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Calama is a city on the Loa River in the Antofagasta region in northern Chile. Set in a mining area, it's known as a gateway to the Atacama Desert. At it lies at an altitude of 2,260 m and is considered the gateway to the geological and archaeological wonders of Chile's high central desert. As such, it has many tourist attractions, such as the mummies of the Gustavo LePaige Archeological Museum.
Cochabamba, on the other hand, is the third largest city of Bolivia, located at the heart of the country, at an altitude of 2,558 m with dry, mild weather all year long and many natural attractions for tourists. The trip by bus between Calama and Cochabamba takes around 22 hours, covering 978 km across the deserts of Chile and the altiplano region of Bolivia. The buses cross the border at Pisiga-Colchane, where migration authorities will check passports and customs checks luggage. The buses stop every few hours so passengers can have a snack and stretch their legs, and arrive finally at the bus terminal of Cochabamba located on Ayacucho Avenue.
Tickets Bolivia lets you book tickets online to travel between Calama and Cochabamba, with the comfort of paying by credit card, debit card or payment platforms such as PayPal. Visit www.ticketsbolivia to plan your trip today.
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Tickets Bolivia makes this Website available to all users (hereinafter referred to as the "User"), subject to the unconditional acceptance of these terms and conditions of use.
TicketsBolivia.com is a Bolivian company with its head office in La Paz at Urbanizacón Francia, Achumani, NIT No. 4807438015, telephone (+591-2) 2430494, email email@example.com , registered in Fundempresa, Formulario 0020/10, Libro de Registro 80, No de registro 00169421. (hereinafter referred to as "Tickets Bolivia").
The User hereby declares that he or she is an adult (at least 18 years of age) and has the legal capacity to be bound by this agreement and to use this Website in accordance with these terms and conditions of use, which he or she fully understands and recognises. The User agrees to keep confidential any passwords provided by Tickets Bolivia to access the Website and ensure that no unauthorised third parties gain access to them. The User accepts responsibility for any financial consequences arising from the use of this Website with the Users password to the Tickets Bolivia Website or from the use of the Users passwords by third parties. Furthermore, the User declares that all information he or she provides to access this Website and while using it is true, complete and accurate, and he/she agrees to keep it updated.
This Website is solely and exclusively for the Users personal use. The Website may not be modified, reproduced, duplicated, copied, distributed, sold, resold or exploited for commercial or non-commercial purposes.
The User agrees not to use this Website for illegal or prohibited purposes. In particular, the User accepts that he or she will only use this Website for him/herself and that the products or services purchased through this Website will be for his or her own use or consumption, or the use or consumption of persons on behalf of whom he or she is legally authorised to act. The User shall not resell to third parties products or services purchased through this Website.
The Tickets Bolivia Website provides the User with access to information about the products and services of third parties related to tourism and trips and, in certain cases, he or she can make reservations and buy these products and services from the corresponding Suppliers.
Reservations or purchases by the User of products or services of any Suppliers chosen by the User shall be subject to the specific terms and conditions that the Suppliers establish for each case. Similarly, bus tickets issued to the User shall contain important notifications including, among others, information for international passengers about limitations of liability and notifications about limitations of liability in relation to luggage. The User agrees to accept and comply with the purchase terms and conditions established by any Supplier from which the User chooses to purchase services, including but not limited to the payment of any amounts due and compliance with any regulations and restrictions related to the availability of proposed fares, products or services. In the event that there are special regulations or restrictions that may affect certain fares, products or services selected by the User, such special regulations or restrictions shall be clearly displayed to the User on the screen before proceeding to the reservation.
The preparation and updating of information on offers, products or services, prices, routes, distances, features and any other data and other relevant information about the products and services offered through the Website is the sole responsibility of the respective Suppliers of the products and services. Moreover, Tickets Bolivia is not responsible for the maintenance, supervision or updating of said data and information, or for verifying its truthfulness, updating, accuracy or completeness.
Suppliers of products or services, each one within the scope of its own obligations, shall be liable to the User for complying with the obligations arising from the regulations in force and the terms and conditions of sale for each of the products and services purchased. Tickets Bolivia assumes no responsibility or liability whatsoever for products or services that it does not provide directly.
Notwithstanding the above, and as part of the support service to the User provided by Tickets Bolivia, the User authorises Tickets Bolivia to act as his or her purchase representative during the process of comparison between providers and purchase of products or services from the selected supplier and to make the payment for such products and/or services in the name and on behalf of the User, as required, to ensure that the comparison between providers and the transaction between the User and selected Supplier of products or selected services is carried out correctly. In such cases, the User shall refund Tickets Bolivia with the sum advanced by Tickets Bolivia in its capacity as representative.
In accordance with the Bolivian Law on Information Society Services, the electronic document by which the agreement to purchase products and/or services is formalized shall be filed in the records of Tickets Bolivia and may be accessed by the User at any time upon the latters request to Tickets Bolivia.
To access the services we offer through our Web site, you must provide the personal data required in the online registration form ("REGISTRATION FORM").
In compliance with the provisions of Law, Protection of Personal Data ("Data Protection Act") and its implementing regulations, we inform you that, by the completion of the registration form, your data will be incorporated and processed in computer files, in order to provide and offer our services and process them (management of bookings and payment for services purchased), send you information and publicity about the offers, promotions and recommendations that we believe may be of your interest, as well as perform surveys, statistics and analysis of market trends.
We also inform you of the possibility of exercising rights of access, rectification, cancellation and opposition of your personal data, which are guaranteed and following of the Data Protection Act. For your convenience, you can exercise the above rights also by e-mail at firstname.lastname@example.com .
Under the provisions of the Data Protection Act, we inform you that by hiring our products and services, we will necessarily communicate your personal data (1) to the suppliers of those products and services or tour operators that organize the travel packages chosen, who be obliged to use your data exclusively for sending information and comply with product delivery or contracted services, as well as the compliance with other provisions of the Data Protection Act, and (2) to other companies in the Group represented by Tickets Bolivia, in accordance with the provisions of the Commercial Code, that is, to other group entities which operates the trademarks Tickets Bolivia, who will be obliged to use your data solely for the purpose for which they were collected, and comply with other provisions of the data Protection Act. By accepting this Privacy Policy, you consent to the transfer of the described data.
Moreover, by accepting this privacy policy, you also consent to your data to be communicated to third parties with whom we do business, with the purpose of conducting direct marketing of products or services we believe that may be of your interest, providing information about these products and / or services and commercial prospecting actions help us to create a business profile that allows us to offer customers personal attention. However, you may revoke your consent to the transfer of data to third parties for commercial purposes at any time, easily and free of charge through the link that appears in each of the commercial communications that you receive. Finally, for the purposes of the Data Protection Act, by accepting this privacy policy, you consent that we may transfer your data to the recipients and the terms and conditions stated above, anywhere in the world, even on those countries that do not offer a level of protection comparable to the one on the Data Protection Act.
All of the content on the Tickets Bolivia Website (including, but not limited to, texts, graphics, logos, button icons, images, audio files and software) is owned by Tickets Bolivia or its content providers and is protected by national and international industrial and intellectual property regulations. The compilation (understood as the collection, arrangement and assembly) of all content of the Tickets Bolivia Website is the exclusive property of Tickets Bolivia and is protected by national and international industrial and intellectual regulations. All software used on the Tickets Bolivia Website or belonging to its software Suppliers is protected by national and international industrial and intellectual regulations. Any other use of the content on this Website is strictly prohibited, including its total or partial reproduction, modification, distribution, transmission, subsequent publication, exhibition and/or representation. In particular, any type of use of the images contained on the Tickets Bolivia Website outside this Website is strictly prohibited without the express consent of Tickets Bolivia and/or its Suppliers.
Tickets Bolivia and other names of products, services, graphics and logos of Tickets Bolivia are internationally registered trademarks. The names of other products, services and companies mentioned in this document may be registered trademarks of their respective owners.
Tickets Bolivia offers this Website and does its best in respect of its updating, maintenance and functioning, but it makes no guarantees as regards technical faults, service infallibility, or that the system or portal will function at all times.
Tickets Bolivia publishes on its Website various information about the products and services provided and offered by third parties, and it can make no representations about the truthfulness, accuracy, completeness and updating of the data contained in such offers. Tickets Bolivia also disclaims all warranties and conditions with regard to data or information provided through partner pages.
The limitation of liability of Tickets Bolivia is in accordance with the current applicable legislation and particularly in terms of the sectorial regulations of travel agencies. In any case, Tickets Bolivia assumes no liability for any damages arising directly or indirectly from the purchase of a product or service offered on its Website due to negligence on the part of the Supplier of said product or service, or some other cause not attributable to Tickets Bolivia.
If due to reasons of force majeure (including, but not limited to, natural, political, social, economic or unstable disorder that affects safety), there are deficiencies with reservations, confirmations and/or execution of any trips or services purchased through Tickets Bolivia due to unexpected circumstances that Tickets Bolivia cannot solve, or even if it were impossible to comply with any of the agreed provisions, Tickets Bolivia and/or companies from the Tickets Bolivia Group are exempt from any derived legal responsibilities arising from such deficiencies or non-compliance.
The Tickets Bolivia Website may contain links to other Websites that are not managed by TicketsBolivia, which are included only for reference purposes. TicketsBolivia does not exercise any control over these Websites nor is it responsible for their content.
The inclusion of links to other Websites does not imply that TicketsBolivia promotes, vouches for, guarantees or recommends these sites. These links are only used as informative references, without any valuation of the content, owners, services or products offered therein.
The User may use the TicketsBolivia communication forums or chat rooms for sending and receiving messages and materials directly related to the topics covered in the site, provided he or she agrees not to:
TicketsBolivia does not guarantee, review, filter or approve any of the content on the communication forums or chats, email messages and other types of messages sent by the users. TicketsBolivia reserves the right to deny, at its sole discretion, access by any user to this Website or to any section thereof without prior notification.
TicketsBolivia will do its best to ensure, to the best of its ability, that the relations with the User remain professional and cordial at all times and that the Web pages of TicketsBolivia do not include irreverent, obscene or offensive materials. Nevertheless, if at any time it is believed that TicketsBolivia does not comply with these principles, please notify us by email at the following address: email@example.com . Upon receipt of any notification of this type, TicketsBolivia will do its best to remove from its Website any statements that may infringe any right or violate any legal provision without delay.
TicketsBolivia allows the User to send his or her reviews and comments about the products and/or services on its Website. In doing so, the User grants TicketsBolivia, the other companies of the TicketsBolivia Group and/or its sublicensees the right -- non-exclusive, exempt from copyright, perpetual, irrevocable and totally transferable to third parties -- to use, reproduce, modify, adapt, publish, translate, create derived products of, distribute and display these reviews and comments all over the world and through any means of communication. Furthermore, the User also grants TicketsBolivia, the other companies of the TicketsBolivia Group and/or its sublicensees the right to use the name that accompanies this review or comment, if applicable.
These General Terms and Conditions, as well as any relation between TicketsBolivia and the User, shall be governed by the laws of Bolivia. Both parties are subject to the jurisdiction of the Courts of the city of La Paz for any litigious issue arising from the existence, content and/or interpretation of these General Terms and Conditions or from any relation between TicketsBolivia and the User.
TicketsBolivia reserves the right to make changes at any time on its Website as well as in these General Terms and Conditions.
TicketsBolivia.com S.R.L.
Urbanización Francia
Achumani, La Paz
E-mail address: email@example.com
On our site, there is no RESERVE ONLY option.
All trip reservations made on our site, www.ticketsbolivia.com, are understood to be immediate, confirmed purchases of bus tickets.
When you make such a purchase, you agree to the passenger names, dates and everything related to the trip.
If everything is correct, and you are paying with a credit card, the price of the ticket will be charged to your card and we will send you an email confirming your purchase.
Do not go to the terminal until you receive this second confirmation email from TicketsBolivia. This second email will be sent to you once we have verified that the reservation has been made correctly in the systems, and that your card has accepted the total charge.
TicketsBolivia will not accept liability if you do not receive the confirmation email due to problems with your email account or server. Remember to check your email 24-48 hours after making the reservation.
Please note that a travel agent will review your reservation and verify that we have all the necessary information before issuing your ticket. If we are unable to reach you, or do not receive the requested documents by fax or email, your reservation could be cancelled.
If your financial institution does not authorize a payment charged to your card, we will notify you of the problem by email in order to determine whether the information you gave us was accurate, or to allow you to use another card. If we do not receive a response, your reservation will be cancelled automatically.
Availability of reservations: Please note that some bus companies do not update their actual availability in their websites (if is the case). Although every effort is made to maintain actual availability, bus companies may occasionally reject a reservation. Because such errors are beyond our control, TicketsBolivia is not liable in these cases. In such a case, we would contact you by email.
The number of seats available on each trip is generally determined solely by the bus company.
Agreements between bus companies: Sometimes the reservation system will automatically allow for seats to be requested, involving bus companies that have no agreements among themselves. In such cases, it may be impossible to issue bus tickets.
TicketsBolivia looks for the best seats position on all the bus companies, nevertheless due to high season this will be so as to find the available seats.
The reservation systems to which travel agencies and bus companies are connected are designed to search for available seats. However, on routes involving several bus companies, they cannot verify for themselves whether there are agreements between such bus companies.
In such cases, TicketsBolivia will notify the customer by email.
TicketsBolivia is not liable for duplicate reservations made by the customer on our site. In any case, we will offer all possible alternatives permitted by the fare conditions.
Our website will not prevent users from making impossible reservations, such as trips to different places at the same time or a trip to one destination and a hotel at another destination at the same time. If the user makes this kind of impossible reservations, TicketsBolivia will not accept any liability and will not reimburse the user for the amount of the bookings.
An electronic ticket, or e-ticket, is registered directly and securely in the bus reservation system, and does not generate paper documents or tickets. It can be identified at all times using the reservation localizer that TicketsBolivia possess.
In some cases, un-notified service stops can be displayed, which can occasionally involve a bus change or waiting time at a terminal or small village. If the bus enters this information in the reservation system, the agency will make it available to customers. Otherwise, it is impossible for the agency to notify customers.
TicketsBolivia is not liable for un-notified stops.
As a travel agency, TicketsBolivia acts as an intermediary between its customers and the bus companies. The bus companies dictate the different regulations that affect travel.
If you need to make a change or cancellation, it is your responsibility to notify TicketsBolivia to find out whether it can be done, the possible penalties and the steps that must be taken.
Send an email IMMEDIATELY to email@example.com or call the number indicated on your confirmation e-mail and wait for one of our agents to reconfirm the cancellation or change. TicketsBolivia will inform you of the cost for such changes, if they are possible. Changes in itineraries must be verified and a confirmed, depending to the availability of the bus or train company. We must point out that with unrestricted fares, the failure to cancel will result in "no show" status, and therefore the complete loss of your right to a refund.
You need to send us your request at least two WORKDAYS before the trip with the details of your new itinerary to this email:firstname.lastname@example.com. In the email, you will need to include the unique ticket code TB that was generated by our system. If we are able to make the change, there is no additional cost for this service.
Reservations are definitive, and TicketsBolivia will issue the tickets booked with the exact information entered by the customer. We therefore urge you to carefully check the dates, origin, destination and the names of the passengers. When you make a reservation, you are stating your intent to purchase the ticket. If you cancel the operation, you may be required to pay cancellation fees or, in accordance with our Terms and Conditions described before.
Tickets are issued within a period ranging from 45 minutes to 24 working hours from the time of booking. This is usually done automatically after verifying the credit card charge, bank transfer or deposit (in the case this service is available).
If you are unable to travel, you must request a refund, which will be processed if permitted.
It is possible to change first or last names on a reservation or ticket from TicketsBolivia. You just need to send us an email with the new details, the trip number and we will confirm it to you via email within 24 or 48 hours.
Refunds are only authorized and processed by the bus companies, and are subject to the fare conditions.
Economy fares, also known as discount fares or "Economy with Restrictions," are usually NOT refunded. TicketsBolivia will also charge a processing fee for refunds, in addition to any charges established by the bus company.
The passenger will not be entitled to any refunds if refused boarding due to:
For all direct or indirect refunds requested by the passenger, and permitted by the applied fare, a handling fee will be charged in addition to any fees established by the bus company.
Similarly, in addition to any charges established by each bus company, any voluntary changes or reissues requested by the passenger involving changes in the date, routes or name, when permitted by the bus company, will result in an administrative fee per person.
Each bus company has its own rules concerning luggage. If your luggage is lost or damaged, go to the Terminal police of the city.
For national trips, you are required to arrive at the check-in counter a maximum of 30 minutes before the departure time for your trip. For international trips, you must check in an hour before departure time.
Our secure server accepts the following types of cards:
To further guarantee your security, each time you make a purchase from TicketsBolivia, you will be asked to re-enter your card information, which is not stored with the information you provide during registration. All information is encrypted by our secure server.
You can make a reservation even if you are not one of the passengers. TicketsBolivia reserves the right to review, authorize or refuse to authorize such reservations.
TicketsBolivia may require that an express authorization be sent by fax by the paying customer, along with a legible photocopy of his or her national ID document or passport, if deemed necessary.
Financial institutions often temporarily block the amount of available credit until the final charge is made, and later reverse the temporary charge. The customer may temporarily see such duplicate charges, but one of them will automatically be reversed by the financial institution.
Amounts withheld in this manner will disappear automatically from the card statement within approximately one or two weeks.
Service charges include handling and ticket issue fees, are not refundable under any circumstances, and are independent from the original ticket cost. Such fees will be applied again in the event of changes or refunds, if the fare allows such operations (except in situations where they are not requested by the buyer).
Additional fees will be applied in the requests for changes or refunds that are described in our Terms and Conditions: Bus tickets cancellations and reimbursements.
Most of the Bolivian bus terminals asks for a minimum fee that are not included in the ticket and needs to be purchased by all customers that uses these terminals. This fee varies from 0.10 to 0.50 US dollars per passenger.
You can send your invoice request to firstname.lastname@example.com .
Each destination has its own requirements as far as entry formalities, vaccinations, etc., which can also vary depending on the passengers nationality.
It is your responsibility to collect that information. No incidents arising from the failure to comply with such official regulations will be considered the responsibility of TicketsBolivia. We therefore urge you to always verify the different formalities of the chosen destination or transit countries (if its the case), as well as the time needed to take all of the related steps.
Without the necessary documents, you will NOT be allowed to travel. If you are not sure about the regulations applicable in each case, consult the embassies/consulates of the Bolivian government, or in the case you are going to travel to a different country, the embassy/consulate of this country.
For passengers who are minors, it is mandatory to travel with a national ID document (DNI) or passport, as appropriate. If minors are traveling without parents or legal guardians, a signed authorization from the parents will be required.
Persons under the age of 18 cannot be responsible for another minor.
All kind of bus tickets for children or teenager will be verified that are with the accompany of their parents or protectors. The Bolivian police will verify your ID cards or passports in each terminal, and you can also visit the special police office in every terminal.
The offices for children protection are open from Monday to Sunday, from 7:00 to 23:00.
Important note: No one will be allowed to travel without the verification of the ID card or passport. For children will be also need to have:
TicketsBolivia does not sell any travel insurance, as this is already included in all the Bolivian bus companies due to the national law.
ALL special services must be requested before the ticket is issued. Before making your reservation, please contact our call center in order to make the appropriate request to the bus company.
The bus company reserves the right to accept or refuse such services, and in some cases this may require additional costs.
You can send your request at least 3 days before the trip giving us your reservation number to: firstname.lastname@example.com .
Certain pets can be accepted for transport in the cabin, as long as they meet the conditions established by bus company.
Remember that, AFTER THE SERVICE IS REQUESTED AND THE REQUEST IS CONFIRMED, before the ticket is issued, GUIDE DOGS WILL ONLY BE ALLOWED IN THE CABIN AS FOLLOWS:
The regulations concerning acceptance, documentation, disclaimer of liability by the bus company, and type of container (if traveling in the luggage compartment) will be the same as for other pets.
For deaf passengers, a medical certificate will be required confirming their condition, and confirmation from the bus company will also be required.
This category includes passengers who may require special assistance during travel due to sensory or locomotor limitations. Some examples are passengers requiring a wheelchair, passengers with impaired hearing or sight, sick passengers requiring a stretcher, and passengers who, for different reasons, require any other type of assistance during travel.
Bus companies in Bolivia hardly offer this service having a limited number of seats devoted to these services. In order to ask and prepare the measures required for proper service provision, the reservation must be requested 72 hours before the expected date of departure. For the above reasons, we recommend that you make your reservation as far in advance as possible.
Children under the age of 2 (infants, or INF) are those who have not reached their second birthday on the date of the trip (outgoing and return), and who do not occupy a seat. If they do occupy a seat, they will be treated as children between the ages of 2 and 11 years.
Babies under 8 months. Bassinets will ALWAYS be requested before the ticket is issued, or in the Observations field that we offer our customers.
Bus transport is normally safe for a pregnant woman. However we particularly advise against bus transport during the last month of pregnancy and the first 7 days after the birth.
As a general rule, a medical authorization is recommended for traveling:
In any case, the bus company reserves the right to refuse boarding if any risk is observed in the passenger.
Bus travel with premature babies or those less than 15 days old is not recommended. Keep in mind that:
In any case, the bus company reserves the right to refuse boarding if any risk is observed.
Smoking is prohibited on buses and where posted at bus shelters. If you smoke, you wil have the possibility in every break the bus driver gives. Be considerate of the passengers.
All bus companies have professional drivers that will look after your security, nevertheless there is always the possibility that the bus driver may not be healthy enough or you believe he does not have the necessary mental or physical conditions to drive the bus.
If you notice this, please inform immediately to any police officer that you will find in any terminal or bus control in the route.
Bolivian police is always controlling that all the trips are correct, you have the option to ask or claim for any issue to any police agent.
Bolivian police have offices and officers in every terminal, in all the routes where you find a control and in all the towns you will visit.
Liability for loss, delay or damage to luggage is limited unless a higher value has been declared as a special request, and additional charges have been paid. For most bus trips, the liability limit depends to the Bus Company and the distance of your trip. Buses normally do not accept liability for fragile, valuable or perishable items. You can request additional information from the Bus Company.
Loss or breakage: Please go to the offices of the bus company you traveled with, and if necessary to the police office that you will find the the terminal.
For safety reasons, passenger luggage cannot contain hazardous articles such as the following:
Other hazardous items such as magnetized, unpleasant or irritating materials.
Request additional information if needed.
The price of this ticket includes taxes, duties and fees applied to bus transport by government authorities. Such taxes, duties and fees represent a significant portion of the price for bus transport, and is included in the fare or detailed separately in the "TAX/DUTY/CHARGES" box on the ticket. The passenger may also be required to pay any taxes, duties and fees that have not been charged earlier.
This is an agreement between Tickets Bolivia and the user.
If you would like to contact us regarding any aspect of our general conditions, send an email to email@example.com
The User's acceptance of the following limitation of liability is essential so that Tickets Bolivia can issue and send the bus tickets. The purchase of bus tickets on this website belonging to Tickets Bolivia implies full adherence to and acceptance of each and every general and specific condition by the customer.
We operate as a Travel Agency, meaning that we act as agents for third-party suppliers such as Bus companies or other service that we may be working. This contract is therefore between the user and the supplier.
Because the service contract is between the user and the supplier, any query or complaint regarding the product should be addressed to the supplier. We will provide you with any assistance needed, and our customer assistance department is available to answer any questions or suggestions at email@example.com .
If there are any changes in the information you have provided, or if erroneous information has been sent to the travel agency, it is your responsibility to let us know via the appropriate channels indicated by Tickets Bolivia.
The User states that he or she is of legal age, and has legal capacity to purchase the services offered through the Tickets Bolivia website.
If you need to make a change to your purchased ticket, it is your responsibility to notify TicketsBolivia to find out whether it can be done, the possible penalties and the steps that must be taken. Your written notification must be made at least two work-days before the date of the trip. Send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com
. TicketsBolivia will consult with the transportation companies involved and inform you of the cost for such changes, if they are possible. Changes in itineraries must be verified and confirmed, depending to the availability of the bus or train company.
If you request a change in date within 48 hours of the original date, this ticket can no longer be cancelled.
We must point out that with unrestricted fares, the failure to cancel will result in "no show" status, and therefore the complete loss of your right to a refund.
To cancel your reservation, we will need the Booking number and your email address (the email address used during the purchase process).
Conditions for reimbursements are the following:
Please send your cancellation details from Monday through Friday to this email: email@example.com .
In case the trip is cancelled because of a geopolitical conflict, natural disaster or any other reason that are not in our control, we will send you an email with the details, or via telephone if needed, in order to explain you the reasons of the cancellation.
If this happens, you will have the following options:
Requests for cancellations ARE NO PROCESSED on Saturdays, Sundays or holidays. They are only processed on workdays, from Monday trough Friday.
Payment gateways charge around 1$us for a refund transaction, which is not covered by Tickets Bolivia.
Tickets Bolivia uses american dollars for all its transactions, your Bank might charge a commission for exchange rates with other currencies.
Oltursa at its discretion may allow cancellation and modification of bookings on the following conditions:
Everyday more and more customers trust TicketsBolivia for their travel reservations. At TicketsBolivia, we use the latest data encryption techniques to ensure that your purchases will be absolutely secure.
When you access the pages where we ask for personal information, you will notice that a padlock appears on the bottom left-hand corner of your browser:
This is the proof that your browser has recognized that you are in a "secure area" and that the data you exchange with TicketsBolivia cannot be viewed by third parties.
All transactions are performed using the SSL (Secure Socket Layer) data encryption system. This system codifies all data so that it is impossible for it to be deciphered by third parties, guaranteeing the highest level of security and confidentiality for your Internet transactions.
If you click on the padlock icon, you will also see that TicketsBolivia bears the guarantee seal of an independent entity. Goddady´s SSL has checked that we use the appropriate encryption protocol to guarantee the confidentiality of your information and the security of your payments.
Another way to verify that TicketsBolivia is a secure website is by looking at the bar on your browser: You will notice that when you enter those pages where we ask for personal information, the address is no longer http://, but https://. The "s" shows, once again, that we use the SSL data encryption protocol so that no one can access the information you exchange with us.
In any case, you can call us at (591) 2 2430494 in order to perform the entire process of searching, making reservations and purchasing tickets by phone.


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Maxi Dresses Muslim Casual Velvet Long Dress For Women High Waist A li – Hijab Modesty İstanbul
Free Shipping For All Products
Various clothing elements of modern Islamic clothing, for casual and special days. Started with comfortable hijabs, long skirts and tunics finishing with elegant and maxi dresses with a plus-size option. Easy payment, high service, and free shipping worldwide.

subset: commoncrawl


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Mina did not want to put hers in any particular shape so I just let her do it her way. And she is loving the color red lately so she only wanted to paint with that color.
Maisy designed her snowflake shape on her own, I think she based it on the crystal snowflakes we made recently.
The finished products:


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Makers: A History of American Studio Craft
University of North Carolina Press, 2010 - Art - 529 pages
Here is the first comprehensive survey of modern craft in the United States. Makers follows the development of studio craft--objects in fiber, clay, glass, wood, and metal--from its roots in nineteenth-century reform movements to the rich diversity of expression at the end of the twentieth century.
More than four hundred illustrations complement this chronological exploration of the American craft tradition. Keeping as their main focus the objects and the makers, Janet Koplos and Bruce Metcalf offer a detailed analysis of seminal works and discussions of education, institutional support, and the philosophical underpinnings of craft. In a vivid and accessible narrative, they highlight the value of physical skill, examine craft as a force for moral reform, and consider the role of craft as an aesthetic alternative.
Exploring craft's relationship to fine arts and design, Koplos and Metcalf foster a critical understanding of the field and help explain craft's place in contemporary culture. Makers will be an indispensable volume for craftspeople, curators, collectors, critics, historians, students, and anyone who is interested in American craft.
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text: On New Year's Eve, three babies managed to enter the world in a different day, month, and year than their twin. In Minneapolis Beckett Humenny was born 6:40 p.m. Dec. 31, 2011, and his sister Freya followed at at 12:26 a.m. on Jan. 1, 2012. In Buffalo, New York, Ronan and Rory Rosputni were born at 11:37 p.m. and 12:10 a.m. respectively. Meanwhile in Tampa, Florida, Jenna Bear was born in last minute of 2011, and her sister Leah joined her at midnight. Blake Bear, the girls' father, says, "It's a great way to end the previous year and start the new year." Not to mention a great reason to demand separate parties when they're older.


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Fluorescent labeling and detection
Thermo Fisher Scientific, through our Molecular Probes™ product line, is the world's leading developer of fluorescence-based technology. This contribution of more than 35 years of experience, knowledge, and intellectual property has generated a diverse portfolio of products and applications such as immunoassay reagents, protein and nucleic acid microarray labeling kits, drug discovery assays, precast gels, RNAi conjugates, next-generation sequencing kits, real-time PCR master mixes, and more. Your company can capitalize on this product and intellectual property portfolio, knowledge, and experience base in order to fulfill your development and supply needs for commercial-use fluorescent labeling and detection. At the core of this competency is a cutting-edge team of chemists, biologists, and engineers, as well as a meticulous and efficient manufacturing team. Our ability to recommend, design, and develop customized reagents to match our customers' instruments is unsurpassed in the industry. We have extensive patent coverage for many of our novel technologies, and many of these patents are now available for license. We are looking for partners and look forward to working with you.
For more information about the many ways in which we can help you, please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Fluorescent labels
Alexa Fluor® Dyes
Our flagship Alexa Fluor® dyes provide superior fluorescence that spans the near-UV, visible, and near-IR spectra for protein and nucleic acid labeling. These dyes, without exception, produce the best and brightest conjugates ever tested. They are available in a variety of reactive forms to meet your labeling needs. Whether you want amine-reactive, thiol-reactive, or other functional group reactivity, our vast selection of labeling chemistries provides you with the tools you need to support your business. Or if you prefer, we are experts in conjugating biomolecules of interest with our proprietary fluorescent dyes.
ABI Dyes
These fluorescent dyes for oligonucleotides include FAM™, TET™, VIC®, JOE™, NED™, TAMRA™, ROX™, PET® dyes and others that are proprietary to Thermo Fisher Scientific. These dyes are now available for license, and are usually provided as custom oligonucleotide conjugates to our OEM customers/licensees.
- Learn More about Sequencing Tools ›
- Learn More about Nucleic Acid Amplification ›
Other Premium Dyes
We can also provide access to a variety of other fluorescent dye labels, including the following:
- BODIPY® dyes for labeling lipids and peptides
- QSY® quencher dyes that are used in combination with fluorophores to create fluorescence resonance energy assays
- Pacific Blue™ and Cascade Blue® dyes that are excitable at short wavelengths
- Fluorinated fluorescein and coumarin dyes that are highly photostable and pH-insensitive in the physiological range
Nucleic Acid Stains
Our highly sensitive nucleic acid stains have set the standard for detecting and quantitating RNA, DNA or oligonucleotides in gels, cells, solutions, and in capillary and flow cytometry applications. Included are our SYBR® Green I stain, which has proven to be the ubiquitous choice by researchers around the world for real-time PCR and PicoGreen® reagent, which is the most commonly used reagent for quantifying double stranded DNA. Our SYTOX® stains provide a clear indication of dying or compromised cells because they are relatively non-fluorescent until binding nucleic acids and they are membrane impermeant, so they only reach the nucleus of dead cells. Our SYTO® dyes permeate both living and dead cells, and are used to detect microbes as well as to stain mammalian cells. We also provide standard generic stains, including high-purity Hoechst dyes, propidium iodide, and others. Our nucleic acid stains are useful in a wide variety of applications including imaging, flow cytometry, and microplate assays.
- Learn More about our Nucleic Acid Detection and Analysis portfolio ›
Protein Stains
Our fluorogenic SYPRO® protein stains can be used for electrophoretic slab gels as well as for capillary electrophoretic separation of proteins, and for detecting proteins on surfaces.
- Learn More about our Protein Detection and Analysis portfolio ›.
Membrane and Lipid Stains
We also have a full portfolio of dyes that are sensitive to the relative hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of their environment, making them ideal for staining cell membranes and hydrophobic surfaces.
- Learn More about Lipids and Membranes ›
Sensors—molecules that respond to the presence of ions or small molecules in their environment by exhibiting changes in fluorescence—can be incredibly useful for a variety of applications including neurobiology, environmental testing, water testing, and drug discovery. We have been at the forefront in developing and commercializing these types of molecules. One of the most well known sensors, Fluo-4, which detects the presence and abundance of Ca2+ ions, has also proven to be one of the most useful. In drug discovery, large-scale screening of compound libraries still depends on the increase in green fluorescence of Fluo-4 upon binding calcium. Other sensors include the new and unique pH-sensitive dye pHrodoTM, whose red fluorescence is increased upon acidification of its environment, making it extremely useful for internalization assays and for detecting changes in pH in samples with high autofluorescence. We also offer a portfolio of sensors for detecting other ions, including sodium, potassium, lead, cadmium, chlorine, and others.
- Learn More about our sensors ›
Enzyme Substrates
We offer a wide variety of fluorogenic enzyme substrates for blot, microplate or solution-based assays as well as for cell- or tissue-based activity detection. These substrates can be used to detect endogenous enzyme activity, or can be used in enzyme-coupled reactions to amplify signals for detecting a wide range of analytes. For example, we offer validated solutions for enzyme activity assays using the extremely versatile Amplex® Red reagent. This highly stable and sensitive fluorogenic substrate for horseradish peroxidase has been used to develop a variety of novel fluorogenic and chromogenic assays for enzymes that produce hydrogen peroxide. Additionally, these coupled enzyme assays permit the ultrasensitive quantitation of a diverse assortment of analytes including glucose, galactose, cholesterol, and hydrogen peroxide. Our Tropix® chemiluminescent product line is the industry standard for lumigenic immunoassay detection.
- Learn More about Tropix® chemiluminescence technology
- Learn More about our immunoassay portfolio
Contact Us
This is by no means a complete list of all of our fluorescence technologies. Please contact us for more information on any of our products, technologies, and applications for commercial use at email@example.com.


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Paula Deen's Sons: She's No Racist
CNN/Stylemagazine.com Newswire | 6/25/2013, 9:10 a.m.
By Josh Levs
Celebrity chef Paula Deen's sons staunchly defended their mother Tuesday, saying allegations of racism are false "character assassination."
"Neither one of our parents ever taught us to be bigoted toward any other person for any reason," Bobby Deen told CNN's "New Day" in an exclusive interview with Chris Cuomo.
"Our mother is one of the most compassionate, good-hearted, empathetic people that you'd ever meet," he added. "These accusations are very hurtful to her, and it's very sad."
In a recent lawsuit deposition, Deen admitted having used the "N-word" long ago. The suit alleges discrimination and racism at two of Deen's restaurants.
But the Deen sons -- also chefs with TV shows, and part of their family's restaurant businesses -- insisted the depictions of their mother are an effort by the plaintiff to get a chunk of the family fortune.
"I'm disgusted by the entire thing, because it began as extortion and it has become character assassination," Bobby Deen said.
Jamie Deen said it's "ridiculous, completely absurd to think there is an environment of racism in our business, and it's really disrespectful to the people that we work with. We have strong, educated men and women of character that have been with us for five, 10, 15, 20 years. To think they would allow themselves to be in this position is simply baloney. It's ridiculous."
When he was a child, Jamie Deen said, his parents taught him the story of his hero, baseball legend Hank Aaron. They explained that "the challenges (Aaron) had to overcome because of his color was unacceptable."
Paula Deen's fortune has taken a hit in recent days as the Food Network dropped her, as did Smithfield Foods, one of her key sponsors.
There are questions now over whether other businesses including QVC and Walmart may cut ties with the star of Southern cooking.
The lawsuit
Deen and her brother are being sued for alleged sexual and racial harassment by a former manager of Deen's restaurants in Savannah, Georgia.
Lisa T. Jackson's lawsuit alleges that Deen and Bubba Hier committed numerous acts of violence, discrimination and racism that resulted in the end of her five-year tenure at Deen's Lady & Sons and Uncle Bubba's Oyster House eateries in Savannah.
When Dean was questioned under oath for a deposition, she was asked whether she had used the "N-word." Deen answered that she had probably used the racial slur when talking to her husband about "when a black man burst into the bank that I was working at and put a gun to my head."
Asked whether she had used the word since, she responded, "I'm sure I have, but it's been a very long time."
Jackson's lawsuit also claims Deen wanted to plan a party in the style of a Southern plantation, staffed with black waiters dressed to resemble slaves.
In her deposition, Deen said she was speaking of an experience she had had recently in which the wait staff was composed of black men in white jackets and bowties, and that she had said she would love for Hier to "experience a very Southern style wedding" such as that.
"I did not mean anything derogatory by saying I loved their look and their professionalism," she added.
Deen's lawyer rejects the lawsuit's claims of racism.
"Contrary to media reports, Ms. Deen does not condone or find the use of racial epithets acceptable," Bill Franklin said. "She is looking forward to her day in court."
In a video online last week, Paula Deen, 66, apologized to "to those that I have hurt."
"My family and I are not the kind of people the press are wanting to say we are," she said. "... Your color, your religion, your sexual preference does not matter to me. But it's what's in the heart, and my family and I try to live by that."
Bobby Deen said the "N-word" was not part of their vocabulary at home. "That word, that horrifying, terrible word that exists and I abhor it coming from any person -- ... we weren't raised in a home where that word was used."


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Methodist University Golf Club
Average: 2 (1 vote)
5400 Ramsey St
Fayetteville, NC 28311-1420
Fayetteville, NC 28311-1420
(910) 630-7608
Edit Course
This course at Methodist has lots of flaws with turf. When I went it was very muddy rotted sewage smell all over course . The greens had fungi mold all over it and looked very sick and poor quality. I did not like playing this course at all however the course was very easy to play actually too easy but the up keep was poor looking . I spoke to the golf course maintenance manager I think his name was Steven I ask him why was the course in poor shape and he said " This University screw them I just get paid and go home " WOW poor attitude then he went on sayin he doesn't care about the University . Now I see why this course is in such bad shape and poor quality they need a more qualified person that cares.
Course Details/History
- Architect Name – (R) Ross Forbes
- Greens Grass Type – Bermuda Grass
- Regulation Length Holes – 18
- Twitter – https://www.pga.com/
Services Offered
- Fitness Center
- Custom Golf Equipment Fitting
- Golf Instruction
- Golf Schools
- Practice Facilities
Home » Golf Courses » North Carolina » Fayetteville » Methodist University Golf Club
Courses Nearby
(0.8 miles)
(5.2 miles)
(6.8 miles)
(7.6 miles)
(8.5 miles)


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Futuristic fire-fighting boots and a robot dog may not be the focal point of this piece of concept art, but they're definitely the most intriguing. We're not sure what these boots are supposed to do in the first place, but we know that the artist calls them "fire pumps."
Do they spray water out of the soles or give the wearer the ability to leap through flames? The robot dog with a hose for a tail is a lot more self-explanatory. He could scout ahead for hotspots and then take care of them himself with a flick of his hind end.
While we wouldn't mind living in a world populated with artist Neville Page's civil workers, we doubt that much work would get done. Everyone would probably be busy taking the day off to pose for calendars. Still, we love the attention to detail in these boots, even if neither we nor Neville know what they do. He tossed the whole piece together in a day and a half, wanting to work mainly on a pinup in some futuristic fire-fighting gear. Looks like he succeeded. Pair her up with the futuristic fire engine and you're playing with fire.


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Next Episode of House Detective is
not planed. TV Show was canceled.
An informative series that explores the world of downspouts, crawlspaces and other home problem areas. Our cameras follow along as a certified home inspector takes a home owner, buyer or seller through an actual inspection. An informative segment called "Inspector's Notebook" gives viewers a chance to learn more about one particular problem that the inspector finds during each inspection. (Source: HGTV)
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The squabbling between Activision and Harmonix over the compatibility of Guitar Hero III guitars with Rock Band has been a serious thorn in the side of rocking PS3 owners. There's are few ways to get an extra guitar for four-player Rock Band, and Activision has been firm in its stance that until the money starts to flow, there will be no compatibility. However, it looks like the company's decision may have prompted others to act: Nyko has announced its own third-party PS3 guitar that is compatible with both games.
Nyko's guitar appears to be roughly based on the Xbox 360 Xplorer, and though it doesn't feature the solo buttons from the Rock Band Fender, it still looks to be a serviceable device. From the feature list:
- Compatible with Guitar Hero III and Rock Band
- Up to 80 hours of continuous play time from three AA batteries
- Wireless technology for cordless gaming up to 25 ft. away
- Built-in tilt sensor & responsive whammy bar
- Bi-directional strum bar
- Responsive and durable fret buttons
- Interchangeable pick guard for custom look
- Unique directional pad design for convenient menu navigation
- Effects switch for Rock Band play
It seems foolish on the part of Activision to have let this happen. Whatever extra sales the PS3 Guitar Hero peripheral would have made will be lost if the Nyko guitar beats the compatibility patch to market.
Image courtesy of 1up.


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Alice Cooper (born Vincent Damon Furnier; February 4, 1948) is an American rock singer, songwriter and musician whose career spans more than four decades. With a stage show that features guillotines, electric chairs, fake blood, boa constrictors and baby dolls, Cooper has drawn equally from horror movies, vaudeville and garage rock to pioneer a grandly theatrical and violent brand of heavy metal that was designed to shock.
Alice Cooper was originally a band consisting of Furnier on vocals and harmonica, lead guitarist Glen Buxton, Michael Bruce on rhythm guitar, Dennis Dunaway on bass guitar, and drummer Neal Smith. The original Alice Cooper band broke into the international music mainstream with the 1971 hit "I'm Eighteen" from the album Love it to Death, which was followed by the even bigger single "School's Out" in 1972. The band reached their commercial peak with the 1973 album Billion Dollar Babies.
Furnier's solo career as Alice Cooper, adopting the band's name as his own name, began with the 1975 concept album Welcome to My Nightmare. In 2008 he released Along Came a Spider, his 18th solo album. Expanding from his original Detroit rock roots, over the years Cooper has experimented with many different musical styles, including conceptual rock, art rock, hard rock, new wave, pop rock, experimental rock and industrial rock.


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Wood Doors in Highlands Ranch, CO
New wood entry doors can be an elegant option to add curb appeal, security and value to your home. Front doors are one of the first details that guests notice when they arrive and one of the last as they leave. Front and rear wood entry doors can come in many styles and configurations that vary depending on your entry way. Double doors, double side windows, or windows to the left or right sides of the door, can allow some visibility and fit wider doorways.
Wood doors offer the most traditional look, while their substantial weight adds a sense of security and sturdiness to your home. Wood doors are usually made using frame and panel construction to counteract the effects of climatic or seasonal changes and come in a variety of wood species.
Options & Finishes
Most of our wood entry door products have a variety of decorative glass, hardware and wood-grain finish or color options. There are several qualified ENERGY STAR models available for all 50 states. With a wide variety of options to choose from, we are sure to have what you or your customers are looking for, and we take pride in providing our customers with the best customer service and warranty coverage in the industry today.
The Glass Guru offers a wide variety of wood entry door brands and options to fit your needs. Our estimators and installers are wood entry door experts. Whether you need an entry door for new construction or to replace and upgrade the existing door at your current home, no one knows wood doors in Highlands Ranch, CO like The Glass Guru.
Contact The Glass Guru today to schedule your Wood Door estimate today!
Services vary by market, Call Us for availability.
*All products/services shown may not be available in all areas. Please contact us for availabilty.
Contact Us
6618 Wadsworth Blvd.
Arvada, CO. 80003
Arvada, CO. 80003
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Hank lost his way on short-term rentals
Hold on there, Hank. I love your column, your research is great, but have you lost your way on this subject? That was then; this is now. The majority of the houses were built as summer vacation homes. Our population mushroomed in the summer. It was a vacation, seasonal community. Short-term rentals were appropriate. Live and let live! But …
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REAL ESTATE- $old
Equity Trustees LLC, trustee, to HSBC Bank USA National Association, 356 Union Mills Road, Candlewood, Troy, $205,500.
HSBC Bank USA National Assoc. to David F. Rafaly, 356 Union Mills Road, Candlewood, Troy, $205,500.
Janet C. Heckethorn to Kristen J. and David C. Brown Jr., 103 Middlesex Drive, Queen Charlotte, $160,895.
Laurel Park Investments LLC to Colonial Ice Cream Co. Inc., 0.064 acres at 1394 Timberwood Boulevard, Laurel Park subdivision, Hollymead Town Center, $240,000.
Ballif Investments LLC to Colonial Ice Cream Co. Inc., 0.0720 acres at condominium unit at 2152 Saranac Court, the Pavilions at Pantops, $329,900.
NVR Inc. to Colonial Ice Cream Co. Inc., 0.050 acres at 1915 Asheville Drive, the Pavilions at Pantops, $229,000.
Sara Catherine Walden to Mark E. King, 21.594 acres at 5055 Hope Lane, North Garden, $193,400.
Samuel I. White, trustee, to HSBC Bank USA National Association, 0/5840 acres at 5502 Monacan Trail Road, $360,942.
United States of America to Emerald Spring LLC, 7278 Corville Farm Road, Afton, $67,050.
Brian A. Pertillar to James L. Tapscott, 43.0 acres at Ramsey Creek Farms, 850 Hatton Court, Scottsville, $169,800.
Karen M. Wilcox to Joseph G. Guastella, 2445 Redbud Lane, Redbud, $402,200.
Hartman Family Corp. to Profitt Station LLC, 1.43 acres on State Route 649, 3365 Stony Point Road, $195,000.
James W. Kelly to Dwayne E. and Melodie K. Rye, 5300 Little Fox Lane, Cory Farm, $337,000.
Robert Lee Green Jr. to Ralph E. Main Jr., trustee, 21.66 acres on State Route 729, $433,600.
John P. Williamson to David T. Haberly, 3367 Marsden Point, the Rocks, Keswick, $300,000.
Erich H. Buschman to Jeffrey W. Clatterbuck, 275 Audubon Drive, Arbor Park, Earlysville, $339,400.
Lauren V. Starkey to Thomas M. Starkey, 1812 Locust Shade Court, Mill Creek, gift.
Blandemar Farm Inc. to Jerry D. Eudy, parcel in Blandemar Farm Estates, $643,600.
Harry E. Price to James E. Muehlberg, 1654 Shady Grove Court, RiverRun, $166,900.
Ronald S. Woodson to Charles Lunsford III, 2.66 acres at 4769 Plank Road, North Garden, $20,000.
Old Trail Creekside III LLC to Craig Enterprises Inc., parcel in phase 2, Old Trail Creekside, $201,700.
Victor M. Modic to James B. Bennett Nurse, 304 Camelot Drive, Camelot, $196,600.
Michael B. Uriss to Tyler W. Sewell, 2.39 acres at 1965 Lewis Mountain Road, $340,500.
Wendy W. Flynn, ex., to John Kay Sleeman, 1536 Lake Forest Drive, Four Seasons, $260,000.
Wallace M. Forloines, trustee, to Jason R. Hull, 2 Forloines Drive, Mountain Vista, $262,500.
Jeff C. McTague to Elaine A. Whaley, condominium unit at 599 Millstone Court, Brookmill condominiums, $175,300.
Big Deal:
Blandemar Farm Inc. to Jerry D. Eudy, parcel in Blandemar Farm Estates, $643,600.


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Homemaking is a mainly [1]
Goods and services created at the household level are generally consumed within the country within which they were produced, and hence contribute to "Domestic Consumption" [2].
A person in charge of the homemaking, who isn't employed outside the home, is in the U.S. and Canada often called a homemaker, a gender-neutral term for a housewife or a househusband. The term "homemaker", however, may also refer to a social worker who manages a household during the incapacity of the housewife or househusband.[1]
Housework is not always a lifetime commitment; many, for economic or personal reasons, return to the workplace. In previous decades, there were many mandatory courses for the young to learn the skills of homemaking. In high school, courses included cooking, nutrition, home economics, family and consumer science (FACS), and food and cooking hygiene. This last one may underlie the tradition that a homemaker is portrayed wearing an apron. More recently, most of these courses have been abolished, and many youths in high school and college would be more likely to study child development and the management of children's behavior.
The method and function of housework are different in the industrial world and in other countries, with the balance of convenience, labor-saving devices and easier methods being in the industrial homemaker's favor. The reason for this is that mechanical invention has been applied extensively to different tasks of the home. Inventors have developed mechanical labor-saving devices not only for the shop and office, but also for the home. There are, on the market, thousands of household tools, devices and equipment for every domestic need. It only remains for the homemaker to choose between them.
Another reason for the great supply and demand for household labor savers in the industrial world is that the homemaker has to face the increasingly complex problem of scarce domestic help. With cheap labor, the need for the mechanical replacers of labor, or "mechanical servants," will not be keenly felt, however, the majority of homemakers perform their own household tasks. It is to this class of homemakers who are actively concerned in domestic work that the labor-saver and improved modern tool most appeal. The homemaker's time and effort are worth conserving by every means. Homemakers should, therefore, be eager to buy and use all the household tools that will save their strength and time and liberate them from household drudgery.
While some homemakers are "handy" with tools, the fact remains that most homemakers are unfamiliar with the different principles involved in mechanical tools and devices. The homemaker, however, is called to have knowledge of the principles of applied mechanics. Courses in school physics unfortunately leave a student with little practical knowledge that can be applied to domestic equipment. The gaining of knowledge concerning domestic tools may lead the homemaker to purchase good quality equipment, which may assist in saving time and labor.
Most modern-day houses contain sanitary facilities and a means of preparing food. A kitchen is a room or part of a room used by the Homemaker for cooking and food preparation. In the West, a modern kitchen is typically equipped with a stove, an oven, a sink with hot and cold running water, a refrigerator and kitchen cabinets. Many homemakers use a microwave oven, a dishwasher and other electric appliances. The main function of a kitchen is cooking or preparing food but it may also be used for dining and entertaining.
Cooking is the process of preparing food by applying heat, selecting, measuring and combining of ingredients in an ordered procedure for producing safe and edible food. The process encompasses a vast range of methods, tools and combinations of ingredients to alter the flavor, appearance, texture, or digestibility of food. Factors affecting the final outcome include the variability of ingredients, ambient conditions, tools, and the skill of the individual doing the actual cooking.
The diversity of cooking worldwide is a reflection of the aesthetic, agricultural, economic, cultural, social and religious diversity throughout the nations, races, creeds and tribes across the globe. Applying heat to a food usually, though not always, chemically transforms it, thus changing its flavor, texture, consistency, appearance, and nutritional properties. Methods of cooking that involve the boiling of liquid in a receptacle have been practised at least since the 10th millennium BC, with the introduction of pottery.
An automated dishwasher.
A vacuum cleaner.
Housekeeping by the homemaker is the care and control of property, ensuring its maintenance and proper use and appearance. A home is a place of residence.[2] In a private home a maid or housekeeper might be employed to do some of the housekeeping. Housework is work done by the act of housekeeping. Some housekeeping is housecleaning and some housekeeping is home chores. Home chores are housework that needs to be done at regular intervals,[3] Housekeeping includes the budget and control of expenditures, preparing meals and buying food, paying the heat bill, and cleaning the house.[4] Outdoor housecleaning chores include removing leaves from rain gutters, washing windows, sweeping doormats, cleaning the pool, putting away lawn furniture, and taking out the trash.[5]
Housecleaning by the homemaker is the systematic process of making a home neat and clean. This may be applied more broadly that just an individual home, or as a metaphor for a similar "clean up" process applied elsewhere such as a procedural reform. In the process of housecleaning general cleaning activities are completed, such as disposing of rubbish, storing of belongings in regular places, cleaning dirty surfaces, dusting and vacuuming. The details of this are various and complicated enough that many books have been published on the subject. How-to sites on the internet have many articles on housecleaning. Tools include the vacuum cleaner, broom and mop. Supplies such as cleaning solutions and sponges are sold in grocery stores and elsewhere. Professional cleaners can be hired for less frequent or specialist tasks such as cleaning blinds, rugs, and sofas. Professional services are also offered for the basic tasks. Safety is a consideration because some cleaning products are toxic and some cleaning tasks are physically demanding. Green cleaning refers to cleaning without causing pollution. The history of housecleaning has links to the advancement of technology.
A washing machine.
A clothes dryer.
Laundry refers to the act of washing clothing and linens, the place where that washing is done, and/or that which needs to be, is being, or has been laundered. Various chemicals may be used to increase the solvent power of water, such as the compounds in soaproot or yucca-root used by Native American tribes. Soap, a compound made from lye (from wood-ash) and fat, is an ancient and very common laundry aid. Modern washing machines typically use powdered or liquid laundry detergent in place of more traditional soap. Once clean, the clothes have been wrung out — twisted to remove most of the water. Then they were hung up on poles or clotheslines to air dry, or sometimes just spread out on clean grass.
Washing machines and dryers are now fixtures in homes around the world. In some parts of the world, including the USA, Canada, and Switzerland, apartment buildings and dormitories often have laundry rooms, where residents share washing machines and dryers. Usually the machines are set to run only when money is put in a coin slot. In other parts of the world, apartment buildings with laundry rooms are uncommon, and each apartment may have its own washing machine. Those without a machine at home or the use of a laundry room must either wash their clothes by hand or visit a commercial laundromat.
A clothes dryer is a household appliance that is used to remove moisture from a load of clothing and other textiles, generally shortly after they are cleaned in a washing machine. Most dryers consist of a rotating drum called a tumbler through which heated air is circulated to evaporate the moisture from the load. The tumbler is rotated relatively slowly in order to maintain space between the articles in the load. In most cases, the tumbler is belt-driven by an induction motor. Using these machines may cause clothes to shrink, become less soft (due to loss of short soft fibers/ lint) and fade. For these reasons, as well as environmental concerns, many people use open air methods such as a clothes line and clotheshorse.
Laundry starch is used in the laundering of clothes. Starch was widely used in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries to stiffen the wide collars and ruffs of fine linen which surrounded the necks of the well-to-do. During the 19th century and early 20th century, it was stylish to stiffen the collars and sleeves of men'sshirts and the ruffles of girls' petticoats by applying starch to them as the clean clothes were being ironed. Aside from the smooth, crisp edges it gave to clothing, it served practical purposes as well. Dirt and sweat from a person's neck and wrists would stick to the starch rather than to the fibers of the clothing, and would easily wash away along with the starch. After each laundering, the starch would be reapplied. Today the product is sold in aerosol cans for home use.
Homemakers that follow predictive maintenance techniques determine the condition of in-service equipment in order to predict when maintenance should be performed. This approach offers cost savings over routine or time-based maintenance, because tasks are performed only when warranted. Homemakers that follow preventive maintenance methods ensure that household equipment and the house are in satisfactory operating condition by providing for inspection, detection, and correction of incipient failures either before they occur or before they develop into major defects.
Home maintenance involves the diagnosis and resolution of problems in a home, and is related to home maintenance to avoid such problems. Many types of maintenance are "Do it yourself" (DIY) projects. Maintenance is not necessarily the same as home improvement, although many improvements can result from repairs or maintenance. Often the costs of larger repairs will justify the alternative of investment in full-scale improvements. It may make just as much sense to upgrade a home system (with an improved one) as to repair it or incur ever-more-frequent and expensive maintenance for an inefficient, obsolete or dying system. For a DIY project, also useful is the established limits on time and money investments before a repair (or list of repairs) become overwhelming and discouraging, and less likely to ever be completed.
Homemakers that have a lawn responsibility adhere to seasonal lawn care practices, which vary to some extent depending on the climate zone and type of grass that is grown (whether cool season or warm season varieties). Various recognized method used by homemakers in lawn care are observed in any area. At spring or early summer, homemakers seed, sod, or sprig a yard when the ground is warmer. Summer lawn care by homemakers have lawn mower at high cutting for cool season grass, and lower cutting for warm season lawns. At the autumn time, lawns are mowed by homemakers at a lower height and thatch buildup that occurs in warm season grasses are removed.[6] Homemakers do add sandy loam and apply fertilizer, containing some type of wetting agent. Cool season lawns are planted in the autumn with adequate rainfall. Lawn care in the winter is minimal, requiring only light feedings of organic material, such as green-waste compost, and minerals to encourage earthworms and beneficial microbes.
Household management by the homemaker is the act of overseeing the organizational, financial, and day-to-day operations of a house or estate. It differs from housekeeping, which consists of the physical maintenance and cleaning of a house.
Also common in the U.S are homemaking parties which involve a group of people doing household work instead of hanging out with their friends.
Household de-cluttering involves putting things in their proper place after they have been used. "Cleaning up your mess" might involve removing glasses or eating utensils from the living room if you have eaten a meal there in front of the television. If several people have done that over a few days and not removed their glasses, dishes and utensils from the living room, the living room is considered to be "cluttered" with dishes. The dishes are out of place because they belong in the kitchen, washed and put away in the cupboards. That is the most common example of clutter in a modern American household.
There is another definition of clutter, which refers to having simply too many things and not enough room for all of it. Sometimes as happens in Asian households, the items are necessary, but the house is simply too small, and ingenious methods are needed to organize everything so that unsightly clutter does not result. However, removing unneeded or no longer necessary objects from a household or home is also an aspect of de-cluttering. Objects can be given away to friends or charitable organizations, sold as second-hand, recycled or thrown away.
Extreme forms of an inability to de-clutter is a behavioral aspect of compulsive hoarding. On the other end, a society that relies overly much on generating and then disposing of waste is referred to as throw-away society.
Household purchasing refers to homemaker's attempt to acquire goods or services to accomplish the goals of the household. Though there are several households that attempt to set standards in the purchasing process, processes can vary greatly between households. Typically the word "purchasing" is not used interchangeably with the word "procurement", since procurement typically includes other concepts. Home makers decide the market goods that the household will buy, such as the groceries which have been bought at a grocer's.
Another important purchase handled by homemakers is the power source used for appliances. Home or other building heating may include boilers, furnaces, and water heaters. Compressed natural gas is used in rural homes without connections to piped-in public utility services, or with portable grills. However, due to being less economical than LPG, LPG (Propane) is the dominant source of rural gas for natural gas-powered ranges and/or ovens, natural gas-heated clothes dryers, heating/cooling and central heating. The amount of usages is determined by factors such as natural gas prices.
Homemakers may manage household workers or "domestic workers".
In sociology, household work strategy is the division of labour between members of a household, whether implicit or the result of explicit decision–making, with the alternatives weighed up in a simplified type of cost-benefit analysis.[7][8] It is a plan for the relative deployment of household members' time between the three domains of employment:
Household work strategies may vary over the life-cycle, as household members age, or with the economic environment; they may be imposed by one person or be decided collectively.[9]
eu:Etxeko lanak
fr:Femme au foyer
Socialism, Economics, Politics, Syndicalism, Anarcho-syndicalism
Clothing, Cooking, Tool, Sociology, Food
Golf, Association football, Cat, Music, Dog


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Choosing motor controls and drives
In any industrial control application, using the right drives and motor controls can make or break the project, and also can make a huge difference in how well those applications perform.10/18/2006
Safeguard plant safety
The worst thing that can happen at your plant is that an employee suffers a serious injury from a preventable accident. Follow some proven maintenance pointers to keep operations safe.01/23/2006
Process Hazard Analysis: Collar hazards with a Bow-Tie
A flexible, graphical method offers many advantages for initial process hazard analyses. Read here for a detailed explanation of the Bow-Tie method.01/23/2006
Condensate cripples compressor
Readers offer tips on how to keep a standby compressor ready for service.01/05/2006
Improve operational accuracy01/04/2006
Soft sensors win hard jobs
Virtual instruments are gaining increasing roles and capabilities for closed-loop process control.01/04/2006
Track that spill
Chemical Processing's readers offer tips about how to locate and identify a chemical spill.01/02/2006
Dont waste your boilers
Chemical Processing's readers offer tips about how to properly isolate a waste heat boiler.01/02/2006
Know when the end is near
Chemical Processing's readers offer tips about how to determine resin-reaction end point.01/02/2006
Pipe joint poses safety concerns
Readers ponder how to deal with an asbestos gasket.12/31/2005
Prevent heat-exchanger plugging
Readers suggest how to keep a solvent recovery system running smoothly.12/30/2005
Cure column hiccups12/29/2005
The importance of waste minimization
It makes good environmental, economic, and business sense.12/21/2005
Lets heat up efforts to save energy
Ample opportunities to boost efficiency certainly exist at most plants.12/21/2005
Chemistry offers attractions on many scales
Even in a depressed job market, chemists have the kudos to prove their worth.12/21/2005
Get a fix on Adjustable Speed Drive Problems
Adjustable speed drives sometimes may harm bearings and lubricants.12/18/2005
Treat precipitation reactions as reactive crystallizations
Crystallization concepts can provide crucial insights for improving precipitate filterability.12/18/2005
Maintenance diagnostics get a makeover
Plants increasingly are outsourcing these vital services, lured by larger vendors and broader capabilities.12/12/2005
Design Methods for Reflux Condensers
Reflux condensers have become increasingly important to eliminate condensable organic components from plant off-gas streams and meet environmental requirements. Recognizing this need, HTRI conducted an experimental and analytical study in the late 90s to predict flooding, as well as heat transfer and pressure drop in vertical intube reflux condensers.12/01/2005
Vaaler Award Winners
Editor in Chief Mark Rosenzweig congratulates the winners for CP's annual Vaaler awards, given to the products and services that most improve the operations and economics of plants.11/27/2005


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Finta pazza, drama.
Description: Although Sacrati's La finta pazza (1641) was immensely popular and influential, the opera has received little discussion in modern scholarship, due in large part to the absence of the music (even the number of extant copies of librettos is very small). Since Lorenzo Bianconi discovery of a score that was used for traveling productions, the opera has received increasing attention.
Date: 1644
Creator: Strozzi, Giulio, 1583-1652
Partner: UNT Music Library


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It's a design update on a common household object. The TAK Pushpin has two pins, an oversized head and a channel in the middle.
The double pins add strength and stability while preventing paper from swiveling, and the horseshoe shaped channel allows users to organize wire and hang up holiday lights. Packs of six are available for about $5.


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Regular price $19.99 Reg: $0.00 Save: $0.00
Buy Local
Find a Dealer Local inventory is different from what's available online. Please call your local dealer before making an online purchase. If we have it in stock, that means they can too!
While staying true to the original Twisted PC's style, the Twisted PRO offers a significantly larger body shape, slimmer height and more concave while still being built around a traditional loose-ball bearing configuration.
- Limited Edition Colorway
- High-strength Nylon composite
- 12 oversized pins per side
- Traditional looseball bearings
- Chromoly spindle
- High-strength plastic composite
- Wider & longer pedal body
- Larger concave area
- Slimmer profile
- 9/16″ spindle
- 104mm Width
- 98mm Length
- 14.6 oz (pair)


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The meals, the kids, the housework, the job…the only way to stay sane is to get organized. Fat chance, you say? Remember, the goal of organizing isn't to make your house pristine; it's to makeyour life more functional. So don't straighten for neatness sake—create an organized foundation for all the roles you play.
1. Assign specific living quarters to everything you own.
2. Put things where they work for you: vitamins by the juice glasses, coat hooks in the garage next to the car.
3. A small, open basket on the coffee table keeps remote controls from slipping between sofa cushions, says professional organizer Kathy Waddill, author of The Organizing Sourcebook: Nine Strategies for Simplifying Your Life.
4. Move all your CDs to a storage wallet. Say bye-bye to jewel boxes and CD stands!
5. Put wastebaskets in every room, suggests Waddill.
6. Whenever you run across anything empty, ripped, the wrong size or never used, immediately toss it in the trash or a charity box.
7. To stay on track, jot your cleaning routine on index cards and post them, says Debbie Williams, founder of organizedtimes.com.
8. Use a plastic caddy, not valuable shelf space, to store cleaning supplies for surfaces and floors. Keep it on the broom and mop closet floor (locked, if you have small children) and tote it from room to room.
9. Store sheet sets in the same room as the bed, between the mattress and box spring or tucked into an underbed box.
10. Keep a cedar chest (or a light-weight wicker basket if you have young children to avoid accidents) at the foot of your bed to hide blankets and extra pillows.
11. Tuck a whisk broom and dustpan in each bathroom for a daily dust-up.
12. Put a different color toilet paper than usual behind your stash of regular rolls. When a colored roll ends up on the spool, it's time to buy more.
13. Keep real cleaning cloths next to your cleaning products, and ditch the box of rippedunderwear you keep in the basement.
14. Just accept it: Place a tall, narrow basket for his magazines next to the toilet.
15. Give kids their own alarm clocks and post morning checklists for them. (It'll be less for you to organize.)
16. Move kids' cereal boxes, bowls and cups to an "I can reach it!" lower cabinet. Also, put juice boxes, milk and other snacks in an accessible place in the refrigerator.
17. Leave a shoe basket by the front door (or the kids' bedroom doors) to avoid those excruciatingly long searches through the house.
18. Have a two-compartment hamper in the kids' rooms so they can sort lights from darks as they undress.
19. When switching kids' summer/winter clothes, mark boxes with the date and sizes so you don't have to paw through them to know if they'll fit.
20. No room for a dresser? One or two sets of plastic or canvas hanging shelves in the closet make choosing clothes easier.
21. Leave a weatherproof, bench-style storage box outside for the kids' outdoor toys.
22. Gather all balls into a large, mesh drawstring bag.
23. Keep some toys undercover in the living room with decorative, lidded baskets.
24. Stand kids' paperback books in rectangular plastic or wicker baskets so they're easy to sift through.
25. Photograph your child's 3-D creations and save the pictures instead, says momcentral.comfounder Stacy DeBroff, author of The Mom Book.
26. Post several weekly dinner menus on the fridge and alternate among them for easier grocery shopping and meal planning.
27. Don't keep space-hogging cookbooks. Photocopy favorite recipes and slip them into plastic sheet protectors inside a binder.
28. Tape an envelope for pizza and other takeout food coupons inside the cabinet door nearest the phone.
29. Use a mini flowerpot with drip tray near the sink to stash sponges, steel wool and food scrapers.
30. A crock with a wide mouth keeps favorite stove-side utensils from tangling.
31. Put countertop flour and sugar canisters on a lower slide-out cabinet shelf. Or use a sturdybaking sheet or plastic tray as a slide-out.
32. Double cabinet space with two-tiered turntables.
33. Trade round storage containers for more efficient square and rectangular ones, says DeBroff.
34. To free up kitchen space borrow, don't buy, things you rarely use such as juicers, waffle irons,melon ballers and rolling pins. Already have them? Sell them.
35. A second freezer makes you walk farther for the ice cream.
36. Use a morning checklist; kids aren't the only ones who forget things when they're in a rush.
37. Create other essential checklists: what goes in your gym bag, what joint-custody kids need to take back and forth between houses, what to pack for trips, information for babysitters, etc. Keep them on your computer for updating and put copies in a folder near the kitchen phone.
38. Set your computer calendar's alarm for the week before dates you need to remember, from an anniversary to the day you change the furnace filter. That will give you enough time to buy what you need.
39. Organize future events with a monthly accordion file. Put birthday cards, directions to a baby shower, a note to check on furniture deliveries, even vacation brochures in the appropriate months.
40. Put a clock in every single bathroom.
41. Always have backups: a spare set of car/house keys, a second deodorant, another way to get kids to school.
42. Make a standing monthly hair appointment.
43. Designate every Friday or Saturday as date night with your husband, and book a sitter for several weekends at a time.
44. Don't assume he'll keep those Honey-Do projects in his head. Post them on the bathroom mirror.
45. Keep a wish list of intriguing activities on hand so you don't waste precious weekend time figuring out what to do.
46. File copies of important documents (birth certificates, car title, passports, proof of immunizations, insurance information, etc.) in a three-ring binder with zippered plastic pockets. If disaster strikes, you can grab it and go.
47. Add address book pages sorted by category: kids' friends, gourmet food club, tennis friends, etc., DeBroff suggests.
48. Avoid a last-minute scramble to find rental videos by leaving unwatched and just-watched movies in a bag by your door.
49. Stock your nightstand drawer with pencils, notepads, a phone book and a flashlight.
50. Corral an unwieldy bedroom reading pile with a small bookshelf next to your nightstand.
51. Allow only one outfit—tomorrow's—on the hook outside your closet door.
52. Buy a closet organizer instead of just dreaming about it.
53. Start each season by arranging clothes hangers so the hooks face out, toward the room, says Kim Cosentino, owner of the De-Clutter Box, Inc. in Westmont, Illinois. When you wear something, turn the hanger in. At the end of the season, get rid of anything that hasn't been turned.
54. Vacuum-sealed storage bags. Enough said.
55. Free up drawer space by stacking jeans, sweaters and gym clothes on closet shelves. Slip-on shelf dividers keep them from falling over.
56. Keep a stepstool in or next to your closet.
57. To free up your dresser, put plastic stacking bins with drawers inside your closet for socks,underpants and bras.
58. Bring order to scarves and belts with an "accessory ladder," a chain of shower curtain rings—one for each item—trailing down from the top of a hanger, says Donna Smallin, author of Organizing Plain and Simple. Clip purses to a second ladder.
59. Keep ponytail holders on shower curtain rings, too.
60. Hang a flat jewelry organizer with transparent pockets inside your closet door.
61. Pare down your cosmetics to fit in one portable bag.
62. Make a Just for Me pampering kit so lotions, scented candles, nail polish, etc., aren't scattered in three different rooms.
63. End key confusion with new, decorative keys: Use stars-and-stripes for the house, flowers for the garden shed, psychedelic for your office at work.
64. Removable key rings let you leave work keys at home on weekends, the car key with the valet and the house key with your pet sitter.
65. Line car-door map compartments with shallow, narrow organizing pockets to keep pens, notepads, hand lotion and lip/eye pencil from sliding around.
66. Use a clothespin to clip to your purse strap those "Can't Forget" notes: Get allergy shot. Pick up kids early. Tell mechanic about squeaking brakes.
67. To avoid "senior moments" with the dry cleaning, library books, videos or packages to mail, put outgoing items on the passenger seat, not on the kitchen counter.
68. Slide a local phone book under the front seat.
69. Pens with fuzzy animal heads are easier to find in the car.
70. Get a key chain–size Swiss Army knife with pullout pen.
71. Free up glove compartment space: Stow owner's manuals in the passenger seat's back pocket.
72. Stock glove compartment with takeout menus, napkins, nail file, car registration, tire gauge, first-aid kit and a roll of quarters.
73. Create a "just in case" box for the car trunk: umbrella, cheap rain ponchos, scissors, big black marker, tape, paper towels, plastic bags, extra kids' socks and a one-size-fits-all T-shirt, sweatshirt and pair of sweatpants for adults, another for kids.
74. Keep the charity box in your trunk, not your closet. When it's full, drop it off.
75. Keep an extra pair of glasses or contact lenses, pantyhose and other emergency gear in your desk.
76. Sort your day by activity, not project. Check the stack of phone messages only twice a day. Tackle the correspondence pile right after lunch, and head to the copy machine just once.
77. Use your datebook to keep projects on track. Block out times to tackle each bite-size segment.
78. If you don't need it every day, get it off your desk.
79. Don't just shift remaining papers around your desk. Flip the stack—oldest papers now on top—for a fresh perspective and quicker action, DeBroff suggests.
80. Tame the file frenzy with broader file names, such as one for "Employees" rather than two for "Personnel" and "Evaluations," Waddill recommends.
81. Use desktop or wall-mounted vertical file racks for an instant cleanup of your tornado-zone desk, Smallin says.
82. When you have a project with a lot of paperwork, stay organized by using a three-ring binder instead of flimsy file folders. List everyone involved and their contact information on the first page.
83. For smaller projects, write contact details on the front of the file folder.
84. Move finished project folders from your office into storage.
85. One credit card per grownup. Period.
86. Create a Receipt Depot: a folder near the door that everyone drops receipts into as they come home.
87. Bite the bullet: Computerize your finances.
88. Stick to a budget. Then you'll never have trouble covering those unexpected expenses.
89. Slip incoming bills, a pen and a thin calculator into a three-ring binder's inside pockets. Make a list of all your usual bills and expenses, and print out a fresh copy each month for your binder. Then mark the bills off monthly as you pay them. If a creditor isn't crossed off, call for a duplicate statement to avoid late fees.
90. Make sure your list includes automatic withdrawals for utilities and bills you pay online so you don't pay a bill twice or lose track of your checking account balance.
91. Ask creditors to shift your due dates to lump them all together or to split them between the two pay periods of each month.
92. Keep a Phillips and flathead screwdriver in a kitchen drawer to avoid a trek to the toolbox.
93. Affix baby food jar lids to the bottom of your workroom shelf. Sort nails, screws and bolts into the jars, and twist them onto the lids.
94. When you adjust your clocks each spring and fall, also weed out expired medicine, sunscreen, food, coupons and smoke detector batteries.
95. Hang a spray-painted Peg-Board for tools, coats, baseball caps; use wall hooks for blow dryers.
96. Store all car wash products in a bucket in the garage.
97. Keep a large, sturdy garbage can on wheels next to your car to toss candy wrappers or other trash, says Waddill.
98. Aim for easy access, not neat storage, for lawn equipment. Shift your tools the way you
shift your clothes: In the winter, put the snow shovel in front and the rake in the back.
99. Save space on rarely used equipment by coordinating a borrowing system: You'll have the fertilizer spreader, one neighbor will have the extension ladder, another will have a chainsaw, etc.
100. Install a hook above the kitchen sink where just-watered hanging plants can drip.


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Great Britain's Victoria Pendleton was denied a golden goodbye and a third Olympic title in dramatic fashion as her perennial rival Anna Meares claimed sprint gold at the London 2012 velodrome.
Pendleton's superior pace saw her cross the line first in the first bout, but she strayed from the sprinting lane under supreme pressure from the physical Meares and commissaires awarded the Australian victory.
Meares came to a near halt at the end of the first of three laps in the second race, forcing Pendleton to the front. The Australian rounded Pendleton on the outside and the Briton could not respond as Meares celebrated before the line by punching the air.
It ended hopes of a fairytale conclusion to Pendleton's sensational career and saw Meares take revenge for Beijing.
China's Guo Shuang won bronze with a 2-0 defeat of Kristina Vogel of Germany.
Meares shed her visor in celebration before joining hands with Pendleton as the 2008 champion and reigning world champion paid tribute to the victor.
Pendleton was in tears as she removed her helmet and the visor which covered her face while the crowd chanted her name.
Mechanics and support staff were also tearful as Pendleton took a bow in the back straight to acknowledge the partisan support as her stellar career came to an end.
Pendleton told BBC1: "I'm just so relieved right now. I've been a bit overwhelmed with emotion.
"I would have loved to have won on my final race but I'm just so glad that's it all done and I can move on."


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WTF: Some Zambian Wants To Kill 50 Cent!
Shot by Alec Hart, FilmZambia.Com While on location in Mtendere, Lusaka, Zambia, shooting the first feature film in the nation, the FilmZambia Crew was confronted by a Zambian who wanted them to tell 50-Cent that he was coming for him!
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