphere
Nice hotel. Pillow cases could be softer, smoother cotton. Staff nice but a fair amount of staff discussion in earshot of guests.
Great hotel. Took a night ahead of our wedding as a little staycation. Loved the room, the pool, the spa.. Everything was great.
Lovely well appointed spaces, cleaning impeccable - and the staff are all great and helpful New Yorkers
We had a wonderful stay at the Marmara- we had a one bedroom suite which was plenty of room for me and my two kids. It was nice to have a fridge and microwave so we could enjoy leftovers from all the incredible meals we had. The location is fantastic, close to subway and not too crowded or loud. The staff was very friendly and extremely helpful. We will definitely come back and stay again!
Is the description of this property not correct? Tell us


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Every Sunday: 11:00 am
We meet for an exciting time of worship led by our praise group. We love to sing both old and new hymns of praise. There is a fun kids talk as well as creche facilities for the remainder of the service. Our Pastor, or visiting speaker, then brings a message from the Bible in a lively and engaging way. We often end our time together with a cup of tea or coffee and a chat.
Every Sunday: 6:00 pm
We gather together for a short time of prayer before our evening service.
Every Sunday: 6:30 pm
We use Sunday evenings to go deeper into the Bible and learn more about God. It is a time for practical Bible teaching which is helpful and relevant. We also enjoy singing hymns, led, once again, by our praise group.
Every Tuesday: 7:30 pm
We take this opportunity to have an extended time looking at God's word. This is followed by a time when we pray together as a Church to thank God for His goodness to us and also for the many things that affect us as a Church and individuals.
First Sunday of the month: After the Morning Service | Third Sunday of the month: After the Evening Service
We take this opportunity to remember and reflect upon the death of the Lord Jesus Christ upon the cross. The service begins with a brief thought from our Pastor. Then we share communion together before finishing with a hymn of praise.


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Pump Controllers
Pump Controllers turn on and off pumps to maintain specific levels in tanks. This category contains protectors and controllers.
- Series MPCJR
- One or Two Pump Control with Built-In Alternation
Pump Controller provides versatile level control. Featured two additional programmable alarm contacts with front alarm light indication. Applications are oil tanks and reservoirs.
- Series QPC
- Multiple Loads, SOSO or FOFO Output Logic
Quadraplex Pump Controller is where four pumps are required to alternate to provide equal run time on each. The loads are energized in the same manner as the SOSO sequence.
- Series SLD
- Shaft Seal Leak Protection
Single Channel Leak Detection Relay monitors the shaft seal of a submersible pump to detect a leak before pump failure. When seal failure condition clears the relay automatically resets.
- Series MPC
- One or Two Pump Control with Built-In Alternation, Over Temperature Protection and Seal Failure Monitoring
Pump Controller provides versatile level control. Designed for use with style level transmitters. Flexible and incorporates a user-friendly programming menu.
- Series DPC
- Dual Pump Protection
Duplexing Pump Controller is used where two pumps are required to alternate to provide equal run time on each. Two LED indicators show the load energized by the SPDT output relay.
- Model LDT
- Shaft Seal Leak and Stator Temperature Monitor
Leak/Over Temperature Detection Relays monitor the shaft seal and the stator temperature of a submersible pump to detect a leak. Installation is made simple with a surface mount configuration.
- Series DLD
- Shaft Seal Leak Protection
Dual Channel Leak Detection Relay monitors the shaft seals of two submersible pumps to detect a leak before pump failure. Leak is detected by sensing the status of a float.
- Series PPM
- 1/8 DIN, Dual-Line 6-Digit Display, Flow Rate and Totalizer
Dual-Line Pulse Input Rate/Totalizer displays flow rate and total simultaneously. Applications include level monitoring, flow totalization, and pump control.
- Series MPM
- 1/8 DIN, Dual-Line 6-Digit Display, Multi-Pump Alternation Control
Dual-Line Pulse Input Meter is weatherproof, UV resistant, large, and dual line display which makes it easier to read. Offers programmable delay time.