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Two beloved Portuguese dressings: a chouriço-bread dressing with spicy sausage, onions, garlic, crushed red pepper, and paprika. Another dressing with sweet sausage, potato, butter, nutmeg, and spices.
When I was growing up, Thanksgiving was part holiday, part carnival. We'd gather around the table and all the women (that's not as sexist a remark as it may seem; it was the '60s, after all) would become carnie barkers. Right after my grandfather finished grace, the air would explode with their babble—Hey, you, young man! How about you, little lady!—trying to coax you to step up and try their kale soup, sausage stuffing, or meringue cookies. Sides were heavily drawn along immediate family lines, until that first brave (read: foolish) cousin dared dip his fork into an aunt's paprika-and-chouriço-roasted potatoes, and all hell broke lose. Matrilineal allegiances would drop like canaries in a mine shaft and the annual holiday season had begun.
I always tried to stay true to my mother and her cooking for several reasons. 1.) She was a damn good cook; 2.) I worshipped her; and, perhaps most important, 3.) she was one hell of a force to be reckoned with when you displeased her. But on God's sanctioned Holiest of Holy Food Days, according to a mash-up of catechism and playground philosophy, I betrayed her. Yes, her capons were impossibly juicy with taunt mahogany-burnished skin George Hamilton would envy. (Poppa Leite doesn't like turkey, so it was emasculated roosters for us.) But she tripped up in the stuffing department—actually, I should say, dressing department because no one in my family ever stuffed a bird.
Avó Costa, my maternal grandmother, and Dina short for madrinha (which is "godmother" in Portuguese), were the two reigning monarchs when it came to stuffing. My grandmother's stuffing was bread-based and had all kinds of love in it. To wit: Day-old Vienna bread, chouriço (as you should know by now, the incomparable sausage of Portugal, whose aroma my grandmother wore like Chanel No. 5), onion, garlic, massa de pimentão (a red-pepper paste spiky with heat), wine, tomato paste, herbs, and (her favorite) white pepper. And the Portuguese voodoo that only she pulled off? Despite all that soaked bread, what should have clunked onto the table like a medicine ball was airy instead–like mashed potatoes right after you've whipped them into a cloud of fluff. It was a feat no one else could master. But then again, no one else had the upper-arm strength of that woman.
The other stuffing that graced the table, the one that was secretly my favorite, was what Dina relished calling "French stuffing," as she liked to downplay the 50 percent of her DNA that was Portuguese. Now stay with me here, because its provenance is quite confusing. There is indeed a dish called French stuffing—made with ground pork, potato, cinnamon, and nutmeg—that is mistakenly referred to by some as gouton, gorton, or corton, depending on where on New England's South Coast you come from. No matter how you pronounce it, it's actually a bastardization of cretons, a Canadian pork pâté that's distinctly different from French stuffing. But for many, including my godmother, it was a short leap from Canadian to French Canadian to French. Hence it all was French stuffing. And to her anything French, even by way of Montréal, trumped Portuguese.
But it isn't French at all—well, at least not exclusively French. See, when I lived in Portugal a few years ago, I uncovered a touching tidbit of information, a detail that gave meaning to our table and a sense of unity to our family. I discovered, while flipping through an antiquated cookbook in a dusty store in Lisbon, that the Portuguese make several types of stuffings to go with their turkey, none of which have anything to do with Thanksgiving, as they don't celebrate the holiday. (Are you still with me?) One dressing is almost a fraternal twin of my grandmother's bread stuffing. But I found another stuffing, one that is a kissing cousin to Dina's version. So close are they that I guess you could call them French-kissing cousins. (She'd love that.) This old stuffing is plump with potatoes, pork sausage, onions, garlic, milk, a sprinkling of herbs, and—differing from Dina's dish—the chopped and sautéed liver of the turkey. She may have called hers French stuffing, and it may have been handed down by her French-Canadian mother, but I firmly believe that her Portuguese father had a gentle influence, too.
By the time I discovered this, Dina was long dead. How I wish I could have sat there, thumping the dining room table with my fist while she leaned back implacable, pulling on a Lucky Strike cigarette, her lipstick leaving Lucille Ball-red half moons on the end. "Davis," as she liked to call me, "Davis, you can say my French stuffing is Portuguese until the cows come home, but it just ain't true." And while I know that they're different but strikingly similar, I would tease, cajole, and argue, because in our family, that was the price of admission to our carnival.
This is the same paprika-sprinkled turkey that I grew up with. My grandmother Costa always rubbed her poultry with salt and let it sit in the fridge for several hours prior to roasting, believing that it drew out impurities. Her ritual is similar to the koshering process, in which poultry is coated with salt and later rinsed several times. The benefit—voodoo aside—is a bird that's juicy and richly flavorful. That's why I insist you buy a kosher turkey.–David Leite
LC Gravy If You Please Note
Though gravy is considered a requisite side for turkey here in the states, it's relatively unheard of in Portugal—although in David's family it's reserved as a right that's occasionally exercised. It's not that this turkey needs it, as this roast turns out remarkably moist and insanely delectable. But the entire experience is all the better if you can muster a splash of stock, a little flour, and some arm power.
Portuguese Turkey with Two Stuffings
- Quick Glance
- Serves 8
- For the turkey
- One 12- to 14-pound kosher turkey, liver reserved for the dressing
- 1 small orange, cut into wedges
- 1 small lemon, cut into wedges
- Kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper
- 4 Turkish bay leaves
- 6 tablespoons unsalted butter, melted
- 2 teaspoons sweet paprika
- For the gravy (optional, seeing as it's not the Portuguese way...but so worthwhile)
- Up to 3 cups homemade chicken stock or low-sodium chicken broth
- 1/4 cup unsalted butter, at room temperature
- 1/4 cup all-purpose flour
- Kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper
- For Dina's potato dressing
- 1 1/2 pounds Yukon Gold potatoes, peeled and cut into 1‑inch cubes
- Kosher salt
- 2 tablespoons unsalted butter, plus more if needed
- 3/4 pound ground sweet Italian pork sausage
- 1 large yellow onion, chopped
- 2 garlic cloves, minced
- Reserved turkey liver, chopped
- 2 large egg yolks, beaten
- 1/2 cup whole milk, plus more if needed
- Healthy pinch ground nutmeg
- 2 tablespoons chopped flat-leaf parsley leaves
- Freshly ground black pepper
- For Avó Costa's bread dressing
- 1/4 pound thick-sliced slab bacon, cut crosswise into 1/4-inch pieces
- 1 pound chourico, linguica, or dry-cured smoked Spanish chorizo, roughly chopped
- Olive oil, if needed
- 2 medium yellow onions, chopped
- 4 garlic cloves, minced
- 1/4 teaspoon crushed red pepper flakes
- 2/3 cup dry white wine
- 3 tablespoons Amped-Up Red Pepper Paste
- 2 tablespoons double-concentrate tomato paste, or three tablespoons regular store-bought or homemade tomato paste
- 12 cups 3/4-inch cubes of day-old rustic bread
- About 2 cups homemade beef stock plus 1 cup water or 3 cups store-bought low-sodium broth
- Kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper
- 1/4 cup chopped flat-leaf parsley leaves
- Roast the turkey
- 1. Position a rack in the bottom of the oven and crank up the heat to 425°F (218°C).
- 2. Remove any pin feathers from the turkey and pat the bird dry with paper towels. Rub the cavity with a wedge of orange and of lemon, season well with salt and pepper, and stuff with the remaining wedges and the bay leaves. Tuck the wing tips under the bird and tie the legs together. Mix together the melted butter, paprika, 1½ teaspoons salt, and 1 teaspoon pepper and brush about half of it over the turkey. Place the bird breast side down on a V-rack set in a roasting pan.
- 3. Slip the turkey into the oven, pour 2 cups of water into the pan, and roast for 30 minutes. Lower the heat to 350°F (176°C), flip the bird breast side up, and brush with some of the remaining butter-paprika mixture.
- 4. Continue roasting and brushing the turkey every 30 minutes, until an instant-read thermometer inserted into the thickest part of the thigh registers 165°F (74°C), 1 1/2 to 2 hours more. Tent the bird with foil if browning too quickly.
- 5. Transfer the turkey to a serving platter and let stand, tented, for 20 minutes. Although it's not the custom in Portugal, you can make gravy (see Variação, below).
- Make Dina's potato dressing
- 6. Meanwhile, plonk the potatoes into a large pot of cold water. Add 1 tablespoon salt, cover, and bring to a boil over high heat. Cook until tender, 10 to 15 minutes. Drain the potatoes in a colander, return half to the pot, and mash well. Set the rest aside and keep warm.
- 7. Heat the butter in a medium skillet over medium-high heat until the foaming subsides. Crumble in the ground sausage and cook, breaking up the clumps, until well browned, 10 to 12 minutes. Using a slotted spoon, scoop the sausage into the pot with the mashed potatoes. Lower the heat to medium and, if the skillet is dry, add a bit more butter. Drop in the onion and cook, stirring occasionally, until golden, about 12 minutes. Scrape in the garlic and cook for 1 minute more. Add the chopped reserved liver and sauté until browned, about 3 minutes. Scoop the mixture into the pot with the mashed potatoes.
- 8. Whisk the yolks and milk into the potatoes until smooth; if the dressing is too thick, whisk in more milk. Place the pot over medium heat and stir to cook the yolks, about 3 minutes. Fold in the reserved potatoes, sprinkle in the nutmeg and parsley, and season well with salt and pepper to taste. Keep warm.
- Make Avó Costa's bread dressing
- 9. Heat a Dutch oven over medium-low heat. Add the bacon and cook, stirring often, until the fat has rendered and the meaty bits are crisp, 12 to 15 minutes. Using a slotted spoon, transfer to paper towels. Pour off all but a thin film of fat from the pot into a cup and reserve. Bump up the heat to medium-high, add the chourico, and cook, stirring often, until lightly browned, about 7 minutes. Using a slotted spoon, transfer the sausage to a bowl. Pour off all but 2 tablespoons of fat, adding it to the bacon fat. If the pan is dry, add 2 tablespoons of oil.
- 10. Lower the heat to medium, add the onions, and cook until soft, 7 to 10 minutes. Add the garlic and pepper flakes and cook for 1 minute more. Splash in the wine, add the red pepper paste and tomato paste, scrape up any stuck-on bits, then let burble for a few minutes to cook the mixture.
- 11. Turn the heat to low, add the bread and the reserved bacon and chourico fats, and pour in just enough of the stock-water combination, beating well with a spoon, to make the mixture moist. If you use all the liquid and the pot is still dry, add water as necessary. Fold in the bacon and chourico and continue beating to lighten the mixture. Take a taste and season with salt and pepper if needed. Scoop the dressing into a bowl and speckle with the parsley.
- 12. To serve, plate the turkey, scoop the dressings into decorative bowls, and take everything to the table pronto.
Gravy, Gravy, Bo Bravy
- To make gravy, spoon the fat from the roasting pan. Set the pan over two burners and pour in enough homemade chicken stock or store-bought low sodium broth to the pan juices to equal 3 cups. Bring the liquid to a boil over medium-high heat, scraping the bottom to loosen any browned bits. Blend together 1/4 cup softened unsalted butter and 1/4 cup all-purpose flour in a small bowl to form a smooth paste. Scoop the paste into the stock, whisking constantly, until the gravy thickens and no floury taste remains, 5 to 10 minutes. Strain and season with salt and pepper to taste.
Recipe Testers Reviews
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Of the 53 cases on the docket of the U.S. Supreme Court this session, the State of Kansas plays a role in 11 of them.
Granted, nine of the cases don't involve Kansas directly as the state merely filed briefs. The other two involve murder convictions.
But with a simple two-page guidance issued by the Kansas Department of Revenue last week, next year's Supreme Court docket will be sure to include a discrimination complaint that requires guidance from the nation's highest bench.
The guidance, identified simply as Notice 13-18, instructs same-sex married couples filing state income tax returns to continue doing so as individuals. The Revenue Department decided to rely on the Kansas Constitution, which was amended in 2005 to ban gay marriage by defining the act as possible between "one man and one woman only."
KDOR was responding to recent decisions by the Internal Revenue Service and the Treasury Department that said any legally married couple had to file federal tax returns as married individuals, regardless of where they lived. Thirteen states, plus the District of Columbia, recognize same-sex marriages. In order to resolve unequal treatment being applied once the federal Defense of Marriage Act was found unconstitutional earlier this year, the IRS ruled if a gay couple was legally married in Iowa but resided in Kansas, that couple needed to file federal tax returns as married.
The Kansas Department of Revenue ruling states that same hypothetical couple whose filing status is married for federal purposes must be single for state purposes. However, a heterosexual couple that married in Iowa and later moved to Kansas, would be required to file both federal and state tax returns as married.
That would seem hard to square with the Kansas Bill of Rights, which has equal rights as the very first provision: "All men are possessed of equal and inalienable natural rights, among which are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."
It also appears contrary to the wording of the constitutional amendment, which has two distinct components.
The first is the one man-one woman definition, which only applies to marriages in Kansas. Obviously, one state cannot dictate to another how any of its laws should be written. Kansas has no more business being able to define what constitutes a marriage in Iowa, than California has telling Kansas how it should be. Each state gets to make this particular decision -- at least for now.
It is the second part of the amendment that warrants closer inspection: "No relationship, other than a marriage, shall be recognized by the state as entitling the parties to the rights or incidents of marriage." As written, and as understood by the U.S. Supreme Court, it would appear any legally married couple -- gay or straight -- are entitled to be recognized as such in Kansas. Same-sex couples would still be able to be banned from getting married in Kansas, but that will be a different legal battle.
It would appear the Kansas Department of Revenue is attempting to deny a right that currently is guaranteed by the state Constitution. Even a novice attorney would have a winning case for the taking. All it needs is two brave men or women to stand up and declare the discrimination Notice 13-18 attempts to legitimize.
Editorial by Patrick Lowry

subset: commoncrawl


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I'm inclined to believe that this might be truer of those of us who live in Mumbai or cities like Mumbai where making time a premium commodity, to the exclusion of the timelessness of the laidback, is considered a necessary virtue and held up as a standard to emulate. Any exception to the contrary is likely dismissed as a 'wasted life' even if not said so in so many words.
This was brought into sharp focus by Abodh's post the other day.
On occasional walking forays about the city I'll sometimes pause to meet the eyes of a 'stray' I've noticed from my earlier walkabouts, delighting in a secret way the sense of permanence the assortment of wet noses and friendly tails bring to nooks and corners of the city they've come to inhabit alongside humans who live and work on the streets. In those occasional moments it never occurred to me to contemplate on the depth of bonding that stray dogs and cats will share with those who begin to care for them from mutual familiarity on the shared street, at least not in the way Abodh experiences in his work with stray dogs in Mumbai.
While I knew of the bonding on the street between 'strays' and humans as a fact, I realized I didn't know of it from experience.
Reading about Rambo, Tiger, Soorya, and Ronnie whom Rajan, a rag-picker, named after his son who died aged two, and other kindred souls like Karunakaran Pillai in Abodh's warm reminisces in his First Aid Sundays with Street Dogs and Humans merely reinforces the fact that all that seems obvious at first glance isn't really that obvious the first time around.
While Abodh's narrative plucks tentatively at heartstrings, there's nothing tentative about the warmth the stray dogs bring to lives on the street.
It's in the light of his poignant reminisces in the post linked above that the annual calendar brought out by The Welfare Of Stray Dogs (WSD) takes on a different meaning.
Extending WSD's assertion that: Stray Dogs Are A Breed Apart, I'd add: For More Reasons Than One.
Here's where you can still buy The Welfare of Stray Dogs (WSD) Annual calendar featuring strays with stories in their eyes.
A peek into the WSD Annual Calendar:
Below: Isfahan, a 'Rags to Riches' story, came from a Mumbai street.
Below: Rocket, now the 'King of the Couch', was born in a WSD kennel.


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For one of our activities counting down to Christmas, we pulled out some marshmallows and toothpicks. We had never done this before, but I had seen it here and thought it would be a fun wintery activity since the marshmallows are white and fluffy just like snow.
Mina loved making a spiky ball...
She is very happy with her little creation.
Together they were able to create this cool snake.
Lou's little marshmallow snowman.
The snowman now has a little friend.
Have your kids tinkered with marshmallows? What creations do they come up with?


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Style: Southern Rock / Pop Rock
Hometown: Jonesboro, Arkansas
For Fans Of: NEEDTOBREATHE, Third Day
Other Projects
Compilation Contributions
Artist Links
|TobyMac, Hillsong, Kirk Franklin and More to Perform at the Dove Awards
Thu, 22 Aug 2019 19:30:00 EST
|Tenth Avenue North Headlines NO SHAME TOUR with Austin French and Mike Donehey
Thu, 22 Aug 2019 12:40:00 EST
|New Artist Titus Showers' "Who?" Remains No. 1 Gospel Album Debut By a New Artist
Thu, 22 Aug 2019 12:40:00 EST
|Gotee Records' Ryan Stevenson Honored with RIAA Gold Single
Thu, 22 Aug 2019 12:30:00 EST
|Bethel's The McClures Bow Soulful "Only Have One" Ahead of August 30 Debut
Wed, 21 Aug 2019 23:59:00 EST
|Avalon's "Keeper Of My Heart" Encouraging Listeners With Inspiring Lyrics
Wed, 21 Aug 2019 23:40:00 EST


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by JAY NORDLINGER National Review April 24, 2017 12:00 AM
On the Obama era, the Trump era, Syria's ruling family, Saudi Arabia, sports, music, language, and more There was a song: "Mem'ries light the corners of my mind. Misty water-colored mem'ries of the way we were." I have been thinking lately about the way we were.
Remember when we knocked President Obama for spending so much time on the golf course? Not all of us did, but many of us did. Donald Trump, for example, was unrelenting in his criticism. You don't hear that anymore. Conservatives don't knock the president for spending so much time on the golf course.
We used to tote up Obama's travel — how much it cost to go to Martha's Vineyard, Hawaii, etc. Remember the trip that Mrs. O. took, with one of her daughters, to the Costa del Sol? Man, we howled about that. Taxpayer dollars. Anyway, Trump is set to spend more in a year on travel than the Obamas spent in eight.
Remember how we counted up the times Obama said "I" and "me" in a speech? That was fun. It was kind of a conservative pastime. We don't do that anymore. It's natural to cut your guy slack while cutting none to the other guy. But there ought to be a limit — or a recognition.
Talking about Afghanistan the other day, Trump said, "What I do is, I authorize my military." "My military"? What would we have said if Obama had said that? Or if any Democratic president said it? Pinning a Purple Heart on a soldier, Trump said, "Congratulations." Normally, you don't say that, when awarding a Purple Heart. What if Obama had said it? Or Joe Biden? What would the conservative media have said?
On the South Lawn of the White House, the national anthem began, and Mrs. Trump and son Barron put their hand over their heart. Mrs. Trump nudged the president to do the same, so he did it, quick-like. I mean, I don't give a rat's behind. But what if this had been the Obamas?
During the campaign, Trump said that anyone asking for immunity was obviously guilty. Michael Flynn said the same thing. Later, Flynn asked for immunity — with Trump's hearty approval. Okay. But what if this had been Democrats?
The slack the Right cuts for Trump goes for his men. Take Sean Spicer. His words about Hitler, chemical weapons, the Holocaust, and so on were awfully convoluted. Embarrassing. Okay. Everyone makes mistakes. He repeatedly mispronounced the name of the Syrian dictator. Okay. Everyone makes mistakes. But what if this were a Democratic spokesman? Would we be indulgent? Or would we say that this fellow, however well-meaning, was unfit to speak for the White House on the world and national stages?
Appearing on a talk-radio show, Attorney General Sessions said, "I really am amazed that a judge sitting on an island in the Pacific can issue an order that stops the president of the United States from what appears to be clearly his statutory and constitutional power." Hang on, Jeff, does it appear to be his power or is it clearly his power? Anyway, the allusion to Hawaii. Okay. No problem. But if a Democratic attorney general spoke this way, about a judge in Hawaii he didn't like? I can imagine Republicans talking about Pearl Harbor. The sneak attack. The more than 2,000 dead. The terrible sacrifice. The war.
See what I mean? Also, we used to talk about class warfare — I mean, against it. And against the politics of envy. And the politics of grievance. Also, we used to talk up character, as indispensable in leadership. Virtue was the rage. Those were the days …
Hypocrisy in human beings is as normal as lust. You can no more stamp it out than you can stamp out crabgrass. You'd have a much easier time with crabgrass. But, now and then, we should pause to acknowledge what we're doing, and not doing. We should hear the dogs not barking … … about golf, travel, "I" and "me," etc.
So far so good :coffee:
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Sub-state basketball games rescheduled
Games scheduled for Monday and Tuesday in the Hillsboro sub-state tournament have been rescheduled for today and Thursday respectively.
Girls' basketball games are scheduled to start at 3 p.m. today. Hillsboro and Marion are scheduled to play at 7:30 p.m.
There was one boys' game played Tuesday, Southeast of Saline at Sacred Heart.
The rest of the games are scheduled for Thursday in Hillsboro starting at 4:30. Marion is scheduled for a 6 p.m. tipoff against Trinity Catholic of Hutchinson.
Hillsboro is scheduled to face Lyons at 7:30 p.m.
Semifinal games are scheduled to begin at 3 p.m. Friday with girls' and boys' teams alternating games.
The final game Friday is a boys' matchup at 7:30 p.m.
The finals are scheduled for Saturday, 6 p.m. for the girls' and 7:30 p.m. for boys'.
Games in the Burrton sub-state tournament, involving Goessel and Centre teams, were also rescheduled to today and Thursday.
The Goessel girls will play Burrton at 6 p.m. today and the Goessel boys will play Burrton at 7:30 p.m. today at Goessel.
The Centre girls will play Pretty Prairie at 6 p.m. on Thursday.
The Centre boys will play Fairfield at 6 p.m. on Friday in Burrton.
Other semifinal matchups are scheduled for 7:30 p.m. on Thursday and Friday.
The championship games are scheduled for 6 p.m. and 7:30 p.m. in Burrton.
The Peabody-Burns boys' game was rescheduled to 4:30 p.m. today in Moundridge against Oxford.
The Peabody-Burns girls' are scheduled to play 6 p.m. Thursday in Moundridge against Herington.
Last modified Feb. 27, 2013


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Susan Granger's review of 'The Giver'
Published back in 1993, Lois Lowry's young-adult novel was a touching, dystopian fantasy, centered on a 12-year-old boy. If it had been filmed back then, it would have preceded similar stories like "Ender's Game," "Elysium," "Divergent," and the "Hunger Games" franchise. But now, it's just one more bland, teen-centric story, set in the distant future, depicting a post-apocalyptic society of "true equality."
The Community, as it's called, is supposed to be Utopia. Classless, climate-controlled and conflict-free, it's an isolated world that's free of poverty, famine and other forms of suffering. Choice is unknown; achieving sameness is everyone's goal. Tranquility reigns, enforced by "precision of language," meaning people are constantly apologizing and saying, "I accept your apology."
Upon ritually graduating from childhood and receiving his lifetime job assignment, Jonas (Brendan Thwaits) is chosen by the Chief Elder (Meryl Streep) to be the next Receiver, meaning he's to be taught by the titular Giver (bearded Jeff Bridges), a tormented soul who holds the collective cultural memories.
As Jonas learns about the pain of love and war, and the ecstasy of art and music, he becomes determined to "free" not only his family (Alexander Skarsgard, Katie Holmes), including a continually crying infant, but also one special girl, Fiona (Odeya Rush).
In this disappointing screen adaptation by Michael Mitnick and Robert B. Weide, directed by Philip Noyce ("Patriot Games," Salt"), the protagonist has been transformed from a child into a young adult, which dilutes the impact of the ethical/moral conflicts and loss-of-innocence theme but allows for a sweetly plausible romance and some vaguely religious overtones.
Working with production designer Ed Verr5eaux and cinematographer Ross Emery, Noyce creates this eerie, not-so brave new world monochromatically, allowing Jonas to slowly notice subtle bits of color, eventually including vivid greens, blues and reds.
Except for Bridges and Streep, the actors are nondescript, delivering strangely stilted, unmemorable performances.
On the Granger Movie Gauge of 1 to 10, "The Giver" is a platitudinous, all-too-familiar 5, unlikely to satisfy avid fans of Lowry's Newberry Medal-winning book.


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Home >
Hudson >
About Us >
LIU Hudson History
For more than a quarter of a century, Long Island University has been offering graduate degree and certificate programs in Rockland and Westchester Counties and at the education center at West Point.
LIU Hudson at Rockland is conveniently located near the Palisades Parkway in Orangeburg, N.Y., just two miles from the New Jersey border. The campus offers personalized instruction delivered by a full-time faculty and adjunct professors drawn from the top ranks of their professions. Most courses are offered during the evenings and weekends to accommodate the busy schedules of working professionals.
LIU Hudson at Westchester is located in a state-of-the art facility on the grounds of Purchase College. The facility features high-tech classrooms designed for adult learners, technologically advanced library facilities, mainframe-networked computer labs and other resources.
The education center at West Point is located on the grounds of the United States Military Academy at West Point. The physical beauty of the location is matched by the deep and long standing importance of the location in American History. The graduate programs in Counseling and Teacher Education are designed to meet the special schedule needs of military personnel and their spouses, but over half the students enrolled in programs there have no connection with the Army or the Department of Defense.
Rockland Community College Extension Site: 145 College Road, Suffern, NY 10901 | Telephone: 845-574-4356Westchester 735 Anderson Hill Road, Purchase, NY 10577 | Telephone: 914-831-2700


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Tuesday, September 30, 2008
1s, 0s, Xs, Ys
Short version: 19 different Wikipedians, including several moderators and administrators at several different Wikipedia-related projects (Wikiquote, Wikisource, Wikinfo, Wikipedia Review), turn out to be all the same person [link goes to ED, you know it's not worksafe, or any other sort of safe]. Yay sockpuppeting, and added drama because;
a) the most major sock wrote on a lot of sex-related topics, and was heavily involved in 'Wipipedia', a fetish wiki I'd never heard of before now;
b) many of the socks used photographs of very attractive, often scantily-clad, women to represent their identity, something which had apparently bought favour in previous edit wars;
c) the IRLer who runs these socks presents as a cisgender guy. His sockpuppets got caught out due to complaints from the partner of one of the women whose photos he was using.
h/t Seth Finkelstein.
What Seth sees as the key thing here is the collision between the perceived significance of the work the Wikipedia social circle is doing - the Shiny Happy Website - and the very human drama it's spawned. The same applies to a lot of online enterprises, especially the ones which make embarrassingly large stacks of money from human beings socialising with other human beings; they give us a place to put words, and we use words to build places, homes, stages for ourselves, and these places are not reliably honest, they are fragile to destruction from a large number of threats, and are never owned and governed as common public spaces. (People on Brad Hicks's site are talking lately about how MMOs are starting to dispense with public forums, which makes it hard for users to pass on complaints and suggestions. I am sure they do this because people are impossible).
But, couple of other things jumped out of me:
Gender variance is, as ever, being punished. It's that image of gender as being some mile-high wall that must be patrolled rigorously because for someone to walk straight through it as if it's not really there would be simply the most awful thing ever. It's the idea of gender variance as being an act of 'deception'. [edit: Lisa Harney, in comments, points out that I am conflating trans people with gender-variant people in this post, when IRL the two are different categories. I suck at framing things about how much other people make sucky assumptions.]
The person who instigated this drama lives a day-to-day life as a man, but usually presented on the internet as a woman. To be misled, especially by someone you've personally placed an emotional stake in and supported in times of trouble when you would not have done if you'd known more, is very hurtful. But that's not what happened on the Wikipedia Review site. I am so not linking, but I read a few pages of their reaction to all this, and they are referring to this person as 'thing' and 'it'. I've heard this one before. It's not genuine upset, it's personal embarrassment (and I don't even get why it's embarrassing, but hey, I bat for both sides so what would I know?) of a form which we know can be easily turned into murderous hatred, and which is already speaking the language of that hatred. It is transphobia.
Back when I first blogged a bit about anonymity and identities on the internet I mentioned The Strange Case Of The Electronic Lover. This was another instance of someone who lived as a man presenting online as a woman, and engaging in flirtatious and sexual behaviour online before being 'found out'. Joan/Alex, unlike the socks in the Wikipedia drama, sought out women as partners rather than men. There is a temptation to regard the upset of the people who believed they were building a sexual connection online with a cisgendered woman differently when they're women to when they're men. Partly it's because of the whiny strictures of 'masculinity'; the twinned homophobia & transphobia, the bullshit insistence that sexual contact with something other than a cis woman is a breaking of those strictures, makes a man weak, a target for ridicule - that's the supposed reason that wall between genders must be maintained.
And partly it's because women are accustomed to fearing sexual assault by men.
At Wikipedia Review, there is some talk of the 'real victims' - the women whose intimate photos the sock made use of. Nothing has been heard from them personally about how they feel about this violation. There's a wonderful recent Shameless post called Private Parts vs Private Places that notes that the dangers you attract when you put personal information on the internet are framed as threats of theft and trespass if you're a man, threats of beatings and sexual assaults if you're a woman.
This is crappy media framing. Most media trepidations about the truths we tell on the internet are. The real dangers on the internet are the same as the real dangers IRL - you can waste your time, break your heart, lose your soul, hit a rut, meet God amid the ones and zeroes, quit caring, or move on. In a purely physical sense it's safer than IRL. And yet, that media bias Shameless is writing about is also reflective of the way women really are treated on the internet. Like these women whose bodies were appropriated by this mad puppeteer. Shit, back when I was a bbs mod we once had to deal with a stalker who was posting topless photographs of one of our female members.
Then there's this, which happened to me about a year ago (click image to see it in a readable size):
Perhaps I've been lucky, but it was only time this has happened to me since I was a 15-year-old AOLer. I'd say it's not so much down to chance as architecture - I shared the lulz with some other folks online, and one (a straight cis guy...as far as I know) said that he'd been hassled for netsex by men on Limewire; perhaps filesharing and chatrooming lend themselves to solicitation more than other forms of online communication. Soulseek's profile settings serve to make it chattier than other such programs; the twunt originally said he'd IMed me because I'd listed the Nine Inch Nails under 'I like'. (I deleted that immediately after).
I reacted to all this in a predictable fashion; became both pissed-off and very amused, and sought Revenge. I screencapped the lulz; I banned him from downloading from me; and I went to Soulseek's FAQ to see if there was any comment on how to report abuse and annoyance. There wasn't. Sure, each internet banana republic creates its own standards, but having no harassment policy is the sort of oversight that may not be so common if they weren't all run by guys. It's due to Wikipedia's poor response to abuse reports that it took two years from the first complaint about that sock's use of intimate pictures of unconsenting women until this ban, now; they simply have no system in place to respond to this problem.
9 comments:
- Lisa Harney said...
I'm kinda uncomfortable with all trans people being labeled as "gender variant". My gender is about as variant as any cisgender woman's.
Anyway, I am bothered by men who assume identities as women online. Not just because of deception (although I did have an epically bad experience with a cis man who presented himself to me as a cis woman as a means to opening flirtation - and yes, it pissed me off) but because these incidents get lumped in with trans women, are taken to represent trans women, and the men are really deceiving people.
Admittedly, such deceptions are not worthy of violent response, but I wish men would stop pretending to be women online - and I don't mean stuff like men playing female characters in MMOs or whatever.
- 30 September 2008 at 21:46
- thene said...
I hear you. I fear I may have been using 'gender variant' as a synonym for 'not cisgendered', which is kinda dumb of me. :/
One of the problems I have with the way such incidents are framed is that people who are simply men trolling for sex by presenting as women (and they do seem to largely target queer women - the Wikipedia case is an exception in that regard) are lumped in with people who genuinely are on the M2F spectrum and who explore that online as a prelude to or a safe alternative to coming out as trans IRL. The minute the person 'behind' it all is known to present as male IRL, it's assumed they're a cis guy.
I'm sorry if I'm contributing to that conflation here. One thing I have at the back of my head is that bullshit demand that trans people ought to be forced to declare their trans status to all people they get involved with, or else they will have committed some mortal wrong. Where do you draw the line when something like that happens on the internet?
- 30 September 2008 at 22:03
- Lisa Harney said...
Well, trans people shouldn't be forced to declare anything, and trans women who are pre-transition may need the space online to be themselves. I don't consider trans women to be men, even pre-transition.
Anyway, this is exactly why I hate cis men trolling for sex while pretending to be cis women.
When a trans woman is discovered to be trans, it's always assumed she was deceiving, and this doesn't come from anything but cis assumptions that everyone is cis or should be cis, and therefore just being trans is considered to be a dishonest state - trans people who don't disclose are considered liars. Trans people are considered liars just for telling the truth about our lives. Nothing we say is considered to be as honest or genuine as, say, the guy who decided by fiat that trans women transition because of sexual orientation or fetishes.
- 30 September 2008 at 22:07
- thene said...
Thanks for your thoughts, esp. about the 'everyone should be cis!' thing. ><
I might add, there is some evidence that this person is not a straightforwardly cis man; they are known to have used transvestite boutique services IRL and given the age - 52 - is perhaps more likely to be a closeted person on the M2F spectrum than someone younger doing the same things might be. And, as with what happened to you, deceivers usually target their flirtation at queer women rather than straight men - I don't think I've heard of any cases of straight men being sought out this way before. It's not honest, especially not when you're pretending to be nineteen different people, but it's not the usual profile of a cis male liar. (And cis gay men who play as queens in their romantic lives don't usually have to lie about it, do they?)
That's all just speculation, though - we'll never know. I feel it is bothersome that as soon as someone is known to be not a cis woman they're a) assumed to be a lying cis guy and b) addressed as 'thing', 'it' - the same language used to condone murder. Michael Baxter faces no such physical threat, I am sure, though he has been outed widely as a transvestite and BDSM fetishist. This is entirely because he is an asshole who has deceived a lot of people in many, many ways, but the transphobic language is so fucking unnecessary.
- 30 September 2008 at 22:27
- Lisa Harney said...
Oh, yeah, I was trying not to comment specifically on this particular person that you're writing about. I haven't read up on what's happened there and the stuff people are saying about hir* are just inexcusable and disgusting.
* don't know this person's actual preference
- 30 September 2008 at 23:43
- Lisa Harney said...
Also, guys pretending to be women do sometimes (rarely) target straight men in some arenas - like MMORPGs.
- 30 September 2008 at 23:44
- Kyrias said...
cis = ?
- 2 October 2008 at 21:04
- Lisa Harney said...
transgender = Someone, somewhere, will tell you that your gender is invalid and false.
cisgender = Your gender is generally considered valid and true by society
transsexual = someone whose subconscious sex differs from hir apparent sex.
cissexual = someone whose subconscious sex is the same as hir apparent sex
- 3 October 2008 at 02:10
- brett said...
This is a very interesting post, and the comments are also fantastic to read. I'll have to have a little re-think about my own contact form on our new website, as this poses some interesting questions!
study abroad
- 8 March 2010 at 12:30


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In (newly renovated sustainable) Joseph Rowntree School, New Earswick, York, UK, a small revolution is taking place. Quite literally. Young students of the school aged between 11-18 are organizing York+20, engaging children in sustainable development by organizing a series of events.
For MyCity+20 it's particularly exciting to see their innovative action strategy. For this, they are organizing many activities that are very impressive. Apart from debates between young people, local and national MPs (where Adrian Ramsay, the deputy head of the UK Green Party will be present), they are also organizing a flash mob and a self-written environmental musical including music from all over the world. Another interesting idea is the 'dedicated pledge-wall' where invited guests write a pledge about what they will do to improve the environment after the summit.
Before the event itself they are also running many other sustainable activities including:
-a drop-down day within the school, on the 12th of June, where we invite young people to take part in a range of environmentally friendly activities including making bikes out of old un-used parts, i.e. creating recycled bikes
- conducting some research in the local pond and sending the data off to the Natural Science Museum, - creating recycled clothes for a recycled fashion show
- creating films on saving the planet and putting on plays on the topic of sustainability.
-Sending a video recording of three questions to the Nobel Laureates from the Earth Summit in Rio, and seeing their answers on the 18th of June
During the event to, they will be:
- Raffling off signed books by popular UK teen writer Cathy Cassidy and sending the proceeds to green charities plus a school project which sponsors two students to go to school in Malawi
- An "edible insects" stand from FERA.
- Calculating a carbon footprint and literally create a to-scale foot print "shoe" made out of cardboard which needs to be worn by volunteers during the whole event, to show how much impact we actually have on the world!
Inspired by Severn Suzuki's speech at the Rio conference in 1992, the young students have brainstormed a series of creative, thought provoking action plans that is an inspiring example to everyone.


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This section lists known problems and limitations at the time of release.
This section lists product limitations.
Changes to file permissions for installed Directory Server Enterprise Edition product files can in some cases prevent the software from operating properly. Only change file permissions when following instructions in the product documentation, or following instructions from Oracle support.
To workaround this limitation, install products and create server instances as a user having appropriate user and group permissions.
When creating a self-signed server certificate, make sure you specify a validity long enough that you do not have to renew the certificate.
To ensure atomicity, do not use the join data view for write operations. If you perform write operations on join data view, use an external mechanism to prevent or detect inconsistencies. You can monitor inconsistencies by monitoring Directory Proxy Server error log.
The log-buffer-size (5dpconf) man page displays the wrong default size of the access log buffer. The default buffer size for access log is 1M.
The man pages for pattern matching distribution algorithm incorrectly show the respective properties as single-valued. The properties are multi-valued.
Oracle handles an empty string as NULL. The empty string and NULL are both valid values for an LDAP entry, but it is not possible to distinguish the two in Oracle. This issue was corrected for other JDBC sources in issue 6766175, as noted in Bugs Fixed in This Release.
This section lists the known issues that are found at the time of Directory Proxy Server 11g Release 1 (11.1.1) release.
The modify DN operation is not supported for LDIF, JDBC, join and access control data views.
Currently, getEffectiveRight control is supported only for LDAP data views and does not yet take into account ACIs local to the proxy.
After generation of a CA-Signed Certificate request, when you refresh, the certificate is displayed as a self-signed certificate.
If the SSL port used by Directory Proxy Server is incorrect, after a secure search request on that port Directory Proxy Server may close all connections.
Directory Proxy Server fails to count the number of referral hops properly when configured to use authentication based on the client application credentials rather than proxy authorization.
It is possible to specify the base-dn property when creating a data view, but it is not possible to set the base-dn property to "", the root dse, after creating the data view.
Directory Service Control Center sorts values as strings. As a result, when you sort numbers in Directory Service Control Center, the numbers are sorted as if they were strings.
An ascending sort of 0, 20, and 100 results in the list 0, 100, 20. A descending sort of 0, 20, and 100 results in the list 20, 100, 0.
After configuring alerts, you must restart Directory Proxy Server for the change to take effect.
Directory Proxy Server fails to rename an entry moving to another data view when numeric or lexicographic data distribution is configured.
In Directory Proxy Server, referral hop limit does not work.
On Windows, the output of dsadm and dpadm commands, and help messages are not localized in Simplified and Traditional Chinese languages.
After installation and after server instance creation on Windows systems, the file permissions to the installation and server instance folder allow access to all users.
To work around this issue, change the permissions on the installations and server instance folders.
On Windows, DSCC initialization can only be performed by Administrator user
Directory Service Control Center removes commas when changing the DN for an existing excluded subtree, or alternate search base.
After enabling or disabling non secure LDAP access for the first time, you must restart Directory Proxy Server for the change to take effect.
Time limit and size limit settings work only with LDAP data sources.
After using the command dpadm set-flags cert-pwd-store=off, Directory Proxy Server cannot be restarted using Directory Service Control Center.
The dpadm start command has been seen to fail when used with a server instance name combining both ASCII and multi-byte characters.
When setting the data-view-routing-custom-list property on an existing connection handler, an error occurs with data view names containing characters that must be escaped, such as commas.
To work around this issue, do not give data views names that contain characters that must be escaped. For example, do not use data view names containing DNs.
When using the DN renaming feature of Directory Proxy Server, notice that repeating DN components are renamed to only one replacement component.
Consider for example that you want to rename DNs that end in o=myCompany.com to end in dc=com. For entries whose DN repeats the original component, such as uid=userid,ou=people,o=myCompany.com,o=myCompany.com, the resulting renamed DN is uid=userid,ou=people,dc=com, and not uid=userid,ou=people,o=myCompany.com,dc=com.
The JDBC connection configuration to access Oracle 9 through Directory Proxy Server is not exactly as described in the documentation.
Consider the following configuration, with an Oracle 9 server listening on host myhost, port 1537 with the instance having system identifier (SID) MYINST. The instance has a database MYNAME.MYTABLE.
Typically, to configure access through to MYTABLE, set the following properties.
On the JDBC data source, set db-name:MYINST.
On the JDBC data source, set db-url:jdbc:oracle:thin:myhost:1537:.
On the JDBC table, set sql-table:MYNAME.MYTABLE
If these settings do not work, configure access through to MYTABLE with the following settings.
On the JDBC data source, set db-name:(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=MYINST)))
On the JDBC data source, set db-url:jdbc:oracle:thin:@(DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=myhost)(PORT=1537)))
On the JDBC table, set sql-table:MYNAME.MYTABLE
When you use the Service Management Facility (SMF) on Solaris 10 to enable a server instance, the instance might not start when you reboot the system and return the following error:
svcadm: Instance "svc:/instance_path" is in maintenance state.
To work around this problem, use a local user to create Directory Server and Directory Proxy Server servers.
On HP-UX, if you access DSCC with multiple browser sessions set to different locales, DSCC might display some strings in a locale that is different from the locale set in the browser.
Console does not retrieve the backend status of the Directory Proxy Server instance if a machine has multiple host names.
In DSCC, in the More View Options of an instance, the date shown under the Access Logs, Error Logs, and Audit Logs tabs is not localized.
When you create a data source by using DSCC, the value of useTCPNoDelay is set to false by default. However, the default value of use-tcp-no-delay is set to true when you create a data source by using dpconf create-ldap-data-source.
In DSCC configured using Tomcat server, the title of the Help and Version pop-up windows displays the multi-byte strings garbled.
The string owner in the output of the dpadm show-cert dps-instance-path command is not translated in Simplified Chinese and Traditional Chinese.
If the Directory Proxy Server configuration property allow-bind-operations is set to false, it is not possible to connect on an SSL port using the dpconf command line argument with the -–secure-port option. Connection by Start TLS (default) or by clear connection (the -–unsecured option) are still possible.
Directory Proxy Server does not change the DN of an ADD operation when the operation follows a referral in which the basedn is different from that of the original machine. Attempting an ADD against a Directory Proxy Server instance that has a Directory Server instance that is set to follow referrals, as opposed to just forwarding referrals, results in the ADD being rejected on the referred server because of an incorrect basedn.
Using the ldapmodify command to executing the ADD directly against the Directory Server instances allows the ADD to work.
No warning is issued when you set a password of insufficient length for the certificate database. If the password is too short, it is accepted by the Directory Service Control Center. Issuing the dpadm command with cert subcommands can then result in the commands hanging.
The error message that is displayed after a failed attempt to set use-cert-subject-as-bind-dn to false contains incorrect property names.
If a Directory Proxy Server instance has only secure-listen-socket/port enabled through DSCC, and if the server certificate is not the default (for example, if it is a certificate-Authority-signed certificate), DSCC cannot be used to manage the instance.
To work around this problem, unregister the proxy server instance and then register it again. Alternatively, update the userCertificate information for the proxy server instance in the DSCC registry, using the server certificate.
The proxy server bypasses the requires-bind-password property on the backend directory server.
The dpadm list-running-instances command does not list all the instances that are started from the current installation but lists the only instances that belong to the current user.
On OpenSolaris, when alerts are raised, Directory Proxy Server does not log them in syslog.
An obsolete definition remains in the 28pilot.ldif file.
To work around this issue, add the following alias specification to the 28pilot.ldif file:
objectClasses: ( 0.9.2342.19200300.100.4.4 NAME ('newPilotPerson' 'pilotPerson') DESC <...>)
The uidObject objectclass is missing from the schema.
To work around this issue, add the following objectclass to the 00core.ldif file:
objectClasses: ( 126.96.36.199.1.3.1 NAME 'uidObject' SUP top AUXILIARY MUST uid X-ORIGIN 'RFC 4519')
Directory Proxy Server reports a schema violation on attributes timeResolutionMode and timeResolutionInMillisec.
This message is harmless. To work around it, use the following steps:
Make sure that you have access to the jar program. This program is shipped with any JDK installation.
Stop the Directory Proxy Server instance.
Change the current directory to the Directory Server installation directory.
Run the following command to extract the schema file from the Directory Proxy Server archive
$ jar xvf dsee7/lib/jar/dps.jar com/sun/directory/proxy/config/config_schema.ldif
Use a text editor to edit the schema file, com/sun/directory/proxy/config/config_schema.ldif and make these changes.
Delete the attribute attributeTypes containing the string NAME ( 'useNanoTimeforEtimes' ).
Add a new attribute attributeTypes with the following content:
attributeTypes: ( "" NAME ( 'timeResolutionInMilliSec' ) DESC '' \ SYNTAX 184.108.40.206.4.1.14184.108.40.206.15 SINGLE-VALUE X-ORIGIN 'DPS' )
Make sure to delimit parentheses with spaces.
Search for the attribute objectClasses containing the string NAME 'topConfigEntry'.
In this attribute line, search for the string useNanoTimeforEtimes and rename it as timeResolutionMode
Save the file and close it.
Run the following command to apply the changes done to the schema file to the Directory Proxy Server archive:
$ jar uvf dsee7/lib/jar/dps.jar com/sun/directory/proxy/config/config_schema.ldif
For bind operations, the Directory Proxy Server currently works correctly only with Directory Server data stores.
If you do not provide a subject DN when creating a certificate request (using dpadm request-cert or DSCC), the default subject DN is cn=value,cn=value. The certificate request is issued without a warning, but the request is not accepted by most certificate authorities.
Similarly, if you do not provide a valid ISO 3166 country code when creating a certificate request (using dpadm request-cert or DSCC), the certificate request is issued without a warning, but the request is not accepted by the certificate authority.


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Apr 20, 2007
Head coach Ben Cabell, on match: "We had a better performance against them than the last two matches so that is encouraging. Casey and Erika both won sets before the match was called. It was a long day because of the rain, but I think we got through it well and gave a good effort."
Cabell, looking ahead: "We need to be ready no matter who we face. I think that we are playing better right now and that gives us some confidence going into tomorrow."


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text:
The idea of the paper is that researchers in the medical field have been doing RCTs for a good while and have gone through many of the debates we, in economics, are having now. They have come up with reporting guidelines (CONSORT), which aim to reduce the risk of bias in the reported results stemming from a variety of issues. The authors, correctly in my opinion, see this as a $100 bill lying on the ground: it's likely to serve us well if we pay attention to things that they have learned and adopt them for our circumstances – taking into account the fact that economics trials are not the same as biomedical ones.
The authors do a search of the words 'randomized' or randomization in the abstract or the title in the EconLit database and end up with 54 prospectively randomized studies published in top 50 Economics journals between 2000-2011 (as a side note, because economics does NOT follow the CONSORT guidelines, the titles of randomized control trials are not mandated to include those words, meaning that the authors missed at least one RCT published in these journals during this period. I recommend that the authors revise their search terms to include 'experiment', 'experimental', etc.). They also do a search of articles reporting phase III trials in top-tier medical journals, but I will not focus on these here (as another aside, I think that the proper comparison for economics trials in medicine are phase II trials, and not III. It is possible that if we had phase III-like trials in economics, the reporting would be much better).
The authors assess the performance of these articles in six domains: selection, performance, detection, attrition, reporting, and imprecision (or power). I will explain each of these as summarize their evidence below, followed by my comments in italics:
Selection: The authors are worried about the sample drawn not being representative of the intended population and also differences between treatment and control due to imperfections in the randomized assignment. They seem particularly worried about the latter (example: if a courthouse assigns cases randomly to judges but the sequence is known/deterministic, then clerks or lawyers can game the system by filing cases at the right moment to ensure assignment to a friendly judge). The authors find that less than a quarter of the econ papers get a passing grade in describing recruitment for the study and the randomization procedure. While it can feel like the CONSORT guidelines go overboard here (we had to report the version of Stata used for the randomization for a paper in The Lancet), I agree that econ papers can do better by including flowcharts describing the recruitment and attrition at each stage, as well as describe how the randomization was done.
Performance Bias: The possibility for 'Hawthorne' and 'John Henry' effects is well known and acknowledged in economics. This is exacerbated by the fact that often times (almost always?) it is not possible to blind subjects to their treatment status or to provide placebo treatments in economics. It is also not helped by primary outcomes that are self-reported (although this is not unique to economics: for example, many public health researchers rely on self-reported sexual behavior data as a proxy for HIV/STI risk). The authors find that about a third of econ studies report inadequately on these issues and an equal number have a high risk of bias. I am surprised that things are not worse here: many papers I referee are silent about these issues or the fact that they use self-reported data. Faithful readers of Development Impact will know how I feel about measurement issues in experiments. We need to do much better here by (a) at least discussing the possibility of bias due to these design issues; and (b) by using objective primary outcome measures. We also need more experiments that explicitly try to identify 'Hawthorne' and 'John Henry' effects.
Detection Bias: If the data collectors are not blinded to the treatment status of the subject. This is especially problematic if the enumerators have a stake in the outcome of the evaluation. The authors find: "Seventeen of the 54 economics articles failed on reporting and 19 on risk of this bias. Many of these trials collected data with individuals who may have had incentive to skew the data in favor of the intervention. Two articles explicitly mentioned using data collectors who were employed by the same company, which administered the intervention. Several others neglected to say who collected the data, leaving doubt as to whether a similar conflict of interest could have biased the results." Organizations should have independent researchers evaluate their interventions; such researchers should sign 'conflict of interest' statements; they should make sure that enumerators are blinded to treatment status (as much as possible); and report on these issues adequately in articles. It's all pretty straightforward.
Attrition bias: This is self-explanatory. The authors are worried about attrition from the sample during the course of the study that would cause biased treatment effects. They are also worried about whether the researchers report intent to treat effects or toss out observations in an ad hoc manner (or don't describe adequately what they did). They find: "Only 17 of the 54 economics articles passed this criterion. More than 20 did not discuss exclusion of participants in the final analysis and almost all of these had widely varying numbers of observations in different versions of the same analysis, suggesting that selective exclusion of observations did in fact take place. Less than half of the articles we collected mentioned the intent to treat principle by name and, among those that did, several neglected to follow it. Many of these articles excluded groups of participants because they did not follow the protocol, and one paper threw out the second of two years of data collected because of contamination." All of my pet peeves about attrition are on display here: sample sizes bouncing around; attrition issues being relegated to appendices and downplayed; only showing balance on the treatment dummy and not on whether attrition is correlated with different baseline characteristics in each study arm; running the analysis on a subset by excluding some observations and not conducting any sensitivity analysis, etc. Some papers, such as this one on which I reported here, will exclude as much as 40% of the individuals who did not take up the assigned treatment!
Reporting bias: Here, we're talking about specifying your analysis preferably before you collect (but at least before you analyze) your data and, hence, avoiding the possibility of fishing for results. This was, not surprisingly, non-existent for all 54 papers. Corrections for multiple comparisons are very rare. Furthermore, economics papers are not good at being honest about reporting their limitations. I think that there is good news and bad news here. On the plus side, pre-analysis plans, including good descriptions of interventions in appendices, etc. are becoming more common as I write these lines. Registries by EGAP and AEA, and efforts by the likes of J-PAL and CEGA are most welcome in these respects (Check out CEGA's transparency in social sciences, BITTS, initiative here). However, even without pre-analysis plans (or, recently, with them) there are still too many stories told in economics papers. It would be better if the authors (a) simply reported their primary results without commentary; and (b) included a section on the limitations of their studies that was honest and transparent. Some interpretation, using secondary analysis as necessary, can follow but only after the simple and consistent reporting of the primary results – without trying to infect the reader with the authors' views of the results rather than a balanced reporting.
Imprecision: This is about ex ante power calculations to make sure that the study is powered to find the effects it is trying to identify. The authors find: "Only two economics papers attested to perform an ad ante sample size calculation." This does not surprise me, although, like the authors, I believe this percentage is higher but not reflected in articles. Many funders request these calculations explicitly before funding field (or lab) experiments, so it is a matter of getting these calculations into the articles. Minimum detectable effects (MDE) are always useful to report, although they can also be calculated using standard errors of the treatment effects.
I was surprised to see that the authors' subgroup analysis (not pre-specified) did not find recent papers or top 4 journals (why 4?) fared better. My guess is that things will get better, and in an accelerated manner, over the next few years. Over the past two years, I have reviewed articles for journals and funding proposals that included pre-analysis plans, very detailed descriptions of interventions, etc. This will be a welcome change. I also suspect, and hope, that many of the same practices will apply not just to RCTs but to other studies in economics. If you ever tried to decipher what an intervention is (say, in a quasi-experimental study of a government intervention), you know what I mean. Ditto for issues of data, measurement, attrition, etc.
One thing we'll need to watch out for is the space limitations that medical journals impose. As long as journals continue to impose space limitations (many econ journals, such as AER and JHR, do the same), reporting on the details of the randomization and that you did it using Stata 13.0 will eat up space that can be used to explain the findings, do secondary analysis, describe a model or a conceptual framework, etc. And, such losses are important. As much as I want straightforward reporting, I also (like QJE editor Larry Katz here) would like to see secondary analysis, interesting economic analysis, explanations of puzzles, things that simple could not have been foreseen ahead of time in these articles. We need to have a balance.
Finally, while CONSORT guidelines may be useful, they have not come close to ensuring high quality evidence in biomedical studies. For example, some studies will dutifully report high rates of attrition but will not do anything to address the potential biases. They will publish articles where intervention implementation has been terrible (deviations from original design, contamination, etc. that makes distinctions between the study arms obsolete) and report the results according to the templates but the caveats are completely lost. When treatment 1 and treatment 2 were supposed to be distinct de jure but ended up being identical de facto, and your abstract says you found no differences between them, following templates is not good enough. In fact, many economists (perhaps somewhat unfairly) consider the quality in top medical journals to be inferior to those in top econ journals, with the former having been the butt of jokes among economists.
So, yes, by all means, we should report much better. But, we should not expect that to solve our problems. Good finished articles will always need good and honest researchers and excellent, tough, and thorough feedback (whether via traditional peer review or via crowd-sourcing).
Join the Conversation
Speaking of raising the standard of evaluation research using non-randomized and quasi-experimental designs, there is an initiative and allied group that seeks to achieve precisely that along the lines of the CONSORT. This TREND initiative can and should be both emulatedabd indeed adapted for quasi-experimental designs in the field of international development. CDC maintains the link from which one can access both the background paper ( almost a decade old) and associated checklist:
Thanks for the link -- it may be useful. For a similar and more recent initiative in social sciences, please see BITSS (Berkeley Initiative for Transparency in Social Sciences): http://cega.berkeley.edu/programs/BITSS/.
A very interesting paper, and excellent summary! I think it's great to see measurement validity finally getting the same kind of attention as internal validity in economics RCTs.


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Can your genes help create 'designer' diets, exercise programs for you?
Imagine a diet that would let you lose weight without cutting calories, or an exercise program that would tell in advance whether you'd get more benefit from pumping iron than walking a treadmill.
It may sound like wishful thinking or a late-night TV informercial, but researchers at the University of Miami medical school are studying the theory that nutrition and exercise can be affected by a person's individual genetic makeup.
"I believe if we look at people at the molecular level we can improve their health," says Sylvia Daunert, Ph.D., chair of the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the UM Medical School. The studies question long-held beliefs about food selection and weight loss. For example, could 1,000 calories of turkey cause more weight gain in some people than 1,000 calories of cashews? If so, could a person lose weight through food selection without cutting total calories?
And could a person's genes pre-determine whether he or she will benefit from a particular type of exercise – or perhaps be at greater risk of injury from it?
Read the complete story at miamiherald.com


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Commissioning a proud day for the whole family
Friday, December 13, 2013 2:00 AM
Pittsburg, KS
"This is a big day for the students, and a proud one for their families," said PSU President Steve Scott. "I love meeting the families and it is touching to hear how appreciative they are of the university's impact on their sons and daughters."
Robert Stanley, himself a retired military man, said he was thankful for the support his son received as a member of the ROTC program.
"I'm grateful for the support and mentorship he received at Pitt State," Stanley said. "The university has been great for him and I'm really excited about his future."
Cord Stanley has been branched armor and will continue his education at Fort Benning, Ga.
As family gathered around him for photos after the ceremony, Cord said he appreciated the love and support of his family.
"This is the culmination of several years of hard work," he said. "They have been so supportive. I'm excited about what lies ahead for me."


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Former AFL star Brendan Fevola has been declared bankrupt with more than $60,000 in unpaid debts.
The Federal Circuit Court in Brisbane heard the former Carlton and Brisbane player owes amounts of about $15,500, $45,500 and $7000 to three creditors.
A bankruptcy notice was served on him in May and he failed to comply, the court heard.
The former footballer was not in court on Wednesday.
Registrar Murray Belcher said he was satisfied the documents had been served on Fevola and the debt was still owing.
"I am satisfied that the act of bankruptcy alleged ... has been committed by the respondent," he said.
"I see no reason not to make the order against the estate of Brendan Fevola."
He ordered the creditors' costs be paid from Fevola's estate.
It's understood one of the matters involves a loan of about $7000 made to Fevola by builder Lou Menniti in 2011.


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2016-17 Smarter Balanced Assessment Report - Windsor Unified (Sonoma)
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OCEAN CITY — The U.S. Navy Blue Angels demonstration team, expected to be the feature act at the Ocean City Air Show in June, announced this week it was canceling all remaining appearances for 2013, putting an apparent damper of the resort's air show, but organizers said this week the show will go on with an all-star civilian line-up.< ?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office">
For the first few years of the Ocean City Air Show held each June over the beach and Boardwalk, military demonstration teams have been the signature element of the event, most notably the U.S. Air Force's Thunderbirds.
This year, Ocean City Air Show organizers scored a coup of sorts when they were able to lure the Blue Angels for the 2013 event set for June 8-9. However, federal budget cuts labeled as "sequestration" after an impasse in Washington forced the grounding of most of the armed forces demonstration teams.
While the Ocean City Air Show lost many of its military acts, hope remained for the Blue Angels until this week, although industry insiders knew show and appearance cancelations were imminent.
"The Navy has cancelled the remaining 2013 performances of its Flight Demonstration Squadron, the Blue Angels," the statement reads. "The squadron will continue to train to maintain flying proficiency until further notice at its home station in Pensacola, Fla."
In an official statement, the Blue Angels announced federal budget cuts forced the Navy to reduce its top demonstration team to training for possible future military missions.
"Recognizing budget realities, current Defense policy states that outreach events can only be supported with local assets at no cost to the government," the statement reads. "This is one of many steps the Navy is taking to ensure resources are in place to support forces operating forward now and those training to relieve them."
In its statement, the Navy announced it was reluctantly grounding the Blue Angels in terms of air shows and appearances, but would renew the outreach program in the future if and when the budget situation improves.
"The Navy believes there is value in demonstrating the professionalism and capabilities of our Navy and Marine Corps Naval Aviation team, thus inspiring future generations of sailors and marines," the statement reads. "The Navy intends to continue aerial demonstrations in the future as the budget situation permits."
While certainly disappointing, the Blue Angels' announcement this week certainly wasn't unexpected. Ocean City Air Show producer Bryan Lilley in February briefed the Ocean City Mayor and Council on the potential grounding of military demonstration teams for air shows around the country this year and told town officials the show would go on as planned regardless of the outcome of sequestration. Lilley this week said the Blue Angels announcement, while disappointing, did not signal a negative for the event.
"The reality is, it isn't really a setback in terms of the Ocean City Air Show," he said. "What is playing out now is what I outlined for the Mayor and Council earlier this year."
Instead of featuring the Blue Angels and other military demonstration teams, the Ocean City Air Show will now rely on a talented group of some of the nation's top civilian performers including jet demos, aerobatic performers, formation flight teams, parachute jump teams and others. Lilley promised the show will provide the thrills enthusiasts have enjoyed for the last few years even without its signature military teams.
"Take the fact that we're going to have fast-flying airplanes over a crowded beach and it's like having fireworks over a beach," he said. "It will still give people a reason to go to the beach and we're taking it as a positive."
Lilley said having the top civilian acts performing at the 2013 show, along with the fact several air shows all over the country including many in the mid-Atlantic region have already outright canceled their shows, has the potential to make the resort's show in June one of the best of the year.
"Couple that with the contraction in the air show business and it looks like we're going to be the only air show in the state and throughout the mid-Atlantic region," he said. "If you want to see an air show this year, you're going to have to go to Ocean City. There are huge numbers of air shows being canceled all over the country, but we're moving forward."
In short, Lilley said the federal budget cuts that eliminated the performances of the top military demonstration teams could end up being a blessing in disguise for the Ocean City Air Show this year. He reported being close to inking one of the top civilian jet teams for the 2013 event.
"Sequestration could turn out to be a positive for Ocean City," he said. "We're going to have an all-civilian all-star lineup. We know who the headliners are going to be, we're just not at a point where we're ready to announce that. We will have jet planes, and all I can say is, they will have afterburners."


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Isiah Killinger smacked a 3-run homer over the 230 ft. fence, his second of the year, to highlight the hitting attack produced by Knights of Columbus during a 17-4 victory Friday against Foster Family Medicine Center Ravens in Moberly Midget Baseball League age 12U?division play.
The win keeps the Knights' record perfect at 5-0 this season while the Ravens fall to 2-2.
Nick Gelina drove in 4 runs hitting a pair of doubles and a single for the cause. Ben Heimann had a RBI triple, while Dawson Carver doubled and Will Smothers singled during the game.
Winning pitcher Luke Vitt went the distance for the Knights of Columbus. He scattered four hits and walks while recording six strikeouts across 4 innings.
Losing pitcher for FFMC Ravens was starter Seth Smith who surrendered 11 runs in 1 2/3 innings of work. Smith issued seven walks and gave up five hits. Chance Richards came in relief to finish the game. Richards walked five batters and struck out two, and he was charged with 6 runs.
Christian Fugate belted a 3-run homer and hit a double in a losing effort for the Ravens. Trey?Koester had a double and Smith singled.


text: Learning to read is not actually that easy. from shutterstock.com May 10, 2017 Explainer: how the brain changes when we learn to read Nicola Bell, The University of Queensland We are not hard-wired to read. It has taken thousands of years of practice to forge connections in our brains to help us do this.


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More underwater pings heard in hunt for plane
A ship searching for the missing Malaysian jet has detected two more underwater signals that may be emanating from the aircraft's black boxes, and the Australian official in charge of the search expressed hope Wednesday that the plane's wreckage will soon be found.
Angus Houston, the head of a joint agency coordinating the search for the missing plane in the southern Indian Ocean, said that the Australian navy's Ocean Shield picked up the two signals in a sweep on Tuesday, and that analysis of two sounds detected in the same area last week showed they were consistent with a plane's black boxes.
"I'm now optimistic that we will find the aircraft, or what is left of the aircraft, in the not too distant future – but we haven't found it yet, because this is a very challenging business," Houston said at a news conference in Perth, the hub for the search operation.
The Ocean Shield first detected underwater sounds on Saturday before losing them, but managed to pick up the signals again on Tuesday, Houston said. The ship is equipped with a U.S. Navy towed pinger locator that is designed to detect signals from a plane's two black boxes – the flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder.
A data analysis of the signals detected Saturday determined they were stable, distinct and clear sounds that pulsed consistently – indicating they were coming from a plane's black box, Houston said.
"(The analysts) therefore assess that the transmission was not of natural origin and was likely sourced from specific electronic equipment," Houston said. "They believe the signals to be consistent with the specification and description of a flight data recorder."
Despite the promising evidence, Houston warned that he could not yet conclude that searchers had pinpointed Flight 370's crash site.
"I think that we're looking in the right area, but I'm not prepared to say – to confirm – anything until such time as somebody lays eyes on the wreckage," he said.
Finding the black boxes quickly is a matter of urgency, because their locator beacons have a battery life of only about a month – and Tuesday marked exactly one month since the plane vanished. Once the beacons blink off, locating the black boxes in such deep water would be an immensely difficult, if not impossible, task.
Houston acknowledged that they were running out of time, and noted that the signals picked up on Tuesday were weaker and briefer than the ones heard over the weekend – suggesting that, if they are coming from the plane's black boxes, the batteries are dying. The two signals detected on Saturday lasted two hours and 20 minutes and 13 minutes, respectively; the sounds heard Tuesday lasted just 5 and a half minutes and 7 minutes.
"So we need to, as we say in Australia, `make hay while the sun shines,"' Houston said.
Picking up the sound again is crucial to narrowing the search area so a small submarine can be deployed to chart a potential debris field on the seafloor, which is about 4,500 meters (14,800 feet) deep. If the autonomous sub was used now with the sparse data collected so far, covering all the potential places from which the pings might have come would take days, if not weeks. It takes the sub six times longer to cover the same area than it does the towed pinger, Houston said.
"The better Ocean Shield can define the area, the easier it will be for the autonomous underwater vehicle to subsequently search for aircraft wreckage," he said.
Houston said a decision had not yet been made on how long searchers would to wait after the final sound was heard before the sub was deployed, saying only that time was "not far away." He smiled but did not reply when asked if the sub would be deployed on Wednesday.
"Hopefully in a matter of days, we will be able to find something on the bottom that might confirm that this is the last resting place of MH370," he said.
Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 vanished March 8 on a trip from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, to Beijing with 239 people on board, sparking one of aviation's biggest mysteries. The search has shifted from waters off of Vietnam, to the Strait of Malacca and then to waters in the southern Indian Ocean as data from radar and satellites was further analyzed.
But finding any wreckage in such deep water has proved to be a monumental task. In addition to the depth and remoteness of the area, search crews are also contending with layers of silt on the sea floor that can both hide any possible wreckage and distort the sounds emanating from the black boxes that may be resting there, said Royal Australian Navy commodore Peter Leavy, who is helping to lead the search.
Meanwhile, the search for debris on the ocean surface picked up intensity on Wednesday, with 15 planes and 14 ships scouring a 75,427 square kilometer (29,121 square mile) area that extends from 2,261 kilometers (1,405 miles) northwest of Perth.
The search zone, though still vast, is about a third the size it was just a few days ago, having been narrowed down based on the sounds picked up by Ocean Shield. Officials are hoping to find something from the plane on the ocean surface to confirm the aircraft entered the water in that area.
Associated Press writers Kristen Gelineau in Sydney, and Rod McGuirk in Canberra, Australia, contributed to this report.


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Chinese roast duck is a famous dish, and dozens of restaurants in Taipei City offer this specialty. But excellent roast duck is hard to find due to the difficulty of cooking it. Among the kitchens specializing in the dish, Dragon Restaurant (龍都酒樓), or Long Du in Chinese, is a favorite of many serious diners.
Established in 1983, Long Du is a Cantonese restaurant about a 10-minute walk from the Zhongshan MRT Station (中山站). Its roast duck was voted No. 2 in Taiwan in a roast duck survey conducted by Taiwanese search engine Yam (蕃薯藤) last year. The restaurant is always busy, so I made a reservation about half a month ago. Within minutes of our arrival, my family and I were seated at our big round table on the first floor of the three-story restaurant. Although the seating was tight, the high ceiling and chandeliers that hung above added a nice touch to the room.
We ordered four appetizers for NT$50 each: kelp, burdock, century eggs, and dried radishes. In 15 minutes, the waitress served our pre-ordered Cantonese Roast Duck (廣式片皮鴨, NT$1,200) — along with the garnishes: thin pancakes, green onions and sweet bean sauce.
Eating at Long Du is as much about watching a performance as it is about eating good food. Our waitress first showed us the whole duck, including the head, and asked how we would like it to be cut. Unlike Peking duck, which is cooked with less seasoning and consists mostly of crispy skin and little meat, there are two ways to do it at Long Du: cut the meat with or without the skin. Our duck was large enough for us to enjoy it both ways. She then skillfully sliced the duck into small pieces and arranged them on two plates beautifully next to our table. I felt like I was watching an exciting cooking show.
Address: 18-1, Ln 105, Zhongshan N Rd Sec 1, Taipei City (台北市中山北路一段105巷18-1號)
Telephone: (02) 2563-9293
Open: Mondays to Fridays from 11:30am to 2pm and 5:45pm to 9pm; Saturdays and Sundays from 11:20am to 2pm and 5:45pm to 9pm
Average meal: NT$500
Details: Menu in Chinese, English and Japanese; credit cards accepted; 10 percent service charge
For the first plate, the crispy skin, duck fat, and juicy meat were a perfect combination. But for the second, the meat was slightly dry since the fat was trimmed. How to eat Chinese roast duck properly? Always remember to fold the bottom of your duck pancake, because the sauce may drip on your lap if you fail to do it right.
Apart from its signature duck, Long Du is famous for its popular Cantonese Duck Congee (薑絲皮蛋鴨骨粥, NT$300), which is a must try. Our congee was cooked with the duck meat and bones left over from the carved bird, century eggs, and shredded ginger. The robust duck flavor penetrated the perfectly boiled creamy rice.
One cannot go to a Cantonese restaurant without ordering some dim sum. Long Du offers over 30 varieties of dim sum priced between NT$78 and NT$128. We ordered Sesame Balls (流沙芝麻球, NT$78), Radish Cakes (臘味蘿蔔糕, NT$78), Spare Ribs (豉汁蒸排骨, NT$90), Spring Rolls (上海炸春捲, NT$90), Barbecue Pork Pastries (蜜汁叉燒酥, NT$100) and Radish Pastries (蘿蔔絲酥餅, NT$100). I enjoyed the moist filling of the radish pastries and strongly recommend the dish. But some of the dishes are only available at lunch, including radish pastries. If you prefer dim sum, it's better to go for lunch.
For the big meal for seven adults, I paid NT$3,390 (NT$485 per person), including a 10-percent service charge. The restaurant offers a NT$100 coupon for every NT$1,000 spent, so I received three NT$100 coupons for my next visit. Overall, Long Du was a pleasant dining experience. It is a good choice for all duck lovers and whoever likes to try one of the signature dishes of Chinese cuisine.


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|OU Football Tradition | History of the OU Helmet
Oklahoma football is instantly recognizable to fans across the country by the familiar crimson helmet bedecked with interlocking white OU logos. Oklahoma has worn a version of the crimson helmet with OU logo since the 1966 season.
Prior to 1966, the Sooners sported white helmets with a crimson stripe down the center with crimson numerals on both sides (1957-65) and the same helmet without the numerals (1946-56).
The crimson on the OU helmet was updated with a richer, metallic paint for the 2000 season. The Sooners celebrated by winning the school's seventh national championship.