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President Obama on Tuesday spoke carefully about demonstrations in Iran, lending support to peaceful Iranian protesters but refraining from calling for the overthrow of the current Tehran regime.
It's ironic that Iran's leaders have celebrated the Egyptian revolution that brought down Hosni Mubarak, while in turn beating and tear-gassing those in their own country who want political change, said the US chief executive. In recent days, tens of thousands of Iranians inspired by events in Egypt have taken to the streets, but security forces have responded with violence, leaving dozens injured and at least one demonstrator dead.
"My hope and expectation is that we're going to continue to see the people of Iran have the courage to be able to express their yearning for greater freedoms and a more representative government, understanding that America cannot ultimately dictate what happens inside of Iran any more than it could inside of Egypt," said Mr. Obama at a White House press conference.
Should the US respond more forcefully to what's happening in Iran? Some critics say yes, arguing that the White House is fumbling an opportunity to take a clear stand in favor of uprooting Iran's theocratic government.
This timidity is a repetition of the events of 2009, when Green Revolution protests erupted in Iran but the US said little, according to Rep. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R) of Florida, the new House Foreign Affairs Committee chairwoman.
"The regime's oppression of the Iranian people has only grown since the rigged elections and suppressed demonstrations of 2009. The US made a mistake then by not voicing full and vigorous support for Iranians demanding freedom and democracy. We cannot make that mistake again," said Representative Ros-Lehtinen in a statement.
Ros-Lehtinen called on the Obama administration to use every tool at its disposal to sanction Iranian officials responsible for human rights violations. She urged the US to extend the current travel ban on top Iranian leaders down through the ranks to lower-level officials also deemed responsible for oppressing the Iranian people.
It's possible that in the long run Egypt's revolution could herald a wave of democratization throughout the Middle East, say some experts.
"It is conceivable the scenes from Tunis and Cairo could eventually serve as a rallying cry for a reenergized Green Movement in Iran," writes Stephen Grand, director, US Relations with the Islamic World, at the Brookings Institution.
The problem for Obama is that Iran is not Egypt per se. The Iranian theocracy is not an aged power structure that long ago decayed from within, leaving a shell easily toppled by the winds of change.
For the short run at least, Tehran has the will, and the power, to use force against its peaceful demonstrators. Until recent days security forces had successfully prevented Green Movement protesters from mounting large marches in commemoration of their 2009 uprising. On Monday, riot police beat protesters and fired tear gas in an attempt to tamp down the uprising before it has a chance to gain momentum.
In Egypt, the military served as an intermediary between the people and the regime, ushering President Mubarak into retirement. In Iran, the regime has its own military, the Revolutionary Guard, which will serve as the current leadership's ultimate protection.
On Tuesday, a large majority of Iran's parliament condemned Monday's mass protests and called for the execution of prominent opposition leaders Mehdi Karroubi and Mir Hossein Mousavi.
Since 2004, the US State Department has spent about $60 million on democracy promotion efforts for Iran, according to a recent Congressional Research Service report. This money has gone to some 26 organizations based in the US and Europe. State Department officials will not publicly name the groups for security reasons.
Iran asserts that such spending violates the Algiers Accords – the agreement that ended the Iranian hostage crisis and that provides for noninterference in each other's affairs. In the past, Tehran has arrested civil society activists alleged to be receiving US democracy promotion funds. Iranian officials point to the US spending as backing for their insistence that foreign influences are behind the Iranian opposition.
"Many have consistently questioned the effectiveness of such funding," concludes the CRS study. "In the view of many experts US funds would make the aid recipients less attractive to most Iranians."
But in one sense, at least, Iran is like Egypt. In Egypt, a demographic bulge of young people frustrated with the country's stagnation was a powerful force behind protests. Iran has a similar demographic bulge of youths born in the heady days after the 1979 overthrow of the Shah.
"These are the young people who were fueling the protests that we saw two years ago in Iran, and they're going to be continuing to fuel protests," said Ragui Assaad, a demographic expert and profess at the Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, in an interview on the Council of Foreign Relations website.


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Gallowbraid is a Folk/Black/Doom Metal band from the U.S.A. and they've come to be one of my favourite up and coming Metal bands.
I've only seen them mentioned here once before, and that was before they reissued their debut album "Ashen Eidolon" in 2012 with an awesome bonus track called Stone of Remembrance. Their debut album has been compared with Agalloch a lot, but this bonus track in my opinion is better than most of what Agalloch has done. Here's a link to the song if anyone's interested. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vDOl1uC7J2A
So does anyone else like Gallowbraid?
Anyone A Fan of Gallowbraid?
Discuss all things about music other than Blind Guardian here.
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Wonder Search
Wonder Search is a beautiful, visually rich and easy to brand site search service.
Make searching your site easy and efficient.
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text:
Topic: Sender address rejected user unknown in virtual mailbox table problem
==== Required information ====
- iRedMail version: 0.18
- Store mail accounts in which backend (LDAP/MySQL/PGSQL): LDAP
- Linux/BSD distribution name and version: Ubuntu 10.04.4 LTS
- Related log if you're reporting an issue:
my iRedMail server stopped to receive emails since some days.
thankfully is a limited mail server and not much people is suffering for this, but every email is rejected with this message :
550 5.1.0 <email@example.com>: Sender address rejected: User unknown in virtual mailbox table.
this is what i can see on the mail.log :
Nov 7 09:11:29 mail postfix/smtpd[1642]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from unknown[xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx]: 550 5.1.0 <email@example.com>: Sender address rejected: User unknown in virtual mailbox table; from=<firstname.lastname@example.com> to=<email@example.com> proto=SMTP helo=<hostname>
Before post this i've made many searches both on this forum and on the internet with not much luck.
Considering that i'd never made modifications to the server that could cause this behaviour can someone help me about?


text:
Frequently Asked Questions
Click on the links below to view video responses from ESF students.
- What attracted you to ESF?
- What are the advantages of studying at a small, highly focused institution?
- What is the graduate community like?
- What is it like being an international student at ESF?
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- What has been the most fun?
- What was the most difficult part of graduate school?
- What are you involved in on campus?
- Has your experience at ESF met your expectations?
Featured Students
Susana del Granado
Ph.D., ENRP
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M.S., Ecology
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Ph.D., Conservation Biology
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Ph.D., Environmental Chemistry


text:
Community You Can Believe In
Men's Club -- Walk the Reservoir
We walk around the reservoir (3.6 miles) twice per week. All are welcome to join us.
Place: Route 44 Reservoir, West Hartford. Meet at the parking lot.
Time: 9:45 AM
Cost: No charge
Info: Stu Bernstein: 860-232-2012 / firstname.lastname@example.com
March 14th, 2019 9:45 AM through 10:45 AM
3026 Albany Ave
West Hartford, CT 06117
United States
West Hartford, CT 06117
United States
Event Image for Front Page


text:
MyHeritage.com Celebrity Look-alike
November 28, 2009 by © Joan Miller - Luxegen Genealogy.
Filed under genealogy
Elton John? Really? Every Saturday night Randy Seaver challenges the online genealogy crowd to a bit of Saturday night fun. This week's fun was to go the MyHeritage.com web site and do a Celebrity Look-alikes challenge. My celebrity Look Alikes were: Morten Harket 70% Janeane Garofalo 64% Jess McCartney 64% Jane Curtin 63% Liza [...]


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Monthly Newsletters
The IRS has provided an official list of population census tracts designated as Qualified Opportunity Zones (QOZs), that now includes two additional census tracts in Puerto Rico. The chief executive o...
The IRS has published inflation adjustment factor and reference prices for determining the availability of the credit for renewable electricity production and refined coal production for calendar year...
The IRS has urged veterans who received disability severance payments after January 17, 1991, and reported it as taxable income, to file Form 1040X, Amended U.S. Individual Income Tax Return, to ...
The IRS has removed existing regulations regarding advance payments for goods and long-term contracts. These final regulations affect accrual method taxpayers who receive advance payments for goods, i...
The IRS provided additional information for taxpayers seeking guidance on the Code Sec. 965transition tax on untaxed foreign earnings. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ( P.L. 115-97) (TCJA) require...
National Taxpayer Advocate Nina E. Olson has released a special report on the earned income tax credit (EITC), with recommendations designed to increase the participation rate of eligible taxpayers an...
The California Franchise Tax Board (FTB) has updated its guidance on making income tax elections under A.B. 91. The FTB recently provided temporary guidance to taxpayers and tax professionals. The FTB...
On July 1, President Trump signed into law a sweeping, bipartisan IRS reform bill called the Taxpayer First Act ( P.L. 116-25). This legislation aims to broadly redesign the IRS for the first time in over 20 years.
On July 1, President Trump signed into law a sweeping, bipartisan IRS reform bill called the Taxpayer First Act ( P.L. 116-25). This legislation aims to broadly redesign the IRS for the first time in over 20 years.
Reworked IRS Reform Bill
The Senate approved the Taxpayer First Act by voice vote on June 13. The measure was unanimously approved in the House on June 10.
The reworked IRS reform bill, originally introduced in the last Congress, was revised in early June after the House passed a prior version in April. However, the original House-approved bill (HR 1957) was quickly doomed in the Senate because of controversy surrounding the IRS's Free File program.
The provision codifying the IRS's Free File program was removed from the original bill, and the measure was reintroduced as HR 3151. Congress then quickly sent it to the president's desk.
Taxpayer First Act Provisions
The Taxpayer First Act aims to reform the IRS into a more taxpayer-friendly agency. It requires the IRS to develop a comprehensive customer service strategy, as well as a plan to redesign the IRS's structure, modernize its technology, and enhance its cyber security.
The measure also:
- codifies and enhances an independent Office of Appeals within the IRS;
- waives the application fee for an offer in compromise (OIC) by a low-income taxpayer;
- sets new electronic filing requirements;
- clarifies information available about low-income taxpayer clinics (LITCs);
- codifies the Volunteer Income Tax Assistance (VITA) Program;
- requires notice regarding the closure of taxpayer assistance centers (TACs);
- improves the IRS whistleblower program;
- modifies the private debt collection program;
- clarifies procedures for equitable relief from joint liability;
- establishes new safeguards on seizing funds believed to be structured to avoid the $10,000 financial reporting requirement; and
- modifies procedures for the issuance of summons and notice of third-party contacts by the IRS.
Hill Reaction
"This signing is the culmination of a lengthy, bipartisan process undertaken by the [House] Ways and Means Committee to implement pro-taxpayer reforms at the IRS for the first time in more than 20 years," Senate Finance Committee (SFC) Ron Wyden, D-Ore., said in a July 1 statement. "New protections for low-income taxpayers, practical enforcement reforms, and upgraded assistance for taxpayers and small businesses will all now go into place."
Additionally, the House's top Republican tax writer issued a statement after Trump signed the IRS reform legislation. "I'm proud that after three years of thoughtful bipartisan work, our bold package of reforms to the Internal Revenue Service are the law of the land," Ways and Means ranking member Kevin Brady, R-Tex., said on July 1. "Thank you to President Trump for signing this historic legislation, which is the biggest and boldest step in over 20 years to redesign and restructure the IRS into an agency with a singular mission – quality taxpayer service."
The House has approved a bipartisan repeal of the Affordable Care Act's (ACA) so-called "Cadillac"excise tax on certain high-cost insurance plans.
The House has approved a bipartisan repeal of the Affordable Care Act's (ACA) so-called "Cadillac"excise tax on certain high-cost insurance plans.
ACA Cadillac Tax Repeal
The Middle Class Health Benefits Tax Repeal Bill (HR 748) cleared the House on the evening of July 17 by a 419-to-6 vote. The bipartisan bill would repeal the 40 percent excise tax under the ACA known as the "Cadillac tax" on certain high-cost employer-sponsored health care plans.
Congress has repeatedly delayed the ACA's "Cadillac" tax, which is currently set to go into effect in 2022. However, HR 748 would fully repeal the tax.
Although the measure has bipartisan support in the Senate, as for when it will get its legs in the upper chamber remains to be seen. Lately, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-KY., has been viewed on Capitol Hill as focusing more on moving nominations than considering tax bills.
HR 748's Large Price Tag May Signal Hope for Tax Extenders
Notably, HR 748 dodged House Democrats' "pay as you go" rules for tax legislation, thus carrying with it a large price tag with no offsets. The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office (CBO) has estimated that the bill would cost the federal government more than $196 billion over 10 years.
Senate Finance Committee (SFC) Chairman Chuck Grassley, R-Iowa, has signaled that Democrats' support for repealing the ACA's "Cadillac"tax without pay-fors may signal a newly opened door for tax extenders. Grassley has consistently expressed that he is focused on addressing the previously and soon to be expired tax breaks known as tax extenders but has been waiting for the Democratic controlled House to send such a bill, noting that tax legislation must originate in the House.
However, House Democrats' tax extenders bill, the Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Bill of 2019 (HR 3301) would offset its costs by causing the GOP tax law's increase in estate tax exemption amounts to sunset early at the beginning of 2023. Under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) ( P.L. 115-97), the estate tax provisions would expire at the start of 2026.
The bill cleared the House Ways and Means Committee last month but has not yet reached the House floor. Senate Republicans have called any proposal to repeal provisions under the TCJA a "nonstarter."
The IRS has released final regulations that clarify the employment tax treatment of partners in a partnership that owns a disregarded entity.
The IRS has released final regulations that clarify the employment tax treatment of partners in a partnership that owns a disregarded entity.
The Treasury Department and the IRS had issued the temporary regulations ( T.D. 9766) to clarify that the rule that a disregarded entity is treated as a corporation for employment tax purposes does not apply to the self-employment tax treatment of any individuals who are partners in a partnership that owns a disregarded entity. The temporary regulations continued to explicitly provide that the owner of a disregarded entity who is treated as a sole proprietor for income tax purposes is subject to self-employment taxes. A notice of proposed rulemaking ( REG-114307-15) cross-referencing T.D. 9766was published on the same day.
The final regulations adopt the proposed regulations as amended. The corresponding temporary regulations are removed.
Disregarded Entity
These regulations affect partners in a partnership that owns a disregarded entity, and contain amendments to 26 CFR part 301. Generally, under Reg. §301.7701-2(c)(2)(i) and except as otherwise provided, a business entity that has a single owner and is not a corporation under Reg. §301.7701-2(b)is disregarded as an entity separate from its owner (a disregarded entity). However, Reg. §301.7701-2(c)(2)(iv)(B) treats a disregarded entity as a corporation for purposes of employment taxes imposed under Subtitle C of the Internal Revenue Code. This exception to the treatment of disregarded entities does not apply to taxes imposed under Subtitle A of the Code, including self-employment taxes.
Effective Date
These regulations are effective on July 2, 2019.
Final regulations allow employers to voluntarily truncate employees' social security numbers (SSNs) on copies of Forms W-2, Wage and Tax Statement, furnished to employees. The truncated SSNs appear on the forms as IRS truncated taxpayer identification numbers (TTINs). The regulations also clarify and provide an example of how the truncation rules apply to Forms W-2.
Final regulations allow employers to voluntarily truncate employees' social security numbers (SSNs) on copies of Forms W-2, Wage and Tax Statement, furnished to employees. The truncated SSNs appear on the forms as IRS truncated taxpayer identification numbers (TTINs). The regulations also clarify and provide an example of how the truncation rules apply to Forms W-2.
Why Truncate?
The Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes (PATH) Act of 2015 ( P.L. 114-113) amended Code Sec. 6051(a)(2) by replacing the requirement that employers include employees' SSNs on copies of Forms W-2 furnished to employees with a requirement to use an "identifying number for the employee."Because the SSN was no longer required to appear on Forms W-2 furnished to employees, the IRS published proposed regulations in 2017 to allow employers to truncate employees' SSNs on those Forms W-2 ( REG-105004-16). The amendments were intended to aid employers' efforts to protect employees from identity theft.
The final regulations adopt the proposed regulations without substantive changes to the content of the rules.
SSN Truncation on Forms W-2
The final regulations permit employers to truncate employees' SSNs on copies of:
- Forms W-2 furnished to employees to report wages paid, employment taxes withheld, etc.;
- Forms W-2 furnished to employees to report wages paid in the form of group-term life insurance;
- Forms W-2 furnished to payees to report third-party sick pay; and
- Forms W-2c furnished to correct errors on Forms W-2.
The regulations do not apply to any other forms. Also, truncation is not mandatory; the regulations permit truncation but do not require it.
Under the general truncation rules, a TTIN cannot be used on a statement or document if a statute, regulation, other guidance published in the Internal Revenue Bulletin, form, or instructions:
- specifically requires use of an SSN, IRS individual taxpayer identification number (ITIN), IRS adoption taxpayer identification number (ATIN), or IRS employer identification number (EIN); and
- does not specifically permit truncation.
For instance, an employer cannot truncate an employee's SSN on copies of Forms W-2 filed with the Social Security Administration.
The IRS intends to incorporate the revised regulations into forms and instructions.
Effective Date; Applicability Date
The final regulations are effective on July 3, 2019, but when they apply varies. Reg. §31.6051-1, Reg. §31.6051-3, and Reg. §1.6052-2, as amended, apply for statements required to be filed and furnished under Code Sec. 6051 and Code Sec. 6052 after December 31, 2020. Reg. §31.6051-2, as amended, applies on July 3, 2019. Reg. §301.6109-4, as amended, applies to returns, statements, and other documents required to be filed or furnished after December 31, 2020.
IRS final regulations provide rules that apply when the lessor of investment tax credit property elects to pass the credit through to a lessee. If this election is made, the lessee is generally required to include the credit amount in income (50 percent of the energy investment credit). The income is included in income ratably over the shortest MACRS depreciation period that applies to the investment credit property. No basis reduction is made to the investment credit property.
IRS final regulations provide rules that apply when the lessor of investment tax credit property elects to pass the credit through to a lessee. If this election is made, the lessee is generally required to include the credit amount in income (50 percent of the energy investment credit). The income is included in income ratably over the shortest MACRS depreciation period that applies to the investment credit property. No basis reduction is made to the investment credit property.
Partners and S shareholders who receive the credit (i.e., are the ultimate credit claimants) must make income inclusions in proportion to their share of the credit.
No Basis Increase for Partners and S Shareholders
The regulations resolve a contentious issue against taxpayers. They provide that a partner's income inclusions are not treated as an item of partnership income under subchapter K. A similar rule applies to S corporations. Therefore, basis adjustment rules that would increase a partner's outside basis or S shareholder'stock basis if the income inclusion amounts were treated as items of income do not apply. The IRS says its interpretation is appropriate because the investment credit and limitations on the investment credit are determined at the partner and S shareholder level.
Coordination With Recapture Rules
If a recapture event occurs an adjustment is made to the lessee's (or ultimate claimant's) gross income to account for any difference between the amounts that were included in income and the credit that is allowed after recapture. Special rules are provided when the amount of the unrecaptured credit exceeds the income inclusions and when the income inclusions exceed the unrecaptured credit.
Election to Accelerate Income Inclusion Upon Lease Termination
The lessee (or ultimate claimant) may make an irrevocable election to include in gross income any remaining income inclusion amounts in the tax year in which a lease terminates or is otherwise disposed of. If a partner or S shareholder disposes of its partnership or S corporation interest, the partner or S shareholder may also make an irrevocable election to include remaining inclusion amounts in income in the year of disposition. These elections may only be made if the recapture period has expired and a recapture event had not occurred during the recapture period.
Effective Date
The final regulations are effective on July 17, 2019 and apply to investment credit property placed in service on or after September 19, 2016.
Effective July 17, 2019, the list of preventive care benefits that can be provided by a high deductible health plan (HDHP) without a deductible or with a deductible below the applicable minimum deductible is expanded. The list now includes certain cost effective medical care services and prescription drugs for certain chronic conditions.
Effective July 17, 2019, the list of preventive care benefits that can be provided by a high deductible health plan (HDHP) without a deductible or with a deductible below the applicable minimum deductible is expanded. The list now includes certain cost effective medical care services and prescription drugs for certain chronic conditions.
HDHPs and Health Savings Accounts
Individuals covered by an HDHP generally may establish and deduct contributions to a Health Savings Account (HSA). To qualify as an HDHP, a plan may not provide benefits for any year until the minimum deductible for that year is satisfied. However, an HDHP is not required to have a deductible for preventive care.
Current Rule for Chronic Conditions
Under the existing rule, preventive care generally does not include any service or benefit intended to treat an existing illness, injury, or condition. As a result, the cost barriers for care have resulted in some individuals diagnosed with certain chronic conditions failing to get effective and necessary care that would prevent making the chronic condition worse. Failure to address chronic conditions can lead to amputation, blindness, heart attacks, and strokes that require considerably more extensive medical intervention.
Treatments for Chronic Care as Preventive Care
The following medical care services are now classified as preventive care for someone with that chronic condition:
- angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors for individuals diagnosed with congestive heart failure, diabetes, or coronary artery disease;
- anti-resorptive therapy for individuals diagnosed with osteoporosis or osteopenia;
- blood pressure monitor for individuals diagnosed with hypertension;
- peak flow meter for individuals diagnosed with asthma;
- inhaled corticosteroids for individuals diagnosed with asthma;
- glucometer for individuals diagnosed with diabetes;
- hemoglobin A1c testing for individuals diagnosed with diabetes;
- insulin and other glucose lowering agents for individuals diagnosed with diabetes;
- retinopathy screening for individuals diagnosed with diabetes; and
- statins for individuals diagnosed with heart disease and/or diabetes.
The continuity safe harbor placed-in-service date deadlines for the investment tax energy credit (Code Sec. 48) and the renewable electricity production credit (Code Sec. 45(a)) may be tolled if a construction delay is caused by national security concerns raised by the Department of Defense (DOD).
The continuity safe harbor placed-in-service date deadlines for the investment tax energy credit (Code Sec. 48) and the renewable electricity production credit (Code Sec. 45(a)) may be tolled if a construction delay is caused by national security concerns raised by the Department of Defense (DOD).
In general, the energy credit may only be claimed if construction on a qualified facility begins before January 1, 2022. In the case of the production credit, construction must begin before January 1, 2017 (January 1, 2020 for a wind facility). Once construction begins, taxpayers are required to make continuous progress toward completion under either a continuous construction test or a continuous efforts test. These tests are deemed satisfied under the continuity safe harbor if the facility is placed in service within four calendar years after the calendar year in which construction begins.
Tolling Requirements
A construction deadline in the continuity safe harbor is tolled if all of the following requirements are satisfied:
- one or more necessary government permits or approvals for construction have been issued;
- construction has begun;
- the DOD provides written notice that the construction plan should be modified in the interest of national security;
- the plan is modified in a way that is acceptable to the DOD to mitigate the national security concerns; and
- as a result of the plan modification, new or additional permits or licenses must be obtained which will delay the placed-in-service date of the facility or energy property.
Tolling Period
The tolling period of the continuity safe harbor begins on the day the DOD provides written notice that the plan of construction requires modification to meet national security concerns.
The tolling period ends when one of the following events occurs:
- all new or additional permits or licenses are obtained;
- written confirmation is received that all of the required new or additional permits or licenses will not be issued; or
- the relevant federal or state authorities are notified in writing that the modification to the plan will no longer be pursued.
The maximum length of the tolling period is four years.
No Rulings
The IRS will not issue private letter rulings or determination letters regarding the application of the tolling provision or the beginning of construction requirement.
Modified Rulings
Notice 2013-29, 2013-1 C.B. 1085, Notice 2013-60, 2013-2 C.B. 431, Notice 2014-46, 2014-2 C.B. 520, Notice 2015-25, 2015-13 I.R.B. 814, Notice 2016-31, 2016-23 I.R.B. 1025, Notice 2017-4, 2017-4 I.R.B. 541, and Notice 2018-59, 2018-28 I.R.B. 196, are modified.
The Treasury and IRS have issued proposed regulations on provisions dealing with passive foreign investment companies (PFICs). Proposed regulations published on April 25, 2015, also have been withdrawn ( NPRM REG-108214-15).
The Treasury and IRS have issued proposed regulations on provisions dealing with passive foreign investment companies (PFICs). Proposed regulations published on April 25, 2015, also have been withdrawn ( NPRM REG-108214-15).
U.S. persons who own interests in PFICs are subject to rules that limit deferral on passive income earned by foreign corporations ( Code Sec. 1291– Code Sec. 1298). In general, a PFIC is a foreign corporation that in any given year:
- has income that is 75 percent or more passive income (income test); or
- owns, on average, assets that are 50 percent or more passive-income-producing (asset test).
The proposed regulations provide general guidance regarding PFICs, and guidance on the PFIC insurance exception. Specifically, the proposed regulations cover:
- the determination of ownership in a PFIC, and the treatment of certain income received or accrued by a foreign corporation and assets held by a foreign corporation under Code Sec. 1297;
- rules for determining whether a U.S. person that directly or indirectly holds stock in a PFIC is treated as a PFIC shareholder, and whether a foreign corporation is a PFIC; and
- whether a foreign insurance company is a qualifying insurance company (QIC) under Code Sec. 1297(f), and the amounts of income and assets that a QIC can exclude under the PFIC insurance exception.
General Guidance
The proposed regulations specify that, in applying the asset test, the period over which the average percentage is calculated is at least quarterly. However, taxpayers are allowed to use a shorter period, such as a monthly of daily measurement of asset values.
The proposed regulations address attribution of ownership under the look-through subsidiary rules of Code Sec. 1297(c) for determining PFIC status. These rules treat a foreign corporation (FC1) that owns 25 percent or more of another foreign corporation (FC2) as owning and earning a proportional amount of the other foreign corporation's income and assets. The proposed regulations allow attribution from FC2 to FC1, if FC1 has a greater than 50 percent ownership interest in FC2.
The proposed regulation also provide a partnership look-through rule for the treatment of a partnership interest owned by a foreign corporation, for purposes of determining whether the foreign corporation is a PFIC. Under the rule, the same 25 percent ownership threshold applies to partnership interests as is applied to interests in corporations.
PFIC Insurance Exception
The income of a QIC derived in the active conduct of a trade or business is not treated as passive income for purposes of determining whether a corporation is a PFIC. The QIC test is based on the ratio of the foreign insurance company's "applicable insurance liabilities" to total assets. Applicable insurance liabilities are the smallest of:
- insurance liabilities on the company's most recent applicable financial statement (AFS);
- liabilities required by local law or regulation; or
- as provided under Treasury regulations.
Current law allows a foreign corporation to use a local AFS if it does not do financial reporting based on the rigorous and widely-accepted U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) or international financial reporting standards (IFRS).
The proposed regulations provide a special rule for foreign corporations that change their method of preparing their AFS by ceasing to prepare this statement under either U.S. GAAP or IFRS without a non-federal tax business purpose for the change. The foreign corporation must continue to prepare its AFS under either U.S. GAAP or IFRS. Failing to do so will mean the foreign corporation has no applicable insurance liabilities for the QIC test.
Additionally, if an AFS is prepared under local accounting standards that do not require discounting unpaid losses and other loss reserves on an economically reasonable basis, AFS insurance liabilities must be reduced under U.S. GAAP or IFRS discounting principles.
Applicability Date
The proposed regulations are proposed to apply to tax years of U.S. persons that are shareholders in certain foreign corporations beginning on or after the date of publication of the Treasury Decision adopting these regulations as final regulations in the Federal Register.
Until the regulations are final:
- taxpayers may choose to apply the proposed regulations (other than Proposed Reg. §1.1297-4and Proposed Reg. §1.1297-5) for open tax years;
- U.S persons and shareholders in certain foreign corporations may apply Proposed Reg. §1.1297-4 and Proposed Reg. §1.1297-5, for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017; and
- taxpayers may rely on Notice 88-22, 1988-1 CB 489, providing guidance on the income and asset tests.
Written or electronic comments and requests for public hearing must be received by September 9, 2019. Send submissions to: CC:PA:LPD:PR (REG-105474-18), room 5203, Internal Revenue Service, P.O. Box 7604, Ben Franklin Station, Washington, DC 20044. Submissions may be hand-delivered Monday through Friday between the hours of 8:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. to CC:PA:LPD:PR (REG-105474-18), Courier's Desk, Internal Revenue Service, 1111 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20224, or sent electronically via the Federal eRulemaking Portal at www.regulations.gov (IRS REG-105474-18).
Proposed regulations would provide an exception to the unified plan rule for multiple employer plans (MEPs). The purpose is to reduce the risk of plan disqualification due to noncompliance by other participating employers. The regulations would apply on or after the publication date of final regulations in the Federal Register. They cannot be relied upon until then. Comments and requests for a public hearing must be received by October 1, 2019.
Proposed regulations would provide an exception to the unified plan rule for multiple employer plans (MEPs). The purpose is to reduce the risk of plan disqualification due to noncompliance by other participating employers. The regulations would apply on or after the publication date of final regulations in the Federal Register. They cannot be relied upon until then. Comments and requests for a public hearing must be received by October 1, 2019.
Multiple Employer Plans
A MEP is a single plan with adopted by multiple unrelated employers. Multiple employer plans under Code Sec. 413(c) can be structured either as:
- an open MEP where an organization with employees takes the lead by establishing the plan for its own employees, and has other unrelated employers join the plan as co-sponsors;
- a closed MEP in which a group or association of employers that meets a commonality requirement takes the lead in establishing the plan, and members are free to adopt it.
Open MEPs are often established by organizations that specialize in providing benefits for smaller employers (typically, 401(k) plans). Note that MEPs are distinct from union multiemployer plans governed by Code Sec. 413(b), but share some of the same rules.
Under the unified plan rule in the current regulations for both MEPs and multiemployer plans, a qualification or operational failure by one employer can result in a total plan failure for all participating employers. The administration is trying to change that, to encourage MEP participation.
Proposed Exception
Under the proposed regulations, an eligible defined contribution MEP would qualify for an exception to the unified plan rule. The exception turns on the ability of the MEP plan administrator under the terms of the plan to spin off the assets and account balances attributable to employees of a noncompliant participating employer into a separate plan and then termination of that plan. A spinoff could be either a spinoff initiated by the unresponsive participating employer and implemented by the plan administrator, or a spinoff-termination implemented by the plan administrator.
The exception would be available if the participating employer is responsible for a qualification failure that it is unable or unwilling to correct. It would also be available if the participating employer is nonresponsive to the plan administrator's reasonable and timely requests for information or for action.
Exception Requirements
Under the proposed exception, a defined contribution MEP would not be disqualified on account of a participating employer failure if the following conditions are satisfied:
- the MEP satisfies certain eligibility requirements, including established practices and procedures to promote compliance and a requirement to adopt relevant plan language;
- the MEP plan administrator provides notice and an opportunity for the unresponsive participating employer to take remedial action;
- the administrator implements a spinoff in the event the unresponsive participating employer fails to take appropriate remedial action; and
- the administrator complies with any information request by the IRS or a representative of the spun-off plan made in connection with an IRS examination of the spun-off plan, including an information request related to the unresponsive participating employer's participation in the MEP for years prior to the spinoff.
Participating employer failures would include known compliance failures, as well as failure to provide information to the MEP plan administrator so that the administrator can determine whether there is an actual plan or operational failure.


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Information Technology Services provides high-end research computing resources to all users at Northeastern University, including faculty, students, staff, researchers, visiting scholars and partners. These resources include centralized high performance computing (HPC) clusters and storage, visualization, software, high-level technical and scientific user support, and education and training.
- Researchers can leverage these resources for both HPC and non-HPC research computing use, development, and funding requirements.
- Departments hiring researchers are also urged to contact Information Technology Services at firstname.lastname@example.com during the hiring process to better meet the computing needs of the researcher.
- Connectivity to HPC resources is provided by Internet2, a high-speed, high-bandwidth, high-availability service dedicated to meet the individual and collaborative needs of the research community.
High Performance Computing
High Performance Computing is the aggregation of computing power to solve computationally complex problems that are too large or would take too long on a standalone or desktop computer.
The Massachusetts Green High Performance Computing Center (MGHPCC), both the facility and a consortium of business and educational institutions, supports high performance computing research with high speed, high performance research data processing using a wide range of software packages and compliers. High Performance computing at Northeastern is available to researchers in the Discovery Cluster, housed in the MGHPCC.
There are three support options:
- Shared System – The shared option allows all researchers access to the Discovery cluster and attached storage through fair-share job scheduling.
- Buy-In – The buy-in option provides computer cycles through a preferential queue commensurate with the researcher's incremental investment.
- Dedicated – The dedicated option allows for equipment purchased by the researcher to be hosted and maintained centrally by Northeastern for use only by the researcher and designees.
High-speed, high-performance research data processing accounts are available to faculty, staff and sponsored students. To request an account on the Discovery Cluster, visit the Research Computing page, and click on "Submit a Request." Next, click on "Research Computing Access Request."
If you are not a member of the Northeastern faculty, staff or student community, you can get a Sponsored Account for account login to Discovery Cluster.
For more information visit the Research Computing website.
Information about the MGHPCC is on the Massachusetts Green High Performance Computing Center website.
For assistance and information on research management, including the ePAWS system, please visit the Northeastern Office of Research Administration and Finance.
Need ITS Help?
Visit the "Get Help" page to find out when, where, and how you can attain support for all of your technology-related needs.


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ACM Awards: Chris Stapleton, Eric Church Lead Nominees
Feb 1, 2016 10:25 AM EST
Nominations are out for the Academy of Country Music Awards, with Eric Church and Chris Stapleton leading the way with five nods each. Both are nominated for Male Vocalist of the Year, along with Jason Aldean, Dierks Bentley and Brett Eldredge. Churc… Read more


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With our extensive transformation skills, our focus is on creating long-term business value. We establish customer relationships that generate business results by leveraging technology, improving processes and maximizing the human performance of a business segment.
Why Accenture
At Accenture, we focus relentlessly on measuring and managing service levels and—unlike many of our competitors—use our own management teams to stay the course. The result: a commitment to year-on-year improvements, not just one-off savings.
Accenture goes beyond the traditional focus on applications maintenance and infrastructure support to help improve your supply chain, revenue cycle, human resource and care management processes; facilitate your new business initiatives; upgrade your technical capabilities; and integrate your existing systems.
Accenture has the resources needed to help run a state-of-the-art IT organization, including more than 500 professionals with experience in packaged systems used by health organizations, and a team of more than 450 people available for custom development work.


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Download the Joshua's Limousine Service App NOW and instantly be able to book ground transportation services locally and worldwide with our easy to use interface. The Joshua's Limousine Service mobile application allows customers to create real-time reservations for chauffeured ground transportation in over 450 cities across the globe. Joshua's Limousine Service provides door-to-door pick up service 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Joshua's Limousine Service will get you to your destination safely with a professionally trained chauffeur.
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Markakis delivers walk-off hit in Nick of time
BALTIMORE -- When Orioles manager Buck Showalter called Nick Markakis into his office on Saturday night, the discussion was pretty quick. Showalter already knew what Markakis, a Gold Glove right fielder, would say about making the move to first base in the wake of Chris Davis' left oblique injury.
'What do you need?'" Showalter recounted of Markakis' response, "Or what do we need, more importantly, is what he says."View Full Game Coverage
BALTIMORE -- When Orioles manager Buck Showalter called Nick Markakis into his office on Saturday night, the discussion was pretty quick. Showalter already knew what Markakis, a Gold Glove right fielder, would say about making the move to first base in the wake of Chris Davis' left oblique injury.
'What do you need?'" Showalter recounted of Markakis' response, "Or what do we need, more importantly, is what he says."View Full Game Coverage
So, the longest-tenured active Oriole suited up for his third carer start -- first since 2011 -- with a first-base glove. And then, Markakis won the game with his bat, delivering a one-out single into left field to lift the Orioles to a 3-2 walk-off victory over the Royals in 10 innings.
It was a series-evening win that caused the home dugout to empty in glee.
And as Markakis prepared himself for the celebratory pie in the face that center fielder Adam Jones has made tradition, a different scene unfolded. Shortstop J.J. Hardy came out holding the pie like a waiter, handing Markakis a plastic utensil.
"That's Jonesy's decision," Markakis said with a grin when prompted to explain the unusual pie protocol. "He was actually nice to me today."
And for good reason.
"Nicky's just: This is what the team needs," Showalter said. "He didn't bat an eye. Some people would look for a reason not to be good at it. He looks at it as a way to make a contribution that a lot of people can't do. There's a lot of Gold Glove right fielders who would have broken out in hives if you asked them to play first base."
Things began in the 10th when the Orioles loaded the bases against Royals reliever Danny Duffy, capitalizing on the pitcher's fielding miscues in the process. For the second consecutive inning, the O's got their leadoff man on when Duffy hit Jonathan Schoop in the right hand.
Duffy, who entered the game not having allowed a run in 8 1/3 innings, gave the O's a big break in fielding David Lough's sacrifice bunt and trying to nab the lead runner. Duffy's throw to second went wide, trickling into the outfield to allow both runners to reach safely.
Jemile Weeks followed with another bunt -- and this time Duffy went to first base, but his throw was wide to put Weeks on for the third time and force Royals manager Ned Yost to bring on Louis Coleman to face Markakis.
"It's just pitchers' fielding practice, man," Duffy said. "It's a simple game and I just wasn't sharp. I just didn't do my job tonight."
The Orioles executed things much better with the small ball helping to back up a solid performance from six pitchers, starting with a stellar outing from lefty Wei-Yin Chen to allow the offense time to work.
Lefty Zach Britton picked up the win after striking out Jarrod Dyson for the final out in the top of the 10th, as he came on after closer Tommy Hunter -- on for his second inning -- gave up a two-out double.
The Orioles used three pitchers to navigate through a scoreless eighth inning. Evan Meek gave up a leadoff single to Salvador Perez and exited after Dyson's sacrifice bunt. After Brian Matusz retired pinch-hitter Mike Moustakas, Darren O'Day got Alcides Escobar to fly out in foul territory to keep the game tied.
Chen turned in a fabulous effort in one of his best starts of the year, going a season-high seven innings for his second quality start in three games. The lefty, who tied a season-high with 102 pitches thrown, scattered nine hits and struck out six.
"My slider was working real well tonight and it makes it a good combination with my fastball," Chen said through his interpreter. "[Catcher Matt] Wieters knows what's working so he called a real good game today."
Staked to a 2-0 lead before even taking the mound, Chen cruised before allowing a two-out third-inning double to Eric Hosmer. The Royals tied it on a trio of singles in the sixth, with Justin Maxwell's two-out blooper into center scoring Alex Gordon.
Chen looked to be in some trouble in the seventh after issuing a two-out walk to Hosmer and Billy Butler's single. But he held firm, striking out Gordon to rousing applause from the crowd at Camden Yards in his final frame.
The Orioles got on the board immediately against Royals starter Jeremy Guthrie, a former O's Opening Day starter, scoring two runs in the first inning. Weeks, recalled from Triple-A prior to the game, singled for the first of two hits and red-hot Nelson Cruz followed with a walk. Markakis singled to drive in a run and the O's pushed it to a two-run advantage on Jones' groundout.
"It's tough to lose a guy like [Davis]," Markakis said. "But we have depth, we have guys that can come up and fill in. And that's what guys have been doing. Jemile today for example, he led off the game, base hit to get things going. We end up scoring two runs off that.
We have confidence in our guys and in our system. To be a successful baseball team, guys are going to have to come up and fill in and help out."
Brittany Ghiroli is a reporter for MLB.com. Read her blog, Britt's Bird Watch, and follow her on Facebook and Twitter @britt_ghiroli.


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Office for National Fellowships
Duquesne University is seeking talented undergraduate and graduate students interested in applying for prestigious national scholarship and fellowship opportunities. Successful candidates are typically in their junior or senior years of study and have a cumulative GPA of 3.5 or higher. Most successful candidates for these outstanding opportunities also have a record of achievement in service, organizational leadership, or scholarly research and publication. The process of competing for these scholarships and fellowships also offers the students a great personal and professional developmental experience. If you fit this profile and would be interested in talking to Duquesne's scholarships and fellowships coordinator, please contact Christine Pollock by email at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Good luck!
Featured Scholarships include:
- The Rhodes Scholarship
- The Marshall Scholarship
- The Truman Scholarship
- The Goldwater Scholarship
- The Gates-Cambridge Scholarship
- The Fulbright Scholarship
- The Udall Scholarship
- Davies-Jackson Scholarship


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Simple Machines Blogs > SMF Team Blog
Get to know the Team: Archives
<< < (2/7) > >>
Not any more. ;)
--- Quote from: Rudolf on April 12, 2007, 06:21:26 AM ---Thantos' link goes to Tippmaster's topic. I think they are not the same person.
--- End quote ---
Yeah, you're right.
I can't actually find Thantos' topic (I'm not sure if he even did one).
Edit: Stupid slow connection... ALM got to it before I did :P
ерунда проверка
Please talk english here :)
If you want to talk in your own language then take a look at the language specific boards.
more more more :))
[0] Message Index
[#] Next page
[*] Previous pageGo to full version


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As part of the process of making the sound recordings available online, Tobar an Dualchais needs to trace all the people who were recorded to ask for permission to use their recordings.
With your help we look forward to being able to create this fantastic educational resource which will be of enormous value to researchers, schools, colleges, universities, musicians, genealogists, local history societies as well as to family members, some of whom will hear these recordings for the first time on the Tobar an Dualchais website.
Were you or members of your family ever recorded for the School of Scottish Studies Archives?
Or were you or members of your family recorded for BBC Radio nan Gàidheal's Prògram Choinnich?
Or were you or members of your family recorded by John Lorne Campbell, Fear Chanaigh?
If you feel you are able to help the Tobar an Dualchais project in any way, please send us an email using the form below.


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Thanksgiving cooking demonstration encourages preparing meals with local produce
Another version of stuffing made its debut Saturday as a new Thanksgiving side dish.
Turnip green, butternut squash and caramelized onion bread pudding was introduced by Vivian Howard, chef and owner of Chef and the Farmer, at a cooking demonstration held at the Lenoir County Farmer�s Market.
�Every Saturday before Thanksgiving we do some sides, made with things you can find at the Farmer�s Market, and we provide the recipes,� said Howard. �We want to get more people here at the market, because on this Saturday before Thanksgiving, we have a lot more produce vendors here.�
Howard made all the dishes herself � the bread pudding, a sweet potato dish and the roasted turkey. �We want to compliment what they�re (the farmers) doing and incorporate some of the fall greens. I came up with recipes by thinking of flavor combinations I wanted to incorporate.�
The onions, butternut squash and turnip greens in the bread pudding, plus the sweet potatoes for the candied yams dish are all for sale by local vendors.
So are the turkeys.
�They�re all natural pasture raised. There�re no steroids or antibiotics,� said Chelsea Sutton, owner of Nature�s Touch Farm in La Grange.
The farm raises one seasonal batch of 90 turkeys, from the second week of April to the week before Thanksgiving, and as of Saturday only seven were left. The farm raises and sells chickens and eggs year-round.
Joan Faulkner of La Grange ate her plate of samples and said the bread pudding was the tastiest.
�I come here to get the collards because they�re usually good and fresh,� said Doris Kinsey, who came from Jones County. She sampled the turkey and said she enjoyed it.
Ann Cherry of Kinston went to the market to purchase a turkey. She had just eaten lunch, so did not sample the demo meal. But she did pick up the recipes.
�Vivian always draws a huge crowd,� said Pat Jenkins, farmer�s market manager. �It just shows what you can do. She made something really delicious out of something really simple.
�It (the demo) gives a lot of people access to our vendors to buy fresh ingredients, and it�s a fun way to get the town together.�
Nancy S. Saunders can be reached at 252-559-1079 or email@example.com. Staff Writer Jessika Morgan contributed to this story.
Sage and Thyme Rubbed Turkey
1 12- to 15-pound turkey
3 tablespoons olive oil
3 tablespoons kosher salt
1/4 cup light brown sugar
2 tablespoons garlic powder
3 tablespoons rubbed sage
1 tablespoon dried thyme
1 tablespoon paprika
1 tablespoon ground black peppercorns
Rub the whole turkey with olive oil. Combine the next six ingredients. Rub the turkey. Let it sit overnight, if possible, in the refrigerator.
Bring the turkey to room temperature for about an hour before roasting. Preheat the oven to 325F. Roast the bird until the thigh registers 165F. Start checking after about 2 1/2 hours. I baste my bird with butter every 30 minutes, but that�s optional.
Candied Yams with Ginger, Bacon and Citrus
For the Candy:
1 pound bacon, diced
1 red onion, minced
1/2 cup water
1 pound dark brown sugar
1 cup maple syrup
2 teaspoons salt
1 lime, sliced super thin
1 orange, sliced super thin
1 lemon, sliced super thin
2 sticks cinnamon
1/2 teaspoon nutmeg
Pinch of chili flakes
4-inch piece of ginger, peeled and sliced super thin
1/2 cup cider vinegar
Cook bacon in a large saut� pan until crispy. Remove and reserve bacon. Add onion to saut� pan with the bacon fat. Sweat for about 5 minutes. Add the sugar, maple syrup, water, salt, lime, lemon, orange, cinnamon, nutmeg, chili flakes and ginger. Bring to a brisk simmer and cook for about 30 minutes, or until the citrus starts to turn clear. Add the vinegar. Simmer another 10 minutes. Return the bacon to the candy.
Roast sweet potatoes on 350F for about an hour or until they are just tender. Cool. Peel and slice into 2-inch rounds.
On the bottom of a casserole dish, dot butter and spoon a little candy mixture. Top with sweet potatoes in a scalloped fashion. Sprinkle the sweet potatoes with salt and dot with butter. Spoon as much candy over as you would like. Refrigerate overnight.
To bake, preheat oven to 350F. Cook covered for 15 minutes. Remove foil and bake an additional 15 to 20 minutes.
Turnip Green, Butternut Squash and Caramelized Onion Bread Pudding
4 cups stale bread (cut into 1/2-inch cubes)
1 cup caramelized onions
3 cups butternut squash (peeled and cut into 1-inch or so cubes)
2 cups turnip greens
1/2 cup parmesan cheese
1 1/2 cups grated Swiss or other white melting cheese, plus 1 cup for topping (optional)
3 cups heavy cream, steeped with 10 smashed garlic cloves and a small handful thyme
2 eggs
2 teaspoons salt
1 teaspoon black pepper
To make one cup caramelized onions, peel and thinly slice 2 onions. I slice my onions with the grain so they cook down faster. Start the onions in a medium saut� pan with a little oil or butter. Season with salt and cook over low to medium heat about an hour.
You can use turnip, hen peck or any relatively tender green. I do not believe collards will work here. In a large saut� pan, melt a little butter and add the greens whole. Season with salt and wilt briefly. Remove from the pan and try to press out as much liquid as you can. Give the leaves and stems a rough chop. You will need close to 2 cups cooked, so I would start with about 6 cups.
Combine the cream, thyme and garlic in a small to medium saucepan. Bring up to a simmer, being careful it doesn�t boil over. Simmer on low about 15 minutes.
In a large bowl, combine the slightly cooled steeped cream (you do not have to remove the garlic, but do discard the thyme), the eggs, salt and pepper. Whisk.
In a larger bowl, combine the bread, onions, squash, greens, cheese and cream mix. Combine and spoon into a large buttered casserole dish. Bake at 375F for 20 minutes. Top with remaining cheese and bake an additional 15 minutes. Allow to cool 10 minutes.
Farmer�s Market Hours
The Lenoir County Farmer�s Market will be open all day today, with produce and baked goods available, 100 Herritage St.


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Laws have been introduced that allow additional account and payment history information to be recorded on your personal credit report. Understand what this important change means and what new information credit providers can access.
need to know: credit law changes
what is a credit report?why should I check mine?
Credit is everywhere. It's used when you apply for mobile phone contracts, credit cards, loans, and much more. A credit report shows how well you manage your finances, and it's assessed when you apply for new credit.
You can avoid trouble with future credit applications by making sure your details are accurate, and by addressing any negative information on your report.


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Let's Play XCOM 2 – Long War 2 – EPISODE 51: Operation Mauve Womb has us tasked with capturing or killing an enemy VIP that's been helping the Aliens.
Long War 2 – XCOM 2 Playlist: www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLsBoF66x4ZmB1tB4K0OscTjpNi1tM33ry
To get into the game, you'll either need to claim a soldier as they come in and are promoted, or submit one to be in the game. Instructions for that can be found here:
The MOD LIST for this series is also linked within that webpage above.
Support HotTips! on Patreon: patreon.com/HotTips
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Like HotTips: facebook.com/HotTips
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Gain access to the HotTips! Community Discord channel, where you can chat with other people in the HotTips! community about… well… anything you want. Check it out! It's free: discord.gg/FcEVHKq
XCOM 2 is the sequel to XCOM: Enemy Unknown, the 2012 award-winning strategy game of the year.
Earth has changed. Twenty years have passed since world leaders offered an unconditional surrender to alien forces. XCOM, the planet's last line of defense, was left decimated and scattered. Now, in XCOM 2, the aliens rule Earth, building shining cities that promise a brilliant future for humanity on the surface, while concealing a sinister agenda and eliminating all who dissent from their new order.
Only those who live at the edges of the world have a margin of freedom. Here, a force gathers once again to stand up for humanity. Always on the run, and facing impossible odds, the remnant XCOM forces must find a way to ignite a global resistance, and eliminate the alien threat once and for all.
New Episodes will be posted here when they are edited and available, and may take different forms and pace as time goes on. A link to a full post covering the episode will be linked as the first thing in this description if available.
SAVE MONEY ON XCOM 2 by buying it on Kinguin. I'll receive a commission on this link, and you receive the full game for way less! www.kinguin.net/category/24240/xcom-2-steam-cd-key/?r=11604
STEAM Store Link: store.steampowered.com/app/268500/
XCOM website: xcom.com
I hope you enjoy this series. I intend to play it for as long as there is interest in it. It is easily one of the best (and most difficult) turn-based strategy games of all time. It's really fun to play this.
MB: ASUS X99-Deluxe/3.1 amzn.to/2goCN7x
CPU: Intel i7-5930K OC @4.2ghz amzn.to/2gVhifX
Cooler: Corsair H100i GTX Liquid Cooler amzn.to/2h1Yn1T
RAM: 32GB G.Skill Ripjaws V series DDR4 amzn.to/2gUXuf3
Video Card: Asus Geforce GTX 1080 STRIX-Gaming (8GB) amzn.to/2h21F4Z
PSU: Corsair 1000W 80+ Platinum amzn.to/2h20VNt
Storage: 2X Sandisk SSDs = 1.3TB total amzn.to/2gCItOk
This gaming footage contains commentary for educational purposes.
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Ophthalmology addresses the physiology, anatomy and diseases of the eyes. Pediatric ophthalmology focuses on the eyes of children. Pediatric ophthalmologists examine children's eyes to see if they need corrective lenses or other treatments to improve their vision. Training for Pediatric Ophthalmologists PediatricRead more
Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine that focuses on the study, diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases and disorders. An ophthalmologist has either a Doctor of Medicine degree or a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine degree, with specialty training in vision and eye care. In addition to performing eye exams, diagnosing and treating eye disease and prescribing medications and prescription lenses, ophthalmologists also perform eye surgery, including LASIK and cataract surgery.
In the following pages, you will find information about ophthalmology, including: common visual problems; vision disorders; eye diseases; nonsurgical and surgical treatment options; and best practices to protect or improve your eye health.
If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact our office for more information.
Pediatric Ophthlamology
Category: What is Ophthalmology


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Ada Starfield: an online graphic novel about a girl healing herself
an essay on Cormac McCarthy's The Road
later comics is a series of snapshots looking at a post-apocalyptic future
Ada Starfield is a graphic novel about a girl who wants to be a healer but first she must heal herself.
this website is powered by WordPress with ComicPress.
Subscribe: RSS
later, comics is © 2008 - 2012 by darcie frederick


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100 yrs ago- December 23, 1909- Alfred Higgins retires and John Robinson is appointed. December 23, 1909- An elderly female, Mrs. Lizzie Kenny, is overcome by smoke and rescued from her burning second floor apartment at 31 Burnside Avenue. Sadly, her injuries proved fatal. 75 yrs ago- December 12, 1934- Two Alarms are sounded for a fire in Loews Theatre located at 50 Day Street. Fire above the projection booth spread into the attic of the former church. December 22, 1934- A Second Alarm is sounded for a fire in the Hill Building at 299 Somerville Avenue. Fire in a second floor club spread to the 3rd floor of the four story brick building. December 27, 1934- Two Alarms are struck for a fire at 242 Elm Street. Fire in the basement of Cole's Drug Store spread to the first floor. 50 yrs ago- December 12, 1959- A Second Alarm damages a dwelling at 11 Radcliffe Road. Fire in the cellar spread to the roof. 25 yrs ago- December 8, 1984- Ff Gerald Walsh retires. December 10, 1984- A Working Fire at Dapper Dan's in the Assembly Sq. Mall spreads from the kitchen to the roof. December 28, 1984- Two Alarms are sounded for a fire at 1 Ossipee Rd. A second floor kitchen fire spreads to the attic.
NOVEMBER 2009 100 yrs ago - November 11, 1909- William F. Brady, Frederick Kimball and Charles McNamara are appointed. 75 yrs ago- November 1, 1934- Leon N. Arbeene, Albert Harmon and Bernard King are appointed. November 13, 1934- Two males are rescued over ladder from the 2nd floor of 14 Wilton Street. The 1st floor was heavily involved. 50 yrs ago- November 2, 1959- Two Alarms are struck for a fire at the Handy Card Co. located at 170-174 School Street. A cellar fire spread to the roof. November 20, 1959- John Brosnahan is promoted to District Chief. 25 yrs ago- November 5, 1984- A Working fire damages a vacant building at 30 Holland Street. The arson fire spread from the cellar to a rear hallway. November 24, 1984- Two Alarms are struck for an arson fire in a vacant building at 38 Holland Street. Fire on the first floor spread to the second. OCTOBER 2009
125 yrs ago - October 22, 1884- Frank Langer is appointed. October 22, 1884 - The Lincoln School is destroyed by fire. The two story, four room school was located at 1194 Broadway. A defective flue was the suspected cause. 75 yrs ago - October 4, 1934 - Roswell Hill is appointed. 50 yrs ago- October 11, 1959- Captain William Mahoney (E4) retires. 25 yrs ago- October 14, 1984 - Kevin Kelleher is appointed to Captain. October 26, 1984 - Two Alarms are sounded for a fire on the third floor of 35-37 Sydney St. Two elderly occupants were assisted out through heavy smoke by Ff/Aide Joe Mammola. October 28, 1984- James King, Dennis Murphy and Peter St. Clair are promoted to Lieutenant. September 2009 125 years ago - September 22, 1884: Box 228 is sounded at 1245 hrs for a fire at the Middlesex Bleachery and Dye Works on Somerville Avenue. The fire, which started in the two story dye house, engulfed several buildings inside the complex. A Second Alarm was sounded. This was the second fire to strike the company this year, the last fire being in March. Flying brands, carried by a breeze, ignited a barn on the corner of Summer and Central Streets and also a dwelling at Somerville Avenue and Laurel Street. Large embers were seen falling as far as Winter Hill. Firefighter William H. Bonner reported the theft of $20 from a coat pocket which he had left on the hose carriage while fighting the blaze------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 75 yrs ago - September 1, 1934: A 65 year old male suffers severe burns to his face, arms and hands in the basement of 110-112 Hancock Street. The occupant was boiling asphalt on a stove in order to fix a leaking roof when it violently boiled over burning him and igniting a blaze in the cellar. September 27, 1934 - John P. Bowe is appointed. September 28, 1934 - Two Alarms are sounded at 145 a.m. for a fire at 67 Adams Street caused by careless smoking. The fire began in a 1st floor living room and spread throughout the apartment. One occupant dove through a window to escape the fire and severely cut their leg. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------50 yrs ago - September 17, 1959: Three Alarms are sounded for the Adams Coal Company located at 283 Beacon Street. The fire engulfed two large coal hoppers and spread to an adjacent two story brick building. Nine other buildings on Beacon Street and Kent Court were damaged as well. September 28, 1959: retired Firefighter John F. McKenzie passes away. September 30, 1959: active Firefighter Samuel Burns of Engine 4 passes away.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25 yrs ago- September 7, 1984: retired Firefighter Clarence W. Doherty passes away. September 10, 1984- an arson fire in a second floor bedroom at 5 Cameron Avenue results in the escape of five female juveniles from this group home. Two of the girls had previously escaped from a home in Brockton under the same circumstances.
August 2009
125 years ago - August 4, 1884: A six year old girl is fatally burned in the area of Wallace Street. Her clothing was ignited while playing too close to a burning hay pile. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------100 years ago - August 27, 1909: Two occupants of 1-3 Beacon Street are injured during an arson fire which started in the basement of the three story tenement. The fire spread up a kerosene soaked stairway. Firefighters assisted an invalid out and another occupant was carried out by his roommate.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------75 years ago- August 16, 1934: A bomb explosion destroys a barber shop at 26A Mystic Avenue. The owner of the shop had recently been threatened when he refused to join a "barbers association" which would have regulated the prices he could charge. His shop may have been targeted after he recently lowered his prices to 25 cents for a haircut and 15 cents for a shave. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25 years ago - August 6, 1984: Ff Lawrence McAnneny retires.August 7, 1984 - A Working fire at 16 Concord Avenue heavily involves the second floor of an occupied dwelling. An 18 year old male occupant suffered smoke inhalation and burns. August 17, 1984 - retired Ff John Carney passes away.August 19, 1984- Ff Peter Griffin retires.August 21, 1984- Ff Richard MacKenzie retires.August 25, 1984- A Working Fire on the third floor of 16 Cross Street East results in burns and smoke inhalation to a 56 year old male occupant. July 2009
125 years ago - July 4, 1884 : Box 48 is sounded at 1 p.m. for a fire at 16 Newbury Street. A $1200 loss resulted to the blacksmith shop of J.W. Averill. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------100 years ago - July 1, 1909: 11 horses are rescued by firefighters and onlokkers from a burning stable in the rear of 30 Bond Street. Fire damage was estimated at $2000. July 5, 1909: While being given a tour of the Union Square fire station, a female from Wakefield falls down a pole hole to the floor below. She suffered a fractured shoulder, three fractured ribs and numerous bruises. July 8, 1909: Charles Fowler is appointed.July 29, 1909: Fire destroys the B&M Roundhouse including five locomotives inside. Box 113 was sounded at 0412 hrs. Lines of hose had to be stretched over 1000 feet over tracks and through lines of freight cars. Later that morning, a Second Alarm is sounded for a fire involving a stable at 107 Cross Street. Box 14 was pulled at 0900 hrs. Flames spread to an adjacent barn. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------75 years ago- July 1, 1934: Firefighters rescue an unconscious female from her burning apartment on the first floor of 17 South Street. July 12, 1934 - Clarence Doherty, Clarence Marchant, Arthur Nugent and Charles Sliney are appointed.July 17, 1934- Lt. Charles Spike and Ff John Dowd retire. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25 years ago - July 10, 1984: retired Ff Bernard "Barney" King passes away.July 28, 1984 - A Second Alarm heavily damages the occupied dwelling at 129 Sycamore Street. Heavy fire on the second floor spread to the third floor and roof.
June 2009
125 yrs ago -June 13, 1884- Box 27 is sounded around 8 p.m. for a fire in the basement of the Advent Church at 73 Bow Street. An arsonist set fire to a pile of wood under a set of stairs resulting in heavy smoke throughout the church.June 18, 1884 - one horse is killed during a fire involving a stable in the rear of 201 Washington Street.June 20, 1884 - Box 12 is sounded at 330 pm for a serious fire at the Walker Oil Works located at 86 Somerville Avenue. A Second Alarm was sounded and help was requested from Cambridge, Boston, Medford and Malden. A four story building containing hundreds of barrels of oil was destroyed and spread to an adjacent storehouse and an empty, large oil tank. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------100 yrs ago -June 25, 1909 - After a hearing before the Board of Aldermen, Call Firefighter Melvin Underwood is removed from the fire department. He was charged with assaulting a fellow member of the department, neglect of duty for not answering alarms and intoxication several times in the past three years.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------75 yrs ago -June 18, 1934 - A Second Alarm blaze heavily damages a dwelling at 10A Boston Street. The suspicious fire started on the front porch and nearly trapped an elderly occupant inside. A Somerville Police Seargeant who discovered the blaze fired three warning shots from his revolver to warn the occupant of the fire!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------50 yrs ago -June 18, 1959 - A Second Alarm blaze at 47 Webster Avenue heavily damages the main garage of the Anthony Iron Works. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25 yrs ago -June 1, 1984- Provisional District Chief Joseph Moccia retires.June 6, 1984 - A Two Alarm blaze heavily damages the Yellow Cab Co. garage located a 30 Marshall Street. A welder accidentally ignited gasoline and fire spread throughout the two story building.June 9, 1984 - Two occupants are rescued from the third floor of 23 Dell Street over Ladder Two's aerial during a Second Alarm. Lt. Herbie Bennett along with Ff's Steve Longo and Bob Trahan made the rescues. June 16, 1984 - Louis Ferretti of Ladder Two retires. June 17, 1984 - Two occupants suffer smoke inhalation and burns during a Second Alarm at 307 Medford Street. Heavy fire spread from the first floor throughout the occupied three story brick apartments.June 23, 1984 - A Third Alarm fire spreads throughout an occupied 2 1/2 story dwelling at 12 Harvard Street. Later the same day, 5 Alarms are sounded for a fire at 7 Elm Street. Rear porches were fully involved and spread into all three floors of the occupied building. The fire spread to several adjacent exposures and involved a total of six buildings.June 30, 1984- Three Alarms are sounded for a smoky fire involving tire storage inside a vacant building at 438 Washington Street known as the Kirkland Garage.
May 2009
125 yrs ago - May 11, 1884: An arson fire involving old timber and debris blackens the interior walls of the old Powderhouse. Engine 4 extinguished the fire on a still alarm. May 14, 1884: Ff E.J. Brown is injured while attempting to board Ladder 1 as it responded down Somerville Avenue to a chimney fire on Garden Court. He missed his hold and was thrown to the street. He was then struck by the rear wheel and badly bruised on the face and nose. His chest barely missed being struck by the wheel. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------100 years ago- May15, 1909: A female occupant of 301Beacon Street receives facial burns after an oil stove explodes. The fire causes damage of $100. May 27, 1909: Ff Patrick Fallon retires and George F. Patten and William Warner are appointed. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------75 years ago- May 5, 1934: A Second Alarm destroys a building at 25 Water Street occupied by the Standard Charcoal Co. and Barker Steel. Strong winds created a serious flying brand hazard and flames spread to six outbuildings on the property. Cambridge also struck 2 alarms for the fire. Six firefighters were overcome by carbon monoxide while overhauling the smoldering charcoal. They were Lt. Edward Murray, Charles Donovan and Charles Dolan of Engine 3 and Lt. William Larsen, Edward J. Lynch and Joseph Gearaughty of Ladder 1. May 11, 1934- Ff Jeremiah J. Sullivan retires.May 30, 1934- Ff Edgar Blamy of Engine 2 is knocked unconscious by an out of control hoseline during a fire at 54 Derby Street. The fire involved a stable and shed. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------50 Years ago- May 17, 1959: Firefighters are called to extinguish a small fire involving a pile of books inside a pet store at 400 Highland Avenue. The books were ignited after they were knocked off a shelf by a caged monkey and then landed atop a floor furnace. Also on this date Ff Patrick Loan retires. He was the father of Lt. Paul, and firefighters Bob and John Loan. May 31, 1959: Edward Callan, Patrick Connolly, James Donohue, William Duffy, Irving Peterson, Leo reardon and Chester Timmons are promoted to Lt. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25 years ago- May 1, 1984: A Working Fire heavily damages an auto body shop at 68 Webster Avenue. The roof collapsed and eight vehicles were destroyed and eleven others damaged. April 2009
125 years ago : April 20, 1884 - Box 25 is sounded at 0330 hours for a fire involving the C.H. Dimond Fancy Goods store located at 18 Union Square. The fire, which involved a 1 1/2 story building resulted in a loss of $1300. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------100 years ago : April 3, 1909 - Firefighter George R. Dale of Engine Six is killed after being thrown from his wagon seat on Broadway near Russell Road while exercising the fire horses. Firefighter Dale was 38 years old and left behind a wife and four young children.
April 17, 1909 - Box 219 is sounded at 1900 hours for a stable fire in the rear of 73 Oak Street occupied by a charcoal dealer. The occupant, while trying to give his horse some medicine, was kicked causing him to drop his lantern. He was knocked to the floor and dropped his lantern igniting a fire. Suffering a broken arm and leg, he was rescued from the burning stable by his wife who heard his yells for help. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------75 years ago : April 12, 1934 - three children are rescued by neighbors from a fire at 69 Elm Street which was caused by spontaneous combustion.
April 14, 1934 - Firefighter John P.M. Smith retires. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------50 years ago : April 1, 1959 - a five year old boy is fatally burned in the basement of 131 Josephine Avenue while playing with matches.
April 8, 1959 - firefighters searching the burning 1st floor apartment at 6-8 Dickinson Street find the body of a 55 year old male dead in the kitchen. The fire fully engulfed the livingroom and was the result of careless smoking. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25 years ago : April 5, 1984 - retired Firefighter Frederick H. Murphy passes away.
April 23, 1984 - Firefighters Michael Bennett, John Craghead, Robert Connelly, Charles Houghton, Elliot Kerner, Frederick Popken, Francis Sharpe and Martin Trahan are appointed. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
March 2009
125 yrs ago - March 3, 1884 Fire breaks out in a two story wooden building known as the "drying house" at the Middlesex Bleachery located on Somerville Avenue. The entire building was destroyed with a loss of $20,000 to the building and its contents. An adjacent stable and building were saved. (The Middlesex Bleachery occupied land now the site of Conway Park). March 12, 1884 - The explosion of a kerosene can in a house on Poplar Street results in a woman badly burned. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------100 yrs ago - March 4, 1909 - A bedroom fire at 121 Morrison Avenue at approximately 0330 hrs claims the life of 36 year old Gertrude Folan. An overturned kerosene lamp on a bedside table is the suspected cause. March 29, 1909 - A female housekeeper at 316 Beacon Street suffers severe burns to the neck and shoulders after a kerosene can explodes. She had carelessly used the kerosene to revive a fire inside a stove. The fire was quickly extinguished with a loss of $100.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------75 yrs ago - March 26, 1934 - A fire at the city incinerator located at 275 Cedar Street results in dense smoke from burning bales of rubbish and paper inside the two story, brick building. Firefighter Joseph Campbell of Engine 7 suffers a severe cut to his head during the blaze. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------50 yrs ago - March 7, 1959 - A Third Alarm fire originates in the rear of the Family Wine Store at 78 Broadway. Flames spread up the rear exterior and into all floors of the three story building. The fire quickly engulfs the house at 5 Hathorn Street and causes damage to exposures at 68, 74, and 80-82 Broadway. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25 years ago - March 3, 1984 - Firefighter Barney McGahan rescues a female occupant of 11 Putnam Street from a third floor window over Ladder Two's aerial during a Second Alarm. The fire which fully involved a 1st floor bedroom and kitchen spread to the second floor of the three story dwelling. March 4, 1984 - Captain John Gallagher, Lt. Al Gournaris and Firefighters John Coffey and Bruce McKenzie are pensioned.
February 2009
100 Yrs ago- February 11, 1909 : An explosion inside a two story cabinet factory at 8 Adelaide Road results in an alarm from Box 46. The explosion blew out one entire side of the building and was the result of varnish fumes being ignited by a gas engine in use on the first floor. Four employees working inside at the time were injured suffering bruises and one received burns to the face and head. The easterly end of the building was gutted from the ensuing fire. February 24, 1909: Andrew Kearins, age 28, of 324 Lowell Street is arrested following a foot chase by the Somerville Police just after midnight. He is charged with an attempted arson at 321 Lowell Street and is a suspect in numerous other fires in the vicinity during the past year. -----------------------------------------75 yrs ago - February 14, 1934: A fire in the basement of the wooden apartment building at 18 Sanborn Avenue spreads into the first floor. Deputy Chief Horace Hutchins struck a Second Alarm upon his arrival. Mrs. Frank Dolliver and her two daughters, Katherine and Louise are rescued over ladder from the third floor by Ladder Four's crew. After frantic pleas from the girls, their dog is taken down over ladder as well. Captain Frank Rametti and Firefighters Hector Doucet, Paul Willwerth, John Walsh and Harry Dearborn made the saves. --------------------------------------- 50 yrs ago - February 6, 1959: Box 217 is struck at 0404 hrs followed by a Second Alarm at 0408 hrs for a fire involving a third floor apartment at 37 Summer Street. Firefighters David Clough and Attilio Re of Ladder One rescue an adult male over ladder from a third floor window. Tragically, Jeannette Hennessey, age 10, and her brothers Daniel, age 9 and Lawrence, age 6 are found dead inside the apartment by firefighters. Their mother suffered smoke inhalation. February 8, 1959: Firefighter Lincoln Moore retires.---------------------------------------- 25 yrs ago - February 27, 1984: Box 445 is struck for a Working Fire at 38 Meacham Road claims the life of a 71 year old female. Lt. Dan Matthews, Lt. Ronnie Lennon and Firefighter Skip Mullane found and removed the victim from her burning 1st floor bedroom. Tragically, she died from severe burns later that evening. February 1, 1984: Firefighter Joseph DelPonte retires.
January 2009
125 YEARS AGO - January 12, 1884: A fourteen year old girl is taken into custody suspected of lighting a fire in a pile of old mattresses in the basement of the Forster School. The fire was confined to the basement room of origin.
100 YEARS AGO - January 26, 1909: An arsonist ignites a fire at the Boston Elevated Railway car barn on Washington Street (site of the current police station) in the early a.m. hours. A police officer discovered the blaze which was started by someone stuffing burning papers into a mail slot of an office door. The fire was extinguishing with a chemical line. Three weeks earlier, an attempt was made using rags soaked with kerosene.
75 YEARS AGO - January 27, 1934: Three occupants are rescued from the roof of 14 Edgar Avenue in the early a.m.. Ladder Two's crew made the rescues over ladders. The fire gutted the third floor of the occupied, 5 apartment dwelling. One of those rescued suffered burns and smoke inhalation. Making the rescues were Lt. Charles Cruise and Firefighters George Drew, John Gordon, Frank O'Leary and Michael McKenna. Firefighter George Drew was the father of former Somerville Firefighter Donald Drew. Firefighter Frank O'Leary was the grandfather of former Deputy Chiefs John and Robert Gover and the great grandfather of current Fire Lieutenant Girard Gover.
50 YEARS AGO - January 2, 1959: Fire damages the front office of Rigazzio Bros. at 169 Beacon Street. Fire spread into a wall and up to the roof of the one story building.
25 YEARS AGO - January 14, 1984: Box 435 is struck at 0053 hrs for a fire involving a third floor bedroom at 108 Bristol Road. A mother and infant are rescued from the roof of the three story, brick apartment building over Ladder Three's aerial by Firefighter Dick Tierney.


text:
- Newsletter
- Bacteria Linked to Gastric Cancer
Bacteria Linked to Gastric Cancer
In an analysis of the results of interventions to eradicate the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (a risk factor for gastric cancer) in seven diverse community populations in Latin America, researchers found that geographic site, demographic factors, adherence to initial therapy and infection recurrence may be as important as the choice of antibiotic regimen in H pylori eradication interventions, according to a study appearing in the February 13 issue of JAMA.
"Gastric adenocarcinoma is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Although gastric cancer rates are declining in some areas, the number of deaths is expected to increase over the coming decades due to growing and aging populations in high-incidence regions such as Latin America and eastern Asia.
Helicobacter pylori infects more than half of the world's adult population, and chronic infection with this bacterium is the dominant risk factor for gastric cancer, accounting for an estimated two-thirds of all cases globally," according to background information in the article.
"The feasibility of large-scale programs is uncertain and success in specific populations will depend on the efficacy of the antibiotic regimen used and the risk of recurrent infection following eradication."
Douglas R. Morgan, M.D., M.P.H., of Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn., and colleagues estimated risk of H pylori recurrence and assessed factors associated with successful eradication 1 year after treatment with one of three regimens.
The study included 1,463 participants, 21 to 65 years of age from 7 Latin American communities, who were treated for H pylori and observed between September 2009 and July 2011. Potential participants were selected using a census of households (Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua), a large public clinic registry (Chile), or household recruitment (Honduras and 2 sites in Mexico).
Participants were randomized to 1 of 3 treatment groups: 14-day lansoprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin (triple therapy); 5-day lansoprazole and amoxicillin followed by 5-day lansoprazole, clarithromycin, and metronidazole (sequential); or 5-day lansoprazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and metronidazole (concomitant).
Of the 1,133 participants who were urea breath test (UBT; a diagnostic procedure used to identify the presence of H pylori) negative following initial treatment, 1,091 had a 1-year UBT result, of whom 125 had become UBT positive, a recurrence risk of 11.5 percent.
The recurrence risk ranged from 6.8 percent in Costa Rica to 18.1 percent in Colombia. The researchers found that recurrence at 1 year was significantly associated with study site, number of children in the household, and nonadherence to therapy, but not with treatment assignment.
In the primary analysis of treatment effectiveness based on the 1,340 participants with definitive 1-year UBT results, the estimated 1-year eradication success rate was 80.4 percent for triple therapy, 79.8 percent for sequential therapy, and 77.8 percent for concomitant therapy. Overall effectiveness was 79.3 percent.
"In a single-treatment course analysis that ignored the effects of re-treatment, the percentage of UBT-negative results at 1 year was 72.4 percent and was significantly associated with study site, adherence to initial therapy, male sex, and age. One-year effectiveness among all 1,463 enrolled participants, considering all missing UBT results as positive, was 72.7 percent," the authors write.
"In our current study, adherence, study site, sex, and age were significantly associated with the probability of a successful 1-year outcome. From the public health perspective, a 'one size fits all' intervention strategy may not be optimal."
"Ongoing research initiatives are needed, given the expected increase in the gastric cancer burden in Latin America over the next 2 decades, evidence that H pylori infection is the dominant risk factor, and evidence that eradication reduces gastric cancer risk," the researchers conclude.
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Kiss and Make-Up
Kiss fans will love Gene Simmons' biography. He is a fascinating creature with an equally fascinating story to tell. Not just another bio where the author is satisfying his sense of gratification, Gene Simmons is honest & forthright.He tells of his personal plight as a Jewish immigrant & how he rose above humble beginnings to become one of the biggest rock starts. What I especially enjoyed was Gene's entrepreneurial insight & his genius to achieve great ...