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- Nicole Martin
- New Jersey
- Remixing my wardrobe to create buzz-worthy, office-approved outfits! Find out more at: Creating Panache.
Blog Archive
- 2012 (26)
- 2011 (136)
- Sponsor Employed Panache
- Merry Christmas & Happy New Year!
- Review of 2010
- Orange Sweater & Plaid
- Graphic T-Shirt & Layers
- Cubicle Chic Guest Post
- Granny Chic
- Shine Into the New Year Winner!
- Casual Holiday Party
- Hello Blogosphere!
- Purple Polka Dots
- Oversized Skirt
- 100th Post, Holiday Dresses, & Giveaway!!
- Laid Back Chambray & Skinny Trousers
- Friend Friday: Blogger Burnout
- Wool Sweater & Summer Dress
- Do Over with a Scarf
- November(21)
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- September(17)
- August(16)
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- June(5)
- December(17)
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Tuesday, December 28, 2010
Sponsor Employed Panache
Employed Panache is looking for sponsors for 2011! My readers are professional women who love fashion and want to bring that part of their life into their work environment. I have a variety of sponsorship options, and will discount for a multi-month purchase.
For more stats, please visit the Sponsor Me! page. If you are interested in working together, e-mail me at firstname.lastname@example.com with the subject line "Sponsor Inquiry"
I'm looking forward to working with you ~ Happy New Year!
Labels: Sponsor Employed Panache
Friday, December 24, 2010
Merry Christmas & Happy New Year!
Employed Panache will be taking a posting break over the next week so that I can be present while celebrating the holidays with family and friends. I'll also be working on content and new projects behind the scenes :) I hope you all have a wonderful holiday if you celebrate Christmas, and an amazing New Year! See you in 2011!
Labels: Happy New Year, Merry Christmas
Thursday, December 23, 2010
Review of 2010
I Fought the Law ~ Queen of Rap ~ Just Keep Your Head ~ Glitter on the Wet Streets ~ Black Knee Socks ~ Chartreuse & Lace
Buttoned Down & Untucked ~ She & Him ~ Casual Friday ~ Laid Back Chambray ~ Oversized Skirt ~ Purple Polka Dots
Can you believe we have about 1 week left of 2010?!? I can't believe that I've been blogging for 6 months now! It's pretty amazing to see how my personal style has changed over this short amount of time. I would certainly be lying if I said that my style would have changed whether I was blogging or not.
As I looked through all my photos, I can clearly see how over the summer, my style started out more relaxed. Still office appropriate, but what I wore could easily be worn on the weekend too. Then one post changed how I viewed my style, due to the overwhelmingly positive feedback from my readers. From that point forward, I decided to work more traditional professional pieces and menswear inspired pieces into my wardrobe. I think that the change is clear, but I obviously still like to dress more relaxed from time to time. Growing up as a tomboy, I don't think that will ever change ;)
Do you have a favorite Employed Panache outfit? Let me know, I'd love to hear!!
I also loved looking through these posts and seeing how the format of the blog changed, remembering what I learned about blogging and networking with others, and re-living accomplishments (Forbes.com anyone?!?!!). 2011, bring it on - I'm ready for ya! ;)
Labels: Corporate Style, Personal Branding, Wardrobe, Year in Review
Wednesday, December 22, 2010
Orange Sweater & Plaid
|sweater: JCrew (gift & OLD) ~ skirt: Gap Outlet ($19) ~ shoes: Steve Madden via Famous Footwear ($14) ~ necklace: Macy's ($11)
Date: December 21, 2010
Message ensemble: Not really sure why I wore a skirt to work yesterday... it's a slow week, I had no major meetings, and it was freezing out! Maybe it's because I've been wanting to wear this orange sweater with my plaid skirt since before it got cold enough for wool sweaters :) Actually, I wore a similar outfit several weekends ago, but I paired the skirt with a burnt orange sweater from my Hubby's side of the closet... unfortunately, the over sized look isn't really office appropriate.
Has your office been super quiet this week too? Or are you one of those who aren't even there (if so, good for you!) Well, other than that, not much to say today... I definitely have Christmas on the brain! I ended up wrapping gifts last night and never even thought about blogging. Please don't take offense... it's just that Christmas rules all! And, at least I got the Husband's gifts wrapped and hidden before he got home... total win! ;)
Labels: Corporate Style, Famous Footwear, Gap, JCrew, Macy's, Personal Branding, Wardrobe, Winter
Monday, December 20, 2010
Graphic T-Shirt & Layers
|t-shirt: Threadless ($10) ~ button down: H&M ($15) ~ sweater: Banana Republic (gift) ~ belt: Target ($17) ~ jeans: Target ($14) ~ boots: Bandolino via Macy's ($85ish)
Date: December 3, 2010
Message ensemble: Very simple - it was Friday and I wanted a laid-back look! And, I wanted it to revolve around my new graphic t-shirt from Threadless (yay Black Friday sale :) I don't often wear graphic t-shirts to the office, but I know that the Day Job will tolerate them on Fridays.
I had also recently read this post by Tamia of Style Sample and was inspired! What do you guys think - did I pull off the many layers well? I can see myself layering similarly over the upcoming 4 day weekend :)
Labels: autumn, Banana Republic, Boots, Casual Friday, Corporate Style, HM, Macy's, Personal Branding, Sheer, Target, Wardrobe
Friday, December 17, 2010
Cubicle Chic Guest Post
TGIF! If you've been as busy as me lately, then you may not have known that Lindsay and Meredith over at Cubicle Chic hosted a Work Style Week. Today was my day for a guest post! I took one fun and festive skirt and created 3 ways to wear it from the office directly to the party afterwards. Check it out!
Labels: Corporate Style, Cubicle Chic, guest post, Holiday, Wardrobe
Thursday, December 16, 2010
Granny Chic
|shirt: Limited (gift) ~ sweater: Target ($16ish) ~ skirt: thrifted via Goodwill ($8) ~ boots: Ann Klein via Macy's ($115) ~ brooch, bangle, mittens: gifts ~ earrings: Jess LC ($16 holiday sale!)
Date: December 15, 2010
Ensemble message: The goal for today was to be comfortable sitting in hours upon hours of meetings, but to also look pulled together enough to make an appearance at a NY Style Blogger soiree right after work. I didn't really have time to put together a second outfit to change into at the office, so I needed something that would carry me through the day.
I just thrifted this long wool skirt the other night on a spontaneous trip to Goodwill. I like that it's long, because it is FREEZING in the NYC area this week. I also like that the plaid, colors, and overall style feels very wintery and holiday-like. I'm already planning on wearing this skirt on Christmas Day! I kinda felt like a grandma in the outfit, and Sammy from Sammy Davis Vintage rightfully called my look Granny Chic. And I'm totally ok with that :) My new earrings from Jess LC were also a great touch - perfectly dainty to wear every day!
Speaking of, last night was my first ever blogger meet up. SO. MUCH. FUN! I loved meeting everyone, especially Sammy and Lindsay & Meredith of Cubicle Chic, who I all speak to via the interwebs pretty much on a daily basis. As soon as I get copies of the pictures, I will post them :)
Tuesday, December 14, 2010
Shine Into the New Year Winner!
Hi everyone! This week is bananas already, and I've been working at home until late hours. But I didn't want to forget to announce the winner of the giveaway! Congratulations to Katie W!!! Random.org gave me 2 as the result. Katie, I'll e-mail you in a few, be on the look out! :)
Well, back to work for me... but, I'll try to squeeze in an outfit post tomorrow. I'm trying to get as much work done as possible because I have a NYC Style Blogger Soiree to attend tomorrow night! Definitely don't want to miss that :)
Labels: giveaway, nystylesoiree
Monday, December 13, 2010
Casual Holiday Party
|blazer: BCBG via Macy's ($55) ~ t-shirt & scarf: H&M ($8 each) ~ jeans: Target ($14) ~ shoes: Sam Edelman via Nordstrom Rack ($100)
Date: December 10, 2010
Ensemble message: Last Friday, the HR department had their annual holiday party. We had an afternoon get-together at a local pub, which was pretty much schmoozing, eating fried appetizers, and having the Day Job buy me a couple rounds. Very laid back, so I felt no pressure to dress up.
I did want to be somewhat festive, so I donned my black blazer and a sparkly scarf. Just enough to show everyone that I do care about the holidays, but not overboard with holiday sweaters. Indeed there were several folks with full-on festive sweaters... I can't say that any fell in the "ugly Christmas sweater" category, but it was definitely a bit over the top for me. Either way, it was nice that everyone showed their holiday spirit and escaped the office a few hours early, despite it being a busy time of year for us.
How did your office celebrate the holidays this year?!?
Labels: Casual Friday, Corporate Style, HM, Macy's, Office Party, Personal Branding, Sam Edelman, Scarf, Targetbla, Wardrobe
Saturday, December 11, 2010
Hello Blogosphere!
|source: The Upside of Wonder
Happy weekend! My typical Friday post never occurred due to an afternoon holiday party at the Day Job. You'll get to see what I wore on Monday :) It was laid back and fun, and over by 5pm... so I went directly out to dinner with The Hubby and friends. It was kinda nice to ignore my blogger duties for 12 hours, but now I'm back :) Just a few quick things for you this morning...
- Amanda at The Upside of Wonder featured me in the 5th edition of her "Hello Blogosphere!" series. It's a great way to discover new bloggers, and Amanda has a sweet vintage style that I personally love. Plus she has an Etsy shop full of thrifted and vintage finds!
- Don't forget to enter my giveaway! I know some people had issues commenting (which I'm still working on, sorry everyone!) so I'm also allowing you to e-mail me with your entry. So far I've had only a few entries, so don't forget to get yours in. Just 3 days to go!
- Finally, Friday posts are usually reserved for Friend Friday topics, but I decided to take a back seat this week. See, the topic was on reader connectedness and how you draw people to your blog. I feel like I am not one to comment yet on this because I am still very much figuring it out myself! Head over to ModlyChic to check out Katy's answers and links to everyone else's.
Ok, well, that's it for this morning! Enjoy your weekend everyone :)
Thursday, December 9, 2010
Purple Polka Dots
Giveaway Update: If you are having trouble commenting, please send me an e-mail and let me know how you are following Employed Panache. I don't want anyone missing out on the goodies!!
Ensemble message: I wore this outfit a couple weeks ago but never got to post it. I believe it was still fairly warm out (compared to the 20's now in the morning), and I remember really, really loving this outfit! If we get an odd day with highs in the 40's I will probably wear it again.
|shirt: Gap (gift) ~ skirt: Kensi via Macy's (free with gift card) ~ cardigan: Target ($15) ~ belt: Target ($17) ~ shoes: Marc Fischer via Macy's ($36)
Date: November 23, 2010
Ensemble message: I wore this outfit a couple weeks ago but never got to post it. I believe it was still fairly warm out (compared to the 20's now in the morning), and I remember really, really loving this outfit! If we get an odd day with highs in the 40's I will probably wear it again.
That day, I had a ton of meetings to go to. The actual clothing items were professional (skirt, blouse, cardi) but the colors were so much fun. My sister gave me this blouse for Christmas a couple years ago, and I found it difficult to wear with my wardrobe at the time. But I saw the potential and held onto it... and thank goodness too, because now I love it! I also wore it here and look forward to re-mixing it again.
Labels: autumn, Chartreuse, Corporate Style, Gap, giveaway, grey, Macy's, Personal Branding, Polka Dots, Prints, Remix, Target, Wardrobe
Wednesday, December 8, 2010
Oversized Skirt
|turtleneck: Banana Republic ($30ish) ~ skirt: Gap (gift) ~ belt: Target ($16) ~ shoes: Marc Fischer via Macy's ($36) ~ necklace: Macy's ($11)
Date: December 8, 2010
Ensemble message: I had a ton of meetings today with all levels of folks, so I wanted to wear something a little more office traditional. I had originally wanted to wear my wool shorts, but I figured a funkier look may take away from my credibility when trying to strategically influence those above me ;) I'll save the shorts for another day!
I've had my eye on this skirt in my closet because it is made of thick, warm wool. I knew it would be perfect once the temperatures headed downwards. But, I discovered that it's now a little big on me! If worn at my hips, it hits below my knees, which isn't very flattering. So at the last minute, I hiked it up and belted it - instant high-waisted skirt!
|Nail polish color is the same as the one I'm giving away - I treated myself to a bottle. Love this color!!
Have you entered my giveaway yet? Well, why not?! ;)
Labels: autumn, Banana Republic, Corporate Style, Gap, giveaway, Macy's, Personal Branding, Turtleneck, Wardrobe
Tuesday, December 7, 2010
100th Post, Holiday Dresses, & Giveaway!!
Happy 100th Blog Post to Employed Panache!! Who's excited?! I'm excited!!! Ok, maybe it's just me ;) What a great day to have my 100th post... not only do I give you my picks for office holiday party dresses, but I am also hosting my very 1st giveaway!!
First, the dresses... The key to dressing for a work party is to make sure you're not showing too much leg or cleavage, and that the outfit isn't too tight either. But, this doesn't mean that your outfit needs to be boring! Check out these picks... all dresses because in my opinion, a dress is the easiest outfit to style.
For those on a budget who want a fun and playful dress (all from Forever21):
These dresses are perfect for a holiday party with dancing! Fair warning: if you're really tall or leggy, be sure to try these on first... since Forever21 is a juniors store, some of their skirts can be extra short.
For those on a budget who want a more professional look (all from Target):
I love these dresses... demure but stylish with clean lines! The best part? You are guaranteed to wear them again to another event!
For those who can afford to spend more and want something between playful and professional (all from ModCloth):
Similar to the dresses from Target, but with fun details like sequins or rosettes.
For those who can afford to spend more and want something with more coverage (all from Macy's):
Maybe I'm getting conservative in my old age, but I am loving every. Single. Dress! So classy but still fun... and definitely no frump here :)
Accessories for every budget (from Forever21 and Ann Taylor Loft):
Ok, and now what you all skipped to the bottom for...
Employed Panache's Shine into the New Year Giveaway!
As I mentioned above, this is my 100th post and I am blown away by all of YOU! Not only have I networked with some amazing bloggers, but I also love hearing all of your comments. And let's not forget my dear lurkers... I know you're out there, Google Analytics tells me so ;) So as a THANK YOU to my readers, I am giving away 4 fun items that will help you sparkle and shine into the new year:
First, the dresses... The key to dressing for a work party is to make sure you're not showing too much leg or cleavage, and that the outfit isn't too tight either. But, this doesn't mean that your outfit needs to be boring! Check out these picks... all dresses because in my opinion, a dress is the easiest outfit to style.
For those on a budget who want a fun and playful dress (all from Forever21):
|Find them here, here, and here.
For those on a budget who want a more professional look (all from Target):
|Find them here, here, and here.
For those who can afford to spend more and want something between playful and professional (all from ModCloth):
|Find them here, here, and here.
For those who can afford to spend more and want something with more coverage (all from Macy's):
|Find them here, here, and here.
Accessories for every budget (from Forever21 and Ann Taylor Loft):
|Top row: here, here, and here
Bottom row: here, here, and here
Ok, and now what you all skipped to the bottom for...
Employed Panache's Shine into the New Year Giveaway!
As I mentioned above, this is my 100th post and I am blown away by all of YOU! Not only have I networked with some amazing bloggers, but I also love hearing all of your comments. And let's not forget my dear lurkers... I know you're out there, Google Analytics tells me so ;) So as a THANK YOU to my readers, I am giving away 4 fun items that will help you sparkle and shine into the new year:
- Anthropologie 2011 desktop calendar
- Essence nail polish in Walk of Fame and Gold Rush
- Target jeweled headband
It's totally easy to enter, and you can enter multiple times! Here's how:
- Follow Employed Panache through Bloglovin', Blogger, or Feedburner. Then, leave a comment to let me know, along with an e-mail address so I can contact you if you win.
- Follow Employed Panache on Twitter and then tweet about this giveaway. Be sure to mention me, and then leave a comment here with your e-mail address.
- Like Employed Panache on Facebook, and leave a comment with your e-mail address.
Giveaway will end Tuesday December 14th at midnight EST (in other words, late Monday night). Good luck! :)
Labels: Ann Taylor Loft, Anthropologie, bloglovin', Corporate Style, Facebook, Forever21, giveaway, Holiday, Office Party, Target
Monday, December 6, 2010
Laid Back Chambray & Skinny Trousers
|shirt: Old Navy ($25) ~ sweater: Express ($25ish) ~ pants: Target ($22) ~ shoes: Sam Edelman via Nordstrom Rack ($100) ~ earrings: Express (gift)
Date: December 6, 2010
Ensemble message: It's Monday. It feels like winter (even though we are 15 days away). My tummy has hurt all day, probably due to eating too many wings, chicken fingers, and pizza yesterday (super healthy, I know). Oh, and my boss in on vacation and I had zero meetings because I thought I would be traveling today. So, today called for pants, layers, and general
laziness simplicity. Nothing super exciting going on here, but I feel pulled together and really, what more could you ask for on a Monday?
I know that it snowed a lot in the mid-west... how are you guys coping with that weather and staying fashionable? Or are you just throwing style out the window for now??
OH! Some news that I hope you find to be exciting! I'm posting my very first giveaway tomorrow!!! It's unsponsored, meaning I bought the prize with my own money. I wanted to do this as a small token of thanks to my readers. I can't believe what Employed Panache has become over a short span of five and a half months, and it's all due to YOU! So be sure to check back tomorrow :)
Labels: autumn, Corporate Style, giveaway, Nordstrom Rack, Old Navy, Personal Branding, Sam Edelman, Wardrobe
Friday, December 3, 2010
Friend Friday: Blogger Burnout
TGIF! This has been a long, stressful week for me friends. I'm not sure how I made it to Friday, and I don't feel like I really accomplished anything (ever feel like that??) So, this week's Fashion Beauty Friend Friday topic truly hits the nail on the head! Because I've been crazed all week, I opted to write up my answers though I think a video would have emphasized what burnout can do to someone ;) So this week's questions were:
1. How many hours a week do you spend blogging? Has that number changed since you started blogging?
2. There is always more you can do, write, read, comment on... how do you limit your time spent on these tasks?
3. Have you experienced Blogger burnout yet? How have you dealt with that?
4. This time of the year is always a lot busier than any other time. Will your blogging change as a result?
5. Could you forsee a moment in which you are not blogging anymore? How would you you identify that it's time to walk away?
On average, I probably spend about 15 hours blogging per week. This includes taking pictures, writing my posts, reading other blogs, commenting and replying to comments, etc. Now that I have a format down pat, it's probably less than when I started. However, there are some weeks were I can spend up to 5+ hours more if I'm concentrating on the design of Employed Panache or reaching out to others on collaborations or sponsorships.
I probably struggle weekly to cram everything into my life, and this was true even before I started blogging. So, when things become overwhelming, I've learned to stop myself and assess what really needs to get done, what can be postponed, and what can be skipped altogether. In this, I also prioritize my life in general... and when it comes down to it, family/my husband, the Day Job, and my friends always round out the top 3. So if necessary, I just will not blog. That scenario has come up a few times in the past several months, mainly when I've been traveling for business. Blogging is a fantastic hobby, but right now, that's all it is: a hobby. While I have high expectations of where Employed Panache could go, and I am open to re-prioritizing if the opportunity arises, there are other things in my life right now that take precedent.
I have definitely felt blogger burnout during days when life is too crazy. That's how I figured out how to think logically through what matters most and then proceed without guilt. So, there have been some weeks when I just did not post on all 5 days. I also learned to deal with burnout by making myself take time off. The Blog Herald had a great article back in August on re-energizing as a blogger, and the point about scheduling vacation time stuck with me. I purposely do not write blog posts on the weekend, and with it being the holiday season, I have planned some time off... I blogged only 4 out of 5 days during Thanksgiving week, and I will probably not post at all during the week between Christmas and New Year's. Again, Employed Panache is not my main source of income, and while I really enjoy doing it, in the end it's not worth stressing over.
There are several moments when I can see me not blogging anymore: If it's not fun anymore. If I get some sort of awesome promotion and my work/life balance shifts dramatically. If I become pregnant (!!!)... though I hope I can keep up blogging from that perspective one day. I think it would be hysterical to read about my experience since the Hubby and I have no knowledge or understanding of pregnancy, parenting, etc. :)
All in all, blogger burnout is very similar to burnout from work, school, etc. You need to find that balance and prioritize what's really important to you and what makes you happy. How do you guys deal with burnout - blogger or otherwise??
The Friend Friday project by Modly Chic is a way for fashion bloggers to share more about themselves and create a friendly connection with other bloggers. Join the conversation by joining the Fashion Beauty Friend Friday Google Group.
Labels: Burnout, Fashion Beauty Friend Friday, FBFF, Work Life Balance
Thursday, December 2, 2010
Wool Sweater & Summer Dress
|sweater: JCrew (gift) ~ skirt: actually a dress, thrifted from Beacon's Closet ($14) ~ boots: Bandolino via Macy's ($85ish) ~ necklace: F21 ($5)
Date: December 2, 2010
Ensemble message: You guys. It was a long, long day. I watched 36 co-ops present their final projects, and also provided feedback to each. Don't get me wrong, I love love love interacting with the co-ops, but I wish we could break this day into 2! So, please forgive me for making this short and kinda babbling.
By the way, not sure what a co-op is? It's an intern, but for 6 months. These students take a full semester off to come work for the Day Job and get experience. Yeah, we pay them too, which is a nice perk ;) It was really nice to see each of them dressed exactly as I would expect: either in a suit or very nice professional clothes. Clearly the business etiquette course they took at the start of the co-op really left an impression (thanks Jonna! :)
Do any of you have interns or co-ops at your job? If you do, I really encourage you to interact with them... even if you have little experience, you could still be a great mentor to them!
Labels: autumn, Boots, Corporate Style, grey, JCrew, Macy's, Mentoring, Personal Branding, Thrift, Wardrobe
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Archived Panache
- ► 2011 (136)
- Sponsor Employed Panache
- Merry Christmas & Happy New Year!
- Review of 2010
- Orange Sweater & Plaid
- Graphic T-Shirt & Layers
- Cubicle Chic Guest Post
- Granny Chic
- Shine Into the New Year Winner!
- Casual Holiday Party
- Hello Blogosphere!
- Purple Polka Dots
- Oversized Skirt
- 100th Post, Holiday Dresses, & Giveaway!!
- Laid Back Chambray & Skinny Trousers
- Friend Friday: Blogger Burnout
- Wool Sweater & Summer Dress
- Do Over with a Scarf
- ▼ December (17)


text:
Adaptive reference pattern for spread spectrum detection claims
A receiver for detecting spread spectrum binary data particularly on a power line in the presence of channel distortion. In one embodiment a standard pattern ideally suited for minimal distortion in the channel is used in conjunction with an alternate pattern which is developed to better detect carrier and data in the presence of certain channel distortion. The receiver switches between the standard and alternate pattern to provide improved detection. In another embodiment an adaptive pattern is used which is developed from the receive signal. For instance, the signal over several bit times is averaged to provide a pattern which is correlated with a receive signal.
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1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to the field of spread spectrum communication.
2. Prior Art
Digital communications over power lines as well as other media using a spread spectrum signal which relies on correlation for the detection of the digital signals is well known. For example, see U.S. Pat. No. 4,979,183. Other examples of such communications can be found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,289,498; 5,263,050; 5,090,024; 5,278,862 and 5,359,625.
The spread spectrum signal can in some cases be distorted, particularly on power lines. For example, a power supply in a television can sufficiently distort the signal to cause misdetection. In co-pending application Ser. No. 08/534,574, filed Sep. 27, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,579,335 entitled "Split Band Processing for Spread Spectrum Communications" (assigned to the Assignee of the present invention) an apparatus and method are described for dealing with the distortion by, in general terms, dividing or splitting the broad band, spread spectrum signal into sub-bands and separately processing the sub-bands before recombinating the sub-bands.
The present invention provides another method and apparatus where the reference pattern used for detecting data is altered either by using different patterns or by using an adaptive pattern.
The invention describes several different patterns for use in correlation with a received signal in a spread spectrum system. In one embodiment, a standard reference pattern is used with an alternate pattern selected to provide higher correlation values in the presence of certain channel distortion. In another embodiment, samples from the received signal are used to provide an adaptive correlation reference signal. Other embodiments are described in the detailed description of the invention.
FIG. 1A illustrates an LC circuit coupled to a power line.
FIG. 1B illustrates the network of FIG. 1 when diodes are conducting and an additional impedance is coupled to the power line.
FIG. 2 is a graph used to illustrate the impedances associated with FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B.
FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating channel distortion which may occur on a power line.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment of the present invention where a standard pattern and an alternate pattern are used in conjunction with the correlator.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an alternate embodiment of the present invention where an adaptive pattern is developed from the received signal.
FIG. 6 is a state diagram used to describe the operation of the embodiments of FIGS. 4 and 5.
FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a particular circuit for providing the adaptive pattern.
FIG. 8 are mathematical terms used to describe the operation of the circuit of FIG. 7.
FIG. 9 is a diagram used to describe another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 illustrates the method employed for using the embodiment of FIG. 9.
FIG. 11 is a block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention where an adaptive pattern is developed from the receive signal and a standard pattern.
A method and apparatus are described for improving performance in a spread spectrum system, particularly one which transmits data over a power line. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth such as a specific number of samples in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known correlation techniques are not described in detail to prevent the present invention from being obscured.
Source of Distortion on Power Line
Distortion of a spread spectrum signal transmitted over a power line can make it difficult to detect the presence of a valid spread spectrum signal (i.e., carrier) and binary data. It is helpful to understand the cause and characteristics of this distortion before understanding the details of the present invention.
In FIG. 1A inductor 10 and capacitor 11 are illustrated. These represent the inductance of a power cord of an appliance or the like having a DC power supply and the EMC capacitor often found across the supply side of diodes in the power supply. With the diodes off (nonconducting) the inductor 10 and capacitor 11 create a relatively high Q circuit which can provide a relatively large source of distortion for spread spectrum signals on a power line. When the diodes conduct as represented in FIG. 1B, there is additionally a capacitor 12 used to filter the DC output from the diodes and a load represented by the resistor 13. The resistor 13 provides substantial damping to the circuit thereby lowering the Q of the circuit and the associated distortion. Since the diodes turn "on" and "off" during the AC cycle, the distortion exhibits a time-varying nature that is dependent on the frequency of the AC line.
The channel distortion with the circuit of FIGS. 1A and 1B are shown in FIG. 3. The high Q circuit of FIG. 1 A produces notch-like filter characteristics as shown by notches 20, 21 and 22. These notches and associated phase shifts cause substantial distortion to a spread spectrum signal. The frequency of the notches, since they depend on the values of L and C, may occur over the entire band used for a spread spectrum signal. In comparison line 24 represents a constant impedance that does not distort a spread spectrum signal. When the diodes conduct as illustrated by line 25 the damping provided by the load greatly reduces the amount of distortion.
FIG. 2 is used to illustrate when the distortion occurs for the circuit of FIGS. 1A and 1B and for an assumed frequency. In a 60 cycle power system where the diodes conduct every half cycle, the impedance shifts between two values with a periodicity of approximately 8.3 msecs. A typical data packet as shown in FIG. 2 may span two or more changes in impedance. Therefore, in designing a spread spectrum system, not only must the distortion be tolerated but the change from one level of distortion to another must also be tolerated.
Embodiment of FIG. 4
In the following description the term "bit" is used in conjunction with data bits (a binary 1 or 0) and sample bits (the quantized received signal). There are 200 sample bits for each data bit time for the following embodiments except for the embodiment of FIG. 9 which may use fewer sample bits for each data bit.
A portion of a spread spectrum receiver is shown in FIG. 4, other parts of the receiver may use well-known circuits. The correlator 31 receives an input signal which is correlated with a first pattern (standard pattern) stored in the standard pattern memory 30 and an alternate pattern stored in an alternate pattern memory 32. The output of the correlator (correlation results) are used to detect both the carrier and the data binary 1's and 0's. In some cases a dynamic threshold correlation level is used for the detection of the carrier followed by the detection of the highest correlation value appearing in a window in conjunction with other processing to detect the data binary 1's and 0's. Distortion in the communication channel affects the detection of both the carrier and the data bits. For purposes of the description below, reference is made to detection of carrier in order not to over complicate the descriptions. It will be apparent that when referring to improved methods for detecting carriers that these improvements apply to data detection as well.
The standard pattern is developed generally for an ideal waveform, that is, where a data binary 1 or 0 is transmitted over a power line having minimal distortion. This is represented by the line 24 or the line 25 of FIG. 3.
The alternate pattern 32 is a pattern which compensates for certain distortion on the power line and is developed by modeling the transmission of a data binary 1 or 0 over a power line where distortion occurs. The modeling provides a pattern representative of a transmitted 1 or 0 over the power line when the distortion on the line is represented by, for example, the notched characteristics 21 of FIG. 3. An alternate pattern is selected that is representative of typical or most typical distortion found on the power line. A pattern may be selected by modeling a plurality of different distortions and then selecting a pattern which provides the highest correlation for the distortions.
For the embodiment illustrated for FIG. 4, it is assumed that the samples of the incoming signal are clocked into the correlator at the frequency f. The incoming signal is quantized in amplitude into one bit sample (sample bits). (The sample period refers to the period at which the sample bits are introduced to the correlator and not a higher sampling rate which may occur in the "front end" of the receiver). The correlator operates at the frequency 2f allowing a correlation of both the standard pattern and the alternate pattern as each new sample bit is shifted into the correlator. Alternately, two correlators may be used, one coupled to receive the standard pattern, and the other coupled to receive the alternate pattern, in this case both correlators may operate at the frequency f.
The output of the correlator 31 is coupled to the multiplexer 33. Under control of a signal 35 the multiplexer couples to line 34 either the results of the correlation with the standard pattern or the results of the correlation with the alternate pattern.
In general, the multiplexer 33 selects the correlation with the alternate pattern when distortion is present. One strategy for selecting between the correlation with the standard pattern and the alternate pattern is shown in FIG. 6.
Referring now to FIG. 6, state 50 is the beginning state. In this state for each new sample bit a correlation is performed with the standard pattern and alternate pattern and the results of both correlations are sequentially coupled by the multiplexer 33 to the carrier detection circuitry (not shown). In the data bit detection circuitry the results of the correlations are examined in a well-known manner to determine if the carrier is present and if a data binary 1 or a binary 0 has been detected. If no detection (ND) occurs as indicated by line 59 the receiver remains in state 50.
If while in state 50 carrier is detected with the standard pattern, there is a change to state 53. When this occurs correlations with only the standard pattern are used for decoding data. As long as detections occur using the standard pattern, the receiver remains in state 53. Similarly, if carrier detection occurs when using the alternate pattern, there is a change from state 50 to state 51 and the receiver remains in state 51 using only the alternate pattern. (The carrier detection, data bit detection and the window used in the prior art for examining the results of the correlation are used.)
While the receiver is in state 53 and fails to detect continued presence of carrier using the standard pattern, in the second half of the sample period in which it failed to detect data bits it examines the results of a correlation with the alternate pattern. This is shown by state 54. Similarly, if the receiver is in state 51 and fails to detect data bits using the alternate pattern, it examines the results of the correlation for the same input sample bits by using the standard pattern as shown by state 52.
Referring again to state 54, if the results of the correlation with the alternate pattern fails to detect carrier there is a return to state 50. If carrier is detected while in state 54 using the alternate pattern, there is a change to state 51 and the alternate pattern is again used in the next sample period. Similarly, if while in state 52 the correlation with the standard pattern yields valid carrier, then there is a change to state 53 and if no carrier is detected, there is a return to the initial state 50.
Referring again to FIG. 2, assume a power supply such as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B is coupled to a power line at a point that causes distortion in a transmitted signal and further that transmission begins at time 14. Prior to time 14 the receiver is in state 50. At time 14 it is more likely that a signal will be detected using the alternate pattern and that a change of state will occur to state 51 from state 50. The receiver will stay in state 51 until time 15 at which time there will be a change to state 52 and then a change to state 53. The receiver will remain in state 53 between times 15 and 16. Then at time 16 there will be a return to state 50. At time 16 there will be a change to state 54 and then a return to state 51.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the change in distortion occurs periodically with a period of 8.3 msecs. The receiver may include a circuit for recording when the distortion level changes. If it is determined by this circuit that the level changes periodically, the receiver can switch from one pattern to the other in anticipation of the change in distortion. For example, if there is high distortion and the receiver is in state 51 and it is known from the circuit that there will be a change from high to low distortion at a particular time, the receiver may change from state 51 to state 53 as shown by line 57. This change of state may occur in anticipation of the change in distortion. Similarly, if it is known when there will be a shift from the low distortion to high distortion the receiver may shift from state 53 to state 51 as shown by line 56. Additionally, since the change in distortion may occur at such a point in time as to prevent the detection of a particular data bit, the data bit-time relationship when the change occurs can be noted and this information can be used as a hint for correcting errors. This technique is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,195,098 and 5,461,629.
Adaptive Pattern
In another embodiment the alternate pattern is an adaptive pattern which is derived and updated from the incoming sample bits shown in the figures. This is illustrated in FIG. 5 where a correlator 40 receives the sample bits and correlates them with both the 200 bits of the standard pattern from the standard pattern memory 41 and an adaptive pattern (200 bits) from the adaptive pattern memory 42. As was the case with the embodiment of FIG. 4, the correlator 40 receives sample bits at the frequency f and correlates at the frequency 2f as each new sample bit is introduced into the correlator. Again, two separate correlators may be used operating at the frequency f. The correlation results are coupled to the multiplexer 44 and the multiplexer selects the correlation with either the standard pattern or the adaptive pattern under control of a signal on line 45. The output of the multiplexer, line 46, is coupled to standard processing circuitry for detecting carrier and the binary data bits.
As is typically the case, the signal samples are shifted from stage to stage within the correlator 40, however, when reaching the last stage of the correlator 40 the sample bits are coupled to the pattern memory 42 which comprises a shift register. Thus, where both the correlator 40 and register 42 have 200 stages and where the first stage of the correlator 40 contains sample bit S.sub.n+200, the first stage of the pattern register 42 contains sample bit S.sub.n. Therefore, the sample bits of the received signal are correlated with samples from one data bit time earlier.
The exclusive OR gate 47 in the line between correlator 40 and register 42 inverts the sample bits when one of the two binary data states are detected. This will be explained in more detail in connection with FIGS. 7, 8 and 11.
The strategy for switching between the standard pattern and the alternate-adaptive pattern may be the same as described in conjunction with FIG. 6. It may be desirable in some environments to use only the adaptive pattern and not the standard pattern.
In FIG. 5 the adaptive pattern is completely determined by the samples of the received signal coupled to register 42 on line 43. It may be advantageous in some applications to have a portion of the adaptive pattern fixed and another portion of the adaptive pattern dynamic. The fixed portion of the adaptive pattern may be the corresponding bits of the standard pattern. For instance, if bits of the alternate-adaptive pattern 1-10, 12-20 and 22-30 are fixed these bits will be the same as the bits for the corresponding bit positions of the standard pattern. If bits 11 and 21 are dynamic, these bits are derived from the sample bits of the received signal. For the described examples, the register 42 includes 200 stages and receives all of the sample bits over line 43 but only those stages forming the dynamic bits in the pattern provide outputs to the correlator. The other stages, such as stages 0-10 merely shift sample bits with no output to the correlator since the fixed pattern is used for these pattern bits. The dynamic bits of the pattern are selected as bits most likely affected by distortion.
The adaptive pattern may be derived from a history of the sample bits of the received signal extending over several data bit times. In FIG. 7 several terms are shown to illustrate one averaging algorithm that can be used to average sample bits over several data bit times to develop an adaptive pattern. "S" is used to indicate a sample bit which is introduced into the correlator. The sample bits used to form the adaptive pattern are the sample bits which have passed through the correlator. That is, a sample bit is not used in determining the adaptive pattern until it exits the correlator (200 sample times after being received by the correlator for the example under discussion). One algorithm for forming the adaptive pattern relies on samples from the last four data bit times as discussed below.
Assume for sake of discussion that S.sub.600 has just exited the correlator. This sample bit, along with S.sub.400, S.sub.200 and S.sub.0 are used to form one bit of the adaptive pattern. As shown in FIG. 8 the average of twice S.sub.600, S.sub.400, -S.sub.200, and S.sub.0 are used. (The minus sign associated with S.sub.200 indicates that the inverse of this sample bit is used as will be discussed.) Each sample bit is a binary value and since there is an odd number, the result will always be a binary 1 or a binary 0. The last sample bit from the correlator (S.sub.600 in this case) is weighted by a factor of two.
For the receiver under discussion, a data binary 1 is represented by one bit pattern and a data binary 0 by the complement of this bit pattern. Consequently, when computing an average of bit patterns for the adaptive pattern consideration must be given to whether a data binary 0 or a binary 1 was detected. For one of these detected data bits the computation must use an inverse. Specifically, it is assumed that if a data binary 0 is detected, the samples in the correlator representing the data binary 0 are all inverted before being averaged with other sample bits. Thus, in examining FIG. 8, assume that a data binary 0 was detected when S.sub.200-399 were in the correlator. Then "-S.sub.200 " is used to form the average for the first bit in the adaptive pattern shown in FIG. 8. The next bit in the adaptive pattern as shown in FIG. 8 uses S.sub.601, S.sub.401, -S.sub.201 and S.sub.1. Again the last receive sample bit S.sub.601 is weighted by a factor of two and S.sub.201 is inverted since a data binary 0 was detected. Lastly as shown in FIG. 8 another bit in the adaptive pattern is shown formed from S.sub.850, S.sub.650, S.sub.450 and -S.sub.250. The data binary 0 detected for sample bits S.sub.200-399 is again considered as indicated by -S.sub.250. Other algorithms can be used to compute an average adaptive pattern or other algorithms can be used to form a mean adaptive pattern. Similarly, other weighting considerations can be used in forming the adaptive pattern.
In FIG. 7 a circuit for forming the adaptive pattern of FIG. 8 includes a correlator 60, an adaptive pattern memory (shift register 62) and three additional shift registers 63, 64 and 65. Each of the shift registers for the example under discussion have 200 stages, the correlator 60 also has 200 stages. (The correlator 60 is shown receiving only an adaptive pattern in FIG. 7, it may be used this way or it may be used where it also receives a standard pattern as previously discussed). Four sample bits are applied to an averaging circuit 66, the output of the averaging circuit 66 (line 67) is coupled to the input of the shift register 62.
The sample bits of the received signal are coupled to the input of the correlator 60 and then after being clocked through the correlator are coupled to the multiplexer 70. The multiplexer 70 selects between the outputs of the correlator 60 and the complement of the sample bits which are inverted by inverter 71. The output of the multiplexer 70 forms one input to the averaging circuit 66 and an input to shift register 63. The output of shift register 63 forms another input to the averaging circuit 66 and an input to the shift register 64. The output of shift register 64 is the third input to the averaging circuit 66 and provides the input to the shift register 65. The output of the shift register 65 is the fourth input to the averaging circuit 66.
The multiplexer 70 is controlled by the counter 72. When a data binary 0 is detected, the counter 72 is set to a count of 200 and counts downward by one for each sample period. As long as the count in counter 72 is not 0, the multiplexer 70 selects inverter 71 as the input to the averaging circuit 66. Otherwise, the output of correlator 60 is directly coupled to the averaging circuit 66 through the multiplexer 70. While a separate counter is shown, in practice a counter or signal source for a bit clock may be used.
The averaging circuit 66 averages the four inputs, however, it weighs the input from the multiplexer 70 more heavily (by a factor of 2) than the other inputs as shown in FIG. 8. An ordinary logic circuit may be used for this purpose.
The operation of the circuit of FIG. 7 can be readily understood by noting that when sample bit S.sub.600 is exiting correlator 60 it is also being coupled as one input to the averaging network 66 at the same time the output of the register 63 is S.sub.400 since 200 sample bit periods earlier this sample bit was exiting the correlator 60. Similarly, the output of the register 64, S.sub.200, and the output of the register 65, S.sub.0, are also coupled to circuit 66 at this time. When S.sub.200 -S.sub.399 were clocked from the correlator, the counter 72 was set causing the output of the inverter 71 to be selected, consequently, sample bits S.sub.200 -S.sub.399 are all complemented.
In FIG. 11 another correlator 90 is shown which corresponds to the correlator 60 of FIG. 7. The contents of the correlator are correlated with a pattern stored in the adaptive pattern memory 91. A standard pattern such as the one stored in the standard pattern memory 30 of FIG. 4 is stored in the standard pattern memory 92 of FIG. 11. The sample bits of the received signal from the output of the correlator 90 are coupled through an exclusive OR gate 96 on line 95 to the input of a shift register 93. The output of the shift register 93 is coupled to the input of the shift register 94. For the example where a data bit time comprises 200 sample bits, the adaptive pattern memory and the standard pattern memory each store 200 bits and the shift registers 93 and 94 each have 200 stages.
As was the case with the embodiment of FIG. 7, as each sample bit is shifted from the correlator, it is shifted at the same frequency through the shift registers 93 and 94. The exclusive OR gate 96 performs the function of the inverter 71 and counter 72 of FIG. 7. In this embodiment when a data binary 0 is detected the input 99 to the exclusive OR gate 96 is a low signal 0 allowing the sample bits on line 95 to pass through the gate unchanged. When a data binary 1 is detected for this embodiment the sample bits are inverted since a high signal is applied to the line 99 for 1 data bit time (i.e., 200 sample bit periods).
Through ordinary logic the sample bits stored in the shift register are combined with the standard pattern on a stage-by-stage basis to provide the adaptive pattern stored in memory 91. The first memory location 101 of the memory 92 is illustrated storing a binary 1. Stage 102 of the shift register 93 is illustrated storing a sample bit binary 1 while the first state 103 of the register 94 is illustrated storing a binary 0. The bits in memory 101 and registers 102 and 103 are combined such that the majority state prevails and is transferred to memory location 100 of memory 91. Looked at another way, the standard pattern is used unless the bit stored in both the shift registers 93 and 94 are of the opposite state to the standard reference pattern. Another example is illustrated for the second stage where the registers 93 and 94 store binary 0's and the standard pattern has a binary 1 in the second memory location. For this condition, the second memory location of memory 91 is a binary 0, which is used for the correlation.
The more history used in forming the adaptive pattern, the more likely that a data bit misdetection will occur when there is an abrupt change in the channel distortion. Note for the "majority" voting just discussed, one data bit time is required to return to the reference pattern from an adaptive pattern derived from the sample bits to the standard references. However, two data bit times are required to change from the standard reference pattern to the adaptive pattern when there is an abrupt change that increases distortion. The weighting factor discussed in connection with FIG. 7 and 8 helps the transition from one pattern to another occur more quickly. An error correcting code or other error correcting mechanism which can correct the possible number of bad data bits upon transition may be used to make the detection more robust. Alternately, when the transitions are periodic, their occurrence can be anticipated and the change from or to the standard patterns can occur without delay. (See FIG. 6, lines 56 and 57).
While shift registers are shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 for storing sample bits, a random-access memory may be used to store the sample bits.
Inversion of Predetermined Bits for Alternate Pattern
In FIG. 9 the received signal is shown quantized in amplitude to one bit. That is, one phase of the carrier is shown as one binary state and the other phase as the other binary state. This representation includes a plurality of transitions, such as transition 81 and 82 shown in FIG. 9. For example, the transition occurs where the carrier changes phase. Between transitions 81 and 82 the pattern is 0 for each of the samples, between transitions 82 and 83 the pattern is all 1s. As can be appreciated, at the transitions there can be an ambiguity depending on the relationship between the sample clock and carrier signal. Slight changes in the time of a transition, for instance, caused by distortion on the power line, can change the transition from occurring before a sample time to after a sample time. The standard pattern is generally determined assuming a fixed sample clock at a given phase, say 0.sub.0. To identify these sensitive transitions the sample clock is shifted, for instance by 90.sub.0, and the pattern for an ideal waveform redetermined. The pattern before the shift and the pattern after the shift can be compared to identify the sensitive bits in the pattern. For instance, in FIG. 9 transitions 80, 81, 83 and 84 illustrate where a bit change occurred with a shifted sample clock. Note, no change occurred for transition 82.
An alternate pattern which compensates for distortion changes the bits in the pattern identified as being sensitive. For instance, a standard pattern includes a 0 at transition 80, a 1 at transition 81, a 1 at transition 83 and a 0 at transition at 84. The alternate pattern includes a 1 at transition 80, 0 at transition 81, 0 at transition 83 and a 1 at transition 84. Only those bits which are identified as being sensitive are changed for the alternate pattern, the remainder of the bits remain the same. (See first step of FIG. 10.) This allows a relatively simple circuit such as a multiplexer to be used to change these identified bits in the pattern. (See second step of FIG. 10.)
The embodiment of FIG. 9 can be used for a different reason. To save hardware assume every other stage of the correlator is removed, every other sample bit is dropped and the frequency of operation is cut in half (compared to FIGS. 4 and 5). For the most part, data bit detection will occur just as well but for the information lost at the transition. The muxing of the pattern bits occurring at the transitions as discussed above, to a large extent, overcomes this information loss.
1. In a spread spectrum receiver where a received signal is correlated with a pattern to detect binary data, an improved method comprising the steps of:
- using the received signal to develop the pattern; and,
- continually updating the pattern based on the received signal.
2. The method defined by claim 1 wherein sample bits of the received signal are correlated with sample bits from one data bit time earlier.
Referenced Cited
U.S. Patent Documents
|December 18, 1990
|January 14, 1992
|Resnikoff et al.
|February 18, 1992
|VanderMey et al.
|May 19, 1992
|March 16, 1993
|Johnson et al.
|November 16, 1993
|Sutterlin et al.
|January 11, 1994
|VanderMey et al.
|February 22, 1994
|Hurlbut et al.
|October 25, 1994
|VanderMey et al.
|October 24, 1995
|Sutterlin et al.
|November 28, 1995
|Awata et al.
|November 26, 1996
|Sutterlin et al.
|August 19, 1997
|Durant et al.
|October 21, 1997
|Durant et al.
|May 19, 1998
|Thomas et al.
|May 19, 1998
|Li et al.
Patent History
Type: Grant
Filed: Feb 2, 1998
Date of Patent: Aug 10, 1999
Assignee: Echelon Corporation (Palo Alto, CA)
Inventors: Philip H. Sutterlin (Saratoga, CA), J. Marcus Stewart (San Jose, CA)
Primary Examiner: Young T. Tse
Law Firm: Blakely, Sokoloff, Taylor & Zafman, LLP
Application Number: 9/17,530
International Classification: H04B 1707;

subset: commoncrawl


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text:
Clare Praises Obama
The victory of President Obama last week was welcomed in Clare. The county's mayor, Pat Daly, said it was the right result for Ireland. "I think it is because he promised to come back to Ireland again during his next term and hopefully he'll use Shannon Airport and come to Clare," Daly said.
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-The Clare Champion
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A Ballyclare bungalow worth 50 percent of its price four or five years ago failed to find a buyer at a property auction.
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Describing the dramatic fall in housing prices Roy Little, auctioneer at BRG Gibson, said typically housing was available at half-price compared to four or five years ago.
"These properties are typically at prices 50 percent what they would've been a few years back," he said. "They really are quite cheap, particularly the Edenmore Court property which could be purchased for £125,000.
"That property was only built in 2005 or 2006, and it would've been on the market for about £250,000 in 2007."
The monthly property auctions in Belfast are an increasingly popular route into the housing market, said Little, because "it often takes 14-28 days for completion, rather than the two to three months it might take going through an agent."
Other properties available for the more than 400 eager buyers who crammed into the auction room last week included a 21 bedroom Armagh mansion, Castle Dillon, which had a guide price of just £210,000 despite being worth up to £2 million at the height of the housing boom. The highest bid it received at the auction was just £100,000.
A terraced house in Ballymena valued at £75,000 five years ago was sold to a happy buyer for just £19,000.
-Ballyclare Gazette
Galway Prediction
Savage cuts to rural communities across Galway will result in massive migration over the next two decades, leaving country areas with just a skeleton population.
It will result in massive pub closures while half of the current number of hurling and football clubs across Galway will cease to exist.
The grim prediction has been made by a former government minister who says that the closures of rural banks and post offices, the closure of rural Garda (police) stations and the withdrawal of grants for rural schemes will have a devastating effect over the coming years.
These added to the forced amalgamations of rural schools, cuts to rural transport and huge reductions in community health services will conspire to drive people out of country areas into larger centers of population – or else emigrate altogether.
It paints a picture of thousands of dwellings and business premises across rural Galway being abandoned by their owners in the wake of ongoing cuts in services.
According to Deputy Éamon Ó Cuív, he believes that there was a concerted campaign to downgrade country areas and says that in 20 years time the face of rural Galway would be irreparably changed.
"In 20 years time we will have half the number of GAA clubs in Galway because the people simply won't be there to fill teams. Even the rural pub will become a thing of the past," he predicted.
-Connacht Sentinel
Suing the State
A man has sued the state, alleging that when he was a nine-year-old orphan, he was "boarded out" to work as a farm boy in "quasi-servitude."
The now 50-year-old man is also suing a religious order that ran the orphanage where he had lived from when he was a baby until he was boarded out.
He alleges he was sexually abused by other children in the orphanage.
The Health Service Executive (HSE), the minister for health and the religious order deny his claim and want the case struck out on grounds of delay. The case began 12 years ago. Suzanne Boylan, counsel for the man, said he initiated the High Court proceedings before a redress board claim.
While the board recently sanctioned an interim payment of €10,000 for him, it had reserved its position on compensation for his period of "boarding out" as a farm boy.
The man is unwell and not in a position to give immediate instructions, counsel added.
Boylan said she wanted an adjournment to take instructions but hoped the matter could be resolved through the redress board.
Gerard Clarke SC, for the minister, Ireland and the attorney general, said the man's claim related to a period from 1971 to 1981 when he was boarded out to a brother and sister in the west of Ireland.
He had attended a respected secondary school in Sligo and University College Galway and went on to obtain a professional qualification.
The brother and sister to whom he was boarded out had since died and there was no one else to give evidence as to his treatment, counsel said.
The state's ability to defend the case was therefore completely and totally prejudiced.
Justice Hogan noted the man's claim appeared to be that he was held in a position of quasi-servitude while boarded out.
If the redress board resolved the matter in his favor, legal costs would be the only outstanding matter, the judge said.
He "earnestly hoped" a decision could be made by the board before the case returned before him in five weeks, he added.
-Sligo Champion
Missing Body Mystery
Human remains found in a car discovered on the bed of the River Blackwater in Fermoy are to be tested to ascertain if they are those of a local man who has been missing for 22 years.
A Garda spokesman confirmed that the car found by members of the Blackwater Sub Aqua Search and Rescue was a Daihatsu Charade, the same make and model as that driven by local businessman and former Labor county councilor William Fennessy.
Fennessy, 54, who owned a pub, undertaker and auctioneers in Fermoy, mysteriously disappeared in March 1990 and his car was never found.
His wife Noreen and brother James waited by the riverside as dive teams made a number of trips out to the submerged car on the river bed.
Clutching a piece of paper with the registration number of his brother's car on it, James said he hoped the discovery would finally bring closure to the family.
"It would be an end. For the past 22-years we have been unable to say what happened," he said.
Garda superintendent Mick Comyns confirmed that human remains and other items were removed from the car.
"First indications would seem to suggest that this car was a Daihatsu similar to the one owned by Mr. Fennessy. However, it may take some time before we are able to make a positive ID on the recovered remains through either dental records or DNA," say Comyns.
- The Corkman


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Bypass the Ordinary
The Zero DS combines innovation with passion to deliver the world's most versatile electric motorcycle. Designed to be agile in the dirt and quick on the street, the Zero DS represents a new kind of freedom.
Blast down a gravel road or a dusty trail. When you're ready, stealthily pass from the wild to the civilized as you arrive at your destination. The Zero DS is tough when you demand it and distinguished when required. Choose from the Power Tank or Charge Tank accessories to extend your range or take advantage of three times faster charging.
Propelled by the most advanced technology in the industry, the Zero DS is a fully electric motorcycle that can handle any surface you throw at it. Overcoming obstacles and maintaining control is effortless due to its direct-drive powertrain and fully adjustable suspension. Under technical riding conditions, Zero's revolutionary Z-Force® motor delivers astonishing responsiveness with the twist of your wrist. As with Zero's entire model line, the Zero DS offers a liberating ownership experience with its maintenance-free powertrain, cent-per-km "fuel" cost and powerful acceleration.
anything between the rider and the road, electric propulsion is the clear answer."
New for 2016
Farther and Faster
Years of refinement have made Zero's versatile dual sport motorcycles even more dynamic. Smooth and stylish in the city—yet capable and robust off-road—owning a Zero DS is like having two bikes in one. And, for 2016, technological advancements will have you rolling faster and riding farther.
For the dual sport rider demanding more, we created the Zero DSR. A 660 amp controller adds 56% more torque and 25% more power to the Zero DS, the world's most versatile electric motorcycle. The resulting acceleration is smooth and stunning.
At the heart of each Zero DS ZF13.0 and Zero DSR is an all-new Z-Force® motor. Its innovative interior permanent magnet (IPM) design cools more rapidly and has greater thermal capabilities. Performance is substantially improved in demanding conditions, both on- and off-road, and higher sustained top speeds are achieved.
To expand riding opportunities and provide access to the growing public charging infrastructure, Zero has effectively tripled charging speed with the new Charge Tank accessory. Leveraging the popular J1772 standard, the Charge Tank is designed to work with Level 2 charging stations. ZF9.8 power packs can now be charged to 95% in about two hours, while the new higher capacity ZF13.0 takes about three hours.
New cell chemistry within the Z-Force® power pack stores more energy and operates more efficiently, resulting in a system that boasts the highest energy density in the electric vehicle industry. The power pack requires no routine maintenance and is backed by a 5-year/160,000 kilometer warranty.
As Zero continues to raise the bar on its highest performance models, proven technology makes electric motorcycles even easier to own. With its impressive power-to-weight ratio, the 2016 Zero DS ZF9.8 delivers the thrill and convenience of electric at a new lower price.


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Please don't let this be the future of on-ice advertising in NHL (Photo)
Professional hockey in Europe is, shall we say, a little more liberal with its commercialization. And by that we mean their uniforms make the advertising on NASCAR drivers look like a public broadcasting station by comparison.
But this ice … the next time you think your local NHL arena has been overrun by ads, please recall what Oulu Energy Arena in Finland will look like this season:
That's a fresh sheet laid down on the rink this weekend, as tweeted by journalist Ilari Savonen. Suomikiekko.com, which ran the image, asked its readers if the additional ads are too egregious or if it's "just business."
We can probably all agree that without the Hesburger ad at center ice, it would simply be an outrageous amount of advertising rather than a eye-gouging orgy of commercialization. Good lord, those ads in the faceoff circles ... yuck.
The NHL has been able to resist the siren's song of ads on jerseys for decades, although one assumes their day will arrive soon. NHL ice has advertising that one could call "tasteful" if one isn't made completely nauseous by any semblance of ads on the playing surface. So we'd rather see the NHL double-stack the ads on the boards before transforming the ice into some kind of branded quilt.
s/t reader Urpo Koskinen
Related coverage on Yahoo! Sports:
• What did Dave Nonis do to earn his five-year contract extension?
• Blackhawks extend Joel Quenneville for three years
• Blues re-sign Jake Allen to two-year deal
• Flooded Saddledome will be ready for Flames preseason


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In 2005 I made a three-month-trip. I travelled 34195 kilometers by train from Europe to Asia and back:
A short overview of the trip:
Graz - Budapest - Kiev (2005-07-21 till 2005-07-24)
I started the trip in my hometown Graz on 21th july 2005 at 6:03 in the morning. Together with two friends (Stefan and Alexander) we went to Budapest, were we met Oliver, another friend from Switzerland.
Together we took the train to Kiev, were we spent two days.
Kiev by night:
Moskva - Severobajkalsk (2005-07-25 till 2005-07-31)
After that Stefan and Alexander went back home via Lvov, whereas Oliver and I continued to Moscow. In Moscow we met Alexander (not the same who went with us till Kiev), who is a Russian train expert and helped us to also to get train tickets from Irkutsk to Ulan-Bator and from there to Beijing. After two days in Moscow we boarded train no. 92 to Severobajkalsk, where we arrived 92 hours and 45 minutes later.
On the train somewhere in Siberia:
GBT project at Ayaya-bay (2005-08-01 till 2005-08-14)
Oliver and I were volunteering at the GBT project. Together with a small group of people from Russia and Germany we spent two weeks away from civilization to work on the GBT project - a hiking trail around the Baikal lake. Our camp took place in the Ayaya bay, which is located on the Eastern shore of the Baikal lake and can only be reached by boat.
Baikal lake:
Olkhon island and Irkutsk (2005-08-15 till 2005-08-22)
After the two weeks we returned to Severobajkalsk, were I met my fellow travellers for the rest of the trip: Florian from Frankfurt/Main, Anja from Trier (Germany), Veronika from Vienna and Doreen from Munich. We all were searching for travel partners and found each other on a discussion board on the internet. We planned the trip together via e-mail, discussed the procedure to get the necessary visas and also organized a meeting before our trip, so that we get to know each other a little bit.
From Severobajkalsk we took the hydrofoil to Olkhon island, were we stayed three days. Then we went by bus to Irkutsk and after one day continued by train to Ulan-Bator.
Olkhon island:
Mongolia (2005-08-23 till 2005-08-27)
We had four days in Mongolia. One to do some sightseeing in Ulan-Bator, three for a short trip to the countryside by car. Then we travelled to China.
Road to nowhere:
China (2005-08-28 till 2005-09-05)
We spent three days in Beijing before reaching Shanghai after 12202 kilometers on the train. Shanghai was the farest point from home. Doreen left us here to to fly home - not all of us were students with neverending holidays. For the rest of us the way back home was a little bit longer.
In only 5 days we travelled through all China to Almaty in Kazakhstan. We had two short stops at Xian and Urumchi.
Oriental Pearl Tower in Shanghai:
Kazakhstan (2005-09-06 till 2005-09-15)
In Almaty we stayed about a week and to explore the interesting countryside around Almaty. Here we also met Aizhana, a friend from Graz. She was born in Almaty, but studies in Graz since about 1998.
In the mountains near Almaty:
Uzbekistan (2005-09-16 till 2005-09-24)
Florian flew home from Almaty - also for him the job was waiting, so we were only three on our further trip to Uzbekistan. We spent about 10 days in Uzbekistan and visited the ancient towns of the Silk Road: Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva.
Bibi-Khanum-Mosque in Samarkand:
The long way home via Siberia (2005-09-25 till 2005-10-14)
After Uzbekistan we splitted up again: Anja and Veronika went back home with a short stay at Astrakhan in Russia, whereas I decided to make a small detour via Siberia...
After some nice, relaxing days in and around Irkutsk, I went back home to Austria via Moscow (where I again met Alexander) and Budapest. I arrived at home on 14th october at 15:36 - 85 days, 9 hours and 33 minutes after leavin Graz.
Train in the Kazakh step:
Click here for the full version of the travelogue
I needed five visas for my trip: Russia, Mongolia, China, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. It took about 6 weeks to get all this visas and I spent about 400 Euros for them. The most expensive was the Russian visa, as I needed a double-entry business visa (110 Euro) for which a special invitation (80 Euro) was necessary.
Russia, three-month double-entry business visa:
Mongolia, single-entry tourist visa:
China, single-entry tourist visa:
Kazakhstan, double-entry tourist visa:
Uzbekistan, single-entry tourist visa:
Train tickets:
We also bought some train tickets in advance. It is no problem to get train tickets and sleeping car reservations for Russia in Austria, so we used the Eurodomino-ticket for the trip to Severobajkalsk.
We also arranged tickets for the international trips Irkutsk – Ulan Bator, Ulan Bator – Beijing and Urumchi – Alma-Ata. Alexander, another friend in Moscow who works at a railway ticket agency, was very helpful and bought the Irkutsk – Ulan-Bator ticket for us and organized a ticket Ulan-Bator – Beijing, which we would pick up at Ulan-Bator.
The Austrian travel agency, from which we got the visa support letters, organized tickets Urumchi – Alma-Ata, to be picked up at Urumchi on 5th september.
For the other trips we did not arrange any tickets in advance, as trains on this (mostly domestic) routes run more frequent and buying tickets locally should be no big problem. Of course also costs were an issue.
Click here for the full version of the travelogue
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Acne-form Rash Caused by Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Dear OncoLink "Ask The Experts,"
Are there any practice standards that have been adopted by ASCO or NCCN for the acne-form rash caused by tyrosine kinase inhibitors? I am referring to a standard drug therapy for the rash in oral or topical form? I know many things are tried, but what do you find that is working the best? Do you prophylactically treat the rash, or wait until it develops?
Beth Eaby, MSN, CRNP, OCN, Bboard certified nurse practitioner and nationally certified oncology nurse, responds:
I do not use prophylactic treatment, which is therapy to try preventing the rash. A study at ASCO 2 years ago looked at use of up-front oral tetracycline vs. nothing for patients getting Tarceva, and found that it did not decrease the incidence of rash. Although it did decrease the intensity of the rash when it developed by some degree, it was still considered a negative study. Plus these antibiotics are not completely benign in terms of side effects.
ASCO and NCCN do not have any recommendations at this time because there are no randomized evidence-based data to support any specific method. Attached is the reference for an article that describes an experience-based algorithm that I helped to develop with the input of dermatologists.
Lynch, T; Kim, E; Eaby, B; Garey, J; West, D Lacouture, M. (2007) Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Inhibitor-associated rash: an evolving paradigm in clinical management. The Oncologist, 12(5): 610-621


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News Release
Media Contact: TPWD News, firstname.lastname@example.com, 512-389-8030
Oct. 22, 2012
NBC Sports Network to Broadcast Toyota Texas Bass Classic Nationwide Nov. 11
ATHENS—More than 75 million homes will be able to watch this year's Toyota Texas Bass Classic (TTBC) when it airs on NBC Sports Network November 11. Considered the world championship of bass fishing, the TTBC event was held in Conroe September 28-30 and featured three days of country music and a barbecue cook-off championship.
"Being able to air on NBC Sports Network is a great showcase for the world's top anglers," Tournament Director Lenny Francoeur said. "Sharing TTBC with such a large number of people is exciting, and it provides Texas Parks and Wildlife Department's conservation and education efforts with a broader audience. Fans will get a great look at what professional anglers deal with during competition."
As the broadcast partner of TTBC, NBC Sports Network will air the championship in an hour-long broadcast. There will also be one weekday re-air, to be announced at a later date. The debut will air on Sunday, November 11, 2012, at 8:00 a.m. CST.
Those who tune into the broadcast will watch 50 of the world's best anglers compete for the TTBC title. The field includes representatives from the Bass Pro Shops PAA Tournament Series, the Walmart FLW Tour and the Bassmaster Elite Series, making it the only event to bring anglers from all the major tours to compete for one title.
Proceeds from the tournament benefit Texas Parks and Wildlife Department youth outreach programs, including Neighborhood Fishin' and the Texas Division of the Wildlife Forever State-Fish Art Contest. So far the TTBC has raised $1.5 million for TPWD programs.
The Toyota Texas Bass Classic tournament functions are operated by the Professional Anglers Association with technical assistance and support from Texas Parks and Wildlife Department's Inland Fisheries Division. Title sponsor for the event is Toyota. Other sponsors include: Ricoh, ATX Wheels, Coca-Cola, TXU and U.S. Reel.
On the Net:
- Website: http://www.toyotatexasbassclassic.com/
- Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/ToyotaTexasBassClassic
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In the classroom or on the field, Russell Athletic® kids hoodies, jackets and sweatshirts for girls and boys are convenient and wearable everywhere. Wear the sporty, front-zipper jacket to warm up for a ballet performance or football game, or try the Dri-Power® moisture-wicking kids fleece sweatshirts for casual everyday use. Complete the look with Russell Athletic® youth sweatpants.


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Pastoral Care Jobs Brisbane
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April 8, 2005
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. - MIT won four of six singles matches, helping it defeat Tufts University, 4-3, on Thursday. Evan Tindell was a double-winner for the Engineers (4-3). Paired with Thomas Dohlman, he led Tech to its only win in doubles action, posting an 8-3 victory. In the No. 2 position, Mark Egan and Eric Beren fell, 8-6, while Kevin Durand and Krishna Pokala lost, 8-3.
In singles play, Dohlman dropped a 6-3, 6-1 decision in the second spot. Beren, Egan, and Durand won their matches in the next three positions. Pokala lost a tough match in the No. 6 spot, falling 6-3, 7-6 (0).


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MARANA, Ariz. — Even in the most stressful form of golf, Matt Kuchar and his easy smile made the Match Play Championship look like a weekend game with his buddies.
MARANA, Ariz. — Even in the most stressful form of golf, Matt Kuchar and his easy smile made the Match Play Championship look like a weekend game with his buddies.
It was fun when he built a 4-up lead at the turn. And when Hunter Mahan threw his best golf at him during a wild back nine Sunday at Dove Mountain, Kuchar never looked rattled, never felt as if the match belonged to anyone but him, and never lost the lead.
Kuchar kept momentum on his side with four birdies on the back nine, the last conceded on the 17th hole for a 2-and-1 victory. He captured his first World Golf Championship and put his name in the conversation as among the most lethal players in match play.
In his case, looks are deceiving.
"Match play I find to be such an amazing, unique format, so much fun to play and so much pressure," Kuchar said. "It seems like each hole there's so much momentum riding and so much pressure on every hole. To come out on top after six matches of playing the top 64 guys in the world, it's an incredible feeling."
Mahan had gone 169 holes without trailing dating to the opening round last year until Kuchar won the fourth hole of the championship with a par.
Mahan never caught up, though it wasn't from a lack of effort. Every time he cut into the deficit, Kuchar answered the challenge — a 15-foot birdie putt on the 12th hole with Mahan in tight, and a 10-foot birdie putt on the 15th with Mahan poised to cut the lead to one hole.
And he did it all with that warm smile on a day so frigid they traded golf hats for ski caps.
"He does it differently," said Mahan. "He's more like a fuzzier, Peter Jacobsen kind of guy who likes to talk. He's super competitive."


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Today is Canada Day, a day no doubt celebrated in a manner designed not to attract too much attention. Canada is the home of the quiet revolution, after all. Most likely, their national day is marked by knowing glances. Such is the Canadian character that their national day is not marked with fireworks, guns in the air or vuvuzelas. Though Candians are stereotyped as quiet, harmless and polite pacifists who eat ketchup chips, how do we reconcile that peaceful image with the knowledge that their main export seems to be ice beer and that when they're not knocking each others teeth out in the hockey rink, they're clubbing baby seals with Neil Peart-like percussive overkill? Indeed, how much do we really know about our neighbors north of the border and the threat they pose? What harm is there in Canadians running Hollywood, you ask? They're only doing the work Americans won't, you say. In one three year stretch, the best actress category of the Oscars went to Canadians. Mary Pickford, Norma Shearer and Marie Dressler all took the Oscar back to Canada. That's $1,500 of gold-plated britannium, or 1,303 loonies.
If movies and TV series like Blade Runner, V, Alien Nation, Invasion of the Body Snatchers, Battlestar Galactica and The Day the Earth Stood Still have taught us anything, it's that when aliens are allowed to live in peace amongst us it's never a good idea. Though they invariably claim to come in peace, the proper response is that they to go in pieces. Due to blissful American ignorance and our welcoming disposition toward immigrants, most of us are wholly unaware when and how many Canadians are among us. Although a phrenologist could see right through their smiling faces to their true nature, your average American when near a Canadian merely gets a tingling sensation and an inexplicable unease. With good reason too, when one becomes aware of how far reaching Canadian tentacles are in our society… *tingle* cos (Canadian over shoulder)…