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10 Downing Street
(Colloquially known in the United Kingdom as "Number 10") is the official residence and office of the
First Lord of the Treasury
and hence
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
The headquarters of
Her Majesty's Government
, it is situated on
Downing Street
in the
City of Westminster
in London.
Number 10 is perhaps the most famous address in the United Kingdom and one of the most widely recognised houses in the world. Almost three hundred years old, the building contains about one hundred rooms. There is a private residence on the third floor and a kitchen in the basement. The other floors contain offices and numerous conference, reception, sitting and dining rooms where the Prime Minister works and meets with and entertains government ministers, national leaders and foreign dignitaries. There is an interior courtyard and, in the back, a terrace overlooking a half acre garden.
Adjacent to
St James's Park
, Number 10 is near the
Palace of Westminster
, the Houses of
, and
Buckingham Palace
, the official London residence of the
British Monarch
Number 10 was originally three houses. In 1732,
King George II
offered them to
Sir Robert Walpole
who accepted on the condition that they be a gift to the office of First Lord of the Treasury rather than to him personally. Walpole commissioned
William Kent
to join the three houses together. It is this larger house that is known today as
Number 10 Downing Street
The arrangement was not an immediate success. Despite its size and convenient location near Parliament, few early Prime Ministers lived there. Costly to maintain, neglected, and run-down, Number 10 was close to being razed several times.
Nevertheless, Number 10 survived and became linked with many statesmen and events in British history. In 1985, Prime Minister
Margaret Thatcher
said Number 10 had become "one of the most precious jewels in the national heritage".
History of the building
The original Number 10
Number 10 Downing Street was originally three houses: a
St. James's Park
(called "the house at the back"), a
behind it located at 10 Downing Street and a cottage next to Number 10.
The townhouse, from which the modern building gets its name, was one of several built by
Sir George Downing
between 1682 and 1684.
Downing, a notorious spy for
Oliver Cromwell
and later
King Charles II
, invested in properties and acquired considerable wealth. In 1654, he purchased the lease on land south of Saint James's Park, adjacent to the house at the back within walking distance of Parliament. Downing planned to build a row of townhouses designed "for persons of good quality to inhabit in..." The street on which he built these homes now bears his name, and the largest became part of today's Number 10 Downing Street.
Sir George Downing.
This painting now hangs in Number 10 just inside the front door.
Straightforward as this investment seemed, it proved otherwise. There was another claim to the land: the Hampden family had a lease that they refused to relinquish. Downing fought this claim, but failed and consequently had to wait thirty years before he could build his houses.
When the Hampden lease expired, Downing received permission to build further west to take advantage of recent real estate developments. The new warrant issued in 1682 reads: "Sir George Downing ... [is authorized] to build new and more houses further westward on the grounds granted him by the patent of 1663/4 Feb. 23. The present grant is by reason that the said Cockpit or the greater part thereof is since demolished; but it is to be subject to the proviso that it be not built any nearer than 14 feet of the wall of the said Park at the West end thereof."
Between 1682 and 1684, Downing built a cul-de-sac of two-storey townhomes complete with coach-houses, stables and views of St. James's Park. How many he built is not clear, most historians say fifteen, others say twenty. The addresses changed several times; Number 10 was "Number 5" for a while; it did not become "10" until 1787.
Downing employed
Sir Christopher Wren
to design his houses. Although large, they were put up quickly and cheaply on soft soil with shallow foundations. The fronts, for example, were facades with lines painted on the surface imitating brick mortar. Prime Minister
Winston Churchill
wrote that Number 10 was "shaky and lightly built by the profiteering contractor whose name they bear."
The upper end of the Downing Street cul de sac closed off access to
St. James's Park
, making the street quiet and private.
An advertisement in 1720, described it as: "... a pretty open Place, especially at the upper end, where are four or five very large and well-built Houses, fit for Persons of Honour and Quality; each House having a pleasant Prospect into St. James's Park, with a Tarras Walk." They had several distinguished residents. The Countess of Yarmouth lived at Number 10 between 1688 and 1689, Lord Lansdowne from 1692 to 1696 and the Earl of Grantham from 1699 to 1703.
Downing probably never lived in his townhouses. In 1675, he retired to Cambridge where he died a few months after they were completed. A portrait of Sir George Downing now hangs in the entrance foyer of the modern Number 10 Downing Street.
History of the "House at the Back" before 1733
The "House at the Back", the largest of the three houses that were combined to make up Number 10, was a mansion constructed around 1530 next to
Whitehall Palace
Rebuilt, expanded, and renovated many times since, it was originally one of several buildings that made up the "Cockpit Lodgings", so-called because they were attached to an octagonal structure used as a
ring. Early in seventeenth century, the Cockpit was converted to a concert hall and theatre; after the
Glorious Revolution
, some of the first
meetings were secretly held there.
For many years, the "house at the back" was the home of the Keeper of Whitehall Palace,
Thomas Knevett
(or Knyvet), famous for capturing
Guy Fawkes
in 1605 and foiling his plot to assassinate
James I
. The previous year, Knevett moved into a house next door, approximately where Number 10 is today.
From this time, members of the royal family and the government usually lived in the "house at the back".
Princess Elizabeth
lived there from 1604 until 1613 when she married
Frederick V, Elector Palatine
and moved to
She was the grandmother of
, the
Elector of Hanover
, who became King of England in 1714, and the great-grandmother of
King George II
, who presented the house to Walpole in 1732.
George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle
, the general responsible for the Restoration of the monarchy, lived there from 1660 until his death in 1671. As head of the
Great Treasury Commission
of 1667-1672, Albemarle transformed accounting methods and allowed the Crown greater control over expenses. His Secretary,
Sir George Downing
, who later built Downing Street, is thought to have created these changes. Albemarle is the first Treasury minister to live in what would eventually become the home of the First Lord of the Treasury and Prime Minister.
In 1671,
George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham
, took possession when he joined the Cabal Ministry. (The "B" in the acronym CABAL refers to Buckingham.) At considerable expense, Buckingham rebuilt the house. The result was a spacious mansion, lying parallel to Whitehall Palace with a view of St. James Park from its garden.
After Buckingham retired in 1676, Lady
Charlotte Fitzroy
, Charles II's daughter, moved in when she married the
Earl of Lichfield
Master of the Horse
. The Crown authorized extensive rebuilding again that included adding a storey, giving it three main floors, an attic and basement. This structure can be seen today as the rear section of Number 10.
(See Plan of the Premises Granted to the Earl and Countess of Lichfield in 1677
The likely reason that repair was required is that the house had settled in the swampy ground near the Thames, causing structural damage. Like Downing Street, it rested on a shallow foundation, a design error that would cause problems until 1960 when the modern Number 10 was rebuilt on deep pilings.
The Litchfield family followed
James II
into exile after the
Glorious Revolution
In 1690,
King William III
Queen Mary II
, gave the "house at the back" to
Hendrik van Nassau-Ouwerkerk
, a
who had assisted in securing the Crown for the then-Prince of Orange.
Nassau, who Anglicized his named to "Overkirk", lived there until his death in 1708.
The "house at the back" reverted to the Crown when Lady Overkirk died in 1720. The Treasury issued an order "for repairing and fitting it up in the best and most substantial manner" at a cost of £2,522. The work included: "The Back passage into Downing street to be repaired and a new door; a New Necessary House to be made; To take down the Useless passage formerly made for the Maids of Honour to go into Downing Street, when the Queen lived at the Cockpit; To New Cast a great Lead Cistern & pipes and to lay the Water into the house & a new frame for ye Cistern."
(See Buildings on the Site of the Cockpit and Number 10 Downing Street c1720
Johann Caspar von Bothmer
, Count
, envoy from Hanover and advisor to George I and II, took up residency in 1720. Although Bothmer complained about "the ruinous Condition of the Premises", he lived there until his death in 1732.
The First Lord's House: 1733–1735
Sir Robert Walpole accepted George II's gift of the house at the back and two Downing Street houses on the condition that they be given to the office of First Lord of the Treasury.
When Count Bothmar died, ownership of the "house at the back" reverted to the Crown. George II took this opportunity to offer it to Sir Robert Walpole, often called the first Prime Minister, as a gift for his services to the nation: stabilizing its finances, keeping it at peace and securing the Hanoverian succession. Coincidentally, the King had obtained the leases on two Downing Street properties, including Number 10, and added these to his proposed gift.
Walpole did not accept the gift for himself. He proposed — and the King agreed — that the Crown give the properties to the Office of First Lord of the Treasury. Walpole would live there as the incumbent First Lord, but would vacate it for the next one.
To enlarge the new house, Walpole persuaded Mr Chicken, the tenant of a cottage next door, to move to another house in Downing Street. This small house and the mansion at the back were then incorporated into Number 10. Walpole commissioned
William Kent
to convert them into one building. Kent joined the larger houses by building a two-story structure between them, consisting of one long room on the ground floor and several above. The remaining interior space was converted into a courtyard. He connected the Downing Street houses with a corridor, now called the Treasury Passage.
Having united the structures, Kent gutted and rebuilt the interior. He then surmounted the third story of the house at the back with a pediment. To allow Walpole quicker access to Parliament, Kent closed the north side entrance from St. James's Park, and made the door on Downing Street the main entrance.
The rebuilding took three years. On 23 September 1735, the London Daily Post announced that: "Yesterday, the Right Hon. Sir Robert Walpole, with his Lady and Family moved from their House in St James's Square, to his new House adjoining to the Treasury in St James's Park."
Walpole did not enter through the now-famous door; that would not be installed until forty years later. Kent's door was modest, belying the spacious elegance beyond. The First Lord's new, albeit temporary, home had sixty rooms, with hardwood and marble floors, crown moulding, elegant pillars and marble mantelpieces; those on the west side with beautiful views of St. James's Park. One of the largest rooms was a study measuring forty feet by twenty with enormous windows overlooking St James's Park. "My Lord's Study" (as Kent labelled it in his drawings) would later become the Cabinet room where Prime Ministers meet with the Cabinet ministers.
The cost of conversion is unknown. Originally estimated at £8,000, the final cost probably exceeded £20,000.
Shortly after moving in, Walpole ordered that a portion of the land outside his study to be converted into a terrace and garden. Letters patent issued in April 1736 state that: "... a piece of garden ground situated in his Majesty's park of St. James's, & belonging & adjoining to the house now inhabited by the Right Honorable the Chancellor of His Majesty's Exchequer, hath been lately made & fitted up at the Charge ... of the Crown".
The same document confirmed that Number 10 Downing Street was: "meant to be annexed & united to the Office of his Majesty's Treasury & to be & to remain for the Use & Habitation of the first Commissioner of his Majesty's Treasury for the time being."
A "vast, awkward house": 1735–1902
Walpole lived in Number 10 until 1742. He had accepted it as a gift from the Crown for future First Lords of the Treasury. However, it would be twenty-one years before any chose to live there; the five who succeeded Walpole preferred their own homes. This was the pattern until the beginning of the twentieth century. Of the 31 First Lords from 1735 to 1902, only 16 (including Walpole) lived in Number 10.
A few enjoyed living in Number Ten.
Lord North
, who conducted the war against the American Colonies' rebellion, lived there happily with his large family from 1767 to 1782.
William Pitt the Younger
who made it his home for twenty years — longer than any First Lord before or since — from 1783 to 1801 and from 1804 to 1806, referred to it as "My vast, awkward house." While there, Pitt reduced the national debt, formed the
Triple Alliance
against France, and won passage of the
Act of Union
that created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
Fredrick Robinson, Lord Goderich
took a special liking to the house in the late 1820s; he spent state funds lavishly remodeling the interior.
Nevertheless, for seventy years following Pitt's death in 1806, Number 10 was rarely used as the First Lord's residence. From 1834 to 1877, it was either vacant or used only for offices and meetings.
One reason many First Lords chose not to live in Number 10 was that most were peers who owned homes superior in size and quality. To them, Number 10 was unimpressive. Instead, they saw their "possession" of the house, albeit temporary, as a perk they could use as a political reward. Most lent it to the Chancellor of the Exchequer, others to lesser officials, and still others to friends or relatives.
Another reason was that Number 10 was hazardous. Prone to sinking because it was built on soft soil and a shallow foundation, floors buckled, walls and chimneys cracked; it became unsafe and frequently required repairs. In 1766, for example, Lord
Charles Townshend
, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, pointed out that the house was in a dilapidated condition. His architect's letter to the Treasury read: "... we have caused the House in Downing Street belonging to the Treasury to be surveyed, & find the Walls of the old part of the said House next the street to be much decayed, the Floors & Chimneys much sunk from the level ..." Townsend ordered extensive repairs, but they were still incomplete eight years later. A note from Lord North to the Office of Works, dated September 1774, asks that the work on the front of the house, "which was begun by a Warrant from the Treasury dated 9 August 1766", should be finished.
(See Kent's Treasury and No.
10, Downing Street, circa 1754.
Treasury officials complained that the building cost too much to maintain; some suggested that it be razed and a new house constructed on the site or elsewhere. In 1782, the Board of Works, reporting on "the dangerous state of the old part of the House", stated that "no time be lost in taking down said building ..." In 1783, the
Duke of Portland
moved out because it was once again in need of repair. A committee found that the money spent so far was insufficient. This time the Board of Works declared that "the Repairs, Alterations & Additions at the Chancellor of the Exchequer's House will amount to the sum of £5,580, exclusive of the sum for which they already have His Majesty's Warrant. And praying a Warrant for the said sum of £5,580—and also praying an Imprest of that sum to enable them to pay the Workmen." This proved to be a gross underestimate; the final bill was over £11,000. The Morning Herald fumed about the expense: "£500 pounds p.a. preceding the Great Repair, and £11,000 the Great Repair itself! So much has this extraordinary edifice cost the country For one moiety of the sum a much better dwelling might have been purchased!"
(See Plan of the Design for Number Ten c1781
Downing Street declined at the turn of the nineteenth century surrounded with run-down buildings, dark alleys, crime and prostitution. Earlier, the government had taken over the other Downing Street houses: the Colonial Office occupied Number 14 in 1798: the Foreign Office was at Number 16 and the houses on either side; the West India Department was in Number 18 and the Tithe Commissioners, Number 20. They deteriorated from neglect, became unsafe, and one by one were torn down. By 1857, Downing Street's town houses were all gone except for Number 10, Number 11 (customarily the Chancellor of the Exchequer's residence) and Number 12 (used as offices for Government Whips). In 1879, a fire destroyed the upper floors of Number 12; it was renovated but only as a single storey structure.
(See Numbers 10, 11, and 12 Downing Street First Floor Plan
and Ground Floor Plan
Revival and recognition: 1902-1960
Winston Churchill emerging from Number 10 holding up the "V" sign for "Victory"
Lord Salisbury retired in 1902, his nephew,
Arthur James Balfour
, became Prime Minister. It was an easy transition: he was already First Lord of the Treasury and Leader of the House of Commons, and he was already living in Number 10.
was the last Prime Minister who did not make Number 10 his official home. From 1877 when Disraeli moved into Number 10 the house had been — with the exception of Salisbury — occupied continuously by the Prime Minister. Salisbury reluctantly resided in Number 10 briefly from 1886 to 1887 during his first ministry, but then moved out. He lived at his home on Arlington Street in St. James's and his estate at Hatfield House while Prime Minister from 1887-1892 and 1895-1902.
Balfour revived the custom that Number 10 is the First Lord and Prime Minister's official residence. It has remained the custom since, although there have been times when Prime Ministers have unofficially lived elsewhere.
Winston Churchill
for example had a great affection for Number 10, but he grudgingly slept in the bunkered Annex of Number 10 for his safety during World War II. To reassure the people that his government was functioning normally, he insisted on being seen entering and leaving Number 10 occasionally.
Harold Wilson
, during his second ministry from 1974 to 1976, lived in his home on Lord North Street because Lady Wilson wanted "a proper home". Recognising its symbolic importance, he maintained the public illusion of living in Number 10, working there, holding meetings, and entertaining guests in the State Dining Room.
Photography and the penny press had by this time linked Number 10 in the public mind with the Premiership. The introduction of films and television would strengthen this association. Pictures of Prime Ministers with distinguished guests at the door became commonplace. With or without the Prime Minister present, visitors had their picture taken. Suffragettes posed in front of the door when they petitioned
Herbert Asquith
for women's rights in 1913, a picture that became famous and was circulated around the world. In 1931,
Mohandas Gandhi
, wearing the traditional homespun
, posed leaving Number 10 after meeting with
Ramsey MacDonald
to discuss India's independence. This picture, too, became famous especially in India. Illiterate peasants could see their leader had been received in the Prime Minister's home. Couse's elegant, understated door—stark black, framed in cream white with a bold white "10" clearly visible—was the perfect backdrop to record such events (see Section 2.1 below). Prime Ministers made historic announcements from the front step. Waving the Anglo-German Agreement of Friendship,
Neville Chamberlain
proclaimed "Peace With Honour" in 1938 from Number 10 after his meeting with Adolf Hitler in Munich. During World War II, Churchill was photographed many times emerging confidently from Number 10 holding up two fingers in the sign for "Victory". The symbol of British government, Number 10 became a gathering place for protestors.
Emily Pankhurst
and other suffragette leaders stormed Downing Street in 1908; anti-Vietnam War protestors marched there in the 1960s, as did anti-Iraq and Afghanistan War protestors in the 2000s. Number 10 became an obligatory stop in every tourist's sightseeing trip to London. Ordinary people, not only British but foreign tourists, posed smiling and laughing in front of its famous door.
Description of rooms and special features
Cameramen pose in front of Number 10's famous front door.
The front door and entrance hall
Most of the modern exterior shape and features of Number 10 were created by Kent when he combined the house at the back with the Downing Street townhouses in 1735. Its outside appearance is basically the same today as it was when he completed his work. The most important exception is the now world famous front door entrance.
Number 10's famous door is the product of the renovations Townsend ordered in 1766; it was probably not completed until 1772. Executed in the Georgian style by the architect
Kenton Couse
, it is unassuming and narrow, consisting of a single white stone step leading to a modest brick front. The small, six-panelled door, made of black oak, is surrounded by cream-coloured casing and adorned with a semicircular
window. Painted in white, between the top and middle sets of panels, is the number "10". A black iron
in the shape of a lion's head is between the two middle panels; below the knocker is a brass
letter box
with the inscription "First Lord of the Treasury". A black ironwork fence with spiked
posts runs along the front of the house and up each side of the step to the door. The fence rises above the step into a double-swirled archway, supporting an iron
gas lamp
surmounted by a crown.
(See The Entrance Door c1930: As seen from the outside
After the IRA mortar attack in 1991 (see Section 4 below), the original black oak door was replaced by a blast-proof steel one. Regularly removed for refurbishment and replaced with a replica, it is so heavy that it takes eight men to lift it. The brass letterbox still bears the legend "First Lord of the Treasury". The original door was put on display in the Churchill Museum at the Cabinet War Rooms.
Beyond the door, Couse installed black and white marble tiles in the entrance hall that are still in use and almost as famous as the door itself. A Chippendale guard's chair sits in one corner. Once used when policemen sat on watch outside in the street, it has a unique "hood" designed to protect them from the wind and cold and a drawer underneath where hot coals were placed to provide warmth. Scratches on the right arm were caused by their pistols rubbing up against the leather.
Couse also added a bow front to the small cottage—formerly Mr. Chicken's house—incorporated into Number 10 in Walpole's time.
(See The Entrance Door c1930: As seen from inside showing the black and white marble floor and the door providing access to Number 11
The main staircase
William Kent
rebuilt the interior of Number 10 between 1732 and 1734, his craftsmen created a stone triple staircase with no visible supports in the main section. With an wrought iron balustrade embellished with a scroll design and mahogany handrail, it rises from the garden floor to the third floor. Kent's staircase is the first architectural feature visitors see as they enter Number 10. Black and white engravings and photographs of all the past Prime Ministers decorate the wall; they are rearranged slightly to make room for a new picture of the most recent former Prime Minister. There are two photographs of
Sir Winston Churchill
(See The Main Stairway c1930 General view showing portraits of the Prime Ministers
and Detail of the Wrought Iron Balustrade
(See also Simon Schama's Tour of Downing Street. Pt4: The Staircase )
Prime Minister Gladstone meeting with his Cabinet in 1868 in the Cabinet Room with its distinctive pair of double columns in the background.
The Cabinet Room
In Kent's design for the enlarged Number 10, the Cabinet Room was a simple rectangular space with enormous windows. As part of the renovations begun in 1783, the Cabinet Room was extended, giving the space its modern appearance. Probably not completed until 1796, this alteration was achieved by removing the east wall and rebuilding it several feet inside the adjoining secretaries' room. At the entrance, a screen of two pairs of Corinthian columns was erected (to carry the extra span of the ceiling) supporting a moulded entablature that wraps around the room. The resulting small space, framed by the pillars, serves as an ante-room to the larger area. Hendrick Danckerts' painting "The Palace of Whitehall (shown at the beginning of this article) usually hangs in the ante-room. Robert Taylor, the architect who executed this concept, was knighted on its completion.
Although Kent intended the First Lord to use this space as his study, it has rarely served that purpose; it has almost always been the Cabinet room. Painted off-white with large floor to ceiling windows along one of the long walls, the room is light and airy. Three brass chandeliers hang from the high ceiling. The Cabinet table, purchased during the Gladstone era, dominates the room. The modern boat-shaped top, introduced by
Harold MacMillan
in the late 1950s, is supported by huge original oak legs. The table is usually surrounded by twenty-three carved, solid mahogany chairs that also date from the Gladstone era. The Prime Minister's chair, the only one with arms, is situated midway along one side in front of the marble fireplace, facing the windows; when not in use, it is positioned at an angle for easy access. The only picture in the room is a copy of a portrait of Sir
Robert Walpole
Jean-Baptiste van Loo
hanging over the fireplace. Each Cabinet member is allocated a chair based on order of seniority. Blotters inscribed with their titles mark their places. Former US President
Ronald Reagan
was the first non-Cabinet member to sit at the table during a Cabinet meeting. The Cabinet Room also acts as a library; outgoing Prime Ministers traditionally donate to the collection.
The First Lord has no designated space in Number 10; each has chosen one of the adjoining rooms as his private office.
Prime Minister Gordon Brown and U.S.
President Barack Obama in the Pillared Room, 2009.
The Pillared State Drawing Room
Number 10 has three inter-linked State Drawing rooms: the Pillared Room, the Terracotta Room and the White Drawing Room.
The largest is the Pillared Room thought to have been created in 1796 by Taylor. Measuring long by wide, it takes its name from the twin Ionic pillars with straight pediments at one end. Today, there is a portrait of Queen Elizabeth I over the fireplace; during the Thatcher Ministry (1979-1990), a portrait of William Pitt by Romney was hung there.
A Persian carpet covers almost the entire floor. A copy of a 16th century original now kept in the Victoria and Albert Museum, there is an inscription woven into it that reads: "I have no refuge in the world other than thy threshold. My head has no protection other than this porchway. The work of a slave of the holy place, Maqsud of Kashan in the year 926" (the Moslem year corresponding to 1520).
Sparsely furnished with a few chairs and sofas around the walls, the Pillared Room is usually used to receive guests before they go into the State Dining Room. However, it is sometimes used for other purposes that require a large open space. International agreements have been signed in this room.
Tony Blair
entertained the England Rugby Union team in the Pillared Room after they won the World Cup in 2003. And,
John Logie Baird
Ramsey MacDonald
a demonstration of his invention, the television, in this room.
(See The Pillared Drawing Room c1927
The Terracotta Room
The White Drawing Room
The State Dining Room
Frederick Robinson
(later Lord Goderich), became Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1823, he decided to leave a personal legacy to the nation.
To this end, he employed
Sir John Soane
, the distinguished architect who had designed the
Bank of England
and many other famous buildings, to build a State Dining Room for Number 10.
Begun in 1825 and completed in 1826 at a cost of £2,000, the result is a spacious room with oak panelling and reeded mouldings. Accessed through the first floor, its vaulted, arched ceiling rises up through the next so that it actually occupies two floors. Measuring by , it is the largest room in Number 10. First used on 4 April 1826, Soane was the guest of honour.
The room is usually furnished with a table surrounded by 20 reproduction
Adam style
chairs originally made for the British Embassy in Rio de Janeiro. For larger gatherings, a horseshoe-shaped table is brought in that will accommodate up to 65 guests. On these occasions, the table is set with the Silver Trust Silver set given to Downing Street in the 1990s. (See the State Dining room with the Silver Trust Silver in use for a luncheon ) Above the fireplace, overlooking the room, is a massive portrait by
John Shackleton
of George II, the king who originally gave the building to the First Lord of the Treasury in 1732. Celebrity chefs such as Nigella Lawson have cooked for Prime Ministers' guests using the small kitchen next door. Entering through the Small Dining Room, Blair used this room for his monthly press conferences.
(See Simon Schama's Tour of Downing Street.
Pt 3: The Dining Room
See also The State Dining Room c1930: View toward the entrance
and View from the entrance
The Great Kitchen
The great kitchen located in the basement was another part of the renovations begun in 1783, probably also under the direction of
Robert Taylor
. Seldom seen by anyone other than staff, the space is two storeys high with a huge arched window and vaulted ceiling. Traditionally, it has always had a chopping block work table in the centre that is long, wide and thick.
(See The Kitchen c1930 View showing the table, window and ceiling
The Small Dining or Breakfast Room
Above Taylor's vaulted kitchen, between the Pillared Room and the State Dining room, Soane created a Smaller Dining Room (sometimes called the Breakfast Room) that still exists. To build it, Soane removed the chimney from the kitchen to put a door in the room. He then moved the chimney to the east side, running a Y-shaped split flue inside the walls up either side of one of the windows above. The room therefore has a unique architectural feature: over the fireplace there is a window instead of the usual
chimney breast
During the 1990s, Prime Minister Thatcher used this room as a gallery for British scientists. There was a bust of Sir Isaac Newton on the window sill above the fireplace and on the walls portraits of Joseph Priestley, Humphrey Davy and Edmund Halley.
Then Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin (seated in the centre with his legs crossed) poses in the garden with representatives to the Imperial Conference - 1923.
The terrace and garden have provided a casual setting for many gatherings like this.
With its flat unadorned ceiling, simple mouldings and deep window seats, the Small Dining Room is intimate and comfortable. Usually furnished with a mahogany table seating only eight, Prime Ministers have often used this room when dining with family or when entertaining special guests on more personal state occasions.
(See the Small Dining or Breakfast Room c1927.
The double doors behind the table lead to the State Dining Room.
The Terrace and Garden
The terrace and garden were constructed in 1736 shortly after Walpole moved into Number 10. The terrace, extending across the back, provides a full view of St James's Park. The garden is dominated by an open half acre lawn that wraps around Numbers 10 and 11 in an L-shape. No longer "fitted with variety Walle fruit and diverse fruit trees" as it was in the 17th century, there is now a centrally located flower bed around a holly tree surrounded by seats. Tubs of flowers line the steps from the terrace; around the walls are rose beds with flowering and evergreen shrubs. (See North elevation of Number Ten with steps leading to the garden
) The terrace and garden have provided a casual setting for many gatherings of First Lords with foreign dignitaries, Cabinet ministers, guests, and staff. Prime Minister Tony Blair, for example, hosted a farewell reception in 2007 for his staff on the terrace. John Major announced his 1995 resignation as leader of the Conservative Party in the 'rose garden'. Churchill called his secretaries the "garden girls" because their offices overlook the garden.
Furnishings and decorations
Rebuilding Number 10: 1960–1990
By the middle of the 20th century, Number 10 was falling apart again. The deterioration had been obvious for some time. The number of people allowed in the upper floors was limited for fear the bearing walls would collapse. The staircase had sunk several inches; some steps were buckled and the balustrade was out of alignment. An investigation ordered by Prime Minister
Harold Macmillan
in 1958 concluded that there was widespread dry rot. The interior wood in the Cabinet Room's double columns was like sawdust. Baseboards, doors, sills and other woodwork were riddled and weakened with disease. After reconstruction had begun, miners dug down into the foundations and found that the huge wooden beams supporting the house had decayed.
There was some discussion of tearing down the building and constructing entirely new residence. But the Prime Minister's home had become an icon of British architecture like Windsor Castle, Buckingham Palace and the Houses of Parliament. Instead, it was decided that Number 10 (and Numbers 11 and 12) would be rebuilt using as much of the original materials as possible. The interior would be photographed, measured, disassembled, and restored. A new foundation with deep pilings would be laid and the original buildings reassembled on top of it, allowing for much needed expansion and modernisation. Any original materials that were beyond repair — such as the pair of double columns in the Cabinet Room — would be replicated in detail. This was a formidable undertaking: the three buildings contained over 200 rooms spread out over five floors. The architect
Raymond Erith
carried out this painstaking work.
The Times reported that initially the cost for the project would be £400,000. After more careful studies were completed, it was concluded that the "total cost was likely to be £1,250,000" and would take two years to complete. In the end, the cost was close to £3,000,000 and took almost three years due in large part to 14 labour strikes. There were also delays when archaeological excavations uncovered important artifacts dating from Roman, Saxon and mediaeval times. Macmillan lived in Admiralty House during the reconstruction.
The new foundation was made of steel-reinforced concrete with pilings sunk to . The "new" Number 10 consisted of about 60% new materials; the remaining 40% was either restored or replicas of originals. The garden floor — including the door and entrance foyer, the stairway, the hallway to the Cabinet Room, the Cabinet Room, the garden and terrace, the Small and Large State Rooms and the three reception rooms — was reconstructed exactly as in the old Number 10. The staircase was rebuilt and simplified. Steel girders were hidden inside the columns in the Pillared Drawing Room to support the floor above. The upper floors were modernised and the 3rd floor extended over Numbers 11 and 12 to allow more living space. As many as 40 coats of paint were stripped from the elaborate cornices in the main rooms revealing details unseen for almost 200 years in some cases. When builders examined the exterior façade, they discovered that the black colour visible even in photographs from the mid-nineteenth century was misleading; the bricks were actually
. The black appearance was the product of two centuries of pollution. To preserve the 'traditional' look of recent times, the newly cleaned yellow bricks were painted black to resemble their well-known appearance.
Although the reconstruction was generally considered an architectural triumph, Erith was disappointed. He complained openly during and after the project that the government had altered his design to save money. "I am heart broken," he said, "by the result ... the whole project has been a frightful waste of money because it just has not been done properly. The Ministry of Works has insisted on economy after economy. I am bitterly disappointed with what has happened." Erith's concerns proved justified. Within a few years, dry rot was discovered, especially in the main rooms due to inadequate water-proofing and a broken water pipe. Extensive reconstruction again had to be undertaken to resolve these problems.
In the late 1980s, Margaret Thatcher commissioned
Quinlan Terry
, Erith's partner, to redecorate the main rooms to celebrate Britain's past glory and her renewed status after the Falklands War. Among other details, Terry restored the fireplace in the Pillared Drawing Room. Executed in the Kentian style, the small Ionic pillars in the overmantle are miniature duplicates of the large ones in the room. He also added ornate Baroque-style central ceiling mouldings and corner moldings of the four national flowers of the United Kingdom: rose (England), thistle (Scotland), daffodil (Wales) and shamrock (Northern Ireland).
Security at Number 10 after the 1991 bombing
For most of its history, Downing Street was accessible to the public. There was some security at Number 10 but it was minimal: a police officer standing guard. The front door has no keyhole on the outside. A second officer is on duty in the entrance hall to open it for the Prime Minister.
After the 1991 bombing, security at Number 10 was enhanced including retractable electronic barriers barring access; visitors can only view the Prime Minister's residence from a distance.
Gates were installed at both ends of the street during the premiership of
Margaret Thatcher
due to terrorist threats.
On 7 February 1991, the
Provisional IRA
used a van they parked in
to launch a
mortar shell
at Number 10.
It exploded in the back garden, while Prime Minister
John Major
was holding a Cabinet meeting.
Major moved to
Admiralty House
while repairs were completed.
Because of this actual attack, heavier security measures were imposed, if not always visible. A guardhouse stands at the gated entrance accommodating several uniformed heavily armed police.
The Metropolitan Police Service's DPG (
Diplomatic Protection Group
) provides protection for ministers in London, acting on intelligence from
Number 10's 250th anniversary: 1985
Number 10 became 250 years old in 1985. To celebrate, Prime Minister
Margaret Thatcher
hosted a grand dinner at Number 10 in the State Dining Room for her living predecessors—
Harold Macmillan
Alec Douglas-Home
Harold Wilson
Edward Heath
, and
James Callaghan
—and Queen Elizabeth II. Also in attendance were representatives of the families of every 20th century Prime Minister since Asquith, including Olwen Carey Evans (daughter of Lloyd George), Lorna Howard (daughter of Stanley Baldwin), and
Clarissa Avon
(widow of
Anthony Eden
The same year, the Leisure Circle published Christopher Jones' book
10 Downing Street, The Story of a House
. The foreword is a letter from Thatcher in which she summarises the feelings that she and many other British people have toward Number 10: "How much I wish that the public ... could share with me the feeling of Britain's historic greatness which pervades every nook and cranny of this complicated and meandering old building ... All Prime Ministers are intensely aware that, as tenants and stewards of No. 10 Downing Street, they have in their charge one of the most precious jewels in the nation's heritage."
The Prime Minister's Office
The Prime Minister's office, for which the terms
Downing Street
Number 10
are synonymous, lies within 10 Downing Street and is headed by a Chief of Staff and staffed by a mix of career
civil servants
special advisers
. It provides the Prime Minister with support and advice on policy, communications with parliament, government departments and public/media relations.
Pre-2001 organisation
10 Private Office
(government and parliamentary relations);
10 Press Office
(press relations) – The press office has grown in significance as media attention on the PM has intensified. Thatcher's press officer
Bernard Ingham
was one of her most important advisors.
Alastair Campbell
's influence as Blair's press officer was even greater;
10 Policy Unit
(advice on policy and aims);
The No. 10 Political Office (liaised with the PM's party and constituency);
The No. 10 Appointments Office.
The office was reorganised in 2001 into 3 directories:
Policy and government
Took over the functions of the Private office and policy unit. Prepares advice for the PM and coordinates development and implementation of policy across departments
Communication and strategy, contains 3 units:
Press office: responsible for relations with the media
Strategic communications unit
Research and information unit: provides factual information to No. 10
Government and political relations: Handles party/public relations
Changes were intended to strengthen the PM's office. However, some commentators have suggested that Blair's reforms have created something similar to a 'Prime Ministers' department.
The Times
political correspondent
Peter Riddell
discussed the consequences of the reform in an article entitled "New look behind the revolving doors of power" (13 June 2001, p. 12) in which he observed "Mr Blair has not formally set up a Prime Minister's Department, in order to avoid charges of presidentialism, but he has created one in all but name in 10 Downing Street".
The reorganisation brought about the fusion of the Prime Minister's Office and the
Cabinet Office
—a number of units within the
Cabinet Office
are directly responsible to the Prime Minister.
See also
Residents of Number 10 Downing Street
– the Prime Minister's official country residence
Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office
– a cat employed as a
at 10 Downing Street
10 Downing Street Guard Chairs
Official residence
Jones, in letter from Margaret Thatcher used as a preface to the book.
Bolitho, pages 16-21.
Jones, pages 24-32.
Feely, pages 17-31.
Minney, p. 28.
Feely, pages 28-31.
Jones, p. 41.
Bolitho, p. 20.
Minney, p. 34.
Jones, see back cover picture credited to Robert Hill @ BBC.
Minney, p. 23.
Jones, pages 16-18.
Minney, pages 23-24.
Minney, p. 24.
Minney, pages 24-25.
Jones, pages 20-21.
Jones, p. 21.
British History Online, From: 'No. 10, Downing Street', Survey of London: volume 14: St Margaret, Westminster, part III: Whitehall II (1931), pp. 113-141. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=67934. Date accessed: 22 July 2008.
records a high tide when Whitehall was under water and buildings in the area require deep foundations to avoid settling.
Minney, p. 25.
Jones, p. 23.
Minney, p. 33.
See letter, dated, "Downing Street, 30 June 1742," from Horace Walpole to Sir Horace Mann: "I am writing to you in one of the charming rooms towards the Park: it is a delightful evening, and I am willing to enjoy this sweet corner while I may, for we are soon to quit it. Mrs. Sandys came yesterday to give us warning; Lord Wilmington has lent it to them.
Sir Robert might have had it for his own at first: but would only take it as First Lord of the Treasury.
He goes into a small house of his own in Arlington Street, opposite to where we formerly lived." (Horace Walpole's Letters, ed. Cunningham, 1857, I, p. 246.) British History Online, From: 'No. 10, Downing Street', Survey of London: volume 14: St Margaret, Westminster, part III: Whitehall II (1931), pp. 113-141. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=67934. Date accessed: 21 July 2008.
Feely, p. 34.
Bolitho, p. 25.
Minney, p. 50.
Jones, p. 46.
Miney, p. 47.
Seldon, p. 16.
Minney, pages 46-47.
Minney, p. 117.
Minney, pages 182-183.
Minney, p 29.
Jones, p. 52. Henry Pelham, for example, had his own spacious home and had no need for Number 10. In what one historian called a piece of "blatant political corruption", he allowed his son-in-law,
Henry Clinton
, Earl of Lincoln, to live there from 1745 to 1753 even though Clinton was not involved in politics.
Minney, pages 173 and 179.
Lord Liverpool
assigned it to his two Chancellors of the Exchequer,
Nicholas Vansittart
(1812–1823) and
Frederick Robinson
British History Online, Letter (B.M. Addl. MS. 38292, f. 11) from Lord Liverpool to Charles Ellis, dated 22 January, 1823, is of interest. "When you spoke to me some time ago upon the subject of the House in Downing Street, I was under the impression, as you were yourself, that the house was the King's & that he might dispose of it in any manner he might think proper.
Upon Inquiry, however, it appeared that the House was attached to the Treasury as a Part of the Office. That the First Lord of the Treasury occupies it if he thinks proper. If he declines it, the Chancellor of the Exchequer occupies it, not as Chancellor of the Exchequer, but as second in the Commission of the Treasury. That if he declined it, it would go to the next in the Commission, or it might possibly be disposed of by the Board to any Member or Officer of the Treasury; but could not, & never has been detached from it. You are mistaken in supposing that Mr. Vansittart is the only Chancellor of the Exchequer who, without being first Lord of the Treasury, occupied it.
Lord North certainly occupied it during the two years he was Chancellor of the Exchequer only. I believe Mr. Charles Townshend occupied it, but I know Mr. Dowdeswell did, & it is remarkable that he is, I believe, the only instance of a Chancellor of the Exchequer upon Record who was not in the Cabinet. The House stands in fact upon the same footing as the Houses of the Admiralty, which could not be assigned to any Person not belonging to that office."
Bolitho, p. 116. A few peers lived in Number 10 out of necessity. The Duke of Wellington, for example, grudgingly lived there for eighteen months between 1828 and 1830 because his own home, Apsley House, was undergoing extensive renovations. He left as soon as it was finished.
At the end of the nineteenth century,
Lord Salisbury
lived in his house on Arlington Street and the Cecil estate
Hatfield House
. During his last ministry from 1895 to 1902,
Arthur Balfour
, his nephew lived in Number 10. Minney, p. 322.
Minney, pages 83-84.
Jones, p. 71.
Jones, p. 72.
British History Online, From: 'Plate 111: No. 10, Downing Street: plan of alterations in 1781', Survey of London: volume 14: St Margaret, Westminster, part III: Whitehall II (1931), pp. 111. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=68051. Date accessed: 22 July 2008.
Seldon, p. 23
Jones, p. 96.
Minney, p. 409
Jones, p. 156
Minney, p. 393
Minney, p.402
Minney, pages 333-334
Minney, p. 84.
British History Online: From: 'Plate 118: No. 10, Downing Street: main doorway and kitchen', Survey of London: volume 14: St Margaret, Westminster, part III: Whitehall II (1931), pp. 118. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=68058. Date accessed: 20 July 2008.
British History Online, From: 'Plate 126: No. 10, Downing Street: entrance hall and drawing room', Survey of London: volume 14: St Margaret, Westminster, part III: Whitehall II (1931), pp. 126. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=68066. Date accessed: 22 July 2008.
Seldon, p. 49.
Feely, p. 13.
British History Online, From: 'Plate 124: No. 10, Downing Street: details', Survey of London: volume 14: St Margaret, Westminster, part III: Whitehall II (1931), pp. 124. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=68064. Date accessed: 20 July 2008.
British History Online, From: 'Plate 125: No. 10, Downing Street: detail of iron balustrading to main staircase', Survey of London: volume 14: St Margaret, Westminster, part III: Whitehall II (1931), pp. 125. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=68065. Date accessed: 20 July 2008.
Seldon, p.18.
Seldon, p. 43.
Minney, pages 117-118.
(See Simon Schama's Tour of Downing Street. Pt2: The Cabinet Room
See also The Modern Cabinet Room: Two photographs taken by Prime Minister
Stanley Baldwin
, c1927 View looking toward the screen
and View from the Screen
British History Online, From: 'Plate 121: No. 10, Downing Street: Cabinet Room', Survey of London: volume 14: St Margaret, Westminster, part III: Whitehall II (1931), pp. 121. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=68061. Date accessed: 20 July 2008.
There have been a few exceptions. Stanley Baldwin used the Cabinet Room as his office. A few Prime Ministers, such as Tony Blair, occasionally worked at the Cabinet Room table
Jones, p. 161.
Jones, p 179.
Jones, p. 129
Seldon, p.55
Seldon, p. 25.
British History Online, From: 'Plate 126: No. 10, Downing Street: entrance hall and drawing room', Survey of London: volume 14: St Margaret, Westminster, part III: Whitehall II (1931), pp. 126. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=68066. Date accessed: 9 August 2008.
Jones, p 180.
Seldon, p. 59.
Minney, p. 182.
Jones, p. 89 and see also Soane's sketches of several versions of the State Dining Room on p. 84.
British History Online, From: 'Plate 130: No. 10, Downing Street: Official Dining Room', Survey of London: volume 14: St Margaret, Westminster, part III: Whitehall II (1931), pp. 130. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=68070. Date accessed: 21 July 2008.
British History Online, From: 'Plate 131: No. 10, Downing Street: Official Dining Room', Survey of London: volume 14: St Margaret, Westminster, part III: Whitehall II (1931), pp. 131. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=68071. Date accessed: 21 July 2008.
Jones, p. 179.
Seldon, p. 20.
British History Online, From: 'Plate 129: No. 10, Downing Street: breakfast room and smaller drawing room', Survey of London: volume 14: St Margaret, Westminster, part III: Whitehall II (1931), pp. 129. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=68069. Date accessed: 9 August 2008.
Jones, p. 180.
Seldon, p.46
British History Online, From: 'Plate 117: No. 10, Downing Street: elevation and general view', Survey of London: volume 14: St Margaret, Westminster, part III: Whitehall II (1931), pp. 117. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=68057. Date accessed: 21 July 2008.
Jones, p 138.
Minney, p. 428
Jones, pages 153-154
Seldon, p. 32.,
Minney, 429-430
London Times,
Downing Street Reconstruction to Cost £1,250,000
, December 1959
Seldon, p. 32.
Jones, p. 154
Seldon, p. 33.
Jones, pages 154–155
Minney, pages 429–433
Seldon, p. 34.
Seldon, pages 35-37.
Time Magazine,
by Ellie McGrath, 16 December 1985
Seldon, p. 90.
External links
Official website
Prime Ministers in History
History of the building
Virtual Tour of 10 Downing Street
10 Downing Street
section from the
Survey of London
Plans of 10, 11 and 12 Downing Street (published 1931):
second and third
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text:
Lowongan Kerja PT Asuransi Tugu Cabang Medan
Sejak Tahun 2014, Ujian CPNS dilaksanakan secara online dengan sistem Computer Assisted Test (CAT).
Apakah Anda sudah mengenal ujian dengan sistem CAT..?
Pelajari Info lengkapnya ...
Klik Disini >>
PT Tugu Pratama Indonesia – TPI is a reputable financial services company in Indonesia with strong business focus on general insurance industry. Asuransi Tugu concentrates its business activities on loss insurance services related to oil and gas industry as well as marine hull. The Company also provides a full range of insurance products which include health insurance, credit insurance, aviation insurance, credit insurance, fire insurance, transportation and salvage insurance. PT Tugu Pratama Indonesia is a member of PT Pertamina (Persero) or Pertamina Group, the national oil company of Indonesia. Pertamina Group holds 65% ownership of Asuransi Tugu's shares. In line with its continued expansion program, PT Tugu Pratama Indonesia invites potential candidates who meet the following requirements to fill the positions of
PT Tugu Pratama Indonesia are looking for best qualified candidates for positions below :
- Marketing Staff – Medan Branch Office (MKTS – MDN)
Requirements :
- Minimum requirement of Bachelor Degree (S1) from reputable university.
- Have a GPA score min 3.0 (scale 4.0).
- The candidate with prior experience minimum of 2 years in general insurance company as a marketing is preferred.
- Fresh graduate are welcome to apply.
- Male or Female, not older than 27 years of age on 1 April 2016.
- Have excellent health.
- Strong knowledge of general insurance business industry.
- English literacy, spoken and written.
- Possess professional insurance degree (AAAIK or AAIK) will be an extra advantage.
- Excellent as a team worker and in partnership with other organizations.
- Fast learner and strong sense of analytical thinking.
- Strong interpersonal skill.
- Proficient knowledge in computer or Information System is an advantage.
- Have excellent skill in operating Microsoft Office and internet applications.
- Willing to be placed in North Sumatera (Medan Branch Office).
- Local resident and living in same city as work location (Medan) or North Sumatera province is an advantage.
How to apply
To those who qualified, please do not hesitate to apply. Please send your application letter with comprehensive resume, and a recent photograph before 16 April 2016 to:
- All application will be handled in strictly confidential.
- Please indicate the position code on the left side of the envelope or your email subject.
- Only candidates that meet the above qualification will be shortlisted.
- Source

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Tiffini and Dan Destination Wedding
Tiffini and Dan were married on April 16th in an amazing destination wedding at Now Jade Resort in Riviera Cancun, Mexico. I was lucky enough to be the wedding photographer for not only their destination wedding in Mexico, but also their second wedding reception for friends and family back here in Wisconsin at the Skyline Golf Course in Black River Falls. I consider it both an honor and a privilege to photograph these amazing events for this great couple.
Now Jade Resort Destination Wedding in Mexico
The wonderful thing about destination weddings is the fact that you can get married in paradise, surrounded by gorgeous landscapes and magnificent vistas. The same was true for Tiffini and Dan's destination wedding at the Now Jade Resort in Riviera Cancun. The day was gorgeous with a light breeze off the Gulf of Mexico and the tropical sun was shining brightly.
On the day of the wedding, Tiffini had her hair and makeup done at the salon right on site at the resort. Her up-do was absolutely beautiful. Meanwhile, Dan was spending time with the groomsmen that morning. The previous evening, Dan and the groomsmen had a gift-opening ceremony. He had gifted each of the gentlemen a handsome watch, socks, and matching ties.
Getting ready for the day with the bridesmaids was a special time for Tiffini. She was so happy to be surrounded by these important women in her life who had travelled so far to be a part of her special day. Her stepmother, Tina, helped her get into her stunning wedding gown.
Dan and Tiffini did a first look out on the beach in a secluded area with an awe-inspiring view of the coastline. Tiffini came up behind Dan and when he turned to see his beautiful bride, his whole face lit up. The first look allowed them to spend some quiet time alone together, just enjoying the spectacular scenery and preparing for the day to come.
After some wedding portraits, we went back to the lobby to cool off. The lobby of the Now Jade was simple in its elegance and made a great backdrop for family portraits. After portaits were done, we had a pre- ceremony cocktail hour featuring the bride and groom's signature cocktail: Mini Beer Shots! A Mini Beer is just that- a shot that looks like a miniature beer. It's made with Licor 43, a smooth Spanish liqueur comprised of 43 secret ingredients. Then, it's finished with a dash of cream to add the foamy head. It was such a fun choice for their party! Read more


text:
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
The diagnosis can be overwhelming and terrifying. After you have processed those three words, questions begin to fly from your mouth:
"How did this happen? Why did this happen? Now what do I do?"
The cause of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is not really known. Researchers believe that this condition could be triggered by environmental issues such as a virus; an immune system that is overactive, causing it to attack joint tissues; and even having certain genes which can make the immune system more likely to attack joint tissues. It affects approximately 50,000 children in the United States.(1)
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is an autoimmune disorder. Our immune system manufactures white blood cells, which circulate through our body seeking out foreign substances or "invaders." These white blood cells then attack the invaders and help to prevent us from getting sick. In JRA, "The immune system, which is supposed to protect the body from these harmful invaders, instead releases chemicals that can damage healthy tissue and cause inflammation and pain."(1)
The child with JRA may complain of joint pain, joint swelling, joint stiffness, difficulty sleeping, and problems walking. Very young children may revert to crawling instead of walking in order to reduce their pain level.
Once your child has been evaluated by a pediatric rheumatologist and their diagnosis has been confirmed, the physician will develop a treatment plan which may include medication and physical therapy.
It is important for your child to continue moving about. Proper range of motion exercises can help to keep the joints from becoming stiff or deformed. Your physician will also request that your child undergo an ophthalmology evaluation as JRA can cause a condition known as uveitis, an inflammation of the eye which can lead to problems with vision later on if not treated. Some simple treatments at home to reduce pain can include the use of warm baths, dipping the hands in warm paraffin wax, and even burying their legs in the warm sand during the summer months. Children also benefit from swimming as it stretches many different muscles and tendons, allowing the child to remain in motion and flexible.
I remember when we first received the diagnosis for my granddaughter, and I remember how terrified both my daughter and I were. With the help of a wonderful pediatric rheumatologist, his staff, and the people at the Arthritis Foundation, we were able to get past the dreaded three words and move forward to helping her. It has been five years since Cheyanne was diagnosed (she is now 8) and there is nothing that can stop her from doing whatever she wants to do!
There are many books and pamphlets available providing helpful insight into JRA which can be purchased at many bookstores and through the Arthritis foundation. A few include:
Keeping Secrets, a Child with Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (in bookstores)
It's Not Just Growing Pains by HSS pediatric rheumatologist Thomas J. Lehman, MD (in bookstores)
Raising a Child with Arthritis (available through Arthritis Foundation)
"Kids Get Arthritis Too" Newsletter (available through Arthritis Foundation)
KidsHealth: Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (This website is geared toward the child, providing information that is easy for the child to read and comprehend)
Arthritis Foundation: Kids Get Arthritis Too (Arthritis.org has a link to JA Alliance which is geared toward children and provides information regarding educational materials as well as financial information. To find your local chapter, please see the Arthritis Foundation website at arthritis.org. This site contains links to local support groups, information regarding summer camps available to our children, the yearly arthritis walk, advocacy programs and the Juvenile Arthritis Awareness Week, which is in March.)
1. Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis. (2008, June). Retrieved February 24, 2010, from KidsHealth: http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/arthritis/jra.html
Posted: 5/24/2010


text:
Global Mining
If you want to learn how to think about investing, and how to choose companies/ commodities to invest in, no matter where you start, we recommend this book.
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Former Chairman Joe Donde
Siaya Public Service Board
WELCOME TO THE SIAYA COUNTY PUBLIC SERVICE BOARD Home PAGE
The primary role of our County Public Service Board is to provide the County with human resource that is capable of efficient and cost effective service delivery. We continue to believe that our actions in the response to the needs of the County must be effective and timely, while accepting that management excellence is also essential for successful implementation of our mission and goals.
The Siaya Public Service Board was established under Section 57 of the County Government's Act ,No.17 of 2012 as a body corporate with perpetual succession and a seal , capable of suing and being sued in its own name. Section 58 of the County Government's Act provides for the composition of the Board.
The mandate of the County Public Service Board is set out in articles 10 and 232 of the Constitution of Kenya 2010
Commitment to excellent public service delivery in Siaya County
To provide quality and cost effective service delivery in partnership with stakeholders in Siaya County
Commitment to quality service - The Board shall ensure that it has the capacity and skills to offer timely and cost effective service delivery that meets the aspiration of the County public service as expected in the National and International values and principles on Governance.
Professionalism - The Board shall undertake its duties without compromising the values and standards.
Transparency & Accountability - The Board shall uphold openness and take responsibility in the discharge of its mandate.
Meritocracy - The Board shall ensure capability and talent alongside other qualifications in recruiting, appraising and retaining public servants in the County through evidence based approach.
Integrity - The Board shall adhere to acceptable and beyond reproach professional and personal standards in the conduct of its affairs.
Creativity - The Board shall continuously seek and apply new ideas, methods and technology in the discharge of its duties.
Team work - The Board shall maintain a reasonable degree of cohesiveness, cooperation and team spirit through documenting and sharing best practices both internally and externally.
Download Application for Employment Form Here
"Siaya County Public Service Board is an Equal Opportunity Employer"


text:
Social Media Metrics: What, So What, Now What?
At the DigitalEYE Media event on Thursday, March 31st, we were fortunate to have Kip Knight give a presentation on the basics of social media marketing. Kip is the former Vice President of Marketing at eBay US, Chief Marketing Officer at Taco Bell, and Brand Management as various positions at Procter & Gamble, among others. Kip discussed how small businesses can successfully market their brands on the various social media platforms with a small budget. It was a fun and informative night and the event was sold out. Check out some pictures from the event:


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Frerejean Frères Cuvée des Hussards 2007
Cuvée des Hussards is aged for 8 years on the lees before undergoing a late disgorgement. Made from 100% Chardonnay from old vines of Premier Cru of the Côte des Blancs, it is an exceptional vintage. On the palate, this Champagne is powerfull and well supported by a creamy and delicate foam. It has scents of white and yellow candied fruits with a note of saffron spice.


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EMILY's List is backing Mary Barzee Flores in what is expected to be a heated race to replace Miami U.S. Rep. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, who's quitting Congress after nearly three decades.
Flores, a onetime public defender and former Miami-Dade circuit judge, will face off in the Democratic primary against (among others) state Sen. Jose Javier Rodriguez, who's also a lawyer and who flipped a GOP seat last year after emerging victorious in a vicious contest with incumbent Miguel Diaz de la Portilla (another lawyer).
The backing of Emily's List not only aids Flores in the fundraising arena, but could also give her a leg up with women voters, who may be more voted to support female candidates amid the national uprising about sexual harassment in the boardroom, in statehouses, in Congress, and, of course, in Hollywood.
The EMILY's List press release, issued this morning:
"Mary Barzee Flores has built a reputation as a dogged public defender and empathetic judge in the same community she was born and where she and her husband are raising their family. Now EMILY's List is proud to endorse her as she seeks to bring her incredible work ethic and passion for her hometown to the halls of Congress," EMILY's List President Stephanie Schriock said in the release.
"This open seat represents an opportunity for Floridians to send a message to Washington. Working families need a representative who will fight to protect basic women's health care services, defend against the rolling back of environmental protections, and push to reform our broken immigration system. Mary is ready for the job, and we look forward to supporting her every step of the way."
Mary stepped up to run and to fight for the working families of Miami-Dade County after the 2016 election inspired her to be the candidate she knew her community needed. She is running for the open seat currently held by retiring incumbent Republican Congresswoman Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, who has represented this district since 1990 — a time during which South Florida has undergone dramatic changes. Mary is an outstanding leader running a strong grassroots campaign, and she has what it takes to flip this must-win seat.


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These are chat archives for nightscout/intend-to-bolus
openaps installed
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/bin/openaps", line 6, in <module>
exec(compile(open(__file__).read(), __file__, 'exec'))
IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/root/src/openaps/bin/openaps'
root@benaps:~# pwd
Requirement already up-to-date: openaps in /home/.rootfs/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages
monitor/glucose.json your latest bgl from NS?
This us what I am seeing in the log: Starting pump-loop at Sat Sep 9 12:01:02 EDT 2017:
Waiting up to 4 minutes for new BG: date: invalid date '@'
glucose.json newer than pump_loop_completed
Radio ok. Listening: .No pump comms detected from other rigs
Old pumphistory: git.exc.InvalidGitRepositoryError: /root/myopenaps
Error, retrying
pump_loop_completed more than 15m old; waiting for 30s silence before mmtuning
Radio ok. Listening: .No pump comms detected from other rigs
Listening for 30s silence before mmtuning: .No pump comms detected from other rigs
mmtune: git.exc.InvalidGitRepositoryError: /root/myopenaps
Usage: grep [OPTION]... PATTERN [FILE]...
Try 'grep --help' for more information.
Usage: grep [OPTION]... PATTERN [FILE]...
Try 'grep --help' for more information.
rm -rf /root/myopenaps/.git is the command to remove a corrupted git repo for your loop. However, the problem looks like your git directory never got initialized. So I would remove your myopenaps directory entirely and start with a fresh setup script.
cd && rm -rf myopenaps && ~/src/oref0/bin/oref0-setup.sh
ifup wlan0and see what message you get back in those situations? I'm seeing a couple people get a new error message that is preventing the wifi network connections and I have no idea yet where that error is starting from. But, it has a response back to
ifup wlan0 that I've started an issue for and hopefully we can get some traction on figuring out this weird thing. It's totally possible that your issue isn't the same…but I'm just throwing it out there as a possibility. openaps/oref0#648


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Why do we need Health Care Advocates?
With the many changes taking place in the health care industry, such as the mandate to purchase insurance, privacy issues, and technological advances in care options, the system has become more complex and can be difficult for patients and their caregivers to navigate. This has created a growing demand for professionals with the knowledge and skills to support patients, advocate on their behalf, and help them navigate the health care environment. With the appropriate education in Health Care Advocacy and Navigation, health care professionals have a perfect opportunity to enhance their careers.
What is health care advocacy?
Health care advocacy (also known as patient advocacy) is considered one of the essential components to patient-centered health care. Health care advocates are knowledgeable about the health care system and patient rights. They have excellent communication skills and seek to partner with the health care team. They provide on-going support for patients to help educate them on the available resources and paths to better care, and can operate at various levels within the health care spectrum including:
- Institutional - Health Care advocates at this level work within a hospital or other institution to assist patients who are receiving care or treatment. Because they are employed by the hospital, these advocates come at no cost to patients and handle any questions, complaints, and grievances they may have with the hospital, staff and/or their treatment. A primary focus is to ensure the patient understands their treatment and discharge instructions for the best outcome and thereby reduce instances of re-admittance.
- Non-Profit - Non-profit health care advocates work for organizations at the federal, state, city, and community levels. Like institutional advocates, their services come free of charge to the patient. In addition, many non-profit advocacy organizations are specialized, working with people receiving treatment for a specific disease or illness, such as cancer or heart disease.
- For-Profit - Typically found in programs such as an employee assistance program, for-profit health care advocates work for an advocacy company and are usually contracted by the workplace. There is no charge to employees and services vary, with most services provided over the phone, and most recently, online. These third-party groups have fewer conflicts of interest when advocating for employees.
- Independent - Patients and their family members can hire private-pay health care advocates to further assist with health care related issues. Independent advocates often have extensive backgrounds in the health care field and transition into this area for private practice. They work very closely with the patient and/or their families to assist with their needs concerning their health care.
No matter which sphere the patient advocate operates in, the primary focus is to understand the patient's needs and provide the information necessary for the patient to help him/her make the best decisions regarding their health and health care. This leads to increased patient satisfaction, better outcomes, and lower health care costs.
Ten Skill Sets of Health Care Advocates
Today, whether it's the nurse, social worker, patient liaison, or service excellence coordinator, advocates round out the complete care package to help patients receive the best care realistically possible. Below are 10 skill sets that help health care advocates provide services to their patients.
- Communicating
Health Care advocates educate patients and their families by interfacing with providers and payers to ensure patients understand their diagnoses, prognoses, treatment options, and post treatment instructions.
- Promoting Patient Safety, Empowerment, and Rights
Advocates educate patients about their rights within the health care system, safety, procedures and treatments, discharge instructions, costs, and insurance coverage. Health care advocates are tasked with presenting this information in a transparent and meaningful way to help the patient fully understand their choices. This responsibility is a key component of being an advocate.
- A working knowledge of Medical Terminology and the Health Care System
Understanding the complex nature of health care requires attention to detail and an excellent grasp of medical terminology. Appropriate and thorough notation and documentation of issues expressed by patients regarding their care is essential. Fully understanding a patient's preferences and goals and being able to communicate them to providers is also important.
- Understanding how Health Care is Financed
A key responsibility of a health care advocate is helping patients navigate the stressful financial aspects of healthcare. This includes educating patients on reimbursement, billing, and financing options. Advocates also have extensive knowledge of insurance plans and their coverage options and limitations.
- Resolution and Follow Up
Through active listening, health care advocates find solutions to patient concerns and bring issues to the attention of providers and payers. This is especially important for patients with chronic health conditions or complex medical needs where care may need to be coordinated among multiple providers. Advocates work closely with both the patient and providers to ensure the patient continues to receive the best care and outcomes realistically possible.
- Professionalism in Maintaining and Ensuring Patient Confidence
Patient advocates understand the legal and ethical issues surrounding private health information. They operate at a high level of discretion regarding patient and family information, complaints, issues, and regulatory compliance. It is very important that health care advocates are trustworthy and have high ethical standards so they are trusted liaisons among patients, caregivers, and health care professionals, which leads to better and safer care.
- Being Proactive
Alerting hospital administrators about potential legal issues regarding unresolved complaints is one way health care advocates are proactive in the organizational environment. Health care advocates may also work as patient care coordinators ensuring all providers are informed about treatments, tests, and medications. In some instances, they may be able to review the patient's health records for accuracy and take necessary action to resolve any issues and quickly address patient concerns.
- Improving Systems and Policy
A hospital advocate works to decrease risk to the hospital by ensuring that patients' complaints and grievances are reported and acted upon in a timely manner - and that the hospital takes steps to prevent reoccurrence in the future. Patient advocates who enter into a policy career may also help to develop policies to improve systems, reduce overall health care costs and positively affect patient safety and outcomes.
- Relationship Building
Health care advocates may have clinical or administrative backgrounds in the health care system (e.g. former case managers, doctors, nurses) and can use their experiences to help patients navigate the bureaucracy of this complex environment. The patient advocate works to create trusting relationships between patients and providers which helps to reduce anxiety and fear and improve outcomes. They are vital members of the community and serve to empower patients.
- Professional Development
There is currently no certification or credentialing for patient advocacy in the U.S. However, there are ethical guidelines and parameters promoted by professional organizations such as the National Patient Advocate Foundation to drive industry standards, educate patients and health care workers, and partner with other state and federal organizations. The MHA in Health Care Administration program at Utica College, helps health care professionals gain the depth of knowledge to grow and expand their career in this field. By enhancing job knowledge and professional credibility, health care advocates will continue to be a valuable asset to delivering the best patient outcomes.


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That's why in 2010 the U.S. Congress passed groundbreaking legislation that requires every extractive company listed on a U.S. stock exchange to publish any payments they make to overseas governments, project by project. That information lets Africans hold their leaders to account for the way revenue is spent. Even oil companies will benefit: they're less likely to be criticized by those whose resources they are harvesting. But while the Securities and Exchange Commission crafts rules based on this legislation (amid lobbying by those who think it doesn't work for them), the European Union, considering its own new law, contemplates something worse. World leaders can break the logjam by backing tough rules on the transparency of payments.
In hard times, we hear a lot about "resource management." Resource mismanagement--whether food insecurity or corruption in oil and mineral development--is something the G-8 can reverse, and it can do it not by spending new money but by acting in partnership with the developing world.
If I've learned anything in more than 25 years of making noise about this stuff, it's that partnership trumps paternalism. This summer let's hope the G-8 and G-20 listen more intently to the people we hope to serve and bring the boom without the bust.


text:
Dean Kostos
Your Subtitle text
Home Page
Madison Square Park
Madison Square Park
by Jaume Plensa, is a 44-foot-tall sculpture.
It occupied the main lawn from May to August 2011.
Guarding the entrance, William Seward crosses
oxidized legs. His preposterous head
revolts against his body
as the lawn goes purple.
A woman dressed
in frayed ghosts leads children
by threads to see a girl's four-story
head: eyes closed, mouth
an anemone. The decapitated
girl repeats her name:
Echo ...
I go
At the foot of Metropolitan Life,
a white-haired guitarist snips
electric nerves connected to the past, music
reverberating ... berating ...
A window opens onto colonies
of others. Behind each, an unanswered
question ... quest one ...
Inside a shuttered window,
the memory of a girl--nothing
remaining but her voice.
Content copyright


text:
I've had a chance to play with a lot of little LED fixtures in the past couple of years. It seems these guys are everywhere, and they're incredibly useful. Although I am rarely in a situation where I'm doing a standup interview with an LED mounted on the camera as a front light, I do use them on camera for eyelights or tuck them in corners for more general illumination. They're versatile fixtures that work well in any number of situations.
Variable color temperature Croma LED softlight mounted on a Sony PMW-F3 camera
Litepanels leads the pack when it comes to high-quality precision LED fixtures for film and videography. Litepanels' latest on-camera light is Croma, a color-changing fixture with both 5,600°K and 3,200°K LEDs.
Croma is available at Adorama and B&H for $584 minus $100 mail-in rebate until December 15, 2012.
The Croma features 190 LEDs (90 tungsten and 100 daylight) in a 4.75" x 3.25" face. The LEDs are protected by a clear plastic lens. The body is a grey metallic plastic instead of Litepanels' classic black, and there's something about the unit that doesn't feel quite up to Litepanels' standard of manufacture. It feels more like the original Micro that was more plastic.
The construction is good. Although the front and back plastic tends to flex and creak a bit when I pick it up, I don't feel like it's going to shatter if I drop it.
The Croma's function is simple and intuitive. One knob controls the main dimming function and a second, smaller knob controls the cross-fade between 5,600°K and 3,200°K lamps. You have no control over the cross fade ratio—as soon as you start the transition, one color fades out while the next fades in. So there's no possibility of having daylight at 100 percent while tungsten is at 50 percent, for example, but that makes it only slightly less versatile.
Photographer Alan Weissman uses a Croma as eyelight fill.
I wish it had an on/off switch; to turn the fixture off, you need to dim down past zero. This means I can't set the intensity and work with the fixture, turn it off for lunch, and know when I come back it's going to be at exactly the same setting. I'll have to either mark the dial or take measurements to ensure I'm at the same intensity when I return after a meal.
I dislike it when fixtures don't offer calibration markings. Croma features two knobs—a dimming knob and a color-changing knob—but neither has an indicator to show start and stop points. The Croma is slightly ahead of the competition here as there is a notch on each knob that provides at least a hint about where the dial is. I suppose you could add your own marks with a Sharpie or a piece of tape, but there's not much room.
The dimmer function is stellar. From 0 to 100 percent, it's incredibly smooth. No jumps, no stuttering. The same is true of the color changing dial—the transition is seamless and smooth, no jumps, no stops. If you wanted, you could change the color during a shot and it would have a very smooth effect. You can get anomalous function from the fixture when your batteries are getting low, including flashing—which is a bit obnoxious—and complete failure. The fixture doesn't dim as the batteries die; it goes from on to off very quickly.
I love that there's an AC adapter to this fixture in addition to basic "AA" battery power for real-world versatility. There's an optional D-Tap cable to connect with Anton/Bauer DIONIC HC batteries.
It's interesting to note that the Croma doesn't work with lithium-ion batteries: There's a thermal sensor that shuts the unit down in the case of overheating, and apparently lithium-ion batteries can get hot enough to cause the sensor to kick in. Litepanels warns you of this with an informational card you'll find when you first open the box. It's also clearly stated—twice, once in bold—in the instructions, and it's labeled on the battery lid itself: Not for Use with Lithium-Ion Batteries. They're not kidding, folks. Litepanels is serious about informing the fixture's owners about this issue.
The 10 oz. Croma is lightweight for handheld operation.
Further, if you're not already paranoid enough about batteries, another warning card jumped out at me like a cautionary jack-in-the-box when I first opened the battery compartment. "Please insert batteries properly… improper insertion may damage the fixture." All this caution may give me battery nightmares tonight.
Croma comes with a 1/4-20 threaded ball socket adapter that fits right into the top shoe of your camera. It's sturdy and well built, if a little heavy (3 oz. by itself). A large lever on the side allows for loosening and tightening.
The top and bottom vents on the Croma have a bit more light leak than I'd expect—enough that I could see users taping off the bottom vent holes to keep the light leak from getting in their eyes while they're operating.
As with most LED fixtures, the Croma runs very cool, with nearly no heat output from the front and very little from top and bottom.
The fixture comes with a small piece of plastic diffusion, similar to LEE 251, that slips into a slot between the LEDs and the fixture's clear plastic front face. It fits in snugly, no chance of falling out or making any noise.
The diffusion is not really significant enough to change the quality of the light. At 2' there are still multiple shadows from the 190 individual point sources, and they're gone at 4'—but this is also true of the fixture's performance without the diffusion. With a fixture this small, simply putting a piece of frosted plastic in front of the LEDs doesn't really do anything for the overall light quality at any distance of typical operation.
Once you get more than 2' away, it generally behaves the same with or without the diffusion—except for the fact that the diffusion cuts the light output about in half. Even that isn't necessarily a bonus, because—as with all Litepanels fixtures—there's a dimmer on the unit that works wonderfully. All of this renders the diffusion nearly irrelevant.
The Croma comes in a nylon carrying case that keeps it safe and sound.
Product: Litepanels Croma
Pros: Small, smooth dimming, good output, lightweight, color shift from 3,200°K to 5,600°K, standard power options.
Cons: Light spill, erratic function when batteries are dying, no main on/off switch.
Bottom Line: A great small fixture with the flexibility to blend into a multitude of lighting situations on the fly.


text: From The Editor Manufacturing Tomorrow Reading about the industry and its future. Michelle Bangert January 3, 2013 No Comments As I write this, America has just reelected a president, celebrated a holiday of family and probably too many mashed potatoes, and started preparing for the New Year. By the time you read this, the country will be beginning resolution season.Read More


text:
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Weekly Checkup
The next session will be held on Monday, November 14 from 2:30-3:30 p.m. at Luis Oasis Senior Center, 420 Soares Avenue, Santa Maria and will include speaker Larry Foreman, M.D., Medical Director of Palliative Care, Marian Regional Medical Center.
Dignity Health Central Coast's Palliative Care Program involves a multidisciplinary team of physicians, nurses, social workers, and chaplains to improve the quality of life for those with a life-limiting illness. This informational session will educate attendees on the advantages of palliative care and how to coordinate care with a patient's primary care physician. Patients are eligible for palliative care services whether they have recently been diagnosed, are in active treatment, have completed therapy, or are nearing the end of life. this
Primary palliative care services include, but are not limited to:
"Palliative care offers our patients and their loved ones a sense of comfort during often very difficult times," states Larry Foreman, M.D., Medical Director of Palliative Care, Marian Regional Medical Center. "With our Palliative Care Program, we have a comprehensive team of professionals committed to easing the physical, emotional, and spiritual suffering as associated with life-limiting illnesses."
The Palliative Care Program at Dignity Health Central Coast offers special care for those suffering from a progressive, life-limiting illness. For questions about the program or for future informational session dates, please call 805.739.3398.
Sara San Juan
[email protected]


text:
NOKIA Watch
With all the interest in the partnership with Microsoft over Windows Phone 7 it seems opportune to have the ability to quickly and conveniently monitor the Finnish giant.
Get the lowdown on Nokia's plans and get an insight into the all important question "What new features might Nokia decide to bring to WP7?"
Or maybe you are just like me, had numerous Nokia devices in the past and want to see what they are up to now and what people are saying about them.
Version 1.5 now available, includes additional news options, Facebook and Twitter integration, Video feed and achievement unlocking.
Nokia watch is available in the marketplace here (99c)


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March 12, 2019, 5:45 pmMario HezonjaF, New York Knicks
Mario Hezonja (left leg contusion) will not play against the Pacers on Tuesday.
Hezonja's been getting listed as questionable lately, which points to some progress, but unless he ends up getting big minutes in David Fizdale's wacky rotations there's no reason to pay attention here.
Source: NBA.com
Fantasy News
December 6, 2019, 12:14 amJrue HolidayPG, New Orleans Pelicans
Jrue Holiday had a strong game in Thursday's 139-132 overtime loss to the Suns, scoring 23 points, accompanied by seven rebounds, six assists, five steals and a blocked shot.
Holiday is locked in as one of the elite fantasy point guards. That will continue to be the case with his diverse skillset. The return of Zion Williamson in the near future could mute some numbers slightly, but the efficiency would theoretically improve in concert with that.
December 6, 2019, 12:10 amJaxson HayesPF-C, New Orleans Pelicans
Jaxson Hayes scored 17 points and blocked five shots in 33 minutes of action on Thursday night.
The five blocks were huge for this line from Hayes, who is flashing his potential in the absence of Derrick Favors. We'll see how long Favors is away from the team.
December 6, 2019, 12:03 amLonzo BallPG, New Orleans Pelicans
Lonzo Ball notched a double-double with 20 points, 11 assists, three steals, two blocks and four 3-pointers on Thursday night.
If we turn a blind eye to the seven turnovers, this was a baller line from Ball. It was a great bounceback after some struggles with illness and injury. He even hit all four of his free throws! Ball's upside is immense. If he could just figure out these horrendous percentages, he'll be a lock for top-100 value.
December 5, 2019, 11:56 pmJJ RedickSG, New Orleans Pelicans
J.J. Redick hit five 3-pointers in Thursday's loss to the Suns, scoring 26 points.
Redick has gunned his way back to the top=100 conversation with a hot shooting and general improvement after a slow start. Redick has value as a 3-point specialist at worst and generally maintains good percentages to maintain standard-league value.
December 5, 2019, 11:52 pmBrandon IngramSF, New Orleans Pelicans
Brandon Ingram didn't let a right eye laceration that required stitches stop him from scoring 21 points to go with six rebounds and four assists on Thursday.
Ingram's 20-point game streak was at risk when he left with the injury, but he persevered to finish with an acceptable line. The six turnovers hurt compounded with no defensive stats. Still, Ingram has scored at least 20 points in every game this season (bar one in which he left early after only 13 minutes). He probably won't be a first-round value all year but he's clearly experiencing a true breakout.
December 5, 2019, 11:46 pmDevin BookerSG, Phoenix Suns
Devin Booker scored 44 points in a near triple-double effort on Thursday, adding eight rebounds, nine assists and five 3-pointers.
Booker bounced back from a slow Wednesday with a herculean popcorn stat outing. The scoring efficiency continues to be a primary contributor to a top-40 output thus far. It seems like the bottom just has to fall out on this career-best 50-40-90 season.
December 5, 2019, 11:40 pmRicky RubioPG, Phoenix Suns
Ricky Rubio dished out a season-high 15 points against the Pelicans on Thursday, capping off a nice night that also included 14 points, six rebounds and four steals.
Rubio is one of the premier passers in this league and it seems like the community as a whole has underrated the impact that will continue to have in bumping up his value. He's one of the safest sources of assists even if the shot isn't falling.
December 5, 2019, 11:35 pmFrank KaminskyPF, Phoenix Suns
Frank Kaminsky followed his season-high 23 points with a 20-point, six rebound performance on Thursday night.
Kaminsky took advantage of the absence of Aron Baynes yet again. This should continue to be the case for him with Baynes absent. Unfortunately, Cheick Diallo only played 11 minutes to accrue his eight points and four rebounds despite the overtime, so it doesn't look like Diallo will have a bankable role.
December 5, 2019, 11:31 pmKelly Oubre Jr.SF, Phoenix Suns
Kelly Oubre struggled with his shot but wreaked havoc defensively in Thursday's win over the Pelicans, playing a game-high 47 minutes and scoring 14 points (6-of-21 shooting) to go with 15 rebounds, three steals and four blocks.
Oubre more than made up for the poor shooting with the seven defensive counters. Oubre's chance to be a top-50 player is alive and well. Start with confidence.
December 5, 2019, 11:24 pmCameron JohnsonSF, Phoenix Suns
Cam Johnson hit four 3-pointers and scored 18 points in 31 minutes off the bench in a wild overtime win over the Pelicans on Thursday night.
Johnson matched a career-high with 18 on the night. The upside isn't that enticing for Johnson because of his shooting-focused stat set and the presence of another highly-touted young player in Mikal Bridges (11 points in 22 minutes) competing for similar minutes, but Johnson should still be considered a 3-point specialist option.


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Job scam statistics:
According to a recent AOL survey…
One out of every 33 people looking for a job has reported being a victim of a job scam.
One out of 9 people admit to knowing someone who has been scammed by a fake job opportunity.
Sure there are job scams looking for "movie extras" and Mystery Shopper job scams and fake modeling agency Facebook scams but there are many more job scams that target real job searchers desperate for work.
Bethany Mooradian, author of 'I Got Scammed So You Don't Have To" has fallen for more than one job scam over the years from the "stuff envelopes from home" scam which ask her to run an add to get others to pay up the $19.95 to find out more about envelope stuffing jobs paying $75.00 to cover her background check to home caretaker.
In the past college students and stay at home moms were the most likely targets of job scams but with so many job seekers out of work today, the job scams have evolved into an huge job scam industry.
Why are job seekers big targets for scams?
1) Today there are so many people who are unemployed, without job security or needing a second to make ends meet, that the market is simply ripe for job scammers. It's often a numbers game and scammers target huge markets like the elderly or in this case job hunters.
2) We have notion that nothing is free in our society. In most cases this is true, like it's doubtful that you've won a lottery that you didn't even enter but when it comes to job hunting, legit companies aren't requiring you to pay to apply.
3) The third reason job seekers are targets is simply because so many are looking for jobs online and the Internet makes it so easy to scam to job hunters. People looking to scam you on the Internet can hide behind a website and lull you or link you into giving out information to a "virtual" stranger that you would never give to a stranger in person.
How to Avoid Job Scams:
Only use well known career websites but Jeremy Miller, Kroll Fraud Solutions director of operations warns that even credible career search websites can't control what happens to your resume after it has been downloaded.
It can be tricky but there are some sure signs to help you avoid job scams:
Fake jobs ads often offer:
Big pay with little duties.
Payment in cash.
Signs of bogus jobs include:
No physical address.
No specific contact person.
Big red flags for job scams:
Asking you to open a bank account.
Asking for payment for job training, background searches, memberships and so on.
It's important to report job scam, or any type of fraud. Many victims are too embarrassed to report the crime but reporting the crime matters and sometimes restitution is available.
Have you been a victim of a job scam? Share your experiences in our comment section.


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LTE speeds, and great call quality
Affordable price point
Fast Internet speeds
Elegant, latest WP8 OS
Fast performance
Good call quality
Solid build quality
Strong call quality
Features a fast processor, a lovely screen, 4G LTE
Remarkable compact size, thanks to the almost bezel-less display
Great performance for the money
Affordable and compact
Solid construction
Snappy performance
Pleasing ClearBlack AMOLED display
Good exclusive apps, namely Data Sense
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