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The Houston Museum of Natural Science is hosting two exhibits coming from Ukraine, opening on May 27 and June 5. One of these covers the archaeology and history of the country. The second exhibit focuses on icons and religious regalia from the 11th to the 19th centuries. This blog starts with a brief introduction to modern Ukraine. Next we will cover the earliest known Ukrainian culture: the Trypilian. Later blogs will cover more recent aspects of Ukrainian history.
Modern Ukraine
Ukraine is located in Eastern Europe. Slightly smaller in size than Texas, Ukraine is the largest country wholly in Europe.
|Map showing location of Ukraine in Europe
Ukraine borders Belarus, Hungary, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia and Slovakia.
|Map of Ukraine, identifying neighboring countries.
Ukraine is one of Europe's youngest nations. On August 24th this year, the country will celebrate its independence. It so happens that this year, 2011, will mark the 20th anniversary of that event.
The city of Kyiv, also known to us as Kiev, is the capital. Tradition has it that Kyiv was founded by four Viking siblings in the late 9th century, an event associated with Viking migration through the area on their way to the Black Sea and areas beyond. Even though more than 1000 years separate us from the founding of Kyiv, we need to go back many more millennia to reach the period the Trypilian culture flourished.
The Trypilian culture
When and where?
Archaeologists have known about the Trypilian culture since 1896, when Ukrainian archaeologist Vikenty Khvoika discovered an ancient settlement near the village of Trypillia, about 40 km south of modern Kyiv.
We now know that at its zenith, the Trypilian culture extended across parts of Ukraine, into Moldova and Romania (where the local variant is known as the Cucuteni culture).
|Map showing the extent of the Cucuteni-Trypilian culture.
Origins and chronology
There are differences in opinion (to put it diplomatically) with regards to the origin of this phenomenon. Russian scholars placed the origin in the area between the Bug and Dnieper Rivers and then suggested it moved westwards. Romanian scholars, on the other hand, see it exactly the opposite way: they locate the origin of the culture in Moldova. Later they see markers of the culture appear in Ukraine and Romania (Garašanin 1994: 534).
Recent DNA analysis carried out on human remains retrieved from the Verteba cave in Western Ukraine revealed that the ancestors of some of these individuals likely arrived in Europe in the Pleistocene and that they survived locally through the last Ice Age. The ancestors of the remaining individuals tested are identified as people associated with the expansion of Neolithic farming out of the Near East. Based on this extremely small sample, one could tentatively argue that the Trypilians had roots both in Pleistocene Europe as well as the Near East.
Ukrainian and Romanian scholars, working on the Trypilian and Cucuteni aspects of the culture respectively, came up with their own chronology. It was only after the data started being published that the realization grew in both countries that they both were dealing with the same culture. That insight, however, did not result in a universally agreed upon chronology. Instead, we are faced with two different sets of dates, an unfortunate and confusing situation.
As one archaeologist put it (Anthony 2007: 164):
"Romanian archaeologists use the name Cucuteni and Ukrainians use Tripolye, each with its own system of internal chronological divisions, so we must use cumbersome labels like Pre-Cucuteni III/Tripolye A to refer to a single prehistoric culture. There is a Borges-like dreaminess to the Cucuteni pottery sequence: one phase (Cucuteni C) is not a phase at all but rather a type of pottery probably made outside the Cucuteni-Tripolye culture; another phase (Cucuteni A1) was defined before it was found, and never was found; still another (Cucuteni A5) was created in 1963 as a challenge for future scholars, and is now largely forgotten; and the whole sequence was first defined on the assumption, later proved wrong, that the Cucuteni A phase was the oldest, so later archaeologists had to invent the Pre-Cucuteni phases I, II, and III, one of which (Pre-Cucuteni I) might not exist. The positive side of this obsession with pottery types is that the pottery is known and studied in minute detail."
However, the general consensus still seems to be that the Trypilian culture flourished from 5400 to 2700 BC.
Settlement size and dwellings
Trypilian dwellings are known through excavations and ancient ceramic models. The layout of these houses seems to have followed a certain blueprint. A hearth was placed immediately inside the door; a row of storage vessels was arranged against the opposite wall. At the far end of the room lay a small platform, thought to have served some ceremonial function. Smoke was vented through an opening in the ceiling.
|Imprints of human fingers left on walls
during the daubing
(House 41, Talianki).
Image courtesy Dr. Francesco Menotti,
Institute of Prehistory and Archaeological Science,
Basel University.
The majority of archaeologists today believe that the most typical Trypilian dwellings were early timber frame buildings with wooden walls and ceilings plastered with clay. The houses had a thatch roof. Archaeologists have found clay wall fragments, still sporting imprints of human fingers left on walls during daubing.
Some Trypilian structures had two floors, as indicated by ceramic models. The second floor, with its hearth, was used for living while the first floor was used for storage, and as animal shelter. In this way the household complexes of the early period in Trypillia were kept warm. Some sources suggest that there might have three story houses in the larger communities.
Not all structures found at Trypilian sites were dwellings. At the site of Talianki, for example, archaeologists identified three storage structures. Ceramic workshops were also excavated. These were situated close to dwellings but were differentiated as separate work places.
One of the most notable and enigmatic aspects of the Trypilian culture is the existence of large settled communities, capable of holding between 10,000 and 15,000 inhabitants. Archaeologists did not become aware of these sites until aerial photography brought them to light in the 1970s. Some of these communities covered 800 acres, or about the size of Central Park in New York.
In all ten of these giant communities are known, all of them concentrated in the Cherkassy region of modern Ukraine. This area is known for its fertile soil and the presence of fairly large woodlands. Such a setting offered an ideal environment for agriculture, cattle-breeding and livestock activity.
|Map identifying the Cherkassy region in modern Ukraine,
home of all known giant Trypilian settlements.
These large Trypilian communities existed toward the end of the culture (between 3200 – 2700 BC). None of them were contemporary with each other, rather what we are looking at is a sequence of settlements. It appears that they were abandoned every 60 to 80 years or so.
The abandonment of the settlements involved the intentional use of fire. Archaeologists have found evidence of high sustained temperatures during these acts of destruction; they have inferred from this that additional combustible material was placed inside the buildings to maintain the fires.
|Remains of burnt dwellings. Maydanets'ke, Cherkassy domain.
Excavated by M.Shmaglij and M.Videiko, 1988. Image courtesy
Dr. Mykhailo Videiko. Institute of Archaeology,
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
Scientists do not know why this cycle of destruction occurred, although suggestions include soil depletion, deforestation, conflict and diseases affecting the population. Researchers continue to pursue answers to this question.
There was no public architecture in these communities. Archaeologists assume that this "lack of public infrastructure within the settlements forced the Trypilians to include all aspects of everyday life in their own private premises." A lack of differentiation in architecture, with only dwellings and storage places identified, reflects a lack of social stratification, according to some researchers. No palaces? No rulers, is the thinking in this case. If this is confirmed by additional discoveries in the future, this would make the Trypilian culture stand out when compared to other cultures in the region during the mid fifth millennium BC. In neighboring Bulgaria, for example, grave goods found in 310 graves in the Varna cemetery clearly showed the presence of political rank. Dating to about 4500 BC, the cemetery is the oldest known yet where humans were buried with golden ornaments.
Unfortunately, the sample of Trypilian burials is limited in number. Most date to the between 3400 – 2750 BC. As far as earlier periods go, it appears that the Trypilians disposed of their dead in an archeologically untraceable manner.
Subsistence: what was on their plate?
Archaeological research at several Trypilian settlements has revealed the subsistence strategies of these early Ukrainians. With regard to the site of Maidanets'ke, archaeologists tell us:
"Emmer and spelt were the most common cereals recovered; barley and peas were also recovered in one house. Cattle (35% of domesticates) were the most important source of meat, with pig (27%) and sheep (26%) a secondary sources; the remaining 11% was equally divided between dogs and horses. About 15% of the animals were red deer, wild boar, bison, hare and birds." (Anthony 2007: 495, n. 19).
Findings such as these clearly tell us that the introduction of agriculture and animal domestication did not mean the immediate end to hunting and gathering. Rather, people seem to have pursued a strategy in which they took advantage of all available resources.
Technological achievements
The Trypilians bridge the divide between the last phase of the Stone Age and the beginnings of the Copper Age. This period sees the introduction of agriculture into the region, marking a shift in the subsistence strategy for the locals away from nomadic hunting and gathering to a more sedentary way of life.
Greater sedentism, or staying put in one place for extended periods of time, became possible because of agriculture and animal husbandry. Both of these milestones in human development, achieved outside of Europe, permit, even force, people to stay on one place. This greater permanency in residency leads to more permanent architecture as well as the manufacture of items such as pottery that would be deemed unwieldy, and too heavy by hunter gatherers.
The Trypilian culture is known for a variety of decorated pottery as well as anthropomorphic and zoomorphic ceramic figurines.
The Trypilians excelled in making ceramics. Some of their pots were large storage vessels, decorated with painted or incised geometric designs. They have also left us with countless ceramic models of homes, some showing the interior, some showing what might have been "row houses" typical of their larger settlements.
Figurines in the shape of animals and humans are abundant. Some of the animal figurines depict cattle and are equipped with wheels. The female form is so abundant that anthropologists at one point used them to posit the existence of a goddess cult, a line of thinking not always well received by other anthropologists. Other ceramics include models of houses.
|Model of a Trypilian house.
The Trypilian civilization in a broader context
Social structure
The material record retrieved from Trypilian sites does not contain easily recognizable signs of social stratification. We do not have evidence of palaces in which rulers would have lived, nor do we have any signs of organized religion practiced in public spaces such as temples.
There is however, strong evidence that the Trypilians had a sense of community and were able to organize themselves. The periodic resettlement required strong community organization utilizing the collective efforts of all its members. Burning down an entire community, especially a settlement with hundreds if not thousands of houses was not an easy task. Moving to a new location and rebuilding must have involved across the board decision making and intense collaboration among all members of society.
Giant settlements: can we call them cities?
The giant Trypilian settlements, such as Maidanets'ke, pre-date the first Mesopotamian cities by about 1000 years. However tempting it may be, however, to refer to these Trypilian settlements as "cities," archaeologists have refrained from doing so. What appears lacking from the Trypilian communities is public architecture (palaces, temples, markets) that define what we would call a city. Instead we find a huge number of domestic dwellings, closely packed together along what might have been pathways, or streets. They compactness of the settlement, combined with the sheer number of inhabitants would have increased security.
Rise of civilizations elsewhere
Outside Europe, we see the rise of civilization starting in places like Çatalhöyük, in Central Anatolia, present-day Turkey, around 7000 BC. The site of Tell Halaf, in eastern Anatolia, began around 6000 BC. The Ubaid culture originated in Southern Iraq around 6200 BC.
The beginning of the Pre-dynastic period in Egypt is generally dated to between 4500 BC and 4000 BC.
Within Europe's borders, we do not know of any settlements this size this early.
* * *
I will end with this thought. The Trypilian culture in the Ukraine presents us with an interesting juxtaposition: one of Europe's youngest nations was once home to one of Europe's oldest civilization. Now on display at a museum near you.
Anthony, David W.
2007 The Horse, the Wheel and Language. How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes shaped the Modern World. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Garašanin, Milutin
1994 The Balkan Peninsula and South-East Europe during the Neolithic. In S.J. de Laet, ed., History of Humanity, Vol. 6, pp. 527 – 539. UNESCO, Paris and London.


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MONROE, Conn., Jan. 3 (UPI) -- Schools in Newtown, Conn., got extra security Thursday as students at Sandy Hook Elementary returned to class for the first time since the mass shooting.
Two police cars were stationed at the Newtown high school, The New York Times reported. Police made the rounds of other schools in the district.
The Sandy Hook students went to a former middle school in neighboring Monroe, 7 miles south of their old school, which remains closed. Officials promised additional security there, the report said.
"I think right now it has to be the safest school in America," Monroe Police Lt. Keith White said.
The Chalk Hill School has been renamed Sandy Hook Elementary School. Pictures and other decorations have been moved from the old school.
There were also signs of the attention Sandy Hook has received since Adam Lanza, 20, gunned down 20 children and six staff members before killing himself. The new Sandy Hook is decorated with snowflakes sent from well-wishers around the world.
Along the road to the school were signs of support. "Welcome," read one neon-green sign with a red heart. Another sign filled with hearts and featuring the Elmo "Sesame Street" character said: "Sandy Hook School -- We Luv U!"
Newtown Superintendent Janet Robinson said Sandy Hook staff decided to keep the school's name the same despite its new location.
She also said many people had worked hard to clean, paint and get the school ready for its reopening 20 days after the Dec. 14 mass shooting at the original Sandy Hook school that left 20 students and six staff members dead.
Monroe offered use of the former Chalk Hill School, which was closed almost two years ago.
"Chalk Hill has been transformed from a middle school to a very cheerful, nurturing elementary school," Robinson told a news conference Wednesday as the school staff gathered for the first time as a whole in the new school and parents and students toured the building.
Police would not say what safety and security measures were taken at Sandy Hook in Monroe, but Robinson said the school felt "extremely secure."
Gov. Dannel Malloy and state Education Commissioner Stefan Pryor were also at the school.
"I am utterly inspired by the courage and the determination of the Sandy Hook teachers," Pryor said. "They are overcoming unimaginable challenges ... in arriving back at school and their commitment and grace is clearly on display."
Former Sandy Hook Principal Donna Page came out of retirement to return to the school she led for more than a decade until 2010.
Page replaces Dawn Hochsprung, who was among the first victims of the killing spree by Adam Lanza, 20.
"I want parents and families enduring the loss of their precious children to know their loved ones are foremost in our hearts and minds as we move forward," Page wrote on the school's website.
"Your strength and compassion has been, and will continue to be an inspiration to me and countless others as we work to honor the memory of your precious children and our beloved staff," her message said.

subset: commoncrawl


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CakeSpy Note: I am beyond ecstatic to announce that I have been invited as a media guest to the 45th Annual Pillsbury Bake-Off in Orlando, Florida! The event will take place in late March; til then, I am going to feature several of the sweets finalists here in anticipation of the big day!
Don't think less of me, but I actually like macaroons better than macarons. Don't get me wrong: macarons are adorable, distinguished, sophisticated, and an artful baked good which I appreciate very much.
But when it comes to a cookie that satisfies, for me, I will take the lumpy macaroon any time.
But this version has a sort of pinkies-out twist: "Sea salt meets sweet treat in an updated classic coconut macaroon." It was created for the Pillsbury Bake-Off by Sarah Meuser of New Milford, Connecticut.
Salted Caramel Macaroons
- 1 can (14 oz) Sweetened Condensed Milk
- 1 jar (12.25 oz) Smucker's® Caramel Ice Cream Topping
- 1 cup Pillsbury BEST® All Purpose Unbleached Flour
- 1 1/4 teaspoons Sea Salt
- 2 bags (14 oz each) shredded coconut
- 1 1/2 cup Chopped Pecans
- 1 cup semi-sweet chocolate baking chips
- Heat oven to 325°F. Line 2 large cookie sheets with cooking parchment paper; spray with Crisco® Original No-Stick Cooking Spray.
- In large bowl, combine condensed milk, caramel topping, flour and 3/4 teaspoon of the sea salt; mix well. Stir in coconut, pecans and chocolate chips until well mixed.
- Drop dough by rounded tablespoonfuls 1 inch apart onto cookie sheets. Lightly sprinkle tops with remaining 1/2 teaspoon sea salt.
- Bake 15 to 25 minutes or until golden brown. Immediately remove from cookie sheets to cooling racks. Cool completely, about 30 minutes. Store in airtight container.


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The New Amsterdam Market Pops Up for Summer
After a dispute with the City Council about the fate of the Fulton Fish Market, the New Amsterdam Market came back yesterday for summer, with 70+ locally-minded vendors selling everything from cheese to maple syrup, raisins dried on the vine to seasonal produce, from fresh-caught fish to cold-brewed coffee. And, of course, some ready to eat bites: tacos, sandwiches, and plenty of ice cream.
Unfortunately the market will not be returning weekly; its next showing will be in the fall, when supporters will be showing up to support something that, like Smorgasbar, is a worthy part of the effort to revitalize the South Street Seaport after the devastation of Hurricane Sandy. The market may be fighting for a home, but we suspect it's not out for the count.
Take a peek at the slideshow for a look at what the market had to offer, and check back at their website for updates.
This post may contain links to Amazon or other partners; your purchases via these links can benefit Serious Eats. Read more about our affiliate linking policy.


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On the heels of a poll that showed 29 percent of registered voters believe an "armed revolution" may be needed in America to restore liberties, a second poll indicates Americans already have figured out a solution – reject federal laws that are unconstitutional.
The previous poll by Fairleigh Dickinson University said that among Republicans, 44 percent think armed revolution soon might be needed. But a Rasmussen poll highlighted by the Tenth Amendment Center found that more than one-third of Americans favor their state blocking federal gun control laws if it considers them to be unconstitutional.
Less than half, 45 percent, opposed blocking laws considered unconstitutional.
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And on the general question of "nullification," 44 percent believe states should have the right to block any federal laws they disagree with on legal grounds. Thirty-six percent disagree and 20 percent are undecided, the pollsters said.
The states-rights argument has gained traction recently in the U.S. in response to a major control effort from Washington, Obamacare and dozens of other agendas on which the Obama administration is building its legacy.
"Digging into the numbers, we find even broader support for nullification where it really counts – on Main Street," the center's report said.
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"A majority of everyday politically engaged Americans support the general principle of nullification. According to the Rasmussen poll, 52 percent of mainstream voters think states should have the right to block any federal laws they disagree with on legal grounds. Where does the opposition come from? Seventy-four percent of those polled identifying with the 'political class' oppose nullification," the center said.
Tennessee Tenth Amendment Center state chapter coordinator Lesley Swann said people "are finally starting to understand and accept the concept of decentralization. Our message is mainstream now, and we have hard data to prove it."
Mike Maharrey, the national communications chief for the center, said the results are amazing.
"Think about it. Even with constant demonization of nullification in the media, a majority of everyday Americans believe the states should step in and block unconstitutional acts. And the pollsters used the word 'block,'" he said. "It's the politicians and pundits – the so-called political class – who oppose it. Hardly shocking, since the whole idea of decentralization threatens their grip on power."
Maharrey noted the polling indicates that "many who don't necessarily embrace nullification still believe in decentralizing power, and devolving authority back to the states and the people where the founders intended, at least when it comes to firearms regulation."
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According to the poll, he pointed out, 49 percent think it should be a state or local issue.
"When it comes to certain issues, even Democrats jump on the nullification train," he said. "According to a Pew Research poll released last month, 59 percent of Democrats say that the federal government should not enforce federal marijuana laws in states that permit its use."
Maharrey concluded: "Ladies and gentlemen, nullification just became the majority opinion."
Maharrey's group points out that the 10th Amendment reserves to the states and the people all powers not specifically granted to the federal government. That would include jurisdiction over activities such as in-state manufacturing and health care, which are not mentioned in the Constitution.
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On point in the dispute is the recent move by the Kansas legislature to nullify certain limits on firearms, magazines or ammunition by the federal government.
Kansas Gov. Sam Brownback, a Republican, signed Senate Bill 102 into law to exempt Kansas from any laws the federal government might pass that would infringe on Second Amendment rights.
Thirty-two state legislatures already have introduced pro-Second Amendment "nullification" bills. The progress of the bills can be tracked at the Tenth Amendment Center's website.
Montana began the trend with its Firearms Freedom Act. The law is currently tied up in the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals, which heard arguments last month. The Cato and Goldwater Institutes have filed a friend-of-the-court brief "arguing that federal law doesn't preempt Montana's ability to exercise its sovereign police powers to facilitate the exercise of individual rights protected by the Second and Ninth Amendments."
As WND reported, several more states have now passed laws modeled after Montana's Firearms Freedom Act, including Arizona, Wyoming, South Dakota, Utah and Tennessee.
Nullification previously has been used as a legal argument to overturn everything from pro-slavery laws to Obamacare, always unsuccessfully. The U.S. Supreme Court contends that under the Supremacy Clause of the Constitution, federal law is superior to state law and that federal courts have the final say on interpreting the Constitution.
But with the momentum of 32 states having introduced pro-Second Amendment nullification bills, that may change. And the poll results appear to support the move.
Michael Boldin, founder of the Tenth Amendment Center, said there are many ways to nullify a law.
"The courts can strike a law down. The executive branch could refuse to enforce it. People in large numbers might refuse to comply. A number of states could pass a law making its enforcement illegal. Or a number a states could refuse to cooperate in any way with its enforcement."
Right now, the Obama administration is "nullifying" the federal Defense of Marriage Act by refusing to enforce it.
The concept also has gained traction because of the federal National Defense Authorization Act, which appears to allow the indefinite detainment of U.S. citizens without due process.
Several states have adopted bills stating that such actions are not allowed inside their borders.
During the 2012 election alone, nearly a dozen states voted on measures that literally snubbed Washington's authority, ranging from marijuana to Obamacare.
As WND reported, Arizona and Montana reviewed proposals that would set up standing state commissions to review "all existing federal statutes, mandates, and executive orders" to determine their constitutionality.
The commissions would recommend to state lawmakers whether or not any particular federal plan should be nullified in that state.
Weighing in the the subject, WND columnist Walter Williams argued that "moral people" can't rely only on courts to determine what is right and wrong.
"Suppose Congress enacted a law – and the Supreme Court ruled it constitutional – requiring American families to attend church services at least three times a month," he wrote. "Should we obey such a law? Suppose Congress, acting under the Constitution's commerce clause, enacted a law requiring motorists to get eight hours of sleep before driving on interstate highways. Its justification might be that drowsy motorists risk highway accidents, and accidents affect interstate commerce. Suppose you were a jury member during the 1850s and a free person were on trial for assisting a runaway slave, in clear violation of the Fugitive Slave Act. Would you vote to convict and punish?
"A moral person would find each one of those laws either morally repugnant or to be a clear violation of our Constitution. You say, 'Williams, you're wrong this time. In 1859, in Ableman v. Booth, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 constitutional.' That court decision, as well as some others in our past, makes my case. Moral people can't rely solely on the courts to establish what's right or wrong. Slavery is immoral; therefore, any laws that support slavery are also immoral. In the words of Thomas Jefferson, 'to consider the judges as the ultimate arbiters of all constitutional questions (is) a very dangerous doctrine indeed, and one which would place us under the despotism of an oligarchy.'"
The Tenth Amendment Center's perspective on nullification:


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Welcome to the Paragon Wiki, a central repository of all things related to NCsoft's City of Heroes, the world's most popular superhero-themed MMORPG; covering from launch on April 28, 2004, to the final sunset on November 30, 2012, and even beyond. It is a community effort, created and maintained by more than two thousand volunteers since 2005.
City of Heroes was home to an entire multiverse of superpowered beings in a stunning, 3D graphical world. Hundreds of thousands of players took on the roles of heroes, villains, vigilantes, and rogues, while both saving and destroying worlds. City of Heroes was known for its groundbreaking level of customization, its highly community-focused features, and its abundant developer-player interaction and feedback.
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City of Heroes may be closed, but the Paragon Wiki is not. We welcome any content you're able to add, fill in, or revise!
Getting familiar with Paragon Wiki's Article Guidelines and the Help pages prior to contributing makes a big difference in helping a new editor get settled. A lot of wiki syntax assistance can be found in the Help pages.
Don't know where to start? A good place to begin is by editing articles that are designated as stubs, incomplete, or works in progress. These articles need anything from minor tweaks to major overhauls, and anything you have to add would be appreciated! Once you're comfortable, you can take a look at the Wanted Pages, a list of linked-to articles that don't yet exist.


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See also: Wedding
- (US) IPA(key): /ˈwɛdɪŋ/, [ˈwɛɾɪŋ]
Audio (US) (file)
- Homophone: wetting
Audio (UK) (file)
- Rhymes: -ɛdɪŋ
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle English wedding, weddynge, from Old English weddung ("betrothal, espousal"), equivalent to wed + -ing. Cognate with Middle Dutch weddinghe.
- present participle of wed
- 1885, Richard Francis Burton, The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night, Volume 14,
- Accordingly the Prince, accepting her largesse, sought the King to whom he had pledged his parents (and they were still with him in all weal and welfare) and going in to him made his salam and kissed ground and told him the whole tale of the past and the conditions of death or marriage he had made with the King's daughter and of his wedding her after overcoming her in contention.
- 1885, Richard Francis Burton, The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night, Volume 14,
wedding (plural weddings)
- Marriage ceremony; ritual officially celebrating the beginning of a marriage.
- Her announcement was quite a surprise, coming a month after she published the words "I hate weddings with a passion and a fury I can only partially explain rationally."
- 1858, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, The Wedding-Day, in The Courtship of Miles Standish,
- Simple and brief was the wedding, as that of Ruth and of Boaz.
- 1909, Lucy Maud Montgomery, Anne of Avonlea, Chapter XXIV,
- Rumor has it that there will be a wedding in our village ere the daisies are in bloom.
- 1922, Anton Chekhov, Constance Garnett (translator), The Cook's Wedding, in The Cook's Wedding and Other Stories,
- After the wedding there was singing and concertina-playing in the laundry till late evening.
- Joining of two or more parts.
- The wedding of our three companies took place last week.
- 1900, Eve Emery Dye, McLoughlin and Old Oregon, 2005 facsimile edition, page 56,
- That wedding of the fur companies is historic.
- 1991, Richard M. Merelman, Partial Visions: Culture and Politics in Britain, Canada, and the United States, page 162,
- Significantly, Grand Metropolitan elaborates upon the wedding of tradition and consumer narcissim that is the distinctively British version of private-sector collective representations; […] .
- 2000, Benton E. Gup, New Financial Architecture: Banking Regulation in the 21st Century, page 221,
- The wedding of commercial with universal banking would result in more careful project evaluation and selection and a closer monitoring of existing loans.
- 2002, Lynn Abbott, Doug Seroff, Out of Sight: The Rise of African American Popular Music, 1889-1895, page 176,
- The wedding of black brass bands and orchestras to jubilee concert companies was a consolidation that favored both promoters and musicians.
Derived termsEdit
Terms derived from wedding
- Birds' Wedding
- blood wedding
- destination wedding
- penny wedding
- wedding band
- wedding gift
- wedding ring
marriage ceremony
joining of two or more parts
See alsoEdit
Further readingEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Conversion of wedding (noun) to verb.
wedding (third-person singular simple present weddings, present participle weddinging, simple past and past participle weddinged)
- (intransitive, humorous) To participate in a wedding.
- 1905, Hubert Garle; George Morland, Percy Fairclough, A driving tour in the Isle of Wight[1], page 116:
- "Snowball" was the name of this good steed, and great care had evidently been taken in her grooming to make her worthy of her name, her bridle being also gaily decked with coloured ribbons, for, as John said, when attending to these duties, "You don't go out a weddinging every day, do you, old gal?"
- 1909, Daisy E. M. F. Campbell, "Miss Yin Yang, of Shanghai", in The New England magazine, volume 40:
- "Where you goin' get weddinged?" she inquired one day. / "We shall be married at the Episcopal Church, Yin Yang,"
- 2002, Whitney Balliett, Collected Works: A Journal of Jazz 1954-2001, page 78:
- (In her private life this year, three of her children have been married, in quick succession, leaving her "weddinged out.")
- 2010, Edward Anchel, Lost in Vegas:
- It was the most opportune time; I had my agenda and she had hers, and I suspected that she and Susan would be "weddinged" out by the time they got home
- 2010 October 20, "Sideshow: Stop the press:...", in Philadelphia Inquirer, The:
- Wasn't he the dude she weddinged with in her "Love All Over Me" vid? Sure was. . .


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Gee, im glad I only have a few shows to watch, but I still think I need tivo on two tvs I forgot all about CSI: Miami, huge crush on Eric here
I saw DWTS! And How I met your mother! Both absolutely rocked tonight!
Did any of you watch thw show with Britney on it? How was she?
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Purely speculative here but remember when Toney Douglas was being shopped before the draft in an attempt to acquire then T'Wolves point guard Jonny Flynn? Now with the drafting of Iman Shumpert, a more prototypical point guard at 6'5, could Douglas be on the move? Douglas is coming off of shoulder surgery and his often erratic play has often irked head coach Mike D'Antoni. I do not know if the league is as high on Douglas as I am but I think he is a very good player for our system. He will play defense and shoot. With Shumpert's arrival Douglas should be relied on as a point guard less and should be relied upon more as an off-ball shooter.
So where would Douglas be moved? There haven't been many rumors lately but I think if a team would come calling offering a low post presence in exchange for Douglas then the Knicks would think about making a deal. Also if the Knicks are going to try to make a trade for Chris Paul or Dwight Howard, I think Douglas is one of the only assets we have and they would not hesitate to put him in a deal.
I am not saying that Douglas is being rumored for any deals and this is purely speculative but it is just something to think about in the future…Follow @tarmosino


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In more than two hours of testimony, Fenty and Gray told a congressional subcommittee that the city and its leaders are now mature enough to lose some of the congressional scrutiny established under the Home Rule act. [emphasis mine]
First, let's remember what we're talking about here: all DC laws, budgets, etc., must be approved by Congress before they can become law. The new act would not loosen restrictions much, it would still allow Congress to overturn laws passed by the district, it just wouldn't require congressional approval to pass them in the first place. And all of that is, I believe, obviously ridiculous. But what I noticed here was more about the attitude, present in the word choice, that led to these laws seeming necessary/reasonable in the first place. It's about the city and its leaders being "mature" enough to handle democracy, "mature" enough to handle truly having a right to vote. In a majority black city, it seems clear why some congressmen still think the city deserves separate treatment. Perhaps as the population changes, and the city becomes more white, it will suddenly be seen as "mature" enough.


text: Shares of publicly traded commercial property companies may continue to fall. But if you're ready to invest, here's a real-estate fund to consider. By Steven Goldberg, Contributing Columnist March 10, 2008 High-yielding real estate investment trusts, which invest in commercial real estate, have been battered for more than a year now. From their peak on February 7, 2007, the major REIT indexes plunged about 35%. (All results include dividends, which in the case of REITs are not insignificant.)But this selloff follows a huge runup. From the start of 2003 through 2006, the MSCI U.S. REIT index was reminiscent of an Internet stock before the tech bubble burst. During those four years, the index soared 170% -- or an annualized 28%. That's about the same amount that home prices appreciated during the same period -- if you lived in one of the nation's hot spots, such as California, Florida or the much of the Northeast. But now home prices are sinking in most areas of the country, and no less an authority than Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke says he doesn't expect prices to hit bottom until sometime next year. When it comes to REITs, however, the turn may come sooner. That's the view of Mike Winer, manager of Third Avenue Real Estate Value. Winer, one of the canniest real estate investors at the helm of a mutual fund, says he's finding great values. My concern: His holdings may get even cheaper before they begin to recover. Advertisement Commercial real estate and single-family homes are very different animals, but they do share some key traits. Most important: They both rely on borrowed money. And just as the home-mortgage market has constricted, so has lending for commercial real estate. Indeed, it would be surprising if the credit crunch didn't cripple commercial real estate. Commercial property values are tumbling, sales are drying up, and plenty of good properties are vacant. REITs are a special kind of real-estate company that must pay out almost all their profits to shareholders annually. That's the source of their generous yields, currently more than 4% on average. REITs are a great vehicle for providing investors with income and diversification. Just a few of years ago, I gave this simple advice about REITs and other publicly traded commercial real estate: If you're an aggressive investor, put 5% of your stock money in a well run real-estate mutual fund. If you're more conservative or are in retirement, consider upping your allocation to 10%. But that counsel is out the window nowadays. Advertisement REITs will come back in time. But I think it pays to wait just now. The prices of what were once conservative investments got bid up out of proportion to reality and are still falling. If you want to tiptoe back into the water now, though, Third Avenue Real Estate Value (symbol TAREX) is a terrific vehicle. Winer, 52, has been at Third Avenue Management 14 years and has run the fund 9½ years. What's more, he spent his career in real estate before becoming a real estate stockpicker. All that experience has paid off. Since inception at the start of 1999, the fund has returned an annualized 17% -- almost four percentage points per year, on average, more than the MSCI U.S. REIT index. Just as impressive: The fund has been 25% less volatile than the index. And the fund has held up slightly better than most other real estate funds in the current selloff. Advertisement For bargain hunters like Winer, falling share prices are a good thing. "We've now swung well past reasonable valuations for real estate," he says. "Stock prices have gone well beyond even our worst case for how low we think the underlying real estate prices could go." Winer is hardly your typical REIT manager. Only 24% of his fund is in U.S. REITs. About 10% is in foreign REITs, and the rest is in traditional corporations that specialize in real estate. Consequently, the yield on his fund tends to be below-average -- it's 2% currently. On the plus side, regular companies, unlike REITs, can retain can their profits to fuel future growth. A bit more than half the fund's holdings are outside the U.S. "That's where we're finding bargains," says Winer, a disciple of Third Avenue founder Marty Whitman, who's known for advocating stocks that are "safe and cheap." Winer looks for companies with good management and properties in areas where its hard for competitors to make inroads. Finally, he wants those nifty companies at attractive prices. Once he finds a stock, he keeps it five years on average. He owns just 40 stocks and isn't afraid to back up the truck when he really likes one. Advertisement Take Forest City Enterprises (FCE-A), the fund's largest holding, at 14% of assets. "It's probably the best real-estate development company in the world," says Winer. It owns and develops a wide variety of commercial property in 25 states. Because of its strong balance sheet, Forest City was recently able to acquire 2,500 lots in San Antonio at just 25% of what a homebuilder paid for them three years ago, Winer says. Meanwhile, shares of Forest City have fallen by more than 50% since last May, to $35. "It's a screaming bargain if you have a long-term view," Winer says. As for homebuilders, Winer isn't nibbling yet. "They may look cheap relative to their net assets, but I don't know how to get comfortable with their asset values." In other words, prices will likely continue to fall. Steven T. Goldberg (bio) is an investment adviser and freelance writer. Show comments


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Sure, the blogosphere may be supersaturated with wedding-related tidbits around this time of year, but if you're not getting hitched soon, you can still relish in the pretty Pins and dreamy dresses, right? Of course, you can!
And the latest offerings from whimsical accessory line Littledoe include striking goodies for brides and singletons alike. Bi-coastal designer Chase Cohl (she resides in Laurel Canyon half the year) has been in the accessory-making game since '08, but just recently launched an incredibly ethereal collection of beaded headdresses, floral crowns, silver-flecked veils, and antique dresses — all fit for nature-soaked nuptials. And the enchanting romantic-meets-rock lookbook stars none other than Theodora Richards (yes, the daughter of Rolling Stones legend, Keith Richards).
"The inspiration came from a sort of Marianne Faithfull-meets-Marie Antoinette vibe," explained Cohl. "I have always been enamored by the '60s and '70s aesthetic, but when it comes to weddings, no workmanship is better than that of the late 19th and early 20th century, so I did my best to marry the two together in an elemental way," she said.
We're really feeling the Marianne Faithfull effect — especially since Keith used to kick it with her in his heyday. Six degrees of separation much? Plus, we could so see Theodora's mom, Patti, sporting this look in the '70s.
The pieces alone are breathtaking, but then the earthy lookbook elevates the ensembles. We marveled at the celestial images of the couple heading to the altar in a lush orchard setting — dream wedding! Take a peek at the snapshots (and the accompanying video), and get ready to start plotting an outdoor ceremony, stat — these images are that inspiring.


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What do you think?
Hal Bodley's baseball column in Friday's USA Today stated the topic of instant replay for home runs is on the agenda during this week's general mangers meetings in sunny Naples, FL.
Phillies fans vividly recall Chase Utley's potential three-run homer on September 26 in RFK Stadium. His drive was ruled foul by the first base umpire Rob Drake although TV replays showed it glanced off the foul pole. Utley popped out. The Phils lost, 4-3, during the Wild Card chase, a pivotal defeat.
Umpires are human and they will make mistakes. Many times, TV replays show the umpires are correct more often than not. And, yet there is something that says get it right.
Instant replay as been part of the pro football fabric for a few years. Today, a play was reviewed during the third quarter of the Eagles' game. Brian Westbrook caught a pass, went down and the wet ball came loose. Washington recovered the ball but the zebra-striped officials said no, the ball belonged to the green team. Before play could resume, Joe Gibbs threw the red flag seeking a replay.
Between the time of that play and the next play, seven minutes elapsed because of the review process. That's a long delay. Granted, seven minutes is probably not the norm. But, at a critical time in a game, there is a delay while the referee peeks into a video machine and talks to Mr. Replay seated upstairs.
I'm a purist. I say keep technology in the baseball closet. Missed home runs don't happen often (although Ryan Howard may have had another HR in Houston had there been replay).
What do you think?
3 Comments
I could see introducing a technology assist with the HR calls because presumably you could slap a wireless magnet on a foul pole and instantly know whether a moving object passes to the side of a vertical plane — without requiring an ump to stick his head in a TV camera for a long look. But having said that, life is good in the national pastime, arguably better than ever judging by 76 million fans, record Internet activity, etc. It ain't broke, it's thriving. I think one of the beauties of the game is that what is done at the Major League level translates to the Little League level — umpires making judgment calls with their eyes. I could stand the introduction of a non-intrusive, wireless-enabled (not TV camera-based!) HR get-it-right availability but overall I'm with ya.
There is a plus to adding technology. It would make games longer, but I still say no to any instant replay technology. Managers throwing bases and kicking dirt on umpire pants has to stay!
I was at that game in RFK and it was a home run from any angle it was an atrocious call…but it was the total collapse of the Phillies in the 1st month of the 2006 season that caused them the Wild Card.
It's time to recognize if a manager isn't prepared to win at the beginning of a season then he should be replaced, this was the 2nd season in a row the Phillies weren't managed well at the start of the season.
How many seasons does it take to fix an obvious recurring problem?


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Cox Cable in West Fork, Arkansas is transforming entertainment in homes throughout the country. As the third largest provider of cable TV and Internet services in the country, Cox Cable is bringing service to an impressive 6.2 million customers. With 54 years in the telecommunications industry, you get experience when you choose Cox as your provider of TV, Internet and/or phone service.
Cox Cable in West Fork puts you completely in control of your TV viewing pleasure. You never againa have to worry about missing a favorite show, because with Cox Cable, you can set up your Whole Home DVR to record your shows automatically. Playback your recordings whenever you want, and from anywhere with TV Everywhere apps.
Enjoy all your local and national teams, watch blockbuster movies, get primetime programming and more with Cox Cable. There are a variety of plans available, so no matter what you're looking for, there is a plan that fits your household. In addition to a premium cable lineup, Cox also brings you the best in local channels with every plan. Enjoy HD channels, pay-per-view, On Demand and more at your convenience.
With cable Internet service from Cox Cable, West Fork residents get free installation, a router and online security, as well as the choice of Internet plans with speeds as fast as 50 Mbps. Far superior to speeds delivered by other providers, Cox lets you do more of what you want to do online: surf the web, play games, stream videos, download files, share photos, and more.
Powerboost technology from Cox is sure to help you maintain your connectivity. With more than 2.9 million Internet subscribers, Cox is connecting more users and delivering dependable connection.
In addition to cable TV and fast Internet, Cox Cable also offers home phone service in West Fork. Multiple plans are available to choose from and include premium phone features and unlimited calls throughout the nation and to Canada.
Cox Cable offers West Fork residents Double Play and Triple Play bundles of cable TV, Internet and home phone service, in order to save money and to streamline the bills coming into your home monthly. With bundles you get the best price possible on the plans you want from Cox and can save as much as $150 monthly.


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>>>Collegiate Baseball Magazine
MILLEDGEVILLE, Ga. – The Georgia College & State University baseball team (35-15) dropped its lone game last week in the Peach Belt Conference (PBC) Tournament, but managed to keep national top-20 ranking spots in three different polls. The Bobcats were No. 9 in Collegiate Baseball Magazine, No. 12 in the Ping! Division II Poll, and No. 19 in the National Collegiate Baseball Writers' Association (NCBWA) list.
The Bobcats dropped one spot to No. 9 in the Collegiate Baseball Magazine top-30, and are listed third among PBC schools. No. 4 Columbus State University and No. 6 Francis Marion University lead the Bobcats, with North Georgia at No. 21, and UNC Pembroke at No. 22.
The Bobcats fell three slots to No. 12 in the Ping! top-30, and are again listed third among PBC schools. No. 7 Columbus State and No. 8 Francis Marion are again ahead of Georgia College.
Georgia College dropped just one spot to No. 19 in the NCBWA top-25, and is listed third among PBC schools. No. 8 CSU and No. 13 FMU again hold the two spots in front of the Bobcats.
The Bobcats are back in action Thursday, May 13 at 11 a.m. in the NCAA Southeast Regional Tournament against No. 8 Mount Olive College in Florence, S.C.
The GCSU Department of Athletics, winners of the 2008-09 PBC Commissioner's Cup, sponsors 10 varsity athletic programs at the NCAA Division II level. As a Division II program, Georgia College prides itself on balancing the life of the student-athlete, evidenced by the Bobcats' multiple appearances in post-season competition as well as documented academic success and community-service involvement. Sign up at Twitter.com username GCSUSID for up-to-the-minute reports, and visit www.GCSUBobcats.com to nominate your favorite former Bobcats and Colonials to the GCSU Athletics Hall of Fame.


text: GritFX T-Shirts has launched its' third T-Shirt store – Magic Bullet T-Shirts. Primarily the brainchild of GritFX artist/writer Max Drake, Magic Bullet is for those seeking something a little on the weird side. Magic Bullet designs are inspired by mythology, politics, UFOs and alien entities, conspiracy topics and other stuff that's frankly just damn strange. Loads more designs will be uploaded in the next few days, weeks and months, so be sure to check them out.


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Surgical experience for radical prostatectomy
Dear OncoLink "Ask The Experts,"
I am considering nerve-sparing radical prostatecomy and radiation therapy. For the prostatecomy, I have found it difficult to find any "guidelines" to suggest what minimum number of prostatecomies annually and years of experience could contribute to a better outcome, and would minimize impotence and incontinence. What would you suggest?
Alan J. Wein, MD, Professor and Chair of the Division of Urology at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, responds:
In my opinion, the more experience, in general, the better the outcome, and the better equipped an individual surgeon is going to be in dealing with any and all problems that might occur post-operatively. Every surgeon, regardless of how experienced, has cases of incontinence and impotence following nerve sparing prostatectomy. My personal opinion is that 50 per year is the number that an operating surgeon should have to assure the patient of maximum experience in this area. This is not to say that there are not some surgeons who do less than this number who are absolutely terrific at this procedure. Mind you, this is just an educated guess, based upon experience. These cases should be as the lead surgeon and not part of the team.


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From eLearning
- 1 What is eLearning?
- 2 Who takes eLearning classes at BCC?
- 3 How long has BCC been offering eLearning courses?
- 4 Why eLearning @ BCC?
- 5 eLearning mission statement
- 6 How do I access my eLearning class?
- 7 I'm new to eLearning. What should I expect?
- 8 I've registered for an eLearning class. Now what?
- 9 Do I need to come to campus for my distance learning class?
- 10 Technical Requirements
- 11 Success in the Online Classroom
- 12 Accessibility and eLearning
- 13 Copyright Notice
- 14 eLearning Policies and Procedures
What is eLearning?
eLearning is the term that is used to describe BCC's distance learning course offerings.
Students who take courses in one of these modalities are often refereed to as "eLearning students."
eLearning also refers to BCC's learning management system where faculty members can post resources for traditional face-to-face courses or teach partially or completely online. Students who are taking BCC distance learning classes need to access eLearning in order to connect to their online courses.
eLearning is more than just a single system - it is comprised of a variety of technologies and tools that students and faculty members can access, including the Smarthinking eTutoring platform, SafeAssign anti-plagiarism software, and VoiceThread.
Who takes eLearning classes at BCC?
- The majority of eLearning students live geographically close to one of our campus/satellite locations.
- Most students take a combination of eLearning and face-to-face classes.
- Over 3,000 BCC students are enrolled in at least one eLearning course in the spring 2017 term.
- Over 700 students are only taking fully-online courses in the spring 2017 term.
- General Studies Mass Transfer, General Studies Health and Life Sciences Option, Business Administration, Computer Information Systems, and Criminal Justice are the top degree designations of eLearning students.
- 68% of registered students in the spring 2017 term self-identify as female.
- The average age of eLearning students is 27.
How long has BCC been offering eLearning courses?
eLearning began at BCC way back in Fall 1999! It was a bit different then as the "world wide web" as we know it was still in its infancy - the main method of distance learning in 1999 was actually through television courses!!! At points in our history we also offered email courses and interactive television courses. Of course now the internet is our main method of course delivery but it doesn't mean that 5 years from now we won't be using a completely different technology.
Below you'll find two charts that demonstrate the growth in BCC's eLearning course offerings and enrollments. You can also view a full summary of eLearning headcounts and credits.
Why eLearning @ BCC?
Designed for students on the go
The Blackboard Learn eLearning platform is mobile friendly designed to work with mobile devices. Visit the Blackboard Learn log-on page for links to Blackboard Mobile on iTunes and Google Play.
Award winning courses and faculty
Two courses at BCC have been recognized as Blackboard Exemplary Courses:
- 2013 Exemplary Course Award for Developmental Pediatric Occupational Therapy Practice
- 2014 Exemplary Course Award for Musculoskeletal Anatomy
BCC faculty and courses have also been recognized as Courses of Distinction (COD) at the annual Mass Colleges Online (MCO) conference: MCO COD Award Winners 2004-2013
Interesting facts: 158 faculty members are teaching eLearning courses in the spring 2016 term. Over 50% of full-time faculty at BCC are teaching at least one eLearning course this term!
eLearning mission statement
The mission of eLearning at Bristol Community College is to:
- Deliver high-quality online courses and programs that adhere to industry best practices and guidelines;
- Encourage and support faculty use of synchronous and asynchronous instructional technologies in online, hybrid, and face-to-face learning environments;
- Provide new avenues of access to educational opportunities;
- Utilize interaction strategies to engage learners with individual faculty members and courses and the broader college community;
- Expand learner access to academic support services through the use of online tools and strategies; and
- Enable learners to initiate and complete necessary academic tasks without the need to come to campus.
How do I access my eLearning class?
You can log directly into the eLearning server using your accessBCC username and password at: https://bristolcc.blackboard.com/
Please note that not all eLearning courses use the BCC eLearning platform. Some courses use publisher provided or alternative sites. However, links to these sites, and information on how to access them, should be provided with the BCC eLearning course space.
Also, please note that although you can log into the eLearning system, you will not be able to access your courses until the first day of the term. If you select one of your courses prior to that time you will be presented with a message that "this course is not available yet."
I'm new to eLearning. What should I expect?
- If you've never taken an online class before it is highly recommended that you complete the eLearning 101 tutorial. This is a free sample course site where you can learn how to download course files, post to the discussion board and gain answers to frequently asked questions. .
- You can also attend an eLearning orientation session to gain some hands-on help.
How much time will taking an online class take?
Although you do not need to physically come to campus, you still need to set aside equivalent time to learn, study and interact in the online classroom. If you were going to take a 3 credit course you would come to campus for 3 hours a week and would spend an additional 6 hours a week doing reading and homework outside of the classroom. In the online environment, you will spend the same amount of time, but you will need to figure out how to structure your own learning.
- For a 3 credit course you should plan to spend a total of 135 hours during a semester regardless of whether the course meets face-to-face, as hybrid, or fully online.
The table that appears below should help you identify how much time you should plan to spend per week if you are taking a three credit course:
|Semester Length
|Time Per Week
|15 weeks =
|9 hours per week
|13 weeks =
|10 hours per week
|11 weeks =
|12 hours per week
|8 weeks =
|17 hours per week
|6 weeks =
|23 hours per week
|3 weeks =
|45 hours per week
Watch the following videos to get a better understanding of and some of the skills and abilities you should have prior to taking an online class.
Getting Started with eLearning Part 1
Getting Started with eLearning Part 2
Getting Started with eLearning Part 3
I've registered for an eLearning class. Now what?
- About a week prior to the start of the semester, you will also receive an email in your Office365 bristolcc.edu account from the college containing important information about taking distance learning classes. Many instructors will also communicate with students using college email so it is critical that you regularly check your Office 365 email account!
- Log onto the system on the first day of classes! It is important that you log onto eLearning the first day of classes to access the course site. You should carefully review the syllabus so you understand the course expectations. Attendance policies do apply in the online classroom and instructors can mark you absent if they do not hear from you on a regular basis and can also administratively withdraw you from a class. So, be sure to log on and begin participating the first day of classes!
- Be sure to have your course books and other required materials by the first day of class. Remember that you can order your books online through the BCC Bookstore. If you need help with ordering books, you can view the a step by step tutorial here to assist you.
Do I need to come to campus for my distance learning class?
- Web courses do not physically meet on campus at any time during the semester so you do not need to come to campus for any "class meetings." All course work is completed 100% online.
- Hybrid courses are a combination of face-to-face instruction and online interaction. Each hybrid course is different regarding how many times during the semester it meets. If you have registered for a hybrid course it is important that you attend the first class meeting. A reminder that you can find out when and where your course meets by checking your course schedule in accessBCC.
- Student Option Enrollment courses allow students to take the course as a traditional lecture course, 100% online or as a hybrid course. If you registered for a student option enrollment class it is highly recommended that you come to the first face-to-face meeting but if you have opted to take the class fully online then please make sure that you contact your instructor to let him/her know.
Technical Requirements
- In order to successfully participate in and complete a distance learning course you will need to have access to a computer which is connected to the internet. It doesn't matter whether you have a PC or a Mac – eLearning is compatible with both platforms.
- eLearning is also supported on most mobile devices. However, some content may be presented in a format (such as Flash) that is not supported by particular devices.
- If you do not have your own computer you can use the designated computer labs at any of our campuses, BCC library resources, or your local library.
- Because specific computer and browser configuration settings are necessary for the eLearning system a conversation with your employer prior to the start of classes is encouraged if you plan on using a computer at work.
- Make sure your computer is properly configured and has all the necessary software for your course by trying our eLearning 101 course - available from the eResources tab once you log into Blackboard. The eLearning course contains links to common plug-ins and applications that many courses use.
Browser Recommendations
- For desktop and laptop systems we recommend the use of either Google Chrome or the Firefox web browser.
The Blackboard Learn eLearning platform is designed to work with mobile devices. Visit the Blackboard Learn log-on page for links to BB Student on iTunes and Google Play or the BCC Mobile App.
Success in the Online Classroom
While the content of an online class will be similar to what you would experience in a traditional face-to-face setting, learning online does present a different set of challenges. The tips below will help you make the most of your online learning experience.
- Although most online classes do not have specific days or times when you meet as a class, all have deadlines and due dates. It is important that you log on to eLearning on the first day of the term and carefully review the syllabus so you understand the course expectations.
- Attendance policies do apply in the online classroom. Be sure to read and understand each instructor's attendance policy. Instructors can mark you absent if they do not hear from you on a regular basis and can also administratively withdraw you from a class. If you cannot "attend" class be sure to communicate that to your instructor!
- Do not just stop attending class! Make sure that you formally drop the class by completing a course withdrawal form or by dropping the class through accessBCC. The Student Handbook contains information on withdrawing from a class.
- If you are having difficulty with the content of the class or cannot locate something on the course site be sure to contact your instructor!
- If you are having technical difficulties, please visit our Help page to learn how to contact us for support.
- Remember that students taking classes, certificate or degree programs online have access to the same student support services as those students taking traditional face-to-face classes. This includes access to tutoring, library services and disability services. Some of these services are available electronically, others you will need to call in order to obtain additional information or to request services.
Smarthinking eTutoring System
All BCC students - not just online students - can access the [Smarthinking eTutoring platform.]
BCC has been using Smarthinking for the past two years and in reviewing the data can say that students who used Smarthinking had a higher Average Term GPA AND Overall GPA than their peers AND were also more likely to get a C or better in their courses.
Interested in seeing the data? The PDF files linked below provide an overview of how students use Smarthinking and what the impact has been:
- Smarthinking 2011-12 usage and data analysis.
- Smarthinking 2012-13 usage and data analysis.
- Smarthinking 2013-14 usage and data analysis.
- Smarthinking 2014-15 usage and data analysis.
Completion Rates
Over the years there have been a number of studies and articles questioning whether or not students taking courses fully or partially online are as successful (in terms of completion, retention and persistence) as those students who take classes in the face-to-face classroom. At BCC we continually review data to determine how students are doing in our courses and programs and what additional institutional or course-level interventions can help students be successful. The PDF file linked below provides a ful summary of the completion rate data for both eLearning and BCC as a whole.
eLearning and College Completion Rate Comparison Fall 2005 – Fall 2016
Accessibility and eLearning
Blackboard Learn
The Blackboard Learn system is compliant with the W3C WAI-AA WCAG 2.0 standards.
Certain math courses use the MyLabs or MyLabsPlus Platform from Pearson Education. Learn more about accessibility and MyLabsPlus. You can also visit this website to learn more about the new accessibility features of MathPlayer 3 which is the plug-in needed to run MyMathLab.
Other associated technologies:
For questions about accessibility options or to report a problem, please contact April Bellafiore, Dean of eLearning.
Copyright Notice
Materials used in connection with the eLearning system may be subject to copyright protection. It is recommended that all users of the eLearning system review the college's copyright policy. Additional information on copyright can be found on the [| BCC Library's Scholarly Communication Libguide.]
eLearning Policies and Procedures
- Every credit course at BCC automatically has a course space created within eLearning.
- Faculty members will automatically have access to their course spaces once they are formally assigned to a course.
- Faculty members who are new to BCC or new to the eLearning system should contact the Center for Instructional Technology Expertise (CITE lab).
- Students are automatically added to course spaces once they register for a course, however, they will not be able to access the course space until the course start date.
- Students who are dropped or withdraw from a course will lose access to their eLearning course space and will be marked inactive in the eLearning space. Inactive students will display in red in the eLearning course rosters.
- Faculty members should use their accessBCC rosters, not their eLearning rosters, as their official course rosters for student verification purposes. Students enrolled in online courses must have actively participated in order to be marked as attending. See the Attendance Policy below for more information.
- Course spaces and all associated course data are removed approximately every 14 months. Notification of the removal schedule and timeline will be provided to faculty members via email and through eLearning system announcements. Faculty members are responsible for saving or backing up any course data (including course grades or attendance reports) that they wish to keep. and should contact the CITE lab with any questions or for assistance.
- Every 12 months inactive users will also be removed from the system. Inactive users in this context means users who have not logged onto eLearning during a 12 month period.
Bristol Community College annually reviews its eLearning policies to ensure compliance with state and federal regulations.
Attendance in the eLearning environment
"In a distance education context, documenting that a student has logged into an online class is not sufficient, by itself, to demonstrate academic attendance by the student. A school must demonstrate that a student participated in class or was otherwise engaged in an academically related activity, such as by contributing to an online discussion or initiating contact with a faculty member to ask a course-related question."
More information on what constitutes attendance in the online environment can be found in Volume 5, pages 59-60, of the Federal Student Aid Handbook.
Students should carefully review the course syllabus for specific course attendance and participation requirements.
Student Verification Policy
The Higher Education Opportunity Act (HEOA) requires that institutions offering distance education or correspondence courses or programs have processes in place to ensure that the student registering for a course is the same student who participates in the course or receives course credit. Examples of such methods include:
- A secure login and password;
- Proctored examinations; and
- New or other technologies; and
- Pedagogical and related practices that are effective in verifying student identity.
Secure Login and Password
The Bristol Community College eLearning system meets these requirements by requiring a secure login and password for each student. All students registering for a course through BCC's administrative system are assigned a unique username. Students are responsible for creating and maintaining their own secure password.
State Authorization for Distance and Online Programming
Recent amendments to the Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA) include changes in individual State Authorization regulations that impact online, distance learning, and correspondence education providers:
If an institution is offering postsecondary education through distance or correspondence education to students in a State in which it is not physically located or in which it is otherwise subject to State jurisdiction as determined by the State, the institution must meet any State requirements for it to be legally offering postsecondary distance or correspondence education in that State. An institution must be able to document to the Secretary the State's approval upon request. (Authority: 20 U.S.C. 1001 and 1002)
If you wish to enroll in one of our online offerings and are located outside of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, please inquire before enrolling to determine if we have acquired permission to offer online courses in your state. You may email your inquiry to firstname.lastname@example.com.
View data on BCC's out-of-state student population.
eLearning Complaint Resolution
BCC is required to provide current and prospective distance learning students with contact information for filing complaints. Students who desire to resolve a grievance should follow the College's Student Grievance Procedure.
If an issue cannot be resolved internally, you may file a complaint with your state. The Student Grievance Contact Information for Individual States as provided by The University of Arkansas at Little Rock, provides phone numbers, emails and/or links to state education agencies.


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Reading have called a press conference for this morning where they are expected to confirm Nigel Adkins as their new manager.
The Royals have been searching for a new boss since they sacked Brian McDermott two weeks ago, and former Southampton manager Adkins appears to be the man they have opted for.
The 48-year-old has been out of work since surprisingly losing his job with the Saints in January, with his sacking coming after back-to-back promotions.
Reports have linked him with replacing McDermott over previous days, though, and last night Reading confirmed they would be holding an unscheduled media conference at 9.15am.
Should Adkins be the man they unveil, Reading will become his third professional club, having started out with Scunthorpe in 2006.
He stepped up to the manager's chair after serving the Iron as physiotherapist for 10 years and twice got them promoted from League One to the Championship.
A number of candidates have been linked with the post - Brighton's Gus Poyet was heavily touted last week - while Eamonn Dolan has been looking after the team on a caretaker basis.
The new manager will inherit a side 19th in the Premier League and seven points shy of safety with eight games left.
Reading travel to Arsenal on Saturday before a home game against Southampton, Adkins' old side, on April 6.


text: Summertime and the living is easy. Whether lounging by the pool, soaking up the sun at the beach or grilling in the backyard, here at CRN, we found 25 more of the coolest tech gadgets to complete the summer. From patriotic iPhone cases for the Fourth of July to solar-powered portable speakers to a talking grilling meat thermometer, we've got you covered.


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Laurel and Hardy STAN LAUREL OLIVER HARDY signed 8"x10" STAX photo
One of the finest examples you will find anywhere ! Original STAX studio photo.
Wonderful investment potential, as quality, iconic, authentic autographs such as these,
will always be highly sought after !
Signed by :
Stan Laurel
Oliver Hardy
Comes with our own Devon Autographs COA, and Lifetime Authenticity Guarantee.
Devon Autographs - Jon Roberts [ UACC Registered Dealer #RD336 ]
Authenticated by Gary King [ UACC Registered Dealer / AFTAL ]


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Cocker Spaniel American I Live Here Too Sign
The "I Live Here Too" sign isCast in resin from an original hand-carved head study, hand-painted in your choice of breed-specific colors and mounted on the hand-routed wooden sign.
Dog Heads measure approx. 6 1/2" high (from paws to head) Hand-routed wooden sign measures 4" x 15" Includes protective coating. You may apply a coating of Krylon's Crystal Clear twice a year to keep the your sign looking new, especially for outdoor use. Made in the USA.
Custom made and non-returnable.
Custom made and non-returnable.


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Puff Mummy Sofa Petrol - Velour 2 Seater
Okay, this is one comfy, bouncy looking couch. What's better than a couch you can really sink your bottom into? Not much, we reckon.Product Information
Velour: 100% Polyester fabric, natural oak frame and legs. 160x91x85cm. Fabric swatch available upon request – email email@example.com
Arro Home is very excited to introduce furniture delivery!
Please read the terms before making your purchase.
Physical assistance may be required for delivery of items from truck to your home due to OH&S requirements. Couriers will be unable to carry items upstairs, we encourage customers to take this into consideration. At Arro Home, we want to you be 110% happy with your furniture purchase, so we are very pleased to announce a 14 day change of mind period. Please note that this does not apply to sale items. Items must be returned in the condition you received them, this includes packaging. Return shipping will be at your expense.
When will my items be delivered?
Depending on your items size, we will ship through Australia Post or our courier.
If you have a larger item, our courier will be in contact to arrange a dropoff time that is suitable for you, there's no need to stress about missing your delivery! (If your item is large, you will see a 'Get a Quote!' tab below.)
If your item is smaller, it will be shipped through registered Australia Post.
Do your products come flat packed?
Most of our items come flat packed, some assembly is required, minimal tools may be needed. All items come with a comprehensive assembly manual.
Do you offer warehouse pickups?
We do not offer warehouse pickups, due to OH&S.
What happens if my item is damaged or faulty?
Unfortunately, accidents happen. If your items are damanged in transit, we can offer you a full refund, as long as incidents are reported within 24 hours
How long will my order take to arrive?
After dispatch, items will take the below times to arrive at our courier's warehouse, from there you can book in a time suitable for you.
|1-2 Days
|VIC Country
|2-3 Days
|4-5 Days
|1-2 Days
|1-2 Days
|NSW Country
|3-4 Days
|2-3 Days
|QLD Country
|3-5 Days
|5-7 Days
Please note, at times of high volume, orders may be delayed - please add 1 day onto transit times.


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Wearing his hat like a left hander
OK, we can all relax now because word is Tim McCahvah is "primed" for the series with NY.
Thank your favorite beareded prophet for the small miracles.
But, hey, at least McCahvah pulled his head out of his ass long enough to admit that "Now the Yankees are looking up to the Red Sox."
Well, I'm sure that quote was taken out of context.
The full McCahvah treatment was probably more like this:
"Now the Yankees are looking up to the Red Sox. But with a team like the Yankees you've got to wonder how temporary this is? I mean a guy like Derek Jeter, like most of us, has 20 digits. Ten fingers. Ten toes. And while Red Sox fans don't want to hear it, Derek Jeter has some of the nicest toes to ever play the game."
Guess it'll be anothah Fox Saturday game with the TV sound off and the radio on.
Or we could leave it on and take a drink whenevah McCarvah says something stupid.
Are you kidding me? We'd be lit by the middle of the first.
True. By the time the game really got going we'd be as shit faced as my Uncle Murph was at my sistah Sheiler's wedding.
Is he still on probation?
Ah, we don't like to talk about it.


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Filter 1824 Delivery In Birkirkara
Tower Supermarket Complex LtdSliema, Malta | Supermarkets & Discount Stores
Sliema's best supermarket - butcher, bakery, fruits & veg, delicatessen, beauty products and household goods. Loyalty Card, Free Parking and Free Delivery.
A C Calleja Bros LtdValletta, Malta | Mattresses
If you wish to have a healthy sleep we can help you pick the right mattress. We have a selection of Vitafoam spring and non-spring mattresses of any size and shape. Visit us in San Gwann, Valletta or Marsa.
Titan International LtdMsida, Malta | Air Conditioners
Whether you need to cool your house or heating at your place of business we can help. With our vast experience and large range of top brands we can ensure the best quality and at prices and offers you will not find anywhere else.
Joem Auto Parts LtdSan Giljan, Malta ( +1 more locations ) | Auto Parts & Accessories
Haven't found that spare part for your car? Find over 60,000 car parts and accessories in stock at our Birkirkara or St Julians outlet - batteries, bearings, shock absorbers, lubricants and anything else for a top notch vehicle!
Martin Vassallo MoversNaxxar, Malta | Furniture Movers
We are the furniture movers to call when changing house or moving from abroad. We can pack, dismantle & assemble your furniture safely and with care. Our lifter reaches up to 20 storeys high( NO Electricity need ).. EMERGENCIES ARE WELCOME
Joseph Brincat Ltd (Wella Professional Malta)Sliema, Malta | Hair Care Products
Dry, damaged, thick or oily hair? Wella haircare products for professional hairdressers and private clients is the solution. A range of shampoos and conditioners, mousses, hairsprays and more! Call us to know more on other brands we also provide.
Styles Apertures LtdSan Gwann, Malta | PVC Apertures
Need aluminium apertures and fixtures? We at Style Apertures provide a variety of aluminium apertures and fixtures. We offer Tilt and Turn aperture, Sliding aperture, parallel apertures, Bottom Hung Windows,and more. Contact us.
The Catering CentreSan Pawl Il-Bahar, Malta ( +3 more locations ) | Catering Equipment
For a wide selection of highly professional and bespoke catering equipment, visit The Catering Centre in San Pawl il-Bahar. You can find a range of fryersm sinks, blenders, grills, grease traps, burners and hoods.
Eclipse House LtdHamrun, Malta | Marine Equipment & Supplies
We provide a myriad of services and stock items like marine supplies, bearings, industrial supplies, custom-made spring and more. You can find a vast range of items and under one roof and we guarantee great quality and reasonable prices.
S S Lifts LtdSan Pawl Il-Bahar, Malta | Lifts & Escalators
Dexter Furniture Movers & PackersAttard, Malta | Furniture Movers
Make use of our excellent customer care service for furniture moving & other goods like appliances, gypsum boards or more of any size & weight. We have a fleet of 7 trucks & 4 lifters & provide SAME DAY SERVICES! Call us now for a quote!
Clima755B'Kara, Malta | Air Conditioners
Are you in need of an air conditioner? We offer a wide range of air conditioners that provide you great living and working life at the right temperatures. You are welcome to come our store. Our products include Toyotomi and Galanz air conditioners.
TNS Furniture MoversB'Bugia, Malta ( +2 more locations ) | Furniture Movers
For professional furniture removals contact the moving experts. TNS Furniture Movers will help you with your move and supply things like boxes and bubble wrap that you might need. They offer free on site quotes and 24/7 service.
FGP LtdLuqa, Malta | Garage Doors, Shutters & Gates
Do you need security? We require garage door gates and shutters for our clients. We offer a good service to all of our clients. We care about all of our clients and offer them a good service. Contact us and we deliver.
Idea Natur 2000 Pet Shop MaltaSta Venera, Malta | Pet Shops
Looking for a pet shop with a vast range of equipment and supplies for all your pets? We import the top brands as we are fully dedicated to the wellbeing of your pets. Visit our online shop now and have your orders delivered to your doorstep. !


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In this page you will find all the answers today's puzzles for 7 Little Words.
Sometimes it is difficult to pick up with all the daily updates of Secen Little Words, so when you cannot find the answers to a certain day please make a search on the homepage.
Like the smallest piglet 7 little words
Answer: Runtish
Now just arrage the group of letters to match the answer.
Other puzzles for July 3 2018 7 little words
- Shared 7 Little Words
- White whale 7 Little Words
- Seward's was Alaska
- River flowing thru Philly
- pianist and conductor Andre
- Uses sense of touch
- Secondary vote
- Useless building 7 Little Words
- Polish striker Robert
- Like the smallest piglet
Related games:
If you liked Mystic Words, you will enjoy playing these other games:


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You have no items in your shopping cart.
+ Premium Fit
+ Chest and back graphic
+ 100% Cotton
Salty Crew will happily exchange or refund your item provided the item and its packaging is in its original condition with the original tag attached. Refunds and exchanges are not available on free promotional or sale items. Refunds and exchanges can be made 4 weeks from the date of purchase.


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Login below to access our online services for members, students and business partners.
Find out about our flexible, open-access entry routes and select which one is best for you.
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Fast track your studies with exemptions. Find out if you're eligible before you register with CIMA.
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Find all the CIMA approved resources you can purchase in The Study Shop. Filter by qualification, level, subject, or learning method to see relevant resources.
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All the most up to date resources for CIMA tutors, including teaching guides, syllabus information, pre-seen exam materials and much more.
The online student and tutor community is available 24/7. View free study resources, blogs and CIMA news.
The A to E of the future of finance is here to equip you with the skills you need to thrive in a rapidly disruptive world of finance.
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As a CGMA, you get access to a wide range of benefits and services - explore what's available to you and ensure you're making the most of your membership.
The CGMA designation recognises the most talented and committed management accountants with the discipline and skill to drive strong business performance.
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CIMA is committed to upholding the highest ethical and professional standards, and maintaining public confidence in management accounting.
CIMA members and students are required to comply with the CIMA Code of Ethics and to adopt the fundamental principles to their working lives.
The CIMA code of ethics is based on the IFAC handbook of the code of ethics for professional accountants, from the International Ethics Standards Board of Accountants (IESBA).
On the ethics resources page we provide a range of resources and guidance to support you in upholding the code. Alternatively see our ethics support guide to get an overview of all available resources. Get the latest responsible business updates from around the world in CIMA's newsletter Ethical Lens.
Members and students must avoid actions or situations which are inconsistent with their professional obligations. Should you have any concerns around the conduct of a CIMA member or student, contact professional conduct.
CIMA has updated the code of ethics in order to ensure that it remains relevant and reflects the changing dynamics and pressures of the profession. Visit the Code of Ethics page for the 2015 Code of Ethics and more guidance to the changes.
This animation explains to students and future CGMA designation holders the importance and value of the 2015 CIMA Code of Ethics and the Code of Ethics for CGMAs.
Watch the Ethics overview
These interactive e-tools can be used as part of studies or CPD. Try the student tool to learn about the Code and how ethical considerations may appear in exams. The CPD tool tests your ethical decision making in seven dilemmas.
Access the tools
Are you facing an ethical dilemma? CIMA recently released a set of new webcasts discussing common ethical dilemmas, such as pressures to overstate profits, and what to do when faced with one.
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Get the latest responsible business updates from around the world in CIMA's newsletter Ethical Lens.
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Ensure that you keep Ethics in focus with our series of blogs featuring research and ethical business news
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Would you know what to do when a situation arises that conflicts with the CIMA code of ethics? What decision process would you go through and what choices would you make?
This guide provides an overview of all the ethics support and resources that are available. It also includes suggestions on how to incorporate these resources in events and training activities, or use them individually to practice ethical decision making.
CIMA members and students worldwide have a responsibility to be fully aware of the implications of anti-corruption legislation in their market as well as the implications of laws with global reach such as the UK Bribery Act 2010 and the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA).
Access all CIMA webcasts on ethics and responsible business below:
Check out CIMA's extensive links for ethics and responsible business initiatives and organisations, global institutions, anti corruption and anti bribery
What would you do if you felt your professional ethics were being compromised? How do you uphold integrity and ethical conduct throughout your working life?
Do you have an ethical dilemma at work?
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Catch up on responsible business news with Ethical Lens, visit our dedicated blogspace Ethics in Focus, and read our many articles from Connected, Financial Magazine and beyond.


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After four years and 1.7 billion miles – including two swings around the sun – NASA's Dawn spacecraft is on final approach to Vesta, an object expected to provide an unprecedented glimpse into the early years of the solar system.
Dawn, with its futuristic ion-drive engine, is just over 100,000 miles from its target – closing in at the stately pace of about 260 miles an hour, relative to Vesta's orbital speed.
The craft is scheduled to take up its orbit July 16 and spend a year at Vesta. Then it heads for a year-long visit to Ceres, slated to begin in 2015, said Robert Mase, Dawn's project manager, during a final-approach briefing Thursday.
Both objects call the main asteroid belt home. The belt encircles the sun between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
Dawn is the first NASA mission designed to visit and orbit two objects with the same spacecraft.
As planetary scientists crafted their to-do list for a visit to Vesta, it became clear that "this tiny world has huge importance," says Carol Raymond, the mission's deputy lead scientist and a researcher at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. "Vesta is a window into the early origins of our solar system and the terrestrial planets."
In some ways, the notion of looking at asteroids and their tailed cousins, comets, as "windows on the early solar system" has become something of a cliché – an early hope that has been fulfilled in some cases, but not in others, as researchers have learned that some of these objects have been heavily altered by their billions of years orbiting the sun.
But researchers say they have strong reason to believe Vesta and its larger sibling, Ceres, will live up to their billing. Both represent objects that could have become planets in their own right, had Jupiter's rapid growth and quickly changing gravitational field not interfered.
Each represents an intriguing snapshot of planet formation taken at different stages of growth, holding clues to the processes that built planets – and stymied the formation of others – during the first 10 million years of the solar system's 4.6 billion-year history.
What is Vesta?
Vesta was discovered in 1807. Although its shape isn't uniform, the object averages about 329 miles across. It's the second most massive object in the main asteroid belt, after Ceres.
Ground-based and Hubble Space Telescope observations have uncovered what appears to be a vast crater some 290 miles across, near Vesta's south pole. The rim rises from 2.5 to 7.5 miles above the surrounding landscape, while the floor lies some 8 miles below the rest of the landscape and hosts a central peak that vaults 11 miles above the crater floor.
The impact is thought to have spawned a family of asteroids known as V-type asteroids, as well as untold numbers of meteoroids, many of which have landed on Earth.
Indeed, one in every 20 meteorites that scientists find come from Vesta, says Christopher Russell, a planetary scientist with the University of California at Los Angeles and the leader of the international team of researchers behind the mission.
Analyses of these meteorites have led researchers to conclude that Vesta formed about the same time Jupiter did. Jupiter is widely thought to be the first planet that grew from the disk of dust and gas that surrounded the early sun.
The composition of those Vesta meteorites also suggests that at the time its development was arrested, Vesta already had started to experience enough heating from its interior – and from impacts by other objects – to begin the process of separating dense materials from lighter materials. Like the iron in Earth's core, the heavier, denser materials gravitated toward Vesta's center, while lighter ones rose toward the surface.
That geophysical separation of materials within Vesta has prompted many scientists to promote it from asteroid to protoplanet.
What paused Vesta's development before it could mature from protoplanet to planet? One leading suspect is Jupiter, whose relatively rapid growth and gravitational influence on the neighborhood triggered a bumper-car-like free-for-all in the asteroid belt.
"It would have grown into a planet had it been allowed to continue," Dr. Russell says.
These are among the processes scientists hope to confirm once Dawn arrives next month.
Dawn's next destination: Ceres, queen of the asteroid belt
Ceres, by contrast, is now considered a dwarf planet, a step up in rank from a protoplanet.
Ceres is some 600 miles across and accounts for roughly a third of the mass of all the objects in the main asteroid belt. And unlike Vesta, Ceres is spherical.
Ceres, too, appears to have undergone partitioning of its interior by the density of the materials it contains. Like most of the moons orbiting the gas giants, Ceres is thought to have a rocky core covered by an icy mantle – and, like Saturn's moon Enceladus, may host a mini sea under the ice.
With Vesta and Ceres nothing more than fuzzy blobs from our best telescopes, it's little wonder planetary scientists are eager to visit these objects via an orbiting spacecraft. What they think they know now about these two objects is built on models and out-of-focus images.
Dawn is giving scientists "an unprecedented opportunity to spend a year at a body we really know nothing about," Dr. Raymond says.


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3.93 Acre Lot | Highland Lakes
Eastman, GA 31012
Dodge County, Georgia
Land Description
Highland Lakes | Dodge County's premiere subdivision. Beautiful upscale estate lot community near Eastman featuring two lakes. Now selling Phase 1. Lake front lots; private roads; recreational opportunities. Beautiful setting!

This community has a restrictive covenants and an architectual control committee in addition to a Homeowners Association. Each buyer will be assessed a one time initiation fee upon the closing of a lot purchase. Each lot owner of record will pay annual dues into the Highland Lakes Homeowners Association on July 1st of each year.