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겨울 3일) 골든 서클, 스나이펠스네스 반도, 얼음 동굴
아이슬란드에서 가장 아름답고 독특한 명소들만 합리적인 가격에 모아놓은 환상적인 콤보 투어에 참여해보세요! 아이슬란드에서 가장 유명한 골든 서클(Golden Circle), 스나이펠스(Snæfellsnes) 반도의 다양한 지형, 아름다운 천연 얼음 동굴 투어까지 개별 투어를 예약하는 번거로움 없이 편하게 즐겨보세요!
아이슬란드의 가장 아름다운 풍경들만 모아 합리적인 가격으로 여행할 수 있는 기회이니 놓치지 마세요!
본 패키지는 레이캬비크(Reykjavík) 도심에 머물면서 아이슬란드에서 가장 아름다운 지역들만 방문할 수 있습니다. 별도의 투어 세 가지가 결합된 콤보 투어로 3일에 걸쳐 아름다운 풍경을 감상하다 아이슬란드의 수도 레이캬비크에 돌아와 머물게 됩니다.
첫 번째 투어는 골든 서클 관광입니다. 싱벨리르(Þingvellir) 국립 공원, 게이시르(Geysir) 지열 지대, 굴포스(Gullfoss) 폭포로 구성된 아름다운 골든 서클 지역을 방문할 뿐 아니라, 비교적 덜 알려진 인근의 팍시(Faxi) 폭포, 에프스티달뤼르(Efstidalur) 농장, 케리드(Kerið) 분화구 호수까지 방문할 예정이에요.
두 번째 투어는 신비로운 스나이펠스네스 반도가 배경입니다. 90km 길이로 뻗은 스나이펠스네스 반도에서는 검은 조약돌 해변, 아름다운 해안선, 위풍당당한 산맥, 매력적인 어촌 마을과 거대한 빙하 화산 등을 만날 수 있습니다.
세 번째 투어를 위해서는 남부 해안으로 향하게 됩니다. 화산, 거대한 빙하와 검은 모래 해변, 아이슬란드의 상징과도 같은 다채로운 폭포를 지나 미르달스요쿨(Mýrdalsjökull) 빙하를 향해, 천연 얼음 동굴을 탐험해볼 예정이에요!
합리적인 가격으로 진행되는 콤보 투어를 통해 아이슬란드의 아름다운 풍경 속에 푹 빠져보세요! 그림 같은 산봉우리, 대기 중으로 힘차게 분출하는 간헐천과 거대한 빙하 속 반짝이는 얼음 동굴까지 만날 수 있습니다. 날짜를 선택해 예약 가능 여부를 확인해보세요!
- 가능 기간 : 10월. - 5월.
- 소요시간: 3 일
- 액티비티: 슈퍼지프, 관광, 문화 체험, 조류 관찰, 얼음동굴
- 난이도: 쉬움
- 최소 연령: 12 세
- 언어: English
- 하이라이트: 골든써클,
The Golden Circle is a 300 kilometre (186 mile) route to the three most popular natural attractions in Iceland: the Geysir Geothermal Area, Gullfoss Waterfall and Þingvellir National Park.
This sightseeing trail is easy to do within half a day from Reykjavík, either by self-drive or on one of many tours. Some of these tours have additional activities, such as snorkelling or snowmobiling, or are conducted in a unique style, such as by helicopter, or under the midnight sun.
Within the three locations of the Golden Circle are some of the clearest examples of Iceland's fascinating geological forces, magnificent landscapes, and rich culture.
The Geysir Geothermal Area
The Geysir Geothermal Area is a hot-spring haven in Haukadalur Valley. As could be guessed, it is home to a famous geyser, the name of which has named all others: Geysir itself.
Though this feature is currently in a phase of inactivity, its neighbour Strokkur more than makes up for it. Every five to ten minutes, it blasts a column of boiling water to heights that can reach over 40 metres (131 feet).
The surrounding area is dotted with fumaroles, hot springs, and mud-pits. There are also two other smaller geysers, Smiður and Litlí-Strokkur, that can be easily visited, as well as a hotel, restaurant, cafe and gift shop across the road.
Gullfoss Waterfall
The 'Golden Waterfall', Gullfoss one of the most beautiful and powerful waterfalls in Iceland, plummeting 32 metres (105 feet) in two tiers into the river gorge of the popular rafting river Hvítá. It is just a ten-minute drive from Geysir and is the furthest point on the Golden Circle from Reykjavík.
Gullfoss was very almost lost in the early 20th century when British developers sought to harness its incredible power for geothermal energy. Though they got the lease to the land, allowing them to go ahead with their plans, they met an unlikely adversary: the daughter of the farmer who owned it, Sigríður Tómasdóttir.
This resilient woman refused to see the waterfall, to which she and her sisters paved the first path, destroyed. She, therefore, walked over 200 kilometres (124 miles) to Reykjavík and back multiple times to meet with a lawyer in order to help change the decision.
Though the process was arduous and took years, eventually Sigríður managed to exhaust the resources of the businessmen and they withdrew their plans. Because of her, all Icelandic waterfalls are now protected from foreign investors, and she is considered one of Iceland's first environmentalists and most important historical people.
Thingvellir National Park
The largest attraction of the Golden Circle is Þingvellir National Park. The Icelandic parliament was founded here in 930 and remained until the year 1798 before moving to Reykjavík, making it the original site of what is now the world's longest ongoing parliament.
Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most important places to visit in Iceland. This is not just for its historical and cultural values, but for also its magnificent landscape and dramatic geology.
Þingvellir is surrounded by a beautiful mountain and volcanic ranges, as it is located in a rift valley directly between the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates. This makes it one of the few places in the world where you can walk between the continents, in the Mid-Atlantic Rift.
The daring and qualified even have opportunities to snorkel or scuba dive in this no-mans-land, in a ravine filled with crystal-clear spring water called Silfra. The visibility here can exceed 100 metres (328 feet), revealing incredible geological sites. Though it never freezes over due to the constant flow of water into it, it is 2°C (35°C) throughout the year, thus underwater explorers are always equipped with protective suits.
Other sites of note are the magnificent Almannagjá gorge, which you can walk down into to reach the rift valley from the North American tectonic plate, and the beautiful lake Þingvallavatn, the largest lake in Iceland, which gleams to the south of the National Park.
Surrounding sites
Due to its convenient location in south-west Iceland, it is easy to visit the Golden Circle alongside with many other sites. Those seeking relaxation could head to the Secret Lagoon in Flúðir or Fontana Spa in Laugarvatn, those seeking adventure could book a trip to the ice tunnels of Langjökull glacier, and those seeking culture could visit the Sólheimar ecovillage. For more natural beauty, you can visit the nearby Kerið crater lake.
There are many tours that include such bonuses, but if driving yourself, you should check out this guide to great detours off the Golden Circle.레이캬비크,
Reykjavík is the capital of Iceland and the northernmost capital of any sovereign state in the world.
Despite a small population (approximately 120,000, with just over 200,000 in the Greater Reykjavík area), it is a vibrant city that draws an ever increasing number of visitors every year. It is the financial, cultural and political centre of Iceland, and has a reputation of being one of the cleanest and safest cities in the world.
The city of Reykjavík is located in southwest Iceland by Faxaflói Bay. Throughout the ages, the landscape has been shaped by glaciers, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions and the area is geothermal; after all, its name translates to 'Smoky Bay'.
Much of the current city area was subglacial during the Ice Age, with the glacier reaching as far as the Álftanes peninsula, while other areas lay under the sea. After the end of the Ice Age, the land rose as the glaciers drifted away, and it began to take on its present form.
The coastline of Reykjavík is set with peninsulas, coves, straits and islands, most notably the island of Viðey, and seabirds and whales frequent the shores. The mountain ring as seen from the shore is particularly beautiful.
Mount Esjan is the highest mountain in the vicinity of Reykjavík and the most distinctive feature of the coastline. This majestic summit is also highly popular amongst hikers and climbers. Other notable mountains that can be seen from the seaside are Akrafjall and Skarðsheiði.
On clear days, one may even see as far to the legendary Snæfellsjökull glacier, at the end of the Snæfellsnes peninsula.
The largest river to run through the city is Elliðaá in Elliðaárdalur valley, which is also one of Iceland's best rivers for salmon fishing.
There are no trains or trams in Iceland, but most people travel by car. The city also operates a bus system. There are two major harbours in town, the old harbour in the centre and Sundahöfn in the east.
The domestic Reykjavík Airport is located at Vatnsmýrin, not far from the city centre and close to the hill Öskjuhlíð and the restaurant, vantage point and exhibition centre Perlan. The international Keflavík Airport at Miðnesheiði heath then lies around 50 kilometres (31 miles) from the city.
Cars, jeeps and bicycles can be readily rented in the city and many organized tours are also being offered. It is, however, quite easy to walk between the major sites.
What to See & Do in Reykjavik
The local arts scene is strong in Iceland, with annual events and festivals, many of artists from which have hit the international stage.
Major events taking place in Reykjavík include Iceland Airwaves, Reykjavík Pride, RIFF (The Reykjavík International Film Festival), The Reykjavík Literature Festival, Culture Night, the Reykjavík Arts Festival, Food & Fun, the Reykjavík Fashion Festival and the Sónar music festival.
Amongst the famous people from Reykjavík are musicians like Björk Guðmundsdóttir and Sigur Rós, and writers Halldór Laxness (born on the main street, Laugavegur) and Arnaldur Indriðason.
Those eager to soak up the local culture should visit the city's many museums, exhibitions and galleries, and check out live music at the cafés, bars, and concert venues dotted around. You could look at the programmes of what's on at the Harpa music hall or the theatres, or else plan a few hours at the lighthouse at Grótta, the shopping street of Laugavegur, or the old harbour and the flea market.
You could even book a bird- and whale watching tour or a visit to Viðey island. There are a lot of things to do and the possibilities are endless.
Make sure to visit the public square of Austurvöllur, one of the city's most popular gathering places, where you'll also find the national parliament, the Alþingi, as well as the state church, a statue of independence hero Jón Sigurðsson, cafés, bars and restaurants.
Austurvöllur was central in the protests following the banking collapse of 2008, along with Lækjargata, home to the House of Government. You are also not likely to miss the great church of Hallgrímskirkja that towers over the city from the hill of Skólavörðuholt, from which you'll get a great view of the city.
Try a walk by the city pond, Tjörnin, to greet the many birds that frequent the area and to visit the city hall, stationed by its banks. A beautiful park lies by the pond, ideal for a nice walk, and sometimes concerts get held there.
Further off is the campus of the University of Iceland, the Nordic house and the Vatnsmýrin wetland, a particularly pleasant place, but be mindful to not disturb the wildlife there by keeping to the pathways.
For a nice swim on a warm day, we particularly recommend Nauthólsvík beach, which is heated with geothermal water. Those who love a dip should also visit the Laugardalur valley, home to one of the city's best swimming pools, which sits a short walk away from Ásmundarsafn gallery, a beautiful botanical garden and a domestic zoo.
A walk by the Ægissíða beach, with its old fishing sheds, in the west part of Reykjavík also holds a particular charm. From there, you can see all the way to president's house at Bessastaðir, which is also a historical site in its own right, having been the educational centre of Iceland for centuries.
Another place that offers one of the city's best views is Perlan, up on Öskjuhlíð hill. The hill itself is a popular place to spend a few hours, with over 176,000 trees and great opportunities for walking and cycling. Perlan also has and observation deck with great views, a café and an exhibition centre.
Furthermore, the city is a short drive from many of Iceland's major attractions, most famously the Golden Circle and the Blue Lagoon. In close vicinity you'll also find the Heiðmörk preservation area, a favourite local site of the people of Reykjavík, as well as the Blue Mountains, one of Iceland's best skiing venues.
Finally, we'd like to stress that these are only some suggestions of the many things you might check out in Reykjavík. Whatever you choose to do, we hope you'll be able to make the most of your visit and we wish you a pleasant stay in our capital.스나이펠스요쿨,
Snæfellsjökull is a glacier-capped volcano found on the tip of the Snæfellsnes Peninsula in west Iceland. It stands in a National Park of the same name, one of the only three National Parks in the country.
It stands at 1,446 metres (4,744 feet) tall, and on clear days, is visible across the bay from Reykjavík. The stratovolcano beneath Snæfellsjökull is 700,000-year-old.
The mountain is actually called 'Snæfell' (Snowy Mountain), though the 'jökull' (Glacier) is often added to help distinguish it from other mountains of the same name.
For the first time in recorded history, Snæfellsjökull had no snow or ice at its peak in August 2012, causing concern amongst locals that climate change is threatening the nature of the mountain.
Snæfellsjökull has several small villages surrounding it, including Hellissandur, Rif and Ólafsvík, all of which were some of the busiest commercial and fishing hubs in the country for much of the last millennium.
Fishing took off primarily in the 13th-Century, with fishing stations being built in all areas with easy access to the open ocean. The Snæfellsnes Peninsula was a notable centre of this industry, due to the fertile waters within Breiðafjörður bay.
One notable example would be the settlement of Dritvík; in spite of its minuscule size today, it once utilised around forty to sixty boats and employed up to six hundred people.
Fishing in the region declined during the 19th century due to change in Iceland's industry and fish stocks, though it is still an important source of livelihood for those living on the Peninsula.
The Snæfellsjökull National Park was established in 2001, and tourism is rapidly changing the trade of the area.
In Folklore
Snæfellsjökull has, for centuries, been considered to be one of the world's ancient power sites, a source of mysticism, energy and mystery for the peninsula's superstitious population.
The feature takes a prominent role in Bárðar saga Snæfellsáss, a late 14th-century saga that tells the story of Bárður, half-human-half-troll, who became the 'guardian spirit of Snæfellsjökull'.
There are many rock formations on and around Snæfellsjökull that are said to be trolls petrified by sunlight, or else homes of the hidden people.
On November 5th, 1993, thousands of people came to Snæfellsjökull as some paranormal enthusiasts believed there would be an alien landing; CNN even showed up with a camera crew. Though the evening passed without a galactic invasion, the incident shows the strange significance of Snæfellsjökull to many.
In Literature
Snæfellsjökull serves as the entrance to a fantastical subterranean world in Jules Verne's classic 1864 novel 'Journey to The Centre of The Earth.' Given its central place in the novel, Snæfellsjökull has become one of the most popular spots for visitors in Iceland and has inspired a wealth of writers, poets and artists.
Since 'Journey to The Centre of The Earth', Snæfellsjökull has appeared in the 'Blind Birds' trilogy by Czech science fiction writer Ludvík Souček (partially based on Jules' work) and in 'Under The Glacier', a novel by Iceland's only Nobel laureate, Halldór Laxness.
Nearby Attractions
Along with the glacier, attractions on the Snæfellsnes Peninsula include the two nearby basalt cliffs called Lóndrangar and the many fascinating lava formations at the beautiful Djúpalónssandur beach, such as the arch rock Gatklettur.
At Djúpalónssandur, one can also test their muscle as historic sailors once did with the four 'strength' stones, Amlóði ('Useless'), Hálfdrættingur ('Weakling'), Hálfsterkur ('Half Strength') and Fullsterkur ('Full Strength').
In the area, one can also explore the Saxhóll volcano crater and 'the singing cave' Sönghellir, which is named after the loud echoes inside.셀야란드스포스,
Seljalandsfoss is a waterfall that can be fully encircled, situated on the South Coast of Iceland with a drop of 60 metres (200 feet).
Due to the waterfall's close proximity to the Ring Roadand impressive natural features, it is one the country's most famous and visited falls. Majestic and picturesque, it is one of the most photographed features in all of Iceland.
Geology and Surroundings
Seljalandsfoss waterfall, part of the river Seljalandsá, has its origins underneath the glacier Eyjafjallajökull. The volcano beneath this ice cap was the one that erupted in 2010 and caused havoc at airports across Europe.게이시르,
Geysir is a famous hot spring in the geothermal area of Haukadalur Valley, found in south-west Iceland.
Making up just one of the attractions along the world-renowned Golden Circle sightseeing route, alongside Þingvellir National Park and the mighty Gullfoss waterfall, Geysir is most well-known for having lent its name to geysers all around the world.
Though Geysir itself is rarely active these days, Haukadalur Valley boasts a plethora of hot springs and geysers, including the powerful Strokkur, Smiður and Litli-Strokkur.
Strokkur is, arguably, the country's most famous hot spring, shooting vast jets of boiling water from 20 metres (65 feet) up to 40 metres (130 feet) high. Don't worry about missing this incredible spectacle of nature, as Strokkur erupts every five to ten minutes; just make sure to have your camera ready.
Geysir is much larger, but years can go by between eruptions here; it is currently in an inactive phase. When it does erupt, the water can shoot up in the air as high as 70 metres (230 feet).
Just a few minutes walk north of Geysir are a wealth of fumaroles emanating steam and gas into the cool Icelandic air. Aside from watching the hypnotic pillars of steam, you will also be able to observe the yellow sulphuric stains along the fumaroles themselves, a result of the earth's minerals crystallising around the rock bed.
At the southern part of the valley, Þykkuhverir, you'll find various bubbling mud pots. These spooky brown cauldrons are actually fumaroles that boil up through the loose ground; after a dry spell, these mud pools are likely to transform into a hardened fumarole.
Nearby Attractions
About two kilometres (one mile) from Geysir is a preserved natural pool called Kúalaug. It has room for three to five people at a time, but care should be taken, as the area around the pool is very delicate. The temperature is 39-43°C (102-109°F), depending on where you are positioned in the pool.
The water is slightly muddy, as the pool is built on soil, and the bottom is slippery due to algae, so caution is advised when relaxing here.
Haukadalur has also seen a rise in reforestation in recent times thanks to continued experiments and research in the area. Today, Haukadalsskógur is one of the largest forests in south Iceland, boasting accessible walking paths (also for wheelchair users), fascinating vegetation and The Tree Museum, built in the memory of forester Gunnar Freysteinsson.
Haukadalur has been inhabited and used as a church site since the Age of Settlement. Given its historic value, it should be noted that scholar, Ari "The Wise" Þorgilsson, grew up here; it was also where the first pastoral school in Iceland was built.
The current wooden church was last rebuilt in 1938 but its architectural style dates back to 1842, making it well worth a visit to see how Iceland looked before industrialisation.
For accommodation, Hotel Gullfoss is approximately 7 kilometre from the Geysir area, and closer still is Hotel Geysir on the other side of the road from the attraction, where you will also find a restaurant, café and a souvenir shop.굴포스,
Gullfoss ('Golden Waterfall') in Hvita river is one of the most beautiful and beloved waterfalls in Iceland and forms a part of the famous Golden Circle along with Thingvellir National Park and the Geysir geothemal area.
This mighty waterfall cascades 32 meters into the river gorge and you'll be able to stand close enough to feel the waterspray on your face. Hvita itself should not be missed by any fan of rafting, as it is one of the most popular rafting rivers in Iceland.Eyjafjallajökull,
The glacier volcano of Eyjafjallajökull is notorious the world over for causing havoc to air travel in 2010, and stumping television anchors everywhere as they tried to pronounce it. 1651 metres (5427 feet) tall, it is one of the most dominant features of the South Coast.
The glacier of Eyjafjallajökull is approximately 100 square kilometres (39 square miles), making it the country's sixth largest. It sits close to the fourth greatest, Mýrdalsjökull, which also conceals another notorious volcano, this one called Katla.
While Eyjafjallajökull's eruption was huge and disruptive, it pales in comparison to the potential of Katla. Far more explosive, and under much thicker ice, an eruption here in unfavourable wind conditions could have worldwide consequences.
The magma chambers between both of these mighty volcanoes are connected, and, unfortunately for us, an eruption at Eyjafjallajökull is usually followed by one at Katla within a decade.
Eyjafjallajökull has many glacial outlets, the most famous being Gígjökull. Many rivers flow from its meltwater, and one of these falls into the beautiful South Coast waterfall, Seljalandsfoss, which it is possible to fully encircle.
Eyjafjallajökull's most recent eruption was no doubt the most famous in Iceland's history (although the honour really should go to Laki, the 1783-4 eruption of which caused an ash cloud so great that Europe fell into a famine that many historians believe led to the French Revolution). On March 27th, 2010, magma began to bubble from beneath the surface, and by April 14th, ash was starting to billow from the peak.
800 people were evacuated, in fears not of magma, but of equally dangerous glacial floods, which have decimated Icelandic towns in the past. Animals were ordered to be kept inside, and those with respiratory problems told they should also stay indoors.
Air travel across Europe was halted, as, by the evening of April 15th, the ash was already over the UK, Scandinavia, and parts of Germany. Holidaymakers were trapped, waiting for news, and would end up stuck for eight days; in Scotland and Ireland, there were even flights delayed in May due to lingering effects.
Thankfully, no one was injured, although the ash is thought to have caused respiratory issues for some in the south of the country. Many farms were also destroyed by the ash and floods, with some farmers still struggling to recover today.
Since settlement in 874, Eyjafjallajökull has also erupted in 900, 1612, and from 1821 to 1823. The latter released a huge amount of fluoride which is believed to have affected the bone health of humans and animals alike at the time.
Eyjafjallajokull today
Eyjafjallajökull is now entirely safe to visit and is seen on most tours of the South Coast in clear weather. In the town of Hvolsvöllur, there is a visitor's centre on the volcano, which focuses on the experience of one family whose farm, Þorvaldseyri, was one of the many destroyed by the floods, lava and ash.
It is very unlikely that Eyjafjallajökull will erupt again any time soon, with hundreds of years between each eruption, but as mentioned, its neighbour Katla might start rumbling...씽벨리르,
Þingvellir National Park is the only UNESCO World Heritage site on the Icelandic mainland and one of the three stops on the world famous Golden Circle sightseeing route, alongside the Haukadalur Geothermal Valley (Geysir) and Gullfoss Waterfall.Just to the south of the park is Þingvallavatn, Iceland's largest natural lake.
The first thing that visitors to the National Park notice is its sheer aesthetic beauty; dried magma fields, covered in Icelandic moss, sit carved by glacial springs and surrounded by a bowl of ancient mountain peaks.
Two of the greatest attractions in the park are the exposed North American and Eurasian tectonic plates; it is one of the only regions in the world where you can see geology such as this on land.
Visitors are encouraged to walk along the North American tectonic plate, where they can read more about the area's fascinating formation and history, before descending into the valley below.
Þingvellir can be anglicised to 'Fields of Parliament', a nod to the area's fascinating history and relevance to Icelandic culture. It is here, after all, that the world's first democratically elected parliament that remains functioning, Alþingi, was formed in 930 AD.
It may seem unlikely that Vikings would want to be under such an uncombative government, but the thirty or so clans that lived in Iceland at the time sought to prosper in their harsh new environment.
The first gathering was such a success that the meetings became annual, and it became a place where disputes were settled, criminals were tried, and laws to the benefit of all were laid down.
This saw the birth of the Icelandic Commonwealth, a time of independence and freedom for the Icelandic people before they became constituents of the Norwegian monarchy. Sessions would continue to be held at Þingvellir until 1798.
Though the parliament was removed by the Danish at this time, it returned 1845 to Reykjavík.
Another major reason as to why Þingvellir is considered so important to Icelanders is the fact that this is where the decision was made to abandon the belief of Paganism and the Norse Gods; the people adopted Christianity in 1000 AD under threat of invasion from Norway.
This turning point in history was left to the pagan lawspeaker, Þorgeir Þorkelsson, who rested on the choice for one day and one night before reappearing to share his decision.
To symbolise the country's change, he threw idols of his old deities into the northern waterfall Goðafoss, the name of which translates to 'Waterfall of the Gods'.
Silfra Fissure
Þingvellir is one of the most widely visited attractions in Iceland, in large part due to the fact that it is home to the glacial spring, Silfra fissure, one of the top ten sites in the world for snorkellers and scuba divers.
Silfra (meaning 'Silver') is a submerged ravine within the park, boasting visibility of up to 100 metres (328 feet) and a temperature just above freezing. Participants in these tours will be attired at the Silfra carpark in neoprene hoodies and gloves, as well as an undersuit and drysuit for thermal protection.Katla,
Katla is one of Iceland's most explosive volcanoes, located underneath Iceland's fourth largest ice cap, Mýrdalsjökull. Since settlement, it has erupted, on average, once every fifty years, with the last eruption in 1918. It is long overdue.
Katla is connected to Eyjafjallajökull, which erupted in 2010 and caused widespread disruption to air traffic, as well as changes in climate. Usually, Katla is triggered by an eruption here, usually going off within the decade afterwards. Kristín Jónsdóttir said in 2016 that it was 'a matter of when, not if' Iceland would face the wrath of Katla once more.
Katla means 'Kettle' in Icelandic, and many women are named after the volcano with it being one of the more popular girl's names.
Geography and geology of Katla
Katla is located on Iceland's South Coast, north of the village of Vík. Its peak is 1,512 metres (4,961 feet) above sea level, and its crater is 10 kilometres (6.2 miles) wide. The ice of Mýrdalsjökull is, 700 metres (2,300 feet) thick at certain points over it.
Because of this huge amount of ice, some smaller eruptions do not even break the surface. However, even these can be very dangerous, as they can still cause unexpected floods as the melted water seeps from under the glacier. One only needs to see the black sand desert of Sólheimasandur to see how much life can thrive in the glacial outwash plain under Katla.
Because of the floods caused by Katla, Iceland's South Coast has very few settlements. Floods such as these have wiped out entire villages before.
The floods following the 1918 eruption were particularly powerful, clearing away huge swathes of land. The lava that followed, however, was so voluminous that it extended the southern coastline over five kilometres (eight miles) out to sea.
Though Eyjafjallajökull and Katla have a relationship of exploding in quick succession, they are part of different volcanic systems. Katla's system has an area of 595 square kilometres (230 square miles), and is connected to the Eldgjá canyon.
Tours on Katla
Katla is beneath the peak of Mýrdalsjökull, which is surrounded by outlet glaciers, making tours on it few and far between - after all, it is very difficult to reach. Some helicopter tours, however, will make a landing here. Some super jeep tours also take the bumpy but beautiful path to the top.
It should be noted that there are ice caves above Katla, which are accessible for longer throughout the year than the ice caves at Vatnajökull. These ones, however, do not have blue ice.
Where to see Katla
Katla can be seen from the Ring Road, which encircles Iceland, by travelling along the South Coast, so long as the weather is clear. It will be visible for much of the drive, which also takes you passed features such as the waterfall Seljalandsfoss and the black sand beach of Reynisfjara.
It can also be viewed when visiting one of the glacier tongues of Mýrdalsjökull, such as Sólheimajökull, the most popular outlet for glacier hiking.스트로쿠르,
Strokkur is Iceland's most visited active geyser. One of the three major attractions on the world-famousGolden Circle sightseeing route, it is usually visited alongside Gullfoss Waterfall and Þingvellir National Park.
Strokkur is found in the Geysir Geothermal Area, titled after the Great Geysir, which lent its name to all others across the world. It is the greatest active geyser on site; Geysir itself is in a period of inactivity. Strokkur erupts more regularly than Geysir ever did, blasting water to heights of around fifteen to twenty metres every five to ten minutes, although it is known to reach up to forty metres.
Strokkur and Haukadalur Valley
Strokkur is the primary feature of the Haukadalur valleyand the main reason why it is one of the most visited sites in the country. While Geysir will very occasionally still erupt to enormous heights, it is nowhere near reliable enough to justify the area's popularity.
Haukadalur valley, however, has many other features that make it worth a visit. The natural beauty of the area is shaped by the forces of the earth; fumaroles, hot-springs, mud-pits and other little geysers are littered around, and the ground itself is dyed vividly by elements such as sulfur (yellow), copper (green) and iron (red).
Opposite the main geothermal area in Haukadalur Valley is a restaurant, cafe, hotel and luxury gift shop.
Science behind Strokkur
Active geysers like Strokkur are rare around the world, due to the fact that many conditions must be met for them to form. They are thus only found in certain parts of highly geothermal areas.
The first condition that is necessary is an intense heat source; magma must be close enough to the surface of the earth for the rocks to be hot enough to boil water. Considering that Iceland is located on top of the rift valley between the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates, this condition is met throughout most of the county.
Secondly, you will need a source of flowing underground water. In the case of Strokkur, this comes from the second largest glacier in the country, Langjökull. Meltwater from the glacier sinks into the surrounding porous lava rock, and travels underground in all directions.
Evidence of this flowing water can be found in Þingvellir National Park, where there are many freshwater springs flowing straight from the earth.
Finally, you need a complex plumbing system that allows a geyser to erupt, rather than just steam from the ground like a fumarole. Above the intense heat source, there must be space for the flowing water to gather like a reservoir. From this basin, there must be a vent to the surface. This vent must be lined with silica so that the boiling, rising water cannot escape before the eruption.
Environmental Issues with Strokkur
One of the main reasons that Geysir entered a period of inactivity was due to the fact soap used to be pumped into the vents to make the eruptions more dramatic; it damaged the structure of the vent and prevented water building up. Strokkur, therefore, is guarded against all interference, with chains keeping visitors a good distance away.
Unfortunately, however, there have been incidents where people have meddled with its natural state. For example, an artist called Marco Evaristti once poured food colouring into it to make the eruption pink. He defended himself by claiming that nature was open to artists to utiltise and the fact the colouring was all-natural, but he became a pariah amongst many Icelanders, and was arrested and fined (though never paid it).Almannagjá,
Almannagjá is a gorge within Þingvellir National Park, which marks the edge of the North American tectonic plate. It is possible to hike through and has a beautiful waterfall within it.
Geology of Almannagjá
Almannagjá marks the boundary of the Mid-Atlantic Rift, which runs through Iceland. This rift is the space between the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates.
Nowhere in the country is this remarkable feature more distinct than in Þingvellir National Park. At different points within it, it is possible to see both cliffs that mark the ends of the continents, and when driving through it, you descend one of them and ascend the other.
The movements of the tectonic plates as they slowly pull away from each other give the park many distinctive features. It is littered with ravines, many of which are filled with crystal clear spring water (the most famous of these being the snorkelling and diving site Silfra) and it is coated in lava rock.
The movement of the plates also created Almannagjá. As the North American plate pulled west, it could no longer sustain its weight, causing what used to be the edge to break free of the continent in an earthquake. This left the Almannagjá gorge between the two segment.
The gorge varies in width, but at several points can be walked through. A waterfall tumbles in one part of it, called Öxaráfoss, which can easily be reached on foot.
History of Almannagjá
Almannagjá gorge has witnessed a great deal of Icelandic history. This is because Þingvellir itself was the original site of the world's longest-running, ongoing parliament, the Alþing.
The lawspeakers of the Alþing would stand on a rock above Almannagjá gorge to read out the laws of the day to thousands of people, who would come annually to settle debates, exchange news, represent their families and clans (in the earliest days), and battle for dominance.스나이펠스네스,
Snæfellsnes is a large peninsula extending from West Iceland, often nicknamed 'Iceland in Miniature' due to its wealth and diversity of natural features found there.
Home to the Snæfellsjökull National Park, at the centre of which is a subglacial volcano that towers over the scenery, this peninsula is home to waterfalls, rock formations, beautiful beaches, historic villages, and an intricate folklore.
In particularly clear weather, the Snæfellsnes Peninsula can sometimes be seen from Reykjavík, making views across the water from the capital of Iceland particularly beautiful. Those with an extended stay in Iceland are recommended to look into spending at least a day here.
Natural Sites of Snaefellsnes
The peninsula stretches 90 kilometres (56 miles) from West Iceland, between the Reykjanes Peninsula to the south and Westfjords to the north. A mountain range runs along it, consisting of both active and dormant volcanoes, culminating at the magnificent, ice-capped Snæfellsjökull volcano.
Starting along the south side of the Snæfellsnes Peninsula, you will first come to the Eldborg crater, which can be scaled for some incredible views, and the Gerðuberg basalt cliffs, where hundreds of hexagonal basalt columns are arranged with geometric precision. You will then start hugging the coast, where animal-lovers can find the Ytri-Tunga beach and its year-round seal colony.
The next site of particular natural beauty is the Rauðfeldsgjá Gorge, a cleft in a huge cliff face that it is possible to climb into. A stream runs through here, so those who want to plumb its depths will get wet. Those with decent clothing, sturdy shoes and reasonable fitness, however, will be able to get quite far.
After Rauðfeldsgjá, you will come to the mighty basalt plugs of Lóndrangar. All that remains of what was once a massive crater, these two enormous pillars are not only awe-inspiring in their scale, but home to thousands of nesting seabirds.
You will then enter Snæfellsjökull National Park, which, in spite of being the smallest of the country's three national parks, is pregnant with destinations worth visiting.
The most historic of these is Djúpalónssandur beach. Comprised of black, volcanic sands, it is best-known for the four lifting stones that remain on the beach from a bygone age. Fishermen would use these stones to mark their strength, and gage their suitability to working on the dangerous waves.
Within the National Park are also two lava caves that can be entered in summer. Sönghellir is renowned for the musical qualities of its echoes, whereas Vatnshellir is favoured for its easy access and vivid colouration. There is a small entry fee to the latter and you cannot enter it without a guide.
Of course, however, the highlight of this part of the Peninsula is no doubt Snæfellsjökull itself. Even if you are not ascending it on a glacier hiking tour, it is worth stopping by to marvel at.
This is particularly the case for literature enthusiasts. The adventure in the Jules Verne novel 'A Journey to the Centre of the Earth' begins here, and it is the backdrop to the lesser-known novel 'Under the Glacier', by Nobel-Prize winning Icelander, Halldór Laxness.
On the north side of the peninsula is the haunting Berserkjahraun lava field, near the town of Bjarnarhöfn, the history of which weaves deception and murder. Most notable on this stretch, however, is the mountain Kirkjufell, often described as the most photographed mountain in Iceland, and known as "the mountain shaped like an arrowhead" from the popular HBO series, Game of Thrones.
Cultural Sites of Snaefellsnes
There are a few small and beautiful villages dotted across the peninsula, the majority of which are on the northern side, where the fishing is better. Most notable are Arnarstapi, Hellnar, Búðir, Hellissandur, Ólafsvík, Grundarfjörður and Stykkishólmur.
The last of these is highly popular for travellers, featuring a volcano museum and a ferry that takes you across the fascinating Breiðafjörður bay to the south border of the Westfjords with a stop at the remote island of Flatey.
Other museums of note are the Maritime Museum at Hellissandur, the regional museum at Ólafsvík, and, last but not least, the shark museum at Bjarnarhöfn, where you can taste the Icelandic 'delicacy', hákarl, or fermented shark.Mýrdalsjökull,
Mýrdalsjökull is a glacier in the south of the Icelandic highlands. It is the country's fourth largest ice cap, covering nearly 600 square kilometres (232 square miles), and its highest peak is almost 1500 meters tall. It is most well-known for sitting atop the notorious and explosive volcano, Katla.
Mýrdalsjökull is visible from Route 1 on the South Coast, sitting to the north of the village of Vík. It is visited on some snowmobiling, ice caving and helicopter tours, and one of its glacial outlets, Sólheimajökull, is the most popular place in the country for ice-climbing and glacier hiking.
Eruptions beneath Myrdalsjokull
Since 2010, the world has known of the volcano beneath Eyjafjallajökull; after all, it halted European air travel for over a week and stumped news readers everywhere. Few, however, are aware of the much larger volcano right beside it.
Mýrdalsjökull conceals Katla, one of the country's most active volcanoes, having erupted, on average, once every fifty years since 930 AD. Because of the glacier above it, these eruptions tend to cause enormous ash clouds. It is these ash clouds that lead to flights being grounded, crops and livestock poisoned, and have the potential to change the world's climate.
The last major eruption beneath Katla was in 1918, in which such huge lahar floods occurred that the southern coastline was extended five kilometres outwards. This area is also very susceptible to glacial floods, or 'jökulhlaup', during eruptions, even when the lava does not break through the surface of the ice. These are as dangerous as the lava itself, having wiped out whole Icelandic villages before.
Historically, the area was little settled for this reason.
Katla is connected to the same volcanic system as Eyjafjallajökull and usually erupts violently a few years after Eyjafjallajökull does. As the ex-president, Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson said in 2010:'The time for Katla to erupt is coming close… it is high time for European governments and airline authorities all over Europe and the world to start planning for the eventual Katla eruption'
So it is currently several years overdue. Katla is monitored heavily, and roads around it closed when seismic activity increases. All road closures around Iceland can be found on Road and Coastal Administration's website.
Tours on Myrdalsjokull
While there are no eruptions immediately imminent, tours continue to run onMýrdalsjökull, allowing visitors to enjoy the glacier. It is, for example, possible to snowmobile across its surface throughout the year and take ice caving tours beneath it throughout the year, with departures from both Reykjavík and Vík.
Considering the ice caves under Vatnajökull glacier are usually only accessible from November to March, this provides a wider window of opportunity for travellers to Iceland outside of the depths of winter. It should be noted that the caves in Mýrdalsjökull do not have the same blue ice, however.
Tours around Myrdalsjokull
Mýrdalsjökull can be seen on all South Coast tours that reach Vík and beyond in clear weather. It can also be seen from above on helicopter tours that depart from Reykjavík.
The best perspectives of the glacier, however, can be found on the popular Fimmvörðuháls hiking trail, which goes between Eyjafjallajökull and Mýrdalsjökull. Part of this hike can be done in a day, or you can take the complete route from Þórsmörk to Skógar on a three-day trek아르나스타피,
Arnarstapi is a village on the southern side of the Snæfellsnes peninsula, once a fishing hub and now a place for travellers to refuel before entering Snæfellsjökull National Park. The area has several old and charming houses with interesting stories to them and is renowned for its beautiful nature.
History of Arnarstapi
Records of settlements around Arnarstapi date back to the Bárðar saga Snæfellsáss, an ancient Icelandic Saga that tells of the half-human, half-ogre who once lived on the Snæfellsnes peninsula. Since his death, he has been considered the area's guardian spirit.
The region was popular with settlers due to its natural harbour, meaning fishing in the rich herring grounds of the surrounding waters was easy. When Norway, and to a much greater extent when they took over, Denmark, were in control of Iceland, Arnarstapi grew increasingly as a trading port.
Denmark invested a lot of money into Arnarstapi throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (for their own interests, unfortunately not those of the Icelanders). Many of the resulting buildings still stand today, being some of the oldest in the country, such as the Danish Prefect's Residence, which was built in the 1770s.
In the industrial revolution, Arnarstapi's population radically shrunk which was common in the countryside at this time. The vast majority of Iceland's jobs were now centralised in Reykjavík, reducing opportunities for small-time fishermen and their businesses, and the town became little more than a hamlet as a result.
As Iceland's infrastructure rapidly improved after independence in 1943, and more people abroad began to see the many wonders of this island as a travel destination; Arnarstapi, like many other settlements in the area, got a new lease on life.
Fishing and trade remain vital parts of the economy, but they now play second fiddle to tourism and services. The village has essential services for those travelling on the peninsula, a wide array of accommodation options, and tour companies operating from it.
Nature and Sites around Arnarstapi
The beach at Arnarstapi holds a particular attraction. It has an eroded circular stone arch, called Gatklettur, and here, the interplay of spectacular waves and the light of the sun create a fascinating spectacle. Large colonies of the arctic tern also nest in the area, and both these features make it very popular amongst photographers.
An old horse trail through the lava field Hellnahraun is highly popular for hiking, due to the impressiveness of the surrounding landscape.
Arnarstapi, however, should never be too long a stop on a tour of the peninsula. As lovely as it is, the natural attractions nearby simply warrant more time. The village, for example, sits on the cusp of Snæfellsjökull National Park, home to the Snæfellsjökull glacier and volcano, the beauty of which has inspired writers and artists for centuries.
This is one of only three National Parks in the country, but it is to the credit of the peninsula's beauty that it is far from the only must-see destination around. Very close to Arnarstapi is the Lóndrangar basalt cliffs, huge towers of lava that from a distance look like a fortress.
Vatnshellir and Sönghellir and two nearby lava caves (the former of which can only be entered on a guided tour). There is also a beautiful cleft in a mountainside called Rauðfeldsgjá Gorge that it is possible to climb into.
Though a little further away, on the north of the peninsula, Kirkjufell mountain is also a wonderful site to behold.케리드,
Kerið is a volcanic crater lake in the Grímsnes area of South Iceland. It is close to the three major sites that comprise Iceland's world-famous Golden Circle sightseeing route and thus makes for the perfect detour for those on visiting these landmarks.
Kerid and the Golden Circle
The Golden Circle is Iceland's most popular tourist route. Its three main highlights are Gullfoss, or the 'Golden Waterfall'; the Haukadalur Geothermal Valley, with its many springs and geysers; and Þingvellir National Park, the only UNESCO World Heritage Site on Iceland's mainland and the birthplace of the country's parliament.
There are several tour operators who offer trips to the Golden Circle. Many of those define their tours from others with extra stops, and Kerið crater is the most popular of these. It is approximately 40 minutes drive from Þingvellir and Haukadalur in different directions, providing visitors with two routes by which they can return to Reykjavík.
If travelling to Kerið crater alone, please be aware that there is a small entrance fee, of 400 ISK (about two Euros, or three US dollars). This is only to help the landowners preserve and protect the crater; after all, it is on privately owned land.
Other sites you may want to detour on when travelling the Golden Circle are the Sólheimar ecovillage, the Fontana Spa in Laugarvatn, the Secret Lagoon in Flúðir, and the Friðheimar tomato and horse farm.
Geology of Kerid
Kerið is approximately three thousand years old, making it roughly half the age of most volcanic calderas found in Iceland. This is the major reason as to why Kerið's slopes are red in colour, rather than a volcanic black; the iron deposits are, geologically speaking, fresh.
This vivid redness is part of the appeal of visiting this crater. The crimson rocks contrast dramatically with their surroundings, particularly the intense azure colour of the waters within the crater lake, and the verdant bursts of vegetation.
Kerið is approximately 55 metres (180 feet) deep, 170 metres (558 feet) wide and 270 meters (886 feet) in circumference. It is possible to take a path right to the crater's edge, to fully encircle it, and to descend down to the pristine waters of the crater lake.
Many crater lakes can be found in nearby, a region known as Iceland's Western Volcanic Zone. The area surrounding it is of barren, stark lava fields, further illustrating the volcanism of the region.
Scientists believe that Kerið was once a cone-shaped volcano. Upon eruption, it is widely believed that the volcano depleted its magma reserve, causing the foundation to fall in upon itself and result in the formation it has today. Of course, this was two thousand years before settlement, so no one is quite certain.
At some point in the centuries following the collapse, Kerið crater filled with water. The resulting lake is between seven and fourteen metres deep, depending on the time of year and the amount of rainfall.
The reason why the lake is so vividly coloured is that of the minerals from the rocks, seeping into and dyeing the water the aquamarine colour for which it is renowned.키르큐펠,
Kirkjufell, or 'Church Mountain', is a distinctly shaped peak found on the north shore of Iceland's Snæfellsnes Peninsula, only a short distance away from the town of Grundarfjörður. It is often called 'the most photographed mountain in Iceland', due to its dramatic formation and perfect coastal location.
Kirkjufell takes its name from its resemblance to a church steeple, sharpened at the top with long curved sides. From other angles, the mountain has been compared to a witch's hat or even a freshly scooped ice cream.
Photography at Kirkjufell & Kirkjufellsfoss Waterfall
Peaking at 463 metres, 1519 feet, Kirkjufell is an impressive landmark. Throughout the centuries, Kirkjufell's striking slopes have acted as a visual landmark for seafarers and travellers. More recently, it has attracted amateur and professional photographers alike.
Within walking distance from Kirkjufell is the serene and perfectly located waterfall Kirkjufellsfoss, or 'Church Mountain Falls', an excellent subject for photographers who can easily frame the mountain in the background. Despite its relatively diminutive height, Kirkjufellsfoss' three-steps, gentle flow, and dramatic differences between seasons make it as impressive as some of Iceland's larger waterfalls.
At the base of the mountain, visitors will also be able to find a lake; on calm and clear days, this lake reflects a perfect mirror image of Kirkjufell, only adding to the fantastic photo opportunities around this area.
On top of that, the colours of Kirkjufell change with the passing seasons; the summer sees it a lush green, full of life, whilst the winter months scar the mountain's face with a mask of barren brown and white. Of course, it is more impressive under the midnight sun in the weeks surrounding the June equinox, and under the northern lights, best seen between September and April.
Fans of the HBO series Game of Thrones will recognise Kirkjufell as a shooting location from Season 7 of Game of Thrones. The mountain is showcased from the scenes 'North beyond the Wall' when Jon Snow, The Hound and Jorah Mormont, amongst others, brave the wilderness in hopes of catching an undead wight.
Having seen it in a vision, The Hound acknowledges Kirkjufell as "[...] the mountain like an arrowhead", and the events that happen beneath it are some of the show's most dramatic.
Hiking Kirkjufell
There is a fairly steep trail to the top of Kirkjufell, from where there are magnificent panoramas of the surrounding fields, coastlines and rivers. The mountain takes roughly an hour and a half to ascend, with another one and a half hours needed to get back to the bottom.
Given the steep elevation and treacherous trail, you should only hike Kirkjufell if you are a very experienced and confident mountain climber, preferably in the company of an expert guide. Sadly, there have been three fatal accidents on the mountain, most recently in 2018.
Getting to Kirkjufell
Kirkjufell is extremely close to Grundarfjörður, a small town on the Snæfellsnes Peninsula, which is just over two hours drive from Iceland's capital city, Reykjavík. From Grundarfjörður, one travels a few minutes west down Route Snaefellsnesvegur 54 to the base of Kirkjufell. Visitors have plenty of parking space to choose from, all free of charge.스나이펠스요쿨 국립공원,
Snæfellsjökull National Park is found on the tip of theSnæfellsnes Peninsula and is one of three National Parks in Iceland. It is named after its crowning glacier and volcano.
Established in 2001, it is neither the oldest nor the largest National Park; those honours go to Þingvellirand Vatnajökull respectively. Within its borders, however, it has a wealth of sites for visitors to enjoy.
Features in Snæfellsjökull National Park
Snæfellsjökull National Park's main feature is obviously the sub-glacial volcano Snæfellsjökull. This twin-peaked phenomenon is at the tip of the peninsula, and visible across Faxaflói Bay from Reykjavík on clear days.
It has inspired artists and writers for centuries. Most famously, it was the primary setting for the Jules Verne novel 'A Journey to the Centre of the Earth' and the Halldór Laxness novel 'Christianity Beneath the Glacier'. Beyond its inspiration to artists, the site also provides adventure to thrill-seekers; it is a popular place for both glacier hiking and super jeep tours.
Another feature within the National Park is the Buðahraun lava field, which encircles the glacier. This moss-coated terrain gives the area a haunting, otherworldly air, especially when grey or snow-coated in the winter months.
The coastline is also worthy of some time sightseeing; the beaches of Djúpalónssandur and Skarðsvík have fascinating geology, beautiful seascapes, and interesting histories. The Lóndrangar basalt fortress, however, is perhaps the most dramatic and picturesque example.
A final feature of the National Park is its lava caves. While most of these are inaccessible, you can take tours into Vatnshellir throughout summer.
Features Around Snæfellsjökull National Park
Snæfellsjökull National Park is adjacent to Arnarstapiand Hellnar on its south, and Hellissandur and Ríf on its north, all historic fishing villages that have managed to preserve the old culture of the peninsula when it was Iceland's trading hub. All four of these settlements have options for accommodation.
Within an hour of driving, it is possible to reach many other sites of Snæfellsnes. These include the second most defining mountain on the peninsula, Mount Kirkjufell; Ytri Tunga, a seal-watching beach; and Rauðfeldsgjá, a mightily impressive gorge that slices into a mountainside.Faxi,
Credit: Wikimedia, Creative Commons. Photo by Kkaefer.
Faxi is a wide, serene waterfall in South Iceland. It can be found in the Tungufljót River.
Faxi and the Golden Circle
Faxi falls is approximately twelve kilometres (seven miles) away from Gullfoss and Geysir, two incredibly popular attractions on the Golden Circle. It is thus easy to detour from these for one extra attraction, and extend a day out.
Some guided Golden Circle tours also promise an extra stop here.
Gullfoss, otherwise known as the Golden Waterfall, is 32 metres (105 feet) tall, falling in two tiers into a beautiful canyon. It is fed by the Hvíta River, which is one of the most popular rivers for rafting in the country, accessible for novices.
Though more powerful and dramatic than Faxi, it has less of its serenity, and there are usually much bigger crowds at Gullfoss.
Geysir, meanwhile, is a geothermal area that, as its name suggests, is home to geysers. The most active of these, Strokkur, erupts to heights of up to forty metres (131 feet) every ten minutes or so.
Geysir itself has been inactive for the past few years, only going off sporadically. The area is also home to many fumaroles, hot-springs and mud-pits.
The final site of the Golden Circle, Þingvellir National Park, is a little further away, but still well worth the visit. This location sits directly between the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates, in the Mid-Atlantic Rift, and is an oasis of beautiful lava landscapes, forest and crystal clear streams.
This location is also a historical centre, being home to the original site of the world's longest-running parliament. Icelanders formed it here in 930 AD, before much of the rest of Europe had even starting thinking about representative democracies.
The Golden Circle is as close to an essential-Icelandic experience there is, and Faxi is a perfect addition to extend the day.
Activities at Faxi
Photo Credit: Callie Reed
Hiking through the countryside around Faxi waterfall is a pleasure. Many Icelandic horses and a wealth of birdlife can be expected in summer. The area also draws those who enjoy salmon fishing, and the falls is pregnant with them.
Although it is not particularly rapid, kayaking and rafting are banned here. As mentioned, Hvíta is the rafting river of the area.
A restaurant stands on site, where guests can enjoy lunch with a beautiful view.
Other detours from the Golden Circle
The Golden Circle only takes approximately half a day to traverse if travelling from Reykjavík. There are thus many sites, alongside Faxi, that visitors could add to their sightseeing journey if travelling alone.
Those seeking relaxation and rejuvenation could enjoy the Fontana Spa at Laugarvatn, or else the secret lagoon at Flúðir. Those interest in culture could see the eco village Sólheimar, the historical settlement of Skálholt or else the greenhouses and horses at Friðheimar.
There are also many activities to be had in the area, such as snorkelling in Silfra, snowmobiling on Langjökull, or river-rafting (in summer).
A comprehensive list of detours can be found on this site.론드란가르,
The Lóndrangar basalt cliffs are amongst the many geological wonders of the Snæfellnes peninsula.
Geology of Lóndrangar
Once a volcanic crater, all that remains after aeons of ocean battering are two great pillars upon a cliff, one 75 metres (246 ft) high and the other 61 metres (200 ft).
Their dramatic scale has earned this incredible formation the nickname 'the rocky castle.'
The cliffs can be accessed easily from the Visitor's Centre, through fields of mossy lava, but they can also be seen from the sea. Surfing is relatively popular in the area and doing so in the shadows of these great peaks only adds to the experience.
Folklore of Lóndrangar
The surrounding lands are steeped in folklore; farmers have never made use of the fields around the Lóndrangar basalt cliffs due to the elves that are rumoured to live there.
Nearby, at Þúfubjarg, another cliff on the Snӕfellsnes Peninsula, it was said that the poet Kolbeinn Jöklaskáld met the devil and struck a deal with him.디우팔론산두르,
Djúpalónssandur is an arched-shaped bay of dark cliffs and black sand, located on the Snæfellsnes Peninsula in western Iceland.
History & Monuments
The location was once home to a prosperous fishing village, similar to other abandoned hamlets and ports of the area such as Búðir and Hellnar. These thrived back when the Snæfellsnes Peninsula functioned as one of the most active trading posts of the island, but now are simply centres for tourism.
Fascinating remnants of this period are found in the form of four ancient lifting stones that still occupy the beach. The stones range in weight from 23 kg (50 lbs) to 155 kg (342 lbs) and were used to test the strength of fishermen. Their names are Amlóði (useless), Hálfdrættingur (weakling), Hálfsterkur (half-strong) and Fullsterkur (full-strong). Even today, you can see how you would have fared working on Iceland's dangerous seas by trying your luck at lifting these stones.
In 1948, the English trawler Epine GY 7 from Grimsby shipwrecked on the shore, with fourteen dead and five survivors. The rusty iron remains of the vessel remain scattered on the beach, now protected as a monument to those who perished.
Environment & Surroundings
The Snæfellsnes Peninsula boasts countless natural wonders, where locals and travellers both flock on a daily basis to enjoy the unique landscape and stunning coastlines. Djúpalónssandur's black pebble beach is particularly stunning with its rocky coastal lava formations, which include a large lava rock with a hole in the middle through which you can directly spot the Snæfellsjökull glacier volcano.
Behind the rocks are two freshwater lagoons called Djúpulón and Svörtulón, with the former serving as the namesake of the bay. Though believed in olden times to be bottomless, the water bodies were later revealed to reach the depth of just five metres.
Lagoons such as these are held in high regard amongst the Icelandic people, and Svörtulón is thought to possess healing properties, especially after having been blessed by Bishop Guðmundur góði ('the good') in the late 1100s.
A natural monument of the area is Söngklettur, or "singing rock", a large lava rock with a reddish hue that resembles an elfish church. Other rock formations of folklorish appeal rest close by, including the alleged trolls-turned-to-stone Kerling and Lóndrangar.
When visiting Djúpalónssandur, take heed that these are treacherous waters and the Atlantic Ocean's powerful suction can easily carry you out to sea. This beach is not one for wading, but enjoying from a safe distance, especially if the weather is stormy.
The video below shows the power and shocking speed of sneaker waves that occur at locations such as Djúpalónssandur and Reynisfjara in the south.
The glistening pebbles that make up the beach known as Djúpalónsperlur, or "pearls of the deep lagoon", are gorgeous to look at and might seem appealing to stone collectors, but they are protected by law and should not be removed from the area by visitors.Efstidalur,
Efstidalur is a farm that holds a hotel, cafe, and restaurant.
Facilities at Efstidalur
Efstidalur is primarily a dairy farm, run by four siblings and their families; it has been in their family for generations. Recently, it has become more focused on tourism, with people coming to see horses and enjoy the facilities.
With both a restaurant and ice cream barn, it is a perfect place to stop for refreshment. Efstidalur is the embodiment of 'farm-to-table' living, with the meat, dairy and vegetables either grown here or nearby.
There is also a hotel on site, with everything from twin to family rooms. The guests will have access to a hot tub, and are welcome to play with the dogs, horses and cows that make Efstidalur their home.
The hotel has beautiful views over the surrounding farmlands and mountains.
Horses can be rented from the farm for those who want to roam the idyllic countryside in an unconventional way.
Those interested in Icelandic agriculture can learn here about how farms survived the brutal Icelandic climate (to say nothing of the regular eruptions) and how national food items such as Skyr yoghurt is produced.
Sites surrounding Efstidalur
Located on the Golden Circle route, Efstidalur is within easy reach of some of the country's most popular sites. These include Gullfoss, the iconic waterfall, Geysir, the geyser which leant all others their name, and Þingvellir National Park, a site of historic and geological wonder.
Those who want to dip into a pool can do so at Laugarvatn and Flúðir, for the Fontana Spa and Secret Lagoon respectively.
For those self-driving this tourist trail, therefore, Efstidalur is a great place to stop for a snack, meal, horseback ride, or just for a greeting with some gorgeous animals.Ytri Tunga Beach,
Credit: Wikimedia, Creative Commons. Photo by pjt56.
Ytri Tunga is a beach by a farm of the same name on the Snæfellsnes Peninsula. Unlike many of the beaches in Iceland, Ytri Tunga has golden sand, rather than black.
Seal Watching at Ytri Tunga
Alongside Jökulsárlón glacier lagoon and the Vatnsnes Peninsula, Ytri Tunga is the most reliable place in Iceland to see seals.
Just offshore, on some rocks protruding from the water, at least a few individuals from the local colony can be seen hauling out all throughout the year. The best time to see them, however, is in the summer months.
The seals that haul out here are Harbour Seals, one of the two common species found in Iceland. The other is the Grey Seal. In spite of what many think, Iceland no longer is home to walruses, although they are spotted in the Westfjords on rare occasions. Other visiting species include Hooded Seals and Ringed Seals.
Seals and Icelanders have had an interesting relationship over the past millennium. Seals, of course, were vital to their survival, due to their meaty bodies, fat for oil, and their waterproof hides, but also appeared in folklore as mysterious and beautiful selkies. Most other Nordic countries depicted Selkies as evil, but not Iceland.
More recently, seals have been killed for fashion and due to their impact on fisheries, as they often damage nets and equipment as they steal catches. Today, however, most Icelanders see seals as a beautiful addition to the culture of the nature rather than a pest or a pelt, and encourage visitors to enjoy viewing them.
On this site, you can find an article about seals in Iceland.
Getting to Ytri Tunga
Ytri Tunga is easy to reach from Reykjavík. By driving the Ring Road north, you will eventually reach the Snӕfellsnes Peninsula. Take the road along its south side, and about halfway down, you will come across a small sign pointing to Ytri Tunga Beach.
Here, there is a carpark, an information sign, and a small path leading to the viewing area. When watching the seals, it is important to give them space, as they can be dangerous if frightened, and to keep the noise respectfully low.남부해안
The South Coast of Iceland is one of the most popular parts of the country for travellers. South Iceland is lined with countless natural wonders including cascading waterfalls, volcanoes, glaciers and black sand beaches.
This incredible South Shore of Iceland stretches from the greater Reykjavík area in the west to the magnificent Jökulsárlón glacier lagoon in the east. It's possible to incorporate a trip to The Golden Circle before heading South. This is another popular area with visitors to Iceland. Here you can see Þingvellir (or Thingvellir) National Park, the Geysir geothermal area, a volcanic crater called Kerið, and one of Iceland's biggest waterfalls; Gulfoss.
Highlights of the South Coast of Iceland
The South Coast offers an array of natural wonders that draw thousands of visitors each day.
The whole area is geologically very young, formed during the last Ice Age by the lava flows from numerous volcanoes in the area. The lowlands are surrounded by volcanically active mountains, notably Eyjafjallajökull and Hekla. If you stop at Hveragerði, you can visit the Quake 2008 exhibition where you can witness the split in the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates.
In terms of culture in the South, it is rich and diverse. Most towns have amateur groups for theatre, poetry reading, and choir song. Community is a big part of an Icelander's life and one of the key things that help them get through the winter months. The South was once home to the ancient bishop seat of Skálholt. Also, Iceland's most famous saga, Njal's Saga, takes place in the region.
When driving the South Coast route from Reykjavík city, the first major features are the two great waterfalls of Seljalandsfoss and Skógafoss. These falls which sit beneath the notorious subglacial volcano, Eyjafjallajökull. On clear days, the Westman Islands can be seen across the ocean from these beautiful cascades. Less than a kilometre from Seljalandsfoss is the hidden gem of Gljúfrabúi waterfall.
Skógar, which is home to Skogafoss waterfall, has a very interesting museum that discusses some of the nation's history and culture. One of Iceland's most famous hiking trails, Fímmvörðuháls, cuts through the area and is worth the walk if you have time.
A little further down the route is the glacier Mýrdalsjökull glacier, which covers one of Iceland's most explosive volcanoes, Katla. Many glacier hikes are taken here upon the glacier tongue, Sólheimajökull.
This landscape has also been shaped by volcanic eruptions, although these were much more recent. Vast expanses of the black sand stretch from the Highlands to the sea, part of several glacial outwash plains that flood during a volcanic eruption. One such sandplain, Sólheimasandur, is home to a crashed DC-3 Plane Wreck.
The Dyrhólaey cliffs are next, home to many seabirds. Jutting out to sea is an enormous rock arch of the same name, which you can marvel at from many angles.
Adjacent to the village of Vík is the famous black-sand beach, Reynisfjara, which is home to basalt columns and the Reynisdrangar rock formations. These pillars are said to be two trolls frozen by the light of the sun.
Though beautiful, this area is notorious for its dangerous sneaker waves. Even on seemingly calm and still days, visitors should keep a distance from the shoreline. There are no landmasses between Reynisfjara beach and the continent of Antarctica, so you can imagine how the waves can build momentum.
After passing through Vík you will cross the glacial sandplain of Skeiðarársandur before entering Vatnajökull National Park. Here you can see Vatnajokull Glacier, Iceland's largest glacier. Many ice cave tours take place in Vatnajokull in the winter months.
Move on to the dramatic Skaftafell Nature Reserve in the National Park. Here you can enjoy a diversity of landscapes and terrains. The area was considered a National Park in its own right because it was so beautiful.
Finally, you will approach the famous Jokulsarlon glacier lagoon, a deep lake that fills with icebergs as the Breiðamerkurjökull glacier slowly breaks down. Here there are plenty of options for boat tours that take you around the lagoon and up close to icebergs. A short distance from Jökulsárlón you will find the Diamond Beach, where blue icebergs wash on the black-sand beach, and another glacier lagoon called Fjallsárlón.
Geography, Nature & Wildlife
The South Coast is the most easily accessible part of the country's southern region, found along the Ring Road (Route 1), which encircles Iceland. The area is made up of diverse landscapes; marshlands, bays, cultivated pastures, estuaries and black sand deserts.
Underneath the soil rests a vast lava field, known as Þjórsárhraun. Reaching several hundred metres offshore, it provides a protective factor to the lowland as ocean waves crash upon it. This results in the South Shore being unusually lacking in the deep fjords that so distinctly characterise the rest of Iceland's shoreline.
Unlike most early Icelandic settlements, few of the communities in the south were based on fishing. The only town with a significant harbour in the south is Þorlákshöfn, where the ferry to the Westman Islands leaves. Some agriculture is found here, with farms nestled in the mountains, but because of the glacial floods, they are few and far between.
There are, however, plenty of hot springs in the area. The most famous is the Blue Lagoon Spa which is close to Keflavik airport. The lagoon formed as a result of the overflow from a nearby power plant.
However, there are lots of natural geothermal hot springs in more remote locations, where you can avoid the crowds and have a more natural experience. Some of the spots travellers recommend are Seljavallalaug, which is close to Skogar, and Reykjadalur, the Valley of Steam, which is close to Hveragerði.
The South region boasts vibrant bird life during all seasons. Freshwater birds nest in the marshlands and around the estuaries, while seabirds flock around the cliffs of Reynisdrangar and Dyrhólaey.
You may be able to spot North Atlantic puffins nesting on the cliffs between May and August. In summer there are 2-3 times as many Arctic Tern as Icelanders so you are bound to spot some of them on your travels. Some species stay throughout the harsh Icelandic winter, including the northern diver, the loom and various species of gulls and ducks.
Seals are often found along the shore, particularly around the Jökulsárlón Glacier Lagoon and Diamond Beach. As with everywhere in Iceland, you should always keep an eye out to sea, as whales and dolphins reside all along its coastline.
In terms of sports; horse riding is popular, as is fishing, hiking, snorkelling, sightseeing and river rafting.
픽업 시작시간 : 08:00.
골든서클 미니버스 당일 투어
스나이펠스네스 미니버스 당일 투어
카틀라 얼음동굴 당일투어 - 장비 제공
픽업 및 복귀
영어 구사 가이드
케리드 분화구 호수 입장권
식사 및 간식
따듯하고 방수되는 복장
튼튼한 등산화
아이슬란드의 날씨는 아주 예측불가능하기 때문에, 추우면 겹쳐입고 더우면 벗을 수 있는 복장을 준비하셔야 합니다.
겨울철 아이슬란드 길은 미끄러우므로, 미끄럼방지 신발을 신거나 신발에 끼우는 아이스그립을 가져오시길 권장합니다. 아이슬란드 전역의 수퍼마켓과 주유소에서 아이스그립 구매가 가능합니다.
하루 일정
일정 1 - 골든 서클
오늘은 미니버스를 타고 골든 서클의 경이로운 풍경을 두 눈 가득 담아볼까요? 유명한 관광지인 골든 서클은 싱벨리르 국립공원, 게이시르 지열지대, 굴포스 폭포로 구성되어 있습니다. 이 외에도 인근에 자리잡은 비교적 덜 알려진 관광 명소도 방문할 예정입니다.
아이슬란드 의회의 탄생지 싱벨리르 국립 공원부터 둘러볼까요? 천년 전 바이킹 정착민들이 모여 나라를 다스릴 법안을 정했던 곳이자 독특한 지질학적 특징으로 잘 알려진 곳이에요. 두 지각판이 서로 천천히 벌어지며 생긴 깊은 협곡 위에 자리잡고 있어, 크고 작은 골짜기들이 이 지역을 아름답게 수 놓고 있습니다.
그 다음 향할 곳은 굴포스 폭포입니다. 아이슬란드에서 두 번째로 큰 빙하인 랑요쿨(Langjökull)에서 흘러 나온 빙하수가 고대에 생성된 깊은 계곡으로 떨어지기 전에 다양한 층을 따라 흘러내리는 풍경을 만날 수 있는 곳이에요. 두 곳의 전망대에서 바라다보면 아름다운 폭포의 전경을 전체적으로 조망할 수 있습니다. 골짜기 아래로 수 백만 리터의 빙하수가 우뢰와 같은 소리를 내며 흘러가는 모습을 감상해보세요!
골든 서클 지역에서 마지막으로 들를 곳은 게이시르 지열 지대입니다. 부글 부글 끓어오르는 진흙 구덩이, 온천과 솟아오르는 간헐천으로 가득 찬 곳이에요. 게이시르 스트로퀴르(Strokkur)는 몇 분마다 엄청난 양의 물기둥을 뿜어내니 놓치지 말고 꼭 감상해보세요. 스트로퀴르의 물줄기와 함께 찍은 셀카는 정말 멋진 기념품이 될 거예요.
레이캬비크로 돌아오기 전에 몇 군데 더 들릴 곳이 있습니다. 그 중 하나인 팍시 폭포는 많은 분들이 찾지 않는 숨겨진 보석 같은 존재예요. 굴포스 폭포처럼 크지는 않지만 두 폭포 모두 아름답고 고요한 풍경을 자랑합니다.
3천년 전 화산 폭발로 생성된 분화구 호수 케리드(Kerið)를 방문하는 건 어떨까요? 붉은 색의 분화구 내벽과 대조되는 신비스러운 하늘빛 물 색으로 유명한 곳이에요.
이날 저녁에는 레이캬비크로 돌아와 숙박합니다. 콤보 투어에 숙박은 포함되어 있지 않다는 점, 유의해주세요.
일정 2 - 스나이펠스네스 반도
오늘은 여러분을 아침 일찍 픽업해서 아름다운 스나이펠스네스 반도로 향할 예정입니다. 다양한 풍경과 지형을 한 곳에서 만날 수 있어 '아이슬란드의 축소판'이라는 별명을 갖고 있는 곳이에요. 산 봉우리 위 거대한 빙하가 여러분을 내려다 보는 가운데 아름다운 해변, 그림 같은 해안선, 매력적인 어촌 마을을 돌아보는 멋진 하루가 될 거예요!
가장 먼저 들를 곳은 이트리 퉁가(Ytri-Tunga) 해변입니다. 아이슬란드의 다른 해변과 달리 이 곳의 모래는 검은색이 아닌 흰색 또는 금색을 띄고 있습니다. 남쪽의 팍사플로이(Faxaflói) 만 쪽을 바라보는 풍경은 경이로움 그 자체예요. 스나이펠스네스 반도 이곳 저곳으로 드러나는 아름다운 산등성이 함께 스나이펠스요쿨(Snæfellsjökull) 빙하의 모습까지 볼 수 있습니다. 해안에서는 모래사장에서 편안하게 쉬는 물개들의 모습도 만나보세요!
이제 고즈넉하고 아름다운 작은 어촌 마을 아르나르스타피(Arnarstapi)에 들러볼까요? 사랑스러운 주택들과 그림처럼 아름다운 해안을 감상한 후, 검은 자갈 해변인 디우팔론산뒤르(Djúpalónssandur)로 향합니다. 용암이 굳어 생성된 화산암 미로를 해변으로 가며 아름다운 풍경을 감상해보세요.
미국 드라마 왕좌의 게임(Game of Thrones)의 팬이라면 다음에 들릴 곳을 알아보실텐데요, 바로 화살촉처럼 뾰족하게 생긴 키르큐펠(Kirjufell) 산입니다. 바로 드라마 속에서 "북벽"이란 이름으로 등장하는 산이에요. 아름다운 키르큐펠 산과 인근의 폭포를 배경으로 경이로운 아이슬란드 대자연의 모습을 사진으로 담아보세요!
가는 길에 몇 곳에 더 들러 아이슬란드의 대자연이 선산하는 다양하고 다채로운 풍경을 감상한 후, 저녁에는 레이캬비크의 숙소로 돌아가는 일정입니다.
일정 3 - 카틀라 얼음 동굴
투어 3일째가 밝았습니다! 아침 일찍 일어나 평생 잊지 못할 모험을 향해 떠나볼까요? 오늘은 아름다운 아이슬란드의 남부 해안을 여행하며 미르달스요쿨 빙하로 향해, 천연 얼음 동굴을 탐험하려고 합니다.
빙하로 향하는 글에 에이야퍄들라요쿨(Eyjafjallajökull) 화산 빙하에서 흘러나온 빙하수가 수원인 아름다운 셀랴란드스포스 폭포에 들러보려 합니다. 오목하게 파인 절벽에서 물이 떨어지기 때문에, 작은 오솔길을 따라가면 떨어지는 폭포수 뒤편을 지나갈 수 있습니다.
미르달스요쿨 빙하로 향하는 길에 검은 화산암 모래 평원을 지나게 될 거예요. 동행하는 투어 가이드가 카틀라 산의 마녀에 대한 전설과 함께 주변 환경에 대해 재미있는 정보들을 알려드립니다. 빙하에 도착하면 아이젠과 헬멧을 착용한 후, 가이드와 함께 동굴 속으로 들어갑니다. 동굴에 들어선 순간, 반짝거리는 푸르른 얼음 벽에 새겨진 검은 화산재 띠가 보일 거예요. 동굴 내부에는 판타지 소설에 나올듯한 얼음 조각들과 눈부시게 아름다운 터널들이 등장합니다. 멋진 인생 사진을 남겨보세요!
동굴에서 멋진 시간을 보낸 후 차를 타고 레이캬비크로 돌아오는 일정입니다.
고객 작성 후기
아직 작성된 후기/평점이 없습니다,

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Why do licensed acupuncturists look at your tongue? Well, the condition of your health can be instantly summed up with this indispensable diagnostic tool. Things like poor digestion, insomnia, edema and internal organ dysfunction can be quickly detected. Chinese tongue diagnosis has been employed as far back as 1066 B.C.
Tongue Color
The tongue color reflects the condition of a person. A healthy tongue should look pink, not too red and not too pale. In Chinese medicine we diagnose in climatic terms, so is a person hot, cold, dry or damp? Redness would indicate heat or inflammation. A pale tongue could indicate cold, or Qi (vital life energy) deficiency or blood deficiency.
Organ Zones On the Tongue
There are also certain zones on the tongue that correspond to major organs. The tip corresponds to heart, the sides are associated with liver, the middle is stomach and spleen. The rear of the tongue is intestines and kidneys. Often in our clinic we will see redness in the heart area which may indicate insomnia. Or redness on the sides show a problem with the liver. This pattern is seen often with people under a great deal of stress, headaches and neck and shoulder tension.
Moisture of the Tongue
We also look for the wetness or dryness of the tongue. If a pale tongue is also dry, it is blood deficiency. This is more common in women. Symptoms may manifest as dizziness, poor memory, insomnia and scanty periods. If the tongue is pale and wet, it is deficient yang which manifests as feeling cold, poor appetite, bloating, loose stools and/or fatigue.
If the area around the edges of the tongue are swollen and the body of the tongue is puffy with teeth marks on the sides, then the person is retaining water.
National "Stick Out Your Tongue Day"
Our Minneapolis acupuncture clinic is celebrating National Tongue Day. If you are a new patient, give us a call by August 3rd and we will give you $25 off your first acupuncture session. Includes exam, health history, diagnosis and treatment. Call us at 952-831-8080 or go to our contact page. Or visit www.orientalmedcare.com .


text:
How did you dress up today? Did you spend a lot of time trying out different outfits in front of a huge mirror, or simply put on the first thing you have found in your wardrobe? Do you spend a lot of time figuring out what fits best for you – and how do you want to look in front of others? Studies show, that our outfit is the first thing other people judge about us – therefore we have to be sure that the impression we leave is positive (I guess no one would want otherwise). Yet what does your clothing style say about you and your personality?
Classical style
A person, who likes to dress up in an official (or simply called "office") style, can definitely called to be a goal-reacher. Women who like to dress up in a strict office style are usually tend to be very career-oriented and a strict. A disadvantage of dressing up in a classical style is, that it might make you look too strict. Do you recall Barney from "How I Met Your Mother"? That's a perfect example of why the suit doesn't always fit (even though he thinks it does)…
Sporty style
You probably are full of energy, easy-going and self-confident person. Usually men, who tend to dress up in sporty style, do not like official (or classical) style at all, since they hate uncomfortable clothes and ties. A sport is probably a big part of your life and that is why such people usually seem to be full of energy yet rushing somewhere. The disadvantage of sporty style is looking too vain and without any imagination since you choose pre-made, comfy yet not extremely good-looking clothes.
Romantic style
Without a doubt, a person wearing romantic, lacey clothes can be described as passionate and feeling-driven. A woman, wearing girly and romantic clotes is definitely feminine, and wants to love and be loved. She is also most likely a little naive and believes in a lifelong love. Disadvantage: there's a very tiny line between looking "inviting" and romantic and too sweet.
Simple style (so called "no style" style)
Even though in the very beginning it might seem that you do not really care about how you look like and simply put the first thing you found in a wardrobe, you probably are simply too busy to think about it. "No style" style adorers are simple humble people who are still in search of themselves.
Colourful or bright style
You most likely are the one who's following trends. You like to provoke with your appearance. It could seem that you might be too self-confident and cheeky, yet you have a really good taste and pay attention to what kind of accessories do have and use. Yet you probably have a big heart and know how to feel and look good.
Bohemia – style
You are either an artist, or an art-lover. You must be an adventurous and courageous person. You know that home-made accessories have a certain meaning and you wear them with a pleasure. You how to free your thoughts and how to show that you are free and have your own world. You must be creative!


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Opinion Journal: Eric Holder's Comeuppance
Manhattan Institute Senior Fellow Jason Riley on the Department of Justice's climbdown in the Trayvon Martin and Michael Brown investigations. Photo credit: Getty Images.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... the Justice Department announced this week that it will not be filing federal charges against George Zimmerman for the death ... of Trayvon Martin ... Institute Senior Fellow Jason Riley a Wall Street Journal contributor and the author please stop helping us ... joins me now Jason ... why was the DOJ even conducting this federal investigation in the first place ... I think those politically motivated ... it was a parallel investigation and none ... of them is nothing there ... is anyone was acquitted in state court he was acquitted of they had nothing ... to go after supper headlines I think that's what the ... administration is looking for Rylan up that space is now UMNO and in this morning's Wall Street Journal The talks about another case ... in Ferguson where the Fed certain dignity get there not enough I'll federal charges in that case either is this the Downing after all course it happened ... again this is another politically motivated parallel investigation the state local authorities have already looked into this matter ... in the case of ... a Ferguson of grand jury had had had had cleared ... the officer Karen Wilson and ... and what Opel what aam Eric Holder has announced now ... and this is where the pattern comes in ... he's threatening to sue the city ... of Ferguson ... and ... Leigh Howard is going up to the police department wide web sites posted achieved well under federal law under federal law passed after the Rodney King incident in the mid nineties in the early nineties I should say ... aam the federal government can look at these departments across the country ... for patterns and practices of of civil rights violations and so what ... Holder's been doing is going from state to state city the city ... suing police department or more specifically threatening to sue police departments which then allows him to work out a settlement ... that gives federal oversight ... of the police department ... to do aam to to lawyers and the Justice Department especially who have no background on what the heck adjusts the start of lawyers know about exactly exactly and that's where the problems with that the other problem with that of course is that aam ... the problem in the city's when it comes to crime ... is not the Karen Wilson it's the it's the Michael Brown ... in other words this is going after I'm of the wrong party in what's driving ... the problems in these communities seasonal so patronizing to black Americans to suggest that ... they're not responsible for their personally have nearly ... in half to the federal government coming in to police police department I think it is passionate thing aam and it sends the wrong message ... to these young black men who are committing so much for this violent crime and it's making excuses ... for them and so simply condemning ... this behavior and to the extent that it's a good result in less aggressive what's effective policing ... you're going to end up with with more from its debt that endangers everybody but especially the Special Report community expects the parklands because those are the victims


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The Clippers Restaurant
26 High Street, Penicuik EH26 8HW
Tel: 01968 679977
Evening News Awards
Mohammed (pictured here) was the recipient of two Evening News
Best of Edinburgh Awards in June 2011. He received the Community
Award and the Best Food Take Away Award.
Mohammed, owner of the Clippers Indian restaurant, Penicuik,
Midlothian scooped 'Best Community Contribution Award 2010'. The
winners have been announced in a ceremony was held at the
Holyrood Road, head office of the newspaper on 11th August 2010.
The categories included Best Community Contribution, Best Hibs and
Hearts Fan, Best Post Office, Best Bar and Best Fish & Chip Shop.
The top three nominees of each category were attended to the
ceremony. The winner of the Best Community Contribution award
received more than 3000 nominations while more than 14,000 votes
were cast by readers in all categories.
Mohammed Liton, Member of Edinburgh Bangladesh Association, has
raised more than £3000 for a number of causes, including the
Edinburgh Sick Kids hospital and children's cancer charity Clic
Sargent in collaboration with local girl Chirsty Harrison who was
diagnosed with cancer several years ago. The charity money was
raised mainly by holding charity dinners in Clippers restaurant and
donating 50 per cent of the takings.
Mr Liton, 45, is a devoted sponsor of many of local civic events,
including Penicuik's
annual gala day, and
each year raises funds for the Penicuik on Parade donating
50% of the Indian Tapas evening takings (£400)
He has also recently sponsored the Beeslack Thistle Football
Club, Air Training Corps, Eskmill Boys Club, Beeslack All Stars
Disabled Sports Club, March Burn Playgroup, Penicuik Hearts
Supporters Club, Penicuik Athletic FC and Penicuik Rugby
Philanthropist Mr Liton is always keen to lend a hand with
fundraising efforts for deserving causes and even invites
primary school kids to his restaurant, The Clippers, to learn the
Bangladeshi culture through cuisine and skills of cooking.
Mr Liton said, ''I'm very excited to have won. I'm really proud
and honoured for this
recognition by Penicuik community. I love my local people and I
like to help them as much as I can. I also express my gratitude and
thanks my customers, colleagues those have been worked hard to
make all charity event success''
Commenting on this awards Evening News quoted - '' They were
created to honour people in the Lothians who go above and
beyond the call of duty for their community - and those who
provide the best pints and fish suppers''.
Tom Little, editor of the Evening News, said: "We created the Best
of . . . awards to offer a pat on the back to those who do good
things at the heart of the communities of Edinburgh and the
Mohammed Liton was born in 1964 in Gourkaran, Kulaura in
Moulvibazar district. He is the son of Dr Abdus Sahid (Rtd Post
Master). Mr Liton's early education was begun in Juri primary School and completed Secondary Education
in N C High School Kulaura, higher secondary education in Kulaura Degree College. On completion of his
commerce degree course in Kulaura Degree College he went to
USA to study BBA at Wilkinson University in 1987. Father of three
Mr Liton from Craigmount, Edinburgh moved to the UK in 1990.
After a while he settled in Edinburgh and opened his own business
in Penicuik in 1997. In the meantime, he gained useful experience
working in different places. He also volunteered with Citizen Advice
Bureau and helped many Bangladesh people from his voluntary
He wishes to expand his charitable work elsewhere in Bangladesh.
In particularly, he has a vision to promote education across
disadvantageous rural area of Kulaura in Bangladesh.
Penicuik on Parade 2012
Mohammed and Sir John Clark
were the judges for this year's
Penicuik on Parade and
presented the awards (See
below - click on photos to
A La Carte Menu/Take away
Lunch Menu
A La Carte/Take Away
Tandoori dishes
Clippers Specialities
Clippers Classics
Byriani/Fish dishes
Set Dinners
Lunch Menu


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Digital Phosphor Oscilloscopes
User Manual
This TDS3000C series user manual explains how to operate the oscilloscope and includes installation procedures. It also provides information about features and functions.
This manual applies to:TDS3012C, TDS3014C, TDS3032C, TDS3034C, TDS3052C, TDS3054C
- Manual Type: Primary User
- Part Number: 071230805
- Release Date:
By downloading, you agree to the terms and conditions of the Manuals Download Agreement.


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Tuesday, September 1, 2015
Vanilla, Rum, and Salted Cashew Shake
Posted by Victoria at 7:00 AM
Summer isn't over yet! Milkshakes are still totally acceptable drinks/desserts/snacks for any occasion. With Labor Day barbecues in the forecast this upcoming weekend, I can't imagine anything more decadent to serve alongside your burgers than this spiked, nutty milkshake.
Hailing from the ultimate milkshake book, this vanilla, rum, and salted cashew shake is quite the treat. Intense vanilla flavor sets the base, from both French vanilla ice cream and pure vanilla extract. Creamy cashew butter takes this milkshake to the next level, along with a fun rim of crushed salted cashews. Add a generous splash of rum, and this is an adult-friendly treat is ready to go!
I rarely make milkshakes (mainly due to guilt), but on the occasions when I do indulge, they really have to wow me. Otherwise it's not worth all those calories. This milkshake really is a treat. Cashews are probably my favorite nuts, so having them shine in this boozy milkshake is fantastic.
Vanilla, Rum, and Salted Cashew Shake
Makes about 3 1/2 cups (28 ounces)
(From Thoroughly Modern Milkshakes)
1/2 cup (about 3 ounces/85 grams) salted cashews
1/4 cup cold whole or lowfat milk (about 2 ounces)
1/4 cup dark or amber rum (about 2 ounces)
1/4 teaspoon pure vanilla extract
6 tablespoons cashew butter (about 3 1/2 ounces/100 grams)
Pinch of salt
8 medium scoops French vanilla ice cream (about 1 quart/24 ounces/680 grams), softened until just melty around the edges
Finely crush the cashews, moisten the rims of your glasses and dip them into the crushed nuts so they adhere like the salt on the rim of a Margarita glass.
Place the milk, rum, vanilla extract, cashew butter, and salt in a blender and blend to mix thoroughly, about 30 seconds.
Add the ice cream and pulse several times to begin breaking it up. With the blender motor off, use a flexible spatula to mash the mixture down onto the blender blades. Continue pulsing, stopping, and mashing until the mixture is well blended, thick, and moves easily in the blender jar, roughly 30 to 90 seconds. Pour into prepared glasses and serve at once.
Vanilla, Rum, and Salted Cashew Shake
dessert | drinks | ice cream/sorbet | nuts | recipes |
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This velodrome is known for its iconic sweeping roof and the fastest track on the planet but this special venue offers more than cycling. Sure to inspire and impress, this is a show stopping base for your next event.
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Enjoy time away from the office with a team cycling activity
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Build rafts, tackle rapids or race across inflatables as a team.


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With its curved street, houses dotted along the block, and traffic racing through the area, finding parking at 3101 Kingsbridge Terrace is not always easy.
Keeping that in mind, who would give up valuable parking space simply to create a garden and playground? The Kingsbridge Heights Community Center would. And they did.
Last week, the center celebrated the opening of its new community garden and playground on what was formerly a nearly half-acre parking lot.
"It's beautiful," said Yeniset Estrella, who was part of the community center's parent committee and is now in her first year as a board member. "It means the kids could explore, (teach) the little ones to love the Earth. You (are) teaching them to care, not to step on flowers."
Estrella has been active with the center since her daughter — now 21 — was a toddler. What was once meant to be a place to store cars, now parents can use the location as a place to talk after dropping off their children, she said.
The garden is part of the community center's effort not just to focus on wellness, but to create a peaceful space for the community.
"We also want to be sure we are creating a space for children with special needs (and) those who have been exposed to trauma to make sure they have a space that has privacy," said Margaret Della, the center's executive director.
The transformed parking lot also gives the center additional space, which Della said its needs. The center serves more than 4,500 families each year. The garden and playground provide a location where "kids can be kids," providing a safe and open environment.
The outdoor setting also provides a relaxed setting to work for its children and young adult programming.
"We really want to make sure that everyone has access," said William Littleton, the center's director of development. "So, we've got disability access. We've got raised garden beds for people in wheelchairs to garden. Our sexual assault and violence abuse service now has an outdoor space to do therapy."
The garden also is a way to foster a healthier eating lifestyle and better nutritional habits to the community, showing ways to prepare the items.
"We basically live in a food desert here," said Lisa Lindvall, the center's board chair. "It gives me a real thrill when I see kids who taste a real strawberry for the first time. Or, they pull a carrot up and they have no clue what is at the end of the green leaves."
The center, which grows foods like kale, eggplant and squash, incorporates the harvest as part of the more than 400 meals it prepares for students each week, Littleton said.
Students and interns at the center along with community student service learning groups will maintain the eight rectangular-shaped planting beds.
Organizers also are looking into ideas on how to bring more community members into the community center, which could include planting plots, or yoga and tai chi classes, Della said.
The community center received a $65,000 grant from an anonymous donor for the project. They worked with the New York Restoration Project, a nonprofit that transforms open or underutilized areas into green spaces.
For access to the garden and playground, which sits behind a gate, community members should register through the center's website. The address is KHCC-nyc.org/visit-our-garden.
While the community center's staff no longer has use of the lot, there is still some parking available. Workers can park on the street, or a 10-minute walk away at the center's second location at 295 W. 231st St.
For Estrella, the garden essentially means one thing — another sign the Kingsbridge Heights Community Center is truly interested in the area, and wants to do even more to help residents.