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Ever since the last Engine regulation change took place, one of the manufacturers was initially criticized for being underpowered and being lost out to its rivals. But with its Unique USP and with the help of its strong customers, it has now emerged as a powerful and a tempting player to the teams on the grid. Needless to say, Renault might be underpowered yet they are the undisputed champions..
The Engine Freeze is one hot topic which has been making an impact on a certain manufacturer and its customers for so long. Yes, We are talking about Renault. That famous manufacturer whose association with Formula 1 dates back to 1977. For starters, Renault were the first to introduce turbochargers to Formula 1, innovation has never been a hurdle for them. Their works team from time and time have introduced many innovative concepts to Formula 1 and the list goes on from Side Exhaust in 1986 to Forward Exhaust in 2011. It was unfortunate to see them exit as a team from the pinnacle of the sport, Fortunately they have continued their presence in Formula 1 as an Engine supplier and have been very well successful but yet criticized.
2006 was a major year in Formula 1 with the sport downgrading its power units to V8 2.4L from the powerful V10 3.0L engines. Although certain teams continued to use the V10 units for a certain time even after the rules were set in, it was all about V8's and the selfish manufacturers that ruled the news for more than a couple of years from the onset of these rules. The term 'selfish' can be tricky but when the FIA Technical department proposed three packages to TWG(Formula 1 Technical Working Group) for the regulation change from 2006 season, it was agreed that they would pick the second package which imposes fewer restrictions on Engine and less Aerodynamic Freedom compared to Package 1 which contained more Aerodynamic Freedom and maximum Engine Restrictions. The Package 3 had maximum restrictions on Aerodynamics but with limited restrictions on the Engine. However teams didn't unanimously agree to the package 2 as the negotiation went on for several days although other packages were shelved off as soon as they were suggested. TWG had to pick the safe option but eventually they understood the term recession and had to make further changes while many teams were still unwilling to bow down. It was revealed in mid 2006 that once the Engine Homologation takes place for the final two races, the same engine specification must be used until the end of the 2010. This was termed as the Engine Freeze but few manufacturers understood that they were caught in a loop as their units aren't as powerful as its rivals.
Renault were one of the unlucky ones to be pointed out for being way off the radar as compared to its rivals. Although their pace difference wasn't exactly noticeable all thanks to the huge number of suppliers present in the field. It was evident that their power units were one of the underpowered ones. The works team had to be credited for taking the championship fight to its much powerful rivals both on and off the track. 2007 was the first year since their purchase of the Benetton team that they decided to expand their presence in Formula 1. Red Bull was their first customer and that Austrian team at that point moved from Ferrari to this French supplier. Many people who had actually written off Red Bull on their arrival were further convinced that Renault's deal was done to keep their costs low but the powerful duo of Adrian Newey and Christian Horner revealed that it was down to Renault's low fuel consumption that sealed the move from Ferrari units. Lots of questions were raised and many remained unanswered mostly on the efficiency of this engine with low fuel consumption but then again with many number of suppliers, it wasn't clearly understood how many teams were lacking on the power and how many teams were prone to reliability issues as the 2007 season was the first of the Engine Freeze effect and this drew excitement in the air. FIA had also suggested that any changes that had to be made to the engines can be done but it will be monitored by them. However such a move to lift the Engine freeze was done over the course of winter in the 2008-2009 season when Renault was agreed to bring performance improvement to its units but the FIA again warned that it would not become a regular event unless the manufacturers unanimously agree to a proposal of engine unfreeze. On January 27th 2009, Charlie Whiting issued a statement which confirmed the one off event.
"We gave all the teams the opportunity to submit a list of things they would like to change in order to achieve engine parity, because there seemed to be some disparity between engine performance, which was not intended. It's what I would describe as a minor upgrade. It's a one-off thing; it's not an on-going thing. Now, teams have submitted their list; we've agreed to it and that's the end of it until 2012." - Charlie Whiting
2009 was also the season when the FIA decided to increase the reliability of engines and this was done by reducing the rev limits from 19,000 RPM to 18,000 RPM. It was the time when reliability and recession were at peak and hence the eight engine per season rule was introduced which was on the whole expected lines. But the major concerns of the teams remained unanswered as to how big the advantage does the Mercedes units has over its rivals despite the one off unfreeze that Renault enjoyed. The concerns of the teams were highlighted after the race at the temple of speed(at Monza) when the Mercedes units dominated the qualifying with 6 of the Top 7 being powered by them. The previous weekend at Spa also saw a similar result with the Mercedes units clearly dominating and this led to few vocal outburst on the engine parity with Christian Horner topping the protest.
"The FIA has all the information they can see where the differences are on, I don't think it is a coincidence that you have three Mercedes-powered teams that dominated six out of the top seven places in qualifying and looked dominant again here in the race today. So, the FIA I am sure, they have all that information to hand, but it is always the danger of a freeze that you can freeze in a competitive advantage."
Even the Red Bull drivers backed their boss on several occasions as they felt the need to unfreeze the engine development to ensure they are on par with others.
"...We've been looking for engine parity for the last few years. We know we don't have the most powerful engine. When we go to a track where there are not many straights, the car is good because we've had to try incredibly hard to get the car performing in this type of situation, so we would love parity with the engine. Other teams sometimes want everything, but we need parity on the engine and then it would be a fair game. That's all we want, again, is similar horsepower to other teams and this is another example, when you go to different venues like here, we see who has a nice car. It's not a one way street with this stuff you know." - Mark Webber
On their part, FIA clarified that it was open to engine unfreeze if all the outfits agree to the decision but this time it was not with the underpowered units but rather with the mighty ones, the top manufacturer who have to detune their units.
"Following suggestions that there is a differential between the performance of engines used in Formula 1, the World Motor Sport Council has decided that should this be the case, and should the teams wish to eliminate this performance differential, they may be allowed to do so by reducing the performance of the more powerful engines. However, no engine upgrades will be allowed." - FIA Governing Council
The time frame of these developments have happened over the course of 2007-2010 seasons. It's not that Renault alone had a special permission for Engine Unfreeze, its rivals too had joined the fray as they demanded a special permission to ensure they develop the engines in a bid to increase its reliability. The notable rival being Ferrari in 2010 when they developed their engines in a bid to improve its reliability after being hampered by severe issues with its power units.
Not everyone understands the need of engine freeze, on a economic condition as this, it is important to keep the costs low and one way of doing this is the engine freeze or the use of standardized engines. Since the latter is literally impossible in Formula 1, Engine Freeze paved its way into Formula 1. It's also not a case of favoring certain people or a certain manufacturer, Although some people make advance developments to their unit, the USP of each manufacturer differs and this is when they make an impact. Over the course of the seasons, Red Bull demanded the engine unfreeze, its understandable as they are the biggest customers of the most criticized engines but the way they demanded the unfreeze wasn't acceptable. It is not about power as Red Bull stated on several occasions, its about the package that they have and this is most important as the car more or less revolves around this package. Renault have a power deficiency but yet they are low on fuel consumption and in the modern day period when the cars are fuelled to the finish, it has become such an advantage to the teams using this power unit. The weight of this power units will also play a major factor in the design of the chassis and Renault have excelled on this aspect as well and lastly the size of this unit will also aid the design concepts and Renault is one of the compact units on the grid. All these have aided Red Bull and other Renault teams ever since refuelling ban was put into effect and Renault engines have significantly excelled in the aftermath of these modern rules. It should be noted that many of these points would have been considered by Red Bull when they acquired the services of Renault but yet they complained during their initial days. It was really strange but everyone on the grid is selfish for more and the Austrian team is no exception.
It's really debatable as to what really is the greatest thing on the grid. The Drivers, The Cars or the Engines and there is so much that we could add to the list but over the last decade or so, Especially to a common man, the engines has certainly lost an importance and more so ever since the engine freeze was put into effect but it actually it plays an X-Factor in this sport. The Teams like Renault definitely complained over the engine freeze but ironically they are the ones who stood up tall after the major regulation change in 2009 and also when refuelling was put into effect. The most powerful units on the grid due to the high fuel consumption suffered from issues with weight of the car as a whole and this impacted on the tyres as well and they are the ones who are now on a back foot.
Renault cannot term this as a golden period, they have tasted far more success in Formula 1 and this cannot match up to their past experiences. This era has actually generated a huge challenge for them and the manufacturer should have certainly learned from this experience. The major trouble was the repeated failures of either of the Red Bull cars in the last 3 years due to an engine failure and upon analyzing this incidents it was said that the cooling unit of the Red Bull are much smaller and this adds further burden to the engines. The Engine failures in the Red Bull camp has certainly impacted on the title fights and many last race finishes in the last few years were thanks to the failure of Renault engine although the KERS unit of Red Bull and other components have played a part as well. The most recent controversy has been the Alternator failure which drew flak from the F1 universe as Red Bull in particular have suffered repeated failures of the same while other customers of Renault including Lotus faced the issue at least once.
" We win together and we lose together, Its the team, its the engine and its combination that puts us in that position in the first place and without them we wouldn't have the luxury to even complain" - Sebastian Vettel
After the excessive failures of Alternator at Valencia, Renault has worked on the updates and has provided its customers an updated specification. It took them sometime to work on the issue and the top two teams of the Renault stable were reportedly using the older specifications of the component while Caterham have reportedly continued using the same. It was told that Renault had suggested Red Bull to switch to the older specification after the Monza Grand Prix in a bid to avert the failures. But Mark Webber suffered the same issue at Austin while this was the time when Grosjean and the Caterham team were using the updated specification. Renault finally introduced their upgraded package ahead of the Interlagos Grand Prix and all of its customers were using an updated specification for the final race.
This prolonged issue has certainly drew protest from the Red Bull camp who were repeatedly asking Renault to dump its component supplier but Renault defended the supplier and a cold war was on for a few weeks. But the major concern was that Renault never really managed to identify what caused the failures and this was a worrying sign for many. Initially it was reported from the Renault camp that low RPM corners caused the failures and this forced Renault to increase the length of the stator and rotor by 10 mm as the current demand exceeded the alternator supply. But then the investigations went on for more then a couple of months as the alternator supplier had admitted that they are not to be blamed for the failures and Renault had to issue a statement by mentioning that their entire package was being investigated. Meanwhile some of the other customers of Renault put the blame on Adrian Newey and stated that the tightly packaged Red Bull might be the cause of failures.
Although the case now stands to be closed with the upgraded units at Austin functioning well for all the customers of Renault, It is widely expected that this manufacturer works over the winter to ensure that they don't end up being in trouble again over that issue as it would definitely spoil the amazing relationship that they have with other teams.
Speaking of amazing relationship, it should be noted that all through last season especially around the British Grand Prix when Charlie Whiting was talking of halting the progress made by Engine Mapping and Blown Diffuser, Red Bull and Renault rushed up to Whiting and appealed that any changes that were made at that point would significantly hurt their reliability which stopped a regulation change and then it was found around mid summer this season that Red Bull and Renault are exploiting a loophole in way Torque maps are handled and this didn't please the FIA and they made new rules to ensure that no other team exploited this loophole. From then on, if a team has to alter the Torque maps, they had to contact the FIA for any tweaks as such.
It is really amazing to see the relationship between Renault and Red Bull. Over the course of 2009 and 2010 seasons, it was a well known fact that Red Bull had been trying to acquire the services of Mercedes. But due to the powerful opposition in the form of Ross Brawn and the McLaren team, the move didn't happen and it was again reported that people within the Red Bull camp themselves aren't happy with the proposed move. It was really a good decision in the end as what started as a cautious partnership has now turned into a fruitful one with Red Bull now being a high priority customer of Renault.
Renault has proved over the last few years that patience is certainly an important factor in achieving success but more importantly there was an element of luck involved in changing the fortunes of a team. Renault had a certain degree of USP which would have definitely gone their way but they needed a powerful platform to showcase its mettle and the improved form of Red Bull was enough to elevate itself into the top of the ladder and we can say that they were largely aided by the regulations changes as well.
The future of Renault certainly looks bright with at least two of its teams are looking set for the championship fight for the next season and beyond but reliability is certainly an important factor that they need to deal with. We should wonder if the Austrian team could sustain any more failure or issues with the engine, inspite of the team and its partner writing a success story and enjoying a strongest relationship on the paddock. We could never say never in Formula 1 and the Austrian team could be signing a deal with a rival manufacturer sooner than imagined.
But for now, its all about Renault and its success story. For a manufacturer that was criticized and are still being criticized by many. They have proved to be excellent lucrative package and are set to rope in more teams by 2014. The question remains as to what exactly is the cause of the success. Was it the regulation change or was Adrian Newey and his relationship with Renault changed the fortunes of this struggling manufacturer?
Renault meanwhile are continuing to work on the 2014 regulation change and it will be interesting to see how they approach the next phase. Would they work on their power deficient or would they continue to focus on fuel consumption?
We have to say that its the combination of factors that aided Renault in their success story, the regulation change aided by the work of Adrian Newey has ensured that they reach an elite group of manufacturers whose power units have paved way for 10 or more titles. They are now chasing Ferrari who are leading with 220 wins and 15 Titles to their name and if Renault manages to keep their focus on Formula 1. More wins and titles could come in their way provided that they keep a certain USP along its development path
"This result fully justifies Renault's decision to return to F1 engine supply and will provide additional motivation as we move forward to our next challenges : continued success in F1 and preparing for the introduction of the new engine regulations in 2014" - Renault president Carlos Ghosn on Red Bull's 2012 Title triumph
31/12/2012 01:41:00 am
it's a 2.4L V8, and everyone had to have it at the same time. no one was running a V10 against the V8. i don't know if i want to keep reading this... shameful!
31/12/2012 02:40:20 am
Toro Rosso continued to use V10's for 2006 with a rev limiter to avoid the costs of re-engineering their car.
13/5/2013 02:06:02 pm
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July 6, 2017 | By Admin
In need of an easy to eat restaurant at a reasonable price? Visit Kao Tom Aong Jib Joy and try out their special dishes Northeastern Fish Sausage,serving hot from the pan, Grilled Shrimps, Grilled Mackerel, and a tasty bowl of boiled rice.
Location :Khao Sam Muk
Tel.0-3874-8371 ,08-6849-9097
Chef's Recommendation : Boiled Rice, Grilled Mackerel, Grilled Prawn , Northeastern Fish Sausagek

subset: commoncrawl


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This has been a sad time for me. It feels like the end of an era! I have had a Bullet Journal for going on two years now, it is something I have grown with and created to be something I have needed for me, to help with organising, planning and generally taking notes. However it is time for me to move on.
Why The Change?
I know this all seems very extreme, but when you have gotten used to something for so long, it takes some time to get used to such a change! But it has been done, and I have moved on from having a Bullet Journal and gone for something that I have wanted for some time, a Happy Planner.
In a very simple way, I couldn't keep up with my Bullet Journal, I had so much love for it, it was my pride and joy (honestly...). With my change in job last month and a lot of my time being spent there, I am not able to devote as much time to my Bullet Journal as I would really like to. I am completely ok with that, I completely loved the creative side of my Bullet Journal, but I can also do that with the Happy Planner. While it has been an expense, it is not one I regret, and it means I can still plan like a crazy person but it is not necessarily quite as time consuming.
This is not to say I am not open to creating a Journal again. I do have a notebook set up until the end of the year but I am in two minds about using it! I still have until September to decide what I am going to do, but at the moment I feel like it is not the right thing to do!
What Is A Happy Planner?
A Happy Planner is very similar to an Erin Condren planner, however as EC are simply out of my budget and personalised greatly I just cannot justify getting one. So I had been looking into getting a Happy Planner and was literally over the moon when I saw Suzy Stick It had a little sale on the Happy Planners she had in stock, and thats when I thought it was the perfect time to place an order!
The layout is by month, obvs, with a goals page which was so unexpected and I love! It is then set out weekly, with four or five spreads per month depending on how many weeks the month is spread over! There is then 3 boxes per day, so 3 rows per week, meaning I can split my days up into three sections.
I generally ordered around a good time, as a lot of the Planner Stickers I had been eyeing up were part of shops taking part in a Christmas in July sale, and we all love a bargain. While I did buy a fair bit to get me started and get me through several months, I did get it cheaper than I normally would, so that's a win right?
You can see my Sticker Haul for my Happy Planner here, I did purchase many more stickers but stupidly stuck them all in before taking photos, what a terrible blogger I am! However I do plan on showing how I am using my Happy Planner and this would be a great way for me to show you the other kits I got!
Why I Chose A Happy Planner?
I honestly think that this is the best thing I've ever chosen! A month or so ago, my head was a mess, I literally could not get my thoughts together. I was so frustrated and my Bullet Journal wasn't laid out in a way that was working for me anymore. So with the new layout of the Happy Planner, it has made the world of difference.
For now, using the layout, I have gone with a to do list at the top, a decorative box and then a meal plan all along the bottom. I have recently seen some other spreads that could potentially mix up what I have done already but I can do it in the future.
Long story short, I got the Happy Planner because it could organise different aspects of my life, such as general life, studying, blogging and most importantly my meal plan!
How I Plan On Using My Happy Planner:
To state the obvious, to plan of course! As I have mentioned already, I have split the day up into 3 and it means that if I wanted to, I can plan weeks in advance! At the moment my focus is very much on losing weight and it means I can plan out the week of meals to make sure I am eating on plan!
Would you prefer to see weekly or monthly updates for my Happy Planner? Is there anything to do with planning you would love for me to share?
If you enjoyed reading this post, please leave a comment and follow me on Social Media to keep up to date with me and my blog!
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Drop Earrings with Created Sapphire & Diamonds in 10kt Yellow & White Gold
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Customer Reviews
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Islam vs. Islamists: Voices From the Muslim Center
A documentary about moderate Muslims in North America and Western Europe who, when they speak out against fundamentalist Muslims, meet resistance from others in their faith.
The program airs on WHYY TV12, tonight at 10:00pm
There has been a lot of controversy surrounding the content of this program. Now that you have seen the show for yourself weigh in with your thoughts.Explore posts in the same categories: Uncategorized
2 Comments on "Islam vs. Islamists: Voices From the Muslim Center"
August 20, 2007 at 10:41 pm
I was kind of disappointed by the rather rough and breathless production. Also disappointed to hear that it was supposed to be part of the series "America at a Crossroads", I would have liked more context, as a stand alone you can see the holes.
On the other hand, some of the interviews and the information imparted was rather disturbing.The fact that the Imam who spread the news about the Danish cartoons throughout the Islamic world misrepresented information to them in order to press an agenda in Denmark concerned me. And to be honest, it was interesting hearing from the Sufi Imam and the Black Islam representative about the influx of money from Saudi Arabia and the increase in influence of Wahabi Islam throughout the Western world.
All in all, the documentary felt a bit rushed and left me with the feeling that many issues could have been dealt with in more detail.
August 25, 2007 at 9:45 am
These Sunni and Shia clerics follow sectarian Islam that relies on hadiths for 95% of its jurisprudence. Hadiths were "compiled" 2 to 3 centuries after the prophet. Each sects have hadiths that refutes the other. The prophet never left behind him any hadiths. The only text the prophet and the 4 caliphs left behind and spread was the Koran.
The Koran gave COMPLETE freedom for anyone. I mean anyone so long as the person does not commit violence.
The Quran(Koran) Concerning other monotheist faiths:
Not all of them are alike; a party of the people of the Scripture stand for the right, they recite the Verses of God during the hours of the night, prostrating themselves in prayer. They believe in God and the Last Day; they enjoin good and forbid wrong; and they hasten in good works; and they are among the righteous. And whatever good they do, nothing will be rejected of them; for God knows well those who are God fearing. 3:113-115
And there are, certainly, among the people of the Scripture, those who believe in God and in that which has been revealed to you, and in that which has been revealed to them, humbling themselves before God. They do not sell the Verses of God for a little price, for them is a reward with their Lord. Surely, God is Swift in account. 3:199
Verily! Those who believe and those who are Jews and Christians, and Sabians, whoever believes in God and the Last Day and do righteous good deeds shall have their reward with their Lord, on them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve . 2:62
Say: "O people of the Scripture : Come to a word that is just between us and you, that we worship none but God, and that we associate no partners with Him, and that none of us shall take others as lords besides God. 3:64
And they say: "None shall enter Paradise unless he be a Jew or a Christian." Those are their (vain) desires. Say: "Produce your proof if ye are truthful."Nay,-whoever submits His whole self to God and is a doer of good,- He will get his reward with his Lord; on such shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve. The Jews say: "The Christians have naught (to stand) upon; and the Christians say: "The Jews have naught (To stand) upon." Yet they study the (same) Book. Like unto their word is what those say who know not; but God will judge between them in their quarrel on the Day of Judgment. 2.111-113
If any do deeds of righteousness,- be they male or female – and have faith, they will enter Heaven, and not the least injustice will be done to them 4.124
The Quran(Koran) Concerning who we fight or don't:
As for such who do not fight you on account of faith, or drive you forth from your homelands, God does not forbid you to show them kindness and to deal with them with equity, for God loves those who act equitably. God only forbids you to turn in friendship towards such as fight against you because of faith and drive you forth from your homelands or aid in driving you forth. As for those from among you who turn towards them for alliance, it is they who are wrongdoers. 60:8-9
Permission (to fight) is given to those against whom war is being wrongfully waged, and verily, God has indeed the power to aid them. Those who have been driven from their homelands in defiance of right for no other reason than their saying, 'Our Lord is God.' 22:39-40
The Quran(Koran) Concerning freedom:
2:256 There is no compulsion in religion, for the right way is clearly from the wrong way. Whoever therefore rejects the forces of evil and believes in God, he has taken hold of a support most unfailing, which shall never give way, for God is All Hearing and Knowing.
16:82 But if they turn away from you, your only duty is a clear delivery of the Message .
6:107 Yet if God had so willed, they would not have ascribed Divinity to aught besides Him; hence, We have not made you their keeper, nor are you a guardian over them.
4:79-80 Say:'Whatever good betides you is from God and whatever evil betides you is from your own self and that We have sent you to mankind only as a messenger and all sufficing is God as witness. Whoso obeys the Messenger, he indeed obeys God. And for those who turn away, We have not sent you as a keeper."
11:28 He (Noah) said "O my people! think over it! If I act upon a clear direction from my Lord who has bestowed on me from Himself the Merciful talent of seeing the right way, a way which you cannot see for yourself, does it follow that we can force you to take the right path when you definitely decline to take it?°
17:53-54 And tell my servants that they should speak in a most kindly manner. Verily, Satan is always ready to stir up discord between men; for verily; Satan is mans foe …. Hence, We have not sent you with power to determine their Faith.
21:107-109 (O Prophet?) 'We have not sent you except to be a mercy to all mankind:" Declare, "Verily, what is revealed to me is this, your God is the only One God, so is it not up to you to bow down to Him?' But if they turn away then say, "I have delivered the Truth in a manner clear to one and all, and I know not whether the promised hour is near or far."
22:67 To every people have We appointed ceremonial rites which they observe; therefore, let them not wrangle over this matter with you, but bid them to turn to your Lord. You indeed are rightly guided. But if they still dispute you in this matter, `God best knows what you do."
24.54. Say: "Obey Allah, and obey the Messenger. but if ye turn away, he is only responsible for the duty placed on him and ye for that placed on you. If ye obey him, ye shall be on right guidance. The Messenger's duty is only to preach the clear (Message).
88:21 22; And so, exhort them your task is only to exhort; you cannot compel them to believe.
48:28 He it is Who has sent forth His Messenger with the Guidance and the Religion of Truth, to the end that tie make it prevail over every religion, and none can bear witness to the Truth as God does.
36:16 17 (Three Messengers to their people) Said, "Our Sustainer knows that we have indeed been sent unto you, but we are not bound to more than clearly deliver the Message entrusted to us.'
39:41 Assuredly, We have sent down the Book to you in right form for the good of man. Whoso guided himself by it does so to his own advantage, and whoso turns away from it does so at his own loss. You certainly are not their keeper.
42:6 48 And whoso takes for patrons others besides God, over them does God keep a watch. Mark, you are not a keeper over them. But if they turn aside from you (do not get disheartened), for We have not sent you to be a keeper over them; your task is but to preach ….
64:12 Obey God then and obey the Messenger, but if you turn away (no blame shall attach to our Messenger), for the duty of Our Messenger is just to deliver the message.
67:25 26 And they ask, "When shall the promise be fulfilled if you speak the Truth?" Say, "The knowledge of it is verily with God alone, and verily I am but a plain warner."
The Quran(Koran) concerning justice:
"And among His signs are the creation of the heaven and earth, and the variation in your language and your colors; verily in that are signs for those who know" (30:22).
"Satan seeks only to cast among you enmity and hate"(5:91).
O you who believe! Stand out for justice, as witnesses to God, and even as against yourselves, or your parents, or your kin, and whether it be rich or poor. An-Nisaa' 4:134
"O you who believe! Be the maintainers of justice and bearers of witness for God's sake though it be against your own self, parents and relatives" (4:135).
"O you mankind! We have created you from a single pair of male and female and made you into nations and tribes so that you know each other. Verily the most honored in the sight of God is the one who is most righteous" (49:13).
O you who believe! Stand out firmly for God, as witnesses to fair dealing, and let not the hatred of others to you make you swerve to wrong and depart from justice. Be just: that is next to piety and fear God, for God is well acquainted with all that you do. 5:8
And thus We made of you a justly balanced community that you might bear witness to humankind and the Apostle might bear witness over you. 2:143
O you who believe, observe your duty to God with right observance, and die not except in a state of submission (to Him). And hold fast, all of you together, to the rope of God, and do not separate, and remember God's favor unto you: how you were enemies and He put love between your hearts so that you became as brothers by His grace: and how you were upon the brink of a fire and He saved you from it. Thus God makes clear His revelations unto you so that you may be guided" (3:102-103).
"The believers are nothing else other than brothers, Thus make peace between your brethren and observe your duty to God that you may haply receive His mercy" (49: 1 0).
The Quran(Koran) Concerning propagation:
Invite (all humankind) to the path of your Lord with wisdom and goodly exhortation and argue with them in the most kindly manner, for, indeed, your Lord knows best as to who strays from His path, and best who are the right-guided. (16:125)
Had your Lord so willed, all those who live on earth would surely have attained faith, will you then compel people, against their will, to believe? 10:99
And We have not sent you, but as mercy to all the worlds. 21:107
Islam is peace!


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Main Findings – Israel's Social Services 2005
Author: Yaakov Kop
Policy Research
April 09, 2006
The main findings of the research that appears in the Center's annual publication are presented here.
A summary of findings in the following areas appear here: Government Expenditure for Social Services; Education; Health Care; Personal Social Services; Transfer Payments – National Insurance Benefits; The 2005 Social Survey; Privatization of Social Services; A Framework for Discussion; Education: On Privatization and Education; Welfare: Efficiency and Quality in Nursing Homes – NPOs versus Business Entities; Health Care: Relations Between Community-Based Medical Services and the Inpatient System.
This appears as a chapter in the Center's annual publication, Israel's Social Services 2005, Yaakov Kop (editor).


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Jun 27, 2006
Jun 27, 2006
Replacing a social life with a career, bestselling romance novelist Emily Shann has gotten by on a vivid imagination, hiding a shocking secret that not even her publisher suspects—until she's asked to write something that's hotter, sexier, more explicit, and true to life. Emily has nowhere to turn for advice except to her new editor—tall, dark, and handsome Michael Devlin—who's already stirring her fantasies. So is The Channel—a secret network designed to tutor women in the art of sensual delight. Now more willing than ever before, she must convince Devlin to teach her everything he knows…if her literary fantasies are finally to become unedited flesh-and-blood reality.
Bertrice Small was the New York Times bestselling author of more than fifty novels. Among her numerous awards, she was the recipient of the RWA Nora Roberts Lifetime Achievement Award. She lived on the North Fork of the eastern end of Long Island,… More about Bertrice Small
"Spectacular storytelling….Ms. Small has another winner on her hands."—Barbara Bretton, Author of Someone Like You
"Nothing is forbidden in this hot, sexy, luscious confection of a novel. I devoured it." Thea Devine, Author of His Little Black Book
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It's a good time to sell your house. What are you waiting for?
Looking to sell your home? You picked a great time, especially in the Indianapolis area. We spoke to several local real estate experts and they told us why.
When you were in your 20s and 30s, you were nimble and ready to put a "For Sale" sign in the yard at a moment's notice. But at this point in your life, you may believe that that next move, which possibly is your last, translates to a loss of independence.
But the fact of the matter is proactively selling your home (in other words, before you have to) actually helps you maintain control of your life.
Why should you be proactive?
First, being proactive allows you to pick the best market in which to sell. Take right now, for example. In 2014, the average sales price for homes in metropolitan Indianapolis was up 12.6 percent over 2012, according to the Metropolitan Indianapolis Board of Realtors®. And prices are predicted to remain high into 2015. On top of that, the first few months of the year are the best time to sell because inventory is usually lower than when the weather warms up, says Connie Jurey, current president of Indiana Real Estate Independent Brokers Association (IREIBA).
You'll also get a better price when you have time to wait for it. "I recommend seniors list their homes long before they need assisted living to get the best price, rather than when they are desperate to get rid of it and may have to take a lower offer," says Jurey, who is also broker/owner of House Smart ™ Realty, LLC in Indianapolis. In addition to higher prices, "Lower [interest] rates mean a larger pool of buyers for seniors to sell to," adds Jurey.
Plus, if you're in control of the timing of your move, rather than leaving it up to Mother Nature, you won't have to rely on family and friends to sort through your years of possessions. The decision about what to get rid of and what to keep will be all yours.
In 2014, the average sales price for homes in metropolitan Indianapolis was up 12.6% over 2012
Is my house ready to sell?
Thankfully, you probably won't have to spend a lot of dollars and hours fixing up your house in order to put it on the market, says Jurey, who recommends to clients to first make sure everything is working—from the furnace to the faucets. Next, she suggests that sellers de-clutter all the rooms (that will also give you a head start on your move). While you don't have to worry about major renovations, small updates like replacing lighting and carpet and removing wallpaper can make a big difference.
Any aging-in-place modifications that you've done while you lived in your home, like grab bars, high-rise toilets and lever handles on doors and faucets, should give you an advantage when you sell. "By adding these items, it's definitely going to raise the value [of your home]," explains Bill Stevens, Vice President of Unique Home Solutions, which serves Indianapolis. Stevens is also President of the Home Safety Division of Unique Home Solutions.
Where do you go from here?
Jurey finds that many of her 62- to 78-year-old clients are moving to maintenance-free living communities, sometimes known as active adult or 55+ communities, to give them the freedom to enjoy their retirement. You can also choose an Independent Living retirement community if you require little or no assistance but are looking for social engagement and a supportive environment.
Another popular path is downsizing to a smaller house or condo and making some modifications that will help you live there safely longer. Gordon Elson, owner of Seniors Handyman in Indianapolis, who is a Certified Aging-in-Place (CAPS) Specialist, not only assists seniors with repairs and updates while they're living in their homes and when they're ready to sell, but he also retrofits their new homes with grab bars, walk-in showers, wheelchair ramps and more. Says Elson, "We help people do what they want to do and stay in their homes as long as they can."
But don't worry that only seniors will be interested in your home once you've made these changes. "Modifications are designed to look more age-friendly now," says Stevens, who also has the CAPS credential. Aging-in-place additions, such as grab bars that double as toilet paper holders and high-rise toilets, are inconspicuous to the average homebuyer. And other renovations like easy-access showers are popular with homeowners of all ages.
Who knows how long this favorable real estate market will last? Take advantage of it now… and take control of your own destiny!


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Grace really wanted to take her own pictures of Cole blowing out the candles!
The birthday boy on his almost birthday!
Emma was very excited for cake!
Grace taking her pictures
The kids all had cake and enjoyed it! I was a good girl and opted out.Ale House, so Cole could get his free birthday dinner.
The babies being super nosy!
It was such a nice day out that after dinner we took the kids to Peaceful Meadows to see the cows and get some ice cream. I again, was a good girl and opted out of ice cream. The kids all loved their ice cream!
Grace wanted to be like Daddy and chose coffee ice cream, just like him. Although Cole chose to have his in shake form.
It was so windy out!
The babies like to be independent and refuse to let you help them eat, it definitely was a bathie night!
Grace likes to get her ice cream in a cup and then a little at a time put it in a cone.
After the kids finished their ice cream we went to say hi to the cows.
The Friday after Cole's birthday we had the Brennans' over to celebrate again. I made the best kind of cupcakes, funfetti cake in ice cream cones, with rainbow chip frosting. I did give in a little and I had 1/2 a cupcake, it was so worth it!


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It's been a busy week for Bex and the Bexicans, this week.
Scream was picked up for a second season (yay!), and to celebrate, Bex appeared on The John Kerwin Show (will let you know when it's airing) and Hollywood Today Live. Check out the interview on HTL.
We know we're biased, but it's adorable.
Special bonus question: what year was the Wilhelm Scream recorded?


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Replas has a range of decking solutions suitable for both commercial and residential use. Choose from Australian made Enduroplank™ recycled plastic decking or Trex®, the world's number one decking brand, to find the perfect construction material for your next project. Replas products can be used to create decks, footpaths, bridges, beach access paths and jetties.
Enduroplank™ is an Australian made recycled plastic decking that is the perfect construction material for decks, footpaths, bridges, beach access paths and jetties.
Trex® decking is distributed in Australia by Replas. With unparalleled beauty and a 25 Year Fade and Stain Warranty is perfect for the home or commercial use.
Replas can confirm that in all plastic components manufactured by RPA we are using 98% recycled plastic material, with the remainder being the Master Batch, Light Fastener, and UV stabiliser package. The 98% recycled material content, by mass, is in line with AS/NZS ISO 14021.
Cost Effective
Long Lasting
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Prevent slips on jetties, boardwalks, pools and wet areas.
Ideal for a range of infrastructure uses such as boardwalks, floating decks, swale bridges and pathways.
With unparalleled beauty and a 25 Year Fade and Stain Warranty Trex® decking is perfect for home or commercial use.
The innovative design of the composite fibre structural components allows them to be seamlessly integrated with Enduroplank™.
Environmentally Friendly
Replas' plastic recycling leads to low maintenance products that are designed to last. Recycled plastic is resistant to termites, microorganisms and moisture, and will never split, rot, crack or need painting. Through the REDcycle Program Replas is proud to partner with companies, such as Coles and Woolworths, who have taken responsibility for the plastic waste they create. The soft plastic material collected through the program can be recycled by Replas and turned into products designed for outdoor use within the community.
Replas Environmental Statement
With plastic use on the rise, we need to create a sustainable community that reduces, re-uses and recycles plastics. At Replas, we see waste as a valuable resource, and are part of making this world more sustainable. What is the environmental cost in not being involved in the circular economy? By re-thinking your selection and procurement to recycled plastic products, you become the true recycler. Everyone touches plastic and we must be more accountable and responsible if we are to drive demand for recycled plastic products.


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About Tin Cup Quality Water Inc.
Delicious Water Since 1997
Tin Cup Quality Water Inc. was founded in 1997 and is still a family owned and operated business. The owners and employees provide over 40 years of combined experience in installing and repairing water conditioning systems.
The company name recalls the generosity of the owner's grandfather, who always had a "tin cup" ready to serve others fresh, cold water. Today, Tin Cup Quality Water Inc. brings the same readiness to provide service to every commercial and residential client.
Call Us to Fix Your Water
If you would like a free water analysis and an estimate for fixing your water, contact Tin Cup Quality Water Inc. today. We look forward to improving your water, and we guarantee you will love how your water will taste and feel.


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The U.S. government established the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program in 1988 to provide compensation to a person that suffers a rare but serious vaccine adverse reaction. To be eligible for compensation, the injured party must file a vaccine injury claim in the centralized vaccine court in Washington, D.C.
A petitioner can file a vaccine injury claim on their own behalf, or a vaccine injury lawyer can file the claim at no additional cost. A vaccine attorney understands the ins and outs of the compensation process and guides the petitioner over any potential hurdles that may arise.
When a vaccine injury claim is filed, a copy of the petition goes to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) and a special master of the Court of Federal Claims.
The HHS is represented by lawyers from the Department of Justice (DOJ), who review the legal aspects of the claim. The DOJ attorneys analyze medical records, assert legal arguments and determine whether or not the petitioner is entitled to compensation. The DOJ's decision is submitted in a Rule 4 report –a straight forward statement of respondent's analysis of the petitioner's claim.
The special master reviews the evidence and settles the claim. In some cases, the petitioner may be asked to provide additional medical records or documentations after the claim is filed.
If the HHS contests the Rule 4 report, both sides may need to file expert reports, which can include evidence from medical or scientific literature. Once these reports are reviewed, an entitlement hearing is scheduled. At the hearing, both sides will present their evidence along with expert witness testimony. The special master will review the evidence and determine whether vaccine injury compensation should be awarded.
If compensation is awarded, both sides will engage in an informal process to determine the amount of compensation and how it will be awarded.
David Carney joined Philadelphia, PA firm, Anapol, Schwartz, Weiss, Cohan, Feldman & Smalley, P.C. in September 2010. He focuses his practice in medical malpractice, products liability, premises liability, motor vehicle accidents, dram shop, vaccine injury compensation, mass torts, class actions, asbestos and mesothelioma and other personal injury matters.


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- Best Guitar Chorus Pedal
- Best Guitar Tremolo / Vibrato Pedal
- Best Guitar Phase Shifter Pedal
- Best Guitar Flange Pedal
Best Guitar Modulation Pedal
Article Contents
There are many guitar effects pedals which are instantly recognizable and identifiable to the average listener's ears. However, truth of the matter is modulation effects have prominently contributed to the sounds of some of the most beloved guitar riffs of all-time. They may be used sparingly for a subtle effect or employed to fully engulf a signal to provide a completely wet, phase-soaked, flanging, or tremolo-heavy sound. These pedals can enhance a guitarist's recordings or live performances and inspire the way they write and play music. There are many considerations you should take when purchasing a guitar modulation pedal, and we've outlined them in our buyer's guide below.
Best Guitar Chorus Pedal:
The chorus effect isn't just that great feeling you experience when you listen to the hook of a song. Guitarists have long used chorus pedals to fill out their tone and make it sound as though the original guitar signal is being voiced by multiple sources, a "chorus," if you will. Chorus can be used to thicken up a part, and when combined with distortion or overdrive effects, can expand and reveal multiple layers of tones within a single chord or note. These are the best guitar chorus pedals, with each piece of gear here offering an optional stereo output so you can truly spread the width of your chorus effect through dual amplifiers or speakers, a rate/speed knob to control just how fast you want your effect to go, and is built from durable die-cast material that will keep it in good shape even when you are in the most stompy of moods.
TC Electronics TonePrint Corona Chorus Effect Pedal
TC Electronic's Corona Chorus pedal offers the best of both worlds for guitarists who want variety in their chorus tone. It's more than capable of providing a traditional shimmering effect, but its Tri-Chorus option opens the door to more experimental and creative application. And because it's coming from TC, you know that you're in the hands of a company that has mastered the modulation game. Read Full Review
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MXR M134 Stereo Chorus Pedal
The MXR M-134 Stereo Chorus pedal doesn't just give guitarists a wide range of chorus settings to apply to their effects rig. Bass and treble knobs also offer users the ability to truly tweak the sound of their effect, resulting in a pedal with a much wider range of tonal possibilities than many of its contemporaries. Read Full Review
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Electro-Harmonix Neo Clone Chorus Pedal
Electro-Harmonix is the company behind the classic Small Clone chorus pedal, revered as one of the best guitar chorus pedals to hit shelves. With their Neo-Clone, the folks at EH have captured all that was great about the Small Clone and fit it into a more compact package. Still all-analog, still great sound, just fits better on your pedalboard now. Read Full Review
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Boss CE-5 Stereo Chorus Ensemble Pedal
BOSS's CE-5 Chorus Ensemble offers a great depth of chorus control in a durable, straightforward effects pedal. It's far from flashy, but the no-frills approach to its design and range of controls means you can jump right in and start getting sounds that will fill the room with lush audio warmth. Read Full Review
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Electro-Harmonix Stereo Polychorus
With the Electro-Harmnonix Stereo Polychorus pedal, you're not just getting a great analog chorus tone; this thing also features a flanger and a slapback echo effect. More bang for your buck, plus the controls on the unit really allow you to get down and dirty in crafting the exact type of sound that you want from this effects pedal. Read Full Review
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Best Guitar Tremolo / Vibrato Pedal:
The tremolo effect creates a vibrating sound (often erroneously referred to as a vibrato effect) that makes a guitar signal sound as if you hit a note on your instrument and then immediately turned the guitar's volume up and down at a rapid pace. A staple of modulation effects, tremolo is often offered as a built-in feature in guitar amplifiers, but guitarists looking to really customize and manipulate this effect look to effects pedals to harness this cool sound often associated with niche genres like rockabilly and surf rock. These best guitar tremolo/vibrato pedals are all easily powered by only a single 9V battery as well as all each weighing less than three pounds for optimal portability and compact flexibility. They also come equipped with a rate control knob so players have the ability to adjust the speed at which the tremolo is applied to guitar signal.
Voodoo Lab Tremolo Pedal
Surely there must be some sort of voodoo magic taking place in the creation of the Voodoo Lab Tremolo pedal. It's a tiny little pedal that somehow faithfully captures the tremolo sound that has long been an integral part of vintage guitar amplifiers, and its low price is pretty magical, too. Read Full Review
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Boss TR2 Tremolo Pedal
BOSS has always made it their mission to provide top quality sounds in their effects pedals, while keeping the user experience frills-free and relatively simple. They definitely nailed that approach in the TR-2, a tremolo pedal that allows players to jump right in and instantly set up tremolo sounds using the three control knobs built into the unit. Read Full Review
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T Rex Tremster Classic Tremolo Pedal
T-Rex went full-on classic mode with their Tremster pedal, which makes sense when you consider that the effect itself had its first heyday in the 1950's. This pedal accordingly looks as cool as a vintage Cadillac and doesn't clutter up its pristine look with a bunch of knobs and controls. This unit is simple, which works to the advantage of the pedal tonally by staying out of the way of obscuring an impeccable sound. Read Full Review
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Seymour Duncan Shape Shifter Stereo Tremolo Pedal
Seymour Duncan's SFX-07 Shape Shifter pedal gives a nod to the classic tremolo sounds preceding it, but also proceeds to rip open a whole new bag of tricks that can be placed under the tremolo umbrella. It's far from a traditional sound but that may be the exact reason why this pedal is so fun to play with. Read Full Review
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Rocktron Reaction Tremolo Guitar Effects Pedal
Rocktron's Reaction Tremolo pedal doesn't do much to reinvent the wheel for tremolo effects as far as sound goes, but the look of this unit definitely has a more modern feel. But what's most important is the sound quality and that's definitely where this pedal delivers, regardless of appearance. Read Full Review
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Best Guitar Phase Shifter Pedal:
Phase shifter pedals provide guitarists with a distinct and instantly recognizable effect. By duplicating the guitar's signal and then shifting that newly created signal slightly out of phase from the original, these pedals create a spacey, "whoosh" effect that brings to mind a watery atmosphere. Although signal phasing was at first an unwanted by-product of audio recording, the effect began to be used intentionally on psychedelic records in the late 1960s, and would become popularized by a range of popular guitarists, including Eddie Van Halen and Queen's Brian May.
These are the best guitar phase shifter pedals, with each pedal featured here giving you the option to operate off an external power supply or battery, provides the ability to increase the speed of the phase shifting rate via an onboard knob, and can be used not just on guitars, but also other instruments such as bass, keyboards, vocals, and more.
MXR M-107 Phase 100 Effects Pedal
The MXR-M107 Phase 100 phase shifter pedal sports a classic look and a tone to match, eschewing more complicated setups of other pedals for a far simpler layout; you've got one button, two knobs, and that's it. It's no wonder that this effects pedal has been used by everyone from John Frusciante and Jerry Garcia to Yngwie Malmsteen and Brian May. Read Full Review
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Boss PH-3
If you know a thing or two about guitar effects pedals, you already are familiar with the iconic shape and sea foam green color of the BOSS PH-3 phase shifter pedal. Featuring classic phase shifting parameters as well as a more modern Rise and Fall modes, this pedal is built like a tank and can create lulling sounds to wash over your tone and add new dimension to your guitar playing. Read Full Review
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MXR Phase 90 Shifter Pedal
MXR's Phase 90 phase shifter pedal takes a page from its bigger brother MXR-M107 Phase 100 pedal, but consolidates into a simpler pedal which takes up less space. It's perfect for the guitarist with a crowded pedal board who is looking for a simple yet effective way to bring a strong phaser sound into their rig. Read Full Review
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Moog MF103 Moogerfooger 12 Stage Phaser Effects Pedal
Moog has built their reputation off of the care and attention to detail that they bring not just to their electronic instruments and synthesizers, but to effects pedals as well. The Moogerfooger MF-103 Stage Phaser gives users a wide variety of controls and parameters to tweak in order to reach a phase shifting sound that's perfect for the electric guitar, bass, keyboards, vocals, and more. Read Full Review
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Electro-Harmonix Nano Small Stone Phase Shifter Guitar Effects Pedal
With their Nano pedal series, Electro Harmonix has recaptured the sound and capability of their original classic pedals, but in a size that will be a welcome addition to guitar rigs everywhere. Their Nano Small Stone captures the beloved phase shifting sound of the original Small Stone, providing a compact take on an effect that can be comparable to a Leslie or UniVibe sound. Read Full Review
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Best Guitar Flange Pedal:
A staple of the modulation effect family, flanging has been an option for musicians since the days of the Beatles, when producer George Martin would apply this effect to John Lennon's vocals – but it wasn't long before guitarists started applying the effect to the sound of their axes. Flanging duplicates the original signal of a guitar's output, but delays one signal by a small and gradually changing period, resulting in a sound that is similar to a comb filter effect (i.e. "sucking air" or "the Darth Vader effect"). Here are the best guitar flanging pedals with each able to be powered off of a power adapter (so you never have to worry about batteries running out in the middle of a performance) in addition to offering multiple modes so that you can specify which type of flange sound you'd like to utilize in your rig. These picks are also equipped with an easy-to-use speed dial that allows you to quickly ramp up or slow down the rate of the effect.
Boss BF-3 Flanger Pedal
Anyone remotely familiar with the BOSS brand knows you can expect a lot out of their little uniformed bricks with the brightly outrageous colors, and the BF-3 flanger pedal continues to uphold that tradition. Despite its small size, this pedal offers several different flange modes as well as the ability to carefully sculpt the sound of the effect. Read Full Review
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Dunlop MXR EVH117 Eddie Van Halen Flanger Pedal
The MXR EVH117 harnesses the classic Eddie Van Halen sound that helped catapult him into the legion of guitar legends. Instantly recall some of the Van Halen preset sounds with the EVH switch, or customize your own tone using four onboard control knobs. Read Full Review
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Moog Music Moog Moogerfooger MF-108M Cluster Flux
Remaining true to the Moog brand of detail and craftsmanship, the company's Moogerfooger 108M Cluster Flux pedal provides a pristine flanging effect that is just as editable as the other effects that are built into this sturdy unit. You can dig as deep as you want to go with this pedal, and truly use it as though it's its own instrument. Read Full Review
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Ibanez AF2 Paul Gilbert Signature Airplane Flanger
Ibanez teamed with metal guitarist Paul Gilbert to co-create their AF2 Airplane Flanger pedal. Taking on the traits of two distinctly different flange effects, it is also equipped with a series of knobs that can help you craft your own sound, all in a rugged, brightly-colored die-cast case. Read Full Review
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TC Electronic Vortex Flanger
TC Electronics gives guitarists the option to incorporate flange into their rig with their Vortex Flanger pedal. Not only does this unit provide the classic whooshing flange sound, but also brings in some imaginative and experimental factors, particularly through the company's proprietary TonePrint system. Read Full Review
Guitar Modulation Pedal Buyer's Guide
Generally speaking, a modulation effect essentially doubles the signal flow (in this case, the sound of an instrument like the guitar) and alters it. It then combines the effected (or wet) signal with the original (dry) signal in order to produce the effected tone. Because guitar effects are such an intricately designed and manipulatable facet of sound design, you should try it out either with your own rig or gear resembling your rig as closely as possible. However, there are still some guidelines and concepts that you can learn about that can help you make a more informed decision about your purchase.
Phaser Effects
Phasing, also referred to as phase shifting, is where a signal is duplicated, and then the new copied signal is shifted to be out of phase with the original signal. The resulting sound creates a spacey, "whoosh" effect evokes the sound of a watery atmosphere.
While signal phasing can sometimes be an unwanted by-product of audio recording, the effect began to be used intentionally on psychedelic records in the late 1960s, notably on "Itchycoo Park" by the Small Faces. The effect was later popularized in decades to follow from guitarists such as Eddie Van Halen, Queen's Brian May, and Incubus axeman Mike Einziger.
Flange Effects
Similar to phasing, flanging duplicates the original signal of a guitar's output but delays one signal by a small and gradually changing period. The resulting sound is similar to a comb filter effect, one that has been characterized as "sucking air" or "the Darth Vader effect". Whether used subtly to suggest a spacey feel or cranked all the way up to create an unnatural, synthetic-like sound, flanging is a guitar effect that doesn't seem to be losing popularity anytime soon.
Although wildly popular as a guitar effect, flange was first popularly utilized by producer George Martin during recording sessions for the Beatles. John Lennon would often use the effect on his vocals; in fact, historian Mark Lewisohn claims that it was Lennon who first gave the technique its name. The first Beatles song to feature this effect was "Tomorrow Never Knows" on their album Revolver; almost every single song on that record had some sort of flanging effect on it.
Tremolo Effects
Tremolo produces a sound similar to flanging in that it creates a vibrating sound similar to what it would sound like if you hit a note on your guitar and then turned the volume knob up and down rapidly. Speed can be adjusted to create alternating volume fluctuation rates, while the depth controls on a tremolo pedal affects the range at which that signal is altered.
Of all the effects that fall under the modulation umbrella, tremolo is perhaps the most popular simply because it's an effect often incorporated as a default setting in guitar amps. Most popularized in niche genres like rockabilly and surf rock, tremolo has also been used prominently in songs by artists such as Radiohead, the Rolling Stones, Creedence Clearwater Revival, and more.
Chorus Effects
Perhaps the most subtle of all the modulation effects, chorus duplicates the original output signal and alters it slightly so that the signal sounds like it's being voiced by multiple sources or as the name implies, by a "chorus" of instruments. Chorus is a great way to thicken up the sound of a guitar part, and can be used with other effects such as distortion to expand multiple layers of tones within a signal.
Perhaps one of the most instantly recognizable uses of chorus in popular music is the beginning intro guitar riff to "Come as You Are" by Nirvana. Like tremolo, chorus effects are often built into guitar amplifiers; however, working with processors like pedals (which are solely designed to produce this effect) will almost always result in a better and more nuanced sound.
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An android of the Fourth Doctor was created by the Kraals after the Time Lord had been processed in a pattern analyser. The android travelled to Earth in a retro tube aboard Guy Crayford's XK-5 space freighter.
It confronted Sarah Jane Smith by the Doctor's TARDIS. She initially took it for the real Doctor, but when it told her it didn't want the Space Defence Station warned about the coming invasion, and when it was unperturbed by the emergence of an android of Sarah, she realised and fled.
The android went to the station where the real Doctor was. It found him in Colonel Faraday's office, who, along with Harry Sullivan, had been swapped for androids. The Doctor jumped out a window and the android fired after him with a gun. When Grierson attempted to activate the radar dishes, it shot and injured him. The dishes had been realigned on the Doctor's instructions to point towards the station so they would deactivate the android when turned on. The Doctor and his android fought, with the real Time Lord managing to activate the radar dishes as his counterpart raised a chair above his head to strike him. The android was frozen in place.
The Doctor reprogrammed it and had it attack Styggron, Chief Scientist of the Kraals. It threw him onto a container with the Kraal virus within, killing him. The scientist fired at the android, destroying it, but died without knowing it wasn't the real Doctor. Sarah, who ran to its body, believing it to be her friend, was told by the Doctor not to "waste any tears on him ... [he was] only an android". (TV: The Android Invasion)
Behind the scenes Edit
- The android is played by Tom Baker.


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"Vintage Retro Text Effects Vol. 1" This is a resource that allows graphics so easy for you to apply a vintage style to your text, logo or vector shapes. You just need to replace smart object in your favourite vintage style included.
Purchase includes:
• 10 Psd Files • 10 JPEG Files • 2000×1500 px • 300 dpi / RGB • Fully Editable • Easy to apply • Well Organized Layers • Replace Text via Smart Objects
Free Font Download Links included in the Readme File


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Problem solve
Get help with specific problems with your technologies, process and projects.
Data governance best practices
Shifting to a flexible information security framework
Financial-services executives often view information security as locks and keys that impede business, which makes it hard for security to win funding. In this tip, Randall Gamby explains how adopting an information security framework built on the ... Continue Reading


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Denver Restaurant Week 2010! February 20th to March 5th
We're pleased to be participants in DRW this year. What exactly is DRW? It's a 2 week showcase of what restaurants have to offer in the Denver area. At Saigon Landing, we are offering a three course fixed price menu for 52.80 for two or 26.40 for one. You can find our 5280 menu here (86 kB PDF). Here are some photos celebrating the kickoff of DRW with Mayor John Hickenlooper at the School of Culinary Arts at the Art Insitute of Colorado.
Saigon Landing Receives "Top 100 Local Favorite" Award!
We were selected as a Top 100 Local Favorite restaurant at CRN's 6th annual Top 100 Chinese Restaurants Awards ceremony! Considering that we primarily serve Vietnamese cuisine, we were very pleased to receive this award! Celebrity Chef Martin Yan as well as many others were present for the ceremony in Las Vegas.
1.20.2010: Facebook & Twitter
Along side the new website, we also started a Facebook Fan page, as well as a Twitter account! Become a fan/follow us for updates and coupons!


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Tips On Growing Old Healthy
Tips about ageing healthier
Here are some ideas to assist make sure that you consume sufficient to satisfyyour energy that is basic:
number 1. make certain you consume at the least three dinners a and snack between meals day. Smaller-portioned dinners and many treats tend to be sometimes best suitable for those that have a appetite that is light
#2. Vary the menus and make certain you consist of protein in most food. The meal could consist of, for example, egg, mozzarella cheese, yoghurt, peanut or ham butter
no. 3. incorporate color to the meals. Spend some time from the demonstration of one's dinners. An dish that is attractive constantly additional appetizing!
# 4. Season your diet to enhance their unique flavor
#5. create dinners a experience that is pleasant. Incorporate a table fabric, wear pleasing songs and, on event, remove the tableware that is best!
# 6. ask the neighbors for your meal . As a whole, we consume best once the food normally a occasion that is social
no. 7. maintain your fridge as well as your larder kitchen well-stocked with healthy food choices this is certainly simple to cook or pre-cooked
#8. purchase fruits & vegetables being pre-cut and able to provide
#9. consume at fixed several hours to excite your hunger and also to control the bodys signs and symptoms of appetite
#10. Stay walk that is active,swim,etc.The important things is stay energetic.Physical activity stimulate the appetite!
#12. Pamper yourself by selecting a few of the foods that are favourite
#13. Eliminate tobacco.Besides damaging your quality of life,it variations the aroma and taste of meals,making they much less appetizing
#14. Whenever you consume soups as the meal that is entire,dont to include a supply of protein such beans (dried beans,dried peas), meats cubes or mozzarella cheese


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Company Health Insurance Policy
Sufferers may think that doctors agree the final statement when it arrives to whether a specified class of therapy has cleared. But this is not forever the cause, particularly when dearer or hard labor-intensive procedures have demanded.
Over the final few years, more personal health insurance company policy have been holding lists of pre-existing circumstances . That would otherwise receive full health insurance age 62 to 65 plans. In the healthcare proper care industry, a pre-existing position have defined as a healthcare problem that existed before individual applying for health insurance policy quotes.
Company Health Insurance Policy
As we might think, earlier situation regulation has made many issues for patients who are looking for cheapest health insurance age 62 to 65 policy firms. In the concern of the patients, declares now have many rules regarding how much distance. Into the old an employer can check a possible new worker's health care documents.
These "lookback laws" typical array from three several weeks to 12 several weeks. Just in some declares companies cab be allowed to see back as five years. If this is the case that a new worker attempted health care proper care services for a situation those has not currently covered by the company's wellness advantages. The worker might not have a lot recourse when attempting to impact their own type of therapy and dental care for seniors by delta dentalcare.
AARP North american company for life and health insurance for people 79 years old
An exciting situation has designed due to the passage of the affordable health insurance company plans Act of 2010 in the USA for the interval 2010-2014 year. This is a conversion interval in which the insurance strategy policy program has supposed to conversion to the program in which, after 2014.
Health insurance for elderly over 79
All insurance strategy policy organizations will be forced to agree to all candidates, regardless of their pre-existing circumstances as (MRI). And, probably, all free health insurance for seniors will need to get health insurance policy by United Health Care. While the execution and the repercussions of the law are unclear. The intent was to decrease the incredible number of 45 million or more People in America who do not have any protection of health at all.
Free health insurance for seniors from Universal health care insurance company inc AARP Burial Care
An exciting consequence in many declares was that. For a time, health insurance age 62 to 65 providers policy rejected to guarantee any children under the age of 19. As they did not want to lose cash on assuring kids pre-existing situation.
Health insurance age 62 to 65
This broke many state age non-discrimination laws, and after much discussion. In most declares, a compromise remedy is in impact where cheapest health insurance companies. It will guarantee any kid under the age of 19 provided that one of their mother. And father connects the same strategy as well. It is Company Health Insurance Policy Free Compare Quotes.


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MBA vs red: 1D20+21 = [3]+21 = 24 1D10.MIN(3)+15 = [6]+15 = 21
It should work for all we need. It even has supported functions for funky weapons like brutal ones, although the input is slightly different (e.g. "min(n)" instead of "minroll(n)").
Ravenblade - Dwarf Two-Weapon Ranger, Hammer of Moradin (Scales of War)


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Raiders own up to blame in shutout defeat
JETS 38, RAIDERS 0 All except one: QB Russell accepts no fault in big rout
The Raiders didn't play the game of football very well, but they were really good at playing the blame game after Sunday's 38-0 loss to the Jets.
They weren't blaming others. They wanted to blame themselves for all that went horribly awry at the Coliseum.
"Obviously we didn't do enough of a job during the week conveying the message of what we need to do to win," defensive end Richard Seymour said. "As one of the leaders on the team, I definitely take the responsibility."
The only player who refused to play along was the one player who got benched, and that's franchise quarterback JaMarcus Russell.
"I don't think it's me personally, I really don't," Russell said. "It's a bad combination of one guy doesn't do something right one time. Personally, I don't think so.
"Do you?"
Coach Tom Cable finally did. He sat Russell with 5:45 left in the first half, which was one sack-fumble and two interceptions too late to save a 21-0 game that had hopelessly spiraled away.
Russell was 6 of 11 for 61 yards and greatly booed by an announced crowd of 39,354, the smallest turnout since the Raiders returned from Los Angeles in 1995.
Backup quarterback Bruce Gradkowski was 10 of 19 for 97 yards and greatly cheered, and he didn't even put points on the board.
Russell, the No. 1 overall draft pick in 2007, will remain the starter next week at San Diego, Cable said. Throw more picks off his back foot, and a second benching is next.
"It comes down to making the plays that you're supposed to make at your position," Cable said.
Unlike Russell, everyone else said, in effect, "My bad."
Rookie receiver Darrius Heyward-Bey shouldered some blame. He doubled his season total with two catches for 28 yards, but dropped a fade route in the end zone late in the game.
"I've got to make that play," Heyward-Bey said.
Right tackle Khalif Barnes fell on his sword. He started at right tackle for the first time since college more than six years ago.
It showed on the first play of the game, when he let linebacker Calvin Pace sack Russell for a Jets fumble recovery at the Raiders' 4. Four plays later, Jets running back Thomas Jones banged in a 1-yard touchdown run.
Never mind that Cable blamed it on Russell for ignoring checkdown options and holding the ball too long. Barnes said that's all on him.
"The first play of the game is going to haunt me," Barnes said. "I'm just going to have nightmares over that one. That's unacceptable."
Seymour said that about the defense spotting the Jets a 24-0 halftime lead, even if that included two 4-yard touchdown drives off Russell turnovers.
The defense had to make red-zone stops because the Raiders' offense can't keep up in a shootout. They scored 20 points in the season opener, but never more than 13 points since.
"That's not the type of team we have, to spot teams 14, 21 points and try to come back and win," Seymour said. "We didn't create turnovers and we didn't stop the run.
"So, I don't think we could've beat an Oakland high school team today."
The entire defense took turns kicking itself for allowing two 100-yard rushers on a 316-yard rushing day.
It was the team's most rushing yards allowed since the Seahawks ran for 319 against Oakland in 2001.
"When we miss tackles, that's kind of what happens," middle linebacker Kirk Morrison said.
Even Gradkowski said, "My bad." He lost a fumble at the Jets' 29 when sacked from behind in the third quarter.
"That's going to kill me tonight," Gradkowski said. "If I take care of the football there, we score and that changes a little momentum."
So, everybody said it's their own fault. Except for Russell, who answered "Yes" when asked if he was happy with all his reads and decisions.
As for Cable benching him?
"He's the head guy," Russell said. "He probably feels like he shouldn't give a reason."


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The Norval Foundation, a multi-sensory celebration of art, architecture and landscape, opened to the public this April. The project provided a unique opportunity for the project team; a client brief with the aspiration to create a world class art and cultural centre in an exceptional location that would be open to the public. Designed to international standards it is expected to become a significant space for art both in South Africa and globally. Lighting in Design magazine explored the project:
Location and site
The Norval Foundation is located in the Steenberg area on the slopes of the Constantiaberg Mountain, surrounded by vineyards and residential estates. The site is bounded by Steenberg Road on its northeast boundary, by the vineyards of Steenberg Farm and Silwersteen residential estate on its north western boundary, and by a conservation area on its south eastern boundary. The site incorporates an incredibly sensitive existing wetland ecosystem that had been historically neglected. The wetland was completely rehabilitated, with alien species removed and embankments shaped to improve the water course. The wetland and its surrounding buffer zones have been revived and replanted with locally indigenous fynbos, enhanced by other indigenous plants and naturalised species, and has already attracted a multitude of insects and birds onto the site.
Design concept
The Norval Foundation was envisioned by dhk architects as a modern pavilion for art, set against a dramatic mountain and vineyard landscape. It is a pure expression of form; a bold rectangular mass, delineating its heavy walled enclosure and light over-sailing roof.
The building is constrained by the linear site, between a busy road and an existing wetland; turning its back to a neighbouring embassy compound. The linear circulation spine is positioned along this edge, with the galleries and public spaces facing the natural landscape, capturing framed views of the wetland, vineyards and mountains beyond.
The building sits in an elevated position, and shields the wetland, creating a private space for the sculpture park and forms an inhabited threshold between public and private zones. A triple volume atrium establishes a deliberate visual connection between these zones – one urban, the other natural – and provides a physical transition between the contrasting environments.
The Norval Foundation is experienced in a linear sequence. A curved wall that extends into the entrance court, draws visitors past the double volume restaurant, gallery shop and into the generous reception which calmly directs guests to the central atrium that introduces the main galleries.
A terrace along the length of the building incorporates a timber deck serving the restaurant, and connects to walkways on either side that lead into the sculpture park. The grounds include an amphitheatre, children's playground, and picnic area. Visitors to the restaurant dine beneath Ashlee Ainsley Lloyd's 'Molecular light'; a large-scale light installation that was created for A New Wave, Southern Guild's exhibition showcasing emerging design talent in August 2017. Molecular is hand wrought from over a kilometre of chunky blackened rope and echoes the craggy forms of the surrounding mountains. "I wanted to create a floating, primitive and virtually conscious formation whose textured shape is reminiscent of ravines and abysses found in dramatic natural earth formations that are present on this beautiful continent," the designer said about her original design. Ashlee is a young industrial designer and textile lover based in Cape Town who is inspired by the rich culture of craft in Southern Africa and the complex forms found in nature – passions she channels into tactile pieces that engage one's emotions and senses.
Kevin Stein, associate at dhk architects, notes that there was an intended duality between natural and artificial light, and that the architects played with the concept of transition lighting expressed through spatial planning. "This is experienced in the journey through the gallery spaces, starting in the special exhibitions gallery which has no natural light, on to the six smaller galleries which have a small amount of natural light via the clerestory, and culminating in the dramatic triple volume sculpture gallery with full height windows and an abundance of natural light," he says.
The remainder of the building aims to create a sense of lightness. "This was achieved through the use of clerestory glazing (natural light) and recessed ceiling light coves (artificial light) in combination with shadow cornice details. In order to accentuate the textures, shapes and forms of the building, the designers, (Pamboukian lightdesign) opted for upward lighting, rather than lighting from top down, as this creates a more dramatic lighting effect," he says.
Stein notes that finding the balance between clerestory lighting and artificial lighting was tricky, especially considering all the elements, layers and volumes of the building. "A lot of thought and careful planning was put into making sure the conceived lighting duality was achieved."
The gallery
The gallery spaces comprise a large environmentally-controlled special exhibitions space, and a series of six small galleries, culminating in a triple volume sculpture gallery, a dramatic setting for large scale pieces with Table Mountain as the backdrop. All the gallery spaces are column free, allowing for maximum flexibility for display of all forms of art, and they can be treated as separate experiences or to create a sequential journey as required.
The specific technical requirements for the gallery spaces in terms of environment control take into account careful control of light, temperature and humidity, acoustics, and fire prevention. To create the minimal spaces required for the display of art, all of the services are concealed in the wall and ceiling cavities to create a seamless appearance. Converge Consulting, the appointed electrical consultants for the project worked on the electrical design, including the lighting and building management control system with integration, with other disciplines and equipment from a green initiative perspective.
"We were the appointed electrical consultants responsible for the design of the electrical infrastructure, small power, BOH lighting and building management system, where the latter included lighting control and integration with other disciplines, including HVAC, fire and photovoltaics," notes Converge Consulting's Tino Brink. "One of the unique challenges was having two electrical contracting companies appointed for the same project – clear and concise instructions were implemented from the outset to ensure and define a clear split in responsibility between the two entities."
Brink continues, "The FOH portion of the lighting was designed by Pamboukian lightdesign and the BOH by Converge Consulting. For the BOH area we specified energy efficient linear LED linear luminaires with PIR occupancy sensors to further reduce the carbon footprint. Daylight harvesting occupancy sensors were specified within the open plan office areas to ensure the DALI luminaires were dimmed to compensate for natural light experienced at any given time whilst maintaining the required lux levels." The programme dictated the building form, which is split vertically between the ground floor galleries and public spaces, and the first floor where the more private spaces are found; offices, library, bar, a further gallery space and artist's residence.
In addition to the rehabilitated wetland and indigenous landscaped sculpture park, sustainability features include solar photovoltaic panels on the roof, a building management system to optimise performance, water saving measures, grey water purification system, return of storm water to the wetland system, and energy efficient glazing and solar shading on the façade. Wherever possible, natural light to the internal spaces has been maximised, with large full height and clerestory windows throughout, with the exception of certain galleries.
"The combination of natural and artificial lighting has worked very well," concludes Stein from dhk. "The decision to opt for coved lighting accompanied by dramatic up lighting has been very successful in creating an experience that celebrates the architectural form of the building." The architectural design is a rational response to the specific context and the functional requirements of the brief, and strikes a balance between two motivations: to protect the artwork within, and maximise views to the natural landscape outside.


text: Bill Davidsen wrote:> Stephen Warren wrote:> >>> From: Con Kolivas [mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com] Stephen Warren writes:>>>>>>> I guess we could have most threads stay at SCHED_NORMAL, and just>>>>>> make>>>>>> the few critical threads SCHED_RR, but I'm getting a lot of push-back>>>>>> on>>>>>> this, since it makes our thread API a lot more complex.>>>>>>>>> Your workaround is not suitable for the kernel at large.>>>>>>>> You mean the official kernel.org kernel? I wasn't implying that the>> patch should be part of that!>>>> In our system we have literally EVERY single thread (kernel, user-space>> daemons, and user-space applications) all setup as SCHED_RR with>> identical priority at present, except a couple higher priority threads.>> We did this initially for user-space by replacing /sbin/init with a>> wrapper that set the scheduler policy and default priority, and verified>> that this was inherited by all daemons & application threads. Then, we>> found that the kernel threads could get starved in some situations,>> hence the kernel change.>>>> Our threading model dictates that every thread have a priority (so that>> the thread model is portable between Linux, embedded RTOSs etc.), and in>> Linux AFAIK, the only way to implement priorities is to use a real-time>> scheduling policy. Some threads do a lot of calculation. We want to make>> them equal (or probably, lower) priority to the kernel threads, so>> therefore the kernel threads must then be SCHED_RR.>>>> Can you elaborate on specific conditions that would cause the kernel>> threads to suck up unusual amounts of CPU time?>>>> In our application, keyboard processing is a real-time requirement, so>> if that is performed in a kernel thread, that kernel thread should be>> real-time. We basically want the control to insert e.g. the keyboard>> processing kernel thread into the middle of our priority hierarchy,>> rather than having it forced as the lowest possible priority.> > > Perhaps someone could comment on why the keyboard thread is NOT higher > priority? The whole functionality of SysReq key combinations would seem > to depend on actually seeing the strokes. I would cautiously suggest > that a priority control in /proc/sys might be a useful interface, > certainly compared to patching the kernel and rebuilding.> > Yes, I mean an option in the mainline kernel, so when debugging hangs > the keyboard could be used.> There is nothing stopping you from setting the priority and the scheduling policy from userspace in mainline.Cheers,Con[unhandled content-type:application/pgp-signature]


text: This is footage from the City Council meeting on January 11, 2010, found on the Richmond City Council Reporter and Telegraph blog. Springhill residents and other neighbors were protesting including the Manchester on the James development in the set of projects being considered for Recovery Zone Facility bonds (Federal stimulus funds, essentially). Unfortunately, Crosland won the vote 8-1. We will have more commentary on the issue soon.


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Festival Players Pantomime
Festival Players Pantomime is a community project specifically to preserve the Annual Christmas Pantomime
The Hunstanton Panto is played by the community for the community. It was created when the long running annual Princess Theatre Panto was axed in 2010. Thanks to a team of "panto angels" and John Giller community spirit prevailed and resulted in an original script, lavish costumes and the creation of Hunstanton Woods as a setting for Robin Hood – Norfolk style!
Although the traditional pantomime has once again returned to The Princess Theatre (starting Christmas 2015 with Aladdin) The Hunstanton Panto has become very much part of the community and continues to do its own panto every Christmas in the Hunstanton Town Hall.
Performances have include:
- The Shoe Maker and the Elves (2015)
- Hansel & Gretel (2014)
- The Frog Prince (2013)
- Pinnochio (2012)
- Puss in Boots (2011)
- Robin Hood (2010)
Auditions/rehearsals commence in September prior to the Christmas panto programmes.


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Orchard Road Christmas Light Up:
Tips for Hotel Booking, Freebies, Etc.
Sponsored Links
Orchard Road Christmas Light Up:
But the Orchard Road Christmas Light Up is especially interesting in the week leading up to Christmas Day. You'll get to see the Christmas floats on Orchard Road. Also, the churches are out in full force with a range of performances and charity events.
- What to wear? Light clothings. This is after all equatorial Singapore.
- Where are the freebies?
- Look out for the free balloons, et cetera which the churches hand out during the performances.
- Free performances by churches at various locations on Orchard Road. Carols. Mimes. Drama. Dances.
- Check out the free events for Christmas 2011
Important Caveat! Freebies are exactly what they are, free. It also means that sometimes you don't get them. Please don't write in to ask me why you are unable to get such-and-such an item for free, and at such-and-such a place. This being the season for giving, think not about where to get freebies, but about giving a gift!
- How about late night shopping and transport?
- The malls on Orchard Road take turns to open till late (= midnight) in the few weeks leading up to Christmas Day.
- On Christmas Eve and New Year's Eve, the Singapore MRT and SBS Transit normally extend operating hours. You could still catch the trains at 1am. Most of the Night Rider buses run till even later.
Hotels for USD 70-180 (incl. taxes)
If you're on a budget, consider staying at these hotels / hostels within walking distance to Orchard Road:
Fort Canning Lodge Recommended!
Fort Canning Lodge Singapore
Hangout @ Mount Emily
- A no-frills budget hotel in a quiet location
- 10 minutes' walk to Orchard Road
- Without the sleaze linked with many Singapore budget hotels
- Search multiple sites and find the best rates for Hangout @ Mt Emily.
These hotels also offer hostel-style beds in shared rooms.
Hotels for USD 150-300 (incl. taxes)If you want a bit of luxury without going over the edge...
Mandarin Orchard Hotel Singapore
- Hard to beat for location; near to great shopping
- Its breakfast is varied and well-loved
- Newly renovated
- Reviews and best rates for Mandarin Orchard Hotel Singapore.
Traders' Hotel
- Near one end of Orchard Road, with a shuttle bus that runs through the shopping belt
- Connected to the lovely Tanglin Mall
- Great crabs at the hotel's Ah Hoi Restaurant
- Reviews and best rates for Traders Hotel Singapore.
Royal Plaza on Scotts Hotel Recommended!
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Left bottom:
Hotels for USD 250+ (incl. taxes)If you want to splurge because you deserve a real treat...
Four Seasons Hotel
- Excellent service generally
- Spacious room and amenities
- Close to the action, but away from the crowds
- Reviews and best rates for Four Seasons Hotel Singapore.
Related to Orchard Road Christmas Light Up
Recommended 5-Star Hotels in Singapore Orchard Road
Orchard Road Christmas Light Up 2011: An Update
Orchard Road Christmas Light Up in the recent past: 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009


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Part of the fun of reading books in The Elder Scrolls 5: Skyrim is getting back-story on all the characters and lands contained within Bethesda's world, but really that pales in comparison to the stat bonuses simply reading the books gives the player. However, with a world as large as Skyrim, and with probably thousands of books to steal/acquire throughout the world, some may never even know just how deep the literature of the game gets.
Thankfully, one clever gamer has compiled a comprehensive of every book in Skyrim, and has transcribed all the information contained within them. Unfortunately, the dedicated fan that put together this virtual library only compiled the books in .epub and .mobi form, which means they are meant for either a Nook or a Kindle.
Nonetheless, if you own either of these e-devices, or if you download the kindle app for PC, you should have no problem diving headfirst into the lore of Skyrim. The only downside is that all of those cool bonuses that come with reading books, including one exploit that can result in leveling your character very fast, are not possible.
There's much more to Skyrim than just reading books, or even slaying the game's infinite number of dragons, but just seeing that one fan can compile a "library" of every book within the game shows just how extensive of a world Bethesda has created.
From the game's many guilds, to its dungeons, to its new and improved menus, there are so many features that, on their own, would be worth exploring for hours, that it makes just being away from the game make you want to do nothing than play the game.
And now, if you want to read up on your Skyrim lore whilst traveling over the holidays or just because, you can.
Which of the books that you've read so far in Skyrim has been the most interesting? Do you think more games should incorporate reading books for back-story?
The Elder Scrolls 5: Skyrim is available now for the PC, PS3, and Xbox 360.
Source: Capane