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The Culture, Traditions, and Heritage of Vanuatu
The culture of Vanuatu is a little complicated. It has survived generations of strong foreign influence retaining local diversities but variations have penetrated. There are differences, even at one island, that make it hard to identify the dominant culture in the country. There are those who follow matriarchal rules while patriarchal rules are also practiced. Leadership can be attained through advancement in their men's societies, personal abilities, or simply by inheriting a chiefly title.
The different regions in the country offer different kinds of cultures. For example, in the North, the wealth of a person is not measured in how much a person has but on how much one can give away. In the Central region, Melanesian cultural systems are prevalent while in the South region, leadership and privileges that comes with it are given to men with titles.
In Vanuatu, a pig with rounded tusks is regarded as a symbol for good wealth. Men have to undergo a coming-of-age ceremony as a ritual for initiation for manhood. It is also the time they usually have their circumcision. The men have a meeting point called "nakamal" in most villages. It is also where they gather to drink their kava. There are sections in their villages that are for male or female only.
Marriages in Vanuatu are mostly fixed giving them a high marriage rate. Marriage is an important event to continue good relations to their own kin groups and also for the exchange of goods. Husbands and wives sleep apart during the menstrual period of the wife. Marriages can be religious, civil or customary. Vanuatu has a very low divorce rate. Sports are very popular all throughout the country. Cricket is played by the entire nation. They have at least 8,000 registered cricket players already. Rugby is also quite popular. Women play volleyball while most men play soccer.


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For the past two years I've carried a camera with me everywhere I go. This camera was for the sole purpose of food pictures, and only once in a big while I'd have people pictures included. This was fun at first, very fun. But now, it is more of a burden than anything. This morning something happened. Something that made me second guess whether I would want to continue with the 'photographing food' part of blogging. And I don't think I want to.
I want to write though. And I know a good part of the magic of a food blog (I'm starting to despise the word 'blog') involves photography. But then, I was looking over my archives and comparing it with more recent posts. And I've realized that as the pictures get better (they're still pretty crappy), my words are going to shambles. Sometimes I worry that I'm more interested in posting pictures than words. And that is not what I want to do.
If it was not for this blog, I would not have meet and kept in touch with many people who have become close friends with today. That's also magical. Because when you start a blog, you never do it with the intention of making friends or having people recognize you and then get freebies (the freebies part also makes me a little sick, and very guilty, even when it's just a loaf of bread, or a bunch of pizza).
But you know what's also irritating? Not being able to eat food for the comfort of food alone. Not being able to eat without first shooting pictures, and more pictures of food. It's almost amusing at first. But it gets old pretty fast. Sometimes I forget what a luxury it is to eat food without going all camera crazy. I completely neglected to take picture of a wonderful lunch I had alone in the Village last week, and I think it was one of the best lunches I've had yet. Three glasses of champagne, my new Marc Jacobs bag, baked eggs, a gorgeous summer peach crostada all to myself. It was so amazing that I didn't even realize I didn't take pictures until a few days later. I wish all my meals could be like that.
It's actually kind of silly if you think about it. All this picture taking is completely self-imposed. No one demands that I, or any food blogger for that matter, takes pictures. It just becomes a habit. A horrid habit in which nothing can enter the mouth without a single shot (or a dozen). And a habit I am going to break right now. The camera is going in the drawer. It will come out for people pictures (something I've neglected for years). And hopefully, as a result, the writing quality of this blog will improve.
I will continue to find good food, because what is life if you do not eat well? But I hope that my words will be enough to allow you to create the pictures yourself. Besides, there are so many blogs out there with wonderful pictures that will make your eyes glaze over in wonder and drool to slide down the side of your mouth. I'll provide the words. And you can make up the pictures.
I'll take pictures from time to time, and I'll post the pretty ones for (cause I'm a sucker for pretty things). But for the most part, I'm going to enjoy my meals camera free :) How nice it will be!

subset: commoncrawl


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|, located in , TX
|Print Brochure
|Present Use
Mortgage Calculator**
|**This calculation is based on a rough estimate. Every person's situation is different. Be sure to consult with a mortgage advisor on your specific needs.
Listing provided courtesy of . Information deemed reliable, but not guaranteed. The data relating to real estate for sale on this web site comes in part from the Broker Reciprocity Program of the ® Multiple Listing Service. This listing last updated: 06:00 pm 12/31/1969


text:
143g, Jalan S2 B 21,
Pusat Dagangan Seremban 2,
70300 Seremban,
Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
|1 / 3
|Product description
Vitamin C (l-cysteine compound)
Chocola BB Lucent C is blended with vitamin C600mg and 240 mg of l-cysteine, and from under the skin's melanin colorless of will. In vitamins B2 and B6 formula, normalize the skin metabolism (turnover), and reduce age spots, freckles, won back his original skin.
|Efficacy and effects
|Precautions on use
To consult if:
|Ingredients and quantity
|Adult 1, contains the following ingredients during volume 6 tablets. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)... 600 mg l-cysteine: 240 mg riboflavin line ester sodium (vitamin B2 phosphate esters)... 15 mg pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6)... 20 mg succinic acid d-α-tocopherol (natural vitamin E)... 100 mg nicotine acid amide... 25 mg as an additive, talc, hydroxypropyl cellulose, titanium dioxide, magnesium stearate, cellulose, hypromellose, MACROGOL-containing the.
|Dosage and administration
|Amount next to take with water or lukewarm water before meals or after meals. O adults (age 15 +)... one of two tablets, one day taking number of 3 times 1 7-15-year-old age... one time amounts 1 tablet, 1, taking times 3 times 1 7 years don't take medicine
|Content amount
|180 tablets
|Storage and handling precautions
(1) keep your product away from dry out of direct sunlight, cool place.
(2) keep out of children's reach.
(3) do not swap the other containers. (May change the quality or misused.)
(4) expiration date (outside the box) do not take things too much.
|For inquiries:
|Coco first pharmacy 045-364-3400
|Importer (company name, address)
|Eisai Co., Ltd.
4-6-10 koishikawa, bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 112-8088
|Ads responsibility
|Co., Ltd. Coco 1st drug; Pharmacist: WADA Hiroshi
|Original release
|Eisai Co., Ltd.
|Country of origin
|Classification of goods
|Pharmaceuticals: [3 of pharmaceutical products:


text:
Come up and Be There!
A look at a crucial but chronically overlooked aspect of Moses' time on the mount alone with God.
K-053 Come up and Be There! [ 1:17:55 ] Play Now | Play in Popup | Download
Topics: Alphabetical Listing, Audio Messages by Theme, Character and Life |


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The dvd The Secret reveals amazing real life stories and testimonials of regular people who have changed their lives in profound ways.
By applying the Law of Attraction they present instances of eradicating disease, acquiring massive wealth, overcoming obstacles and achieving what many would regard as impossible.
The Secret has attracted interest from media figures such as Oprah Winfrey, Ellen DeGeneres, and Larry King, as well as criticism in the mainstream press.
The dvd The Secret became a publishing phenomenon in 2007, by reaching number one on the Amazon chart and The Secret Book, achieving number one of The New York Times bestseller list.
For much of February through April both The Secret Dvd and The Secret Book were number 1 or 2 at Amazon, Barnes & Noble, and Borders.
The book's publisher, Simon & Schuster, did a second printing of 2 million, the biggest order for a second printing in its history.
Culturally New York Post reports that e-mails, in chat rooms, around office cubicles and on blind dates. It is recognized as having a broad and varied impact on culture and is likened to a "Hollywood phenomenon."
The film has been featured on Larry King Live Show, The Ellen DeGeneres Show, Oprah Winfrey, The Montel Williams Show, The Today Show and Nightline
As you would expect there has been much criticism from media, business, health and religious circles, After all The Secret does fly in the face of the representatives of these quarters.
I suppose ultimately you shall be the Judge and Jury of this phenomenon, and although the majority of criticism has been of the packaging or delivery of the Law of Attraction, the message is difficult to knock.
To state that the Law of Attraction does not exist would be an unsupported statement, just a statement of personal choice to take that view.
Indeed it is the case that some critics find much to fault in the film and nevertheless see it as providing positive opportunities or benefits for society.
Greg Beato of Reason Magazine pens...
"...infectious, helping to create a national mood of high-octane optimism."
".. If there's anything our current bleak era needs, it's a little irrational exuberance. Perhaps The Secret is the Grand Genie of the Universe's answer to our prayers."
However criticism seemed to run much deeper, as one of the films 'Stars' was unceremoniously, cut from the original version of the film.
And, in my humble opinion, the film does leave a huge chunk of the message out, without the wise ranting of Abraham.
Here is Abraham, talking through Ester Hicks, about the value and reaction to the film The Secret.
So to see the film or not?
To research Law of Attraction, this film will act as a superb introduction to the Law of Attraction and the principles surrounding the Laws governing us.
However it is only that, an introduction, learning to apply these principles will involve far more than the basic lessons of visualization covered in this film, and understanding why the Law of Attraction works, runs much deeper.
To read more about the film, follow the links below;
The First Twenty Minutes of The Movie
Copyright 2007-2016 Law-of-Attraction-Guide.com
Unlock The Power
Law of Attraction Training
I started this website back in 2006, with the dream of making it the No.1 site to discover, apply and master the Law of Attraction.
I am well on the way to achieving this dream, and would like to thank you for visiting my site, and for helping me to become one of the top Law of Attraction websites.
I would also like to thank SBI for their site building tools and advice, which has made this all possible.
If you have any comments, thoughts or suggestions, please use the comments form at the bottom of this page.
With Gratitude
John Peace
Use the searchbox below to find what you need.


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Composition and Anatomy
Cartilage is a smooth tissue without vessel and nerves which covers joints and bone. The embryonic skeleton still exists completely of cartilage which is later transformed by calcification to bone. According to requirements cartilage is composed in different ways. Cartilage receives their nutrients from the surrounding tissue, the Perichondrium.
What does cartilage exist of?
The cells of cartilage (chondrocytes) form collagen fibers which are linked up with each other. Between the fibers a lot of water can be bound to allow elasticity and to protect against pressure load. Chemically cartilage consists of proteins and mucopolysaccharides. The growth occurs from the outside through the perichondrium.
Schematischte Darstellung des Knorpelgewebes (Chondron)
Es gibt drei verschiedene Arten von Knorpelgewebe:
- Hyaline cartilage
- Elastic cartilage
- Fibrocartilage


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Wow, it's been four years now since Sun launched OpenSolaris. We've come a long way since then - built up a budding community, taken lots of contributions from outside, and we're even turning out a pretty decent OS based on this now! It's on my desktop, laptop and home machine. There's still a lot to do, but overall I'm very impressed.
It's been very cool doing code reviews openly and getting design feedback directly from the real world before any code is even written. This has greatly changed the way I do my job, for the better!


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Latest news from the Council on Elder AbuseJune 09, 2014Read Story Providers of elder abuse shelters to meet in Ohio
May 19, 2014Read Story Woman admits stealing from ailing father
From the Buffalo News, Monday May 19th 2014:
A Buffalo woman has admitted stealing more than $71,000 from her ailing 84-year old father over a more than two-year period while he was in an assisted living facility
April 01, 2014Read Story Youngtstown man sentenced to prison for attack on West Seneca 74 year old
Thwarted attack nets thief 13 years; 74 year old woman fought attacker
October 03, 2013Read Story Government Emphasizes Prevention of Financial Exploitation of the Elderly
Interagency Announcement: http://www.sec.gov/news/press/2013/elder-abuse-guidance.pdf
March 04, 2013Read Story Agencies Working to End Elder Abuse
Legal Services for the Elderly, Disabled or Disadvantaged of Western NewYork (LSED) fully supports the call for legislative protection against elder abuse. And while legislation is necessary, informing Western NewYorkers about the ongoing efforts right in their back yard to combat existing elder abuse is also important.
If you Suspect Abuse, TAKE ACTION!
More than 1,500 cases of elder abuse are reported each year in Erie County. Many more cases are never reported.
If you suspect abuse and would like legal assistance, please contact:
Legal Services for the Elderly, Disabled, or Disadvantaged of WNY: 716-853-3087
For immediate assistance 24 hours a day, call Crisis Services Hotline at: 716-834-3131
If you suspect someone is being abused, call Erie County Protective Services for Adults: 716-858-6877
For general information on programs or referrals call: 716-858-8526
In an emergency, call 911


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A preteen horror take on Groundhog Day.
Artie's first day at Ardmore Middle School starts off badly: Before he even leaves the house he's fallen out of bed, zapped himself plugging in the cellphone charger and been squirted with syrup by his little brother. It gets so radically worse that by the afternoon he's received the dismaying news that a gang has been dispatched to beat him up on the way home at the Principal's request. Before that can happen, to his astonishment, he's suddenly waking up in bed. Was it a dream? Hard to say, because again he falls out of bed, zaps himself, gets squirted and goes on to another first day that is nearly the same but even more disastrous. And then again. Each round gets shorter but weirder as Artie's struggles to head off catastrophes he knows are coming lead to bizarre accidents, wild chases, scary discoveries in the school's dank, dark basement and, at last, a truly memorable encounter with an oversized custodian who disintegrates into a pack of weasels. After that, it's almost a letdown when Stine explains Artie's misadventures with a logical and obvious revelation.Great fun as ever, supplied by genre's most prolific and reliable master. (Humorous horror fantasy. 9-11)


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Happy Thursday! I just need to point out that we are 8 days away from Europe y'all, 8 DAYS! Bah! Can't believe we're in the 1 digit countdown.
Alright that is not the topic of todays post so I'll get on with it.
Today I bring you another book review. Enjoy!
Synopsis according to Goodreads:
So imagine Alice's surprise when she comes to on the floor of a gym and is whisked off to the hospital where she discovers the honeymoon is truly over — she's getting divorced, she has three kids and she's actually 39 years old. Alice must reconstruct the events of a lost decade, and find out whether it's possible to reconstruct her life at the same time. She has to figure out why her sister hardly talks to her, and how is it that she's become one of those super skinny moms with really expensive clothes.
Ultimately, Alice must discover whether forgetting is a blessing or a curse, and whether it's possible to start over.
My thoughts:
I loved the first Liane Moriarty book I read, The Husbands Secret. So when I saw that she had two other novels I knew I wanted to read them. One of my teacher friends told me that this one, What Alice Forgot was blegh. She said it wasn't fantastic and that it could be skipped. But I have to say I'm so glad I decided not to skip it. Now it wasn't fantastic by any means but it was a good, easy and entertaining read. I couldn't stop myself from thinking what it would be like if I fell and lost the last 10 years of my life. I would be 17. 17!! I would think that I either finishing up my Junior year or starting my Senior year of high school. In my mind I would still be living at home too. Weird.
Anyway I enjoyed all the characters and found myself trying to guess what had happened in Alice's life when she was asking her family members about certain events. It was fascinating to see how her personality had changed in the 10 years she had forgotten. The events that changed her and the feelings she went through before, that had turned her into the person she was at 39 compared to 29. Very interesting. I had a feeling I wasn't going to like the ending, no clue why but that's what I thought as I was reading. But I was pleasantly surprised that I liked the way it ended.
Overall I would recommend the book to anyone. Like I said it's any easy, enjoyable read. I give it 4 out of 5 stars!
Oh and this was another book I read via audiobooks. Seriously if you still haven't discovered the greatness that is audiobooks, get on it! Although I have discovered that I only listen to them in the car. It's just weird listening to them at home, so that's a drawback. Because I'm currently reading Big Little Lies by the same author and I can't listen to it until later today when I have about an hour drive ahead of me.
Happy Reading! :)


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Wayne Chang
Proprietor, WYC Techology, LLC
Wayne Chang operates WYC Technology, a technical consultancy specializing in product innovation and security. Using his background in software development, Wayne helps organizations make decisions that support their business strategies. Wayne has solved problems for IBM, the MIT Media Lab, and several software startups.


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How To Become A Licensed Real Estate Broker In Mississippi
With the housing market well on the way to complete recovery, many licensees making the move to become a real estate broker in Mississippi. After all, one of the benefits of a forming a career in real estate is the control it allows you in shaping your personal success. The step towards becoming a broker is the beginning of an exciting new chapter in the life of a real estate professional. There is no need to wait for a promotion. A real estate licensee is able to simply make the decision to sign up for broker training and the state exam. Once this decision has been made, it may be only a matter of weeks before you are working as a Mississippi broker. Real estate sales associates in Mississippi who are ready to take the next step in their real estate careers can begin the process of becoming a licensed real estate broker by completing the state's requirements for licensure.
Mississippi Real Estate License Requirements
- Age: at least 21 years old
- Residency: Mississippi
- Experience: active real estate salesperson experience for 12 months
- Courses: successfully complete 120 hours of real estate courses
- Exam: successfully pass the real estate broker exam
- Letter of Reference: include a letter of reference from your banker
Real Estate Broker Licensure Exam in Mississippi Real Estate Broker Licensure Exams are conducted once a month in Mississippi. Before you register for the examination you have to be approved by the Mississippi real estate commision. Then you are given 2 months to take the exam.
The exam has 100 multiple choice questions based on national real estate law and Mississippi state specifications.
4 hours are given to you to complete the Mississippi Real Estate Broker Exam.
If you fail the exam you can retake it at any time in Mississippi and you don't have to pay registration fee one more time.
Arrive 30 minutes before the exam starts and take a calculator with you. You will not be able to open any books during the exam.
You will pay $135 of the registration fee to take the Mississippi Real Estate Broker Exam and $110 to take the salesperson exam.
Real Estate Broker Software
The Right Tools The most professional real estate workers often require software to efficiently sort through paper work. It has been pointed out that good software such as Brokermint can transform a real estate business for the better. Back office software should be able to create a consistent and manageable flow from lead generation to closing and accounting. It should be able to cross integrate with Contact Management systems (CRM), MLS and Accounting Packages. The main goal of this type of software is to help real estate experts save time managing day-to-day operations, get instant visibility on production data and remain in compliance with regulations.
Software like Brokermint perfectly fits for small companies that recently started their real estate business.
There are other tools that are useful to real estate agents. Having a strong social media presence through sites such as Facebook or LinkedIn can come in very handy in attracting potential customers. Also consider using Zillow and Trulia. These websites help track information on available real estate properties in local areas. Be sure to familiarize yourself with the kinds of tools that real estate brokers need to work in the field. It is a necessity to feel prepared in this business.
We have licensed brokers on our team to help with all technology related questions. Get your free real estate technology consultation now!
Book Your Free Live Demo Now
And find out why more than 800 real estate businesses trust Brokermint


text:
Since you've been posting against multiple old questions with no purpose other than to promote a product, there's no reason to think that this is a valid question.
Tell you how? That's easy. Go to Microsoft's Create a New Partition on a Windows 7 Hard Disk page and follow the instructions.
But because this site is intended for IT pros, you're already expected to know things like how to search for information ( see the Site FAQ, which you're also expected to read). Simply copying information to here that already exists elsewhere and is easily available doesn't do anyone any good.
Now, if you try documented procedures and run into a problem, then that's what this site is intended to help with. IT pros who have problems in their work are expected to come here.
It good for everyone to come here and communicate with those people whose favorites are similar to theirs
That's not quite true. As the Site FAQ explains, the site has a particular audience in mind. It's not a site intended for "everyone". It's not a training site, and it's not intended for general or home users.
Of course, anyone can come, can ask and can comment. But posts are regularly removed or modified if the content doesn't fit the Site expectations. Understanding the first couple sentences of the Site FAQ tells why.


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Gina Gordon's Pumpkin Spiced Latte
Gina says: In my short story, Her Five Favorite Words, my main character Becca starts off every morning with her favorite drink….a Grande, Vanilla Extra-hot Latte. (FYI..that is my favorite drink too!) But once fall arrives, I switch up my drink of choice to something a little more festive.
I will admit it's a lot easier to drive over to the nearest Starbucks and buy one but here is a quick recipe for a Pumpkin Spice Latte that I adapted from www.allrecipes.com
You will need:
a couple of tablespoons of pumpkin puree, 1 teaspoon vanilla, 1 cup milk, 1/4 teaspoon pumpkin pie spice, sugar (to your liking) and brewed espresso
In a saucepan, combine the milk, pumpkin spice, pumpkin puree and vanilla. Warm over medium-high heat, whisking frequently, until frothy. Pour your espresso and the warmed milk into a mug and add sugar to taste.
3 responses
Sounds delish….
October 18, 2010 at 12:28 pm
My daughter would ADORE this recipe. I'll have to pass it on to her. This sounds like the one she's been buying at Starbucks all the time.
October 31, 2010 at 5:48 am


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The STSPIN820 is a stepper motor driver whichintegrates, in a small QFN 4 x 4 mm package,both control logic and a low RDSon power stage.
The integrated controller implements a PWMcurrent control with fixed OFF TIme and a microstepping resoluTIon up to 1/256th of the step.
The device can be forced into a low consumpTIonstate.The device offers a complete set of protecTIonfeatures including overcurrent, overtemperatureand short-circuit protection.
Operating voltage from 7 to 45 V
Maximum output current 1.5 Arms
RDSon HS + LS = 1 typ.
Microstepping up to 1/256th of step
Current control with programmable OFF time
Current sensing based on external shuntresistor
Full protection set
Non-dissipative overcurrent protection
Short-circuit protection
Undervoltage lockout
Thermal shutdown
Standby low consumption
3D printers
Medical equipment
Industrial 2D printers
Textile and sewing machines
CCTV, security and dome cameras
ATM and cash handling machines
Office and home automation
The X-NUCLEO-IHM14A1 motor driver expansion board is based on the STSPIN820 monolithic driver for stepper motors.
It represents an affordable, easy-to-use solution for driving stepper motors in your STM32 Nucleo project, implementing motor driving applications such as 2D/3D printers, robotics and security cameras.
The STSPIN820 implements a PWM current control with constant OFF time adjustable via an external resistor and a microstepping resolution up to the 256th step.
The X-NUCLEO-IHM14A1 expansion board is compatible with the Arduino UNO R3 connector and the ST morpho connector, so it can be plugged to the STM32 Nucleo development board and stacked with additional X-NUCLEO expansion boards.
Operating voltage: 7 to 45 V
Output current up to 1.5 Arms
Fine tuning microstepping up to the 256th step
Current control with adjustable OFF time
Full protection set:
Overcurrent protection
Short-circuit protection
Under voltage lock out
Thermal shutdown
Compatible with Arduino UNO R3 connector
Compatible with STM32 Nucleo boards
RoHS compliant
The X-NUCLEO-IHM14A1 expansion board for STM32 Nucleo is a stepper motor driver covering a wide range of applications.


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While many I Need A Good Tax Attorney in Roodepoort recognize the importance of having a secretary and an accountant at their disposal, few realize the equally significant need of having a personal tax attorney.
A tax attorney is an attorney with specialized skills or expertise in taxation laws. Although he can also represent clients regarding other aspects of the law, a tax attorney will be especially helpful when it comes to resolving tax problems and issues. A tax attorney generally has advanced training and education in taxation law to distinguish him from other lawyers.
There are basically two ways for tax attorneys to provide aid to you or your business:
Tax Planning – Tax attorneys are like financial managers in the sense that they manage your financial affairs to ensure that you will not encounter any tax difficulties in the future. Tax lawyers will guide you in every step and steer you to the right path when your finances are beginning to wave a red flag at the SARS.
How Much Will a Tax Attorney Cost?
If you wish to employ a tax lawyer by paying him a monthly retainer, the fee will range from several hundred to more than a thousand dollars every month, depending on the duties and responsibilities you wish for the attorney to take care of and the law firm you're transacting with.
If you wish to consult with a tax lawyers only when there's a need, you may be charged by an hourly rate. Again, the rate will depend on the law firm you're transacting with and the problem at hand, which is why they use best legal vat tax lawyer company.
If you are hiring tax attorneys to handle your tax case, you may not need to pay any of his fees at all if you win your case. The IRS will be responsible for it instead. Your tax attorney may also opt to have a percentage of your tax savings.
How Do You Select The Best SARS Vat and Tax Services for all I Need A Good Tax Attorney?
Dealing with state and federal taxes can be scary especially if you have a problem or owe back taxes and that is why consulting a tax attorney could be the best thing you ever do. There are few things as stressful as dealing with taxes. Even if you don't have any tax problems the looming presence of April 15th of every year causes undue stress on your life. And, it is with good reason that people are afraid of dealing with their taxes. The tax code, both state and federal can be daunting and very hard for the average person to comprehend.
There is no doubt that dealing with the IRS or state revenue services can ruin your day, but if you work with a company that has a staff from diverse backgrounds (CPAs, former SARS Agents, Tax Attorneys) getting the best outcome is a lot easier. There are few companies that have a staff of tax attorneys, CPAs and former SARS agents reviewing cases. Once your tax problems are gone, you can live more freely and pay attention to those things that are truly important like your friends and family.
For Best Real Services Use I Need A Good Tax Attorney in Roodepoort
IRS tax attorneys are those lawyers who specialize in the laws, regulations, and debt relief strategies involved with tax fraud, evasion, and collection actions.
These are not their only talents, however, and you may be able to benefit from services and expertise like this throughout each fiscal year.
If yours is a small business or you are self employed, hiring a tax attorney to take a peek through your files and deductions a couple of times throughout the year can only prove helpful and reassuring, and certainly worthwhile if you wish to avoid any type of negative IRS attention in the future.
IRS tax attorneys can be pricey to procure, but breaking up the hourly retention fees so that you are only using your professional three times per year for shorter periods of time is a great way of saving money and assuring yourself that your business or personal finances are on track and that you haven't overstepped or overlooked any boundaries before tax season.
This is a great way of ensuring that you are up to speed and completely aware of everything that you need to know and do in order to satisfy your debts and keep them at bay in the future.
If you are ever promised a hat full of magic tricks by the IRS tax attorneys, debt specialists, or other professionals that you interview for help, you should keep in mind that there are none.
The SARS works at the same level and on the same terms with everyone. All decisions are calculated the same way, and there just isn't any way of getting around this government branch. Be forthcoming and honest at all times.
Description of a Tax Attorney - Path to a Successful SARS VAT Claim
A corporate tax attorney provides services to the corporations on behalf of tax resolution issues. Corporate tax or as it is sometimes called corporation tax is a tax placed on the profits made by companies or associations. It is a tax that is calculated based on the value of the corporation's profits. This tax is made compulsory by the federal government as well as some state governments. The federal corporate tax is more noteworthy that he state corporation tax. Most companies usually hire a corporate tax attorney before an Internal Revenue Service's (SARS) audit. Owners of small companies usually believe they can manage with just an auditor but this is not wise. It is wise for any size corporation to employ a corporate tax attorney.
Employing a corporate tax attorney is a good way to ensure the growth and continued success of your business. They will take care of the legal aspects required when preparing your taxes and will be there to bail you if needs be. They can also offer services outside of helping with tax problems. They can be employed full time to deal with all the legal matters of the business or just prior to tax time right before your SARS audit. They can give you advice that will benefit you and how much taxes you pay by advising you about ways to improve and reorganize your business.
Tax Attorneys - Are They For Low-Income Taxpayers?
There are lots of people who seem to be very much interested in the field of law and they want to become attorneys and lawyers. If you are interested in this field as well then you must make sure that you learn about the various kinds of jobs available in this field.
It is very important to make sure that you are fit for this job. This kind of job has lots of challenges and you might have to provide a lot of time to this profession.
But the job of the attorney is also very satisfying because you can earn a lot of money in this job. Are you interested to choose a career as a tax attorney? These people usually deal with the tax related problems.
There are lots of law firms which hire these attorneys. They usually choose the attorneys who have experience of about 2 to 3 years. As they practice for a long time they gain more experience and they tend to get more popular.
You can earn a lot of money in this profession. The tax attorneys must have the membership of bar association before they start with their private practice. If you work hard then you will surely get proper success in this field.


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Power Yoga Class
DURATION: 64 minutes LEVEL: For Everyone
Build up strength and power with this life giving power yogapractice. Be strong on the inside and the outside as you flow through this full length practice with Kay. Get ready to work and have fun in this power yoga class!
Not a premium member yet? Get unlimited access to the entire My Yoga Playground library, including individual classes, courses, workshops, and more.
Check Out All Our Other Individual Yoga Classes HERE.


text:
Roads less traveled
By Dean Alexander
Throughout history, the four departments of Burgundy have existed in various states geographical isolation; partitioned from western France, by the mountain ranges of the Central Massif and the Morvan. For twelve centuries, only three woefully inadequate roads linked Burgundy to western France, and those, having been built by the Romans in around the year 20 BC, were in a state of disintegration. Whether lost to flooding or landslide, or its materials having been scavenged for new construction, in places, these roads ceased to exist altogether. Travel to and from Burgundy became increasingly slow, difficult, and dangerous.
This road system was never intended to support an independent France, and as such, their route selection, and the intellectual philosophy behind their design were ill-suited for reliance that the Gauls would place upon them. Each aspect of their design would leave a lasting impact on the of future development of trade, communication, and ultimately the economy of France. This underdeveloped and crumbling infrastructure would leave Burgundy in a state of quasi-isolation, forcing it to develop independently for centuries, and delay the unification for France for a millennium.
To some readers, this ancient topic will seem unimportant, and seemingly unrelated to winemakers of today, but the geopolitical separation of Burgundy from central France was quite significant on both a regional and national level, and significantly shaped the identity of the winemakers of the 18th and 19th century. For the wine scholar, these are roads less traveled.
(*) This is true of the areas of the Rhone Valley and Provence as well.
Natural trade barriers: massifs, and valleys
While good roads and bridges cut with seeming ease through these regions today, the Central Massif and the Morvan, divided eastern and western France for centuries. Moving northward along the backside of the 1020 kilometer long Central Massif, sits Lyon; and just beyond the city, as the northern tip of the Central Massif falls away, a gap between the mountains develops before Morvan rises up again in the north. Because this area is hilly, defined its boundaries is not straight forward but is the gap is a fairly wide area of at least 50 to 75 square kilometers, .
Militarily, these are the kinds of gaps that armies seek to strike their enemy, but in the past two thousand years, no major advances seemed to have launched by any army through this gap. Why was this? A possible explanation is that this gap is covered by irregular hills and multi-directional valleys, through which the headwaters of the Loire and other rivers form. Many of these headwaters are rivers in their own right, including the Allier, Arroux, Dore, Loire, Nievre, and Sioule Rivers, and each would have created their own fording challenges. Secondly, the valleys may have been swampy until they were drained in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. This would have made the movement of equipment substantially difficult.
Northward from this gap, one will encounter the heavily wooded hills of Morvan Massif. This too stood as yet another obstacle to travel. Although the total elevation of the Morvan is not overly high, with its highest peaks being roughly 1000 meters, it can be rugged, densely wooded, and has an imposing breadth of 35 kilometers. Along the eastern foothills of the Morvan, is where the vineyards of the Côte d'Or are located.
Via Agrippa: the first well-established roads in Eastern France
The first Roman routes, out of simplicity, skirted the Central Massif. To the Massif's south, the road hugged the Mediterranean coastline as it moves westward. At Arelate (Arles), which became an important Roman port and trading city, the Via Domita ran toward the Iberian Penisula, where it met with the Via Aquitania, which drove northwest toward Burdigala (Bordeaux) on the Atlantic coast. To move northward from Arelate, the road system of the Via Agrippa began. Constructed for movement of legions to conqueror and control the unsettled regions east of the Central Massif, Roman leaders decided to establish Lugdunum (Lyon) as the hub of the expansive Via Agrippa road network. Archaeologists Ulrich Erdmann writes that the "geography of Burgundy was advantageous to the development of a strong infrastructure with busy roads from Lyon, the capital of the province, to Paris and the Channel ports, and to the Rhine." (Ulrich Erdmann 2004) Because of this well-constructed road system, this was certainly the case during Roman times. And much later, the better sections of the road would continue to serve the basic economic needs of the region, right up until the revolution.
The Rise of Lugdunum
That the Roman engineers decided that Via Agrippa should radiate from Lugdunum (Lyon), made the city a very important trading hub. Lyon would link Rome to nearly all of its European provinces, including those in Switzerland, Germany, Northern France, as well as being the most direct route to its most far-flung northern European possessions, including the Netherlands, Belgium, and Britain. It is important to note, that the decision to choose Lyon as the hub of this road system, would impact Burgundy for centuries after the fall of Rome. This road was economic thoroughfare Burgundy would require to maintain its independence over such a long period of time.
In the best of conditions, trade in ancient times was slow, moving at the pace of a draft horse under a heavy load. Couriers and unburdened travelers and may have moved more swiftly, but these long distances required patience. To ease these troubles, Romans built small, well-appointed towns along the route to act as rest stations along the way, catering to the needs of the well-heeled traveler, and others.
Roman Gaul was generally peaceful and stable for centuries, and in fact, legions were generally not stationed there after 15 BC. (Woolf 2000) Around 300 years after Gaul's submission to Rome, every freeman of Gaul was offered citizenship (212 AD). This was not a special dispensation since it was granted to all lands within the empire, but Gaul was widely considered to be the most acquiescent and accepting of Roman rule.(Erdmann 2004)
The most important route, at least in regards to Burgundy's connectivity to the rest of Europe, was the main, north-south artery of the Via Agrippa. This road headed north to Dijon, through Langres, and ultimately to the port city of Cologne on the Belgian coast. This was the road which would become instrumental in Burgundy's wine trade, forever onward.
The conclusion that Lyon-Cologne was the most vital route is based partially on the fact that this road is one we know the most about. It appears far more frequently in literature than any of the other Burgundian roads, and that is true of writings from antiquity, until well after the French revolution. This repeated appearance in writings may have to do with its being the road to Langres, which even today remains an important religious center. Langres had the distinction of being the seat of the Bishop of Roman Catholic church, as well as home to several Catholic religious orders. But this road also appears often this road as a major trading artery. That this can not be said about any other regional road, leads one to draw the conclusion that it was the primary route in and out of Burgundy. We might also assume it was the best-maintained road within Burgundy.
Two other, presumably important roads headed directly westward from Lyon. The first was a route that zigzagged over barren sections the Massif. This spur of the Via Agrippa eventually made its way to Clermont-Ferrand on the reverse side of the Central Massif, then ultimately on to Saintes in southwestern France. This route has been somewhat chronicled over the past two thousand years, but principally as part of the pilgrimage of le Chemin Saint-Jacques. Little of this Roman roadway remains, and its exact route is uncertain. A second spur of the Via Agrippa departed westward from Chalon. This route is referred to as the Lyon-Boulogne, although once it arrives in the Loire Valley it bifurcated, with one branch heading to Saintes, and the other to Boulogne. Unfortunately, we know very little about its route, as much of its roadway has been lost. Over the centuries, the stone, and other road building materials were removed for other uses, and dirt has covered much of the rest. Additionally, little is written about the Lyon-Boulogne, and most our knowledge regarding its existence comes from an ancient Roman map which was discovered in a library in Wormes, Germany in the late 1400's.
Roman route selection
Roman roads were as part of a larger military conquest strategy. As such, upland routes were chosen for the defensive advantage hills provided, and whenever possible track was selected which were devoid of forestation. Roman columns traveling along these routes were more able to repulse attacks where sight lines were longer. Along these highland routes, way stations were situated on hilltops, as they were far easier to defend.
Conversely, Roman roads avoided valleys, and dense forests, (Planhol, Claval 1994) as both of these terrains presented a tactical disadvantage of not being able to bring the "cohorts to bear." (Heather 2010) While these overland routes provided security for columns of soldiers and their baggage trains, these overland Roman military roads may have proved difficult enough to deter less disciplined travelers.
But avoiding forested routes may have been more challenging than one might imagine. While today one fifth of France is timber land, consisting of roughly 25% oak trees, when Caesar arrived with his legions in Gaul in 58 BC, it is estimated that two-thirds of France were covered in forests, primarily of oak trees interspersed with thickets. (Thirgood 1971) Wide belts of sacred forests created the natural "frontier zones" which separated the various Gaulish tribes, which only the Druids were allowed to enter. According to J. V. Thirgood, a professor of forestry at the University of British Columbia, the forests held a "psychological dread" for the legionnaires, involving forest warfare and mysticism.
Additionally, the need to find solid ground upon which to build roads was of equal importance. Before the construction of drainage systems, provided by the construction of France's innumerable canals (ie. Canal du Centre opened in 1792), many of France's valleys and plains were riddled with marshes. (Grabmayer 2009) This may have made these valley areas between the larger Loire and Saône Valleys unsuited for road construction, not to mention it was likely to have been covered in dense forests. Further, the many rivers that traverse the region would have required the construction several of large and costly bridges.
As much as road construction's primary purpose was to allow Rome to project its power, its ability to facilitate trade was an expected byproduct of great importance. The roads were an artery of wealth, raw materials, and other valuables, which would economically feed Rome. Both legions and merchants traversed the roads from Gaul to the Italian peninsula, carrying with them all manner of treasure and goods. Caravans were loaded with from gold and silver to less glamorous ores such as lead and tin. They were loaded prized wines from Burgundy which were said to rival the best of the legendary Falernian wines, as well as casks (a Gallic invention) of wine the Rhone, as well as material goods, such prized Samian pottery. There was also a significant movement of grain, which included wheat, barley, and rye, all being transported from France to the Apennine peninsula.
Confusingly, the generic word for 'grain' in Latin the is the word "corn". However, because in English "corn" only refers the vegetable which is indigenous the Americas, some writers have mistakenly understood that corn was grown in Gaul, and traded to the Romans. It obviously was not, since it was not 'discovered' by Europeans until sometime after 1492.
Roads dictated by geometrical theorem
Ordered, but inefficient for trade?
Historian Greg Woolf, argues that efficiency and connectivity of these roads were undermined by the Roman's limited geographical knowledge of France, and that centering its hub on the city of Ludunum (Lyon) was somewhat arbitrary. (Woolf 2000)
This may have been true, but there was at least one other factor at play: the Roman ideology that the intellect must triumph over the random vagaries of nature. As such, the incorporation of Euclidean and Pythagorean theories was widely employed in many aspects of Roman construction, including roads.
The Roman designers conceptualized their roads as a Euclidean geometric equation: thus a road was "a surface is that which has length and breadth only". The design of any "solid", is matrix of point, line, and surface, and differs significantly the "solid" object it represents. (de Laguna 1922) Whatever difficulties of these theoretical ideals posed in applying to the actual, physical geography, was left for the on-site surveyors and builders to resolve. Surmounting the peaks, rivers, gorges, as well as marshy valleys, forced those who managed the construction to adjust as necessary. (Legion VIII Augusta) Doubtlessly, there was pressure to complete the job as it was designed, and this may have led to the Roman reputation for overcoming obstacles, rather than building around them.
Having dedicated themselves to build roads to a Euclidean planar, rectilinear model, there are many examples of this in their road construction across the Roman Empire. Stretches of the road will persist for dozens of kilometers, in an unflinchingly straight line. These roads hold straight and true, over a variety of terrains, even when no direct line-of-sight was possible. The most extreme example of this is the Roman road from Bavay to Tongeren (in Belgium), which continues uninterrupted in its straight path for 70 kilometers or 43.5 miles (Gallo, Bishop 2006). This, reasoned the Romans, would allow columns of legionnaires to arrive at a far-flung location in the most expedient, and least exhausted fashion.
To accomplish this feat of building long, dead straight stretches of road, Roman surveyors made visual sightings (of up to six miles) at night, by using fires. Where line-of-sight was not possible, surveyors attained sighting from hilltop to hilltop and utilizing theorems of similar triangles, enabling them to maintain their road's undeviating course, with remarkable precision (Gallo, Bishop 2006).
No doubt, the Romans over thought their roads, in that It is easy to see how this might prove problematic, in bypassing cities, or not connecting cities with did not fit into their intellectual sense of organization, and might delay a Roman legion's arrival to a strategic location.
The consequence of Roman road design on a post-Roman France
Just as Gaulish tribes did not coalesce as a single body until the Romans artificially did so by force, once the Romans were gone, France once again splintered into its regional tribes once the Rome fell. No doubt, regional rulers, such as the Frankish King Clovis I, who triumphed over the last Roman military commander in Gaul, would have found the organizational structure of these roads frustrating. It is clear they inhibited movement of goods and communication in almost any direction that wasn't en route to Rome. For this reason, Roman roads greatly dictated the regional trading partners. For example, travel from Reims, north of Paris to points southwest of Paris, such as Chartes, was extremely circuitous and would have discouraged trading and communication between these two areas within central France. One has to wonder if this de facto subdivision of France, was actually by Roman design, with the intent of keeping populations divergent, and unable to unify, thus making possible rebellions less viable.
By the Middle Ages, the roads of the Via Agrippa were in poor condition despite their immaculate construction. The efficient infrastructure necessary to maintain them had been lost well before the fall of the Roman Empire, which had been in a long period of decline.**
*King Clovis I, who would triumph over Syagrius, the last Roman military command in Gaul, who had held out a decade after Rome itself had fallen. (**) This would finally happen when Rome's own mercenary armies, consisting largely soldiers of the Germanic Visigoth tribes, breached the walls of Rome in 476 A.D.
Roads and travel in the Middles Ages
To write so extensively of the design and construction of the Via Agrippa is not to imply that roads were not built during the Middle Ages. But many of these roads were poorly constructed and degraded quickly. This meant that travel upon them became difficult not long after they were built, due to the marginal effort and low-grade materials generally committed to European road construction during the Middle Ages. Too often, little more technique was employed than clearing enough of the brush and trees so that carts could pass. Dust was a problem in the summer, and with periods of heavy rainfall, these rutted roads become deeply muddied, and often becoming impassable.
More important roads, perhaps as those which linked important holdings of the crown, cities with Duchés, or within Comtés, were built to higher standards. For these roads, workers used lime-infused dirts, like marl or fullers' earth. (Friedman, Figg 2013) Lime (calcium) can have the capacity to stabilize wet earth by disrupting the alignment of the platelets in clay. This change in soil structure allows the soil to drain better.
These calcium-rich materials were apparently valuable, however, and were sometimes pilfered right from the center of the roadway. The result was that thieves created very large potholes, which, depending on their size and location, could seriously impede travel. Worse, after heavy rains, these pits would fill with water. With murky water obscuring their depth, these potholes became traps for the unaware traveler. Drownings did occur. (Friedman, Figg 2013)
Road fatalities were fairly common over the centuries, occurring when wagons or carts crashed or overturned. (Grabmayer 2009) The Encyclopedia of "Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middle Ages", almost humorously refers to these as "traffic accidents", and both Friedman & Figg's text, and Grabmayer's paper note that numerous such deaths appear in "coroner" records.
Accidents were caused by the carts being flipped, spooked draft animals as the Friedman & Figg cite. Without a doubt, poor cart construction, wear, and fatigue of the cart or wagon, in conjunction with overloading and poor weight distribution, also played a part in these accidents. But they would have been compounded exponentially by travel on these poor roads.
Roads of cultures
How roads were built, and how they were used, both represented a vast difference in culture between the Romans and the Gallic people. Paved Roman roads* were slippery for animals when it rained, and in general were hard on the hoofs of unshod animals. The Roman response was to find a solution. Their answer was fit horses and oxen with what was referred to as a hipposandal: special sandals were constructed from iron plates, and these plates were tied to the animals hooves by leather straps (Bakels 2009), Of course, the medieval Frenchman had no such sandals, and may not have even been interested in obtaining them. As a habit, Gallic travelers tended to avoid these sections of road, particularly when utilizing hoofed animals. So instead of using the roads as intended, the Gauls drove their carts on the footpaths which ran parallel to the center roadway. (Grabmayer 2000) This caused other traffic, particularly those on foot, to create new impromptu paths, which also ran parallel to the Roman road. The practice of using multiple parallel paths to the old Roman roads expanded considerably as the Via Agrippa continued to deteriorate. and becoming increasingly difficult to navigate even for those on foot.
Johann Grabmeyer writes that across a plain on which a Roman road traversed, as many as one hundred, more or less parallel paths might exist. Grabmayer does not cite this source, but the awareness that ancient historians and authors were prone to exaggeration, might be appropriate to keep in mind here. In any case, the point is clear, where the citizens of Ancient Rome had been ordered, purposeful, and methodical, the Frenchmen of the middle ages often sought their own road.
In another point of distinction, the Roman approach to road construction was to tackle obstacles head-on. By utilizing their superior engineering skills, and probably with the heavy use of slave labor, Roman road builders, built over, or removed impediments, whereas their Gallic counterparts of medieval France typically chose to avoid obstacles altogether. For instance, as Roman bridges eventually washed away due to a combination of neglect and flooding, the medieval nobleman rarely concluded that the bridge should be rebuilt, which would incur a major expense. Instead, it was typically decided that the road would perform a detour to an easier crossing point. (Grabmayer 2000) Unlike the Roman roads which had been built a prescribed width, and constructed in a specific manner to withstand both heavy traffic and inclement weather,
Also pointing to these cultural differences, as medieval roads were forced to cross overland routes, where obstacles are many and options to deviate are few, the many paths created ad hoc by travelers often become one path which became narrow, deeply rutted and increasingly risky. This was very different from the Roman roads which moved over similar terrain, as all Roman roads were built a prescribed width and constructed a specific manner to withstand both heavy traffic and inclement weather over a long period of time, with minimal maintenance being required.
*only some Roman roads were paved.
The rise of brigands
The dangers of travel in the 14th and 15th centuries were elevated substantially due to the marked increase in banditry. Dmitry Shlapentokh writes that earlier in the Middle Ages, weapons, warfare, and violence had been the exclusive domain of the nobles. This was by design, the entire existence of the noblesse de l'épée (nobles of the sword) was predicated on the protection of his lands, and thus his people. But it was precisely this long association of violence with social superiority and a higher social standing, which would prove to have very negative consequences.
As the Middle Ages came to a close, major socio-economic changes were occurring, not the least of which was that The Hundred Years War had democratized warfare. Violence was no longer the strict domaine of the nobles. Weapons, which not only had the common man been prohibited from owning, but were far too expensive to procure, widely now available and inexpensive after generations of war. The sword, the weapon most equated to that of the noble, accordingly became the preferred weapon the bandit. Not only was the sword effective, but it symbolized both power and social prestige, as did, unfortunately, the weapon's use. (Shlapentokh 2008)
Chronic war, the weak ineffective authority of the nobility, unreliable law enforcement, all led to a lack of security and a period of extreme uncertainty. For over three centuries, bandits robbed and murdered in a widespread fashion, making both travel and trade very dangerous. Still, merchants and travelers persisted. Banding together in caravans, they either armed themselves, or would hire armed escorts, to attempts to discourage attacks and make safe passage.
Deterrents to road construction
While one might assume that centuries of living under Roman rule might have instilled the idea that good roads were a key factor in the projection of power, Gallic rulers never appeared to grasp this concept. The was little effort to improve the connectivity of their cities and points of trade and create the ability to travel in all but the worst weather conditions. According to Hugh Chisholm's surprisingly in-depth 1910 edition of Encyclopedia Britannica, that, although various Gallic monarchs in post Roman-Gaul attempted to maintain the "administrative machinery of the Romans", that it proved to be "too delicate to be handled by the barbarians". This statement, however, rings somewhat hollow in its dismissive nature, as many of the administrative and municipal positions had been held by upper-class Gaulish people, for at least a century or more. As such, it is assumed by many historians that Roman thought, and Roman tradition had been interwoven into at least the upper class of Roman-Gallo society. These were not barbarians.
It is likely that the greatest obstacle to systematic road construction was the divisive nature of the noblesse de l'épée (Nobles of the Sword). From the time Viking invasions in the 9th and 10th centuries, power in France would be decentralized, with the king and kingdom playing a weak economic and political role. The ducs and comtés would preside quite independently, as sovereigns over their own lands. The farther from Paris the locale, the more the nobles were apt to chaff at the authority of the king. Rivalries between nobles could be fierce, and open warfare occasionally occurred between what were essentially small countries.*
Antagonism between neighboring nobles could create impassible trade barriers for merchants. Even the borders between etats (estates) were open, the nobility presented substantial financial deterrents to trade. High tolls were imposed upon merchants by each Comté (County) or Duché along their route. Other deterrents included the right of preemption, meaning a noble had the first right to buy the trader's wares at a "beneficial" price, (Middleton 2005), as well as taxes which may have been imposed by nobles upon the final sale.
For those who understood the economic and political benefits of an effective road system, the decentralized power base within France created a complex, three-part chicken or the egg scenario. In order to build a national road system, the king needed enough economic and political clout to strengthen and centralize the government. To fill the treasury, and gain that political and economic power, robust trade would be required. Yet the lack of lack of cooperation between provincial nobles derailed both trade any hope of constructing a national road system.
(*) National borders were not as they are today. While technically the King of France presided over all of the various lands within France, the actual extent of this unity can be seen in the fact that some powerful nobles controlled Duchés and Comtés within the King's area of control, and as well as one or more Duché and Comté outside of France. Marriages were arranged for the consolidation of regional power, forging alliances, or even truces, with neighboring Duchés or Comtés. This was done en lieu of having any ability to accomplish any substantive diplomacy.
Did France's agricultural underpinnings lead to nobles to derail trade?
France's struggle with encouraging trade may have had its roots in the country's agricultural underpinnings. For the entirety of Gallic history, up until the 1700's, farming had been the engine of the economy. Seigneurial agricultural lands had provided the food for the cities and employed its rural population, which may have numbered as many 20 million peasants by the end of the 18th century.* While this may not have been a success story, the nobles, even those who had only nominal wealth, were both economically and socially tied to this system. For them, this system was very successful.
The noble classes were completely centrist in their focus. Their own activities of generating income from their estates, and achieving military glory on the battlefield. Whereas they looked upon Bourgeoisie activity of trade with "disdain". (Stilwell 2005) As such, Nobles would heavily toll the trade which crossed their lands and tax those who traded there. Whether the activities of social-climbing Bourgeoisie and their economic activities were regarded as a threat to the nobles way of life is not clear, but nobles did not allow overland trade to be easy.
French kings, who were essentially the penultimate noble, seemed to share the attitude that trade was definitively not noble. If one were to extend that premise, undoubtedly it would have been viewed as being beneath the needs of France.
Jean-Baptiste Colbert: one hundred years too soon
As the first true theories of economics would be developed until the le Siècle des Lumières (the Enlightenment), few at the time realized the positive impact trade would have on both economic, and political power for those that held it. But Jean-Baptiste Colbert, king Louis XIV's powerful minister of finances, harnessing trade for the power and glory of France was a nearly singular focus. While some have written that Colbert was was not an innovator, borrowing his ideas from other men, but he was one of the first to employ what amounted to an economic plan, and to do it on a vast scale. Colbert worked in concert with the king in the attempt to wrestle power from the nobility and to centralize the government into an absolutist monarchy. One aspect this was to subjugate the nobles by forcing them to rescind tolls on road travel from industrial regions to the ports. He reduced taxes upon the Third Estate (most notably the bourgeoisie) who owned much of France's industry as well as this merchant shipping. Far from aiming to slashing and nearly eliminating taxes like modern fiscal conservatives, he aimed at ultimately maximizing them. He is famed for his quote about determining the perfect level of taxation. He said:
"The art of taxation consists in so plucking the goose as to obtain the largest possible amount of feathers with the smallest possible amount of hissing".
In order to actually get goods from the industrial centers to the ports, Colbert recognized that the roads within central France were in desperate need improvement. Being a fiscally conservative, however, this was to done with the least possible expense to the treasury; so Colbert revived the feudal compulsory requirement of the corvée. The corvée had traditionally required the peasantry to give their time for civic construction projects as part of their seigneurial dues, but Colbert now instituted this on a national level. The journée de travail, or "days of work" were deeply resented by the peasantry for obvious reasons, but in addition the corvée took them out of their fields at critical harvest times. Trade did increase, however, as goods flowed to the ships and harbors.**
Although Colbert presided over his trade policies for over 27 years, and he did truly make a meaningful improvement to France's road system, as well as accelerate Frances development as a colonial power, economist Richard W. Fulmer writes that his trade reforms were only partially successful. Before his death, Colbert would advocate that France make a 'quick', military strike against Holland, in order to break that countries dominance on international trade. As this Rumsfeldian debacle dragged into full on war, Colbert would lose the ear of the King. The war was quickly draining the treasury, pressuring, once again, for the king to raise taxes. Although the sequence & timing regarding the repeal of Colbert's signature trade reforms is not clear, tolls and regional trade tariffs were being re-instituted in the years surrounding his death in 1683.
Further, criticisms of Colbert were that his infrastructure improvements were limited in their scope, linking only the port cities to industrial centers. None of these new roads, nor relief of the tolls on trade extended outside the center of France. Whether this was an issue of Colbert only attempting what he felt could be accomplished, considering all of the provincial nobility had not yet been subjugated by the king, or if his sole interest in the export of French goods in the international area, is not entirely clear. But the limited programs France did not in any way encourage internal communication or trade. Moreover, he failed to establish any lasting culture trade within France. At the end of Louis XIV's reign, 30 years after Colbert's death, not only had all tolls re-established, but they had doubled.
(*) The earliest census at the end of the 17th century were more estimates than counts, but the entire country was judged to be 19 million to 19.5 million people. Some estimates of rural population are given at 80%, but I have not found supporting documentation for this. By the time of the revolution, population had grown substantially to around 27 million. (D. B. Grigg 1980) (**) Colbert, was so successful and so driven, King Louis gave him many state positions, including the Secretary of Naval Affairs. From this pulpit, he ordered harbors and shipyards, and a massive program to build a powerful navy to project France's power, half a world away.
Breaking the 1,200-year cycle
Unlike overland trade routes which were constricted by heavy tolls and taxes, sea trade had no restrictions beyond the number of merchant ships that could be built. The merchant elites* the need for lumber was extraordinary. So much so, that for many years the proceeds from the royal forests amounted to a full a quarter of the income gained by the royal treasury.(Thirgood 1971) The bourgeoisie, with their seaborne trade, allowed France to flourished as a colonial power, and because France was able to grow as a colonial power, sea trade could continue to expand. Colonial cotton and sugar trade, along with the trader's French involvement in the triangular African slave trade, was extremely lucrative, and "grew at twice the rate of other external commerce". (Boulle 1972)
The growth of seaborne merchant trade achieved a successful formula in resolving the "chicken or the egg" dilemma that plagued overland trade. Its success came because at no point did it directly involve the nobility.
Ironically the economic power gained by the expanding sea trade would ultimately release the shackles that had bound trade within the French interior. This happened because it accelerated the French economy enough that it would finally give the French kings the economic and political power necessary to achieve an absolutist state. This, in turn, would loosen the bonds which had restricted overland trade for more than a thousand years. Tolls would be lifted, and road building would finally commence in the early years of the 1700's.
(*) The term bourgeoisie (the french term for the business class) is handled gently by historians, given usurpation of the term by Karl Marx in the 19th century. Historians who write about the revolution do use the word bourgeoisie, but those writing about bourgeoisie in the sea trade are called merchant elite, in order to not give their writings the appearance of having a political bent.
Up Next: Isolation part 2.1 The Birth of Modern Burgundy: Road Construction after 1715
Reference Sources for Burgundy: History of the Vignerons: The Villages parts I – IV
New sources for Part 2
The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History, Peter Heather, Pan Macmillan, 2010
Encyclopedia Britannica Eleventh Edition Vol XXVI ed. Hugh Chisholm, Encyclopedia Britannica Company, 1910
Burgundy as part of the Roman empire, Ulrich Erdmann, http://artbourgogne.free.fr/romanburgundy/ 2004
A Historical Geography of France, Xavier de Planhol, Paul Claval, Cambridge University Press, 1994
Roman Surveying, originally published as Elementos de Ingenieria Romana, Isaac Moreno Gallo, Terragona 2004, translated by Brian R. Bishop, Traianvs 2006
The Historical Significance of Oak, J. V. Thirgood, paper, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia
The Western European Loess Belt: Agrarian History, 5300 BC – AD 1000, Corrie C. Bakels, Springer Science & Business Media, 2009
Societal Breakdown and the Rise of the Early Modern State in Europe, Dmitry Shlapentokh, Palgrave Macmillan, 2008
Pilgrimage, Streets, and Traffic from a Cultural Historical Point of View, Johannes Grabmayer (University of Klagenfurt) June 2009
Becoming Roman: The Origins of Provincial Civilization in Gaul, Greg Woolf Cambridge University Press, 2000
Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middle Ages: An Encyclopedia, John Block Friedman, Kristen Mossler Figg, Routledge, 2013
Histoire du vin de Bourgogne, Jean-François Bazin, Editions Jean-paul Gisserot 2002
Economic and Social Conditions in France During the Eighteenth Century, Henri Sée Professor, University of Rennes 1927
Early medieval port customs, tolls and controls on foreign trade, Neil Middleton, Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2005
Population Growth and Agrarian Change: A Historical Perspective D.B. Grigg, CUP Archive, 1980
Jean Baptiste Colbert, 1619-1683, Gonçalo L. Fonseca, New School for Social Research, The Schwartz Center for Economic Policy Analysis
Slave Trade, Commercial Organization and Industrial Growth in Eighteenth-Century Nantes, Revue française d'histoire d'outre-mer PH Boulle – 1972
* * * * *
La Côte-d'Or à vol d'oiseau: lettres écrites à M.L. Havin, après la récolte, Auguste Luchet 1858
Gevrey-Chambertin: notice historique, topographique et statistique, suivie de promenade à Fixin, by Henri Vienne 1850
Journal of a Tour through some of the vineyards of Spain and France, James Busby, Sydney 1833
Peasant Proprietors and other selected essays, Lady Frances Parthenope Verney Longmans, Green, 1885 –
L'état de la recherche sur la vigne, le vin et les vignerons en Bourgogne au XVIIIe siècle, Benoit Garnot, 2008
The Peasants and the King in Burgundy, Hilton Root, University of California Press, 1992
Evolution du Métayage en France, L. Durousseau-Dugontie, Impr. Crauffon, 1905
Centre d'Histoire de la Vigne et du Vin, Charlotte Glain-Fromont, Bulletin de liaison Bulletin 30 janv-fev 2012.pdf
LES Climats du vignoble de Bourgogne Dossier de candidature à L'INSCRIPTION SUR LA LISTE DU PATRIMOINE MONDIAL DE L'UNESCO Janvier 2012
Communities of Grain: Rural Rebellion in Comparative Perspective Victor V. Magagna Cornell University Press 1991
Infant and Child Mortality in Eighteenth Century France: A Function of Income? Hajime Hadeishi, Bureau of Economics Federal Trade Commission, cliometrics.org 2010
Harvest Failures, Jennifer Llewellyn and Steve Thompson, 2015 Alphahistory.com
The Peasantry in the French Revolution P. M. Jones, Cambridge University Press, 1988
The Vile and the Noble: On the Relation between Natural and Social Classifications in the French Wine World, Marion Fourcade, Sociological Quarterly 2012
Aristocracy, Antiquity, and History: An Essay on Classicism in Political Thought, A. A. M. Kinneging Transaction Publishers, 1997
Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment By Michel Delon, Routledge 2013
Provincial Power and Absolute Monarchy: The Estates General of Burgundy 1661–1790 Julian Swann, Cambridge University Press 2003
History and Climate: Memories of the Future? Phil D. Jones, A.E.J. Ogilvie, T.D. Davies, K.R. Briffa Springer Science & Business Media, Apr 17, 2013
The Decline of Childhood Mortality Kenneth Hill. Department of Population Dynamics School of Hygiene and Public Health Johns Hopkins University 1990
The Discovery of France: A Historical Geography Graham Robb W. W. Norton & Company, 2008
The Story of French Jean-Benoît Nadeau, Julie Barlow, Macmillan 2008


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Last Monday my Granny and Grandpa went into the local city centre for a spot of retail therapy and Mama J went for a girlie morning filled with coffee, cake and a good old dose of putting the world to rights with her pals. I was not included in either of these two missions, so I threw a strop and did something more militant than The British Army all over the dining room floor!
Two hours and twelve minutes after Mama J, just like Elvis left the building she returned home. Knowing what I'd done I thought I'd better show more enthusiasm than usual I dived up at her legs several times, catching her face with my tongue as she bent down to cuddle me. Once she had given me my, on entering the house periodic treat, she turned around to see wet yellow liquid all over the stone floor. "Elsie whose done this?" She asked in my general direction, which was now down the hallway to where I'd scurried. Now I had to think quickly on my paws so as not to get myself in trouble, especially since Mama J had an unhappy look on her face by this point. I replied in my Yorkshire Terrier way, "It was Harry." I must explain that I haven't acquired a new furry friend named Harry in the past two weeks. As if any other animal is getting their paws anywhere near my front doormat, never mind over the threshold of it. No, Harry was my Great Grandpa J's imaginary friend who he used to entertain Mama J with when she was a child. Harry got the blame for Great Grandpa J knocking the Cornetto from Mama J's hands on an afternoon walk, then for getting them lost for hours on end resulting in a severe case of sun stroke! I figured that surely Harry could take the blame for my wee Monday morning misdemeanour. Great Grandpa J and his Harry were seen as an eccentric "pairing" back in 1988 but these days I reckon Great Grandpa J might have been offered cognitive behavioural therapy at least for creating such a naughty character to blame his entertaining antics on.
Anyway Harry went down a storm with Mama J as my very sharp and witty answer rewarded me with a large cuddle and another walk that afternoon. She's such a soft touch. I thank my family for telling me tales of Harry, as he got me out of a sticky and awkward spot there.
Mama J got her own back on me. Don't worry folks she didn't pee pee on the floor then make me clear it up. No, it was a far worse "treat" than that. Her and Grandpa took me to the Vets for my booster and I was on a warning to be on my best behaviour before we got there. This was all because Granny had heard a rumour that veterinary royalty had joined the practice, this was in the form of Julian Norton from The Yorkshire Vet.
I was given an extra brush before I went to make sure I was presentable and camera ready should a film crew be in attendance when we arrived. Sure enough when we got into the waiting room there were signs all around the reception area saying that Channel 5 were filming there that day and to call a telephone number if you didn't wish to be filmed. Mama J and Grandpa looked at each other and then gritted their teeth in anticipation of a microphone being thrust in their faces. However there was no camera crew in sight at the point in which I entered the treatment room and was greeted by a lady Vet and not the star of the show, Julian. Honestly I want a refund, they told me this was my big television break! First The Yorkshire Vet then five nights a week on Emmerdale! I've been bloody robbed of stardom!
Once in the room the Vet tried her best to make "friends" with me. However as I've told you before I think The Speakman's need to be given a call to try and sort out my PTSD teeth related traumas before I ever make mates with any Vets. She tried to offer me a biscuit which I turned my nose up at and then she tried coming at me from behind Grandpa's back with the needle to see if she could quickly inject me with my inoculation without me even realising. All attempts failed and I had to be Hannibal Lecter-ed in the end with an extremely fetching muzzle. Once she'd given me my jab I gobbled up the biscuit that Grandpa had placed on the floor in front of me and then ran towards the door for freedom.
As we were leaving the Vets we saw a pick-up truck with a few people stood around taking notes and then yes you've guessed it, Julian was there giving a speech to these people who were obviously student Vets. Mama J and Grandpa rushed me up the road as in the back of the truck was a sheep that they thought I might "start on". Well, anything to get on the telly! Any publicity good or bad is fine by me in my quest for fame!


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If you are living with the hepatitis C virus there has never been a better time to start treatment and get cured. Before 2016, many people with hep C avoided interferon treatment due to the lengthy treatment time, low cure rate and highly unpleasant side effects. All that has changed now with the arrival of new, very effective treatments that are available – and affordable – to adults in Australia with a Medicare number.
Unlike the previous Interferon treatment, the new direct acting antiviral treatments are very effective (95%+ cure rate) with no, or minimal, side effects and is taken in tablet form daily for between 8-12 weeks (although may need to be taken longer if cirrhosis or other liver disease is present).
In most cases, assessment and treatment can now be made through a family doctor or GP. Prescriptions can be collected from community chemists. Even if cirrhosis or liver disease is present, and treatment needs to be monitored through a Liver Clinic, the process is much easier than before.
Thousands of people across Australia have taken this opportunity to cure their hep C – they generally report greater levels of energy and improved wellbeing once they have completed treatment.
You can ask your GP to treat you for hep C
Australian doctors are now able to treat hep C and prescribe hep C treatment drugs that can be collected from community pharmacies. However, not all GPs or chemists are able to provide this service; you can find those that do from the Hepatitis NSW Directory.


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|Publishing Date
|"Pitbull, Jeb Bush and Marco Rubio Friendships Don't Equal Campaign Endorsements"
|Dec 15 2015
|"Will Rick Ross Be Investigated by Federal Law Enforcement?"
|Dec 15 2015
|"From Conservative Hip-Hop to White Power Rock, Rightwing Politics Inspires Woeful Music"
|Dec 16 2015
|"Hillary Clinton: 'I Want to be as Good a President as Beyoncé is a Performer"
|Dec 16 2015
|"Politics and Pop: New Research on Music, Politics, Young Voters"
|Dec 17 2015
|"Let's All Get in the Holiday Spirit with Candy Carson's Christmas Music"
|Dec 18 2015
|"Walmart Pulls Rick Ross' New Album"
|Dec 19 2015
|"Did Walmart Pull Rick Ross's Album Over Donald Trump Lyrics?"
|Dec 19 2015
|"Christie Cruises into NH with Family, Kicking off Bus Tour"
|Dec 19 2015
|"Kenny Rogers on Donald Trump: 'I Love What He Says, I Have to Admit'"
|Dec 21 2015
|"Henry Rollins Calls Donald Trump a 'Bored Rich Guy'"
|Dec 23 2015
|"Ben Carson Talks About His Love for Classical Music"
|Dec 23 2015
|"Slipknot's Corey Taylor: 'Republicans Need to F---ing Disavow' Donald Trump"
|Dec 26 2015
|"Watch Out Marco Rubio, Jeb Bush Knows Rap Too (And He's Gonna Steal Pitbull)"
|Dec 26 2015
|"Candidates Hope to Capture Some of Clinton Musical Magic from 1992"
|Dec 28 2015
|"Parody Song Ruthlessly Mocks Trump's 'Fascist' Ideas - but Trump Fans Love It, Anyway"
|Dec 29 2015
|"O'Malley Talks Taylor Swift in Beaverdale"
|Dec 30 2015
|"Alice Cooper Blasts Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton"
|Dec 31 2015
|"Eddie Vedder & Bill Maher Mock Donald Trump"
|Jan 2 2016
|"Frankie Cosmos, MAS YSA, Wet, and More to Play Bernie Sanders' Fundraising Concert"
|Jan 4 2016
|"Bernie Sanders Dance Party and Fundraiser Planned in Colrain"
|Jan 5 2016
|"Brooklyn is Berning: Bernie Sanders Scores Support from the Indie Music Community"
|Jan 6 2016
|"Killer Mike Talks Race, Bernie Sanders with Stephen Colbert"
|Jan 6 2016
|"Killer Mike Talks Racial Inequality, Bernie Sanders on 'Late Show'"
|Jan 6 2016
|"Killer Mike's killer Endorsement of Bernie Sanders [Video]"
|Jan 6 2016


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Sunday, June 02, 2013
Happy Sunday! (And where I'm at today...)
Today is a great day for several reasons, two of which are...
First, that I'm posting this morning at Lost Daughters, a place I love to be. It's the place where adoption blogging started for me. I am part of the amazing sisterhood there and blessed to be the spiritual columnist as well. To read today's post, go here.
Second, it's an amazing day because it's our Celebration Church beach day, picnic and water baptism at sunset, at Ft. Desoto. It's a day where we gather under a huge pavilion and grill out, and everybody brings tons of picnic foods -- sides and desserts. We eat and swim all day. It's so fun! I take one of my noodles out in the water and float and talk to friends out there most of the day. (And wear plenty of sunscreen!) When sunset is about to happen, we gather together at the water's edge and baptize people.
It's the best day ever.
I'm saying a prayer for everyone who reads here today. Just so you know. :)
Labels: Celebration Church, Lost Daughters, Weekend Wrap Up
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Raccoons have a cute exterior and many people enjoy watching them. As human habitats encroach on wildlife habitats, however, raccoons become a problem to both homeowner and gardener. Unfortunately, raccoons are wild animals that often attack domestic animals and can carry rabies and harbor parasites. Take these steps to make your yard less attractive to roving raccoons, which are nocturnal and normally do not appear in the garden until after sunset. Raccoons are omnivores so they enjoy consuming trash but will also dig up a tasty vegetable garden.
Place a radio outside in the garden and keep the volume low so neighbors are not disturbed. The raccoon a wild animal that does not enjoy the sound of the human voice. A radio will often keep skittish raccoons at bay.
Place garden lights or sensor lights in the garden. The lights will be triggered by the movement of the raccoon. When the bright light is triggered on, most raccoons will run away. Placing solar-powered lights that come on when the sun sets will also help keep raccoons out of the garden.
Pick up any trash around the garden area. Make sure all trash cans have lids firmly locked in place.
Carry bird feeders indoors every evening because many raccoons are attracted to birdseed. Rake up the fallen birdseed each evening. Store bags of birdseed in a garage, garden shed or other area the raccoon cannot reach.
Place dishrags soaked in ammonia and vinegar near holes or entrances in the fence line raccoons may use to enter the garden. The raccoon will not wish to come into contact with the unpleasant odor.
Avoid feeding or watering house pets outdoors. Many people feed local cats outside and this practice should be avoided since it readily attracts raccoons. If feeding a pet outside, remove all the food from the garden area prior to nightfall.
Place an electric fence around the garden using two wires of fencing. Always use an electric fence controller/charger for gardens so animals or humans are not injured or killed when they come into contact with the wire. Electric fence controllers or chargers work by pulsing at low voltage. Many models are solar powered. Place the first wire 2 inches above the ground and the second wire 2 inches above the first wire. Attach to fence posts using electric wire insulators. Most raccoons, after being shocked one time, never return.
Things You Will Need
- Electric garden fence charger
- Electric fence wire
- Fence poles
- Fence insulators for electric fence
- Sensor light
- Solar-powered garden lights.
- Garbage cans with secure lids
- Radio
- Trapping raccoons can prove dangerous. A raccoon is a wild animal and will attack if cornered. It will bite fingers or anything that comes into contact with the wire mesh of the trap. Local laws often prohibit the use of traps for wild animals by novices so check with your local authorities.
More Articles
- Scare Away a Crow That Won't Leave
- Keep Squirrels Out of Potted Plants
- How To Keep Stray Cats From Spraying a Yard
- How To Repel Animals in the Garden
- Do Scarecrows Really Work?
- Keep Groundhogs Out of Home Gardens
- Keep Chipmunks Away From My Tomato Plants
- Deter Geese From Your Lawn
- Keep Squirrels Out of a Vegetable Garden
- Keep Cats Out of Gardens with an Electric Fence
- Make a Garden Squirrel Repellent
- Keep a Skunk & Possum Away From Your Barn


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Do you think that it's better to do a good job than a bad job?
If you do, that's a problem.
It's a problem because it's not true.
You win at school if get an A in every course. That is how the system works. You are supposed to put a lot of time into everything. Things you love and things you hate.
We are taught to "Make an effort" and "Do your best". All the freaking time.
That's really bad advice.
"Do your worst!" – Now that is what I call advice.
You should ask yourself "What is the worst I can do? (And still be OK)".
The reason behind this is that most things does not matter.
There are probably a few things in your life that you care about. And a lot of things you don't care about.
I'm convinced that the best way to live a good life is to do more of the things you like and less of the things you dislike. (Did I just blow your mind?)
I advocate erasing things that we don't like from our lives. However, that is not always possible.
Here is a simple rule for the things you dislike in your calendar:
If you can't delete it, make sure to suck at it.
Still not convinced that you should start being awful?
No problem, I got three more arguments for you right here.
Why You Must Do Bad Work
First, let me define "Bad Work".
Bad Work is equal to putting in the least amount of time in order to accomplish a task.
Here we go, 3 reasons why you have to teach yourself to do Bad Work.
- Get more time for things you want to do
There are probably things you want to accomplish. Maybe you want to start a business on the side, write a book or spend more time with your cats.
Learn the art of bad work. Bad work gives you time.
In fact, you will find yourself wondering what to do with all the time.
2) Slap your inner perfectionist (And learn to ship)
It's always hard to share things. Perfection is paralyzing.
I want to edit these blog posts at least 10 more times before publishing.
I want to add five more features to my website before I launch it.
Whenever I start thinking I should spend a bit more time to perfect something I think about what Reid Hoffman famously said about launching a business:
"If you are not ashamed about your Beta you launch to late"
The reason is that 90% of everything is crap. But you never know which part, as sci-fi writer Theodore Sturgeon famously said.
Other people will tell you what is crap and what works.
You can't know if you're busy making something "perfect".
Then suddenly 10 years have passed before you realize you work on crap.
3) Practice being uncomfortable
While writing this article I had to do a presentation. It was mandatory but completely uninteresting. I knew I would pass if I did A presentation.
Still, I found myself doing a bit too much research, working with the slides and practicing.
I'm a big believer in practicing what you preach. So I stopped my research. In fact I made the slides uglier.
Then I did not practice what I was going to say. I just showed up.
It saved me at least two hours.
It's really uncomfortable to give a presentation without being prepared. It makes me anxious, which means that it's good for me.
Why is it hard to do bad work?
A misconception about bad work is that it's easier to do than good work.
This is not true either.
People always do what's easiest, we take the path of least resistance. And a lot of people do "great work" – ALL THE TIME.
Here is why.
A) We are taught to
In average we spend about 10 years in school. This is 10 years of being told to do your best all the time.
10 years is a long time. It's hard to unlearn something you've been told every week for 10 years.
B) Group Pressure
Everyone will notice that you did not put in as much work as you could have done.
Other people will give better presentations, hand in better papers and say smarter things at the meeting.
You might not get that extra pat on the shoulder from the teacher. Someone else will get a smile and a nod from the boss.
And all along, you know it could have been you – AND IT HURTS.
C) It's A Skill
It's not easy to do bad work.
We must practice. Bad work has two basic components:
- Defining the task
- 80/20 analysis
Instead of jumping in, invest some time into understanding the task really well. You should know EXACTLY what is expected.
Second, you perform a so called 80/20 analysis.
That is, answer the question "What 20% will yield 80% of the results?".
For example, I know I would pass the presentation if it was 10 minutes and I made some power point slides. That's it.
But what about my personal brand?
There is a ton of articles on how to build a "personal brand."
Most of these articles does not recommend giving an awful presentation about pea soup in front of 30 people.
Giving a bad presentation probably has a short term negative impact on your "personal brand" (although, how do you even measure that?).
BUT, you will be able to spend more time on what you love.
Then you will be happy and successful. Then you can tell people who have a problem with your "personal brand" to fu@$ off.
Do This Now
- Look at your calendar
- Write down one thing you don't want to do but have to do
- Figure out the minimum input possible.
- Do Bad Work
- Move on and spend a few extra hours with someone you like. Or watch Westworld. Or make some pea soup from scratch, whatever you want.


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Sakshi Malik storms into Asian Championships final
Returning to the mat after nearly a year since the bronze-medal feat at the Rio Olympics in August 2016, Sakshi outclassed Ayaulym Kassymova of Kazakhstan 15-3 to enter the finals. However, she was outclassed by the eventual gold medallist Yuli Susaki of Japan 9-0 in the semifinals. She continued to do well as she won by a technical fall, 15-3, against Ayaulym Kassymova of Kazakhstan.
Sports - All News
Julian Edelman Now Finds Himself Involved In Matt Harvey ControversyEven before the homestand, the Mets were roiled when Syndergaard refused the team's request to have an MRI, then tore a muscle in his next outing. You stand up, be accountable and move on. We live in a insane time: Teens are showing up to prom in coffins , the Paris Climate Agreement is tearing the Tiffany & Co. Conforto scored easily as Walker was embraced by teammates in between first and second base.
Ex-Browns, Ravens WR Michael Jackson killed in motorcycle crashOfficials say Jackson was driving a '13 Kawasaki on U.S. 51 around 1 AM at a "high rate of speed" when a 20-year-old woman backed out of a parking spot and into both lanes of the highway. The Southern Mississippi product was open in talking about the painful move for the players from being Cleveland Browns to Baltimore Ravens. He led the NFL in receiving touchdowns in 1996 but retired after injuries cut short his football-playing days.
Spurs vs. Rockets 2017, National Basketball Association playoffsThe Rockets lost in a puzzling awful fashion the Spurs , who were playing without Kawhi Leonard and Tony Parker, thanks in large part to a pretty bad game from James Harden . San Antonio compiled a 60-37 rebounding advantage and limited Houston to 28.6 percent shooting. Houston averaged 20.5 3-pointers in its two wins and just 13 in the four losses.
Manchester United captain Wayne Rooney: Of course I want to stay hereThe win could not have been better timed and was Wenger's first over Jose Mourinho in a league game. It's nice for them. "It is the first time I've left Highbury or the Emirates and they are happy". They focused more on their defence and tried to catch the other team in the counter-attack. "We want to try to win the Europa League". There are four teams that are fighting for the two position for the next year's champions league qualification.
Hull suffer relegation jitters, Man City move up to thirdWhile he has been backed by Short, former Manchester United boss Moyes hinted he wants to hear more about the club's ambitions for next season before committing to the battle to win promotion. Moyes said: "Even if some players go, we'd have the nucleus of a pretty good side". Alfred N'Diaye, too, missed a glorious opportunity when the score was 0-0.
James Harden's triple-double not enough as Rockets drop Game 5It was shocking to see Spurs coach Gregg Popovich sit Leonard for such a huge swath of the fourth quarter when the Spurs couldn't throw the basketball in the ocean. It's a feat accomplished by few, considering the Rockets guard has attempted 862 3-pointers this season, including the playoffs, with only 13 of those shots being blocked, according to research from ESPN Stats & Information.
Arsene Wenger ready to bring back Hector BellerinWenger also hailed the character of his side after they continued their resurgence following a bad run of form which saw them go from title contenders to sixth in the table - pointing to the FA Cup semi-final win over Manchester City as the turning point.
National Hockey League playoffs: Blues win to tie seriesHe was right, which is probably why captain Alex Pietrangelo conceded that the Blues must take a look in the proverbial mirror. If there is any player in the National Hockey League who can help them get there, it is certainly Tarasenko. "He's another guy that helps us get to our game", Yeo said . The Blues were outshot 34-23 and went through a stretch of not registering a shot on goal for over 13 minutes.
Moyes to remain at SunderlandIt is a moment to be calm. We tried to do things too fast in the game and doing things fast and well is not easy. "He's a good person, and when you are a good person life smiles at you", Niasse said. "It can swing so quickly the other way", Clement said. However, the two sides finishing on exactly same record (points, goal difference and goals scored) is a definite possibility and would lead to a 39th game at a neutral venue taking place between both teams .
Will give my best in Champions Trophy, says Mohammed ShamiWhile Rohit sustained a thigh injury during the One Day International (ODI) series against New Zealand in October past year Shami's last appearance in ODIs was in the 2015 World Cup semi-finals. "Looking forward to Champions Trophy", he said. "We will groom him for the future". Off-spinner Ravichandran Ashwin, who has skipped the IPL owing to a sports hernia injury, has been included.
Wizards-Celtics Rivalry Renewed for the PlayoffsNow, there's just one sour narrative still lingering - that being that the Celtics can win in Washington . The Celtics found themselves down double digits after the first quarter in three of the previous four games, and they led by only four points after the opening quarter of Game 4, a game they wound up losing by 19 thanks to a terrible start to the second half.