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Obama and his family spend millions of dollars on jet-setting vacations. School meals now include Saturdays and summers. America is now the Food Stamp Nation with tens of millions of America now receiving free food at the taxpayers' expense.
Somebody's got to pay for these freebies. So why not start with the Marines at Camp Leatherneck, in Afghanistan. They dodge bullets and bombs. One of the away-from-home comforts is hot meals. Now they've lost one hot meal a day to cut expenses.
Eager to pre-empt criticism, the Pentagon hastily informed the public that no soldier will lose any calories. They will be provided with yummy, nutritious MRE's ("meals ready-to-eat"). Too late. Outrage is already growing.
MRE's are pre-packaged, shelf- stable packets provided to soldiers when they are out in the field. Soldiers have carried MRE's during every battlefield conflict. Where MREs have not been utilized is in a soldier's home camp. There, soldiers are expected to have four meals a day; three hot meals and a sandwich bar. The meal that has been taken off the roster as of Saturday is the "midrats," better known as the midnight to noon service.
This includes hot breakfast and sustenance for soldiers coming off duty. Midrats are, arguably, the most important meal in a soldier's day. It is the only time that Camp Leatherneck marines can be together during the 24/7 service they perform in Afghanistan. Oh yes. The Pentagon is removing 24 hour sandwich service, too.
Why is this happening?
The reason being given is because of a need to cut down on expenses. There is more to the preposterous excuse; a massive draw-down of troops in Afghanistan, some 30,000 soldiers, requires ancillary workers (e.g. kitchen staff) to be permitted to go home first. You read that right.
Why on earth, since the massive decrease of troops is already saving the government a bundle, should there be a further need to decrease already-Spartan services provided to soldiers remaining on the firing line?
Camp Leatherneck is located in Afghanistan's southwestern Helmand Province, hedged by Pakistan and Iran. This is not the garden spot of the world, and any troops remaining in the area, especially as their numbers decrease, are going to be in more danger. Does it make any sense to deprive them of simple, hot meal?
Although the Marines have maintained rigorous silence about this decision, one soldier wrote to his wife, but declined to speak on the record. According to NBC.com he wrote:
"This boils my skin. One of my entire shifts will go 6.5 hours without a meal. If we need to cut back on money I could come up with 100 other places… Instead, we will target the biggest contributor to morale. I must be losing my mind. What is our senior leadership thinking? I just got back from flying my ass off and in a few days, I will not have a meal to replenish me after being away for over 9 hours."
He was being reasonable.
Obama's disdain for the military is common knowledge. Lt. Col. Cliff Gilmore at Camp Leatherneck broke the news. But it is Obama's regime, via the Pentagon, that is instituting this despicable "austerity measure."
ABC7 confirmed that Walter Reed Hospital is furloughing over 3,500 caretakers of the Wounded Warrior Project in July. Part of Obama's sequester, of course. He seems to find such an atrocity acceptable.
Obama is unwilling to cut government spending anywhere but the military. Perhaps he needs a few suggestions: Federal funds have been implemented to provide breakfast, lunch, and dinner for public school children. The regime plans to extend the program to include weekends. This is a permanent expansion of government spending. Obama might have public schools spare a hot meal a day for the limited time the soldiers remain in Afghanistan.


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Vegetable Crackers & Cacao Wafers Raw.Organic.Gluten-Free. BIOLICIOUS
The Cracker that Keeps on Giving...
These are not crackers but sheets of edible gold! With their whopping 80% vegetable composition, these delicate beauties boost your daily intake of veggies. The remaining 20% herbs and seeds were activated to improve digestion and to reduce anti-nutrients.
Free from added sugars, starches, trans-fats and pro-inflammatory oils, they also shun both preservatives and additives. Artisanal, wholesome and organic, these crackers fit the bill if you're thriving with food intolerances, being free from the top allergens: grains, gluten, dairy, soy, corn, yeast and eggs. Built on an intelligent nutrition formula, these crackers tick all the right boxes in the flavor department. They are both gourmet and grounded, for they are aesthetically pleasing and cater to discerning palates and delicate guts alike.
Enjoy them as a snack, with a dip or sauce, in salads or soups!
Biolicious is a range of delightfully delicious, certified organic, wholesome and healthy, gluten-free foods packed with nutrients and flavour. At the forefront of the healthy food and snack revolution, we believe that no one should compromise on the quality or taste of their food especially if they suffer from food sensitivity or intolerance.
We offer delicious and gourmet products that cater not only to allergy sufferers, but also to people looking for an alternative to unhealthy snacks and for a nutritious addition to their daily food intake.
Our products are made by hand with 100% natural ingredients in our dedicated gluten-free kitchen. Essentially made from vegetables, nuts and seeds, they are rich in vitamins, minerals, fibre, and antioxidants. They are free from gluten, grain, sugar, soy, corn, yeast, dairy, oil, trans-fats, additives and preservatives and are safe for people with Celiac Disease.

subset: commoncrawl


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Samsung Galaxy R is a great gaming Android Smartphone, sporting a Tegra 4 chipset, the device gives an excellent gaming performance. Though Samsung Advertises that it has a 8 GB internal storage, after all bloatware you get only effective mere 3 GB for your use. This is very less considering the size of games like GTA vice city which are higher than 1 GB.
Here is a method to swap the internal storage with an external SD card. Since SD cards can be up to 32 GB, thus swapping the internal storage with SD card is a huge advantage. Follow the instructions to understand this process.
Disclaimer: No member of this site is responsible for any damage caused to your phone by this tutorial. By continuing to this article you by default agree to these terms.
In an earlier article we had discussed how to do the same process for Galaxy R running Gingerbread.
- Rooted Device.
- Custom Recovery (if you want to install a custom recovery see this article)
- Download modified vold flashable zip.
- SD card of more than 4GB
- Connect your device to the PC.
- Place the downloaded file into your SD card.
- Now power off your device.
- Restart your device into recovery mode by pressing and holding "menu button + volume up + power button"
- Now use volume buttons to navigate in recovery mode.
- select the instal zip from sd card option
- Then navigate to the file you downloaded and flash it.
- Now reboot into system and done you'll see expanded storage in your internal SD card


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It was mid-November 2018 when NPH Honduras got a call from Honduras child welfare agency (DINAF) informing us that a center in San Pedro Sula was being shut down for malpractice and 17 boys, ages 11 to 21, would need a new home.
Just 10 months before, however, we had welcomed eight children from a similar situation in Catacamas, which brought our main home in Tegucigalpa to full capacity, with just enough government support to contract extra personnel and provide for their medical care. A sudden increase in our special needs population, let alone one of this size, would surely cause big changes.
With the clear desire to help, yet with the limitations on our capacity to serve in mind, department heads met for a meeting in December to brainstorm alternatives that would yield the best possible solution for these children.
But phone calls kept coming saying that the situation was getting worse. We wanted to do something as soon as possible. If we didnt, it was likely that the children would have stayed in their situation much longer than they should have, as very few childcare organizations in Honduras offer the individualized attention to children with special needs as NPH does.
Shifting gears, we asked ourselves what do we need to do to make this possible? This spawned a series of meetings between our national director, medical providers, physical therapists, finance team, teachers, home directors, and special needs specialists. They pitched ideas, made plans, and calculated costs. We negotiated with the government for more support, and when we realized that we still wouldnt be able to absorb the full cost, we asked for and received a donation from the World Orphan Fund (WOF), which will cover the childrens care for the next two years.
During the early hours of January 18, our staff began a five-hour trek northbound to San Pedro Sula. No one was quite sure what to expect, so we prepared for the worse, while hoping for the best.
Within moments of arriving, NPH staff and volunteers were greeted by the boys. They set up their stations and began evaluating, feeding, and playing with them, while government officials went through technical procedures. The care, patience, and efficiency with which our team worked took everyone else by surprise.
Said one man present the volunteer who placed many of the boys within the center and had been working closely with them since their arrival I was hoping that God would open the door for a better place
and it seems like he did [with NPH]. Its bittersweet, but I have hope.
Then, with the 17 new members of the NPH family ready to go, a caravan of ambulances, trucks, and a bus full of NPH staff, as well as representatives of the Red Cross, the Ministry of Health, DINAF, a disaster relief organization (COPECO), and the fire department drove back down the foothills of the Merendón mountains to NPH Honduras, where the boys would be welcomed to their new home.
Nurses, doctors, and social workers were waiting at the NPH clinic when the boys arrived. They did their best to welcome the boys and make them feel at home as the final documents were signed and the first medical exams began.
The next day 10 of them moved into their new home, San Andrés, which had been thoughtfully prepared and decorated by their new caregivers. Shortly after that, the remaining seven were moved to our other special needs homes: San Juan de la Salle and Casa Enmanuel in our main location and Casa Ángeles in Tegucigalpa.
Happy and well adjusted, its hard to imagine that these children had gone through such a significant change and had been living under objectionable conditions beforehand. Despite the many challenges that NPH faced in the process of making them a part of our family, they are here.
Assistant National Director Steve OMahony summarizes it best, we were able to say yes and now there are 17 kids whose lives were completely changed because people were willing to help.
Childrens names have been changed to protect their privacy.
Arielle Augustin Communications Officer


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The Wirral Weight Management Service is FREE, confidential, and offers a tailored, 1:1, personalised support plan for people with a BMI over 40.
Our inclusive, friendly service can really help you reduce your BMI and gives you access to a variety of nutrition and dietetics experts that will deliver a personalised multi-disciplinary approach to Weight Management.
In addition to a consultant with a specialist interest in obesity and endocrinology and a psychologist the main members of the team who you will meet are:
People who have a Body Mass Index over 25 are at greater risk of co-morbidities, such as High blood pressure and Type 2 diabetes. Obesity can also cause a number of other problems, including difficulties with daily activities and serious health conditions.
To help get you to a healthy weight, we will tailor a personalised support plan for you.
Your plan may include:
You may also be seen by a few different experts, find out about what they do below:
The Specialist Dietitian will support you to make tailored, individualised changes to your diet and lifestyle.
The Dietetic assessments particularly focus on providing behaviour change advice and improving your relationship with food. This helps to ensure sustainable goals are set, achieved and maintained- aiming overall for long-term weight management.
You may discuss with the Dietitian an individualised review plan however these normally take place at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months.
The Dietitian assessments ensure that you are signposted to the relevant member of the multi-disciplinary team at the appropriate time such as the Psychologist, Consultant and the Senior Health Advisors.
Senior Health Advisors look after your Physiology and provide Exercise Prescription.
The initial assessment involves measuring: Blood Pressure, Peak Flow, Sit to Stand test, Quality of Life score, Risk Stratification, Height, Weight, BMI, Body Fat %, Waist Circumference, SMART Goal setting and Exercise Prescription.
Review appointments at 3, 6 & 9 months plus discharge appointment at 12 months involves repeating physiology measurements and reviewing goals and barriers.
The Exercise facilitator provides a wide range of Exercise Sessions at a variety of community locations. These Exercise Sessions include: Body Conditioning, Circuit Training, Gym, Chair Based Aerobics, Park Walks. Each session duration is 30-60 minutes.
Presents Health Promotion sessions, covering a range of topics within Nutritional Education.
The Dietetic Assistant works alongside the Dietitian and presents nutritional education sessions.
The short 30 minute sessions provide evidence-based advice in an understandable form and separates the fads from the facts providing you with the tools to meet the goals discussed in your 1:1 Dietetic assessment.
Having a BMI over 25 puts you at greater risk of co-morbidities, such as High blood pressure and Type 2 diabetes.
Obesity can cause a number of further problems, including difficulties with daily activities and serious health conditions.
Weight Management Service
Highfield Centre
Victoria Central Hospital
Mill Lane
Tel. 0151 604 7271
Healthcare professionals can download the referral form here.
To check your BMI please use the NHS Choices BMI Calculator.
Being underweight could be a sign that you're not eating enough or that you may be ill. If you're underweight, your GP can help. Find out more in underweight adults.
Keep up the good work. For tips on maintaining a healthy weight, check out our food and diet and fitness sections.
The best way to lose weight is through a combination of diet and exercise. The BMI calculator will give you a personal calorie allowance to help you achieve a healthy weight safely.
The best way to lose weight is through a combination of dietand exercise and in some cases medication. Contact your GP for help and advice.
To check your BMI please use the NHS Choices BMI Calculator.
Last Updated: Wednesday, 27 March 2019 15:25


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In today's turbulent and uncertain environments many countries seek new growth drivers based on sustainable sources of competitive advantage. Economic fundamentals can be changed only through a well-designed, realistic and shared vision and strategy. The vision and strategy have to be pragmatic and feasible, yet ambitious. Without ambition, nations will not win the competitiveness battle. Given current trends, this calls for a real strategic breakthrough, which leaves the decision makers with two fundamental questions:
1. What should be the role of their country in the regional and global economy?
2. What are the tools to achieve it?
Sound macroeconomic policies and stable infrastructure are necessary but not sufficient conditions to ensure economic development. The quality of business environment and companies' strategic and operational sophistication are fundamental to competitiveness.


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I'm super excited to launch into mens fashion with the help of some stylish local fashionistos! The plea from my male readers has been received loud and clear!
First up I'd like to introduce you all to Albert who I first "met" on Instagram and was instantly drawn to his impeccable colour palette, ever-so-dapper styling and his attention to detail. Always immaculately dressed and always a gentleman, I'm thrilled to have Albert on board and sharing his outfit choices with you all!! For those with Instagram I strongly suggest following his inspirational account @aaaaalbert, now over to the man of the moment…
Albert Soesastro
Instagram @aaaaalbert
Personal style:
Modern-classic sartorial
Celebrity style inspirations:
Nick Wooster, Ryan Gosling, Luca Rubinacci, Matt Bomer
Go-to outfit:
White shirt, chinos, sports blazer, loafers
Favourite wardobe item:
Dark brown Meermin double monk shoes (current)
Best Bargain find:
Australian-made 3 piece wool suit from an op shop
Biggest wardrobe investment:
Bespoke suit from Melbourne (in the works)
Guilty fashion addictions:
White shirts, suits, ties, shoes, shoes and shoes
I was very hyped when I got the opportunity to work with Happy Schnapper to contribute to this blog. Suits, ties, shoes, etc, has been my passion for many years. Men should definitely wear more of it; in casual, corporate or formal occasions. For this first post, I have chosen to wear light-weight, light-coloured pieces to match the fairly warm weather.
Jacket and trousers by Co2Works from Thailand
Shirt by Bawden Bespoke
Knit tie from Conrad Wu
Shirt by Bawden Bespoke
Knit tie from Conrad Wu
Linen pocket square by ASOS
Loafers by Tods
Photos by Happy Schnapper


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Summary of Treaty
|Official Title
|Agreement between the European Community and the Swiss Confederation on Air Transport
|Type of Agreement
|Place of Signature
|Date of Signature
|Date of Entry Into Force
|Agreement Suspension Justification
|Objective of Agreement
To set out rules for the Contracting Parties in the field of civil aviation: (i) reciprocal freedom of establishment (Article 4); (ii) granting of safeguard measures following consultations in relation to agreements with third countries and international organisations (Article 24); (iii) reciprocal liberalisation of air traffic rights between any point in Switzerland and any point in the Community for carriers registered in either party.
The provisions of the Agreement are without prejudice to those contained in the EC Treaty and in particular to existing Community competences under the competition rules and the regulations of application of such rules, as well as under all relevant Community legislation listed in the Annex to this Agreement. For this purpose, the provisions laid down in this Agreement as well as in the regulations and directives specified in the Annex shall apply under the condition set out hereafter. Insofar as they are identical in substance to corresponding rules of the EC Treaty and to acts adopted in application of that Treaty, those provisions shall, in their implementation and application, be interpreted in conformity with the relevant rulings and decisions of the Court of Justice and the Commission of the European Communities given prior to the date of signature of this Agreement. The rulings and decisions given after the date of signature of this Agreement shall be communicated to Switzerland. At the request of one of the Contracting Parties, the implications of such latter rulings and decisions shall be determined by the Joint Committee in view of ensuring the proper functioning of this Agreement. In addition to granting rights to Swiss carriers on Switzerland-EC routes, the Agreement grants Swiss air carriers traffic rights between points in different EC Member States as from two years after its entry into force. A sunset clause provides for negotiations to be opened on the possible extension of the scope of Article 15. There is also a clause for adjustment to the evolution of the acquis communautaire: acceptance by Switzerland of the competence of the Community institutions as regards the application of Community rules by Switzerland (Articles 11, 18, 19 and 20). The arrangement laid down in Article 18(2) however allows the Joint Committee to decide whether measures taken by Switzerland on environmental grounds under either Article 8(2) or 9 of Council Regulation (EEC) No 2408/92 are in conformity with this Agreement. Following rejection by Switzerland of the EEA Agreement in a referendum, the only way of mitigating the impact of the no vote was the conclusion of bilateral agreements. Seven sectoral agreements were adopted simultaneously guaranteeing a package of mutual interest based on a sound balance of advantages for both sides. To protect against the elimination of any of the seven agreements by referendum, they were adopted by the "Package approach". Each one of them contain a common clause stipulating simultaneous entry into force and application in their entirety. All seven agreements cease to apply in the event of non-renewal following the initial 7-year period or termination.
See into the section of Other Treaty Relevant Information the Decision No 1/2015 of the Joint European Union/Switzerland Air Transport Committee set up under the Agreement between the European Community and the Swiss Confederation on Air Transport of 20 August 2015 replacing the Annex to the Agreement between the European Community and the Swiss Confederation on Air Transport [2015/1481]; OJ L226 of 29/08/2015, p.12
|OJ Reference
|L114, 30/04/2002, p. 73
|Council of the European Union
|Contracting Parties
|European Atomic Energy Community, European Community, Switzerland
|Authentic Texts
|Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish
|Subject Matters
Community/Switzerland Air Transport Committee
|Ratification Status
|Conclusion Decision
Decision of the Council and of the Commission concerning the scientific and technological cooperation Agreement of 4 April 2002 relating to the conclusion of seven agreements with the Swiss Confederation; OJ L 114 of 30/04/2002, p.1
|Legal Basis
Treaty EC: Article 310
|Last Update : 09/11/2016


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By Nisreen Galloway, Editorial Intern
Photo by Anh Ðào Kolbe for Teen Voices
Have you ever found yourself sitting down at the computer and before you realize it, you've spent more than 20 minutes just on Facebook? According to a 2011 survey by the Pew Research Center, 80% of teens use the internet for social media, with girls ages 12-17 using it the most. Social media can be a great way to build and keep in touch with friends both near and far, but it's not the only thing on the Internet! Entertainment, news, and culture are all a part of the world wide web. Since we can all access the world with just a click, there are plenty of opportunities we can take advantage of on our home screens. Whether it's inspiration in the form of artwork or learning how to make your own pillowcases, there are lots of safe, fun, and enlightening things do online. Here are a few suggestions.
For an easy way to grab the news and stay up to date on current events that you care about, check out Nick News. Originally a television show, this website is updated weekly with national and global news that incorporates the voices and viewpoints of teens. It offers both videos and articles so you can experience and learn about the news in a digestible format. It also has video links where Linda Ellerbee, the host, discusses current world events with teen panelists. On this site you can gain insight into what's going on in the world and you can form your own opinion about national and international issues. As important, you may see someone you think is worthy to look up to as a strong, powerful female role model!
Other news-oriented sites to check out: www.timeforkids.com/news
Through sunshine and rain, finding online do-it-yourself (DIY) activities is a great way to get creative and use your hands to make something entirely unique. Craft Gawker compiles different blogs with tons of DIY tutorials and projects. The website is mainly images of finished projects; it is easy to use—simply click on something you like to find a step-by-step tutorial on how to create your own. Recycle earrings missing a match, make a funky ring, or grab those t-shirts you don't wear anymore and make a new scarf. With these tutorials, you can be green and create something unique that reflects your own sense of style and creativity.
Other creative art sites to check out: www.psimadethis.com
As social media becomes ever more popular, so do online blogs. Even our own Girl Talk that you're reading now is a great way to hear other people's perspectives and thoughts. While some people choose to write about their passions for food or fashion, others create pages that speak to individual beauty and empowerment. One blog we really like is Rookie magazine, a teen-focused fashion and lifestyle blog started by 16-year-old Tavi Gevinson. Her online blog is funny and it's a fun place to read about the perspectives of other teens on school, growing up, and fashion. From Tumblr to WordPress, blogs are a fresh way to make your voice known to the world while exploring some new perspectives.
Other blogs to check out: www.neverseconds.blogspot.com
If your favorite part of class is when you get to watch a movie, then TED talks might become your new favorite place on the web. TED is a conference of intellectuals in Technology, Entertainment, and Design where people of all different backgrounds give lectures on innovative ideas and offer thought-provoking questions. While both women and men give lectures on really cool ideas, their visual aids beg viewers to follow along. TED also offers a section specifically sectored for teen viewers. Whether you choose to check out the original www.TED.com or www.TEDxTeen.com, you will be opening yourself up to a host of new theories, ideas, and some really unique people.
Other video sites to check out: www.youtube.com
Though these websites are just suggestions, there are plenty of other things to do online besides social media. Let us know what your favorite sites are!
** Note: Even if you're not using social media online, it's important to make sure you follow through with internet safety procedures and you have your parent's permission to go to the specific online sites you want to visit.**


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There are many occasions that are great for making this beautiful and delicious cake, but with its red and white colors and the day soon upon us, this recipe is just perfect for Valentine's Day. If you'll take a moment to think about it, you should discover there are a lot of special people in your life. So show your appreciation… make a cake!
This recipe is not just time saving and easy but looks elegant when using a spring form pan in the Rice Cooker. It makes a moist cake that holds up well to many different types of fillings. For this occasion, I'm using a thick raspberry jam filling. Keep in mind the consistency of whatever you choose for your filling. The thinner the consistency the more it will soak into the cake; that's not a bad thing, just be aware.
Lastly, you will find that when you make any recipe for someone else you also derive great joy for having done it; that's the real bonus!
1 box white cake mix
¾ cups coconut milk
4 egg whites
¼ cups water
½ cups Greek style yogurt
¼ cups flour
raspberry jam
whipped topping
6 inch spring form pan
aluminum foil
In a bowl, beat the coconut milk, egg whites and water until thoroughly mixed. Add the yogurt and continue to mix. Gradually add the cake mix and flour and mix just until combined.
Place 3 cups of water into the inner pot of your Rice Cooker. Using a piece of foil, roll it into a snake like circular form and place it on the bottom of the inner pot. This will help elevate the pan above the water line. Use an additional piece of foil to cover the outside bottom of the spring form pan to prevent water from seeping into batter.
Pour batter into the lightly greased spring form pan. With an additional piece of foil, fold it to form a 2" collar around the top to allow for additional support when the cake rises. Place pan on top of the coiled foil, being sure the pan is above the water line. Close lid.
Set to Slow Cook for 2 hours or until set. Open lid and let cake cool. Trim top if needed, slice into layers and decorate.
Over to You
What's your version of a special cake? Share and inspire us!


text: The Modern Jewish Wedding Details We're pretty taken with the view from the chuppah in this Elegant Modern Jewish Wedding. Knowing that Abigail Kirsch was the caterer we can only imagine how yummy the food way. Our favorite MJW detail? The beautiful big challah both fathers cut into at the reception. Michele shares her own challah story in this year's magazine–which is hitting the presses Today. (and will be ready for you to have oh…READ MORE


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Becoming a Student
Vernon College is focused on student success! Whether you are a high school graduate, seeking a career change, or wanting to enhance your current career, Vernon College is the place for you.
Paying for College
Where do I start? Vernon College offers you access to a number of financial aid options to help pay for school.
Degrees, Certificates, Courses
Choose Your Path to Success!
Business & Community
Vernon College is proud to be your community partner!
Fire Safety Report 2014
Notification of Fall 2013 Fire Drill Results:
Vernon College staff members present: Tony Perez, Chris Cox, Chris Bell, Tatiana Booth and Caitlin Bradley
At 7:00 pm on Thursday Sept.12, 2013 Caitlin Bradley (on the front side) and Chris Cox (on the backside) sounded the sirens on the megaphones alerting students of the drill. Tony Perez, Tatiana Booth and Chris Bell cleared each individual room making sure that no students were left in their rooms. All baseball dorm students walked to the tennis courts.
It took approximately 4 minutes to evacuate all main dorm students to the tennis courts; all rooms were clear of students. Upon all dorm students arriving at the tennis courts; Chris Bell thanked all dorm students for their cooperation in the safe and quick evacuation of the student resident center. Tony Perez reminded all students there are smoke detectors in each individual room and that tampering is an offense punishable by fine. Fire extinguisher locations were pointed out for student safety.
Chris Bell thanked the students for participating and reminded them to be sure and keep fire hazard materials out of their rooms. Students were also instructed that in case of a tornado, the evacuation would take place in the dorm basement.
Copyright 2019 Vernon College


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Large trees drive forest aboveground biomass variation in moist lowland forests across the tropics
Document Type
Publication details
Slik, JWF, Paoli, G, McGuire, K, Amaral, I, Barroso, J, Bastian, M, Blanc, L, Bongers, F, Boundja, P, Clark, C, Collins, M, Dauby, G, Ding, Y, Doucet, JL, Eler, E, Ferreira, L, Fredriksson, G, Gillet, JF, Harris, D, Leal, M, Laumonier, Y, Malhi, Y, Mansor, A, Martin, E, Miyamoto, K, Araujo-Murakami, A, Nagamasu, H, Nilus, R, Nurtjahya, E, Oliveira, A, Onrizal, O, Parada-Gutierrez, A, Permana, A, Poorter, L, Poulsen, J, Ramirez-Angulo, H, Reitsma, J, Rovero, F, Rozak, A, Sheil, D, Silva-Espejo, J, Silveira, M, Spironelo, W, ter Steege, H, Stevart, T, Navarro-Aguilar, GE, Sunderland, T, Suzuki, E, Tang, J, Theilade, I, van der Heijden, G, van Valkenburg, J, Van Do, T, Vilanova, E, Vos, V, Wich, S, Wöll, H, Yoneda, T, Zang, R, Zhang, MG, & Zweifel, N 2013, 'Large trees drive forest aboveground biomass variation in moist lowland forests across the tropics', Global Ecology and Biogeography, vol. 22, no. 12, pp. 1261-1271
Published version available from:
Peer Reviewed
Large trees (d.b.h. ≥ 70 cm) store large amounts of biomass. Several studies suggest that large trees may be vulnerable to changing climate, potentially leading to declining forest biomass storage. Here we determine the importance of large trees for tropical forest biomass storage and explore which intrinsic (species trait) and extrinsic (environment) variables are associated with the density of large trees and forest biomass at continental and pan-tropical scales.
Aboveground biomass (AGB) was calculated for 120 intact lowland moist forest locations. Linear regression was used to calculate variation in AGB explained by the density of large trees. Akaike information criterion weights (AICc-wi) were used to calculate averaged correlation coefficients for all possible multiple regression models between AGB/density of large trees and environmental and species trait variables correcting for spatial autocorrelation.
Density of large trees explained c. 70% of the variation in pan-tropical AGB and was also responsible for significantly lower AGB in Neotropical [287.8 (mean) ± 105.0 (SD) Mg ha−1] versus Palaeotropical forests (Africa 418.3 ± 91.8 Mg ha−1; Asia 393.3 ± 109.3 Mg ha−1). Pan-tropical variation in density of large trees and AGB was associated with soil coarseness (negative), soil fertility (positive), community wood density (positive) and dominance of wind dispersed species (positive), temperature in the coldest month (negative), temperature in the warmest month (negative) and rainfall in the wettest month (positive), but results were not always consistent among continents.
Main conclusions
Density of large trees and AGB were significantly associated with climatic variables, indicating that climate change will affect tropical forest biomass storage. Species trait composition will interact with these future biomass changes as they are also affected by a warmer climate. Given the importance of large trees for variation in AGB across the tropics, and their sensitivity to climate change, we emphasize the need for in-depth analyses of the community dynamics of large trees.


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By B15m1lah. Chair. At Tuesday, July 10th 2018, 00:16:32 AM.
Ergonomics are all the rage in the modern age, and no where have ergonomics been pushed to the limits further than in the realm of office chairs. Ergonomics, which refers to the study of comfort and efficiency in the workplace, began by starting with the office chair. It's no surprise that the field of ergonomic office chairs have made drastic leaps and bounds in recent years. Today, ergonomic office chairs offer amazing pain relief for those plagued by typical office ailments. High adjustability makes ergonomic office chairs easily customizable to relieve back pain, neck pain, joint pain, and poor circulation. Even if chairs like the RFM Verte Ergonomic Chair (which is heralded is one of the most comfortable chairs in existence) can get a bit pricey, most ergonomic chairs, such as those from the Hawk Series by Eurotech, come at incredibly low prices that make easy additions to the holiday shopping cart!
Fleshing this out further, let's say a company advertises free shipping on their church chairs once a certain quantity of chairs are purchased to select geographical regions of the country. One of their chairs they sell for essentially $33.00 each, once there are a minimum of 100 chairs, purchased as a part of the order and also include "free shipping" for those chairs to about 20 different states. In this case they may purchase those chairs from a Chinese factory for about $13.00 a chair. They bring them to this country, warehouse them, sell them, and then deliver them. Their costs for all of these items is perhaps another $13.00 or so per chair. They then sell them for $33.00 a chair and all of their costs are covered and they make a nice profit. All through the process though they continue to state they are offering "free shipping".
When selecting an executive office chair, for either ones self or for a top executive in a company, there are several factors one should consider. Aside from cost, some of the less obvious features that one should examine are the size of the back, how adjustable the chair is, the material the chair is made of, and the base.


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IoT Solution Provider
Kathrein Solutions is revolutionizing the way of working with RFID, AutoID, sensors, and RTLS technologies, and has become a recognized innovator and market-leader in the AutoID sector.
Kathrein provides an AutoID turnkey portfolio including hardware, software, services, and support. From the initial proof of concept up to global rollouts, Kathrein supports customers and partners in applications for logistics, industrial automation, retail, healthcare, and vehicle identification. The Kathrein Solutions business model is based on the global Kathrein Sales Network and a very strong partner ecosystem with highly motivated and experienced AutoID and IT specialists.
- Hardware: The Kathrein UHF passive RFID hardware portfolio comprises best-in-class stationary and mobile readers, UHF antennas with a read range of a few centimeters up to several meters, and security transponders.
- Software: The Kathrein "CrossTalk" application software integrates any kind of AutoID, RTLS, or sensor device into IT applications and IoT platforms. The modular CrossTalk suite therefore reduces complexity through standardization and many pre-configured features, visualization, and business content.
- Service & Support: Kathrein offers a wide portfolio of blueprinting, implementation, rollout, and maintenance & support services, as well as project management and training courses.


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Fix Sage Error Code 1603
Sage is the popular accounting software which is suitable for new and existing business. It is incorporated with innovative and powerful features. Sage 50 accounting software empower to do more work in less time. It is focused on atomization and minimizes the manual work. So this software will be great for your growing business. It is user-friendly software, especially for accounting to customer service, managing inventory and human resource requirements. If you want any assistance, please contact us on Sage 50 error support team. We will respond to you as soon as possible.
While installing the software the user may encounter Sage Error 1603, 1618, 1628, 1704 or 1722.
The main cause of this error arises due to interference or corrupted installation files. Sometime this error may be encountered due to other software on your system.
What is the reason for Sage 50 Error 1603?
There could be multiple reasons for the Sage 50 error 1603
- Sometimes the error has been occurred due to insufficient disk space.
- Due to .NET framework problem and issues
- Due to other software such as a firewall on your system.
- Damaged and corrupted files on your system.
How to fix the Sage 50 error 1603?
Solution 1 for fix the Sage 50 error 1603 :
- Select the start button and write command in the search box.
- A permission box will be open on your system, here you need to select yes.
- Another box will open with a blinking cursor.
- Write regedit and press enter button.
- Click on the file and select enter.
- Before performing this task the user needs to create a backup file for your future reference.
- Save it with a file name.
Solution 2 for fix the Sage 50 error 1603:
- To remove the Malware issue, you need to do a full Malware Scan of their system.
- And follow all the steps, to get the issue resolved.
Solution 3 for fix the Sage 50 error 1603:
- Select the start button and write command in the search box and hold the Ctrl+shift on their keyboard and press Enter.
- A permission dialog box will prompt on your system, and select Yes.
- A box will be open with a blinking cursor and write cleanmgr and press enter.
- It will check the disk space on your system.
- Check the boxes and select on OK.
Solution 4 for fix the Sage 50 error 1603:
- For the Windows 10, 8, 7, Vista and Windows XP.
- Select the start button.
- Write an update into the search box and press the enter button.
- A dialog box will be open with windows update and select the install update button.
Solution 5 for fix the Sage 50 error 1603:
- Select the start button and write command in the search box and hold the Ctrl+shift from your keyboard and press enter.
- It will start the scanning of the error 1603 and it will fix the error on your system.
Why AccountsPortal.co?
Accountsportal.co is a team of experienced and professionals who can assist the user in fixing all Sage 50 Error. The customer can call us 24*7 for any issue on our toll-free number ☎+1-800-796-0471. We are handling you all queries in a better way. We have experienced and knowledgeable Sage 50 Technical Support team.


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How to prepare for an engagement shoot?
by pazza
So you have scheduled an engagement shoot, the date keeps getting closer and you start wondering if there is something you should do to make sure you have absolutely great pictures. As a matter of fact, there is a lot! What many of couples do not realize, is how much of an impact they can have on the way their pictures will look. The key thing here is to think creatively and concentrate on what separates you from other couples. Here are a few things you can do to prepare for your engagement shoot:
– Just the two of you. Think about what it is that symbolizes your relationship, what was the thing that brought you together. Do you you go on trips whenever you get a chance? Is it humor, that keeps your relationship strong? If so, is there an inside joke the two of you absolutely love? Did you meet at an unusual place? Things that like these can give you ideas for props to bring to a shoot – for example, if you are an avid traveler, you can bring maps or vintage suitcases to create a unique mood during the shoot.
– Think simplicity. The most ordinary things look most fun in pictures because they put an emphasis on your emotional connection. So think – how does your day usually go and which part of it would you like to showcase? Is it getting ready for work together? Taking your pets out for a walk? Maybe sharing a Sunday brunch at a small cafe? Or going on a bike ride in the woods? Those are the scenarios you can do during a shoot that will create really great energy and tell your own story. By doing this you actually show your interaction instead of limiting yourself to cliché couple photos you are tired of seeing.
– Palettes. If you do not know what location to pick for your shoot, it often helps to think of palettes each location can give you. For example, if you are planning a shoot outside a forest or park will give you a green palette, city streets will give you nice beige colors, and you will end up with rosy/yellow/lavender colors if you go to the beach. I generally advise to pick at least two locations, so that your pictures have versatility. Your home can also be a great place to do the shoot not only because you will feel relaxed, but also because you decorated it yourself.
– To pose or not to pose – that is the question. Do not be intimidated by the thought that in order to get good pictures you need to know how to model or pose – the most beautiful couple portraits are created when a photographer simply captures the two of you sharing a moment together. This means being relaxed, expressive and affectionate with each other – put your head on your loved one's shoulder, give a light kiss, or share a laugh together.
– Something more creative. I always offer a stylized engagement session for my couples, where they can construct more of a story and get those fashion magazine-like photos. Studio shoots are also a great option.
– Dress the part. Now, what do you wear to a shoot? Generally speaking, solid colors work best. Patterns can look good on guys, however, you want to stay away from large patterns because they can be distracting. You probably want to bring two or three changes of wardrobe to create different moods for the shoot. I usually suggest girls to wear something feminine like a skirt or dress for the first half of the shoot and then change into shorts or pants for a more relaxed feel. Also, do not be afraid to accessorize – a fun scarf or belt will be great in showing your personality. Ladies often ask me how to do their make-up for the shoot. If you are doing the make-up yourself, you want to go a little darker then you would on an ordinary day and take the time to blend your make-up really well. Scheduling a make-up appointment at the salon is also a great idea.
Photographer: Pazza Photography
More Cleveland Ohio Wedding Photography


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Mustika Pearl Rings
by Zahir Karbani
Mustika pearls come in a large variety of sizes, shapes, colors and energies. They are lovely on their own, but also may be used to make stunning rings to be worn on any finger of the hand. Some perfect mustika for ring making purposes are the smaller specimens such as: small spider pearls, Tarantula pearls, Owl pearls, small Golden Carp pearls, Pomegranate, small Honey pearls, small Bee Hive pearls, small Sea Pearls and small Dew pearls. While most of these also come in large sizes you may be fortunate enough to find the smaller ones for purchase which may then be made into exquisite rings. Each pearl has its own properties and abilities, such as bringing good luck, increasing personal charisma and charm, influencing wealth or good fortune and/or offering personal protection from negative outside forces. The best way to select which pearl will bring you the most benefit is to look over the available selection and choose the one that draws you the most. The quantity of the most sought after types of mustika pearls vary greatly from day to day as they are acquired with difficulty and sold frequently and quickly. Once you have obtained the perfect pearl for yourself or your client there are two options for making it into the perfect mustika pearl ring.
The easiest and most often used method is to find a good jewelry maker to set the mustika pearl for you. These professionals can fit the stone into a setting that will enhance its beauty and inner glow. Crystal jewelry makers are an excellent option as they are familiar with the special properties that these types of items possess and can set them so that they work to their best benefit. Another option is to create a ring yourself using a purchased setting or by making one from materials obtained from jewelry making stores or Web sites. Jewelry making supply companies offer a wide array of wires, settings, tools and complementary beads for sale with which you can create your very own mustika pearl ring.
Whether you decide to have your perfect mustika pearl set for you by a jewelry or jewelry maker or you venture to make your own, you will obtain a great deal of pleasure and a variety of other benefits from this unique and beneficial piece of jewelry. Mustika pearls have been in existence for thousands of years and have been used by many in the New Age field for various applications, however, their uses for jewelry is a relatively new art. The demand for a means of displaying mustika pearls in the same way that crystals, gems and stones have been throughout the ages has inspired owners to apply the pearls in this manner. Mustika pearls have opened an entirely innovative New Age aspect to the art of wearable "energy" and personal enhancement once only reserved for crystals, rocks and gems. They are a wonderful option for creating and owning something that is truly all your own as each mustika pearl is as individual as its owner.
This article was published on Thursday 12 July, 2007.


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Summer greetings, everyone, from Charlotte's # 1 Percy Jackson fan. I LOVE the Percy Jackson books. Do you hear me? I don't just like the Percy Jackson books; I LOVE them. LOVE THEM!! Got that? I'm such a fan that you see me here at last year's Greek festival in my Camp Half-Blood t-shirt--given to me by Mr. Riordan! So I was happy to finally get hold of a dvd copy of The Sea of Monsters, the second Percy Jackson movie. Yes, i know it came out last August, but I was busy that summer and missed it at the theatres. Anyway, I enjoyed it a whole lot and wanted to recoomend it to all you reader guys. In fact, I enjoyed it much, much more than The Lightning Thief movie, which seemed to be thrown together in a hurry and didn't catch the spirit of the PJ books. This one did--mostly. There was lots of action, of course, as well as plenty of monsters, fights with monsters, narrow escapes from bad guys--all the things that make a great GUY movie. But this one also had the wacky humor of the PJ books, which was missing from the first movie. Just watch the scenes with the "cab drivers" or the encounter with Hermes. Or the Confederate "zombies." And the effects are incredible! Witness the scenes inside Charybdis or the ride on the hippocampus. Of course, there were a few flaws--Clarice was in this one (she wasn't in The Lightning Thief movie) but she didn't look at all as she is described in the books and she wasn't nearly mean enough. Plus, if I remember correctly, there were big departures from the book near the end of the movie. All in all, however, this was a very fun movie and you'll get a kick out of it if you haven't already seen it. Or, even if you have, I bet you'll enjoy it the second time. The library system has plenty of copies, although it's relatively new, which makes it a Rental movie that costs $2.00 to check out--but I'm sure you have that money from your allowance and/or the work you do at home, right?
The day after I saw the movie, I found a copy of The Titan's Curse graphic novel here at the Myers Park library (we didn't have a copy of the Sea of Monsters gn that day), so I checked it out and had the same reaction that I had to the Sea of Monsters movie. In other words, I liked it a bunch and found to be much, much better than The Lightning Thief graphic novel. That one was lame. The artwork wasn't that good--the characters looked like badly-made Play-Doh models--and the story was hard to follow. The artwork's ten times better in this one and the gn catches the feel of the book--mostly. The story can still be a little hard to follow and Atlas doesn't look nearly big and threatening enough. But, as with the movie, it was a lot of fun and you guys would definitely enjoy it. The Charlotte Mecklenburg library system has plenty of copies--one of which is still here at the Myers Park library. Come in, check it out and give me a high five!
BTW, the fifth and final book in The Lost Hero series, The Blood of Olympus, is scheduled to come out on October 7. I've reserved a copy from the library already! Get your library cards out and you could do the same! Can't wait!!! And be sure to check out Myth and Mystery, Mr. Riordan's blog, to keep current with info about this terrific books.


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|<<< Federal Agency Injury and Illness Recordkeeping...
Printing Instructions | Text Version
Title: 1904.29 - Privacy Protection
Type: Text Slide
For a privacy concern case, if the employees identity can still be implied, the employer may use some discretion in describing the case.
The rule requires that enough information be entered to identify the cause and general severity of the incident. For example, a sexual assault can be entered as "assault" or an injury to a reproductive organ can be entered as a "lower abdominal injury." The employer is not required to go into graphic detail in these types of cases.
If the employer gives out the forms to the public, the names must be removed first. There are exceptions for employee access, OSHA access, auditors, insurance, or law enforcement personnel.
Exception for public health authority or law enforcement agency when consent not required by 45 CFR 164.512.


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A bestselling author and a veteran Miami police sergeant tell the whole story behind the 1981 kidnapping and murder of Adam Walsh.
After playing video games inside a department store in Florida, Revé Walsh's six-year-old son Adam vanished. Before the grisly details emerged of his kidnapping and dismemberment, the boy's disappearance garnered national media attention, thrusting the Florida police department—namely top-notch homicide detective Joe Matthews, a father of four—headfirst into the desperate search. Early on, Matthews notes that he became troubled by the disorganized, "chaotic" quality of the station handling the investigation, but his concerns went ignored. After suffering a nasty car accident, he was excused from the case altogether. When the boy's remains were discovered in a drainage ditch, the case was further fumbled by shotgun accusations and an absence of any tangible leads, until convicted serial killer Ottis Toole admitted to the murder during an arson indictment. Standiford (Washington Burning: How a Frenchman's Vision for Our Nation's Capital Survived Congress, the Founding Fathers, and the Invading British Army, 2008, etc.) documents the numerous instances of investigatory malfeasance routinely plaguing the case, as accusations flew over botched testimonies, circumstantial evidence and Toole's numerous recanted confessions. Further, during this time period, DNA forensic technology was rudimentary at best. As years passed, Adam's father John became a staunch advocate for missing and exploited children. As the host of America's Most Wanted, Walsh reunited with Matthews, who, with a renewed, heartfelt intent and an arsenal of forensic tools, reopened the Walsh case, formally indicted Toole with sufficient evidence and closed the case in 2008. Standiford's by-the-numbers reporting is consistently engrossing and fortified with statistics, police transcripts and chillingly reenacted kidnapping attempts by Toole, whose dark-hearted verbatim dialogue, even after nearly 30 years, still has the gruesome power to keep readers on edge.
A riveting, sad coda to an American tragedy.


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DJI has gone ahead and released an innovative new 4K drone, called the Mavic Pro, that is designed to bring together the glorious and incomparable clarity of 4K images with the convenience of autonomous flight and the overall desirability of a folding design that lends itself perfectly to on-the-go use while traveling.
The DJI Mavic Pro 4K drone is fitted with arms that can fold inwards, which allows it to measure in at only 198 x 83 x 83 mm, making it significantly more compact than the GoPro Karma. THis particular 4K drone even comes with a revamped and upgraded controller that can be used to control the drone, although you can also use your smartphone for drone control assistance from within a range of 7 kilometers. The camera is able to capture 4K imagery at 30 frames per second and 1080p HD at 96 frames per second.
Compact, portable and promising 4K images of the highest quality, the Mavic Pro is an all-round achievement for the drone camera market.
The DJI Mavic Pro is Designed For Pack-and-Go Convenience
Rahul Kalvapalle — September 29, 2016 — Tech


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International Field Days in Iran to start one week earlier
(DLG). Presidential elections on the originally scheduled date have led to this date transfer – More than 20 exhibitors participate at the first edition International Field Days in Iran – 30 trial fields to show plant varieties and modern agricultural equipment.
The first edition of the International Field Days Iran will be held from 10th to 12th May at Karaj, Iran. This new event is an implementation of the DLG Field Days concept that has already taken place in several European countries.
Due to the excellent acceptance of the concept and a request by trade visitors, International Field Days will be carried out for the first time in Iran. The German-Iranian project team will pay particular attention to local demands to tailor the event for the region's agricutural sector.
Farmers will be provided with a platform for communication with cultivation consultants, manufacturers and distributors of seeds, fertilizers and plant protection products and services.
More than 30 test fields have been made available for exhibitors to present their seeds, and latest developments in growing techniques and services to an interested audience.
Agroplant, Bayer, KWS, NPZ, HOLMER and Syngenta have already confirmed their participation at the Field Days in Karaj.
The strong presence of national and international producers clearly underlines the upward economic trend in Iran.
Only a few test fields are still available. Interested companies may receive further information at IFWexpo Heidelberg GmbH and DLG International GmbH.


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My name is Maurice and i am the host/owner of HUNG HOMO HOMESTAY. I am a 70 yr old hung daddy (8.5 inches, thick uncut) who is a total top. My daily runs of 10-15 km keeps me in shape and in summer i like to use my vacuum pump to engorge my cock and balls before slipping on my loose fitting basketball style shorts so that my full basket flops while running the ocean walkway along Dallas Rd and Beacon Hill Park. My hosting responsibilities allow me ample time to garden or sunbathe in my large backyard and my medical background (retired md.) affords me a good bedside manner and secure knowledge of how the human body functions. Having worked in the gay community for 30 years has made me aware that there are a lot of bi, often married men who fantasize about getting fucked but are reluctant to do so from fear of being dirty during anal sex or they have tried when unprepared/dilated and had a traumatic first experience. To that end, I have been posting on craigslist from time to time that I will coach "bottom wannabe's" how to douche properly, how to relax and open up the anal sphincters manually and I usually manage to fuck most of the anal virgins on their first visit. I always mention that I do not charge for coaching…it's free but I only coach men that i am attracted to. My preference is men aged 25-45 years, height/weight proportionate and masculine. Crossdressers, trolls and boys under the age of 18 years need not apply. I usually post my craigslist ad the previous evening and next morning will respond to 10-12 dudes that have responded. The list gets whittled down to 2 or 3 serious "bottom students". I provide them with directions to HUNG's and how to get to the backyard entrance to the 'dungeon' where bottom coaching is conducted in complete privacy.
In early summer (may i think) of 2016 I was working on one of my flower beds in cargo shorts when I heard the approaching click..click…click of a bicycle. I glanced up and was pleasantly surprised to see an "Adonis with a small bun tying his long dark hair" aged 25 and stunning. His square jaw was framed with a dark scruffy 5 days growth of facial hair that reminded me of a "hot barrista" that is frequently featured in sitcoms and movies. My jaw dropped and I hope he didn't notice me drooling when he spoke. Without hesitation this Adonis (for the sake of discretion, this is what I will call him) said…"hi, i'm Adonis and we have been chatting online. I live in James Bay with my girlfriend and have never had a cock in my mouth or tasted cum. Would you be able to show me how to become a good bottom?". Almost too eagerly i replied…"sure, park your bike in the rack". This allowed me to better examine his 6 foot frame. He was wearing a tight fitting body shirt which showed his chiseled pecs and bulging biceps along with "suspiciously short" red cut off shorts which made his bubble butt all the more noticeable. With more pleasure than I should I reminded myself "now this is a true metrosexual and finally someone that truly matched his online description" and I softly whispered…"just my type".
I led Adonis into the change room adjacent to the "dungeon" and asked him to strip down as did I. I turned to lock the door behind us and was pleasantly surprised when i turned around again to discover that my first impressions were 'bang on". Standing in front of me now I could now see that Adonis had just enough clipped chest hair to nicely outlined his bulging pectoral muscles and it tapered down to his navel. He had a " 6 pack" with just enough short dark hair in the creases of his abdominal muscles to accentuate them. His pubic hair had been trimmed which confirmed my impression "yup, he's a metrosexual". His cock was already tumescent and rising in a gentle upward arch, cut and measuring at least 8.5 or 9 inches with a full ball sack suspended from this beautiful arch. I said "jackpot". "Let me give you a tour before we begin the coaching". "This is the glory hole room". We entered the dark furnace room and I shut the door behind us so we were in complete darkenss. I reached for his left hand so that i could have him feel the wall in front of him with the glory hole. I was pleasantly surprised when his free hand caressed and slowly tugged on my now rigid cock. I caressed his beautiful face and felt the bun at the back of his head before we kissed in the dark for a few minutes. Reluctantly i pulled myself away from his embrace so that i could demonstrate how the glory hole works. I slipped behind the partition and stuck my "raging hardon" and balls thru the glory hole. He fumbled with his hands for a few seconds before I felt his hot lips and mouth engulf my cock. In no time at all he was lapping my large "mushroom head" and taking the entire shaft in his mouth. I felt his lips and tongue lap my huge nuts before he sucked them one at a time into his mouth. Fearing that he would "blow his load" before I got to taste it, I cautioned, "let's continue the tour" and took him into the bathroom where i showed him the showers with douching nozzles. I explained to him that to douche you have to lube up your hole then insert the douching nozzle in for just a few seconds to get some water in rectum. Then poop it out, flush the contents down the drain with douching nozzle. Repeat till water comes out clean then you should wait about 15-20 before getting fucked in case there is some backflow. "The trick to douching is not to use too much water otherwise the water will enter your transverse colon and leak out while getting fucked" i explained to him in anticipation of filling that beautiful bubble butt with my engorged cock. Reluctantly i left him in the shower to clean out his manhole as I put on some porn on the flatscreen television in dungeon. In a few minutes he joined me in the playpen and chimed…."that was kinda hot actually".
With the lights on in the playpen i showed him the gang bang table and explained to him that it spins the bottom from one top to another when he is lying "froggy legged up" on the table…it even raises or lowers depending on hot tall the tops are…then i showed him the sling and the "red fucking horse) where i will do the coaching.
With that, turned around to dim the overhead lights and was pleasantly surprised to find when i turned back to face him …that he had correctly mounted the red fucking horse and was kneeling on one of the side "running boards" with his back arched and spreading his ample butt cheeks with both hands. Without hesitation I dropped to my knees and tongue fucked his hole to get in nicely wet. After a few moments tongue rimming he was moaning and I could feel his hard cock throbbing in anticipation. I lubed my right fingers and slowly pushed index finger against his tight hole and past the external sphincter. He gasped which rapidly changed to a low moan. I continued the anal dilatation just barely getting 2 fingers in with my middle finger probing past the internal sphincter. His moans became stronger and the timber in his manly voice indicated to me that he was uncomfortable. With that he said "could you fuck me with one of your toys before you stick that big cock in me?'. As i went to one of the shelves to retrieve my dildos Adonis hopped off the red fucking horse and hopped on the gang bang table on all fours with his ass sticking up in the air and back arched as I had instructed him before. With that i placed a condom on a dildo, lubed it up and slowly penetrated his virgin ass. He moaned in delight and i could tell from the throbbing of his rock hard cock that he was not going to last much longer. With one hand fucking him with the dildo…i bent under his open legs and with my free hand gently bent his rigid manhood into my open mouth. After one or 2 minutes he began his orgasmic grunts and a river of hot jizz squirted to the back of my throad and down my expectant gullet.
As his convulsive spasms of extasy were abating, he dismounted the table and we collapsed in a mutually supportive hug as he said" Oh my fucking god, I have never felt an orgasm like that". I knew he was a convert to man2man sex then, but he nonetheless dropped to his knees and said "i still want to taste cum daddy". After a few moments of eager sucking i was pleased to deliver to his open mouth my own jetstream of cum which quickly filled his open mouth, down his throat and spilled over down his chin. A few spurts missed his mouth entirely and dripped off his eyebrows and forehead down his cheeks like frozen tears.
He rinsed his cum and sweat soaked Adonis body in the shower then dressed quickly into his t-shirt and red shorts when i noticed he was "free balling it ". I thanked him for his enthusiasm and gave him a card for the man2man sex club orgy schedule and informed him that if he liked the taste of cum, he should attend a nooner as I could guarantee that with his manly good looks he would quickly would be in the centre of a circle suck/jerk and would likely get a good "cum shower".
He thanked me with genuine gratitude and I thought to myself, i hope that's not the last I see of this delightful "metrosexual". Much to my surprise, the next week, Adonis showed up at the tail end of a nooner of the man2man sex club and was swarmed by a half dozen horny men who shared their "gifts" with him. But that true tale is for another time……..


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Survival instincts are something we all have. Some of us due to experience at a young age have more profound skills then others. We know the little things to do to get through a tough time enduring until somehow it improves. We witness the homeless on the streets creating a home of sorts out of boxes or whatever can be found. They search for food in all the places one can think, some odd, some obvious. Sometimes settling for anything at all just to quiet the rumblings in the belly.
It isn't something we expect to see among the elderly, or at least I did not expect to see it. Yet yesterday, Thanksgiving in the States, I visited my former neighbor at the nursing home where he is currently confined. I sat beside him at the turkey ham and dressing dinner the facility served. Mostly cold. Mostly canned food. Mostly with little nutrition which is so important. They push around their food. Some now accustomed to the blandness others newer to the facility knowing there is better more appetizing food just beyond the door, down the street. If only they had been invited to join the family or friends. If only.
When one covers their dish and leaves the table to go back to the small drab rooms, another may take a bit of their food. Wrapping it in the only napkin provided on their tray and already used. Yesterday I witnessed this. A man sitting at the table with my neighbor took the turkey and ham off a lady's plate who left. It was as if he was in survival mode and that food was of shortage. He explained he was a diabetic and needed to eat frequently yet sometimes that did not happen. So he was attempting to take care of himself by taking what was left on her plate.
The action sends a wave of sadness because it is with heavy heart the bystander, like me watches as this older man's survival instincts are having to be used even though he is not really homeless. He has a place to live for which he is probably paying greatly. I have never seen anyone visit him in the time I have been going to see my neighbor. I haven't seen anyone join him for his lunch or dinner. He is alone it appears. Parked there as if on the corner of the street trying to make it on whatever he can find.
Do we ever think about what goes on in these places. How our deep seated instincts of all types kick in. How even if we are older, we never quite loose the ability and desire to survive. I suppose that is the animal related side of us. We can if we have to, do most anything. And we can, if we have to make dinner out of whatever we can find. We can satisfy the hunger with meager means and we can get by when there is no one to reach their hand back to offer a help or pass us food.
It is heartbreaking, however, to see that one in their older years is still having to use the survival skills. Older years should be those of enjoyment, of family, friends around. Or so we think and assume. Yet for some of us that does happen as is the case I guess with this fellow sitting at the table with my neighbor, his survival instincts still intact. He isn't bothered by it. He laughs and has his wits about him. He simply knows what he needs and is taking care of himself as he probably always has.
Even though it is unsettling and has that tone of heartbreaking sadness, it is good to know that regardless of what happens we all can truly reach into our instincts and survive. We can have the confidence to get through the bumps regardless of age. It is I suppose the string of survival that holds us together and for that gift we can be grateful.


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Let's look at what goes on in the brain during sex and orgasm. Although you think everything happens between your legs, the experience of orgasm actually occurs between your ears. Certain pathways are turned on, while your defenses are turned off. This happens by means of chemical messengers and the nerve cell receptors they bind to. These neurochemical changes take place in the limbic system, or "mammalian brain." The mammalian brain controls almost all bodily functions. It's the seat of emotions, desires, drives and impulses. It's where you fall in and out of love…or lust.
The mammalian brain, or limbic system, is largely the same in all mammals. It has been around for well over 100,000,000 years, lurking right beneath your large, rational neo-cortex. Rats, apes and humans use the same neurochemicals to operate the same functions in this part of the brain. Scientists aren't studying rodent brains to help them with their addictions and erections!
Thanks to your limbic system, you cannot will your feelings, emotions, falling in love, or staying in love, anymore than you can will your heart to beat, or yourself to digest a meal or sleep.
Recently, scientists have begun to unravel the neurochemistry of lust, attachment and falling in love. Falling in love involves simultaneous activation and deactivation of discrete parts of the limbic system. For every biological event in your body, there is a biological cause. In this case, the cause is neurochemicals—and the pathways they turn on and off.
Neurochemical Commands
The central neurochemical player behind falling in—and out—of love is dopamine. Dopamine is the principal neurochemical that activates your reward circuitry. Your reward circuitry drives nearly all of your behaviors. In other words, most all roads lead to Rome, or to the reward circuitry so you can assess things as "good, bad, or indifferent."
At its most basic, this circuit is activated when you engage in activities that further your survival, or the continuation of your genes. Whether it's sex, eating, taking risks, achieving goals, or drinking water, all increase dopamine, and dopamine turns on your reward circuitry. You can think of dopamine as the "I've got to have it" neurochemical, whatever "it" is. It's the "craving" signal.
The more dopamine you release and the more your reward circuit is activated, the more "reward" you experience. A good example is food. We get a much bigger blast of dopamine eating high-calorie foods than we do low-calorie foods. It's why we choose chocolate cake over Brussels sprouts. Our reward circuit is programmed so that "calories equal survival." You're not actually craving ice cream, or a winning lotto ticket, or even a romp in the sack. You're craving the dopamine that is released with these activities. Dopamine is your major motivation, not the item or activity.
Addiction mechanisms are complex. Yet the one aspect they share is dopamine. All addictive substances and activities increase dopamine. Porn, accumulating money, gaining power over others, gambling, compulsive shopping, video games…if something really boosts your dopamine, then it's potentially addictive for you. Why did Martha Stewart risk everything for more money? She got a thrill from a stock market gamble. She didn't need the money; she needed the dopamine.
Addictiive highs mimic the good feelings of the basic activities for which we're actually wired...by hijacking our wiring. Out of thousands of chemicals, these few substances (alcohol, cocaine, etc.) jack up dopamine. We can also hijack it with extremely stimulating versions of natural behaviors: casinos with hot hostesses, novel porn at every click, tasty junk food filled with fat and sugar, and so forth.
Do not get the idea that dopamine is bad. There's no such thing as a bad neurochemical or hormone, although both can be problems when out of balance. Dopamine is absolutely necessary for your decision-making, happiness, and survival. Yet when it's too low or too high (or when changes in its receptors alter your sensitivity), it can cause real problems.
If you look at this chart you can see some behaviors and conditions associated with dopamine levels that are too high or too low. The key word on the list below is bonding. Bonding is more than a behavior. It is a mammalian program, the program that permits parenting and living in groups. When dopamine drops, you are likely to find your partner less rewarding—and your bond unravels.
Dopamine Levels (or altered sensitivity to dopamine)
|Healthy bonding
|Feelings of well-being, satisfaction
|Anhedonia—no pleasure, world looks colorless
|Pleasure, reward in accomplishing tasks
|Sexual fetishes
|Lack of ambition and drive
|Healthy libido
|Sexual addiction
|Inability to "love"
|Good feelings toward others
|Unhealthy risk-taking
|Low libido
|Erectile dysfunction
|Healthy risk taking
|Compulsive activities
|No remorse about personal behavior
|Sound choices
|ADHD or ADD
|Realistic expectations
|Social anxiety disorder
|Parent/child bonding
|Sleep disturbances, "restless legs"
|Contentment with "little" things
Researchers placed electrodes in rats' reward centers to stimulate them, much as dopamine does. The rats could then press a lever to stimulate the reward center. That's all those rats did. They ignored food, receptive females and their own pups, if female. They just sat there pressing the lever over and over, wasting away…not unlike crack addicts. In other experiments, scientists blocked dopamine so the reward center could not be stimulated. What happened? The rats just sat there, again—ignoring food, receptive mates, and the opportunity to explore their environment. (For more on how this "binge trigger" works, see this more recent article: Has Evolution Trained Our Brains to Gorge on Food and Sex?
Orgasm is the biggest blast of dopamine (legally) available to us. A Dutch scientist recently scanned the brains of people having orgasm. He said they resembled scans of heroin rushes. He saw visions of an "orgasm pill" and lots of money. We saw visions of one of the most addictive substance ever produced.
Orgasms and addictive substances or behaviors have two things in common. They both produce an initial pleasurable experience, and both are followed by a hangover. The sexual satiation (orgasm) hangover is innate. It's a program of neurochemical fluctuations, triggered by orgasm, which appears to continue for about two weeks. It can be such a subtle part of you that you do not connect the dots—unless you switch to making love without it for several weeks, and then go back to sex with orgasm.
"What goes up must come down." It's simple biology; body systems must return to balance, or homeostasis. In this case it's your dopamine rising and falling. That can play around with your mood and, most importantly for your love life, the way in which you perceive, and treat, your partner.
With conventional sex and orgasms you're probably going in and out of these dopamine extremes. So are we saying that orgasm makes you schizophrenic and then depressed, as in the chart above? No, but it definitely affects your behavior and mood. Reflection upon the behaviors associated with high and low dopamine may help explain how one's lover can do the "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" thing. (Or the Aphrodite-Medusa thing.)
Consider this: A menstrual cycle is generally 28 days of hormonal dominoes, but some women suffer from PMS often, others now and then, others don't notice it. Same thing with the orgasm cycle. It's there...and we know for sure that it lasts for at least 7 days in men, and for 15 days in both males and females of at least one other mammal. Yet the experience of those going through it can differ widely.
All of the following factors (and more, no doubt) can shape lovers' experience: How new is their romance? How much daily affection do they engage in to soothe their nervous systems? What kind of sex do they have? (Intercourse has been shown to be more relaxing over the days following than oral sex or masturbation.) How sensitive are they to particular neurochemicals? Probably no two recovery periods are identical.
Subtle or not, these changes in our feelings can lead to many of the judgments that couples routinely make: "He's not doing enough." "She's nagging me," and so forth. Your genes want enough disharmony so that both of you will welcome new mating opportunities, whether or not you actually indulge in them. Why? Increased genetic variety in your offspring. There are no sexually-exclusive monogamous mammals (or birds), even among pair-bonders. True monogamy is a ticket to extinction as far as your genes are concerned.
This mechanism is very old, because evolution keeps the traits that work in our genes' favor. This does notmean these urges work in your favor, however. Close, trusted companionship and warm affection are some of the best health insurance there is. Relationship turnover can be stressful.
More to the Story
The highs and lows of dopamine are only part of the "post-sexual satiation hangover" story. At orgasm, dopamine drops like a lead balloon (at least if you're a typical male), and we lose interest, at least temporarily.
However, if dopamine's not kept in check, it could rapidly shoot up again and we'd be back in the sack. Biology's mission is now to stop us from screwing around and place our attention elsewhere—like on hunting and gathering, feeding the babies, going to our job, taking out the trash and so forth. Otherwise we'd end up like those rats, working our levers over and over, and doing nothing else. Another aspect of biology's strategy may be to keep the brakes on dopamine so that only something really enticing jacks it up...like a novel mate.
Suppressing dopamine is so important that nature uses an additional neurochemical to curtail our sexual desire. It's called prolactin. If dopamine is the "foot on the gas," then prolactin is the "foot on the brake."
The 'Passion Cycle'
Dopamine - RED / Prolactin - BLUE Research shows that prolactin surges immediately after orgasm in both men and women. Men may experience this prolactin surge as the "roll over and snore" phenomenon. In women, the effects may be delayed for days. We notice that the effects come and go for about two weeks.
There's an inverse relationship between the levels of prolactin and dopamine; when one is up the other is down. This rise and fall may produce a dopamine/prolactin roller coaster of highs and lows. We suspect that prolactin, and this roller coaster, are aspects of the post-orgasm hangover.
Notice that in women excess prolactin is also associated with anxiety and hostility. Sound familiar? The following table lists symptoms of patients with chronically elevated prolactin. We think that after sex, prolactin surges may be subtle, but still noticeable in their effects. The symptoms could be due to the rises in prolactin or the consequent suppression of dopamine.
|Loss of libido
|Loss of libido
|Mood changes / depression
|Mood changes / depression
|Hostility, anxiety
|Signs of increased testosterone levels
|Decreased testosterone levels
Although research hasn't shown how long prolactin surges continue in humans after sex, in female rats, twice daily surges of prolactin continue for up to two weeks after vigorous mating. This may help to explain how great sex last week could lead to relationship friction now. And it's no wonder we don't make the link between cause and effect.
There's also evidence that prolactin acts as a stress hormone. Unlike the "fight or flight" stress hormones, prolactin seems to be associated with "giving up," or "despair-type" stress. When a wild monkey is first caged, "fight or flight" stress hormones rise. As time goes by and despair sets in, "fight or flight" hormones fall and prolactin rises.
Could surges of prolactin explain agitation, wanting "space," or irritation with your partner that seems to come out of nowhere and then die down? Over time, could these recurring feelings also lead to relationship disillusionment? Who knows?
To summarize thus far, orgasm leads to fluctuating levels of dopamine and prolactin. Both of these lead to multiple behavioral and emotional symptoms, which, in our experience, can arise over the next two weeks. During this time, behavior may change for the worse. More importantly, lovers' perception of each other can shift dramatically for the worse. If we feel depleted, our partner will seem overly demanding; if we feel needy, our partner will seem selfish and uncaring. Bickering and emotional separation then lead to further friction. Of course, few people ever avoid orgasm for two weeks. Most of us ride this roller coaster over and over, never really experiencing balanced brain chemistry—or the easy harmony that accompanies it.
Orgasm's fluctuating dopamine pattern, especially the lows, actually encourages addictions of many kinds because people attempt to use artificial means to manipulate ("medicate") their dopamine levels. Low dopamine (or reduced sensitivity to it) is at the heart of all cravings, whether one is addicted or not. We want our dopamine back up to normal, so we feel "right."
Gary found that when he got off of the roller coaster, the results were amazing: He dropped a long-term addiction and eventually left behind prescription antidepressants, ending a lifetime of depression.
Evolutionarily, a mammal's prime choice for feeling good (without waiting out the cycle) was pursuing a novel sex partner.
Think about it. Most addictions, or use of mood-altering substances and activities, kick in during teen years, when we become sexually active. A Columbia University study found that sexually active teens use more drugs. One might think social factors alone lead to this correlation between drugs and sex, but when scientists studied hamsters, they found that sexually-active hamsters were much more susceptible to amphetamine addiction than their virgin counterparts. This research brings us to another observation. Children, or pre-teens have yet to activate this dopamine roller coaster, and they possess a cheerful, optimistic enthusiasm for the simplest activities. Perhaps this is due to balanced dopamine.
Testosterone, Dopamine and the Coolidge Effect
There is further evidence for the post-passion hangover. Sexually-satiated male rats take up to fifteen days to recover their full desire for sex, although there is one way to jump-start them, which we'll get to in a moment. Research shows they experience a reduction in testosterone receptors for up to a week within their reward circuitry. Hormones and neurochemicals dock with receptors on the nerve cells. In this case, fewer receptors mean less sensitivity to circulating testosterone. The result is that the reward circuitry pumps out less dopamine. It's like the reward circuitry's batteries are low. If this happens in females, it would also reduce their sexual desire. Low testosterone (or decreased sensitivity to it) is associated with irritability and anger.
Serotonin and endorphin levels also rise in the reward circuitry of sexually-satiated rats. Most of us have heard that these are "happy neurochemicals," but in this part of the limbic brain both function to put on the brakes instead of just producing warm, fuzzy feelings. Keep in mind that sexual dysfunction is a major side effect of taking either antidepressants that raise serotonin, or narcotics that mimic endorphins. When neurochemicals dampen your reward circuitry for a time, your relationship can suffer.
Humans, like virtually all mammals, are not naturally monogamous. This may not sound very romantic, but no mammals are sexually exclusive. (A few, such as humans, are socially monogamous. That is, they raise their offspring together.) It is therefore likely that our mating neurochemistry is set up to accomplish two goals. It encourages bonding so we co-parent. Yet there is also a conflicting program to push us out of those bonds—at least far enough to add a novel mate.
From chimps to rats, the same neurochemical events drive mammalian behaviors, and they are driving them to be promiscuous. Is it likely that Mr. and Mrs. Rodent are growing apart in their relationship? Could the excitement be gone from their marriage? Perhaps Mrs. Chimp spends too much money, or nags too much. Maybe Mr. Chimp watches too much football or doesn't help much with housework. Not likely. Just like us, they have a subconscious program, triggered by mating, found in their mammalian brains, which biology uses to urge them tire of their mates and move on to new mates.
During the two weeks that the hangover from orgasm lingers, our large, rational brain proposes logical reasons to explain our relationship disharmony. Orgasm is natural…absolutely. But it may also be natural for both men and women to sour on a mate, to suddenly find a spouse unattractive, irritating, and wholly unreasonable. It may even be natural to become wholly unreasonable and thus hasten the departure of a mate.
Now we know that all of you are wondering about that sure-fire way to jumpstart male rats' flagging libido. Perhaps you can already guess. All you have to do is introduce a new, receptive female. That may not be the answer you were hoping for…or perhaps it was!
Have you heard of the "Coolidge Effect?" Because that's what we're addressing. Scientists have discovered that—after a frenzy of copulation—a male rat will lose interest in a female. BUT should a new female show up, he'll perk up long enough to service her.1 This process can be continued until he practically dies of exhaustion—once again proving that biology doesn't give a rat's…hindquarters about anything but propelling genes into the future. The Coolidge Effect has been observed in every species tested, and not just in males. Lady rodents prefer to seduce new guys, too.
The Coolidge Effect just might play a role in human affairs as well. Marnia once talked with a man who had stopped counting at 350 lovers. He said, "I really don't understand it. I lost interest in all of them sexually so quickly—and some of those women are really beautiful, too."
The Coolidge Effect is linked to your post-orgasm hangover. The reason the rat loses interest is that he's getting a weaker and weaker dopamine surge from Partner No. 1. No dopamine surge, no interest. She is not perceived as "rewarding." The same thing happens to humans. The thrill is gone, and Partner No. 1 looks like Brussels sprouts. Now you're primed for anything that will jack up your dopamine again. Partner No. 2 appears, and your dopamine soars. As if by magic, your blues are gone, and you have that heady feeling of anticipation, that sense of uninhibited aliveness. In short, No. 2 looks like chocolate cake.
Assuming we don't learn how to steer for lasting bonds by taming our limbic system, our reward circuitry will push us to do just what it evolved to do (once our temporary honeymoon neurochemistry wears off). We'll get less and less dopamine "reward" during sex with our current mate. Notice that this is similar to what occurs when people use drugs or gamble. They seek more and more stimulation to get the same high.
In short, feelings of sexual satiety do not promote romance—which calls into question a lot of today's relationship advice about producing bigger and better orgasms. The truth has been recognized for thousands of years. Here's a poem from the ancient Greek Anthology.
Once plighted, no men would go whoring.
They'd stay with the one they adore,
If women were half as alluring
After the act as before.
Back to our tale. What if No. 2 doesn't show up for your tryst, and you're left in the doldrums? Unlike rats, you have many dopamine-raising possibilities—from internet porn, gambling and alcohol, to the new dopamine agonists drug companies are producing to light a fire under slumbering libidos (not recommended, due to risky side effects).
These "fixes" make you feel better briefly, but as far as your well-being goes, they are like eating junk food—a net loss.
Your mammalian brain (limbic system) is not equipped to understand that there can be too much of a good thing. It just keeps rewarding you to do the same unrewarding things. A "fix" just positions you for a continuous addictive cycle of highs, more lows, and a search for more highs. Many of us spend much of our sex lives caught in this cycle—with no obvious way out.
The Power of Equilibrium
We have talked about how roller coaster levels of dopamine can break couples apart, but there's also something holding couples together. The neurochemical that binds couples together is oxytocin, the "cuddle hormone" or "bonding hormone." Without it, we could not stay in love. Falling in love is associated with a soup of neurochemicals—like adrenaline, which makes your heart race, and, as we have mentioned, dopamine, which makes you crave your beloved, and low serotonin, which can make you obsessed with someone. But the heartwarming, loving, "gushy" aspects of love are due to oxytocin. It is the "unconditional love" hormone associated with nurturing and generous affection.
Oxytocin has various functions in the body, such as inducing labor contractions and milk ejection, but from evolutionary biology's perspective, its main evolutionary function is to bond us to our children for life. It also serves to bond us to our mate…at least long enough to fall in love with our child so that it has two caregivers for its long childhood and adolescence.
Friendships are also built on oxytocin, and can be quite deep bonds. Yet, what happens to friendships that turn into sexual relationships? Often things change for the worse. This change is an excellent example of the post-sexual satiation neurochemical shift or hangover kicking in.
Oxytocin and dopamine are the yin and yang of bonding and love. Dopamine furnishes the kick, oxytocin makes a particular mate appealing, in part by triggering feelings of comfort. You need both acting on the reward circuitry at ideal levels to stay in love. In experiments, if scientists block either oxytocin or dopamine, mothers will ignore their pups. There's evidence that these two neurochemicals stimulate each other's release, so if one is low, it affects levels of the other. As sexual satiation plays havoc with dopamine, lovers can end up with a double-whammy effect on their precious emotional bonds. Low dopamine alone interferes with feelings of love, and it may reduce oxytocin levels or the brain's sensitivity to oxytocin. As things go sour, something interferes with oxytocin's bonding effects. It's likely that it's low dopamine.
The good news is that making love while avoiding sexual satiation is the loophole in biology's plan for our love lives. This is the secret that the ancient sacred-sexuality sages stumbled upon. Making love with lots of affection, without the dopamine-driven highs and lows of conventional sex, seems to keep neurochemical levels balanced.
There's some evidence that the more oxytocin you produce, the more receptive to it key nerve cells become. This is the opposite of dopamine. In addicts, dopamine receptors start to decrease, as the nerve cells protect themselves from overstimulation. Addicts then need more and more of a drug (more and more dopamine). Luckily you don't need an ever-increasing "fix" of oxytocin to maintain the sparkle in your romance. Daily bonding behaviors can make your partner look better and better—at least to you. This is why daily affection, with less orgasm can strengthen your bond with your mate.
Oxytocin is associated with significant benefits, both emotionally and physically. In fact, oxytocin may be the answer to the question, "What is the mechanism by which love and affection positively affect our health?"
Consider the following research:
- Oxytocin reduces cravings. When scientists administered it to rodents who were addicted to cocaine, morphine, or heroin, the rats opted for less drugs, or showed fewer symptoms of withdrawal. (Kovacs, 1998)
- Oxytocin calms. A single rat injected with oxytocin has a calming effect on a cage full of anxious rats. (Agren, 2002)
- This quality of oxytocin explains why companionship can increase longevity—even among those who are HIV positive (Young, 2004). Or speed recovery: wounded hamsters heal twice as fast when they are paired with a sibling, rather than left in isolation (DeVries, 2004).
- It may also explain why, among various species of primates, care-giving parents (whether male or female) live significantly longer. (Cal Tech, 1998)
- Oxytocin appears be a major reason that SSRI's [Prozac-type drugs] ease depression, perhaps because high levels of cortisol are the chief culprits in depression and anxiety disorders. (Oxytocin counteracts cortisol's effects.) (Uvnas-Moberg, 1999)
- Oxytocin increases sexual receptivity and counteracts impotence, which may be one reason why this other way of making love remains pleasurable. (Pedersen, C.A., 2002), (Arletti, 1997)
Again, notice that oxytocin reduces cravings and increases sexual receptivity. This allows making love without orgasm to be surprisingly satisfying. The affection is always there, flowing between you and your partner.
When we tiptoe around dopamine's highs and lows, we encourage balance and clear perception of each other. We see each other as sources of safety and pleasure, not as sources of recurring stress with brief moments of sexual pleasure. The real magic of love happens at a neurochemical level—and we can choose balance in order to foil the extremes of our genes' plans for us.


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