text:
2017 Polaris Industries GENERAL 1000 EPS DELUXE
735 Miles
In Stock
Huff Power Sports
Stock #
Polaris Industries
Polaris GENERAL™ 1000 EPS Deluxe Titanium Matte Metallic
Key Features
- Class-Best 100 HP to light up the trail and broad, usable torque band to work
- All-new cabin with sporty bucket seats and easy in and out cab access
- Class-leading suspension, ground clearance for the trail and to-do list
Power Features
- The Most Power In Its Class: Pumping out 100 horsepower The Polaris GENERAL is the most powerful Rec Utility ever produced. The Polaris GENERAL has a class best 0-40 mph … 18% more horsepower than Commander so you can light up the trails.
- Torque For The Toughest Jobs: This off-road oriented 999 cc twin delivers broad max torque throughout its rpm range - 65 ft. lbs. of torque to haul, pull, and power through the biggest jobs.
- Capacity To Dominate: Loaded down with gear for an extreme camping trip or ready to handle the toughest jobs, The Polaris GENERAL's 1,100 lbs. total payload is up to the task. With the standard 2" receiver, The Polaris GENERAL's 1,500 lbs. towing capacity - aided with standard engine braking - is ready to tackle whatever your day demands.
- High-Performance Close Ratio AWD: With the industry's fastest engaging high-performance AWD, The Polaris GENERAL™ is ready to attack demanding trails and the harshest fields. All four wheels engage near instantly when your vehicle needs more forward traction and reverts back to 2WD when it doesn't, no need to wait for pressure to build up or to stop and lock in a diff like our competitors. NEW! The VersaTrac Turf Mode switch unlocks the rear differential for easier, tighter turns that won't tear up your lawn.
Suspension Features
- Suspension For Work And Play: You get it ALL with The Polaris GENERAL. With class-exclusive sway bars front and rear, it stays planted and composed on the trail. The tuned suspension geometry featuring dual rate springs maintains 62% of its ground clearance when fully loaded down -- 1.3 inches higher than Commander.
- Best In Class Travel And Ground Clearance: No other machine gives you the suspension travel and 12 inches of ground clearance advantage like The Polaris GENERAL. With 12.25" of front and 13.2" of rear suspension travel, The Polaris GENERAL is ready to clear whatever the trail or work site throws at it.
Exterior Features
- Dumping Cargo Bed: Get the job done right and bring enough gear for your adventure with the capacity to carry 600 lbs. in the deep cargo bed. Polaris GENERAL features convenient one latch tailgate opening on the dumping cargo bed as well as Lock&Ride integration for a variety of specially made accessories to get work done faster and get back to riding.
- Integrated Half Doors: Stay protected from weather and trail debris with standard half doors. They're built with automotive style latches and great sealing to perform as flawlessly as the rest of the machine. They also swing open wide to make it easy to get in and out of Polaris GENERAL all day.
- Standard Deluxe Edition Features: The Polaris GENERAL's Deluxe Edition comes standard with a poly sport roof, Polaris HD 4500 lb. winch and low profile front bumper to help you dominate the trail and take on the work when you get home.
Interior Features
- All-New Cockpit: The Polaris GENERAL's all-new cockpit was designed for the ultimate balance of work and play attitude. From the redesigned premium bucket seats that lock you in off-road, to the customizable instrumentation and easy cab access, the Polaris GENERAL is the new standard in all-day comfort.
- Secure, Comfortable Bucket Seats: Polaris GENERAL comes with all-new seats designed to keep you comfortable no matter where the ride takes you, from ripping trails to a day cutting wood. A wide seat base and supportive bolstering gives a secure cockpit to driver and rider and with standard cut and sewn seats. Driver seat comes standard with a seat slider to dial in operator ergonomics.
- 23L Of Integrated Storage: Keep work and play essentials close at hand with a combination of in-dash storage and a class-best center console featuring a 12V outlet and 5.8L storage.
- Brand New Customizable Instrumentation: The all-new digital instrumentation cluster moves with the tilt adjustable steering wheel for maximum visibility. The combination of digital and analog gauge indicates vehicle speed, engine RPMs and standard trip information. The center digital gauge can be set up to just the way you want it, and even features an auto adjusting backlight that can switch from red to blue.
Customization Features
- Premium Cab Comfort: The Polaris® Lock&Ride® Pro Fit cab design allows you to battle it all in comfort and keep the elements out. Whether you're on the trail or getting some work done, our premium cab component accessories provide you with class leading comfort. Plus, with Lock&Ride® technology you can tailor your cab system to your needs in seconds. Shop our Polaris GENERAL accessories now.
- Customizable Versaility: Whether you're tackling the toughest trails or battling the harshest conditions, Polaris Engineered™ Accessories provide you with the most critical protection accessories you will need for the Polaris GENERAL™. From bumpers to A-arm guards and roofs to rock sliders, Polaris has engineered these accessories to keep your machine protected from whatever you encounter. With our Expanded Anchor Mount and Polaris® Lock&Ride® technologies, you can add components quickly without damage to your frame, all in less than 5 minutes. Find the right accessories for your needs now.
- Keep It Ice Cold: Polaris Northstar® coolers survive just about anything - from extreme heat to a full-on bear attack. Ice will stay cold for hours on end, and anything inside will stay locked up tight.
Engine & Drivetrain
- Cooling: Liquid
- Drive System Type: On-Demand True AWD/2WD/ VersaTrac Turf Mode
- Engine Braking System (EBS): EBS Standard
- Fuel System: Electronic Fuel Injection
- Transmission/Final Drive: Automatic PVT P/R/N/L/H;
- Cylinders-Displacement (cc): 999cc
- Engine Type: 4-Stroke Twin Cylinder
- Front Suspension: Dual A-Arm 12.25" (31.1 cm) Travel
- Rear Suspension: Dual A-Arm, IRS 13.2" (33.5 cm) Travel
- Front/Rear Brakes: 4-Wheel Hydraulic Disc with Dual-Bore Front Calipers
- Parking Brake: Park In-Transmission
Tires / Wheels
- Front Tires: 27 x 9-14; Maxxis Coronado
- Rear Tires: 27 x 11-14; Maxxis Coronado
- Wheels: Cast Aluminum
- Bed Box Dimensions (L x W x H): 27.5 x 43.1 x 11.6 in. (69.8 x 109 x 29.5 cm)
- Front/Rear Rack or Box Capacity: N.A./600 lb (272 kg)
- Fuel Capacity (Litres): 9.5 gal (35.9 L)
- Ground Clearance: 12 in. (30.5 cm)
- Overall Vehicle Size (L x W x H): 118.2 x 62.5 x 75 in. (300 x 158.7 x 190.5 cm)
- Payload Capacity: 1,100 lb (500 kg)
- Person Capacity: 2
- Wheelbase: 81 in. (206 cm)
- Estimated Dry Weight (pounds/kg): 1,544 lb (700 kg)
- Adjustable Driver Seat: Standard
- Cargo System: Lock & Ride
- Color / Graphics: Titanium Matte Metallic
- Electronic Power Steering: Standard
- Hitch Towing Rating: 1,500 lb
- Hitch Type: Standard/2" Receiver
- Instrumentation: Digital Gauge, Speedometer, Odometer, Tachometer, Tripmeter, Clock, Hour Meter, Gear Indicator, Fuel Gauge, Hi-Temp, Coolant Temperature, Voltmeter, Service Indicator, Seat Belt Reminder, User selectable Blue/Red backlighting, Gear Indicator, DC Outlet
- Lighting: 55W Low/60W High, LED Tail
- Tilt Steering: Standard
- Unbraked Trailer Towing Capacity: N.A.
NOTES:Polaris offroad vehicles can be hazardous to operate and are not intended for on-road use. Driver must be at least 16 years old with a valid driver's license to operate. Passengers, if permitted, must be at least 12 years old. All riders should always wear helmets, eye protection, and protective clothing. Always use seat belts and cab nets or doors (as equipped). Never engage in stunt driving, and avoid excessive speeds and sharp turns. Riding and alcohol / drugs don't mix. All riders should take a safety training course. Call 800-342-3764 for additional information. Check local laws before riding on trails. ©2016 Polaris Industries Inc.
- Engine Type
- 4-Stroke Twin Cylinder
- Displacement
- 999cc
- Cooling
- Liquid
- Fuel System
- Electronic Fuel Injection
- Front Suspension
- Dual A-Arm 12.25" (31.1 cm) Travel
- Front Brakes
- 4-Wheel Hydraulic Disc with Dual-Bore Front Calipers
- Front Tire
- 27 x 9-14; Maxxis Coronado
- Rear Suspension
- Dual A-Arm, IRS 13.2" (33.5 cm) Travel
- Rear Brakes
- 4-Wheel Hydraulic Disc with Dual-Bore Front Calipers
- Rear Tire
- 27 x 11-14; Maxxis Coronado
- Dry Weight
- 1,544 lb (700 kg)
- Wheelbase
- 81 in. (206 cm)
- Ground Clearance
- 12 in. (30.5 cm)
- Fuel Capacity
- 9.5 gal (35.9 L)
- Rack Capacity
- 600 lb (272 kg)
- Towing Capacity
- 1,500 lb
- Transmission
- Automatic PVT P/R/N/L/H;
- Drive System
- On-Demand True AWD/2WD/ VersaTrac Turf Mode
- Colors
- Titanium Matte Metallic


text:
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Kentucky Press News Service
The Storm Prediction Center has upgraded from moderate to high most of Kentucky's chance of seeing severe weather this afternoon.
According to the National Weather Service office in Louisville, thunderstorms that develop this afternoon will become severe. Tornadoes, damaging winds and large hail are possible. A few tornadoes could be strong and stay on the ground for long paths.
Severe weather could develop anywhere but the greatest threat will be east of Interstate 65 and south of the Blue Grass Parkway, NWS says.
The worst storms could appear between about 4 and 7 p.m. EST, the weather service said.
Light snow showers are possible early Sunday morning and again Sunday night and early Monday. This would likely be north of the I-64 corridor, NWS said. No accumulations are expected.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Watch My Videos: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RPYJxzDf1Gw
Watch My Videos: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RPYJxzDf1Gw
Good job man. The only thing I saw was that your hands were out of the shot too much and it looked suspicios because they were out for around 1-2 seconds. Plus I got bored after the first change.
ya dude is thats on cable tv.... thenn they dont expect much...
Cus that was terrible quaility... the trick wasnt that great.... it was you doing a color change on a rug.. big deal....
I mean cmon seriouslly...
ebracelet http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kFg0ows1zH4
Hmmm...this is not the first time I have seen this problem it seems as if everytime I see this sleight on a video this happens. On your second sleight, the Marlo. You put way too much emphasis on a part that should not be emphasized. Try to make it look more natural.
Bryan Drake
Truth changed my life.
That was a bad Marlo Miracle Card Change .. make it slower!
Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication. - Leonardo da Vinci
........ saw alot of your feet...and not enough magic
"The Ellusionist"
Hmmm...seems a little unimaginative Kamran. And I'm not sure but you may have some trouble with (E)'s registered trademark if it's going to run televised.
Anyway back to the magic stuff. Please don't take this badly but I really expected much more from someone who calls himself a film maker. The angle was way too low and it was too dark!
As for the change, I thought that by using bridge cards the change would have been smoother.
So this is how you get $6,000 (or was it 3,000?) with magic?
. . . . . . . hmmmmmm
Do it faster, get a better angle, and. . . well. . .. (sigh
-Nate River
If you want my pass lectures, they're in the Ninja Forums.
PM me only if you are desperate.
Oh this is the guy that bought loads of magic off Ellusionist isn't it..like practically everything the site sells ?
Anyway, yeah..I don't know what to look for so I can't comment on how well it was done, but I like the effect.
thanks alot for your comments. This clip was copied from cable tv before they were running my street show. They gave me good offer $1,650 performing each effect, so i made a deal with the channel. International Tour (In 4 Countries) performing street magic. Ellusionist have been really supportive and truely helped him in every way. The version of the video will be released soon on the net. There are many new editions to my collection including Indecent, Monster Box, Kaos and many more plus soon the complete gear set by ellusionist & Aliun Levitation. For some people it work out differently, in my case i bought alot of stuff almost everything the Ellusionist had to offer on there website till now and out of those effects i combine few of them in a routine and in few effects i made some changes according to people's reaction and it worked. It may not work for other people. Basically when i'm doing the effects in public regardless of the video quality or angles are bad or the performance is slow or poor, as long i and the spectator enjoys it that what really matters.
Why E's Trademark is not been used ?
Well few reasons.
1. I paid for all the products. they are not been sponsored by E.
2. Alot of cable companies don't allow any companies logo to be advertize on Tv for free.
3. Once you pay for the product then you don't have to show any logo.
Last edited by kamrankhan; 12-24-2006 at 08:05 PM.
Watch My Videos: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RPYJxzDf1Gw
Last edited by :.:Kryptonite:.:; 12-24-2006 at 08:08 PM.
"Me fail english?...That's unpossible." - Ralph Wiggum
OK...You are calling your program "The Ellusionist", correct?
If you are, then I'm not sure but I think that Christian and Bayme need to approve it.
I may be wrong but it does seem to cross some copyright infringements.
Anyway good luck,
I don't think any of you guys understood my comment either.
First of all. i know about the Aliun Levitation is not released yet, infact alot of changes have been made to that effect and i'm waiting till it's ready. If you read the above statement it says coming soon to my collection not have in my collection.
Second: The title " The Ellusionist " is not the name of the program. The title was given by me on this video for the Ellusionst Users.
Watch My Videos: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RPYJxzDf1Gw
At Ellusionist, we have one goal: to give you the power to perform magic beyond belief. We want to make you the life of any party. We want to make you into a performer. Composed of 12 individuals, we barely sleep, and we will do anything necessary to bring you the best magic, the best talent, the best training and playing cards possible.
We manufacture many of our own magic supplies, tricks, effects, and custom playing cards. We strive to create the very best magical products the world has ever seen. We work with the United States Playing Card co and have produced 14 lines of playing card decks that are repeatedly acclaimed by top industry pros and magic enthusiasts all over the world.
© 2001-2014 Ellusionist.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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Copyright © 2019 vBulletin Solutions, Inc. All rights reserved.


text:
Editor's note: Conservancy Senior Marine Scientist Alison Green is on an expedition to the Raja Ampat islands in Indonesia — amidst some of the most spectacular and biodiverse coral reef ecosystems in the world. Catch up on all her posts from the expedition.
When Dr. Seuss wrote the iconic children's book in the 1960s of the above title, the art of coral reef ecology was just developing, and he could not have imagined that counting fish would become such a serious endeavor for science and conservation.
Fifty years later, we have well-established protocols for counting reef fishes, particularly those that occur at safe SCUBA diving depths, and are conspicuous because of their size, coloration and behavior.
How do we do it? Well there are several ways, but I prefer to use underwater visual census methods. This involves divers swimming along the reef slope at a fixed depth (usually 10m) counting and estimating the size of all reef fishes they see within a standard area (e.g. five 50m-long x 5m-wide transects), where the length and width of the transects depends on the species they are counting. (Big fish need bigger transects.)
But it isn't as easy as it sounds. First of all, you have to know all the species you are counting, and here in the global center of marine diversity that includes 42 families and over 750 species! Just to make things interesting, most species have two or three totally different color phases (e.g. juveniles, adult males and adult females). So we have to learn literally thousands of color patterns before we can start counting fish.
And of course they don't all just sit still waiting for us to count them. Imagine swimming through a cloud of brightly colored fishes of all shapes and sizes, all swirling around you, and trying to count them! It isn't easy, but it can be done. It just takes a lot of training and experience.
Purwanto Irawan counting fish in SE Misool. (Photo: Andreas Muljadi)
And that's one of the reasons I'm here in Raja Ampat — to help train our local monitoring team in methods for monitoring coral reef fishes. Fortunately they are a very experienced team, so we actually training each other. I'm teaching them some new methods, and they are teaching me the local species. Oh, happy days!
-- Text by Alison Green, Cool Green Science Blog


text:
An Out-of-Pocket expense occurs when you use your personal funds as a result of a retirement coverage error. Please refer to the Out-Of-Pocket Guidelines for information concerning the expenses you may claim and reimbursement of those expenses.
As part of FERCCA, you will be receiving a decision package and financial counseling on your decision options. You may submit your expenses before the package arrives or after. While there is no deadline for filing a claim, we are asking that you file your claims within 30 days upon completion of financial counseling to help expedite claims processing.
Public Law 106-265, the "Federal Erroneous Retirement Coverage Corrections Act (FERCCA)," was enacted to relieve problems that had resulted from employees being placed in the wrong retirement system. Generally, the law gave certain employees who had been placed in the wrong retirement system the option of either remaining in that system or transferring to the retirement system in which they should have been participating. This approach allows employees to receive the retirement benefit they had expected to receive.
However, a small number of employees received some form of settlement payments from their agencies in compensation for the error and are barred from having an election unless the settlement payment is repaid or waived by OPM. Congress also recognized that merely correcting the retirement coverage error might not wholly compensate some of the affected employees for all the expenses arising from a coverage error. Therefore, section 2208 of FERCCA permits the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) to waive payments due from eligible employees or to reimburse eligible employees for out-of-pocket expenses incurred as a result of the retirement coverage error, or the correction of a retirement coverage error.
To be eligible to receive a waiver or reimbursement of an expense, you must first have had a qualifying retirement coverage error. This means you must have been erroneously placed in the wrong retirement system, either CSRS, CSRS Offset, FERS, or Social Security only, when you should have been in one of the other three. This erroneous retirement coverage must have:
To be eligible for waiver, the obligation for payment must have been created by the correction of the retirement coverage error, or be a condition for correction of the coverage error. Also, the payment of the obligation must not be a candidate for reimbursement as an out-of-pocket expense.
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In some instances, a coverage error may change the nature of past service for which no retirement deductions were withheld from FERS service to CSRS service. The amount of the deposit due (principal and interest) to purchase credit for the non-deduction service subsequently increases. However, the value of the lifetime benefit payable under CSRS at retirement also increases significantly. Further, Congress provided that payment for the increased deposit could be made by actuarial reduction from your future annuity.
OPM may waive the additional interest you owe for a civilian or military deposit following correction of the coverage error if you demonstrate that the higher annuity benefit and the fact that you had use of the deposit monies during the error period do not fully compensate you for the error.
You may, as a result of litigation over a retirement coverage error, have received a settlement payment or court-ordered payment for losses you sustained because of the retirement coverage error. Generally, you must repay that amount before you can benefit from the correction of a retirement coverage error under FERCCA. However, you may request that OPM waive collection of all or part of the settlement payment or court-ordered payment. To be entitled to waiver, you must demonstrate why the waiver is necessary to fully compensate you for your losses.
NOTE: Out-of-pocket expenses that are reimbursable under Section 2208 of FERCCA cannot be offset from the amount of a settlement or court ordered payment that must be repaid under FERCCA. Instead, you must apply separately for reimbursement of those expenses under the OPM's OUT-OF-POCKET EXPENSES instructions.
You do not need to file a form. All you need to do is send OPM a signed letter. This letter should contain, or have attached, specific information that OPM needs before it can act on your request. The information OPM needs is:
Send your request for waiver to:
OPM-ROC Attn: FERCCA TeamPO BOX 45Boyers, PA 16017
OPM will base its decision on only the written record, including all of your submissions and other documentation in OPM's possession.
At OPM's discretion, OPM may request your latest employing agency, or a previous employing agency, if the qualifying retirement coverage error did not occur at your latest employing agency, to provide an administrative report. The report may include:
The law provides that OPM's decision will be the final decision. It will not be subject to appeal, or any other kind of administrative or judicial review.
Not all out-of-pocket expenses are reimbursable. To be reimbursable, an out-of-pocket expense must be directly caused by the retirement coverage error, or its correction. Certain expenses that are a direct result of the correction of a retirement coverage error, such as additional retirement deductions, are clearly caused by the retirement coverage error. However, when the out-of-pocket expense was not solely caused by the retirement coverage error, but also involved the employee's reaction to the retirement coverage error, then the causal connection is not so clear.
In a case where the out-of-pocket expense is a result of the employee's reaction to the retirement coverage error, OPM must determine whether the employee's reaction, under the circumstances, was reasonable. An employee's reaction is reasonable when it is not taken rashly, but only after some thought, and on its face can be expected to mitigate a problem caused by the retirement coverage error, and when no less expensive action could have easily been identified to have the same consequence.
In reaction to the retirement coverage error, the employee should have considered the long term effect on his or her retirement interests. In trying to correct one problem caused by the retirement coverage, the employee should not have created a greater problem. Therefore, as a general rule, a reasonable reaction is also one that is not contrary to the employee's long term retirement interests.
Expenses that are not directly caused by the retirement coverage error cannot be reimbursed, even though they occurred close in time to the retirement coverage error, or its correction. This is because the expense was either not caused by the retirement coverage error, or the retirement coverage was not the primary cause of the expense. In the latter case, while the retirement coverage error may have had some relationship to the expense, it was not the most significant or controlling factor.
FERCCA specifically prohibits payment of losses related to foregone contributions and earnings under the Thrift Savings Plan (TSP). This would include, by inference, expenses incurred in connection with a non-governmental retirement investment program, meant to compensate for foregone TSP contributions and earnings, and expenses incurred in the liquidation of property or other investments to fund makeup contributions to the TSP.
Set out below are examples of the kinds of out-of-pocket expenses that may be reimbursed and may not be reimbursed. These examples do not exclude consideration of any kind of expense that is not listed. However, any claim for another kind of expense is expected to provide a persuasive rationale, consistent with the guidelines above, that the expense was reasonable.
OPM will reimburse you for FICA tax (social security deductions) on pay items which were not subject to CSRS deductions, such as overtime and awards, if you were erroneously covered by CSRS, and which, as a result of the correction of the retirement coverage error, are subject to retroactive FICA tax.
OPM will reimburse you for CSRS Offset or CSRS retirement deductions you were required to pay because your employer corrected a retirement coverage error. This will generally involve only retirement coverage errors that were corrected before FERCCA became effective. Your employer is required to pay any additional retirement deductions resulting from a retirement coverage error that is corrected under FERCCA.
OPM may reimburse you for the additional interest you paid for a civilian or military deposit following correction of the coverage error. This is if you demonstrate that the higher annuity benefit and the fact that you had use of the deposit monies during the error period does not fully compensate you for losses resulting from the error.
OPM will reimburse you for reasonable financial planning fees incurred because a retirement coverage error, or the correction of a retirement coverage error, resulted in a need to adjust your household budget and/or long term retirement planning. OPM's reimbursement will be limited to the amount normally paid for these services.
EXAMPLE: You should have been placed under FERS when you came to work, but were placed under CSRS instead. Later, your retirement coverage is corrected to FERS. In order to take full advantage of FERS, you want to pay makeup contributions to the TSP through payroll deduction. Before you can do that, however, you need to reduce the amount you spend monthly on other items. To accomplish this, you consult a financial management specialist on how to consolidate debt and/or set up a household budget. OPM will reimburse you for fees you pay for this service.
Before OPM can reimburse an expense, there must be an actual, out-of-pocket loss on your part. When a retirement coverage error is corrected, funds may be transferred from one Government account to another. However, unless you have to pay out additional funds, there is no out-of-pocket expense.
EXAMPLE: A common situation involves retirement and social security deductions. If you were under CSRS you would pay 7 percent of your base pay in retirement contributions, while if you were under CSRS Offset you would pay 6.2 percent of your pay in social security deductions and .8 percent in retirement deductions, up to the social security maximum. For pay in excess of the social security maximum, you would pay 7 percent retirement deductions. You would pay the same total amount in retirement and social security deductions whether you were under CSRS or CSRS Offset. Consequently, if your CSRS retirement coverage is erroneous, and you are changed to CSRS Offset, the Government will move some of the money from the retirement deduction account to the social security deduction account. This is done at no additional expense to you, so there is no expense to be reimbursed. This is true whether your CSRS deductions are adjusted for FICA by your payroll office while you are an employee, or by OPM after you separate. The fact that you expected to receive a full refund of your CSRS retirement deductions when you separated does not convert this offset to an out-of-pocket loss. Further, you will receive full Social Security credit for all years covered by the error.
While OPM may reimburse you for expenses caused by a retirement coverage error, it will not reimburse you for expenses you incurred in paying the initial expense. That is because these other expenses are not directly caused by the retirement coverage error.
EXAMPLES: If you paid a reimbursable expense with a credit card, OPM will not reimburse you for credit card interest. If you sell property to raise funds to pay your attorneys' fees, OPM will not reimburse you for commissions you paid and other expenses incurred in the sale of the property. If you obtain a debt consolidation loan as a consequence of financial counseling, OPM may reimburse you for the financial counseling fee, but it will not reimburse you for the loan origination fee.
You may have made a decision in regard to your retirement, or another benefit or investment program based on inadequate information that resulted in an unwanted expense. That expense cannot be reimbursed unless you can demonstrate that, despite due diligence, you were unable to obtain accurate retirement information from an appropriate source.
Attorneys' fees, and other costs related to administrative and judicial action you incurred to correct or mitigate the adverse effects of the retirement coverage error may be reimbursed by OPM. This includes not only the actual attorneys' fees but also court costs, expert witness fees, and other litigation expenses. If the attorney bills separately for clerical or office expenses, those amounts would also be reimbursable.
Litigation not necessary
Attorney fees incurred by you in an attempt to correct a retirement coverage error are reimbursable even if you did not go to court.
EXAMPLE: You believe that your agency has placed you in the wrong retirement system. You consult an attorney to see what can be done to correct the matter. The attorney researches the law, believes that you are correct, and writes a letter to your employeer demanding that your retirement coverage be changed. Your employer denies the request. The attorney advises you that he will need a $10,000.00 retainer before he can take the matter to court. Because you are unable or unwilling to pay the retainer, you drop the matter. Nevertheless, the amounts you paid the attorney for the initial consultation, to do the research, and write the letter to the agency are reimbursable by OPM.
If your legal efforts to correct your retirement coverage error did involve litigation, it is not necessary for you to have won in court for OPM to reimburse you for your attorneys' fees and other litigation expenses.
EXAMPLE: Your employer erroneously places you under CSRS instead of CSRS Offset. Four years later they make a retroactive correction. You ask OPM to refund your excess CSRS deductions, but it refuses. You appeal OPM's decision, but ultimately the court rules in OPM's favor. The attorneys' fees you incurred throughout the process may be reimbursed by OPM, even though you did not ultimately win.
As required by the general guidelines outlined elsewhere in these instructions, reimbursable attorneys' fees and other litigation expenses must be reasonable. In determining whether the expenses are reasonable and necessary, OPM will consider the following factors:
In making this determination, it will be necessary for OPM to review the attorney's itemized billing records. (See the section entitled Proving Your Case for further information.)
OPM will not pay for legal services that have already been reimbursed by another source, such as an attorneys' fees award by a court or agency, or legal insurance. However, if you only received partial reimbursement from an attorneys' fees award or legal insurance, OPM will consider reimbursing you for the remaining amount.
A model letter is provided for your convenience. Use of the model letter will assure that OPM has all the information it needs to process your request.
Send your request for reimbursement to:
You bear the burden of proof. If you wish to be reimbursed for expenses, you must show in a clear and convincing manner that the expenses you claimed actually occurred, are reasonable, and that they were directly caused by the retirement coverage error. The following paragraphs describe the minimum kind and amount of evidence that must be submitted before OPM may consider allowing your request.
Proof of Payment
Proof that the expense in question has been paid must accompany any claim for reimbursement of expenses. This proof can take many forms. If it is an expense that you paid directly out of your own funds, the proof could be cancelled checks, receipts, credit card statements, and any other documents which show that you paid the bill(s). If the amount in question was paid by payroll deduction, payroll statements showing the amount that was deducted would be appropriate.
Attorneys' fees and other litigation expenses
The following documents should be submitted with a request for payment:
When claiming reimbursement for FICA tax charged on items that were not subject to CSRS deductions, or CSRS-Offset or FERS retirement deductions that were not withheld because of the retirement coverage error, but paid later, you should submit a copy of the letter from the agency demanding payment and proof of payment.
If you request reimbursement of financial planning fees, you should submit a statement that explains why the financial planning was necessitated by a retirement coverage error or the correction of a retirement coverage error, and a copy of the bill you received from the person or organization that provided the service.
The following documents should accompany a request for reimbursement of additional interest on a deposit for military service:
In addition, you must explain why coverage under CSRS or CSRS Offset does not make you financially whole.
To be reimbursed for expenses other than those enumerated above, you must submit a bill or other document you received at the time of the expense which states the amount of the expense and why it occurred, and a detailed explanation of why you believe that this expense was directly caused by the retirement coverage error.
Agency report


text:
I forgot how I last time started postgres (it was months ago) and I don't remember where the data directory is located at. The postgres command seems to require to location. I'm on MacOsX if that helps.
/usr/local/postgres did not exists.
Using the answers provided below, I found that it was here


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Awards and Scholarships
Computer Science Department Award
The Computer Science Department Award is given to a senior Computer Science major for high academic achievement. This involves a monetary award as well as a certificate from the Computer Science Department commemorating the achievement.
Computer Science Alumni Award
The Computer Science Alumni Award is given to a junior Computer Science major for high achievement in the department. This award involves a monetary award as well as the presentation of a certificate commemorating the achievement.
Outstanding Student Award
Each year Computer Science faculty members nominate and select students they feel are outstanding in their class: Outstanding Freshman, Sophomore, Junior and Senior. The winners are recognized at the awards ceremony held at the end of the academic year.
The Dr. Nancy Wahl Scholarship has been created through the generosity of Drs. Nancy and Robert Wahl. Scholarships will be awarded to computer science students based on academic achievement and need. Please refer to the Scholarships Website for details and to apply. Female students are especially encouraged to apply.
A scholarship has been created in honor of Dr. Paul Hutcheson, Professor Emeritus, Computer Science. The scholarship is awarded annually to an outstanding graduate student.
The Mack Thweatt Scholarship has been created in honor of Professor Emeritus Dr. Mack Thweatt. To be eligible for consideration for this scholarship, a student must be a Tennessee resident, enrolled as a full-time student, be a Computer Science major, and have at least a 3.0 GPA. Please refer to the Scholarships Website for details and to apply.
A scholarship has been created in honor of Mr. Homer Brown, Professor Emeritus, Computer Science. This scholarship is awarded to an outstanding Computer Science major who has completed CSCI/MATH 3180.
Dr. Richard Detmer, Professor Emeritus, has endowed a scholarship to be awarded annually on the basis of academic excellence, to a Computer Science major who is a sophomore or junior and who has completed at least 10 hours of computer science courses at MTSU.
Lab Assistants
Lab Assistants are needed in the department to provide help to students in the Computer Science lab and to maintain the operations of the lab, KOM 351. Any student interested in becoming a lab worker should fill out an application for Spring and Fall or Summer and put it in the Lab Manager's mailbox in the Computer Science department office in KOM 306. Part-time employment in the lab provides worthwhile experience and the opportunity to meet one's peers in a congenial setting.
Graduate Teaching Assistantships
The Department of Computer Science has a limited number of graduate assistantships, mostly with teaching duties. Application forms may be obtained from the graduate office. An individual is expected to be in good standing, i.e., having met the requirements for admission to graduate school including successful test scores and having a cumulative GPA of 3.00 or more. Graduate assistants receive a stipend and the University pays tuition for each semester that the assistantship is held. Full-time graduate assistants are expected to spend 20 hours a week fulfilling their duties to the University.


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Get Mouse Control Back In Windows Virtual PC On Windows 7
This is really easy to do but it will be different for Windows OS's configured in Windows Virtual PC and Linux/Unix OS's configured in Windows Virtual PC. For instance Windows XP Mode run from Windows Virtual PC will allow you to easily move the mouse between your desktop and the Windows XP Mode Virtual PC without skipping a beat. When you try to do the same thing within a Linux Windows Virtual PC or a Unix Windows Virtual PC this will not be the case because the Windows Virtual PC integration features are not available to anything but Windows Operating Systems at this time. Below are the instructions for breaking your mouse out of the Linux or Unix Windows Virtual PC.


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Rescue at Delaware Bay - Roadside Stories
A Manatū Taonga audio guide to Delaware Bay
Check out the Ministry for Culture and Heritage's audio guide to Delaware Bay in the Video tab.
In 1863 Hūria Mātenga became a national heroine after she swam into treacherous seas to save those on board the Delaware, wrecked off the coast of Nelson. All the crew were rescued, and Hūria and her four Māori companions were rewarded by the government. Nearby Cable Bay is where New Zealand's first telegraph cable came ashore.
Related web links:
The wreck of the Delaware
Delaware crew rescue: Hūria Mātenga
Huria Matenga
Nelson surrounds and suburbs
Nelson region: sea and air transport and communications
Roadside Stories are a series of audio guides to places of interest on major road trips in New Zealand. Each guide tells the story of an attraction along the way – its people, its history, its cultural and natural significance. For more information about Roadside Stories visit http://www.mch.govt.nz/roadside/


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I use to start a SUV review with horsepower and torque for towing, but now I need to open with EPA Fuel Economy Estimates of 13 mpg city and 18 mpg highway for the 2008 Dodge Durango. I drove the Durango Adventurer 4x4 for a week on the plains, in the Rockies and towed a two horse trailer. The Hemi with Multi Displacement had plenty of power. Rear backup camera is handy for the trailer and the remote start is an excellent option for the winter in Colorado. The Durango is a nice size with three rows of seats for 8 passengers, enough power for a three horse trailer, but I would use a weight distributing hitch.
Dodge has announced details for the 2009 Dodge Durango HEMI® Hybrids as it's first.
- Chrysler and Dodge SUVs boast 40 percent fuel economy improvement in city
- 25 percent overall fuel economy improvement
- 2009 Dodge Durango HEMI Hybrid starts at $45,340
- Customers to receive estimated tax credit of $1,800
- Rated for towing 6,000 lbs. with an electrically variable transmission, featuring characteristics of an automatic transmission and two mode hybrid drive.
Dodge Durango rides on a hydroformed frame with an independent front suspension and rack-and-pinion steering. Dodge Durango's rear suspension has coil springs and a solid rear axle with a Watt's 4-link system.
Other safety and security features include standard Anti-lock Brake System (ABS), Electronic Stability Program with Electronic Roll Mitigation and Trailer Sway Control, side-curtain air bags for all three rows, ParkSense® Rear Park Assist System, Tire Pressure Monitoring system, Sentry Key® engine immobilizer, and ParkView™ Rear Back-up Camera System.
Built at the Newark Assembly Plant in Delaware, the new 2009 Dodge Durango HEMI Hybrid will go on sale this August.
Author H. Kent Sundling writes for AgWeb.com via a special agreement with MrTruck.com.
Schafer Adds More Confusion to CRP Early-out Issue
Farm Journal Corn College: Your Corn Education Awaits


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Serviços Personalizados
Links relacionados
- Citado por Google
- Similares em Google
Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology
versão On-line ISSN 1445-7377
versão impressa ISSN 2079-7222
Indo-Pac. j. phenomenol. (Online) vol.13 spe Grahamstown Set. 2013
With the lifeworld as ground: Introduction to the special issue. An outline of the Gothenburg tradition of the lifeworld approach
Jan Bengtsson
This paper outlines the history of the lifeworld tradition since its initiation in the Nordic countries during the 1980s at the University of Gothenburg in Sweden.
In this presentation, the tradition of the lifeworld approach focuses mainly on doctoral theses within the tradition although it should be noted that publications in the tradition are not limited to only these kinds of writings. Many lifeworld researchers have published extensively in books and journals as well as other forums, and have been enormously successful in the academic world.
Although the lifeworld approach largely had its origins in philosophy and education at the University of Gothenburg, it has rapidly spread to other disciplines and universities as well as other countries, even beyond the Nordic regions. The lifeworld approach has seen considerable growth in Europe as well as internationally as it continues to attract proponents and researchers from a broad spectrum of human and social science scholars.
The lifeworld approach is an established research tradition in the Nordic countries. Since 2000 its hub has been the Centre for Lifeworld Phenomenological Research, which is located at the Faculty of Education, University of Gothenburg. The Centre attracts researchers from all the Nordic countries with some 130 persons on its send-list. When an international committee evaluated the research of the university in 2010, the Centre was said to be "playing the role of hub in their network, corresponding to the grade Excellent" (RED 10 research evaluation, 2010, p. 105).
According to Gadamer, all traditions are embedded in histories (Gadamer, 1960/1975). There is thus a question regarding the specific history within which the tradition of the lifeworld approach is embedded.
History is made of actions and activities, and in research traditions they consist of significant actions such as publications and activities such as courses, seminars and lectures. In the history of the lifeworld approach, the text entitled Sammanflätningar: fenomenologi från Husserl till Merleau-Ponty [Intertwinings: Phenomenology from Husserl to Merleau-Ponty] by Jan Bengtsson (Bengtsson, 1988a) has played a crucial role in the development of this tradition. The book was published by the Swedish publisher Daidalos in 1988, but was based on lectures held in 1986 at the Department of Sociology in Gothenburg and published in the Department's report series in 1987 (Bengtsson, 1987a, 1987b) before it was published as a book. The lectures were attended by a large number of people and resulted in an invitation to give a course in phenomenology for their doctoral students as well as to write a chapter about phenomenology for a textbook in sociology (Bengtsson, 1988b). When Intertwinings was published, this was the first book about phenomenology in Sweden. It introduced phenomenology with a lifeworld focus and was addressed more to social and human scientists than philosophers. The book has been used extensively in all the Nordic countries and has been published in several revised editions and printings. Both in the doctoral course and in the book chapter, a lifeworld perspective for researching the social world was used. The publication of this book sparked an interest in phenomenology within the social and human sciences in the Nordic countries. This resulted in doctoral theses in different subjects such as physiotherapy (Engelsrud, 1990), education (Duesund, 1993; Torstenson-Ed, 1997) and architecture (Wikström, 1994; Hurtig, 1995; Herklint, 2000). However, these theses were more inspired by ideas from the lifeworld perspective than from the research design of the lifeworld approach.
The lifeworld approach officially began when seminars, doctoral courses and supervision started on a regular basis in the Department of Education, University of Gothenburg, in an empirical environment. Before this, the lifeworld approach had its domicile at the Department of Philosophy, also at the University of Gothenburg. The first lecture on phenomenology at the Department of Education was given as an invited lecture in 1983, followed by a new lecture in 1985. Subsequently, there have been lectures on lifeworld phenomenology in the doctoral course on methodology each year. The lectures have been published as a series of Husserl-studies, in which the limits and possibilities of Husserl's phenomenology are discussed from a lifeworld perspective. The titles of the publications are significant: Husserls erfarenhetsbegrepp och kunskapsideal: den teoretiska erfarenhetens begränsningar och den praktiska erfarenhetens primat [Husserl's concept of experience and ideal of knowledge: The limits of theoretical experience and the primacy of practical experience] (Bengtsson, 1984) and Konkret fenomenologi [Concrete phenomenology] (Bengtsson, 1986). In 1990, a series of seminars on phenomenology, devoted to close reading of phenomenological classics, were given to the doctoral students over two semesters. These seminars were later continued by courses on the lifeworld approach and other topics. Supervision of doctoral students in education began and seminars were given regularly. These were important steps in the development of the lifeworld approach as a tradition.
A research tradition is not only embedded in history, but it is also embedded in a regional lifeworld (Bengtsson, 2006a, 2010). The lifeworld, in its general sense, is everything that is possible to experience and do for a particular individual, but in daily practice the world is limited to regions of the entire lifeworld. Examples of regional worlds are the life in the family, the life of the working place and the life of leisure time. Each regional world is a world of particular things and persons situated at a particular place and organised from the perspective of its activities. In each regional world, people develop a particular identity and language, and often a particular style of comportment and dressing. However, the individuals are not only influenced by the regional world in which they are living, but the world is also relative to the individuals' understanding and ability. The world is neither more nor less than it is for the individuals who live in it. The borders of a regional world are thus better characterized as horizons that can be displaced than objective borders.
A research tradition can be understood as a regional world. People who work together at the same place within the same research approach constitute a particular regional world. They all participate in the same seminars and courses, and read and discuss the same literature. Through doing this they develop a particular understanding of research and of doing research. They acquire a way of experiencing, thinking and acting that is integrated with their embodied existence. Together with this comes a corresponding language and identity. However, all researchers within a tradition are not identical. It is common for researchers within the same tradition to have a somewhat different understanding of concepts and theories as well as different abilities in relation to conducting research. They also work with different research questions and have different needs in relation to the tradition.
Bengtsson published a new book about the lifeworld approach in 1999, which was also published in a revised second edition in 2005. This text is entitled Med livsvärlden som grund: bidrag till utvecklandet av en livsvarldsfenomenologisk ansats i pedagogisk forskning [With the lifeworld as ground: Contributions to the development of a lifeworld phenomenological approach in educational research] (Bengtsson, 1999). The book consists of a collection of essays from a doctoral course in 1996 and includes a chapter that formulated the theoretical outlook of the approach as well as six chapters that described different empirical studies. The book contains chapters by Jan Bengtsson, Febe Friberg, Inger Berndtsson, Nadja Carlsson, Silwa Claesson, Joakim Öhlén and Eva Johansson. Also of relevance for the development of the research tradition was the publication of the book Fenomenologiska utflykter: människa och vetenskap ur ett livsvärldsperspektiv [Phenomenological excursions: Human being and science from a lifeworld perspective] in the preceding year (Bengtsson, 1998).
This book was an anthology of earlier published and unpublished writings by Bengtsson.
Just before the turn of the millennium, the first doctoral theses in the tradition of the lifeworld approach were completed and defended publicly. In Gothenburg, Silwa Claesson published the first thesis in the tradition. Her thesis was a study concerning teachers' use of scientific knowledge - or more exactly, research on pupils' conceptions of teachers' use of scientific knowledge - in their teaching (Claesson, 1999). In the same year, Eva Johansson published her thesis on small children's morality (Johansson, 1999). She researched moral values and norms in relationships between the children. Kennert Orlenius also defended his thesis concerning preschool teachers who participated in an educational programme in order to become teachers in the compulsory school system (Orlenius, 1999). His focus in the study was the understanding that emerges in the encounter between the pre-school teachers' earlier professional experiences and the content of the educational programme. In 2001, Inger Berndtsson published a study about life changes for people who have suffered severe vision impairment or blindness (Berndtsson, 2001). The study's main focus was on understanding the kind of learning that this type of life-change necessitated. In 2005, Ingrid Grundén published a thesis about life changes after a spinal cord injury. The two central questions of the study concerned how the relationship between the body and its environment is re-established after such an accident and how the persons learn to live with a radically changed body (Grundén, 2005). Cecilia Nielsen's 2005 thesis was about people between 8 and 53 years old who experience reading and writing difficulties. Her interest was in understanding how people with this kind of difficulty experience their difficulty and what they do to overcome this difficulty (Nielsen, 2005). Six years later, another thesis about reading and writing difficulties was published. Nadja Carlsson studied difficulties that occurred for adult students at school and in daily life and the consequences of these difficulties (Carlsson, 2011). In the following year, Ulla Andrén defended her thesis about self-awareness and self-knowledge in professions. The object of her study was to discover if and in what sense self-awareness and self-knowledge influence professionals' work (Andrén, 2012). Currently, seven doctoral students are writing their theses within the lifeworld approach.
When the new Department of Caring Education was opened at the Faculty of Education the first doctoral theses in the department all belonged to the tradition of the lifeworld approach. Joakim Öhlén defended his thesis on palliative caring in 2000. His study focused on the meaning of alleviation of suffering when living with life-threatening cancer (Öhlén, 2000). In the following year Febe Friberg published a thesis about patient teaching in a medical ward. She was particularly interested in the didactical relationship between patients and nurses (Friberg, 2001).
Like many other doctoral students in education at this time, Karin Dahlberg wrote a thesis in the phenomeno-graphic tradition and integrated lifeworld phenomenology as the grounding for this thesis (Dahlberg, 1992). She participated in the early seminars and courses in phenomenology at the Department of Education. As part of the new Department of Caring Education, Karin supervised doctoral students who wrote their theses from a lifeworld perspective. Subsequently, with the Linnaeus University in Växjö as a base, she has supervised more than 30 doctoral students from different Nordic countries. She published a book in 2001 entitled Reflective lifeworld research (Dahlberg, Drew, & Nyström, 2001) that focuses on lifeworld research for the caring sciences. A revised edition of this book was published in 2008 (Dahlberg, Dahlberg, & Nyström, 2008). This research approach has several features in common with the lifeworld approach, but could, in short, be said to have a more epistemological outlook. In this way, Dahlberg gave the lifeworld approach a new direction and founded a lifeworld oriented research centre in Växjö. She recently published a book about health and caring entitled Hälsa och vårdande i teori och praxis [Health and caring in theory and practice] (Dahlberg & Segesten, 2010), in which she sums up her lifeworld phenomenological research.
Bengtsson has also published in the caring sciences. Together with two Norwegian colleagues, Gunn Engelsrud and Kristin Heggen, he served as the Guest Editor of a Special Issue of the journal Norsk Tidsskrift for Sykepleieforskning [Norwegian Journal of Nursing Science] (2004) that focused on lifeworld phenomenology and health sciences. The Special Issue contained articles by the Norwegian researchers Finn Nortvedt, Sissel Lisa Storli and Solveig Hauge as well as an introduction by Bengtsson, Engelsrud and Heggen. Bengtsson also published a book on the lifeworld approach for the caring sciences in Norway with contributions on different topics from seven Norwegian scholars (Bengtsson, 2006b). The title of the book was Å forske i sykdoms- og pleieerfaringer: livsverdensfenomenologiske bidrag [Researching experiences of illness and caring: Lifeworld phenomenological contributions] and included contributions by Jan Bengtsson, Kristin Heggen, Sissel Lisa Storli, Bengt Karlsson, Málfrid Ráheim, Eva Gjengedal, Ragnar Fjelland and Kari Kvigne.
The lifeworld approach has also been used in the Department of Archaeology at the University of Gothenburg. Maria Hinnerson-Berglund published a thesis in 2004 on the lifeworld of people living at the Nuuk Fiord in Greenland 4000 years ago with a particular interest in their aesthetics (Hinnerson-Berglund, 2004).
Up to this point, this article has mainly discussed the tradition of the lifeworld approach in Gothenburg. However, the tradition has also spread outside of Gothenburg, to various parts of Sweden as well as to other Nordic countries. The tradition was spread by means of publications, lectures, courses and workshops run by researchers working in the tradition. Jan Bengtsson has lectured at more than one hundred different departments, at some of them several times over many years, and has offered 13 doctoral courses at different departments. When a tradition is spread geographically something happens to the tradition. In a new place, it constitutes a new regional world, and two regional worlds are not the same. Even in heavily controlled systems such as a national curriculum, schools vary in their practice. However, if they are regional worlds of the same tradition, they also need to have something in common, otherwise they would not belong to the same tradition. It is thus necessary to have tolerance for variations in a tradition that is spread geographically, but there also need to be clear limitations to this tolerance. Traditions need to learn to live with this ambiguity of tolerance.
The Luleå University of Technology displayed an early interest in the lifeworld approach and has produced many doctoral theses using this approach, making this regional world the most important centre of the lifeworld tradition outside of Gothenburg. Eva Alerby has been the leading person in this environment. Eva Alerby was also the first person to publish a thesis in this tradition. Her thesis was about young people's (between 7 and 16 years old) thoughts about the environment based on their own experiences and was publicly defended in 1998 (Alerby, 1998). In the following year, Maj-Lis Hörnqvist published a thesis on pupils' experience of competence in their schoolwork by studying experiences of success and failure by pupils in the 8th school year (Hörnqvist, 1999). In 2000, Kerstin Öhrling published a thesis about the relationship between student nurses' and nurses' teaching and learning during the clinical education at a hospital ward with a particular focus on the teacher (Öhrling, 2000). The next thesis was published in 2004 by Cecilia Ferm in music education. She wrote about the interaction between teachers and pupils in music lessons in years 4-6. Her main interest was in understanding the kind of experiences achieved by the interaction (Ferm, 2004). In 2007, Krister Hertting published a thesis in education about learning and performance of leadership in football for children (Hertting, 2007). Catrine Kostenius published her thesis in health promotion in 2008. Her thesis focused on schoolchildren's own experiences of health and wellbeing (Kostenius, 2008). In 2009, Ulrika Bergmark published a thesis in education about teachers' and pupils' experiences of ethical situations and of their work to promote an ethical attitude in a secondary school (Bergmark, 2009). Niclas Ekberg published his thesis in education in 2012. This thesis focused on teachers' experiences of working with social media in the classroom (Ekberg, 2012). Four doctoral students in the Department of Arts, Communication and Education are currently writing their theses within the lifeworld tradition. Under the leadership of Eva Alerby, the lifeworld tradition is vibrant and active in Luleå. In addition to producing theses, the Department also runs courses and research projects within the tradition.
Two theses in early childhood education with a lifeworld approach have been published in Norway. The first of them was produced by Gunvor Løkken at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim. She researched the social style of one and two year old toddlers in their interaction with each other in the pre-school (Løkken, 2000). The second thesis was published by Anne Greve in 2007 at the Department of Special Needs Education, University of Oslo. Her thesis focused on friendship between small children in pre-school (Greve, 2007).
One thesis in education using a lifeworld approach has been publised at the University of Umeá. In 2001, Monika Vinterek published a thesis on pupils' experiences of being in age heterogeneous classes at the Department of Swedish and Subjects of Social Science in Teacher Education (Vinterek, 2001).
At the University of Stockholm, Bozena Hautaniemi defended a thesis in education using the lifeworld appoach in 2004. She researched severely disabled children (between the ages of nine months and five years) without language and speech in order to understand these children's particular way of understanding and relating to the world (Hautaniemi, 2004).
The lifeworld approach has also found fruitful soil in the School of Learning and Communication at University College in Jönköping. In 2007, Martin Hugo published a thesis about teachers' and pupils' experiences from an individual programme for school-tired young people (Hugo, 2007). In 2011, Mikael Segolsson presented a theoretical thesis on learning. Using the notion of formation (Bildung) as a frame of reference, he analysed learning as an on-going interaction between interpretation and dialogue resulting in embodied knowledge (Segolsson, 2011).
At the Malmö Academy of Music, Anna Houmann published a thesis in 2010 on music teachers' working conditions. The thesis focused on music teachers' experiences of discretionary power in their professional lives (Houman, 2010).
This presentation of the tradition of the lifeworld approach has focused mainly on doctoral theses within the tradition. However, it should be noted that publications in the tradition are not limited to these kind of writings. Many researchers in the tradition have published extensively in books and journals as well as other forums, and have been successful in the academic world. At this point in time, 13 of the 27 persons who produced doctoral theses in the tradition are full professors, while one individual is an associate professor. The academic success of these researchers could be seen as a sign of success of the lifeworld approach. At the very least, it suggests that the approach has attracted excellent researchers. Of course, the success could also be due to the research approach. However, the successes can probably be ascribed to a combination of the nature of the approach and the talent of the person. It is also important to note that other conditions relating to academic work may well have played a role in these successes.
This Special Edition could be seen as an updated version of the lifeworld approach. It contains one article about the basic principles of the research approach and two articles based on doctoral students' on-going research. In this sense, these articles are the latest the approach has to offer.
Referencing Format
Bengtsson, J. (2013). With the lifeworld as ground: Introduction to the special issue. An outline of the Gothenburg tradition of the lifeworld approach. Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology, 13 (Special Edition, September: Lifeworld Approach for Empirical Research in Education - the Gothenburg Tradition), 9 pp. doi: 10.2989/ IPJP.2013.13.2.3.1177
Alerby, E. (1998). Att fånga en tanke. En fenomenologisk studie av barns och ungdomars tänkande kring miljö [To catch a thought. A phenomenological study of the thinking of children and young people about the environment]. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
Andrén, U. (2012). Self-awareness and self-knowledge in professions. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, Gothenburg, Sweden. [ Links ]
Bengtsson, J. (1984). Husserls erfarenhetsbegrepp och kunskapsideal. Den teoretiska erfarenhetens begränsningar och den praktiska erfarenhetens primat [Husserl's concept of experience and ideal of knowledge. The limits of theoretical experience and the primacy of practical experience]. Gothenburg, Sweden: Fenomenografiska notiser 1: 1984. Report from the Department of Education, University of Gothenburg.
Bengtsson, J. (1986). Konkret fenomenologi [Concrete phenomenology]. Gothenburg, Sweden: Philosophical communications, Green series no. 21, Department of Philosophy, University of Gothenburg.
Bengtsson, J. (1987a). Edmund Husserls filosofi. En introducerande översikt över hans fenomenologi och dess inflytande [Edmund Husserl's philosophy. An introductory overview of his phenomenology and its influence]. Gothenburg, Sweden: Research report from the Department of Sociology, no 90, University of Gothenburg. [ Links ]
Bengtsson, J. (1987b). Maurice Merleau-Pontys filosofi. Några grunddrag [Maurice Merleau-Ponty's philosophy. Some basic features]. Gothenburg, Sweden: Research report from the Department of Sociology, no 91, University of Gothenburg.
Bengtsson, J. (1988a). Sammanflatningar. Husserls och Merleau-Pontys fenomenologi [Intertwinings. Husserl's and Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology]. Gothenburg, Sweden: Daidalos. [ Links ]
Bengtsson, J. (1988b). Fenomenologi: vardagsforskning, existensfilosofi, hermeneutik [Phenomenological directions in sociology: Everyday research, philosophy of existence, hermeneutics]. In P. Månson (Ed.), Moderna samhällsteorier. Traditioner, riktningar, teoretiker (pp. 60-94). Stockholm, Sweden: Prisma. [ Links ]
Bengtsson, J. (1993). Sammanflatningar. Husserls och Merleau-Pontys fenomenologi [Intertwinings. Husserl's and Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology] (2nd revised edition). Gothenburg, Sweden: Daidalos.
Bengtsson, J. (1998). Fenomenologiska utflykter. Manniska och vetenskap ur ett livsvärldsperspektiv [Phenomenological excursions. Human beings and scientific research from a lifeworld perspective]. Gothenburg, Sweden: Daidalos. [ Links ]
Bengtsson, J. (Ed.) (1999). Med livsvärlden som grund. Bidrag till utvecklandet av en livsvärldsfenomenologisk ansats i pedagogisk forskning [With the lifeworld as ground. Contributions to the development of a phenomenological lifeworld approach in empirical educational research]. Lund, Sweden: Studentlitteratur. [ Links ]
Bengtsson, J. (2001). Sammanflatningar. Husserls och Merleau-Pontys fenomenologi [Intertwinings. Husserl's and Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology] (3rd revised edition). Gothenburg, Sweden: Daidalos. [ Links ]
Bengtsson, J. (Ed.) (2005). Med livsvarlden som grund. Bidrag till utvecklandet av en livsvarldsfenomenologisk ansats i pedagogisk forskning [With the lifeworld as ground. Contributions to the development of a phenomenological lifeworld approach in empirical educational research] (2nd revised edition). Lund, Sweden: Studentlitteratur.
Bengtsson, J. (2006a). Undervisning, profession, lärande [Teaching, profession, learning]. In S. Lindblad & A. Edvardsson (Eds.), Mot bättre vetande. Presentationer av forskning vid Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik 2006 (pp. 108-114). Gothenburg, Sweden: IPD-rapport 2006:06, University of Gothenburg, Department of Education. [ Links ]
Bengtsson, J. (Ed.) (2006b). Å forske i sykdoms- og pleieefaringer. Livsverdensfenomenologiske bidrag [Researching experiences of illness and caring. Lifeworld phenomenological contributions]. Kristiansand, Norway: HøyskoleForlaget.
Bengtsson, J. (2010). Teorier om yrkesutövning och deras praktiska konsekvenser för larare [Theories about professional skill and their practical consequences for teachers]. In M. Hugo & M. Segolsson (Eds.), Larande och bildning i en globaliserad tid (pp. 83-98). Lund, Sweden: Studentlitteratur. [ Links ]
Bengtsson, J., Engelsrud, G., & Heggen, K. (Eds.) (2004). Special Issue: Livsvarldsfenomenologi och vårdforskning. Norsk Tidsskrift for Sykepleieforskning, 6/3. [ Links ]
Bergmark, U. (2009). Building an ethical learning community in schools. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden. [ Links ]
Berndtsson, I. (2001). Förskjutna horisonter. Livsförandring och larande i samband med synnedsattning [Shifting horizons. Life changes and learning in relation to visual impairment or blindness]. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Carlsson, N. (2011). I kamp med skriftspråket. Vuxenstuderande med las- och skrivsvårigheter i ett livsvarldesperspektiv [Struggling with written language. Adult students with reading and writing difficulties in a lifeworld perspective]. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, Gothenburg, Sweden. [ Links ]
Claesson, S. (1999). "Hur tänker du då?" Empiriska studier om relationen mellan forskning om elevuppfattningar och lärares undervisning [How did you figure that out? Empirical studies concerning research on pupils' conceptions in relation to teaching]. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis Gothenburg, Sweden. [ Links ]
Dahlberg, K. (1992). Helhetssyn i vården. En uppgift för sjuksköterskeutbildningen [Holistic perspective in caring. A task for nursing education]. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, Gothenburg, Sweden. [ Links ]
Dahlberg, K., Drew, N., & Nyström, M. (2001). Reflective lifeworld research. Lund, Sweden: Studentlitteratur. [ Links ]
Dahlberg, H., Dalhberg, K., & Nyström, M. (2008). Reflective lifeworld research (2nd ed). Lund, Sweden: Studentlitteratur. [ Links ]
Dahlberg, K., & Segesten, K. (2010). Hälsa och vårdande i teori och praxis [Health and caring in theory and practice]. Stockholm, Sweden: Natur & Kultur. [ Links ]
Duesund, L. (1993). Kroppen i spesialpedagogikken. En teoretisk og empirisk unders0kelse om fysisk aktivitet og selvoppfatning [The body in special needs education. A theoretical and empirical investigation of physical activity and self-image]. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Ekberg, N. (2012). Lararnas möten med sociala medier: applikationer i behov av explikationer [Teachers' encounters with social media: Applications in need of explications]. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Luleå University of Technology Luleå, Sweden. [ Links ]
Engelsrud, G. (1990). Kjœrlighet og bevegelse. Fragmenter til en forstå else av fysioterapeutisk yrkesut0velse [Love and movement. Fragments to an understanding of physiotherapeutic practice]. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Statens institutt for folkhelse, Oslo, Norway. [ Links ]
Ferm, C. (2004). Öppenhet och medvetenhet. En fenomenologisk studie av musikdidaktisk interaction [Openness and awareness. A phenomenological study of music didactical interaction]. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden. [ Links ]
Friberg, F. (2001). Pedagogiska möten mellan patienter och sjuksköterskor på en medicinsk vårdavdelning. Mot en vårddidaktik på livsvarldsgrund [Pedagogical encounters between patients and nurses in a medical ward. Towards a caring didactics from a lifeworld approach]. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, Gothenburg, Sweden. [ Links ]
Gadamer, H-G. (1960/1975). Wahrheit und Methode [Truth and method]. London: Sheed & Ward. Tübingen, Germany: J. C. B. Mohr. [ Links ]
Greve, A. (2007). Vennskap mellom sma barn i barnehagen [Friendship among small children in pre-school]. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. [ Links ]
Grundén, I. (2005). Att återerövra kroppen. En studie av livet efter en ryggmargsskada [Reclaiming the body. A study of life after a spinal cord injury]. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, Gothenburg, Sweden. [ Links ]
Hautaniemi, B. (2004). Känslornas betydelse i funktionshindrade barns livsvärld [The meaning of feelings in the lifeworld of disabled children]. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. [ Links ]
Herklint, E. (2000). Bevarandets etiska dimensioner. Relationer mellan manniskor, plaster och hus [The ethical functions of preserving. Relations between human beings, places and houses]. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden. [ Links ]
Hertting, K. (2007). Den sköra föreningen mellan tävling och medmänsklighet. Om ledarskap och lärprocesser i barnfotbollen [The fragile unity between competition and humanity: On leadership and learning processes in children's football]. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden. [ Links ]
Hinnerson-Berglund, M. (2005). Mobilitet och estetik. Nuukfjorden på Grönlands västkust som manniskornas livsvärld för 4000 år sedan [Mobility and aesthetics. The Nuuk fiord on Greenland's west coast as people's lifeworld 4000 years ago]. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. [ Links ]
Houmann, A. (2010). Musiklärares handlingsutrymme. Möjligheter och begränsningar [Music teachers' scope of action. Possibilities and limitations]. Studies in music and music education no 16. Malmö: Publications from the Malmö Academy of Music.
Hörnqvist, M-L. (1999). Upplevd kompetens. En fenomenologisk studie av ungdomars upplevelser av sin egen kompetens i skolarbetet [Experienced competence. A phenomenological study of young people's experience of their own competence in schoolwork]. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden. [ Links ]
Hugo, M. (2007). Liv och lärande i gymnasieskolan. En studie om elevers erfarenheter i en liten grupp på gymnasieskolans individuella program [Life and learning. The way towards knowledge and competence for seven underachievers at upper secondary school]. Jönköping, Sweden: Jönköping University Press. [ Links ]
Hurtig, E. (1995). Hemhörighet och stadsförnyelse belyst i fyrtiotalsstadsdelen Sanna i Göteborg [The concept of home and urban renewal exemplified by the 1940s Sanna quarter in Gothenburg]. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden. [ Links ]
Johansson, E. (1999). Etik i små barns varld. Om varden och normer bland de yngsta barnen i förskolan [Ethics in small children's world. Values and norms among the youngest children in preschool]. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Kostenius, C. (2008). Giving voice and space to children in health promotion. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden. [ Links ]
L0kken, G. (2000). Toddler peer culture. The social style of one and two year old body-subjects in everyday interaction. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. [ Links ]
Nielsen, C. (2005). Mellan fakticitet och projekt. Läs- och skrivsvårigheter och strävan att övervinna dem [Between facticity and project. Reading and writing difficulties and the striving to overcome them]. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, Gothenburg, Sweden. [ Links ]
Öhlén, J. (2000). Att vara i en fristad. Berättelser om lindrat lidande inom palliativ värd [Being in a lived retreat. Narratives of alleviated suffering within palliative care]. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Öhrling, K. (2000). Being in the space for teaching-and-learning. The meaning of perceptorship in nurse education. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden. [ Links ]
Orlenius, K. (1999). Förståelsens paradox. Yrkeserfarenhetens betydelse när förskollärare blir grundskollärare [The paradox of understanding. The meaning and value of professional experience when pre-school teachers become compulsory school teachers]. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, Gothenburg, Sweden. [ Links ]
RED 10 Research Evaluation. (2010) Reports from the evaluation of all research at the University of Gothenburg. Gothenburg: University of Gothenburg 2011. [ Links ]
Segolsson, M. (2011). Lärandets hermenutik. Tolkningens och dialogens betydelse för lärandet med bildningstanken som utgangspunkt [The hermeneutics of learning. The importance of interpretation and dialogue to learning, on the basis of bildung]. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University College, Jönköping, Sweden.
Torstenson-Ed, T. (1997). Barns livsvägar genom daghem och skola [Children's life-paths through pre-school and school]. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden. [ Links ]
Vinterek, M. (2001). Aldersblandning i skolan. Elevers erfarenheter [Mixing ages at school. Pupil experiences]. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Umeá University, Umeå, Sweden. [ Links ]
Wikström, T. (1994). Mellan hemmet och världen. Om rum och möten i 40- och 50-talens hyreshus [Between home and world. On space and encounters in block of flats from the 1940s and 1950s]. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Symposium Graduale, Stockholm and Stehag, Sweden. [ Links ]
About the Author
Jan Bengtsson, who held the post of Professor in the Department of Pedagogical, Curricular and Professional Studies, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, passed away on 31 August. Throughout his long illness, which was bravely borne, Jan continued to be academically active but very sadly never lived to see the publication of this paper which is part of a Special Edition of which he was Guest Editor.
Professor Bengtsson previously studied at the University of Vienna (Austria), the University of Freiburg (Germany), Ruhr-University in Bochum (Germany), and the University of Grenoble (France).
During his lengthy career, Jan had been a Visiting Scholar at several institutions such as the Husserl-Archives in Louvain (Belgium), the University of Grenoble (France), the University of Århus (Denmark), the University of California at Berkeley (USA), the National Institute of Educational Research in Paris (France) and the University of Queensland (Brisbane, Australia). He had also been a Visiting Professor at the Universities of Helsinki (Finland) and Oslo (Norway) as well as the University of Agder in Norway.
Over the years, Jan founded several scientific organizations in the Nordic countries such as the Centre of Lifeword Phenomenological Research (University of Gothenburg) and the Nordic Society for Philosophy of Education.
Jan's research areas were diverse, and included the fields of teaching, teachers and learning, school architecture, history of scientific research, the philosophy of education, and phenomenology.


text:
Bakemaster wrote:It's used a lot in Nepali food, where they call it Timur. My friend's family swears it's different from the szechuan pepper they sell at the asian grocery, so they bring it back from Nepal when anyone goes for a visit, but I can't really tell the difference.
Interesting. I've spent a fair bit of time just a few hundred km from the Nepali border, and I wasn't familiar with this spice until I discovered a good Szechuan place.
poxic wrote:All "curry powder" and garam masala come with some form of peppers or chilies mixed in, unfortunately.
I don't know about supermarket brands of garam masala, and I'm not even going to get into my 'curry powder' rant, but most garam masala used at home (and that you'd find at an Indian grocery) contains no chillies. Sometimes it contains pepper. You can always make your own if you have a grinder, with whatever spices work for you. It should have a certain pungency, but it needn't be from chillies or pepper.


text:
Does shale oil boom mean U.S. energy independence near?
TOWANDA, Pa. — Ever since Richard Nixon's 1973 promise to attain energy independence, successive U.S. presidents all have pledged the same goal, even as foreign supplies composed a larger and larger share of the U.S. energy mix.
Now, almost 40 years later, a measure of independence is within reach. But as this booming mountain town in northeastern Pennsylvania shows, the quest for independence involves both opportunities and trade-offs.
It may surprise Americans who've lived through many years of dependence on foreign fuels, but in less than a decade the United States could pass its 1970s peak as an oil and natural gas producer. If that happens — and many analysts think it's possible — the United States would edge past Saudi Arabia and Russia to become the world's top energy producer.
That alone wouldn't make us completely energy independent. Mexico and Canada are likely to remain stable providers of oil to supplement growing U.S. production. And other factors will help too, ranging from advances in battery technologies and alternative fuels such as ethanol to greater fuel economy in automobiles.
However, the biggest potential game changer for U.S. energy production is natural gas, which previously had been supplied largely from the Gulf of Mexico region. Just a few years ago, terminals were being built at U.S. ports in anticipation of importing natural gas; today, there's talk of exporting it.
Technological advances have allowed drillers to go down almost 7,000 feet, smashing through rock formations and drilling horizontally, freeing trapped oil and gas that long had been considered inaccessible.
"Shale gas, the biggest energy innovation since the start of the new century, has turned what was an imminent shortage in the United States into what may be a hundred-year supply and may do the same elsewhere in the world," Daniel Yergin, the world's most prominent oil historian, wrote in his new book about energy security, "The Quest."
The promise of shale gas is present in many places that are being developed across the country, but it's nowhere more visible than in northeastern Pennsylvania's Bradford County, which is in the aptly named Endless Mountains region. Communities here sit atop the Marcellus Shale formation, which runs along southern New York state through western Pennsylvania into eastern Ohio and parts of Maryland and West Virginia.
Geologists think the Marcellus Shale formation contains the second-largest natural gas deposits in the world, behind only Iran's South Pars-North Dome gas field in the Persian Gulf, off the coasts of Iran and Qatar. If America becomes energy independent, it'll be in large part thanks to this region. Energy consultancy PFC Energy projects that the United States will recapture the flag of top energy producer within the next eight years.
"We need to continue to have increased drilling and production. It looks like the resource base is there to support that. The evidence is there for that; I think it's a pretty high probability," said Bob MacKnight, a PFC senior manager, who added that large U.S.-based energy companies are "rediscovering" the United States. "A lot of these companies had left the U.S. for dead 10 years ago, and are now realizing the type of growth they can get here onshore is a scale they didn't think existed."
Onshore is the operative word. Offshore drilling has brought new oil resources, and before the April 2010 BP oil spill, new ultra-deepwater production was replacing lost conventional domestic supplies and beginning to reduce the amount of imported oil. On Dec. 14, the federal government unsealed the winning bids on the first deepwater leases since the devastating BP spill, fetching more than $337 million and showing there's still strong interest in deepwater drilling.
But oil and gas from shale is the biggest new phenomenon.
"To have energy independence, you need to have energy," said Brian Grove, the director of corporate relations in Towanda for Chesapeake Energy, the most active player right now in Pennsylvania's Endless Mountains region. "We've grown our production here from zero to hundreds of millions of cubic feet per day. ... It's going to take decades for development."
Grove was the fourth local employee for Chesapeake Energy back in early 2009. Today, the company employs more than 1,400 in wholly owned subsidiaries that operate in the Bradford County area, not to mention the hundreds of contractors it works with locally.
The natural gas coming out of the shale formations can be fed into a pipeline that already passes through the region, operated by El Paso Corp. The region's stepped-up natural gas production has led to a number of high-profile announcements of new power plants in the Northeast that won't need oil or coal to operate.
Utilities are expected to be the largest beneficiaries of the new production, and that's likely to translate into cheaper electricity for companies and consumers alike. Forecaster IHS Global Insight projects that the abundant supply will lower natural gas prices, reduce electricity costs by an average of 10 percent nationwide and boost industrial production by 2.9 percent by 2017, as manufacturers enjoy cost savings. Natural gas is also likely to displace a lot of heating oil in the Northeast.
Demand remains a limitation. Manufacturers are big users of natural gas, and some cities have switched public buses to natural gas. But the scale of demand has yet to approach the available supplies, and producers want a more active federal policy that encourages the wider use of natural gas.
"We've got a supply of natural gas. We need an energy policy that reflects that," said Kristi Gittins, the vice president of industry and public affairs for Chief Oil & Gas, a Dallas-based driller that's drilled more than 150 wells along the Marcellus Shale formation and has three that now are operational.
Chief has invested more than $1.5 billion in a relatively short time, she said.
"That's a pretty significant investment to a company like ours," Gittins said.
Shale gas production now accounts for anywhere from 23 to 34 percent of U.S. marketed production, according to differing estimates by energy consultants. That'll grow to at least 42 percent by 2020, PFC Energy said. IHS Global Insight projects that it will grow to 60 percent by 2035.
In fact, in a thick study released recently, IHS Global Insight forecast $1.9 trillion in capital investment from 2010 to 2035. The industry will have spent $48 billion by 2015 to reach oil and gas trapped beneath shale deposits, the group said.
"You're talking about something that's the next level," said Anthony Ventello, the executive director of the Central Bradford Progress Authority, an economic development agency. By the agency's count, more than 700 wells have been drilled in Bradford County, more than 300 are operational and more than 2,000 drilling permits have been issued.
Environmental concerns are one potential brake on the shale boom. There are worries about risks to water tables from hydraulic fracturing, the fancy name for shooting pressurized water, sand and chemicals deep into the ground to ease shale gas to the surface. Industry says the process is safe, but the Environmental Protection Agency early this month linked chemicals in the groundwater of a small Wyoming town to hydraulic fracturing, also known as fracking.
State and local governments are struggling to keep up with the rapid pace of development here. The Philadelphia Inquirer newspaper spotlighted in a four-part series this month how there's little regulation of the pipelines that feed from the new wells into a pre-existing transmission pipeline that serves the densely populated Northeast. Pipelines in interstate transmission are federally regulated, but in rural Bradford County and elsewhere, it's essentially self-regulation.
Locals in Bradford County share many of those concerns, but some consider it a chance they're willing to take.
"Forty years from now we might look back and say, 'What the hell did we do?' Or maybe not. Life's a gamble," said Adam Dietz, who was interviewed in the town of Wyalusing as he oversaw operations at TransZ, a company that offloads sand from railcars onto trucks for use in gas-well drilling.
Dietz, who's the town's volunteer fire chief, too, stresses that he and others here are grateful for a boom when most of the nation struggles with high unemployment.
"It's change. And people hate change. But if it wasn't for this industry ... we'd be in tragic times right now. There's no other way to look at it," Dietz said.
Nearby tiny Towanda looks and feels like the bustling U.S.-Mexico trade corridor in South Texas. The rumble of diesel engines is everywhere as trucks haul the pipes, equipment, water and sand needed for hydraulic fracturing.
A new Best Western has gone up in a town that previously was known for quaint bed and breakfasts. At $169 a night, the hotel's almost always sold out. Room and board often must be found far away.
"I've had people visit here and they have to stay 40 or 50 or 60 miles away. The local hotels are booked up," said Amit Daga, the vice president of Towanda Metadyne Inc., a local manufacturer of mining products that use tungsten carbide, the second hardest material in the world, after diamonds.
Metadyne's tungsten carbide tips on hammer-drill bits are used to break rock formations deep below the Earth's surface. The drill bits are as wide as a garbage-can lid.
The boom keeps Lehigh Railway busy. The 56-mile rail line moved about 2,000 railcars into the area last year. This year the number is about 12,000, and 80-car trains are now common.
"Since I've been here, I have never seen an 80-car train. Since the 1970s we haven't had an 80-car train," said Ventello, the progress authority chief.
Lehigh Railway expects to move 15,000 railcars next year. It added more than six miles of new track this year and expects to add more next year, said Jim Raffa, the company's vice president of marketing.
"This is going to continue to grow. It's just at what percentage of growth rate," Raffa said.
Energy Information Administration report
Video: Pennsylvania sees a boom in natural gas production
Crime sends chills through retiree oasis in Mexico
As U.S. departs Iraq, it leaves two allies that aren't speaking
Brazil's economy starts to slow down
McClatchy's probe into roots of financial crisis, a Pulitzer finalist
To ask a question about this story or any economic question, go to McClatchy's economy Q&A


text:
|2003-11-07, 03:43
|Link #1
Join Date: Nov 2003
Alotta Last Exile Questions (spoiler)
1. Why was Maestro able to control exile without Aru?
2. Why does Aru have the power to control exile?
3. So are the guild aliens or something?
4. Wtf happend to Deo when he got put in the chamber. Then why did he go crazy at the end and get himself killed.
5. What is the relationship between Maestro and Deo...other then they are siblings. Why does she seem to turn him into a slave?
6. Why did Deo's friend Luciora turn into dust when he said he was Deo's friend?
7. What is the Exile?
8. What is the Mysterion...is it a spell that activates Aru's powers?
9. How did the engineers suddenly appear at the checkpoints when one minute ago they were in the Grand Stream?
|2003-11-07, 07:29
|Link #2
Join Date: Nov 2003
Location: over here!
|2003-11-11, 11:10
|Link #3
Senior Member
Join Date: Mar 2003
Location: Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
Age: 49
When the four Mysteriums are called out and Alvis gives the response to each one, a protection/activation level of Exile seems to be released or set in motion. When three are recited, the protective arms of Exile remain, and the ship itself seeks out a submerged device now frozen in a Deusis lake. Maybe the beam coming from the device provided power, navigation coordinates, or necessary operation instructions? Who knows? When all four have been recited, Exile can then be boarded and the Grand Stream is dispersed. (In fact, the Exile seems to use the Grand Stream as a front line defense.)
Here are the four Mysteriums and their responses which give many hints about the world of Prestair (sp?): Source: http://halo-productions.com/LastExile/
Elaclaire Mysterium:
"What lies beyond the sky..."
Alvis Reply:
"Leading the lost child back to the mother. EXILE"
Dagobel Mysterium:
"The wave that colors the earth in gold..."
Alvis Reply:
"The breath of spring that bringeth life. The wheat-covered earth."
Bashianus Mysterium:
"The path of the angel's descent..."
Alvis Reply:
"Thou art the path of the great winds. The Grand Stream."
Hamilton Mysterium:
"What lies beyond the memories..."
Alvis Reply:
"The place where everything comes from and everything returns to. The blue planet."
|2003-11-16, 06:40
|Link #5
The Man, The Legend......
Join Date: Nov 2003
Location: Redmond, WA
Age: 42
|2003-11-16, 09:20
|Link #6
Newbie arimasen
Join Date: Apr 2003
Location: Animesuki
I just double checked Ep17 and 26 again; and I don't think the one u mentioned resembles the guy in the ending.
Maybe Moran just haven't died yet since it still can be seen that the Dusis girl (forgot her name) is standing along with one kid and Alvis at the ending; meanwhile that Moran-guy looked-alike is holding another kid showing him the Immelman Turn.
So...it could be Moran and that Dusis girl married thus having 2 kids
|2003-11-17, 14:18
|Link #7
Senior Member
Join Date: Mar 2003
Location: Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
Age: 49
Moran is indeed alive. Go here if you want evidence. In the scene where we thought Moran died, Dounia was probably crying because this was her first battle and she lost many comrades. She also could have mistakenly thought that Moran was dead (having no medical experience). Either way, it was obvious that we were supposed to think he was probably dead.
The children are probably war orphans from either Deusis or Anatoure (or both). There has been a great deal of death all around. Since Claus and Lavi are orphans themselves, it makes perfect sense that they would open their home to other orphans and enlist the help of Tatiana, Alistia, Moran and Dounia, and use the fields around the house to grow wheat and livestock to feed them all.
|2003-11-17, 21:26
|Link #8
Join Date: May 2003
|2003-11-18, 21:16
|Link #10
Join Date: Jun 2003
Location: あんたの頭の中
Baka! Don't you recognize a model II Mecca-Moran when you see one?
Remember Moranitronics Corp. (TM) for all your Moran simulacra needs. (now running our fall special - buy a Moran and get your first medal of safe return free!)
|2003-11-20, 05:16
|Link #11
Join Date: May 2003
Location: On the Internet
Well Moran was shoot in his last battle, but it doesn't mean that he died.
Here are my questions:
What exactly did the EXILE do after the four Mysteriums were recited? As far as I can tell, beside removing its defensive mechanism and display some funny colours, all it did was get rid of the Grand Stream and maybe change the weather pattern. Was it really necessary to go through all that trouble to do that? EXILE itself doesn't seem to hold any true power. Also it was never really explained how the Guild was so more technologically advanced than the others.
|2003-11-20, 20:11
|Link #12
Join Date: Jun 2003
Location: あんたの頭の中
I think the Guild just hadn't degenerated as far as the rest. I could guess that they may have been decended from the techs or scientists of the original colony ship's crew, and over time horded their know-how to gain control over the others and keep them ignorant.
My question own question is were is the FIRST exile?
|2003-12-13, 00:59
|Link #13
Uber Coffee for da win!
Join Date: May 2003
Location: Middle of insanity
Couple of Last Exile questions
I've finally gotten around to watching Last Exile (man the OP just kicks **!!) and I've got some questions.
1. What kind of engine does the Vanship's have? Is it a pulse jet, or something else? 2. How do the vanships and the other vessles float?
3. Am I seeing things or do they rely on steam a lot? Am I to assume that they don't have gunpowder in their world and therefore rely on steam as an accelorant for their weapons?
4. WTH is that star shaped android ship?
5. What is the relationship between Clause and Ravey? Are they siblings? Partners? Dating each other? Or something else? (btw, Ravey is Cute. )
|2003-12-13, 01:21
|Link #14
little black butterfly
1. Its something that uses a technology not of our world... that's for sure.... Even their fuel is not something that exists.... which also answers question no. 2.
3. I don't think its steam but their fuel does rely on water alot....
4. The star shaped ship comes from the 'guild' of which they are aliens who probably came to earth to rule over the humans ..... (if this is earth) and from there they gave part of their ship technology to the humans which explains why their fuel and the way the vanship floats is hard to explain in real terms..... its not exactly an android ship but more like a mini mecha that's in the shape of a star so its still operated from the inside by one of the guild people....
5. Clause and Lavi are both kids of two best friends........ as in both clause and lavi's fathers were vanship pilots with Lavi's father being the navigator.... they both were very close and lived together since Lavi did not have a mom (whether she died or something I can't remember).
So both Clause and Lavi grew up together and were like siblings until they were older and I think in the animation there was some indication that they did sort of like each other..... but at the end it was understood that they managed to lie happily ever after together whether married or not I have no idea.... they're just together
Hope this helps
|2003-12-15, 11:20
|Link #15
Senior Member
Join Date: Mar 2003
Location: Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
Age: 49
As to where Last Exile is taking place...
This spoiler is revealed at the end of the series if you are paying enough attention to gather the clues scattered throughout the series. I would finish watching LE before reading this.
|2003-12-16, 15:47
|Link #17
Senior Member
1 & 2. The Claudia engines, well, can't really be described using our technology. The Guild gives them to the people of Anatore and Dusis, and they can be pulled out at any time.(As you see later on)
3. I don't really know...
4. You'll see later on. They're the Guild equivalent of Vanships, except much more advanced.
5. Really good friends, the best of. I think Lavi liked Claus, but I don't believe Claus thought of her as anything more than his best friend.
|2003-12-17, 18:12
|Link #18
Uber Coffee for da win!
Join Date: May 2003
Location: Middle of insanity
Thanks for the info guys. Those tidbits went to explaining a LOT in the series. Now it's making a lot more sence. Before I was totally confused as ****. Now this makes a whole lot more sence. I like it.
|2003-12-19, 01:29
|Link #19
Uber Coffee for da win!
Join Date: May 2003
Location: Middle of insanity
Wow, finally finished up the last of this, and all I gotta say is that this series has to rank as my #1 all time favorite. It's no wonder it got licenced. That's got to be the most well done anime I've ever seen. The ending was perfect and so much more. I kinda wish they would have explained some things a bit more, but there was enough told and enough hinted at to pick up everything. So I was happy with it.
Too bad they don't make more anime like this one. I have like zero complaints with this one. Definate two thumbs up.
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