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Keeping your property secure and your family safe is so important, and is never something that should be overlooked. While I was at university a house we lived in was broken into, and while they never got away with anything especially valuable the experience is enough to shake you up- and home security is something I've taken really seriously ever since. In order to deter thieves and keep your home safe you need to take a multi-dimensional approach, use layers of security and assess all potential weak areas. Here are some things to consider!
1. Don't Have Things On Show
The first one is easy: keep valuables out of sight. Close curtains and blinds in the evening, and position tvs and other expensive electricals away from windows. It might be tempting to throw your car keys on a side table when you come in the door, but if any curious burglars take a peek through your letterbox while you're sleeping and spot them you could wake up with no car the next day. Put any small valuables that you don't use regularly like jewellery, passports and cash into a safe. Then make sure the safe is hidden and bolted down, this is really important otherwise if a burglar ever gets in they could simply walk off with the safe and break it open once they're safely away.
2. Cut Down Obstructive BushesYou might think that things like tall garden bushes would prevent passing thieves from being able to look into your windows and make your home safer, but actually they have the opposite affect. Tall plants, trees and bushes can provide cover for anyone trying to break into your home, and so keeping them low and trimmed will prevent this from happening.
3. Secure All Entryways
Always make sure all access points to your home are locked, every time you leave the house (even if it's just for a few minutes). Amazingly in almost half of all burglaries, the thief enters through an unlocked door or window. Do regular checks to make sure nothing is faulty or easily broken into, for example wooden doors and window frames could be upgraded to plastic models. These newer models are much more secure and can't be jimmied or kicked in as easily as older frames. If you have old garage doors, consider upgrading them to a new brand like novoferm garage doors. Another place to keep locked and secure is your shed, this probably contains a number of tools that will make a burglars job a lot easier- ladders, hammers, crow bars etc. There have been many cases of burglars who have conducted break ins using equipment from the victim's own garden or shed and so always be sure to keep these things secured.
4. Install a Floodlight
Illuminating the entrances at the front and back of your home is a great way to deter burglars, the majority will continue to walk on by if they know they don't have the cover of darkness. You could go for a motion activated floodlight (many have sensitivity settings that you can adjust to stop them from being set off by cats) or a light that comes on automatically at sunset and goes off again at sunrise.
5. Train Your Dog to Bark
I'd never recommend getting a dog solely for the purposes of guarding your home, as I believe they should be cared for as part of the family and not just seen as something to provide a function. However if you already have a beloved dog, teaching them to bark at disturbances outside is a good way to deter burglars. My own dog is huge and extremely antisocial with strangers (this makes things difficult when I have people I actually want to come into the house!) however on the plus side he definitely keeps the place well guarded, and his loud and fierce bark is enough to put off any sane person from trying their luck. Burglars don't like dogs, they're noisy and draw attention; even the sweetest dogs sound vicious when they're growling and barking and so most thieves wont risk being savagely bitten.
6. Trick Thieves
Most burglars are opportunistic. Quiet, empty and unsecured properties where they can be in and out will always be their first choice- and so if they believe someone is home there's a good chance they'll keep on walking and look for an easier target. For this reason, when you're not at home (whether it's for an extended period of time like a holiday, or even for a few hours in the evening or while you're at work) you'll want to make it look like your home is occupied. Leaving tvs, radios and lamps on using a timer switch will make it appear like someone is in- alternatively you can buy a TV light which creates a flickering blue glow to simulate your tv and will use less energy.
7. Don't Leave A Spare Key
Leaving spare keys is always a bad move, no matter how good you think your hiding place is burglars will have seen it all before and know where to look. Under doormats, in sheds, in plant pots and fake stones- it's just not worth the risk. You're much better off leaving a spare key with a friend or family member who lives locally, or in some cases a trusted neighbour providing you know them well.
8. Install CCTVA good CCTV system will act as a preventative measure, as well as provide evidence should anything happen to your home. Research systems and the best places to position the cameras, they should be high up enough to prevent anyone from snipping the wire or covering the lens. Avoid dummy cameras with blinking lights, a burglar will know they're fake from a mile off.
9. Invest in a Burglar Alarm
While taking precautionary measures will usually deter passing burglars, if someone does still attempt a break in you need to be prepared. A burglar alarm is your best bet here, they're not cheap but are one of the single most effective ways to prevent anyone from making off with your stuff. We were lucky to have a burglar alarm already installed when we moved into our current home, if you're also renting you could consider asking your landlord if they'll provide you with one (or split the cost of one with you). For added peace of mind some can be hooked up to your smartphone or security company, and from there your local police station can be contacted immediately if it goes off. There's a monthly fee for a service like this, but if you consider yourself to be especially high risk then it's a good option. Always set your alarm every time you go out, creating a 'locking up' routine where you check all windows and doors and set the alarm when you leave the house will help to remind you.
10. Get to Know Your NeighboursKnowing your neighbours is always helpful, have a chat and let them know that if your alarm goes off and you're nowhere in sight then to call the police immediately. Swap numbers if possible so you're able to contact each other if there's ever an emergency. Even without a set neighbourhood watch scheme, simply having neighbours who are willing to look out for each others homes means they're able to spot anything that looks a bit dodgy and alert you or the police as soon as possible.


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Department of Fish and Game (DFG) wardens cited a man for allegedly taking lobsters from others' traps and returned the lobsters, including undersized lobsters, to the sea.
Two wardens on a small boat patrol off Dana Point harbor Saturday night observed a small boat with no lights pulling commercial lobster traps out of the water. When the wardens approached the 12-foot boat with four men aboard and announced themselves as law enforcement, one man threw a line with a commercial lobster buoy back into the water.
After an investigation wardens cited 42-year old Yanwu Li from Rowland Heights (Los Angeles County) with four Fish and Game violations: disturbing a commercial lobster trap belonging to another person, fishing for lobster without a lobster report card in possession, possession of undersize lobster and fishing without a valid fishing license. The three other men are still suspects and may be charged at a later date.
"The California Department of Fish and Game will aggressively pursue and arrest any individuals stealing from commercial lobster traps," said DFG Lt. Eric Kord. "Theft from these traps directly takes from the salaries of commercial fishermen, and puts the lobster fishery at further risk since many trap robbers take anything they find from the traps, including undersized lobsters."
DFG has forwarded the citation to the Orange County District Attorney to file charges. Each count carries penalties of up to a $1,000 fine and up to six months in jail.
"Commercial fishermen spend thousands of dollars on vessels, permits, trap gear, and bait to try and make a living off the lobster fishery each season," said Rodger Healy, a commercial lobster fisherman and president of the California Lobster and Trap Fishermen's Association. "Those stealing from lobster traps completely circumvent the lobster fishery management system and involve themselves in the illegal take of a valuable resource."
California spiny lobsters are crustaceans that are common from Point Conception to Baja California. Lobster season generally opens the first Saturday in October through about March 15 and is carefully monitored and regulated. California spiny lobsters are slow-growing animals that biologists estimate take as long as seven years to grow to legal size. Fishermen must have a valid California fishing license with an ocean stamp, a lobster report card and a lobster gauge to measure for proper size.

subset: commoncrawl


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NASA's Juno Spacecraft Snaps Stunning Photo from Inside Jupiter's Rings
NASA's Juno Spacecraft Snaps Stunning Photo from Inside Jupiter's Rings
Since its exciting arrival at the king of planets last Independence Day, NASA's Juno spacecraft has been hard at work, deeply examining Jupiter. Not to mention, fascinating finds and awe-inspiring photos have trickled in along the way. Yet, among the most stunning photos so far was of Jupiter's rings. Released in NASA's May press release, the image was snapped on August 27 2016!
Most of us instantly associate rings with Saturn. But, our solar system's largest planet has a faint ring system of its own. In fact, all outer planets have rings (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune). Until now, our only photographic evidence of giant Jupiter's ring system came from NASA's Voyager mission in the late 1970s.
Juno's epic photo opp came during the mission's first close-up science flyby. Actually, aside from being the only recent photo of Jupiter's rings, it's also the only photo looking outward at the rings from the planet.
A bonus treasure beyond Jupiter's rings
Finally, beyond Jupiter's rings lie even more treasures in this already legendary photo. Infamous constellation Orion, the hunter appears in the distant background!
In the annotated version of the photo, we see the three obvious "belt" stars. However, dying soon-to-go-supernova star Betelgeuse shines most prominently in the upper-left.


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The Observer XT: sophisticated data selection, clear visualization of data, powerful data analysis, versatile, and with many export and import functions.
Clear visualization of data
The analysis of data often begins with visualizing the event log, one or more videos, audio, and physiological data streams. All data streams are displayed alongside and play in perfect sync. Visualization creates a direct reference between video, audio, and other data: a great tool for quality improvement.
- Continuous recording - the track of continuous scored events is visualized as a horizontal bar in which different colors represent different active states.
- Instantaneous sampling - samples are visualized as dots. The colors correspond with the colors of the continuous scored behaviors and can thus be compared easily.
Explore your results
If you want to find a specific comment quickly, you can use the advanced find functionality. You can search through all or part of your observations to find:
- comments
- subjects
- behaviors
- modifiers
The software provides you with a list of all the events that meet your criteria. This list contains start times, stop times, and durations of each event. You can click on the result and be brought to the right observation, or export the list of results to a spreadsheet program of your choice.
Sophisticated data selection
You can build elaborate filters based on combinations of independent variables, behaviors, physiological data, and time criteria, such as behaviors being active, or select subjects by independent variable. The independent variables are for labeling and filtering: for example treatment, subject ID, observer, and any other important circumstances. All data in the project is available for analysis at all times.
- Extract only the relevant bits for each research question.
- Filter out the relevant data with the powerful and intuitive graphical data selection tool.
- Select events based on their duration.
- Analyze large groups of observations at once, saving a tremendous amount of time.
- Copy data profiles. For example, easily copy-paste the same selection boxes for male subjects as you had already designed for female subjects.
Powerful data analysis
The Observer XT offers descriptive statistics of the coded behavior. Among the possible output are tables of frequencies, durations and other statistics, interaction matrices, and transition matrices. Next to that, synchrony and learning curves are analyzed. Moreover, it is with The Observer XT you can perform a lag sequential analysis to analyze the order of events.
"Noldus has saved me scores of time! I have cut my analysis of observations in half, I am able to immediately transfer raw data to statistical packages, and can review records with ease" [David Rudek- USA].
You can also perform latency analysis. Response latency is the time between the onset of a stimulus and the initiation of the response. This latency analysis in The Observer XT enables you to investigate the relation between stimulus and response in depth.
Report and present results
The Observer XT allows you to create pie charts, scatter plots (with trend lines), or other visual representations of your results. You can easily use these illustrations for presentations purposes. Save the graph and present it in your PowerPoint presentation or research article. You can also take a snapshot of your event plot, with just a push of a button, and use this in your report or presentation.
Reliability analysis: inter-rater and intra-rater
In collaborative projects it is vital to avoid observer bias. An important tool to detect this, is reliability analysis: observations by different coders (inter-rater) are compared record by record and the software reports Cohen's Kappa, along with a listing of agreements and disagreements. Reliability analysis is also used for intra-rater reliability, as a basic quality check.
Reliability analysis output includes a confusion matrix in which you can easily spot the disagreements between two observers (or observations of the same scene). You can compare an unlimited number of pairs, and each pair is presented separately so that results are clear and quickly available. You can compare observations with four different methods: Event frequency/sequence, event duration/sequence, event frequency, and event duration. The comparison list is linked to the video, clicking in event allows you to see the point in the video it refers to.
Import functions
The Observer XT is an open system, allowing you to import event data from many different systems and to export data in XML format for use in other systems. The analytical powers of The Observer XT can easily be used on data from:
Export functions
You can easily select which data to export. Data from The Observer XT can be used in other packages for further analysis. Export the event data together with external data such as heart rate data. You can split up the results in intervals and the layout of results is completely customizable to the requirements of receiving software packages such as:
- Microsoft Excel
The export to Excel functionality has been optimized, allowing you to export directly from the observation and analysis. By merging header rows, Excel format files can be imported directly into SPSS. This saves valuable time, eliminating the need to adjust the data. A Software Development Kit (SDK) is available for developers who want to build their own modules or interfaces with other systems.


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As a senior at Lee's Summit High School in Missouri, Tegenkamp won state titles in the 800 and 1600 and finished fifth at the Footlocker National Cross Country Championships. He spent his college years at the University of Wisconsin fighting injury after injury, but these days the American two-mile record holder is injury-free. He uses core exercises to keep himself strong and avoid injury.
His advice: A strong core makes a strong runner.
"When I was injured a lot in college," says Tegenkamp, "I would do exercises to strengthen my core. Then I'd forget about them when I got back to running." But Pascal Dobert, a 2000 Olympian whose career ended abruptly because of injury, convinced Tegenkamp to keep up with the core work. "It's helped me get physically stronger and allowed me to handle harder training," Tegenkamp says. He typically does two core sessions per week, each lasting 40 minutes to an hour and focusing on the abs and hips. But even three 10-minute sessions per week on easy days will make a difference.
Try It: To see Tegenkamp's entire core routine, check out runnersworld.com/tegenkamp.


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In 1999, the world of the Prodigals went out with a bang. The Oblivion had already consumed the majority of the Shadowlands, turning it into The Great Tempest, and by now it was taking over the Deep Umbra and Far Dreaming. It had even managed to break into the Physical Realm creating something the mystics called "The Red Eye," a bright red star that shone in the sky, day and night, never moving, yet seen from anywhere across the globe. If the Prodigal scholars of the time, or the eye-witness accounts of the survivors for that matter, were to be believed, the gaze of Oblivion's Red Eye fell upon the Antediluvians, stirring them from their slumber.
What follows are first hand reports found in the Chicago-land Area detailing the lives (or unlives) of Prodigals during what they all called "The End of Times."


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Prevalence, predisposing factors, and prognosis of clinically unrecognized myocardial infarction in the elderly
Author + information
- Received March 4, 1999
- Revision received July 30, 1999
- Accepted October 5, 1999
- Published online January 1, 2000.
Author Information
- Stuart E Sheifer, MD∗,* (sheifers{at}gusun.georgetown.edu),
- Bernard J Gersh, MB, ChB, D.Phil, FACC†,
- N.David Yanez III, PhD‡,
- Philip A Ades, MD, FACC§,
- Gregory L Burke, MD∥ and
- Teri A Manolio, MD¶
- ↵*Reprint requests and correspondence: Stuart E. Sheifer, Fellow, Division of Cardiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 4 Main, 3800 Reservoir Road, N.W., Washington, DC 20007
This study was designed to determine the prevalence of unrecognized myocardial infarction (UMI), as well as risk factors, and to compare prognosis after detection of previously UMI to that after recognized myocardial infarction (RMI).
Past studies revealed that a significant proportion of MIs escape recognition, and that prognosis after such events is poor, but the epidemiology of UMI has not been reassessed in the contemporary era.
The Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) database, composed of individuals ≥65, was queried for participants who, at entry, demonstrated electrocardiographic evidence of a prior Q-wave MI, but who lacked a history of this diagnosis. The features and outcomes of this group were compared to those of individuals with prevalent RMI.
Of 5,888 participants, 901 evidenced a past MI, and 201 (22.3%) were previously unrecognized. The independent predictors of UMI were the absence of angina and the absence of congestive heart failure (CHF). Six-year mortality did not significantly differ between the two groups.
1) In the elderly, UMI continues to represent a significant proportion of all MIs; 2) associations with angina and CHF may reflect complex neurological issues, but they also may represent diagnosis bias; 3) these individuals can otherwise not be distinguished from those with recognized infarctions; and 4) mortality rates after UMI and RMI are similar. Future studies should address screening for UMI, risk stratification after detection of previously UMI, and the role of standard post-MI therapies.
Past cohort studies have demonstrated that 25% to 40% of myocardial infarctions (MIs) are clinically unrecognized. Because these infarctions are accompanied by minimal or no symptoms, they escape detection until ultimately an electrocardiogram (ECG) is performed for screening or other clinical purposes. The risk associated with unrecognized MI (UMI) has been demonstrated to be substantial, with a long-term total mortality as poor or worse than that of recognized myocardial infarction (RMI) (1–7).
Significant limitations exist to our current understanding of UMI. In each of the prior cohort studies, either all or most of the follow-up interval occurred before 1990, and prevalence and prognosis may have changed over time. These studies included few women and very few elderly. Also, it remains uncertain whether the predisposing factors for UMI are simply the traditional risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis, or whether UMI patients have unique characteristics that distinguish them from those with recognized events. In large part, this is due to a paucity of multivariate analyses designed specifically to predict infarct recognition. Finally, there is insufficient evidence to determine whether "recognition status" is independently associated with prognosis after MI, especially in older adults.
The Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) is an ongoing population-based investigation of elderly men and women that employs multiple modalities, including serial ECGs, to identify novel markers of risk for cardiovascular disease. It therefore provides an opportunity to address several of the unanswered questions about UMI. This analysis was performed to determine the prevalence of UMI and the factors that independently distinguish individuals with UMI from those with RMI. In addition, it was designed to compare the long-term prognoses of these two types of MI.
Data collection
The design of the CHS has been fully described elsewhere (8,9). In brief, this longitudinal cohort study follows 5,888 individuals aged 65 years or more for cardiovascular events. Enrollment at four field centers in the U.S. began in 1989. Participants, the majority of whom were free of overt cardiovascular (CV) disease at the time of entry, are tracked annually with questionnaires regarding medical history, medication use, and CV risk factors. In addition, they receive annual evaluations, which include physical examinations, neurologic and psychosocial assessments, laboratory studies, and noninvasive tests, including ECGs.
Electrocardiogram analysis and diagnostic criteria for UMI
Standard 12-lead resting ECGs were obtained via the MAC PC-DT ECG recorder (Marquette Electronics, Milwaukee, Wisconsin). The results were transmitted to the CHS Electrocardiographic Reading Center for analysis using the NOVACODE measurement and classification system (10). To identify individuals with prior UMI, the CHS database was queried for subjects who evidenced a prior myocardial infarction on the entry ECG, but who answered either "no" or "don't know" to the entry question "Has a doctor ever told you that you had a myocardial infarction or heart attack?" Electrocardiographic criteria for prior infarction included the presence of Q-waves that were of sufficient duration and amplitude to meet the lead-specific standards of the Minnesota Code (codes 1-1 through 1-2, except 1-2-8). Alternative criteria included the presence of smaller Q-waves (code 1-2-8 or 1-3), when combined with significant ST-segment or T-wave abnormalities (codes 4-1 through 4-3, or codes 5-2 through 5-3) (11).
Identification of risk factors for UMI
The SPSS for Windows Release 8.0.0 software was used for all statistical analyses in this investigation, and for all hypothesis testing, a p value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant (12). To evaluate factors potentially associated with UMI, characteristics of those with prevalent UMI, those with prevalent RMI, and those with no prior MI were compared (three-way analysis of variance [ANOVA] for continuous variables; three-way chi-square for categorical variables). Factors of interest included demographic characteristics, traditional risk factors for coronary artery disease, the promising novel risk marker Factor VII, past CV diagnoses and symptoms, the results of noninvasive tests (such as FEV1 [forced expiratory volume in 1 s by pulmonary function testing]), and several psychosocial variables.
Next, to identify factors that predict whether an infarct will be recognized, bivariate logistic regression analyses were performed, with each of the characteristics described above tested as an independent variable, and with infarct type (UMI vs. RMI) as the dependent variable. Finally, to identify factors that independently distinguish those with UMI from those with RMI, a stepwise logistic regression model predicting infarct recognition was generated. Factors tested in this model included those that were significant, at a p value ≤0.10, in bivariate analysis.
Outcome assessments
Annual mortality was tabulated both for subjects with prevalent UMI and for those with prior RMI. Median follow-up to date in the CHS is 5.4 years (mean: 4.8 years). Cause of death was ascertained using a standardized review process, which considered death certificate data, coroner/medical examiner reports, and interviews with next of kin (13). Cardiovascular (CV) death was defined as that due to coronary artery disease, stroke, congestive heart failure (CHF), or peripheral vascular disease. Non-CV death was defined as death from any other cause. Total, CV, and non-CV mortality of the two groups were compared, using both chi-square and Kaplan-Meier analyses. Finally, to identify independent predictors of mortality in the entire MI cohort, a Cox proportional hazards model was assembled. Factors tested in this model included age, gender, traditional coronary risk factors, CHF, and infarct recognition status (UMI vs. RMI). Each of the bivariate predictors of UMI were also tested for significance.
Definitions of selected clinical variables
Prevalent RMI was documented as present when, at entry, a participant did recall being told by a doctor that he or she had had a MI or heart attack. Angina was defined as reported symptoms at baseline that were confirmed by medication use, prior coronary events, a discharge abstract form, and/or a physician questionnaire. Congestive heart failure was documented as present if there was reported CHF at baseline and confirmation by the subject's medication list, a discharge abstract form, or a physician questionnaire. Cerebrovascular disease was defined as subject-reported or physician-diagnosed stroke or transient ischemic attack. Claudication was based on symptoms reported at baseline and/or on baseline examination.
Hypertension (HTN) was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥160 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥95 mm Hg, or a reported history of HTN that was confirmed by current use of an antihypertensive medication. Diabetes mellitus was defined as a reported history of diabetes, insulin or oral hypoglycemic use, or fasting blood glucose ≥140. Family history of coronary artery disease was based on reported MI in a sibling.
At baseline, 901 of the 5,888 participants (15.3%) evidenced a prior MI, and 201 (22.3%) of these were unrecognized. Table 1demonstrates the characteristics of the no-MI, UMI, and RMI subgroups. In unadjusted comparisons, there were several factors that differed significantly among these populations. Within the demographic variables, age was highest in the UMI group and male gender was most frequent in the RMI group. Conventional risk factors also differed among the three groups, including hypertension, which was most frequent in the UMI population, and family history of coronary artery disease, which was most frequent in the RMI population. Rates of several clinical syndromes also differed significantly among these subgroups. Angina, CHF, cerebrovascular disease, and claudication were all more frequent in the RMI population, while FEV1 was lowest on average in the subjects with UMI.
Factors associated with UMI
The results of bivariate modeling, comparing the UMI and RMI subgroups, are presented in Table 2. Several factors were found to be significant bivariate predictors of UMI, including female gender, increasing age and blood pressure. Also, the absence of common CV diagnoses, including angina, CHF, and claudication, predicted that an MI would be unrecognized. Additional factors that were associated with UMI included the absence of a family history of coronary artery disease, low FEV1, increasing Factor VII level, and good or excellent self-assessed health status. Former smoking was associated with recognized infarction.
Results of the stepwise logistic regression analysis are displayed in Table 3. This revealed that the sole independent predictors of UMI were the absence of angina and the absence of CHF. There was also a trend toward an independent association with low FEV1. Given the established impact of gender and height on FEV1, we controlled for these factors in the regression analysis.
Six-year total, CV, and non-CV mortality rates of the two MI subgroups, as compared by chi-square analyses, are presented in Table 4. These analyses demonstrated that the mortality rate for those with prevalent UMI was significantly higher than that for those with no history of infarction, and it was not significantly different from that of individuals with RMI. Additional comparisons of the recognized and unrecognized infarction groups showed that subjects with UMI have a significantly lower CV mortality rate, but also a trend toward more frequent non-CV death.
Kaplan-Meier analyses (Figs. 1 through 3)⇓⇓⇓generated similar results. Specifically, they showed that mean duration of survival in the UMI group (5.36 years) was significantly worse than in the population without MI (5.68 years) (p < 0.001), but not significantly different from that among subjects with prior recognized infarctions (5.18 years) (p = 0.26). Once again, the similar survival in the two MI populations appears to represent the combined effect of significantly lower CV mortality (p = 0.015) and a nonsignificant trend toward greater non-CV mortality (p = 0.22) in subjects whose infarctions were unrecognized (Figs. 2 and 3).
In Cox proportional hazards modeling (Table 5), the independent predictors of death after MI were increased age, male gender, CHF, diabetes mellitus, and fair or poor perception of one's personal health status. Infarct recognition was not an independent predictor of mortality. However, there was a significant interaction between infarct recognition status and family history, and there was a trend toward a significant interaction between infarct recognition and hypertension.
Primary findings
Among the elderly, UMI represents 22.3% of all MIs. Factors that independently distinguish individuals with UMI from those with clinically detected infarction include the absence of angina and the absence of CHF. Other demographic and clinical features, including age and traditional risk factors, are not independently associated with infarct recognition. Long-term mortality after UMI is not significantly different from that after RMI.
Frequency of UMI
Although greater than one-fifth of all MIs in the CHS were clinically unrecognized, prior studies have suggested that the relative frequency of UMI is even greater. In a 1990 Framingham analysis, UMI represented 30% of all infarctions (6). Similarly, studies of the Reykjavik cohort demonstrated that 35% of infarctions in men and 33% all infarctions in women escaped clinical detection (5,14). Also, in the Bronx Aging Study, which evaluated individuals at least 75 years of age, 43.5% of MIs were clinically unrecognized (15).
These differences are probably both methodological and demographic. The ECG criteria for MI varied among studies, and differences in baseline characteristics may have contributed as well. Also, improvements over time in patient education, physician awareness, and diagnostic testing may have reduced the frequency with which infarcts escape clinical attention. Finally, whereas the Framingham analysis addressed incident infarctions, our investigation focused on prevalent MI, and thus prevalence-incidence bias may have impacted on the findings (6,16). More specifically, incident UMIs resulting in early mortality might be underrepresented in our sample, and this might have led to an underestimate of the frequency of this event.
It should be noted, however, that, due to their reliance on the ECG to document MI, probably all of the available studies have underestimated the frequency of UMI. As Q-wave criteria were employed to make this diagnosis, many previously unrecognized infarctions were probably never detected. These would include UMIs resulting in sudden cardiac death, unrecognized non-Q-wave MIs, and unrecognized Q-wave infarcts in which, over time, the Q waves resolved (7,17).
Factors associated with UMI
A key issue in identifying factors associated with UMI is the comparison group. In several prior investigations, those with UMI were compared to all other subjects in the study population, or to all those free of prior infarction (1,2). In other studies, in which the intent was to identify factors that distinguish those with UMI from those with RMI, investigators performed bivariate analyses comparing these two groups only (3,5,6). However, to determine whether a factor is independentlyassociated with infarct recognition, multivariate regression, with recognition status as the dependent variable, is necessary. To our knowledge, this investigation is the only study to include this type of model.
Results of bivariate models
Several of the bivariate findings in CHS merit closer inspection. Consistent with prior studies, increasing SBP and DBP were significant bivariate risk factors for UMI (1–3). These findings support physiologic studies suggesting that mechanisms that control blood pressure are interrelated with those that determine pain perception (18–23).
Agehas also been a consistent bivariate predictor of UMI (6). In the Reykjavik cohort, the odds ratio for UMI, per year of age, equaled 1.10 (95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 1.12) (5). These findings are consistent with the general notion that the manifestations of disease are often blunted in the elderly. Also consistent with previous analyses is the association of female genderwith UMI (6), which may relate to gender differences in clinical presentation, as well as diagnosis bias.
Finally, while diabetesis believed to induce cardiac sensory and autonomic neuropathy, and while diabetics have been shown to have a high prevalence of silent ischemia, in CHS, as in prior studies, diabetes was not associated with infarct recognition (3,5,6,24). This was true not only for diabetes in general, but also for the subgroup of diabetics on insulin or oral hypoglycemic therapy. Confounding factors that may override the effects of neuropathy include the intensity of CV screening and counseling provided to diabetics, as well as the relatively high frequency of emergent complications accompanying infarction in diabetic patients (25).
Results of multivariate analysis
In multivariate modeling, none of these traditional risk factors independently distinguished those with UMI from those with RMI. Instead, the major independent associations were with CV symptoms and diagnoses, including angina. Among men in the Framingham study, 53% of subjects with RMIs had a history of angina, but only 24% of the individuals with UMIs reported this symptom. In women, the percentages were 45 and 33, respectively, and the Reykjavik study produced similar results (5,6). In the CHS, not only were the differences in rates of angina more dramatic (63% vs. 19%), but also the absence of this symptom independently predicted that an infarct would be unrecognized.
This finding may simply be due to diagnosis bias. Individuals with a diagnosis of angina probably receive more aggressive CV follow-up than do others without this diagnosis. When they develop new or changing symptoms, even if mild or nonspecific, they are probably more likely to undergo a thorough CV evaluation to determine whether a new event has occurred (26). These patients and their families may receive more aggressive education and counseling regarding coronary artery disease, and they may consequently be better equipped to recognize the symptoms of MI and seek medical attention.
Alternatively, this association may be grounded in a generalized hyposensitivity to myocardial ischemia, otherwise known as a "defective anginal warning system" (27). Basic science investigations have identified several possible neuropsychiatric disruptions that could block normal warning mechanisms. These include insufficient myocardial receptor stimulation, cardiac neuropathy, and a host of complex supratentorial phenomena, including stoicism and denial (28–35).
The independent association with CHF and the trend toward an independent association with low FEV1 are more difficult to interpret, but they also suggest that diagnosis bias contributes to UMI. Patients with the diagnosis of CHF, like those with angina, are typically followed closely for CV symptoms and events. Conversely, patients with a low FEV1 typically carry pulmonary diagnoses, and when they develop chest symptoms, physicians may be predisposed to attribute them to respiratory problems.
The associations of CHF and FEV1 may also in part be based on neuropsychiatric phenomena. More specifically, they may relate to anatomic and physiologic gates in the afferent nervous system, at which sensory impulses may collide and abolish each other. It has been suggested that in some, when these gates are bombarded with respiratory stimuli, pain or pressure impulses from the heart may be blocked (36).
Prognosis of UMI
This study also confirms that unrecognized infarctions have significant clinical implications. Total mortality was significantly greater in the UMI group than in those with no prior infarction. In addition, while the association between infarct recognition status and outcome varied with the presence or absence of coronary risk factors, total mortality did not significantly differ between the UMI and RMI groups. These results are similar to those in the Reykjavik Study, in which 15-year mortality in men with UMI was 55%, as compared to 52% for those with a previously recognized infarct (5).
This poor prognosis may relate to non-CV co-morbidity. In comparison to subjects with prior recognized infarctions, individuals with prevalent UMI were approximately 30% more likely to die a non-CV death over the study period. Perhaps non-CV co-morbidity may impact on individuals' ability to sense infarction, and therefore also on their tendency to ascribe symptoms to coronary artery disease.
Subjects with UMI may have also been adversely affected by delays in diagnosis and treatment. When a CHS examination identifies a previously unrecognized infarction, the subject's personal physician is notified. However, even if the physician chooses to prescribe standard postinfarction medications, their initiation may occur years after the MI. This may explain why UMI subjects, as compared to participants with RMI, had more adverse coronary risk profiles, including higher mean cholesterol and blood pressure, and a greater prevalence of current smoking. This investigation was not designed to address differences in treatment between the UMI and RMI populations.
Study limitations
This study has several limitations. First, it addressed prevalent infarctions, and not incident events. This may have had implications for data quality, and it limited our assessment of risk factors for UMI, as we could not evaluate temporal associations. However, in the CHS to date, the number of incident infarcts is insufficient to answer with adequate statistical power the relevant questions about UMI. A second important limitation of this investigation was the use of self-report in the coding of MI, as it created the potential for recall bias. In particular, using self-report to document RMI might have led to an overestimate of its prevalence. In the CHS, each reported infarction prompts a standardized review process, including evaluation of ECGs, discharge abstract forms, and physician questionnaires. This process confirmed only 471 of the 700 prevalent recognized infarctions. However, if a substantial number of the reported infarctions were erroneous, then the true relative frequency of UMI would be even greater than reported, and this would further support our conclusion that a substantial proportion of infarctions are unrecognized. Finally, given that the CHS cohort has been followed for only six years, it is possible that, with longer follow-up, significant differences in total mortality between infarct groups will emerge.
Study implications
Despite these limitations, these results have important implications for further study, and for patient care. First, the impact of the absence of angina on risk for UMI needs to be explored further. Subsequent investigations should evaluate potential neuropsychiatric explanations, as they may provide insight into the pathophysiology of UMI. Alternatively though, if they are negative, more emphasis should be placed on the potential role of diagnosis bias. Appendix
While these investigations are ongoing, cost-effective screening mechanisms should be identified, as they may promote early diagnosis of prior UMI, early management, and potentially improved outcomes. More specifically, because it appears that UMI cannot be independently predicted by traditional clinical factors, the potential costs and benefits of routine screening ECGs in all individuals with coronary risk factors should be assessed. Also, because the prognosis after UMI is as poor as that after recognized infarction, it may be prudent to evaluate coronary risk in affected individuals thoroughly. Strategies for risk stratification after detection of a previously unrecognized infarct should be evaluated. It would be particularly valuable to define tests and patient characteristics that predict outcome post-UMI, so as to identify patients who may benefit from more aggressive therapy. Finally, future studies should investigate the role of standard post-MI therapies in this interesting subset of patients.
The cardiovascular health study: participating institutions and principal staff
Forsyth County, NC—Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake-Forest University: Gregory L. Burke, Sharon Jackson, Alan Elster, Walter H. Ettinger, Curt D. Furberg, Gerardo Heiss, Dalane Kitzman, Margie Lamb, David S. Lefkowitz, Mary F. Lyles, Cathy Nunn, Ward Riley, John Chen, Beverly Tucker; Forsyth County, NC—Bowman Gray School of Medicine-ECG Reading Center: Farida Rautaharju, Pentti Rautaharju.
Sacramento County, CA—University of California, Davis: William Bommer, Charles Bernick, Andrew Duxbury, Mary Haan, Calvin Hirsch, Lawrence Laslett, Marshall Lee, John Robbins, Richard White.
Washington County, MD—The Johns Hopkins University: M. Jan Busby-Whitehead, Joyce Chabot, George W. Comstock, Adrian Dobs, Linda P. Fried, Joel G. Hill, Steven J. Kittner, Shiriki Kumanyika, David Levine, Joao A. Lima, Neil R. Powe, Thomas R. Price, Jeff Williamson, Moyses Szklo, Melvyn Tockman.
MRI Reading Center, Washington County, MD—The Johns Hopkins University: R. Nick Bryan, Norman Beauchamp, Carolyn C. Meltzer, Naiyer Iman, Douglas Fellows, Melanie Hawkins, Patrice Holtz, Michael Kraut, Grace Lee, Larry Schertz, Cynthia Quinn, Earl P. Steinberg, Scott Wells, Linda Wilkins, Nancy C. Yue.
Allegheny County, PA—University of Pittsburgh: Diane G. Ives, Charles A. Jungreis, Laurie Knepper, Lewis H. Kuller, Elaine Meilahn, Peg Meyer, Roberta Moyer, Anne Newman, Richard Schulz, Vivienne E. Smith, Sidney K. Wolfson.
Echocardiography Reading Center (Baseline)—University of California, Irvine: Hoda Anton-Culver, Julius M. Gardin, Margaret Knoll, Tom Kurosaki, Nathan Wong. Echocardiography Reading Center (Follow-up)—Georgetown Medical Center: John Gottdiener, Eva Hausner, Stephen Kraus, Judy Gay, Sue Livengood, Mary Ann Yohe, Retha Webb; Ultrasound Reading Center—Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania: Daniel H. O'Leary, Joseph F. Polak, Laurie Funk.
Central Blood Analysis Laboratory—University of Vermont: Edwin Bovill, Elaine Cornell, Mary Cushman, Russell P. Tracy; Respiratory Sciences—University of Arizona–Tuscon: Paul Enright; Coordinating Center—University of Washington, Seattle: Alice Arnold, Annette L. Fitzpatrick, Bonnie K. Lind, Richard A. Kronmal, Bruce M. Psaty, David S. Siscovick, Lynn Shemanski, Will Longstreth, Patricia W. Wahl, David Yanez, Paula Diehr, Maryann McBurnie, Chuck Spiekerman, Scott Emerson, Cathy Tangen, Priscilla Velentgas; NHLBI Project Office: Robin Boineau, Teri A. Manolio, Peter J. Savage, Patricia Smith.
☆ The research reported in this article was supported by contracts N01-HC-85079 through HC-85085, HC-95103, and HC-35129 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
- Abbreviations
- congestive heart failure
- Cardiovascular Health Study
- cardiovascular
- diastolic blood pressure
- forced expiratory volume in 1 s by pulmonary function testing
- hypertension
- myocardial infarction
- recognized myocardial infarction
- systolic blood pressure
- unrecognized myocardial infarction
- Received March 4, 1999.
- Revision received July 30, 1999.
- Accepted October 5, 1999.
- American College of Cardiology
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- ↵SPSS for Windows Release 8.0.0. Chicago: SPSS, 1997.
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- Zanger D.R.,
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July 14, 2015 | By Alec
While bigger is almost always better in the world of manufacturing, this isn't always completely true for 3D printers. After all, while small 3D printers are perfect for prototyping small components quickly, large scale 3D printers and large prototypes can take agonizingly long – partly negating the benefits of the technology. However, one Barcelona-based startup called Allied Dimensions has just unveiled a solution: the LSBP 3D printer, specifically designed to 3D print up to six large components at high speeds and with multiple materials. Perfect for efficiently prototyping on a large scale.
The young startup Allied Dimensions is completely run by Jere Hiltunen who, as he explains to 3ders.org, specialized in designing well-tailored custom tech solutions for clients. The first of these designs to reach continuous production is this LSBP 3D printer, which is short Large Scale Batch Printer. 'I have been working on the printer project since last summer very intensively. The initial idea for it came when I wanted to print small series of mechanical products to sell and realised that the current models just don't deliver fast enough printing to make a viable production possible,' Jere explains. 'The initial design has gone through many changes and iterations and there has been somewhat 3500 hours of designing and prototyping and test using.'
But the machine he came up with is definitely impressive. You will have doubtlessly seen footage of those 3D printer farms before, but this machine has been specifically designed to be an alternative to them. 'LSBP combines the benefits of a fast large volume printer (W840 mm xD840 mm xH800mm) with the benefits of a multihead serial printer covering everything in between them,' Jere tells us. The secret to its high speed, meanwhile, is in the ultra-light carriage system made from carbon fiber. Without explaining too much of the details, Jere says it features a novel bearing solution that provides a super sturdy yet light and fast system. In short, everything you need to open the way for a large variety of 3D printing options and functions.
Of course, several large scale 3D printers are already commercially available, but Jere tells us that his machine stands out due to its printhead flexibility. The LSBP 3D printer will come with six different printing heads that can be snapped in place and be used separately or simultaneously, depending on your own printing needs. 'The real difference to the ones already on the market is the ultimate flexibility and modularity to scale the build space for the amount of the printheads and also mix the way the printheads work,' he argues. 'With only 1 head you can print a massive piece and adding heads divides the space accordingly without marginals. You can also configure the printer to be a multi-material printer with several heads - Let's say 3 materials for 2 sets of heads or 2 for 3 or even 6 for 1.'
But at the same time, users are expected to have little more than regular knowledge of 3D printers, as the machine depends on open source firmwares and a very easy system for changing printheads. 'Also cleaning and adjusting the printheads is easy since you can pop it out the machine for closer inspection and then just push it back on its place,' Jere adds. And with the entire printbed being heated and the 3D printer itself being able to use a whole kilogram of filament at a time (with larger spool feeder systems optional), it has everything you need for some serious large scale printing.
Of course, a 3D printer of this capacity is huge (weighing about 80 kilograms and features exterior size of 1120 x 1040 x 1230 mm) and not cheap, with the basic setup costing €12,000 (or about $13,250 USD). Other building options (including smaller units) will also be made available. Unfortunately, these very remarkable 3D printers haven't quite hit the shelves yet, but will enter production in Barcelona in September 2015 (alongside a series of fabrication machines that include CNC mills and laser cutters). However, pre-ordering is already available, so if you're interested you can contact Allied Dimensions through their website here to get your hands a machine customized to your preferences.
Posted in 3D Printers
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- Cimatron names Terry Wohlers as first member of 3D Printing Advisory Board
JD90 wrote at 7/14/2015 3:56:25 PM:
Their web site is basically a photo and a contact page. They don't have any social media accounts. I haven't found any videos of the machine in operation. Even a time lapse would be interesting.


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History of Poker
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The Last Aussie Busts at WSOP
[ Posted July 19th, 2011 ] by admin
Andrew Hinrichsen was the last bust of todays play. He was set to make a reasonable run at the final table, however his AK was no match of Eoghan O'Dea's KK. The board ran out all hearts and with O'dea's King of hearts it sent Hinrichsen to the rail.
Tony Hachem also had a deep run this year finishing in 37th.
Payouts for the 2 Aussie's are as follows:
Andrew Hinrichsen 23rd – $302,005 USD
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Tags: 2011 WSOP Results, Andrew Hinrichsen, Aussie's at the WSOP, Australians in the WSOP, Tony Hachem, WSOP Main Event
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Browse Atchison County, Missouri real estate listings, homes for sale, and local information with the local expertise and insight of RE/MAX Midstates real estate agents.
Information is provided in part by the IDX program of the Northwest Missouri Board of REALTORS®. All information provided is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed and should be independently verified.


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You might have noticed me banging on about pedals at some point recently.*
First of all there was the tentative first step on a road, surely, to YouTube stardom, in the form of this video talking everyone through the pedals I use in 'time' by Beats & Pieces Big Band:
Hot on the heels of this is the exciting (for me) news that this book has been published:
Written by Rob Thorpe, the book is essentially a guide to what pedal does what, how to combine effects, how to get certain classic tones and much more, including an interview with me about my pedalboard where I presumably talk way too much and have to get edited to make sense.
To continue the theme, I have a gig coming up on Wednesday where I shall exclusively be playing pedals (who needs a guitar right?). It's the latest in a series of collaborations with the Vonnegut Collective, and the gig features Gemma Bass (violin), Gary Farr (trumpet) and Graham South (trumpet), all being processed by Norm Skipp (electronics) and myself on pedals. 8pm, Wednesday 6th March, tickets here.
(and pedals)
Oh, and where better to host a gig with such an abundance of pedals? A bike shop, of course.
That's all for now folks, if you still want more pedals, here's a video of me trying out a K.M.A. Astrospurt phaser that Rob lent me after doing the interview for his book.
*this opening sentence works whenever you are reading this.


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Now then, Kate Spade markets this as the perfect Bridesmaids gift, but I've broken rank here and bought them out for all my best friends - bridesmaids or not for the future. When it comes to Christmas, tis the season to tell people how important they are to you, right? And this year I'm going with a real theme of giving a gift that can be worn and remembered all year round. So you'll certainly understand how this plays the perfect part. Let's just say this Kate Spade bracelet says everything it needs to: Best Friend Forever (written inside) and "Birds of a feather, two of a kind, perfect pair, partners in crime, peas in a pod, sidekick (outside)." {Kate Spade BFF Bracelet $58}
Day 7 FFG Advent Calendar: A golden moment for your BFF
posted on: Sunday, 7 December 2014
Labels: Advent Calendar . Kate spade


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Fundraisers are a great way to make performance and education tours more accessible to more students. Though they take planning and foresight, their results are encouraging. One of our top fundraising schools raised $33,000. Additionally, the average school that fundraises raised enough money to pay for 7.6 students to travel for free.
Note: Please remind parents that any fundraising questions should be directed toward the school, not toward Brightspark Travel.
Help Me Travel
Once students have registered for their tour, our Help Me Travel program allows them to automatically send emails requesting donations to family and friends. This email will lead them to a web page where they can easily enter the donation amount of their choice.


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Auricular Medicine
This is a non-invasive system of assessment and treatment through the ear that relies on direct feedback from the body that can help identify the causes of many illnesses. This approach has been used to identify various diseases dating back to ancient times.
However, it was in the 1950s that award winning French neurologist Dr. Paul Nogier first developed this sophisticated technique of assessment to help his patients. Nogier's research revealed that the ear is energetically connected to the entire body: a microsystem. This means that the outer ear is a tiny microcosm of living energya comprehensive acupuncture system representing the entire body.
Imagine your brain as a computer. Inside this computer is a map of the entire body. This map is projected onto your EAR through your nervous system. Finding the points on the map is like using a computers keyboard or mouse to gain entrance into the system.
The ear has reflex points, which represent all organs, glands and tissues in the body. Each reflex area connects with the body through the brain, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. This reflex area allows the ear to be used for the detection of imbalances in the body and therefore can be used as a medium to facilitate healing.
Advantages of Auricular Medicine:
Human studies have shown that stimulation of ear acupuncture points appears to cause the systemic release of endorphins.
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This web site has a collection of lovable patterns from the Nineteen Forties for kitchen towels. Harga kitchen set per meter – Khusus kitchen set, perhitungannya hanya dihitung meter lari atau panjangnya saja. Spacious Walk-In Pantry keeps meals objects available and in tip-prime shape with an organized kitchen pantry. Position of the Kitchen: The good course is the path that auspicious with the hearth component. In reality many Experts even recommendation to keep the microwave out of the Kitchen as they are conductors of radiation. For instance, choose your favorite image and form it with the tiles onto your kitchen backlashes or use different supplies for each colour. Add kitchen shelf in a brilliant colour to the kitchen wall and set nostalgic 50s kitchen objects on the shelf. Water dishes for animals will need a unique house however apart from that your wood flooring is a superb option for the kitchen.
For occasion, some individuals may want their three items to be a range, sink and microwave. My kitchen is totally open to the nice room and eating area, but it was not that method in the authentic plan. Clad from counter to ceiling with durable chocolate-brown porcelain tiles, this backsplash harmonizes with the creamy-hue onyx and oak-veneer cabinetry in the kitchen. For instance, you can choose to have a ground with tiles formed into alternating diamonds of various colors and contrast that with the other colours and objects within the kitchen. Instead of with the ability to prepare your food quicker and more effectively, you'd simply find yourself spending extra time figuring out how you can work via the highly disorganized kitchen arrangement and space that you have. You have to ensure that you employ every space, along with every cabinet and cabinet in your kitchen area properly.
She doesn't need a brush or a wire whisk to ride on. I fell in love with this apple head kitchen witch standing on the shelf of a specialty store and needed to have it. Unfortunately dried fruits, like this apple head doll will continue to shrivel up and darken after being uncovered to mild after a few years.
Sangat penting untuk memproteksi countertop kitchen set minimalis laminateing anda setelah melakukan home improvement dengan menggunakan papan talenan , tivets dan alas ketika anda sedang bekerja. Take out the soffit – set up a couple of taller cupboards and glaze in your chosen coloration and then you've got a completely new kitchen without the expense and time of an entire renovation. You can always buy one kitchen knife block or holder if you want a unified look for them. Gone are the times when you have to struggle with the traditional setup that you could be now have in your kitchen. Another essential consideration when it comes to selecting the most effective kitchen and design firm to your needs is the affordability of the providers that they offer. He/she ought to possess vast knowledge on the nationwide and native design building codes and ideally, the National Kitchen and Bath Association ideas. The kitchen firm should also be dependable on the subject of all of their companies.
Good Lighting and Ventilation: Make certain your kitchen is effectively-lighted and nicely-ventilated. Most kitchen designs are lacking in storage – and especially in usable and handy storage. I make my dwelling shopping for, refurbishing and installing business kitchen tools and likewise selling these pieces on ebay often. However, keep in mind that there is a treatment for every bad placement in the Kitchen and a Feng Shui Expert may help in this state of affairs. Kami jasa kitchen set murah membuka pelayanan jasa pembuatan kitchen set space BSD Bintaro, hal ini dikarenakan banyaknya permintaan customer di area bintaro untuk pembuatan inside atau kittchen set. Varied shades of blue and green within the backsplash tile add a refreshing burst of colour in this tranquil kitchen. There is an enormous vary to select from on the subject of cheap kitchen cabinets.


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Immobilienmakler Heidelberg
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This much-awaited, second edition of the wildly popular Incredible 5-Point Scale is, as the title suggests, "significantly improved and expanded." Using the same practical and user-friendly format as the first edition, Buron and Curtis let readers benefit from work done with the scales over the past 10 years, to result in refinements to the original scales, now considered "classics" in homes and classrooms across the country and abroad, as well as lots of new scales specifically designed for two groups of individuals: young children and those with more classic presentations of autism, including expanded use of the Anxiety Curve. Another welcome addition is a list of goals and objectives related to incorporating scales in students' IEPs. Also, a free online downloadable content, which includes blank scales, small portable scales and worksheets for easy duplication is available. As in their other writings, the authors emphasize the importance of self-management and self-regulation, two evidence-based practices.
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Definition of Property
Definition Last Updated 17-Dec-2015 12:51
A property is a named attribute, as opposed to an attribute identified by description. Being a property is therefore a contingent fact about an attribute, i.e. it is created by allocating a name to a quality that is attributed or attributable to particular entities.
In speaking of a specific property (meaning a specific characteristic) of a particular thing there is no ambiguity between property and attribute because the quality has necessarily been attributed to that thing; under such circumstances, property and attribute may be used interchangeably.
See also attribute.
Property is a defined term of Enterprise Architecture. Property is a defined term of Business Analysis.
Article Last Updated 17-Dec-2015 12:51
The need for (or value of) the term property is not entirely clear; there is some confusion yet to be resolved here. An attribute could, in principle be unnamed if, for example, it was identified by the method for determining the value of a characteristic, but a case could be made that the method is just a long name and that more common names, such as "mass" refer to standard methods for value determination.
Relationships to Other Fundamental Concepts
The relationships between properties and other the fundamental concepts (characteristics, states, observables, attributes and tags) are shown in the figure below.


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Photography Classes in Keokee VA
Interested in learning about photography in Keokee VA? No matter if you are a beginner, hobbyist, or professional, the best approach to improving your photography skills is through hands-on classes with knowledgeable instructors.
Virginia offers numerous accredited and recognized photography schools. Topics covered in photography classes include lighting, exposure and composition, posing and unposing, portrait capture, and other photography fundamentals. Being an expert photographer can lead to a successful professional career or lifelong hobby.
There are numerous Photography Classes in Keokee VA:
- Keokee Studio Photography Classes
- Keokee Photography 101
- Keokee Digital Photography Classes
- Keokee Nature Photography Classes
- Keokee Editorial Photography Classes
Keokee VA Photography Classes
Carson-Newman College
1646 S Russell Ave
Jefferson City, Tennessee 37760
Phone: (865) 471-2000
45.48 miles away


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Should your phone be set to vibrate or sound when using your Vector Watch?
Since we're talking about a watch that is attached to your wrist at all times and vibrates whenever you receive a notification or someone gives you a call, there is no need to have your phone sound. The vibrations should be more than enough.


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A Christmas message from John Scott, MSP for Ayr
"During 2008 we need to develop still further the Ayrshire brand"
"2007 has seen good progress made in developing the business and tourist sectors in Ayrshire, and I believe we are on the cusp of a time of new opportunity locally.
"During 2008 we need to develop still further the Ayrshire brand, capitalising on our skilled and flexible local workforce, our improving road, rail and air transport links and the growth opportunities that these present to both domestic companies and businesses seeking to relocate or make investments.
"Government at all levels, the enterprise agencies and other business groups all have a part to play in creating the right conditions for growth and development in Ayrshire, and that's why it is essential that enterprise-friendly policies such as reducing business rates, cutting red tape and speeding up the planning process are given the priority they deserve.
"Above all, we must all work together to send out the message that Ayrshire is a good place to live and work, a part of Scotland that values and encourages economic development, and that as a county we are truly 'open for business'.
"I am glad to have the opportunity to send this message to readers of Ayrshire Scotland Business News, and wish you all a happy and prosperous 2008."
[John Scott was first elected to the Scottish Parliament in March 2000, after winning the Ayr by-election for the Conservative Party. He was re-elected in May 2003 and again in May 2007.]
John Scott's Scottish Parliament web page
Tuesday, 18 December 2007
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I hopped nervously onto the scales this morning, and noted grimly that I had gained Shriek! pounds over Christmas. (There are three Imperial Groans in a Shriek, and roughly two Shrieks to the Ululation. 4 Ululations to the Shitload. I reckon a Groan = 2lbs.)
I'd half expected to gain more: my eating has been pretty profligate since *thinks* well, since Harry became poorly with 'flu in the middle of December, I suppose. I become, under stress, a person with alarmingly embiggened food entitlement issues. As the ever-inspiring Cecily said recently, it's easy to slip into "I deserve" behaviour. And it really is soooo, so sweet and easy when there's festive biscuits, chocolate and cheese under your nose, morning, noon and – literally, because I spent a lot of 'em awake in December – night.
Stepping off the scales, I started furiously planning my assault on Mount Weight. Againagainagain. John has been nagging me to cancel my gym membership, as I've not been since I returned to part-time work back at the end of summer, and I was feeling grimly satisfied that I'd continued my haemorrhage of £30 a month for bugger all, after all. I was busily calculating how long it might take me to get back down to 13 stone (an Ululation+a Shriek away and my self-imposed maximum weight for beginning a pregnancy -or I will end up trampling on my own boobs when I
walk waddle at the end of it) when it dawned on me that my reptile hindbrain is running (figuratively. Even my inner lizard feels podgy) before my higher thought processes have finished deciding whether to walk or not. Againagainagain.
Here's the thing: Nice Consultant, having had a damn good rummage about in my innards, peered closely at everything, blitzed a wee bit of endometriosis on my left uterus, performed a polypectomy (benign) in my right uterus (that was the 'synechia' seen on scan, I expect and hope) and taken two biopsies that came back showing proliferative endometrium with no sign of atypia (the letter said atopia, mind you) has pronounced the Harry-Housed Uterus Of Doom, attached to my one decent-ish ovary, fit for purpose – and would like us 'to try for a baby now.'
I stared miserably at her, sat in the plush surroundings of the local private hospital (as the NHS kindly gave me a surgery follow-up appointment in late March) and tried my best to explain to her why I have such deep-rooted misgivings. I am darkly convinced that the blood supply to my right uterus is borked. I've never, in the 25 years I've been suffering this shit, had a proper bleed from that uterus, pregnancy excepted; primordial brown-black gunk is all I ever get. (That thud you just heard was likely my father slamming the laptop lid shut in hasty recoil, btw.) My right-uterus pregnancy with Harry was successful only in that he survived with what appears to be very minimal brain damage. I started spotting at 9 weeks, and had increasingly heavy episodes of bleeding every few days, eventually accompanied by contractions. His heartbeat on the doppler was terrifying to listen to, because, every couple of hours (I spent a lot of time listening. A lot.) it would stutter, hiccup, and decrease from its gallop to a throttled set of slow – very, very slow – thuds. It was a while before Harry obliged me (and vindicated my slew of worried phone calls to my midwife – 'your own abdominal sounds, I expect, dear') by performing this particular trick in the presence of medical equipment operated by someone with an MD, but when he finally did, Consultants Were Urgently Summoned. Ultrasounds Were Ordered, Stat.
I had over 20 scans during my 33 week pregnancy with Harry, and was in and out of hospital like a fiddler's elbow, but at no point was a cord or placental abnormality spotted, and I wish I'd had the presence of mind to ask for my placenta to be properly examined after birth. Harry gradually fell away from the growth charts, and was born with symmetrical IUGR. He became very unstable shortly after birth, required fully ventilating, and had atypical seizures accompanied by massive desaturations in NICU. He did not, evidently, manage to dodge all the bullets. But you know all this.
I blame my right uterus. I blame the crappy endometrium. I blame my faulty housing. It seems so inescapable to me that evidence indicative of a poorly oxygenated child, added to evidence indicative of a poorly oxygenated uterus, should equal CONCLUSION in the eyes of the medical world. How is it just me that thinks this?
And it is just me, you see. Everyone around me thinks I'm wrong about the uterus, and I am marooned by my fears, painted into a corner alone, bleakly conspicuous as the one who is expected to do all the bleeding if I am right and they are wrong, and it all goes totally tits. I am defensive, bewildered and afraid.
John has never shared my view of Right's poor performance, stoutly citing the tally of my 3 miscarriages in Left. As far as he is concerned: only one uterus has produced a living baby; quod erat demonstrandum.
VIP Consultant was of the opinion, when we last spoke, that Harry's difficulties are probably co-incidental.
In response to my expressed worries, Nice Consultant reassuringly (in manner. Not, regrettably, in effect) told me that the biopsy on Right is clear, and that it was a 'lovely looking uterus!' before she began talking about aspirin and heparin therapy and those bloody awful progesterone lard torpedos. I didn't have the mental wherewithal to ask her explicitly while I was there, but I suspect that she would not countenance performing an expensive and quite major procedure – IVF – when there is no medical evidence, apart from my dark forebodings and probably-brain-damaged son, that it is required. Ethically grey, I think.
And, as John does not forget to point out, I swore I'd never have IVF again, in any case. I responded inversely to downregulatory drugs and gonadotrophins half the time, and it was the hormonal shock of chemical menopause that started my pesky heart palpitations in the first place.
Take your life in your own hands and what happens? A terrible thing: no one to blame. I am under no obligation to believe either my doctors or my husband – only pressure, of an oblique and partially self-imposed sort. If I let myself, and myself alone, take this risk – because I want another child – in the face of what I believe to be great danger, then how could I avoid great bitterness and blame to myself if my child is born severely brain damaged, or dies?
And then, of course, there is the fact that I appear to have some type of auto-immune or clotting disorder, which has, thus far, declined to be identified by blood test. My first-ever pregnancy went so very, very heart-beatingly well (right up until the point where it abruptly, unfortunately and probably-chromosomally didn't)… and all my subsequent pregnancies have been distinctly troubled affairs, a fact which I brood upon, darkly.
I am having a lot of dark-brooding type thoughts all round, in fact, because I have a lot of reasons not to have another child. The chances of my carrying a baby to term are, we know, pretty much zero. My terror of prematurity is fairly profound. We're not rich (and surrogacy, although a logical suggestion, is not the solution for me.) John and I are both sporting a shocking amount of grey hair lately. Harry's behaviour, although in no way his fault, often puts our relationship under strain. Coping with a newborn as challenging as Harry, as well as looking after Harry himself, would be… an utter impossibility. My forebrain backs wildly away, waving frantic *jazz hands*.
I am firmly of the opinion that when the archaeologists dig me up in a few hundred years' time, the fancy-pants futuristic bone-mineral-density-type scan they do of my skeleton will reveal a tree-ring of complete devastation caused to my frame by sleep-deprivation, fear and stress during that time of pregnancy and early motherhood. I dread future baby sleep-deprivation to my very marrow, because prem babies generally aren't restful. With colic, reflux, hole-in-heart, alarming apnoeic-distress episodes at EVERY nappy change due to (what, with hindsight, was fairly sodding pronounced) sensory processing disorder, and it's unsurprising I was so battered, that, on a couple of occasions I actually hallucinated, which was interesting and un-fun.
And, when Harry was 2 or 3 months old and breastfeeding for England every two hours, my immune system fell through the floor and I came down with the most God-awful illness; flu symptoms, multiple cold sores all over my lips, tongue and up my nose, searing 40 degree temperature… I can remember, for the first and only time in my life, wanting to die. I wasn't remotely depressed: I just felt so spectacularly wretched in my very febrile state that I thought that I was, in actual fact, really dying, and as the inevitable was happening it might as well get a move on and stop prolonging the agony. And I couldn't even get anyone else to have Harry, because by that stage, he was disdainfully refusing a bottle. Emptying stomach=hurts=MOAR BOOB, MUMMY! It was quite a low point, and I am pretty sure I said I'd never do it again.
I am so horribly distressed. Harry would, I think, love to have a sibling and I would likely grieve that loss of his in later life as much as my own. Being an only child has its own peculiar set of benefits and penalties. But I just can't bring myself to step off the edge, and commit. Commit to that Right Uterus of Doom – as opposed to the Left Uterus of Slightly Higher Numerical Doom But Markedly Better Blood Supply. Everytime I try to think about it seriously, I have a nasty mental wobble, feel quite sick, start sweating and hastily push the whole idea right to the back of my brain.
The back of my brain, where the podgy reptile lives. Lizard Hindbrain has, without consultation with higher authority, ordered the repro-friendly vitamins that Nice Consultant demanded, in the loveliest possible way, we both take. (I thoroughly enjoyed John's expression when she told him she expected him to take Well Man Conception vitamins, but my smile sank out of sight when I discovered these particular vits were £10 a month. Each!) Plus, Hindbrain also ordered some easy-dosages of the low-dose aspirin that I am supposed to be taking already, and aren't. Hindbrain has also had a major re-arrange of the bedroom over Christmas to facilitate the path of multiple night-time trips to the ensuite. Hindbrain has even managed – and this was quite clever of it, working unsupported – to book an IUI cycle, commencing February. And today, it seems, Hindbrain is keen for me to quickly lose some weight.
I am still bewildered. I am still afraid. I have experienced 6 months of clomid, 2 IUIs, 2 IVFs, 4 miscarriages, a stressful pregnancy, a premature and dangerous birth and serious worries, first, about Harry's survival, and later, his health – and withstood it, as people generally do when they have to, because being entirely overwhelmed by events is seldom a valid post-Victorian option.
I know what lies behind and I know what might lie ahead. And the ground I'm standing on right now looks pretty damn comfy, thanks. But I'm 36 next month, so it's now, really now, or… not. There's nothing to gain by waiting. Refusing to choose is also a choice.
For some people the day comes
when they have to declare the great Yes
or the great No. It's clear at once who has the Yes
ready within him; and saying it,
he goes from honour to honour, strong in his conviction.
He who refuses does not repent. Asked again,
he'd still say no. Yet that no – the right no –
drags him down all his life.
CP Cavafy
Filed under: Parenting | Tagged: Angst, Fat Fighters, Infertility, Two Ovens One Bun, Uteri say No, uterus didelphys |


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In June of 2012, Iowa governor Terry Branstad launched the Skilled Iowa Initiative, a program designed to help employers ensure that potential employees are qualified for job openings. Playing a large part in this program have been human resources recruitment, training and placement specialists. Through this initiative, human resources managers and specialists have helped to find job placement for more than 29,000 Iowan's with ACT National Career Readiness Certificates.
According to Iowa Workforce Development, the number of jobs involving the management of human capital is expected to increase by 38.7% between 2012 and 2022, which would be the largest projected increase of any occupational classification in the state.
The demand for HR managers and specialists far outpaces the state's projections for overall employment growth, though the link between the two is clear as a growing workforce puts a premium on the HR professionals that recruit, train and manage new talent in Iowa's biggest growth industries. Iowa Workforce Development projects an estimated 188,200 new jobs to be created in the state between 2012 and 2022, an increase of roughly 12 percent.
Exploring HR Careers with Iowa's Biggest Employers
Iowa's top five employers are also the companies driving much of the demand for HR professionals throughout the state:
- Genesis Medical Center Gen Nmbrs in Davenport – 9,000 employees
- Principal Financial Group Inc in Des Moines – 8,000 employees
- University of Iowa Health Care in Iowa City – 7,135 employees
- Rockwell Collins Inc in Cedar Rapids – 7,000 employees
- Iowa State University in Ames – 6,163 employees
Though it widely known that HR professionals handle a variety of workplace duties including staffing, resolving inter-staff disputes, and helping employees understand their benefits, job descriptions give a more comprehensive understanding of the daily functions of the HR professionals that work with some of Iowa's top employers (from a survey of job vacancies taken in May 2015, shown for illustrative purposes only):
Human Resources Generalist, Client Growth Consultants – The generalist will work with the company's talent acquisition team, the general manager, and the president to identify, attract, and successfully recruit employees.
Human Resources Recruiter, Mercy Hospital – Job duties include the implementation of a corporate recruitment strategy, interviewing potential employees, and providing other corporate human resources services to affiliated subsidiaries of the hospital.
Human Resources Specialist, Renewable Energy Group, Inc. – The human resources specialist will manage the electronic timekeeping system, assist employees in issues related to pay and salary, and assist in job fairs and educational presentations.
The Right Education for HR Managers and Specialists
Just some of the degree majors relevant to the HR training specialists, recruiters, compensation and benefits managers, labor relations specialists, and HR managers that work for Iowa's top employers include:
- Human resources
- Human resource management
- Business administration
- Industrial relations
- Industrial organizational relations/psychology
A bachelor's degree is appropriate for most positions, including those in lower-to-mid-level management. Upper-level management, consultant and executive positions are generally reserved for those with a master's degree of specialized MBA.
Bachelor's Degrees
Undergraduate human resources programs give students a foundation of knowledge and skills applicable to the professional human resources fields. Bachelor's degrees related to human resources, including the Bachelor of Science (BS), the Bachelor of Arts (BA), and the Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA), are sought as a minimum requirement by most of Iowa's human resources employers.
Examples of bachelor's degree programs related to human resources available online and at schools throughout Iowa include:
- Bachelor of Business Administration with a concentration in Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
- Bachelor of Arts in Management with a Human Resources Concentration
- Bachelor of Arts in Human Resource Management
- Bachelor of Science in Human Resources
- Bachelor of Science in Business Administration with a concentration in Human Resources & Organizational Development
Bachelor's degree programs offer a variety of courses designed to prepare students for the diverse challenges of working with employees in the corporate environment:
- Organizational Development
- Organizational Change
- Management for Organizations
- Human Resources Management
- Business Law
- Principles of Accounting
- Recruiting and Staffing
Master's Degrees
While a bachelor's degree is often a minimum requirement for human resources workers, many employers prefer that candidates for management positions possess a master's degree related to the field. While most HR grad programs accept students with a broad range of undergraduate degrees, they sometimes require specific courses related to areas such as management.
Examples of master's degrees appropriate for human resource managers include:
- Master of Science (MS) in Human Resources Management
- Master of Human Resources (MHR)
- Master of Business Administration (MBA) with a specialization in Human Resources
- Master of Arts (MA) in Organizational Management with a concentration in Human Resources
- Master of Arts (MA) in Human Resource Management
- Master of Arts (MA) in Management with a Human Resources concentration
Master's degree programs give professionals the opportunity to learn skills related to the management of human capital throughout large enterprises:
- Operations management
- Quantitative analysis for decision making
- Best Practices in HR
- HR Leadership and Ethics
- Marketing strategies
- Internal Consulting Skills
Professional Certification
Employers sometimes prefer that job candidates possess voluntary certification from a national organization. Several of these organizations and the certification options they offer include:
- Society of Human Resource Management (SHRM)
- SHRM-CP (certified professional)
- SHRM-SCP (senior certified professional)
- HR Certification Institute (HRCI)
- Professional in Human Resources (PHR)
- Senior Professional in Human Resources (SPHR)
- Global Professional in Human Resources (GPHR)
- Human Resource Management Professional (HRMP)
- Human Resource Business Professional (HRBP)
- California Certification for PHR and SPHR certified professionals
- Recognition Professionals International (RPI)
- Structuring Recognition Systems for Success – CRP I
- Strategic Planning & Measurement – CRP II*
- Recognition Management & Maintenance – CRP III*
- Applying Recognition Systems – CRP IV*
The education requirements listed in the following recent job postings demonstrate the value of undergraduate and graduate degrees related to human resources (from a survey of job vacancies taken in May 2015, shown for illustrative purposes only):
Human Resources Coordinator, Iowa State University – The position requires a bachelor's degree and 2 years of related experience; or a master's degree and related experience.
Recruiting Specialist, Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company – Ideal candidate will have completed undergraduate studies in human resource management, business or related areas.
Human Resources Specialist, The University of Iowa – A bachelor's degree in human resources management or business administration or related field, or an equivalent combination of education and experience is required.
Human Resources Coordinator, Northeast Iowa Community College – Required is a bachelor's degree in human resources, business, management, organizational development or related field.
Human Resources Employers and Professional Associations in Iowa
What follows is a list of human resources employers and professional associations in Iowa.
- HRE|DAS Human Resources | Iowa Department of Human Resources
- Human Resources Page – Johnson County Iowa
- Human Resources Des Moines
Professional Associations
- Human Resource Association of North Iowa
- Iowa Senior Human Resources Association
- Eastern Iowa Human Resource Association
Staffing Firms


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Eligibility Requirements
- You must be a United States citizen and a resident of the county in which you wish to register, 30 days prior to an election.
- You must be at least 18 years of age or 17 years old and will be 18 on or before the next General Election.
- May not currently be under conviction, probation or parole for a felony, treason or election bribery.
- May not have been judged mentally incompetent in a court of competent jurisdiction.
How can I register to vote?
- In person at the County Clerk's Office
- Online at the West Virginia Secretary of State's Website.
- By mail. Click here to print a Voter's Registration Application. Once completed, please mail to Monore County Clerk, PO Box 350, Union, WV 24983
- By contacting the County Clerk's Office at (304)772-3096 and request us to mail you an application.
- At an outreach location designated by the Clerk's Office a couple months prior to an election. The date and location will be advertised in the local newspaper.
Where can I register to vote in person?
- The County Clerk's Office at the Courthouse, 216 Main Street in Union
- Driver License Offices
- Public assistance agencies
- Agencies which serve people with disabilities
- Military recruiting offices
Outreach Voter's Registration Services
Each year in which an election will be held, the County Clerk and his staff will provide outreach voter's registration services at different locations throughout the county. The dates, times and location of the outreach Voter's Registration will be published in the local newspaper.
The County Clerk's Office also visits James Monroe High School each year to provide eligible students an opportunity to register to vote.
Information Concerning Registering to Vote by Mail
When registering to vote by mail, please provide us with your physical address in block #4 of the application. if you haven't been assigned a house number, please give us the road or street you live on. We use this information to assign you to the correct precinct.
If you register to vote by mail, you will be asked to provide identification the first time you go to vote.
Upon receipt of your voter's registration application, the County Clerk's Office will mail you a confirmation card that will have the address in which you provided us. If the cared is not returned to our office, we assume your address is correct and you will then be mailed a letter advising you of your voting precinct and location and your voter's registration card.
If you don't recieve your letter and card within 7-14 days of mailing your application, please contact the County Clerk's Office immediately.
Total Voter Registration by Party for Monroe County
To see the Total Voter Registration by Party for Monroe County, please click here.
Voter's Registration Deadline
The last day to register to vote is twenty one (21) days proir to an election.
Voter Information
- Voter Registration Application
Application For Absentee By-Mail Ballot
Am I Registered To Vote and if so, where do I vote?
Early Voting Period and Locations
Precinct Names and Numbers
Voter Registration Totals by Party and Precinct
House of Delegates District Information & Map
State Senate District Information & Map


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