text: This is for anyone that has trouble loading the Terms of Use on their mobile device. DISCLAIMER: This is not a substitute for the Terms of Use, which are liable to change at any time. This is for quick reference and I'll be keeping this updated as the ToU changes. ----- General Terms of Use ACCEPTANCE OF TERMS OF USE A Thinking Ape, Inc. (A Thinking Ape) owns and operates the online game Kingdoms at War. By accessing and using Kingdoms at War, you agree to be bound by these Terms of Use. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO ALL OF THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CONTAINED IN THESE TERMS OF USE, DO NOT USE KINGDOMS AT WAR IN ANY MANNER. A Thinking Ape reserves the right to limit or terminate your access to Kingdoms at War if you do not comply with these Terms of Use. A Thinking Ape reserves the right, at its sole discretion, to change, modify, update, add, or remove portions of the Terms of Use at any time, with or without notice to you. Please check these Terms of Use periodically for changes. 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Colorado poll: Pot hurts state's image
While most Colorado voters still support the legalization of recreational marijuana, a majority says the law harms the state's national image in a new poll on Monday.
Colorado voters say 51 percent to 38 percent that the law is bad for Colorado's image, according to a Quinnipiac poll released Monday.
Story Continued Below
Still, 58 percent of voters support the law compared with 39 percent who oppose it, more than Quinnipiac's last poll in August that found 54 percent to 41 percent support.
( Also on POLITICO: John Mica to probe 'schizophrenic' marijuana policy)
Though the bill was approved in 2012, the first legal sales of recreational marijuana began in the state last month.
Gov. John Hickenlooper, who is facing a tough reelection fight this year, gets fair marks on marijuana policy in the state. Voters approve of his handling of pot politics 53 percent to 34 percent.
A slim majority of Coloradans have tried marijuana, though very few have done so since the law went into effect. Fifty-one percent said they had tried marijuana, but only 10 percent of Colorado voters said they had used marijuana since the law went into effect Jan. 1.
( Also on POLITICO: Medical marijuana gains in South)
Quinnipiac surveyed 1,139 Colorado voters from Jan. 29 to Feb. 2 for the poll, which has an error margin of plus or minus 2.9 percentage points.

subset: commoncrawl


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Orla Klausen started working as a grammar school teacher in 1969, and at the same time, he created several historical comics. In 1981-82, his trilogy 'Jens Longknife' ('Jens Langkniv') was published, and in 1983, the first part of his 'The Scavenger Girl' ('Rakkertøsen') appeared. 'The Scyldings' ('Skjoldungerne'), written by Per Sanderhage, based on an old Danish heroic myth, was published in 1983 as well. In 1988, the newspaper B.T. started running Klausen's 'The Rebel Chief' ('Gøngehøvdingen'), which lasted until 1993, and was published in five albums. 'The Greedy' ('De Begærlige') was another black and white historical comic set in the 1600s, and the first album saw print in 1994.
Orla Klausen is one of the most talented comic artists bringing Denmark's rich history and mythology to life. Thanks to his skill and extensive research, his work is both informative and beautiful.
Jens Langniv (1981-82)


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Given the difficult economy the nation has seen in recent months, and the efforts by government to get it moving forward again, 2009 may long be remembered as the year of incentives.
Wow! What an interesting year this has been so far! We have been lucky enough to have some wonderful volunteers at Tri-County Community Action Agency. The citizens of our community have really been an asset to our seniors; however, we need a few more to assist in the aging services programs. As an incentive, Sage Hospitality is offering a free or discounted hotel stay in any of their 53 hotels in exchange for 8 hours of volunteer service at a 501(c)3 organization (that's us!). They call it Give a day Get a night and it is in effect until December 20, 2009.
It was the popular question last week. "Have you floated away yet?"
No, I told my mother, we hadn't. We live on a hill. Sort of.
After two years of scorching summers with not nearly enough rain to suit the tastes of local farmers, this has been one water-logged summer.
And as much as I know we need rain — but not in 1 inch, 30-minute downpours — sometimes I look at the sky and ask if enough isn't enough already.
The wild storms have given me some time to practice lightning photography ... with frustrating results.
Last week brought about many very positive changes for students and parents of Henry County High School and Middle School. One change appreciated by all is the turning lane that was installed in front of the middle school and high school campus. As anyone who travels that route can tell you, it is a very welcome addition. Parents, students, staff, bus drivers, community members and others just passing through are experiencing a much safer commute because of the efforts of State Representative Rick Rand, County Judge Executive John Logan Brent, and
Kentucky may technically be a land-locked state, but it certainly does not lack in shoreline. Lake Cumberland alone, for example, has almost as much as our country's entire Pacific coast, all 1,293 miles of it.
No state outside of Alaska has more streams and rivers, and our 1,500 miles of navigable waterways are double the length of our interstates.
In other words, we know water.
It was with that thought in mind that House and Senate leaders decided earlier this year to create a committee dedicated solely to our streams, rivers and lakes.
We can all agree America needs healthcare reform, and an important debate is taking place in this country about how to best achieve that. I think answers can be found in the story of the government's "Cash for Clunkers" and stimulus programs. The problems with these programs show why Americans are right to be skeptical of a government takeover of health care.
Congratulations to the Eminence Independent Schools for hiring Bill Covington and giving him a second chance! We in Eminence are so fortunate to have a fine school and dedicated school board. Our chairman has served many years, surely does not give up easily. I would certainly hope every man should have respect and deserves a second chance in life.
Now, my question, should this subject be the lead article in the county weekly newspaper?
Carolyn Giltner,
I have to say, I'm disappointed in this headline and its negativity. As a member of the community, president of the local bank, athletic booster, volunteer coach and parent, Bill Covington made numerous contributions to Eminence Independent Schools, the City of Eminence and Henry County. I think it speaks volumes for his character that he wants to come back to Eminence and make additional contributions to the school, the students and the future of our community, all the while knowing that there will be some people who just can't move on.
John Allgeier: A family man, a community man and a great person. While a magistrate, he was an active member of the Kentucky Magistrates and Commissioners Association and made many contributions to it. He believed in the purpose of the association and was always willing to help it along.
Having a national debate on health care reform is welcomed by President Obama. The trouble is, no sooner does the President call for "everyone to pitch in" and engage in the debate, that he vilifies anyone who criticizes his plans. Having a civil national debate will produce more lasting change; accusing opponents of engaging in scare tactics and fear mongering will not.
I was very sorry you chose to have the front page bold print July 29, 2009, Local edition state "From bank to jail to classroom." This article was totally uncalled for and was about Bill Covington, former president of the Farmers Deposit Bank.
With the recent death of former Henry County Magistrate John Allgeier, Henry County lost one of our truly dedicated citizens. Words can not express how much his friendship meant to me and to so many others whose lives he touched. Maybe he did a wedding for you or a family member. Maybe you called him about a road that needed repairing, or you met him while he was serving as a volunteer fireman. Maybe he told you a joke, or laughed with you at the stock yard sales. Maybe he was just there when you needed a friend.
The hiring of Bill Covington for EIS Special Education Teacher reinforces my continued admiration for the Eminence School Board, the Administration and Site Based Council. Mr. Covington is a distinguished educator and since 1983 has tirelessly served the school as a coach, mentor to numerous youth, teachers and the administrative staff. Mr. Covington's financial support enabled scholarships, enhanced many programs and helped make EIS become the respected institution we have now.
Any successful health care reform legislation must include three basic components: reform of existing government health care programs (like Medicaid and Medicare) to ensure efficiency and accessibility, reform the private market insurance system and enact tort reform to end frivolous lawsuits. Without all three, we will fail in our shared goal of reducing health care costs for families, businesses and the government.
Normally, mid-summer is not the time many of us think about weatherizing our homes, even if cooler temperatures in recent days have felt more like early fall.
If making our homes more energy efficient and saving money weren't enough, there are 70 million more reasons why Kentuckians should start thinking about taking on energy-saving projects. That is the amount of money Kentucky could receive for this program from the federal stimulus package that Congress approved in February to help local and state economies.
Our lead story this week is about a man who many have told me is a good man. A good man who, unfortunately, did a bad thing.
By many accounts, William J. Covington is a good person, a good community member. Some say the fact that he was convicted of bank fraud in U.S. District Court last year reflects only that his good intentions led him astray.
Nonetheless, Mr. Covington plead to, and was convicted of, a very serious federal charge.
My husband and I arrived at the Fairgrounds early Sat. morning for the ham breakfast — which was totally awesome. We left about ll when the black clouds started rolling in, but we had a wonderful time looking at all the exhibits and animals, talking with the Sheriff, the leather maker and the beautiful little lady from New Castle Methodist church who made the quilts, etc. My husand enjoyed the old tractors and I enjoyed Patrick Henry Hughes so much — what a wonderfully inspiring young man.
For years now, Kentucky has regularly been regarded as a safe state. The U.S. Census Bureau, for example, says we have the nation's 10th lowest violent crime rate.
Unfortunately, there are still far too many instances of those who find themselves on the wrong side of the law. According to the Kentucky State Police's latest annual statewide report, a serious crime occurred every four minutes and 15 seconds in 2008, for 122,000 overall.
Opening the refrigerator this morning to get cream for my coffee, I saw IT again on the second shelf near the back.
It is a half of a honeydew melon that for some reason has no sweetness. I made myself finish the first piece for breakfast two days ago and then I ate another slice for a pick-me-up that afternoon, but I just can't bring myself to eat any more of it and, as my husband has no interest, it sits there in the refrigerator.
In June, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi successfully forced passage of controversial cap and trade legislation (H.R. 2454) that will cost American families thousands of dollars each year in new energy costs. This legislation creates a national energy tax that is expected to increase utility bills, raise the price of a gallon of gas, push food prices to new heights and generally increase the cost of nearly every consumer product, including health care.
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The Henry County Local is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Eminence, KY and the surrounding area.


text: Glossary of Terms Adjuvant therapy (A-joo-vant THAYR-uh-pee): Treatment given after the primary treatment to increase the chances of a cure. Adjuvant therapy may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, or biological therapy. Anastrozole (an-AS-troh-zohl): An anticancer drug that is used to decrease estrogen production and suppress the growth of tumors that need estrogen to grow. It belongs to the family of drugs called aromatase inhibitors. Anesthesia (A-nes-THEE-zhuh): A loss of feeling or awareness caused by drugs or other substances. Anesthesia keeps patients from feeling pain during surgery or other procedures. Areola (a-REE-o-la): The area of dark-colored skin on the breast that surrounds the nipple. Aromatase inhibitor (uh-ROH-muh-tayz in-HIH-bih-ter): A drug that prevents the formation of estradiol, a female hormone, by interfering with an aromatase enzyme. Aromatase inhibitors are used as a type of hormone therapy for postmenopausal women who have hormone-dependent breast cancer. Atypical hyperplasia (AY-TIP-ih-kul HY-per-PLAY-zhuh): A benign (not cancer) condition in which cells look abnormal under a microscope and are increased in number. Axilla (ak-SIL-a): The underarm or armpit. Axillary lymph node (AK-sih-LAYR-ee limf): A lymph node in the armpit region that drains lymph from the breast and nearby areas. Benign (beh-NINE): Not cancer. Benign tumors may grow larger but do not spread to other parts of the body. Biopsy (BY-op-see): The removal of cells or tissues for examination by a pathologist. The pathologist may study the tissue under a microscope or perform other tests on the cells or tissue. There are many different types of biopsy procedures. The most common types include: (1) incisional biopsy, in which only a sample of tissue is removed; (2) excisional biopsy, in which an entire lump or suspicious area is removed; and (3) needle biopsy, in which a sample of tissue or fluid is removed with a needle. When a wide needle is used the procedure is called a core biopsy. When a thin needle is used, the procedure is called a fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Bone scan: A technique to create images of bones on a computer screen or on film. A small amount of radioactive material is injected into a blood vessel and travels through the bloodstream; it collects in the ones and is detected by a scanner. Brachytherapy (BRAY-kee-THAYR-uh-pee): A type of radiation therapy in which radioactive material sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters is placed directly into or near a tumor. Also called implant radiation therapy, internal radiation therapy, and radiation brachytherapy. BRCA1: A gene on chromosome 17 that normally helps to suppress cell growth. A person who inherits certain mutations (changes) in a BRCA1 gene has a higher risk of getting breast, ovarian, prostate, and other types of cancer. BRCA2: A gene on chromosome 13 that normally helps to suppress cell growth. A person who inherits certain mutations (changes) in a BRCA2 gene has a higher risk of getting breast, ovarian, prostate, and other types of cancer. Breast-conserving surgery (SER-juh-ree): An operation to remove the breast cancer but not the breast itself. Types of breast-conserving surgery include lumpectomy (removal of the lump), quadrantectomy (removal of one quarter, or quadrant, of the breast), and segmental mastectomy (removal of the cancer as well as some of the breast tissue around the tumor and the lining over the chest muscles below the tumor). Also called breast-sparing surgery. Breast-sparing surgery (SER-juh-ree): An operation to remove the breast cancer but not the breast itself. Types of breast-conserving surgery include lumpectomy (removal of the lump), quadrantectomy (removal of one quarter, or quadrant, of the breast), and segmental mastectomy (removal of the cancer as well as some of the breast tissue around the tumor and the lining over the chest muscles below the tumor). Also called breast-conserving surgery. Calcium (KAL-see-um): A mineral needed for healthy teeth, bones, and other body tissues. A deposit of calcium in body tissues, such as breast tissue, may be a sign of disease. Cancer (KAN-ser): A term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. Carcinoma (KAR-sih-NOH-muh): Cancer that begins in the skin or in the tissues that line or cover internal organs. Cell: The individual unit that makes up the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cells. Chemotherapy (KEE-moh-THAYR-uh-pee): Treatment with drugs that kill cancer cells. Chromosome (KROH-muh-some): Part of a cell that contains genetic information. Except for sperm and eggs, all human cells contain 46 chromosomes. Clinical breast exam: A physical exam of the breast performed by a health care provider to check for lumps or other changes. Also called CBE. Clinical trial: A type of research study that tests how well new medical approaches work in people. These studies test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. Also called clinical study. Contrast material: A dye or other substance that helps show abnormal areas inside the body. It is given by injection into a view, by enema, or by mouth. Contrast material may be used with x-rays, CT scans, MRI, or other imaging tests. Core biopsy (BY-op-see): The removal of a tissue sample with a wide needle for examination under a microscope. Also called core needle biopsy. CT scan: A series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body taken from different angles. The pictures are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. Also called CAT scan, computed tomography scan, computerized axial tomography scan, and computerized tomography. Cyst (sist): A sac or capsule in the body. It may be filled with fluid or other material. DES: A synthetic form of the hormone estrogen that was prescribed to pregnant women between about 1940 and 1971 because it was thought to prevent miscarriages. DES may increase the risk of uterine, ovarian, or breast cancer in women who took it. It also has been linked to carcinoma of the vagina or cervix in daughters exposed to DES before birth. Also called diethylstilbestrol. Diagnostic mammogram (MAM-o-gram): X-ray of the breasts used to check for breast cancer after a lump or other sign or symptom of breast cancer has been found. Digestive tract (dy-JES-tiv): The organs through which food and liquids pass when they are swallowed, digested, and eliminated. These organs are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and rectum and anus. Duct (duct): In medicine, a tube or vessel of the body through which fluids pass. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DUK-tal KAR-sih-NOH-muh in SYE-too): A noninvasive condition in which abnormal cells are found in the lining of a breast duct. The abnormal cells have not spread outside the duct to other tissues in the breast. In some cases, ductal carcinoma in situ may become invasive cancer and spread to other tissues, although it is not known at this time how to predict which lesions will become invasive. Also called DCIS and intraductal carcinoma. Estradiol (es-truh-DY-ol): A form of the hormone estrogen. Estrogen (ES-truh-jin): A type of hormone made by the body that helps develop and maintain female sex characteristics and the growth of long bones. Estrogens can also be made in the laboratory. They may be used as a type of birth control and to treat symptoms of menopause, menstrual disorders, osteoporosis, and other conditions. Excisional biopsy (ek-SIH-zhun-al BY-op-see): A surgical procedure in which an entire lump or suspicious area is removed for diagnosis. The tissue is then examined under a microscope. Exemestane (EK-seh- MEH-stayn): A drug used to treat advanced breast cancer and to prevent recurrent breast cancer in postmenopausal women who have already been treated with tamoxifen. It is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. Exemestane causes a decrease in the amount of estrogen made by the body. It is a type of aromatase inhibitor. Also called Aromasin. External radiation therapy (RAY-dee-AY-shun THAYR-uh-pee): A type of radiation therapy that uses a machine to aim high-energy rays at the cancer from outside the body. Also called external-beam radiation therapy. Fibrous: Containing or resembling fibers. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (as-per-AY-shun BY-op-see): The removal of tissue or fluid with a tin needle for examination under a microscope. Also called FNA biopsy. Gene: The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein. Genome (JEE-nome): The complete genetic material of an organism. Gland: An organ that makes one or more substances, such as hormones, digestive juices, sweat, tears, saliva, or milk. Goserelin (go-SAIR-uh-lin): A drug that belongs to the family of drugs called gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs. Goserelin is used to block hormone production in the ovaries or testicles. HER2/neu: A protein involved in normal cell growth. It is found on some types of cancer cells, including breast and ovarian. Cancer cells removed from the body may be tested for the presence of HER2/neu to help decide the best type of treatment. Also called c-erB-2, human EGF receptor 2, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Hodgkin lymphoma (HOJ-kin lim-FOH-muh): A cancer of the immune system that is marked by the presence of a type of cell called the Reed-Sternberg cell. Also called Hodgkin disease. Hormone receptor test (HOR-mone reh-SEP-ter): A test to measure the amount of certain proteins, called hormone receptors, in cancer tissue. Hormones can attach to these proteins. A high level of hormone receptors may mean that hormones help the cancer grow. Hormone therapy (HOR-mone THAYR-uh-pee): Treatment that adds, blocks, or removes hormones. For certain conditions (such as diabetes or menopause), hormones are given to adjust low hormone levels. To slow or stop the growth of certain cancers (such as prostate and breast cancer) synthetic hormones or other drugs may be given to block the body's natural hormones. Sometimes surgery is needed to remove the gland that makes a certain hormone. Also called endocrine therapy, hormonal therapy, and hormone treatment. Implant radiation therapy (RAY-dee-AY-shun THAYR-uh-pee): A type of radiation therapy in which radioactive material sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters is placed directly into or a near a tumor. Also called brachytherapy, internal radiation therapy, and radiation brachytherapy. Incisional biopsy (in-SIH-zhun-al BY-op-see): A surgical procedure in which a portion of al ump or suspicious area is removed for diagnosis. The tissue is then examined under a microscope to check for signs of disease. Inflammatory breast cancer (in-FLA-muh-TOR-ee): A type of breast cancer in which the breast looks red and swollen and feels warm. The skin of the breast may also show the pitted appearance called peau d-orange (like the skin of an orange). The redness and warmth occur because the cancer cells block the lymph vessels in the skin. Internal radiation therapy (in-TER-nul RAY-dee-AY-shun THAYR-uh-pee): A type of radiation therapy in which radioactive material sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters is placed directly into or a near a tumor. Also called brachytherapy, implant radiation therapy, and radiation brachytherapy. Intravenous (IN-truh-VEE-nus): Into or within a vein. Intravenous usually refers to a way of giving a drug or other substance through a needle or tube inserted into a vein. Also called IV. Invasive breast cancer (in-VAY-siv KAN-ser): Cancer that has spread from where it started in the breast into surrounding, healthy tissue. Most invasive breast cancers start in the ducts (tubes that carry milk from the lobules to the nipple). Invasive breast cancer can spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. Also called infiltrating breast cancer. Lapatinib (luh-PA-tih-nib): A drug used with another anticancer drug to treat breast cancer that is HER2 positive and has advanced or metastasized (spread to other parts of the body) after treatment with other drugs. Lapatinib is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. Also called TYKERB. Letrozole (LET-ruh-zole): A drug used to treat advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Letrozole causes a decrease in the amount of estrogen made by the body. It is a type of aromatase inhibitor. Also called Femara. Leukemia (loo-KEE-mee-uh): Cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow and causes large numbers of blood cells to be produced and enter the bloodstream. Leuprolide (LOO-pro-lide): A drug that blocks the body from making testosterone (a male hormone) and estradiol (a female hormone). It may stop the growth of cancer cells that need the hormone to grow. It is a type of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog. LH-RH agonist: A drug that inhibits the secretion of sex hormones. In men, LH-RH agonist causes testosterone levels to fall. In women, LH-RH agonist causes the levels of estrogen and other sex hormones to fall. Also called luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist. Lobe: A portion of an organ, such as the liver, lung, breast, thyroid, or brain. Lobular carcinoma in situ (LAH-byuh-ler KAR-sih-NOH-muh in SY-too): A condition in which abnormal cells are found in the lobules of the breast. Lobular carcinoma in situ seldom becomes invasive cancer; however, having it in one breast increases the risk of developing breast cancer in either breast. Also called LCIS. Lobule (LOB-yule): A small lobe or a subdivision of a lobe. Local therapy (THAYR-uh-pee): Treatment that affects cells in the tumor and the area close to it. Locally advanced cancer: Cancer that has spread from where it started to nearby tissue or lymph nodes. Lumpectomy (lum-PEK-toh-mee): Surgery to remove abnormal tissue or cancer from the breast and a small amount of normal tissue around it. It is a type of breast-sparing surgery. Lymph node (limf): A rounded mass of lymphatic tissue that is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue. Lymph nodes filter lymph (lymphatic fluid), and they store lymphocytes (white blood cells). They are located along lymphatic vessels. Also called lymph gland. Lymph vessel (limf): A thin tube that carries lymph (lymphatic fluid) and white blood cells through the lymphatic system. Also called lymphatic vessel. Lymphedema (LIM-fuh-DEE-muh): A condition in which excess fluid collects in tissue and causes swelling. It may occur in the arm or leg after lymph vessels or lymph nodes in the underarm or groin are removed or treated with radiation. Malignant (muh-LIG-nunt): Cancerous. Malignant tumors can invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. Mammogram (MAM-o-gram): An x-ray of the breast. Mastectomy (ma-STEK-toh-mee): Surgery to remove the breast (or as much of the breast tissue as possible). Medical oncologist (MEH-dih-kul on-KAH-loh-jist): A doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating cancer using chemotherapy, targeted therapy, hormonal therapy, and biological therapy. A medical oncologist often is the main health care provider for someone who has cancer. A medical oncologist also gives supportive care and may coordinate treatment given by other specialists. Menopausal hormone therapy (MEH-nuh-PAW-zul HOR-mone THAYR-uh-pee): Hormones (estrogen, progesterone, or both) given to women after menopause to replace the hormones no longer produced by the ovaries. Also called hormone replacement therapy and HRT. Menopause (MEH-nuh-PAWZ): The time of life when a woman's ovaries stop working and menstrual periods stop. Natural menopause usually occurs around age 50. A woman is said to be in menopause when she hasn't had a period for 12 months in a row. Symptoms of menopause include hot flashes, mood swings, night sweats, vaginal dryness, trouble concentrating, and infertility. Menstrual period (MEN-stroo-al): The periodic discharge of blood and tissue from the uterus. From puberty until menopause, menstruation occurs about every 28 days, but does not occur during pregnancy. Metastasis (meh-TAS-tuh-sis): The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another. A tumor formed by cells that have spread is called a "metastatic tumor" or a "metastasis." The metastatic tumor contains cells that are like those in the original (primary) tumor. The plural form of metastasis is metastases (meh-TAS-tuh-SEEZ). Metastatic (meh-tuh-STA-tik): Having to do with metastasis, which is the spread of cancer from one part of the body to another. Microcalcification (MY-kroh-KAL-sih-fih-KAYshun): A tiny deposit of calcium in the breast that cannot be felt but can be detected on a mammogram. A cluster of these very small specks of calcium may indicate that cancer is present. Modified radical mastectomy (RA-dih-kul ma-STEK-toh-mee): Surgery for breast cancer in which the breast, most or all of the lymph nodes under the arm, and the lining over the chest muscles are removed. Sometimes the surgeon also removes part of the chest wall muscles. MRI: A procedure in which radio waves and a powerful magnet linked to a computer are used to create detailed pictures of areas inside the body. These pictures can show the difference between normal and diseased tissue. MRI makes better images of organs and soft tissue than other scanning techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) or x-ray. MRI is especially useful for imaging the brain, the spine, the soft tissue of joints, and the inside of bones. Also called magnetic resonance imaging, NMRI, and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Neoadjuvant therapy (NEE-oh-A-joo-vant THAYRuh-pee): Treatment given as a first step to shrink a tumor before the main treatment, which is usually surgery, is given. Examples of neoadjuvant therapy include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy. It is a type of induction therapy. Oncology nurse (on-KAH-loh-jee): A nurse who specializes in treating and caring for people who have cancer. Ovarian cancer (oh-VAYR-ee-un KAN-ser): Cancer that forms in tissues of the ovary (one of a pair of female reproductive glands in which the ova, or eggs, are formed). Ovary (OH-vuh-ree): One of a pair of female reproductive glands in which the ova, or eggs, are formed. The ovaries are located in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus. Partial mastectomy (ma-STEK-toh-mee): The removal of cancer as well as some of the breast tissue around the tumor and the lining over the chest muscles below the tumor. Usually some of the lymph nodes under the arm are also taken out. Also called segmental mastectomy. Pathologist (puh-THAH-loh-jist): A doctor who identifies diseases by studying cells and tissues under a microscope. Physical therapist: A health professional who teaches exercises and physical activities that help condition muscles and restore strength and movement. Plastic surgeon (SER-jun): A surgeon who specializes in reducing scarring or disfigurement that may occur as a result of accidents, birth defects, or treatment for diseases. Plastic surgery (SER-juh-ree): An operation that restores or improves the appearance of body structures. Precancerous (pre-KAN-ser-us): A term used to describe a condition that may (or is likely to) become cancer. Also called premalignant. Progesterone (proh-JES-tuh-RONE): A type of hormone made by the body that plays a role in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Progesterone can also be made in the laboratory. It may be used as a type of birth control and to treat menstrual disorders, infertility, symptoms of menopause, and other conditions. Prosthesis (pros-THEE-sis): A device, such as an artificial leg, that replaces a part of the body. Radiation oncologist (RAY-dee-AY-shun on-KAHloh-jist): A doctor who specializes in using radiation to treat cancer. Radiation therapy (RAY-dee-AY-shun THAYR-uhpee): The use of high-energy radiation from x-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, protons, and other sources to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may come from a machine outside the body (external-beam radiation therapy), or it may come from radioactive material placed in the body near cancer cells (internal radiation therapy). Systemic radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance, such as a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, that travels in the blood to tissues throughout the body. Also called irradiation and radiotherapy. Radioactive (RAY-dee-oh-AK-tiv): Giving off radiation. Reconstructive surgeon (REE-kun-STRUK-tiv SERjun): A doctor who can surgically reshape or rebuild (reconstruct) a part of the body, such as a woman's breast after surgery for breast cancer. Recurrent cancer (ree-KER-ent KAN-ser): Cancer that has recurred (come back), usually after a period of time during which the cancer could not be detected. The cancer may come back to the same place as the original (primary) tumor or to another place in the body. Also called recurrence. Registered dietitian (dy-eh-TIH-shun): A health professional with special training in the use of diet and nutrition to keep the body healthy. A registered dietitian may help the medical team improve the nutritional health of a patient. Risk factor: Something that may increase the chance of developing a disease. Some examples of risk factors for cancer include age, a family history of certain cancers, use of tobacco products, certain eating habits, obesity, lack of exercise, exposure to radiation or other cancer-causing agents, and certain genetic changes. Screening mammogram (MAM-o-gram): X-rays of the breasts taken to check for breast cancer in the absence of signs or symptoms. Segmental mastectomy (seg-MEN-tul ma-STEK-tohmee): The removal of cancer as well as some of the breast tissue around the tumor and the lining over the chest muscles below the tumor. Usually some of the lymph nodes under the arm are also taken out. Also called partial mastectomy. Sentinel lymph node biopsy: Removal and examination of the sentinel node(s) (the first lymph node[s] to which cancer cells are likely to spread from a primary tumor). To identify the sentinel lymph node(s), the surgeon injects a radioactive substance, blue dye, or both near the tumor. The surgeon then uses a scanner to find the sentinel lymph node(s) containing the radioactive substance or looks for the lymph node(s) stained with dye. The surgeon then removes the sentinel node(s) to check for the presence of cancer cells. Side effect: A problem that occurs when treatment affects healthy tissues or organs. Some common side effects of cancer treatment are fatigue, pain, nausea, vomiting, decreased blood cell counts, hair loss, and mouth sores. Supportive care: Care given to improve the quality of life of patients who have a serious or life-threatening disease. The goal of supportive care is to prevent or treat as early as possible the symptoms of a disease, side effects caused by treatment of a disease, and psychological, social, and spiritual problems related to a disease or its treatment. Also called comfort care, palliative care, and symptom management. Surgeon (SER-jun): A doctor who removes or repairs a part of the body by operating on the patient. Surgery (SER-juh-ree): A procedure to remove or repair a part of the body or to find out whether disease is present. An operation. Surgical biopsy (SER-jih-kul BY-op-see): The removal of tissue by a surgeon for examination by a pathologist. The pathologist may study the tissue under a microscope. Systemic therapy (sis-TEH-mik THAYR-uh-pee): Treatment using substances that travel through the bloodstream, reaching and affecting cells all over the body. Tamoxifen (tuh-MOK-sih-FEN): A drug used to treat certain types of breast cancer in women and men. It is also used to prevent breast cancer in women who have had ductal carcinoma in situ (abnormal cells in the ducts of the breast) and in women who are at a high risk of developing breast cancer. It blocks the effects of the hormone estrogen in the breast. Targeted therapy (TAR-geh-ted THAYR-uh-pee): A type of treatment that uses drugs or other substances, such as monoclonal antibodies, to identify and attack specific cancer cells. Targeted therapy may have fewer side effects than other types of cancer treatments. Tissue (TISH-oo): A group or layer of cells that work together to perform a specific function. Total mastectomy (ma-STEK-toh-mee): Removal of the breast. Also called simple mastectomy. Trastuzumab (tras-TOO-zuh-mab): A monoclonal antibody that binds to HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2), and can kill HER2-positive cancer cells. Monoclonal antibodies are made in the laboratory and can locate and bind to substances in the body, including cancer cells. Trastuzumab is used to treat breast cancer that is HER2-positive and has spread after treatment with other drugs. It is also used with other anticancer drugs to treat HER2-positive breast cancer after surgery. Also called Herceptin. Tumor (TOO-mer): An abnormal mass of tissue that results when cells divide more than they should or do not die when they should. Tumors may be benign (not cancer), or malignant (cancer). Also called neoplasm. Ultrasound (UL-truh-SOWND): A procedure in which high-energy sound waves are bounced off internal tissues or organs and make echoes. The echo patterns are shown on the screen of an ultrasound machine, forming a picture of body tissues called a sonogram. Also called ultrasonography. X-ray: A type of high-energy radiation. In low doses, x-rays are used to diagnose diseases by making pictures of the inside of the body. In high doses, x-rays are used to treat cancer.


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For a manager to build relationships within their team based on trust they must reach a mutually beneficial or 'win-win' agreement. Identifying when and how to negotiate, understanding the interests, and reaching the agreement with your team members are skills expected of a successful manager.
This course includes a number of practical tools for adopting a win-win attitude with your co-workers


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William and Catherine A Royal Romance
William & Catherine: A Royal Romance, a Hallmark Channel Original Movie World Premiere, August 27
Hallmark Channel announces that "William & Catherine: A Royal Romance," a two-hour Hallmark Channel Original Movie from Emmy® Award-winning producer Linda Yellen ("Playing for Time") and Emmy® Award nominee Brad Krevoy ("Taking Chance") will have its World Premiere exclusively on the network, Saturday, August 27 (9 p.m. ET/PT, 8C).
In starring roles are four-time Oscar® nominee, 8-time Emmy® Award nominee (two wins, including "Playing for Time" with Executive Producer Linda Yellen) and three-time Golden Globe nominee Jane Alexander as HM QUEEN ELIZABETH, 6-time Emmy nominee and Broadway star Victor Garber ("Alias," "Will & Grace") as HRH PRINCE CHARLES, three-time Emmy Award winner Jean Smart ("Samantha Who?," "Frasier,") as the DUCHESS OF CORNWALL CAMILLA PARKER BOWLES, 23-year old English rose Alice St. Clair as CATHERINE MIDDLETON and newcomer Dan Amboyer ("Body of Proof") as HRH PRINCE WILLIAM. Stanley Edridge plays HRH PRINCE HARRY, Lesley Harcourt plays HRH PRINCESS DIANA and Mark Penfold plays HRH PRINCE PHILIP.
"William & Catherine: A Royal Romance" has Emmy® Award winner Linda Yellen ("Playing for Time) and Emmy® nominated Brad Krevoy as Executive Producers. Ms. Yellen's previous credits include "The Royal Romance of Charles and Diana," one of the most popular TV movies of all time. Brad Krevoy is the producer of more than 100 feature films, including the Emmy® nominated TV movie, "Taking Chance."
The Royal Wedding of Prince William of Wales to his sweetheart of eight years Catherine Middleton on April 29 showcased the best of Great Britain, becoming the most watched live event in history. For all its pomp, circumstance, pageantry, and great historical relevance, the union of William and Catherine is a fairytale tower of love that will captivate the world long into the future.
Hallmark Channel, owned and operated by Crown Media Holdings, Inc., is a 24-hour basic cable network that provides a diverse slate of high-quality entertainment programming available in high definition (HD) and standard definition (SD) to a national audience of 87.5 million subscribers. The top tier program service is distributed through more than 5,450 cable systems and communities as well as direct-to-home satellite services across the country. Hallmark Channel is the nation's leading network in quality family programming with an ambitious slate of original TV movies, lifestyle and general entertainment content, and is the home of "The Martha Stewart Show", which anchors the channel's new daytime HOME block. Hallmark Channel's sibling network is Hallmark Movie Channel, also available in HD and SD, which focuses on the family-friendly movies with a mix of classic theatrical films, presentations from the acclaimed Hallmark Hall of Fame library, original Hallmark Channel movies and special events.


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Items where Author / Artist / Editor is "Keuzenkamp, S."
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Book Section
Kofman, Eleonore, Roosblad, Judith and Keuzenkamp, S. (2009) Migrant and minority women, inequalities and discrimination in the labour market. In: Equal opportunities and ethnic inequality in European Labour Markets: discrimination, gender and policies of diversity. Kraal, Karen, Roosblad, Judith and Wrench, John, eds. IMISCOE Reports . Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 9789089641267


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549 0092
Ayurvedic Face & Shirodora Massage DVD
Learn how to evaluate each client according to the ancient Ayurvedic principle of the doshas; Vata, Pita and Kapha. Then learn one of the most popular Ayurvedic treatments- Shirodara. Your clients will love the warm stream of oil as it soothes the mind. Next K.P. will lead you step by step through a face and neck massage according to Ayurvedic principles!
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MAGNETOM Skyra
Maximize 3T.
MAGNETOM Skyra, as the top-of-the-line 70 cm 3T scanner, offers various technological features, aiding you in obtaining excellent image quality and maximizing 3T. Every case. Every day.
|Magnet System
|Field strength
|3 Tesla, Superconductor
|Bore size
|70 cm Open Bore Design
|Magnet length
|163 cm
|Helium consumption
|Zero Helium boil-off technology
|Passive and active shimming. Passive shimming during installation. Higher order shim standard.
|Gradient strength
|XQ Gradients (45 mT/m @200 T/m/s)
|RF technology
|Maximum number of channels1
|Number of independent receiver channels that can be used simultaneously in one single scan and in one single FoV, each generating an independent partial image
|24, 48, 64, 128
|Siting and Installation
|System length
|173 cm
|System weight (in operation)
|7.3 tons
|Power requirement
|84 kVA
|Minimum room size2
|31 m2
Related Products, Services & Resources
1Channels (coil elements) that can be connected simultaneously.
2Minimum total space requirement for magnet, electronics, and console room.


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997 St. Sebastian WayAugusta, GA 30912706-721-6597
1446 Harper StreetAugusta, GA 30912706-721-5437 (KIDS)
1003 Chafee Ave.Augusta, GA 30912 706-721-2426
1447 Harper StreetAugusta, GA 30912-5536706-721-CARE (2273)
1120 15th StreetAugusta, GA 30912706-721-2273 (CARE)
1411 Laney Walker Blvd.Augusta, GA 30912706-721-6744
821 St. Sebastian WayAugusta, GA 30912706-721-2971
1220 West Wheeler PkwyAugusta, GA 30909
6135 Roosevelt Highway Warm Springs, GA 31830
2011 Westend DriveGreensboro, GA 30642
The Dialysis Center is directed by faculty members of the section of nephrology. Outpatient programs at the center include in-center chronic hemodialysis and home peritoneal dialysis. The chronic hemodialysis unit has 23 outpatient stations. The home peritoneal dialysis service currently supports about 40 patients. The staff of both units are specially trained to provide the full range of outpatient dialysis services to include high-efficiency hemodialysis and automated peritoneal dialysis treatments. Support staff includes a social worker, dietitian and reimbursement specialist.
The inpatient hemodialysis service is equipped with six stations. A continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) program is in place to provide all forms of continuous critical care dialysis. The inpatient peritoneal dialysis program provides inpatient peritoneal dialysis support to hospitalized patients (CAPD, manifold, cycler). These services provide dialytic support for patients with acute renal failure and chronic dialysis patients who are hospitalized at the Medical Center at Augusta University Hospitals and Clinics.
The inpatient dialysis service works closely with Augusta University Department of Surgery in the areas of kidney transplantation and vascular access surgery to provide dialysis support for patients referred to Medical Center at Augusta University.
Medical Director – Chronic Dialysis Center
William Paulson, MD 706-721-2861
Medical Director – Acute Hemodialysis Unit
Harold Szerlip, MD 706-721-1450
Hours: Mon-Fri 7:30am-5:30pmMore contact info
Augusta University Medical Center
1120 15th Street Augusta, GA 30912


text: Stout's caters to groups of all sizes with a diverse fleet. Choose from 20, 29, 30, 38, and 56 passenger coaches and buses to get you and your group to your next big event. With professional drivers and experienced staff, Stout's Transportation provides superior services for all of our clients.


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Nvidia fills out Quadro DirectX 10 line-up
Entry-level and mid-range cards added
Nvidia has expanded its line of workstation and business-oriented graphics products with a quartet of cards designed to fill out its low-end and mid-range product grid.
Moving up the line, the Quadro FX 370 augments the existing FX 350 with DirectX 10 support and a pair of dual-link DVI ports in place of one DVI and one VGA connector. With 256MB of DDR 2 graphics Ram on board, it doubles the FX 350's memory complement.
The new FX 570 likewise takes the old FX 560's spec and doubles the memory to 256MB - though there's a downgrade in memory type, from GDDR 3 to DDR 2 - and adds DirectX 10 support. The FX 570 loses the FX 560's HDTV output port - it still has two DVI connectors - and its memory is clocked lower, bringing the bandwidth down from 19.2GBps to 12.8GBps.
A more drastic memory bandwidth reduction can be seen with the new FX 1700: its 512MB of DDR 2 is double the old FX 1500's 256MB of GDDR 3, but its connected over a 128-bit bus, half the width of the FX 1500's. The upshot: the FX 1700 has a memory bandwidth of 12.8GBps to the FX 1500's 40GBps.
Both cards have two dual-link DVI ports and an HDTV connector, but - again - the new card has DirectX 10 support to its predecessor's DirectX 9.
The boards also support Nvidia's Cuda architecture for running scientific number-crunching routines on the graphics chip rather than the host computer's own processor.
Nvidia also introduced the Quadro NVS 290, like the rest of its family a 2D card developed for multi-monitor rigs in trading rooms and the like. The new model has 256MB of DDR 2 memory, up from the NVS 285's 64MB of DDR. It supports digital displays at up to 1920 x 1200 and analogue screens at up to 2048 x 1536.
Available now, the four cards are respectively priced at $129 (£64/€93), $199 (£98/€143), $699 (£344/€503) and, for the NVS 290, $149 (£73/€107).


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Levi & Korsinsky announces that a class action lawsuit has been commenced in the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico on behalf of investors who purchased Doral Financial Corp. ("Doral" or the "Company") (NYSE: DRL) common stock between April 2, 2012 and May 1, 2014. For more information, click here: http://zlk.9nl.com/doral-financial-drl. The complaint alleges that throughout the Class Period defendants misrepresented and/or failed to disclose that: (a) the Company had a material weakness in its internal controls regarding financial reporting and disclosure, and as a result such controls were ineffective; (b) the Company had under-reserved for loan losses, and as a result the Company's assets and net income were overstated while its expenses were understated, and the Company did not meet its Tier I regulatory capital requirements. On May 1, 2014, the Company announced that the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the "FDIC") had advised Doral that it could not include some or all of its receivables from the Puerto Rican government in its calculation of Tier 1 capital. These receivables account for approximately $289 million of the bank's approximately $679 million of Tier 1 Capital as of December 31, 2013. If you suffered a loss in Doral you have until July 14, 2014 to request that the Court appoint you as lead plaintiff. Your ability to share in any recovery doesn't require that you serve as a lead plaintiff. To obtain additional information, contact Joseph E. Levi, Esq. either via email at firstname.lastname@example.com or by telephone at (212) 363-7500, toll-free: (877) 363-5972, or visit http://zlk.9nl.com/doral-financial-drl. Levi & Korsinsky is a national firm with offices in New York, New Jersey, Connecticut and Washington D.C. The firm's 26 attorneys have extensive expertise in prosecuting securities litigation involving financial fraud, representing investors throughout the nation in securities and shareholder lawsuits. For more information, please feel free to contact any of the attorneys listed below. Attorney advertising. Prior results do not guarantee similar outcomes.
CONTACT:Levi & Korsinsky, LLPJoseph Levi, Esq.Eduard Korsinsky, Esq.30 Broad Street - 24th FloorNew York, NY 10004Tel: (212) 363-7500Toll Free: (877) 363-5972Fax: (866) 367-6510 www.zlk.com


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356/12/Friday 11h01
Published on ONJava.com (http://www.onjava.com/) http://www.onjava.com/pub/a/onjava/2003/11/12/classloader.html See this if you're having trouble printing code examples
A combination of the class type and effective class loader. java.lang.Class: A class in the JDK that represents a class (name, fields, methods, etc.).
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Symbolic Link:
A class type used within the source code, such as superclasses, extended interfaces, variables, parameters, return values, instanceofs, and upcasts.
Class loaders and their usage follow a few simple rules: Class loaders are hierarchically organized, where each one has a parent class loader, except the bootstrap class loader (the root). Class loaders should (practically: must) delegate the loading of a class to the parent, but a custom class loader can define for itself when it should do so. A class is defined by its class type and the effective class loader. A class is only loaded once and then cached in the class loader to ensure that the byte code cannot change. Any symbolic links are loaded by the effective class loader (or one of its ancestors), if this is not already done. The JVM can defer this resolution until the class is actually used. An upcast of an instance to another class fails when the class of the instance and the class of the symbolic link do not match (meaning their class loaders do not match). Now I want to put on some meat to these bare-bone rules to provide better understanding.
Figure 1. Class loader hierarchy example As shown in Figure 1, the bootstrap class loader (BS) loads the classes from the JVM, as well as extensions to the JDK. The system class loader (CP) loads all of the classes provided by the CLASSPATH
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environment variable or passed using the -classpath argument to the java command. Finally we have several additional class loaders, where A1-3 are children of the CP, and B1-2 are children of A3. Every class loader (except BS) has a parent class loader, even if no parent is provided explicitly; in the latter case, the CP is automatically set as the parent. That alone does not mean much but has a big impact on class-loading delegation. The Javadoc of java.lang.ClassLoader specifies that any class loader must first delegate the loading of a class to the parent, and only if this fails does it try to load the class itself. Actually, the class loader does not care about which one gets the bytes of the class, but rather which one calls defineClass(). In this final method, an instance of class java.lang.Class is created and cached in the class loader so that the byte code of a class cannot change on a following request to load the class. This method also checks that the given class name matches the class name in the byte code. Because this method is final, no custom class loader can change this behavior. As previously mentioned, a class loader must delegate the loading of a class (although a developer can override loadClass() and change this behavior). On one hand, if loading of system classes is not delegated, an application could provide malicious code for JDK classes and introduce a ton of problems. On the other hand, all classes at least extend java.lang.Object, and this class must be resolved, too. Thus the custom class loader has to load this class by itself, otherwise the load fails with a linkage error. These two facts imply that a custom class loader has to delegate class loading. In JDK 1.4, two of the three versions of defineClass() throw a SecurityException if the given class name starts with "java", while the third version is deprecated due to these security concerns. I want to stress the fact here that there is a difference between the class loader that starts the process of loading the class and the one that actually loads (defines) the class. Assuming that in our example no class loader delegates the loading of a class to one of its children, any class is either loaded by the Initial CL or by one of its ancestors. Let us assume that a class A contains a symbolic link to class B that in turn contains a symbolic link to class C. The class loader of C can never be a child of the class loader of B or of A. Of course, one should never say "never," and yes, it is possible to break this rule, but like multiple inheritance in C++, this is "black belt" programming. Related Reading
Java Enterprise Best Practices By The O'Reilly Java Authors Table of Contents Index Sample Chapter Read Online--Safari Search this book on Safari:
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A more prominent exception of the JDK delegation model of "delegating first" is the class loader for a web container described in the servlet specification. This one tries to load a class first by itself before it delegates to the parent. Nevertheless, some classes, such as java.*, javax.*, org.xml.sax.* and others, are delegated first to the parent. For more information, please check out the Tomcat 5.0 documentation.
Class Linking
After a class is defined with defineClass(), it must be linked in order to be usable by the final resolveClass() method. Between this method call and the first usage of a symbolic link, the class type
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is loaded by the class loader of the containing class as Initial CL. If any linked class (type) cannot be loaded, the method will throw a linkage error ( java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError). Keep in mind that the resolution of symbolic links is up to the JVM and can be done anywhere between the loading of the containing class (eager resolution or C-style) and the first actual usage of the symbolic link (lazy resolution). It can happen that a symbolic link is in a class and if it is never used, the linked class will never be loaded such as in this example with JDK 1.4.2 on Windows 2000:
public class M { // In JDK 1.4.2 on W2K this class can be used // fine even if class O is not available. public O mMyInstanceOfO; }
whereas this class will fail with a linkage error if the class O cannot be loaded:
public // // // // } class M { In JDK 1.4.2 and W2K the creation of an instance of M will FAIL with a NoClassDefFoundError if class O is not available public O mMyInstanceOfO = new O();
and to make matters a little bit more complicated, it only fails when an instance is created:
// Fine because in JDK 1.4.2 on W2K class // linking is done lazy Class lClassM = Class.forName("M"); // Fails with NoClassDefFoundError Object lObject = lClassM.newInstance();
For more information, please read Chapter 12: "Execution" in the Java Language Specification.
Class Definition
To a beginner, a class is identified solely by the class type. As soon as you start to deal with class loaders, this is no longer the case. Provided that class type M is not available to CP, A1 and A2 could load the same class type M with different byte code. Even when the byte code would be the same from a Java point of view, these classes are different, no matter if the byte code is the same or not. To avoid ambiguities, a class is identified by its class type as well as the Effective CL, and I will use the notation <Class Name>-<Class Loader>. So for this case, we have classes M-A1 and M-A2. Imagine we also have another class, Test-A1, with a method upcastM() that looks like this:
public void upcastM(Object pInstance) throws Exception { M lM = (M) pInstance; }
Because the class Test is loaded by A1, its symbolic link M is also loaded by A1. So we are going to upcast a given object to M-A1. When this method is called with an instance of the class M-A1 as an argument, it will return successfully, but if it is called with an instance of M-A2, it will throw a ClassCastException because it is not the same class, according to the JVM. Even with reflection this rule is enforced, because both java.lang.Class.newInstance() and java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance() return an instance of class java.lang.Object-BS. Unless only reflection is used during the lifetime of this object, the instance has to be upcast at some
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point. In the case of only using reflection to avoid conflicts, any arguments of a method still be subject to an upcast to the class of the method signature and therefore the classes must match, otherwise you get a java.lang.IllegalArgumentException due to the ClassCastException.
The sample code may help the reader to better understand the concepts described above and, later, to do their own investigations. In order to run the sample code, just extract it in the directory of your choice and execute the ant build script in the classloader.part1.basics directory. It has three directories: main, version_a, and version_b. The main directory contains the startup class Main.java as well as the custom class loader that will load classes from a given directory. The other two directories both contain one version of M.java and Test.java. The class Main will first create two custom class loaders each loading classes, after delegating to the parent class loader, from either the version_a or version_b directories. Then it will load the class M by each of these two class loaders and create an instance through reflection:
// Create two class loaders: one for each dir. ClassLoader lClassLoader_A = new MyClassLoader( "./build/classes/version_a" ); ClassLoader lClassLoader_B = new MyClassLoader( "./build/classes/version_b" ); // Load Class M from first CL and // create instance Object lInstance_M_A = createInstance( lClassLoader_A, "M" ); // Load Class M from second CL and // create instance Object lInstance_M_B = createInstance( lClassLoader_B, "M" );
In order to test an upcast, I need a class where the Effective CL is one of the custom class loaders. I then use reflection in order to invoke a method on them because I cannot upcast them because Main is loaded by the CP:
// Check the upcast of a instance of M-A1 // to class M-A1. This test must succeed // because the CLs match. try { checkUpcast( lClassLoader_A, lInstance_M_A ); System.err.println( "OK: Upcast of instance of M-A1" + " succeeded to a class of M-A1" ); } catch (ClassCastException cce) { System.err.println( "ERROR: Upcast of instance of M-A1" + " failed to a class of M-A1" ); } // Check the upcast of a instance of M-A2 to // class M-A1. This test must fail because // the CLs does not match. try { checkUpcast( lClassLoader_A, lInstance_M_B );
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System.err.println( "ERROR: upcast of instance of M-A2" + " succeeded to a class of M-A1" ); } catch (ClassCastException cce) { System.err.println( "OK: upcast of instance of M-A2 failed" + " to a class of M-A1" ); }
The checkUpcast() loads the class Test through reflection and calls the Test.checkUpcast() method, which makes a simple upcast:
private static void checkUpcast( ClassLoader pTestCL, Object pInstance ) throws Exception { try { Object lTestInstance = createInstance( pTestCL, "Test" ); Method lCheckUpcastMethod = lTestInstance.getClass().getMethod( "checkUpcast", new Class[] { Object.class } ); lCheckUpcastMethod.invoke( lTestInstance, new Object[] { pInstance } ); } catch( InvocationTargetException ite ) { throw (ClassCastException) ite.getCause(); } }
Afterwards, there are some tests that do the same thing, but check the upcast restriction against reflection to ensure that reflection cannot compromise the rules posted at the beginning of the article. The last test checks the linking of symbolic links. On Windows 2000 and JDK 1.4.2, it will also show the lazy loading of classes because the loading of the class succeeds, whereas the creation of the instance eventually fails:
// Load a class N that has a symbolic link to // class O that was removed so that the class // resolving must fail try { // Upcast ClassLoader to our version in // order to access the normally protected // loadClass() method with the resolve // flag. Even the resolve flag is set to // true the missing symbolic link is only // detected in W2K and JDK 1.4.2 when the // instance is created. Class lClassN = ( (MyClassLoader) lClassLoader_A).loadClass( "N", true ); // Finally when the instance is created // any used symbolic link must be resolved // and the creation must fail lClassN.newInstance(); System.err.println( "ERROR: Linkage error not thrown even" + "class O is not available for" + " class N" ); } catch( NoClassDefFoundError ncdfe ) {
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System.err.println( "OK: Linkage error because class O" + " could not be found for class N" ); }
Please note that in the directory version_a there is a class named O.java, because in order to compile the class N.java, this class is needed. However, the ant build script will remove the compiled class O.class before the test is started.
As long as a Java developer does not deal with his or her own class loader, all of the classes are loaded by the bootstrap and system class loader, and there will never be a conflict. Thus, it seems that a class is defined only by the fully qualified class name. As soon as there are sibling class loaders -- neither a parent of the other -- a class type can be loaded multiple times with or without different byte code. The class loader also defines the visibility of a class type because any upcast checks against the class name as well as its class loaders. To use the currency analogy, this is expressed by the fact that you can have several currencies in your wallet, but as soon as you want to use one, the cashier will check if your money is of the local currency. Still, you can carry these currencies in your pocket wherever you go, and likewise, you can carry around instances of classes even when they are unknown or not compatible in a particular class, as long as the class of the reference is compatible there. Luckily in Java, java.lang.Object is the superclass of all instances and is loaded by the BS, which is the parent of all class loaders no matter what. This means a reference of a class java.lang.Object is always compatible. I think of this as a "tunneling through" of classes from one compatible island to the next -- something that is very important in J2EE, as will be shown in a future installment. My analogy with the currencies is very simplified, because it implies that all classes have the same visibility due to the single border of a country. The analogy is based on the two-dimensional world map, whereas with Java class loaders, each level within the hierarchy of the class loaders is adding a new layer and building up a three-dimensional space. Additional class loaders enable a Java developer to write modular applications where the visibility of classes is restricted, and therefore, multiple class types can be loaded and managed. Nevertheless, it requires effort to understand the used class loaders and the organization of the classes and class loaders. As with threads, class loading is a runtime behavior that is not obviously visible to the developer, and requires experience and testing to understand and utilize. Now that the groundwork is laid, we can finally delve into the usage of class loaders. In the next article, we will see how class loaders can be used in a J2EE application server to manage deployments and what the effects are on invocations through local or remote interfaces. Afterwards, we will see how advanced class loaders make it possible to drop class types or massage the code in order to add "Advices" (AOP) at runtime without changing or recompiling your code. Andreas Schaefer is a system architect for J2EE at SeeBeyond Inc., where he leads application server development. Return to ONJava.com.
Copyright 2006 O'Reilly Media, Inc.
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text:
7 reasons we've missed 'The Walking Dead' [Pictures]
It has been a long, cold two months since the last new episode of "The Walking Dead," but the wait is over. At 9 p.m. Feb. 10, our favorite zombie melodrama returns to the airwaves with a new episode, "The Suicide King." Click through to see why we've missed this show so bad.
By Andrew Conrad, email@example.com
Copyright © 2019, Daily Press


text:
The art works, which Hitler bought in Germany during the Second World War, had been moved to Czechoslovakia after it was occupied by the Nazis to prevent them being damaged by Allied attacks.
On Monday, author Jiri Kuchar put seven of the paintings on display for reporters at the convent in Doksany in northern Czech Republic where he had identified them. Today, he said, they are probably worth about 50 million koruna ($2.7 million).
"Nobody believed me it could be true," Kuchar said of his findings. The author, who calls himself "an amateur and enthusiast," has written about his findings.
Kuchar said Hitler bought the 16 paintings – by German artists such as Franz Eichhorst, Paul Herrmann, Sepp Hilz, Friedrich W. Kalb, Oscar Oestreicher, Edmund Steppes and Armin Reumann – in 1942 and 1943 at the Great German art exhibitions that were held annually in Munich from 1937 to 1944.
The German institute whose database includes the works and their buyers – Zentralinstitut fur Kunstgeschichte in Munich – confirmed Hitler's ownership to The Associated Press. Its art experts said Tuesday that while "interesting," the collection is of "low" value.
As a former artist, Hitler was an art lover and collector. Countless paintings, many done by major European painters, were seized by the Nazis during the Second World War.
At one point, Hitler's private collection, known as the "Linz Collection," included almost 5,000 works, and the Nazis had once planned to create a museum for them in Linz, Austria.
In addition to the seven works identified at the convent, Kuchar found seven more that Hitler had once owned at the northern Czech chateau of Zakupy, and one each at the Military History Institute in Prague and the Faculty of Law of Charles University in Prague.
Some contain obvious signs of Nazi propaganda, the author said.
During the occupation, it is believed that the 16 works were part of Hitler's collection of more than 70 pieces of contemporary German art that the Third Reich stored at a monastery in the southern Czech town of Vyssi Brod, together with larger collections of valuable paintings stolen from Jewish families in Europe.
Christian Fuhrmeister of the German institute said Vyssi Brod was one of the depots where such seized art works were relocated to prevent damage caused by Allied air forces.
After the war, valuable paintings possessed by the Nazis were confiscated by the U.S. Army and taken to the Munich Central Collection Point in an effort to return them to their original owners. Many less valuable works were left behind after the 1945 liberation of Czechoslovakia and ended up scattered across the country.
Fourteen of the 16 works that Kuchar has identified as former Hitler possessions are now owned by the Czech National Institute for the Protection and Conservation of Monuments and Sites, and it doesn't plan to sell them or put them on public display.
"They will remain in the depositary," said Ivana Chovancova, an official at the institute.
Kuchar discovered the 16 works after investigating leads from the book "Hitler's Salon" by Swiss author Ines Schlenker, which listed Hitler's art purchases at the art exhibitions in Munich during the war.
Source: AP


text:
Stem Cell Transplants
What Are Stem Cells?
Cells make up every living thing — including the human body. They're microscopic, but powerful. For example, white blood cells help fight germs. Beta cells make to control sugars in our bodies. Melanocytes give skin its color.
Most of the time, each cell has a specific job to do. One cell can't do what another cell can. So cells work as a team, grouping together to make up our tissues and organs.
But one type of cell is different. Stem cells can develop into cells with different skills.
What Are Blood Stem Cells?
The term stem cell transplants usually refers to hematopoietic (heh-mat-uh-poy-ET-ik) stem cells. These are made in the and form blood and immune system cells. Hematopoietic stem cells can become any of three different types of blood cells:
- red blood cells that carry oxygen
- white blood cells that fight infection
- platelets that help blood to clot
Besides being able to turn into different types of cells, stem cells can also replicate. This means they can create new stem cells to keep the body healthy.
What Is a Stem Cell Transplant?
A stem cell transplant involves taking healthy stem cells and putting them into the bloodstream of someone who is sick. This is done through an (IV) line. It's similar to having a blood transfusion.
When the stem cells get inside the person's body, they start making healthy new blood, bone marrow, and immune system cells.
Why Are Stem Cell Transplants Done?
Stem cell transplants can help people with:
- severe blood or immune system illnesses
- some kinds of cancer
- non-cancerous diseases, such as serious immune deficiency problems, diseases (like lupus), or blood disorders (thalassemia or sickle cell disease, for example)
With cancer, the body's cells grow in a way that's not normal. These cells can spread throughout the body. With immune system diseases like lupus, the immune system goes haywire and may damage healthy cells in the body. To fix these problems, doctors destroy damaged or abnormal cells and replace them with transplanted stem cells. The stem cells then replicate and turn into healthy cells.
Where Do the Stem Cells Come From?
Doctors get hematopoietic stem cells from three different places:
- bone marrow
- the bloodstream
- umbilical cord blood after the cord is no longer attached to a newborn baby
A person who provides the stem cells is called a donor. Using donor cells is called an allogeneic (al-low-juh-NEE-ik) transplant.
When stem cells come from a donor:
- Donors are often siblings. Sometimes, parents will keep a newborn's umbilical cord blood for this purpose. But donors can also be other family members or even volunteers who aren't related to a patient.
- Before they collect stem cells, doctors do tests to be sure the cells are a good match. If the patient and donor blood and tissue types don't match, the patient's body may reject the donor's stem cells.
Donors don't have to be other people — sometimes people can act as their own donor. This is called an autologous (aw-TOL-uh-gus) transplant.
When people donate their own stem cells:
- Doctors remove stem cells from either the blood or bone marrow. They do this before the person gets treatments like chemotherapy or radiation. This is called harvesting the stem cells. The stem cells are then frozen.
- After the person has had chemo or radiation, the thawed cells are put back inside the body. Doctors may transplant new stem cells more than once — it depends on what a patient needs.
Transplanting stem cells is a complicated process. It might take several months to decide if a patient is a good candidate and find the best donor.
What Happens Before the Transplant?
After finding a good donor, doctors collect the stem cells. They do this by:
- collecting stem cells from the donor's hip bone
- taking blood from the donor, collecting the stem cells, and returning the blood to the donor's body
Sometimes doctors get the stem cells from umbilical cord blood stored in a cord blood bank.
The next step is conditioning therapy. The medical team gives the patient high doses of chemotherapy and/or radiation to kill the unhealthy cells causing the illness. Sometimes the patient gets other types of medicines that don't kill the cells, but that weaken the immune system instead.
Wiping out unhealthy cells or weakening the immune system might sound scary. But it can be helpful. Destroying bone marrow makes room for new stem cells to take hold. And a weak immune system isn't as likely to jump into high gear and attack the new cells. So there's less chance that the body will reject the new cells.
What Happens During the Transplant?
The actual transplant is done through an infusion. This is when the stem cells are put in the patient's body through an IV line.
What Happens After the Transplant?
Patients are closely watched after a stem cell infusion. The medical team will make sure the new stem cells settle into the bone marrow and begin to make new blood cells (called engrafting).
Engrafting usually takes about 2 weeks, but can be as quick as 1 week or as long as 6 weeks. The medical team gives the patient medicines to promote engrafting and prevent problems.
What Problems Can Happen?
If another person donated the stem cells, doctors will watch for signs of:
- rejection: Even if a donor is a good match, the body may still reject the transplant. This means the body's immune cells destroy the transplanted stem cells because they sense they are foreign.
- graft-versus-host disease: This is when the transplanted donor cells attack the patient's body. It can be serious, but doctors usually can treat it with steroids and other medicines.
How Long Does it Take to Recover?
Before a child goes home from the hospital, doctors make sure that:
- the transplant succeeded
- the child is doing well
Going home doesn't mean going back to normal life right away. The risk of infection means that it might be 3 months or more before a child can go back to school, visit the mall, or go to a sporting event. That's because even a simple infection like a cold can be life-threatening for kids whose immune systems need time to recover.
Looking Ahead
Having a child being treated for cancer or another serious condition can be stressful for any family. Stem cell transplants involve long isolation periods, which can add to the stress.
Your child's health care team knows how tough that can be, and how important it is to get emotional support. Your child's doctor, a hospital social worker, or child life specialist can help you get through this difficult time, so be sure to ask.
- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
- Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
- Leukemia
- Words to Know: Transplants
- Neutropenia
- Neuroblastoma
- Aspiration and Biopsy: Bone Marrow
- Alpha Thalassemia
- Beta Thalassemia
- Caring for a Seriously Ill Child
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
- Wilms Tumor
- Cord Blood Banking
- Lymphoma
- Non-Hodgkin (Non-Hodgkin's) Lymphoma
- Sickle Cell Disease
- Blood
- Lupus
Note: All information is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor.
© 1995- KidsHealth® All rights reserved.
Images provided by The Nemours Foundation, iStock, Getty Images, Veer, Shutterstock, and Clipart.com.


text:
ICD-10 Code M80.072D
Age-related osteoporosis with current pathological fracture, left ankle and foot, subsequent encounter for fracture with routine healing
|Short Description:
|Age-rel osteopor w crnt path fx, l ank/ft, 7thD
|Long Description:
|Age-related osteoporosis with current pathological fracture, left ankle and foot, subsequent encounter for fracture with routine healing
Valid for Submission
ICD-10 M80.072D is a billable code used to specify a medical diagnosis of age-related osteoporosis with current pathological fracture, left ankle and foot, subsequent encounter for fracture with routine healing. The code is valid for the year 2019 for the submission of HIPAA-covered transactions.
Code Classification
- Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00–M99)
Information for Medical Professionals
Code Edits
The Medicare Code Editor (MCE) detects and reports errors in the coding of claims data. The following ICD-10 Code Edits are applicable to this code:
- Adult diagnoses - Adult. Age range is 15–124 years inclusive (e.g., senile delirium, mature cataract).
Convert M80.072D to ICD-9
The following crosswalk between ICD-10 to ICD-9 is based based on the General Equivalence Mappings (GEMS) information:
- V54.26 - Aftrcare path fx low leg (Approximate Flag)
The following clinical terms are approximate synonyms:
- Pathological fracture of ankle
- Pathological fracture of ankle due to osteoporosis
- Pathological fracture of foot due to osteoporosis
- Pathological fracture of left ankle
- Pathological fracture of left ankle due to osteoporosis
- Pathological fracture of left foot
- Pathological fracture of left foot due to osteoporosis
Information for Patients
Also called: Broken bone
A fracture is a break, usually in a bone. If the broken bone punctures the skin, it is called an open or compound fracture. Fractures commonly happen because of car accidents, falls, or sports injuries. Other causes are low bone density and osteoporosis, which cause weakening of the bones. Overuse can cause stress fractures, which are very small cracks in the bone.
Symptoms of a fracture are
- Intense pain
- Deformity - the limb looks out of place
- Swelling, bruising, or tenderness around the injury
- Numbness and tingling
- Problems moving a limb
You need to get medical care right away for any fracture. An x-ray can tell if your bone is broken. You may need to wear a cast or splint. Sometimes you need surgery to put in plates, pins or screws to keep the bone in place.
- Broken bone (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Closed reduction of a fractured bone (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Closed reduction of a fractured bone - aftercare (Medical Encyclopedia)
[Learn More]
Osteoporosis is a disease that thins and weakens the bones. Your bones become fragile and break easily, especially the bones in the hip, spine, and wrist. In the United States, millions of people either already have osteoporosis or are at high risk due to low bone mass.
Anyone can develop osteoporosis, but it is more common in older women. Risk factors include
- Getting older
- Being small and thin
- Having a family history of osteoporosis
- Taking certain medicines
- Being a white or Asian woman
- Having low bone density
Osteoporosis is a silent disease. You might not know you have it until you break a bone. A bone mineral density test is the best way to check your bone health.
To keep bones strong, eat a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, exercise, and do not smoke. If needed, medicines can also help. It is also important to try to avoid falling down. Falls are the number one cause of fractures in older adults.
NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
- Bone mineral density test (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Calcium, vitamin D, and your bones (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Exercise, lifestyle, and your bones (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Medicines for osteoporosis (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Osteoporosis (Medical Encyclopedia)
- What causes bone loss? (Medical Encyclopedia)
[Learn More]
ICD-10 Footnotes
General Equivalence Map Definitions
The ICD-10 and ICD-9 GEMs are used to facilitate linking between the diagnosis codes in ICD-9-CM and the new ICD-10-CM code set. The GEMs are the raw material from which providers, health information vendors and payers can derive specific applied mappings to meet their needs.
- Approximate Flag - The approximate flag is on, indicating that the relationship between the code in the source system and the code in the target system is an approximate equivalent.
- No Map Flag - The no map flag indicates that a code in the source system is not linked to any code in the target system.
- Combination Flag - The combination flag indicates that more than one code in the target system is required to satisfy the full equivalent meaning of a code in the source system.