text:
|U.S. Visas
|Visa Overview and Options
|Immigrant Visas
|Family-Based Immigrant Visas
|Employment-Based Immigrant Visas
|Investment-Based Immigrant Visa
|Asylum-Based Permanent Residency
|Cuban-Based Permanent Residency
|Non-Immigrant Visas
|Non-Immigrant Visa Chart
|Investor Center
|Investor Visa Options
Family-Based Immigrant Visas
Immigrating to the United States to live here permanently is an important decision and a once in a lifetime opportunity.
U.S. citizens and legal permanent residents (green card holders) can sponsor family members for permanent resident status. A Lawful Permanent Resident is a foreign national who has been granted the privilege of permanently living and working in the United States.
The conditions for sponsorship by U.S. citizens and permanent residents are significantly different, as you may see from the information provided.
If you want to become a lawful permanent resident based on the fact that you have a relative who is a citizen of the United States, or a relative who is a lawful permanent resident, you must meet the eligibility requirements and go through a multi-step process.
There are also visas available to fiancé(e)s and spouses of U.S. citizens which enable them to come to the U.S. before applying for permanent resident status. Please check links to k1 and K3 visas to examine these options.
Our Services Include:
- Full Review of your personal circumstances
- Identification of the appropriate visa options
- Checklist of documents required for your visa
- Accurate preparation of your application/petition
- Preparation of a Memorandum of Law or letter in support of your visa application/petition
- Submission of your visa application or petition to the appropriate government agency
- Careful co-ordination of all correspondence with the government agencies
To schedule a consultation for case specific advice, please call us at 253-838-5444 during our regular office hours, Monday to Friday 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. and Saturday 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. PST, or request a consultation by e-mail using the link below.
Our goal is to be just as convenient to work with whether we are located next door or around the world.
In order for a relative to sponsor you to immigrate to the United States, they must meet the following criteria:
- They must be a citizen or lawful permanent resident of the U.S. and be able to provide documentation proving that status.
- They must prove that they can support you at 125% of the mandated poverty line, by filling out an Affidavit of Support.
The relatives who may be sponsored as an immigrant vary depending on whether the sponsor is a U.S. Citizen or a lawful permanent resident.
- Husband, wife or Parent, if the sponsor is at least 21 years old
- Unmarried child under 21 years of age
- Unmarried son or daughter over 21
- Married son or daughter of any age
- Brother or sister, if the sponsor is at least 21 years old.
- Husband or wife, or
- Unmarried son or daughter of any age.
If the sponsor is a U.S. Citizen, they may petition for the following foreign national relatives to immigrate to the U.S:
If the sponsor is a lawful permanent resident, they may petition for the following foreign national relatives to immigrate to the U.S.:
The Process
Applying for a permanent visa through a family member is actually a 2-step process.
- The United States Citizenship and Immigration Service (USCIS) must
approve an immigrant visa petition filed by your relative (sponsor).
- The Department of State must determine if an immigrant visa number
is immediately available to you, even if you are already in the
United States. When an immigrant visa number is available, it means
you can apply to have one of the immigrant visa numbers assigned to
If you are already in the United States, you may apply to change your
status to that of a lawful permanent resident after a visa number
becomes available to you. If you are outside the United States when an
immigrant visa number becomes available, you must then go to the U.S.
consulate serving the area in which you reside to complete your visa
The amount of time you will wait between the two steps depends on your visa category. As an immediate relative, you only have to wait the amount of time it takes the Citizenship and Immigration Service (USCIS) to process your petition. All other categories, however, must wait longer. Those in the first preference category have the shortest wait, approximately 1 to 2 years from the time of filing the petition. Those in the fourth preference category have the longest wait, approximately 11 to 12 years from the time of their filing.
To schedule a consultation for case specific advice, please call us at 253-838-5444 during our regular office hours, Monday to Friday 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. and Saturday 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. PST, or request a consultation by email using the link below.
Our goal is to be just as convenient to work with whether we are located next door or around the world.
|Federal Way
|Disclaimer: The information provided on this website is not legal advice. It is a general overview with regard to the subject matter covered and should not be relied upon for any specific situation. Transmission of this information is not intended to create, and receipt by you does not constitute, an attorney-client relationship. For case specific legal advice, please contact our firm.
|Copyright © NORBACHE-GOFF, PLLC. All right reserved


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use Jifty::Test tests => 5;
# to load po for test:
# use Jifty::Test tests => 5, l10n => 1;
# ...all of Test::More's functionality...
my $model = MyApp::Model::MyModel->new;
ok($model->id, 'model works');
is($model->foo, 'some default', 'default works');
# Startup an external server (see Jifty::TestServer)
my $server = Jifty::Test->make_server;
my $server_url = $server->started_ok;
# You're probably also interested in Jifty::Test::WWW::Mechanize
DESCRIPTIONJifty::Test is a superset of Test::More. It provides all of Test::More's functionality in addition to the class methods defined below.
my $is_passing = Jifty::Test->is_passing;
Check if the test is currently in a passing state.
- All tests run so far have passed
- We have run at least one test
- We have not run more than we planned (if we planned at all)
my $is_done = Jifty::Test->is_done;
Check if we have run all the tests we've planned.
If the plan is 'no_plan' then is_done() will return true if at least one test has run.
setup ARGSThis method is passed a single argument. This is a reference to the array of parameters passed in to the import statement.
Merges the ``test_config'' into the default configuration, resets the database, and resets the fake ``outgoing mail'' folder.
This is the method to override if you wish to do custom setup work, such as insert test data into your database.
package MyApp::Test; use base qw/ Jifty::Test /; sub setup { my $self = shift; my $args = shift; # Make sure to call the super-class version $self->SUPER::setup($args); # Now that we have the database and such... my %test_args = @$args; if ($test_arg{something_special}) { # do something special... } }
And later in your tests, you may do the following:
use MyApp::Test tests => 14, something_special => 1; # 14 tests with some special setup...
setup_test_databaseCreate the test database. This can be overloaded if you do your databases in a different way.
load_test_configs FILENAMEThis will load all the test config files that apply to FILENAME (default: $0, the current test script file). Say you are running the test script "/home/bob/MyApp/t/user/12-delete.t". The files that will be loaded are:
- "/home/bob/MyApp/t/user/12-delete.t-config.yml"
- "/home/bob/MyApp/t/user/test_config.yml"
- "/home/bob/MyApp/t/test_config.yml"
..followed by the usual Jifty configuration files (such as "MyApp/etc/config.yml" and "MyApp/etc/site_config.yml"). The options in a more specific test file override the options in a less specific test file.
The options are returned in a single hashref.
test_configReturns a hash which overrides parts of the application's configuration for testing. By default, this changes the database name by appending a 'test', as well as setting the port to a random port between 10000 and 15000. Individual test configurations may override these defaults (see "load_test_configs").
It is passed the current configuration before any test config is loaded.
You can override this to provide application-specific test configuration, e.g:
sub test_config { my $class = shift; my ($config) = @_; my $hash = $class->SUPER::test_config($config); $hash->{framework}{LogConfig} = "etc/log-test.conf" return $hash; }
Note that this is deprecated in favor of having real config files in your test directory.
make_serverCreates a new Jifty::TestServer depending on the value of $ENV{JIFTY_TEST_SERVER}. If the environment variable is "Inline", we run tests using PSGI inline without spawning an actual server. Otherwise, we fork off a Plack::Server to run tests against.
webLike calling "<Jifty-"web>>.
"<Jifty::Test-"web>> does the necessary Jifty->web initialization for it to be usable in a test.
mailboxA mailbox used for testing mail sending.
setup_mailboxClears the mailbox.
teardown_mailboxDeletes the mailbox.
is_availableInforms Email::Send that Jifty::Test is always available as a mailer.
sendShould not be called manually, but is automatically called by Email::Send when using Jifty::Test as a mailer.
(Note that it is a class method.)
messagesReturns the messages in the test mailbox, as a list of Email::Simple objects. You may have to use a module like Email::MIME to parse multi-part messages stored in the mailbox.
my $files = Jifty::Test->test_file($file);
Register $file as having been created by the test. It will be cleaned up at the end of the test run if and only if the test passes. Otherwise it will be left alone.
It returns $file so you can do this:
my $file = Jifty::Test->test_file( Jifty::Util->absolute_path("t/foo") );
my $return = Jifty::Test->test_in_isolation( sub { ...your testing code... });
For testing testing modules so you can run testing code (which perhaps fail) without effecting the outer test.
Saves the state of Jifty::Test's Test::Builder object and redirects all output to dev null before running your testing code. It then restores the Test::Builder object back to its original state.
# Test that fail() returns 0 ok !Jifty::Test->test_in_isolation sub { return fail; };

subset: commoncrawl


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Italian Andrea Pavan holds a staggering seven shot lead at the halfway stage of the Kärnten Golf Open presented by Mazda after carding an eight under par 64 in the second round.
The 22 year old had seven birdies, one bogey and an eagle – holing his approach on the par four 13th - to add to his nine under par 63 in the first round, and at 17 under he is streets ahead of Englishman Chris Paisley and Austrian Roland Steiner, who are both at ten under after rounds of 65 and 68 respectively.
Germany's Christoph Günther, who won here two years ago, and Swede Bjorn Åkesson are another shot back at nine under.
Despite tearing up Golf Club Klagenfurt-Seltenheim for the second day running to comfortably beat the season's previous best 36-hole score of ten under, Pavan refused to get carried away by his sizeable lead.
"It's good but it's only halfway," said the Rome resident who turned professional last year. "I drove the ball really well and only missed a couple of fairways today, and not by much. At the end of the round yesterday I was feeling like I couldn't control my ball flight very well, but it was better today.
"On the 13th I had a 119-metre approach and played it straight at the pin. It drifted a bit right and spun back in the hole – although I couldn't see it at the time as I was slightly below the hole. The guy in the green was clapping so I knew it was close, then Pierre (Relecom) said to me, 'Dude, you holed it'.
"I made a three-putt on the sixth which was annoying as I was in the middle of the fairway and if you're on the fairway on this course you've got a good chance for birdie. But I hit it long and left – still on the green – and then mis-hit my putt so it was still two or three metres short, then I missed the second one.
"That was a disappointing bogey, but at the end of the day I'm happy because I kept my head when things weren't going well. I just stayed calm. I holed a couple of long putts – on the 11th and the ninth – but I missed a couple of short ones too.
"It's only halfway so I'll just try and play my game and not even count my score, just try and make as many birdies as I can. Hopefully I can keep playing the way I am. My game has worked very well the first two days so I'll be playing the same at the weekend and I think patience will be the key."
Earlier Paisley, playing in the €160,000 event on a sponsor's invitation, set the clubhouse lead with a seven under par 65. The 25 year old was part of the Great Britain and Ireland Walker Cup team in 2009 and is currently leading the Alps Tour Order of Merit.
He said: "I played a lot better than I did yesterday. Yesterday I really struggled and still managed to shoot three under somehow. Today I hit it really well and didn't have any bogeys and holed a few good putts, so I'm very happy.
"It's strange because first thing this morning it was raining heavily and I thought it was going to be a long day. I only hit a few balls to warm up and I was just hoping it would stop raining, and luckily it did. I hit a few really nice shots down the first couple of holes and I got some confidence going from that."
Steiner, who coincidentally also holed his second shot for eagle at the 13th, felt his round was tarnished by a bogey at the last.
"It was a stupid bogey and annoying because I birdied the eighth and it gave me confidence," he said. "I had a lot of chances today but didn't hole many putts. I was four under after five holes but from then on I couldn't take my opportunities.
"You have to say well done to Andrea, and it just shows those kind of scores are possible on this course. We saw it two years ago and last year with players scoring 62, 63. It is good for the sport but for me personally I hope he doesn't continue scoring like this."
Günther, who posted a course record 62 en route to his 2009 victory, is pleased to be in contention once again – albeit a few more shots behind the leader than he would have liked.
"I was a bit shaky at first and I always find the front nine tougher," he said. "Once I got to the tenth tee I knew I could make some birdies and I did. I'm just happy to be here for the weekend and be in with a chance – you never know.
"When I finished today I said to my caddie I thought I'd be four or five shots off the lead, but in fact it's eight shots."
|Player Name
|DUBOIS, Edouard
|PAVAN, Andrea
|JOHNSTON, Andrew
|PAISLEY, Chris
|ÅKESSON, Bjorn
|ERIKSSON, Klas


text:
About This Organizer
KidzArt offers drawing-based art programs that focus on building confidence, creativity and problem solving skills. We use a wide range of artistic media and our program curriculum never repeats, so you never have to look for another art program! All artist quality supplies are provided, so you don't have to bring anything! We offer programs for a wide variety of ages including after-school classes, birthday parties, coporate workshops, adult parties, and summer camps- all using unique projects that students love and that help them learn and grow!
Organizer Info
KidzArt Palm Beach


text:
Marge is the 2015 Chair of the USGBC Board of Directors. Marge is a member of the Seventhwave's leadership team. Her responsibilities include strategic planning, financial management, governance, and business development. Marge founded Seventhwave's training practice, which facilitates the development of advanced, sustainable energy design skills in architects, engineers and building professionals.
She is a recognized leader in the integration of education and training into energy efficiency and behavior change programs. Marge's expertise includes working collaboratively with multiple stakeholders on complex projects. She has a strong background in effective adult learning methodology, with special emphasis on learner outcome development, multiple intelligence theory and impact evaluation for training.
She has a rich background in volunteer leadership and governance for various mission-driven organizations, including the US Green Building Council (Board of Directors), New Buildings Institute (Board of Directors), Meeting Professionals International (Board of Directors), Project Meeting Architecture (Steering Committee Chair), and the American Society of Training & Development (Chapter Board of Directors).


text:
Keywords for Media Library - "A"
The following Keywords are associated with the Library Content Pages on this site. Each Content Page may contain text, audio or video information and can be found through one or more of these Keywords. Browse through this listing and click on any Alphabet Letter or Keyword to be taken to a listing of the Content Pages that apply. You can always click on "Library Search" at the top right of the screen and type any word to see if it is in our Keyword list.
Please Note: The information on this website is solely for educational purposes and should not be substituted for medical advice. Any and all health care concerns, decisions, and actions must be done through the advice and counsel of a health care professional who is familiar with your updated medical history.


text:
Kirill Klip has twitted today the International Lithium Newsletter, apparently company in on the way to the exploration program with Ganfeng Lithium in Ireland this season.
International Lithium Newsletter
$ILC.v http://lnkd.in/dYcP47U
Tesla Battery Gigafactory, Lithium Materials And Lithium Miners ILC.v TNR.v LIT TSLA
"Tesla Gigafactory is driving a lot of interest to the Lithium sector these days. Lithium stocks were surging last week and it is time to find out who is who in this investment mega trend and separate the wannabes from serious players with projects, technicals teams and, the most important here, strong strategic partners available to provide capital and expertise to develop those projects. If this strategic partner, like in the case with International Lithium and Ganfeng Lithium from China, happen to be one of the leaders among Integrated Professional Lithium Producers in the world it should deserve your attention. Do your own DD and always kick the tires - we will provide you with the initial information."
In This Issue:
Tel: 604.687.4670
620-650 West Georgia Street Vancouver BC V6B 4N9
March 6, 2014
"Thank you for subscribing to ILC's updates and your recent feedback to our newsletter. We value your input thus would like to take this opportunity to address some of your questions and concerns." CarolineKlukowski, Coprporate Communications
|ILC Corporate Presentation
Recent Questions for IR
What are International Lithium Corp.s' current undertakings?
Further to the announcement on Dec.06.2014 we are finalizing negotiations with Gangfeng Lithium, more specifically we are awaiting budget approvals concerning plans moving forward on the Blackstairs project in Ireland.
Will there be a program on Blackstairs this year?
As soon as all details are finalized with Gangfeng we will announce all commitments concerning exploration on the property. We do expect to conduct an extensive exploration program on Blackstairs this year and are currently collecting bids for various operations.
To view the full news release please select the link below NR_ILC_Dec06_2014
What is ILC's stance on mining conditions in Argentina?We believe that positive strides have been made in Argentina since the initial mining laws were reformed. Majors such as Chevron, Yamana Gold and PanAm have made significant investments in the Argentine market recently, which is indicative that political tensions concerning foreign mining have eased, especially with the current government slowly exiting the scene and the opposition pledging more mining friendly conditions. Gold Corp. (Cerro Negro) and McEwen Mining have both recently reported that their projects are moving along and political issues are easing.
For relevant articles on the mining climate in Argentina please see the links bellow. Please note the links are provided for informational purposes only and do not constitute an offer of solicitation to shell shares or securities in the company or any related company*
Lithium Glance March 2014As anticipated Lithium finally spiked in demand subsequent to Tesla's announcement that it was building a large lithium processing factory in order to meet future production demands for its electric-car batteries. Apple Inc. and Panasonic, both potential partners and companies requiring large lithium supplies, also confirmed they were in talks with Tesla although the details of the discussions were not made public. These latest developments further hint that lithium will continue to trend upward making headlines as companies look to meet their growing production demands.
For further details please see the following links*
About International Lithium Corp.
International Lithium Corp. is an exploration company with an outstanding portfolio of projects, strong management ownership, robust financial support and a strategic partner and keystone investor Ganfeng Lithium Co. Ltd., a leading China based lithium product manufacturer.
The Company's primary focus is the Mariana lithium-potash brine project in Argentina within the renowned South American "Lithium Belt" that is the host to the vast majority of Global lithium resources, reserves and production. The 160 square kilometre Mariana project strategically encompasses an entire mineral rich evaporate basin that ranks as one of the more prospective salars or 'salt lakes" in the region.
Complementing the Company's lithium brine projects are rare metals pegmatite properties in Canada and Ireland that have recently reported positive geochemical results (latest news releases dated April 3,2013 and April 9, 2013). With the increasing demand for high tech rechargeable batteries used in vehicle propulsion technologies and portable electronics, lithium is paramount to tomorrow's "green-tech" economy. By positioning itself with solid development partners and acquiring high quality grass roots projects at an early stage of exploration, ILC aims to be the green tech resource explorer of choice for investors and build value for its shareholders.
Neither the TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider (as that term is defined in the policies of the TSX Venture Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release. Statements in this press release other than purely historical information, historical estimates should not be relied upon, including statements relating to the Company's future plans and objectives or expected results, are forward-looking statements. News release contains certain "Forward-Looking Statements" within the meaning of Section 21E of the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are based on numerous assumptions and are subject to all of the risks and uncertainties inherent in the Company's business, including risks inherent in resource exploration and development. As a result, actual results may vary materially from those described in the forward-looking statements.
*This link leading to a website or article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute an offer or solicitation to sell shares or securities in the Company or any related or associated company. Any such offer or solicitation will be made only by means of the Company's confidential Offering Memorandum and in accordance with the terms of all applicable securities and other laws. None of the information or analyses presented are intended to form the basis for any investment decision, and no specific recommendations are intended. Accordingly this website does not constitute investment advice or counsel or solicitation for investment in any security. This website does not constitute or form part of, and should not be construed as, any offer for sale or subscription of, or any invitation to offer to buy or subscribe for, any securities, nor should it or any part of it form the basis of, or be relied on in any connection with, any contract or commitment whatsoever. The Company expressly disclaims any and all responsibility for any direct or consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever arising directly or indirectly from: (i) reliance on any information contained in the website, (ii) any error, omission or inaccuracy in any such information or (iii) any action resulting therefrom.
Please Note our Legal Disclaimer on the Blog, including, but Not limited to:
There are NO Qualified Persons among the authors of this blog as it is defined by NI 43-101, we were NOT able to verify and check any provided information in the articles, news releases or on the links embedded on this blog; you must NOT rely in any sense on any of this information in order to make any resource or value calculation, or attribute any particular value or Price Target to any discussed securities.
We Do Not own any content in the third parties' articles, news releases, videos or on the links embedded on this blog; any opinions - including, but not limited to the resource estimations, valuations, target prices and particular recommendations on any securities expressed there - are subject to the disclosure provided by those third parties and are NOT verified, approved or endorsed by the authors of this blog in any way.
Please, do not forget, that we own stocks we are writing about and have position in these companies. We are not providing any investment advice on this blog and there is no solicitation to buy or sell any particular company.


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May 2010
Light clutter in Orlando, Florida. Photo: Oksana Hlodan.
Life on Earth has evolved for eons with predictable daily, monthly, and annual patterns of light and dark. The physiology and ecology of species, the interactions between species, and functioning of ecosystems is governed in part by light. In modern times, humans have developed and deployed extensive outdoor and indoor electrical lighting. The outline of these lights is now visible from space.1 By disrupting natural patterns of darkness, artificial light acts as a pollutant, with significant and adverse impacts to ecosystems.
Figure: Earth at Night
A composite image of the Earth at night in 1994-95. This image is actually a composite of hundreds of pictures acquired by three of the four DMSP satellites, which operate in low-altitude polar orbits and have the unique capability to detect low levels of visible-near infrared (VNIR) radiance at night. Image: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, ?Scientific Visualization Studio.
Is light pollution a modern problem?
Humans have long known that lights can be used to influence the behavior of other species. For example:
- Early humans used the light of fire to keep predators at bay.
- The philosopher Aristotle (384 BC-322 BC) observed that moths were attracted to a flame.2
- In modern times, lighthouses and light-ships confused birds during their nocturnal migration, sometimes resulting in collision and demise. As early as the 1880s, scientists remarked, "the destruction of birds by light-houses on the coast of the United States must amount to many thousands annually."3
- Many observations have been made of birds killed in lighted areas, including the first street lights,6 tall lighted structures, ceilometers (vertical lights used to measure the altitude of clouds at airports), and television and radio towers (see review in Gauthreaux et al.7).
- Mortality of sea turtle hatchlings disoriented by lights has been recorded at least since the mid-1900s and has motivated research and mitigation as well.4,5
The constellation Orion, imaged at left from dark skies, and at right from the metropolis of Orem, UT, with a population of about half a million people. Photos taken 8 January 2009 by Jeremy Stanley.
Types of light pollution
- Ecological light pollution has been identified as "artificial light that alters the natural patterns of light and dark in ecosystems."8
- Astronomical light pollution, which is not the same as ecological light pollution, is light that interferes with the view of the night sky.
- The general term "light pollution" can also refer to light that is aesthetically disruptive.
This time exposure photo of New York City at night, with the Empire State Building at center, shows sky glow, one form of light pollution. Photo taken in October 2004 by Charliebrown7034.
Light polluters
- Light pollution includes sky glow, the reflected light in the sky from artificial lights.
- Direct glare is a light that is directly visible to an observer at night.
Light measurement
- Illumination is the amount of light energy incident on a particular area.
- Luminance is the brightness of a light source against its surroundings.
- Spectrum comprises the different wavelengths in any particular light.
How does light pollution affect wildlife?
Loggerhead turtle hatchlings in Broward County, Florida making it to the ocean just after sunrise. Artificial lighting on nesting beaches disrupts the ability of marine turtle hatchlings to find the sea, an effect termed "hatchling disorientation." Photo: Mary Wozny, Broward County Sea Turtle Conservation Program; Sea Turtle Image Library.
Light is necessary for some species to become familiar with their environments. It can also serve to extend the activity period of species that are mainly active in the daytime. Known as the "night light niche,"9 the increased activity time may benefit these species, but it comes at the expense of other species with which they compete, or on which they prey. Unfortunately, light can also cause disorientation or act as an unnatural stimulus. Sea turtle hatchlings are disoriented by lights along the beaches where females lay their eggs4,5 (see review in Salmon10). The attraction of insects to lights is another example of this phenomenon, which results in the deaths of billions of insects each summer in Germany alone.11
Many reproductive activities are synchronized by light, or they require specific lighting conditions. Fireflies use lights to attract mates—a communication that artificial lights make less visible.12 The spawning of corals is highly synchronized with lunar cycles,13 which is a method of "predator swamping" that maximizes the survival of the larvae. Other species, such as some insects and frogs, only mate in the darkest part of the night, presumably to minimize the risk of predation.14
Circadian rhythms and physiology (functions)
Animals set their internal clocks based on light cues and light pollution can have weighty consequences. Alterations of the natural pattern of light disrupts "circadian" cycles—a roughly twenty-four-hour cycle in the biochemical, physiological, or behavioral processes of organisms. In many species, exposure to light at night suppresses the production of the hormone melatonin. Light in the shorter wavelengths (e.g., blue) is biologically active, and it is most effective at triggering such physiological changes in animals.15 In humans, decreased concentration of melatonin is associated with increased risk of breast and prostate cancer.16,17 For species that are normally active at night, such as salamanders,18 sugar gliders,19 and flying squirrels,20 encountering light can cause them to delay their nightly activities such as foraging. Light at night can also influence the timing of physiological changes associated with migration.21
Interactions between species are affected by lighting conditions. For example, some lizards are successful in establishing themselves in non-native environments because they have the ability to exploit artificial night lighting successfully.22 Experimental research has shown the decline of one native gecko species in Hawaii when it was out-competed by another species in the presence of clustered insect distributions caused by lights.23 Species can show strong preferences for activity during different light conditions. We now know that changing the lighting could increase or decrease competition between species.
As a general rule, additional light allows predators to find their prey. Some prey species, therefore, evolved to be active only during the dark of night to avoid predators. This pattern is seen across many groups of organisms, including seals that capture juvenile salmon under artificial lights,24 nocturnal rodents that are exposed to predators in various environments,25 and snakes that reduce activity during the full moon when they would be vulnerable to predation from owls.26 The exceptions to this rule are species that seek safety from predators in numbers, such as flocks of birds27 or schools of fish.28 In these instances, additional light may benefit the prey species because it heightens their communal awareness of their environment.
How can light pollution be addressed?
Light pollution is simultaneously extremely simple and extremely difficult to remediate. It is simple because once a light is switched off or redirected, the pollutant is gone from the system with no expensive clean-up effort. Because remediation requires changing the behavior of billions of people and overcoming their various prejudices and attitudes about darkness and artificial lighting at night, it is extraordinarily difficult to control. Local and regional ordinances can educate the public, and such regulations have been shown to address this challenge effectively.10 Efforts to mitigate the effects of light pollution on species and habitats should consider five elements of lighting:
1. Need Is the light needed? The choice not to light may be appropriate in many circumstances—especially in parks or wilderness areas where visitors are prepared for the darkness. In addition, under many circumstances, removing existing lights is an option because they were not needed.
2. Direction All light should be directed where it is needed, and any light escaping in other directions should be eliminated. To reduce sky glow this means using lights that are "full cut-off," which is defined as a light that emits virtually no light upward and very little light in the 10° angle below the horizon. Depending on where the light is located, additional shielding may be necessary to keep light from spilling into sensitive habitats such as a wetland or forest. Even lights that are directed downward may still cause adverse effects for ecosystems.
3. Intensity Users should only install lights as bright as needed for a particular situation because the influence of a light correlates with its intensity. If an existing light is shielded properly, often less light is just as effective because it is all going where it is desired. For natural areas, intensity should be kept low so that the contrasts between lit and unlit areas are minimized. This increases overall visibility by allowing the human eye to keep some of its adaptation to the dark. When lights are very bright, the eye adapts to this brightness and all else appears as dark shadows. When illumination is closer to ambient conditions, the eye is actually able to see more that is not directly illuminated by the light.29
4. Duration Not every light needs to be on from dusk to dawn. Lighting can be minimized by setting the fixture to turn off after a certain hour (the Dutch government does this with some of its street lights,30), or by putting the light on a motion sensor so that it is only on when needed. Good practices such as turning lights out when they are not needed could go a long way to minimizing light pollution on private property, not to mention the benefits of reducing pollution from energy production and saving money.
5. Spectrum Although all light has some effects on wildlife and habitats, certain spectra are more damaging. Full spectrum light, which has blue and ultraviolet wavelengths, should not be used. Even though such lights allow people to see color at night, the presence of the blue light sends an environmental signal that it is daytime. Ultraviolet light is highly attractive to insects and it should be avoided as well. Longer wavelengths such as yellow and red appear to have fewer impacts in general, although even longer wavelengths were shown to disrupt foraging of beach mice18 and the orientation of some salamanders.31 In the laboratory, some migratory birds were unable to orient under red lights. The research suggested that green should be used on offshore oil platforms to make it safer for these birds to migrate.32
Acknowledgment: This review draws on a previously published paper by the authors in "Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment."8
© 2010, American Institute of Biological Sciences. Educators have permission to reprint articles for classroom use; other users, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com for reprint permission. See reprint policy.


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$65,000 in scholarship prizes up for grabs
$65,000 in scholarship prizes up for grabs
More students eligible to participate in Moody's Mega Math Challenge
In 2008, students in the Boston and Philadelphia regions and surrounding areas will join New York City metropolitan students to participate in Moody's Mega Math Challenge. Up for grabs is $65,000 in scholarship prizes. Funded by The Moody's Foundation, the competition was expanded due to the tremendous response from New York City-area high schools during the first two years.
Support from educators in the New York City region has been encouraging. "The M3 Challenge and its provocative questions engage students to think creatively, work efficiently in teams, create econometric models, and create solutions that can better society," said Danny Jaye, Principal, Bergen County Academies, in Hackensack, New Jersey. "It was clearly one of the academic highlights of their year!"
The competition has grown to include more than 60 counties, up from 19 in the past two years. In 2008, it will reach more than 17,000 teachers and tens of thousands of high school juniors and seniors in the eligible areas. The Moody's Foundation and the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), which organizes the competition, are looking forward to eager participation from teachers, educators, and students in the new areas.
"Moody's Mega Math Challenge is different from other contests – there is no test site, no long list of formulas and calculations, and no teacher or supervisor interaction with the students as they participate," said Jim Cocoros, a teacher from Stuyvesant High School, in New York City. "This is a taste of reality – students download the problem early in the morning and are expected to research, analyze, summarize, solve, and justify by that night. I am pleased to see math being highlighted as a relevant and valuable tool outside the classroom."
The goal of the Challenge is to encourage high school students to pursue math-related studies and careers. Students are required to solve a challenging applied math-modeling problem based on real world issues. The 2006 problem dealt with ensuring the long-term viability of social security and the 2007 problem required students to try to beat the stock market – by using applied math techniques. The 2008 problem will be revealed to participating teams on Challenge weekend, March 8 and 9.
About the Sponsor
The Moody's Foundation is a charitable organization dedicated to supporting a variety of nonprofit education, health and human services, civic, and arts and culture programs. Established by Moody's Corporation in 2001, the Foundation's primary area of giving is secondary and higher education with a focus on mathematics, economics and finance. Further information is available at http://philanthropy.moodys.com.
Moody's Corporation (NYSE: MCO), an essential component of the global capital markets, provides credit ratings, research, tools and analysis that contribute to stable, transparent and integrated financial markets. Moody'sCorporation is the parent company of Moody's Investors Service and Moody's Analytics, encompassing Moody's non-ratings businesses. With revenues of $2.3 billion in 2007, Moody's employs approximately 3,600 people worldwide and maintains a presence in 27 countries. Further information is available at www.moodys.com.
About the Organizer
The Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), headquartered in Philadelphia, PA, is an international society of over 11,000 individual members. These include applied and computational mathematicians and computer scientists, as well as other scientists and engineers. Members are researchers, educators, students, and practitioners from 85 countries in industry, government, laboratories, and academia. The Society, which also includes more than 500 academic and corporate institutional members, serves and advances the disciplines of applied mathematics and computational science by publishing a variety of books and prestigious peer-reviewed research journals, by conducting conferences, and by hosting activity groups in various areas of mathematics. SIAM provides many opportunities for students including regional sections and student chapters. Further information is available at www.siam.org.


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c-Myc, the product of the c-myc proto-oncogene, is a helix-loop-helix leucine zipper phosphoprotein that regulates gene transcription in cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis. This peptide is a human c-myc epitope.


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2017 to 2022 presents an in-depth assessment of the Organic Cosmetic Products including enabling technologies, key trends, market drivers, challenges, standardization, regulatory landscape, deployment models, operator case studies, opportunities, future roadmap, value chain, ecosystem player profiles and strategies. The report also presents forecasts for Organic Cosmetic Products investments from 2017 till 2022.
Global Organic Cosmetic Products Market Research Report 2017 offered by Questale contains a market overview of the industry which talks about market size, product scope, market revenue, growth opportunities, sales volumes and figures, growth estimation in coming years, current industry leaders and their sales/revenue metrics.
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Scope of Organic Cosmetic Products:Organic Cosmetic Products Market report evaluates the growth rate and the market value based on market dynamics, growth inducing factors. The complete knowledge is based on latest industry news, opportunities, trends. The report contains a comprehensive market analysis and vendor landscape in addition to a SWOT analysis of the key vendors.
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This independent 128 pages report guarantees you will remain better informed than your competition. With over 170 tables and figures examining the Organic Cosmetic Products market, the report gives you a visual, one-stop breakdown of the leading products, submarkets and market leader's market revenue forecasts as well as analysis to 2022.
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MarketInsightsReports provides syndicated market research report to industries, organizations or even individuals with an aim of helping them in their decision making process. These reports include in-depth market research studies i.e. market share analysis, industry analysis, information on products, countries, market size, trends, business research details and much more. MarketInsightsReports provides global and regional market intelligence coverage, a 360-degree market view which includes statistical forecasts, competitive landscape, detailed segmentation, key trends, and strategic recommendations.
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Additionally, Falck wants to co-develop future projects, as it pointed to banks' reduced willingness to finance projects, pressure on energy prices and a negative outlook for incentives.
The renewable energy group said it would begin by looking for an investor to acquire a minority stake in its 273MW UK wind assets. It has hired investment bank Rothschild to provide a valuation of assets on the sales block, which it expects to be completed early next year.
Falck now has installed wind capacity of 655.3MW, the lion's share of its total 716.4MW capacity.
According to a new 2013-2017 business plan presented today, the company plans to increase
wind capacity to 770MW by 2017 as it pushes forward only with projects already under construction
or authorised.
Falck said additional wind energy investments will be concentrated in areas with attractive renewable resources, such as the UK, and in countries with expanding renewable energy portfolios.


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NEW YORK, NY -- In the first comprehensive survey of the views of education professors, Public Agenda found nearly eight in ten teachers of teachers (79%) believe the public's approach toward learning is outmoded and mistaken, and suggest a different path for American education. In sharp contrast to the concerns expressed by typical Americans in earlier Public Agenda studies, small percentages of education professors feel maintaining discipline and order in the classroom (37%), stressing grammar as well as correct spelling and punctuation (19%), and expecting students to be on time and polite (12%) are absolutely essential qualities to impart to prospective teachers. Different Drummers: How Teachers of Teachers View Public Education was released today by the nonpartisan, nonprofit Public Agenda.
Professors of education offer an alternative set of priorities which translate into highly evolved expectations for K-12 teachers. Education professors overwhelmingly consider it absolutely essential to convey to prospective teachers the importance of lifelong learning (84%), teaching students to be active learners (82%), and having high expectations of all their students (72%). Their emphasis on a love of learning leads them to downplay more traditional educational practices. Fifty-nine percent, for example, think academic sanctions such as the threat of flunking or being held back are not important in motivating kids to learn. Six in ten (61%) believe when a public school teacher faces a disruptive class it probably means the teacher has failed to make lessons engaging enough.
Professors of education have a particular vision of what teaching should be -- one that has some appealing features, said Deborah Wadsworth, Executive Director of Public Agenda. But the disconnect between what the professors want and what most parents, teachers, business leaders and students say they need is often staggering. Their prescriptions for the public schools may appear to many Americans to be a type of rarified blindness given the public's concerns about school safety and discipline, and whether high school graduates have even basic skills, added Wadsworth.
Process Over Content
The process of learning is more important to education professors than whether or not students absorb specific knowledge. Nearly 9 in 10 (86%) say when K-12 teachers assign math or history questions, it is more important for kids to struggle with the process of finding the right answers than knowing the right answer. We have for so many years said to kids 'What's 7+5?' as if that was the important thing. The question we should be asking is 'Give me as many questions whose answer is 12...,' said a Chicago professor who was interviewed for this study.
Their focus on how to learn prompts a greater reliance on tools and less on teaching specific facts. For example, 57% think the use of calculators from the start will improve children's problem-solving skills. Only 10% of the general public, however, and 23% of public school teachers, agree. And only one-third of the professors (33%) would require students to know the names and geographic locations of the 50 states before getting a diploma. Why should they know that? a Los Angeles professor asked. They need to know how to find out where they are. When I need to know that, I can go look it up. That's the important piece, and here is what's hard to get parents to understand.
Standards In Concept Only?
Education professors initially appear to agree with most Americans on the need to challenge students to do more, but are often reluctant to support enforcing that with concrete tests. Two-thirds (66%) of teachers feel too little is expected of students in today's public schools, and, by the same percentage, think kids would pay more attention and study harder if higher standards were adopted. But only 49% would require grade school students to pass a test showing mastery of higher standards before they are promoted to junior high. And, while 76% would not allow kids to graduate from high school unless they clearly demonstrate they can write and speak English well, only 55% would require kids to show they know proper spelling, grammar, and punctuation before receiving a diploma -- a drop-off possibly explained by their lack of faith in standardized tests.
When asked to choose between standards and discipline on the one hand or more money for smaller classes and up-to-date equipment on the other, education professors overwhelmingly opt for additional financial resources (68% to 29%). The public, in contrast, is divided with 47% supporting more money and 45% higher standards and more discipline. Standards is nothing to get real excited about...It is somebody's quick and dirty solution to a very complicated problem, a Boston professor said.
Old-Fashioned Methods
From memorization to multiple-choice exams to rewards for good behavior to competition for academic honors, professors of education typically think of these methods of teaching as old-fashioned. Seventy-eight percent want more reliance on portfolios and other authentic assessments of students' academic progress. Authentic assessment provides a way to see different ways of knowing, more ways of solving problems...[but] parents and politicians like scores, because they're simple, a Los Angeles professor said. More than six in ten (64%) think schools should avoid competition for rewards such as honor rolls, and nearly half (47%) support giving students involved in a team project a group grade rather than grading individually. Seventy-eight percent want less reliance on multiple-choice exams, and the majority (60%) want less emphasis on memorization in today's classrooms.
What about Testing the Teachers?
Education professors express some reservations about their own students' ability to live up to their expectations. Three in four (75%) say too many of their prospective teachers have trouble writing essays free of mistakes in grammar and spelling, and 7 in 10 (72%) say they often or sometimes come across a student they seriously doubt has what it takes to be a teacher. Eighty-six percent believe education programs need to do a better job of weeding out unsuitable prospective teachers, and 67% endorse requiring teachers to pass tests demonstrating proficiency in key subjects before they are hired.
Teachers of teachers also worry they themselves may be too isolated from the classroom experience. In fact, 17% report they have never been a K-12 classroom teacher, and of the remaining 83%, half (51%) have not been a K-12 teacher in 16-plus years.
Different Drummers is based on a telephone survey conducted over the summer with 900 randomly selected professors of education who work in colleges and universities throughout the continental United States. The margin of error is plus or minus 3%. Prior to the survey, Public Agenda interviewed ten experts in the field of teacher education and conducted four focus groups with professors of education in New York, Chicago, Boston and Los Angeles.
On the Public Schools
On Core Curriculum
Different Drummers was made possible by a grant from the Thomas B. Fordham Foundation. The principal researcher and author of Different Drummers was Steve Farkas, Public Agenda Vice President and Director of Research. Public Agenda is solely responsible for determining the lines of inquiry, designing the questionnaire, and interpreting and reporting research results.
Different Drummers is the latest in a series of education studies which include Getting By: What American Teenagers Really Think About Their Schools (1997), Given the Circumstances: Teachers Talk About Public Education Today (1996), Assignment Incomplete: The Unfinished Business of Education Reform (1995), and First Things First: What Americans Expect from the Public Schools (1994). These explore the views of teens, teachers, the general public, parents with children in public schools, and community and education leaders. For information on Public Agenda reports, call 212/686-6610. Summaries are available online: http://www.publicagenda.org.
Public Agenda is a nonpartisan, nonprofit public opinion research and education organization working to help citizens better understand complex policy issues and to help the nation's leaders better understand the public's point of view. It was founded in 1975 by social scientist and author Daniel Yankelovich and former U.S. Secretary of State Cyrus Vance.
Visit Learning Curve, our reporters guide to Education.


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Lyme disease is caused by an infection with the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. In California, the bacterium is transmitted by the bite of an infected western black-legged tick (Ixodes pacificus). Wild rodents and other small animals are the natural reservoir hosts of the disease. Although deer are not reservoirs of the disease, high deer populations contribute to elevated tick populations, thus potentially increasing the prevalence of the disease.
In the United States, Lyme disease is most prevalent in the northeastern states, but cases are commonly reported in many other areas, including California. Worldwide, reported cases of Lyme disease are concentrated in northern and central Europe. https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/signs_symptoms/index.html
- Lyme disease may produce a wide range of symptoms. If you believe that you have been exposed to the bacterium that causes Lyme disease, contact your health care provider.
- Some people infected with Lyme disease develop a circular rash called erythema migrans (or "bull's eye" rash) within 3-30 days of being bitten by an infected tick.
- If Lyme disease is left untreated, the infection may spread to other parts of the body, with many patients experiencing severe pain and swelling associated with arthritis.Untreated patients may also develop chronic neurological problems.
- Click here for more information regarding signs and symptoms of Lyme disease.
- Antibiotics are most effective when treatment is started early.
- A Lyme disease vaccine is currently not available for humans.
Before entering tick habitat, take the following precautions:
- Consider applying an effective tick repellent to exposed skin. Click here to use the EPA's repellent search tool.
- Consider treating clothes/personal outdoor equipment with an acaricide containing permethrin.
- Wear light-colored clothing (this makes it easier to spot ticks).
- Wear long pants, long sleeves, and long socks whenever possible (this makes it more difficult for the tick to get to your skin).
While in tick habitat:
- Stay on trails (adult ticks are typically more abundant on the uphill sides of trails).
- Avoid contact with nymph habitat (leaf litter, logs, tree trunks, etc.).
- Periodically check for ticks on people and animals.
After exiting tick habitat:
- Wash all clothes in hot water and dry on high heat.
- Shower after coming indoors and carefully check for ticks.
- Properly remove any attached ticks immediately (please see our tick brochure for proper removal technique).
Reduce tick abundance around the home:
- Utilize landscaping techniques that limit cover for ticks near the home, such as removing leaf litter around homes and using gravel or woodchip barriers between lawns and wooded areas (see the Tick Management Handbook for detailed information).
- If properly timed, application of acaricides (pesticides designed to kill ticks) can be effective in reducing tick populations near homes. Residents should contact a private pest control company if they are interested in this service.
- Dogs may become infected with the bacterium that causes Lyme disease and may exhibit a wide variety of symptoms. Pet owners should consult their veterinarian if they are concerned their dog has been exposed to the bacterium that causes Lyme disease.
- In California, cats are typically bitten less frequently than dogs by the western black-legged ticks.
- Infected western black-legged ticks commonly feed on western fence lizards, but the lizard blood kills the Borrelia bacterium.
|Clickable Link
|Information you will find there:
|CDC Lyme Disease Page
|Napa/Solano/Yolo/Marin Public Health Laboratory (NSYMPHL)
|County of Sonoma: Public Health Regional Labratory
|EPA: Repellent Search Tool
|UC IPM: Lyme Disease in California
Furman, D.P. & Loomis, C. L. (1984). The Ticks of California (Acari: Ixodida). Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.
Lane, R.S. (2008). Pest Notes: Lyme Disease in California. Davis: Univ. Calif. Agric. Nat. Res. Publ. 7485.
Mullen. G.R. & L.A. Durden. (2009). Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2nd ed. Burlington, MA: Academic Press.
Padgett, K. A., & Lane, R. S. (2001). Life Cycle of Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae): Timing of Developmental Processes Under Field and Laboratory Conditions. Journal of Medical Entomology, 38(5), 684-693.
Tick-Borne Diseases. (2016). Retrieved September 19, 2016, from http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HEALTHINFO/DISCOND/Pages/TickBorneDiseases.aspx


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It actually would have been more interesting to have the boys sing Whitney and the girls sing Stevie..
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Our most important connection - page 2 Nexia. Since Nexia™ Home Intelligence was built on the idea of improving connections, it's no surprise there's one connection we consider particularly important—the one we have with our subscribers. After all, your ability to connect to your home is what we are all about.
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So, whether you're just researching home automation or getting ready to use Nexia, we're here to help. Considering Home Automation.
What is home automation. Technology has allowed us to connect to multiple facets of our daily life—and that includes our homes. A home automation, or connected home, system connects electronic home products to Internet-enabled devices so you can access them remotely. What things should I consider when selecting a home automation system.
When selecting a home automation platform, consider the following questions:. How expensive is it to get the system, install and maintain it. Is there a monthly fee. Can you expand the number of products on the system and if so, what's available. What kind of technical support is available and how do you access it. How easy is it to access the network and control it remotely.
How secure is the network. How easy is it to install? Does it require a professional installer. How simple is it to integrate the system into daily life. Why types of products work on the system? Will products work together? How easy is that to set up. How soon will these products need to be updated or become obsolete.
What are the types of home automation. Home automation has evolved over the years. Today's systems could be grouped into these categories to make it easier to understand:. Self-monitored security/home automation network: Nexia falls into this category. Self-monitored systems typically work with a variety of products, are modular/scalable and easy to setup. These systems are sold through retailers, e-tailers, and local dealers. They can be installed and maintained by the homeowner and enable remote control and monitoring via a smartphone, tablet or computer.
These systems typically have a "hub" or "gateway" in the home that wirelessly speaks to the smart products throughout the home. Monitored security: This is a home alarm system monitored by a third-party provider who contacts the appropriate responders (fire, police) when an alarm is triggered. Generally you can expect a higher monthly fee for this service and typically a long-term contract. These services are great for households that want to know someone else is watching their home; however some customers may complain of false alarms and limited flexibility when adding new products to their system. Custom home automation: This type typically includes monitored security, options for managing entertainment and media systems, and whole home integration.
These custom systems are designed and installed by professionals and may require a high, upfront investment. How do today's home automation systems work. These systems use common home automation technology, such as Z-Wave, ZigBee and WiFi, to allow devices to communicate with each other as well as to Internet-enabled devices anywhere in the world. What is Z-Wave.
Z-Wave is a next-generation wireless technology that allows virtually any electronic device in your home to communicate via low power radio waves that travel through walls, floors and cabinets. "It is an interoperable, wireless, RF-based communications technology designed specifically for control, monitoring and status reading applications in residential and light commercial environments.
" For more information, visit the Z-Wave® Alliance website. Why was Z-Wave chosen for Nexia Home Intelligence.
Because Z-Wave is used by many of manufacturers that make products for the home, it was the ideal choice for Nexia. Z-Wave allows Nexia to work with products from a number of different brands, rather than a proprietary system of products we control. Additionally, Z-Wave has great range, low susceptibility to interference from other wireless devices and operates on very low power.
And, because Z-Wave is a "mesh network," the network gets stronger when more Z-Wave devices are added to the system, which is ideal for accommodating all sizes and shapes of home layouts and environments. Z-Wave communication can be impacted by the physical location of devices. Sometimes, home construction (metal, in particular) can reduce signal strength between two Z-Wave devices. Adding another Z-wave device, such as a plug-in light controller, normally resolves communication "dead spots" in the home. Z-Wave is designed for efficient control and monitoring of devices, such as locks, lights and thermostats.
It is not designed for streaming data such as video and music. That's why the cameras that work with the Nexia system are all WiFi-based.
Considering Nexia. Nexia Home Intelligence helps you stay connected to what matters most to you. Unlike competing systems, Nexia is more than a product with an app. Instead, Nexia has an app that controls multiple products—one app, countless products. That's the beauty of Nexia. It brings together all the connected products in your home so you can manage them remotely from a single app on a smartphone, tablet or computer.
How does Nexia work. Devices in the home communicate using Z-Wave technology, a wireless Radio Frequency-based communications platform, or Wi-Fi. The Nexia Bridge in the home listens for changes to devices and reports this information to the Nexia portal for status updates. The Nexia web and mobile apps use the bridge to send commands (such as "lock the door") to devices. In addition to providing basic functionality, Nexia allows subscribers to tap into the advanced features of products.
For example, with an electronic lock, Nexia allows you to remotely lock/unlock the door, as well as add/delete codes or check which codes have been entered. In addition to device control and monitoring, Nexia allows subscribers to automate their home so products work together.
For example, when a certain code is entered at the lock, it could trigger the camera to record video, a light to turn on and a text alert to be sent. What exactly does Nexia allow you to do.
Nexia allows you to access, monitor, and control smart products in your home all from your smartphone, tablet, or computer. With Nexia, you can easily make your products work together to improve the comfort, efficiency, and security of your home. Nexia keeps you informed about what's happening in the home:. Activity or motion -- when door/window or motion sensors detect activity. Door access -- anytime anyone enters a door code. Tamper alerts -- if the wrong lock code is entered or activity is detected at the door.
Bridge disconnect and reconnect -- notices whenever power/Internet goes off or turns back on. Low battery reminders -- when the batteries in door locks are running low. Furnace filter change reminders -- when it is time to change your HVAC filter. Temperature alerts -- if the temperature is out of range. Nexia helps you stay connected and in control even when away:. Adjust thermostat before you get home so you always arrive to a comfortable home.
Create secure access codes for housekeeper or guest to get in when you can't be there. Lock the door from across town or across the country. Schedule lights to come on at dusk so you arrive to a safe, well-lit home. Use "automations" and "modes" to adjust your home automatically:. Create a "vacation mode" that automatically adjust the thermostat, locks doors, arms sensors, and schedules lights while you are gone. Select "goodnight mode" at bedtime to automatically lock doors, dim lights, and adjust temperature.
The cool thing about Nexia is that you get to decide what matters. You can start small, then grow your system to fit your life so you stay connected to what matters most. What makes Nexia different. Simply put, Nexia was built with its subscribers in mind. We've designed Nexia so it's easy to install, use and—most importantly—stay connected to what matters most. As a result, you choose the products you want on the system. You aren't limited to products only made by a certain manufacturer, as is the case with closed design systems.
You get to choose the Z-Wave products you prefer or already have in your home. Even more, you get to decide how those products work together. For a low monthly subscription, Nexia provides a fully connected home—with no extra fees or contracts.
Key benefits of the Nexia system include:. Future-ready platform that allows you to customize your home with a wide range of products from today's most innovative home brands.
Scalability so the system can be expanded over time. Automatic updates on new features and ways to control the home. Affordable price so subscribers can have the benefits of home automation without the cost of legacy or heavily customized systems.
Subscriber support based in the U.
to help you get the most out of your system. Privacy of your data. Our promise to you is that we will never sell or compromise your personal information.
That is a guarantee. How much does Nexia cost. The average Nexia system costs less than a few hundred dollars to get started. With Nexia, you decide what smart home products you want in your home.
You can start small with a couple of products then grow your system over time. The two things you'll need to begin are the stand-alone Nexia Bridge for about $70, which is the hub of the smart home network (or purchase the following smart thermostats, which have the Nexia bridge built inside: the Trane XL824, Trane XL 850. American Standard Gold 824 or American Standard Gold 850 ), and an active Nexia subscription, which costs $9.
99/month. The monthly subscription fee offers subscribers remote access to all the smart products in their home via the mobile or web app, plus live customer service 7 days a week. Subscribers can control over 200 products on one account for the same monthly fee.
The standard subscription also includes 250 MB of video storage if you connect wireless cameras with Nexia. There is also an opportunity to upgrade the video storage capacity for $1.
99 for an additional 1 GB, up to 2 GB. We want you to have choices and flexibility.
That's why there are no cancellation fees or long-term contracts. If at anytime you choose to cancel your subscription, all of the products you purchased will still work in your home—you just won't be able to access them online from your smartphone, tablet, or computer. Since Z-wave is a leading home automation standard technology, many of your Nexia-enabled products will work on other home automation systems. How many products can I enroll. The Nexia Home Bridge can hold and control over 200 Z-wave products, allowing it to connect to nearly every function and area of your home. Is Nexia secure. To ensure security, Nexia communications are fully encrypted with AES128 encryption standards similar to online banking.
We have our system regularly tested by third-party experts to minimize vulnerabilities. How reliable is this system. Wireless communications operate very well, but are never 100% perfect.
And, like any technology, there can be brief interruptions in Nexia service. However, Nexia is committed to ongoing improvements in reliability, and will communicate updates during any service interruptions. How far is the range of communication with Nexia. For Z-Wave, the typical indoor communication range is 30-50 feet between two devices.
Z-Wave repeaters, such as the Schlage Home Dimmer Module, extend the range of your Nexia Home Bridge by up to 50 feet, bridging the gap between devices that are too far apart to communicate. One of the benefits of Z-wave is the mesh network. This means that devices in your home can pass the signal to each other to reach across your home. The more Z-wave devices you add in your home, the stronger your network becomes. Is Nexia difficult to install. Nexia is a true do-it-yourself system.
Setting up the system in a home requires the same technical skills as setting up a computer and wireless router. In fact, we take pride in the fact that, compared to most home automation systems, Nexia is simple to set up and install.
We provide step-by-step account setup wizards, installation videos, and reference documents to help you through the process. If you have questions, you can call our subscriber support team at 1-877-288-7707 for assistance. I am concerned about products becoming obsolete. What should I think about Nexia. We understand your concern.
After all, it seems like newer, more advanced versions of computers, laptops and smartphones are being released all the time. Nexia is "cloud-based" so we can push updates over the internet to your system and products so they always have the latest firmware and features. Since those updates are automatic, that helps to ensure you always have the latest technology without having to worry about updating your system. Additionally, that's one of the reasons we chose to build Nexia with Z-Wave technology. Z-Wave has been around for several years and is used by today's leading brands in the home. Because of its interoperability, Z-Wave will likely be compatible with any many new technology advancements.
In situations where that's not the case, we can integrate with partner products via the cloud as we are already doing today. Will Z-Wave products from another home automation system work with Nexia. Yes, all Z-Wave products are generally compatible with Nexia. However, not all of the features of a product are guaranteed to be supported. Make sure to check the level of compatibility on the Compatible Products page.
What mobile platforms are compatible with Nexia. Nexia mobile apps are available for:.
Apple iPhone, iPad and other iOS WiFi devices. Google Android smartphones and tablets. Microsoft Windows Phone.
Nexia is compatible with most common browsers, including Windows Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome and Apple Safari. Getting Started.
What is the Nexia Bridge and why do I need it. We call it the Nexia "Bridge" because it bridges your home to the cloud and to all the connected Z-Wave products within it. The bridge translates messages from your Z-Wave home products to your Nexia account. If a product is not Z-Wave-enabled* it will not require the bridge; however since the majority of Nexia-compatible products do use Z-Wave to communicate, you'll most likely or eventually need a bridge.
*The Nexia-compatible indoor and outdoor cameras and some of the compatible smart thermostats use Wi-Fi to communicate. However, in order to allow these products to communicate with other smart products in your house, you will need the Nexia Bridge. You will be prompted to activate your service when you set up your products in your Nexia account. Instructions will be included with your products. Please visit www. mynexia.
com to activate your account. Is there a trial period. Yes, we offer a 30-day trial period to all news subscribers. What do I need to set-up Nexia. Nexia™ Home Intelligence is smart enough to make setup simple.
What you need to get set up:. Active broadband internet connection. Router with at least one available port* (not necessary with the new Trane XL824 or American Standard Gold XV thermostats).
Computer with internet access for initial setup. A compatible smartphone or tablet in order to use your mobile devices for remote features. Nexia Bridge or Trane XL824 thermostat or American Standard Gold XV thermostat. What are the Nexia system requirements. To setup Nexia, you will need the following items available:.
The Nexia Bridge connects all the Z-Wave devices in the home on the Nexia system to the Internet. Essentially, it "bridges" the home automation network to the Internet. It is the hub of the home and manages communications between your connected products and you. Life with Nexia.
How do I expand my system. Expanding your Nexia system is easy! It's truly a system you can make your own.
Add products at any time. Simply purchase them, such as through Amazon. Build. com or your local Trane or American Standard Heating & Cooling dealer and enroll the products with your Nexia Bridge.
Once your account is created, follow the on screen instructions and tutorials available through your account in the Nexia web portal. There are many compatible products available from leading and trusted brands like GE, Schlage, Trane, American Standard, and Leviton with many more to come. Your Nexia Bridge can hold over 200 Z-Wave and Wi-Fi devices so you can add locks, lighting controls, cameras, small appliance controls, thermostats, garage door controllers, sensors. and the list keeps growing. How many homes can I have on my account. There is no practical limit to the number of homes that can be on your account. Some customers with multiple rental and vacation properties have more than 30 homes on a single account.
(Note that each home is subject to the $9. 99 monthly subscription. What kind of alerts can I get on my smartphone. You can create text or email alerts to keep you connected to what is going on at home.
Alerts can be created and managed individually so can customize Nexia to fit your life. Example: Mom receives a text when Susie gets home from school and Dad receives an email when it is time to change the furnace filter. Activity or motion -- when door/window or motion sensors detect activity. Door access -- anytime anyone enters a door code.
Tamper alerts -- if the wrong lock code is entered or activity is detected at the door. Bridge disconnect and reconnect -- notices whenever power/Internet goes off or turns back on. Low battery reminders -- when the batteries in door locks are running low. Furnace filter change reminders -- when it is time to change your HVAC filter. Temperature alerts -- if the temperature is out of range. How can I use Nexia to make my home more energy-efficient. Nexia can help you manage and reduce your consumption.
Here are a few examples:. Program thermostat to adjust the temperature while you are gone (Trane Home Energy Management Thermostat). Use motion sensors to turn lights off and on (Schlage Home Motion Sensor + Schlage Home Dimmer Module). Turn off unwanted lights after you are gone (GE Z-wave Light Switches). Adjust thermostat from phone so you come home to comfortable house (American Standard Silver XM control). How can I use Nexia to make my home more secure.
Nexia gives you peace of mind when it comes to safeguarding your home and the people and possessions in them. With a Nexia Bridge and Nexia paying subscription, you can:. Receive text or email alerts when codes are entered in lock (Schlage Home Keypad or Touchscreen Lock). Create an automation that triggers the camera to record video if activity is detected at the door (Schlage Keypad or Touchscreen Lock + Wireless Outdoor Camera). Schedule lights to come on when you are gone or when it is dark to give your home that "lived-in look" (Z-wave Light Switch, Dimmer or Appliance Module or Z-Wave LED Light Bulbs). Schedule lights to turn on before coming home so you always enter a well-lit house (Z-wave Light Switch, Dimmer or Appliance Module, or Z-Wave LED Light Bulbs). Receive text or email alert when activity is detected (Schlage Motion Sensor + Schlage Door/Window Sensor or Multi-Sensors).
Create an automation to have lights turn on and camera record video of activity is detected while you are gone (HD Indoor Camera + Schlage Motion Sensor + GE Z-wave Light Switch). Review event log of who is accessing lock so you always know who is coming and going (Schlage Touchscreen Deadbolt). Be sure that your garage door is closed when you aren't home (Linear Z-Wave Garage Door Controller). Warn intruders if the home is entered when no one is expected (Linear Siren and Strobe Light + Schlage Motion Sensor, Schlage Door/Window Sensor or Multi-Sensors). Schedule lock access codes for housekeeper or service people to only be active at specific times (Schlage Touchscreen Deadbolt). What happens if my Internet/power go out? Is there battery backup. If your power goes out, the Nexia Home Bridge will not be able to communicate with the Nexia-enabled devices in your home, so you won't be able to remotely control the system until power is reinstated.
There is no compromise to security when the power in your house is interrupted—all the security devices stay in their current state, you just cannot remotely access them. Additionally, your system will maintain all of the settings previously programmed into the account so nothing will have to be reprogrammed once power returns. Special note on Schlage Locks: Schlage Home Keypad locks with Nexia Home Intelligence function on standard, everyday batteries so you can operate them even if your home's power/internet goes out.
The "always active" codes are stored in the lock and can be used even if the power is out. The Nexia apps show the battery status of Schlage locks and typical battery life is longer than a year. More specific questions about Nexia or the products you already own or thinking of purchasing? Check the topics below:. Appliance and Dimmer Modules. It's easy to use the Dimmer Module.
You simply plug it into the wall and plug your lamp into the light module. You need Nexia Bridge to enroll the Dimmer Module and an active Nexia™ Home Intelligence subscription in order to use the remote management features. Yes, if you are just building your Nexia system, we recommend including an Appliance or Dimmer Module with the purchase of your Nexia Bridge.
The Appliance or Dimmer Module will help extend the range of your Bridge by up to 50 feet so that you have stronger communication between your products and Nexia, and can reach products in more places in your home. Will the Appliance and Dimmer Modules work with any type of light. The Dimmer Module will work with all standard incandescent lighting and some compact fluorescent or LED lights, but we rec ommend checking the lighting packaging to determine compatibility. The Appliance Module will turn any type of lights on and off. Archives for Trane Home Energy Management Thermostat Nexia.
YES. Multiple Nexia compatible thermostats can be independently controlled and operated with your account. YES. In most cases the Trane® Home Energy Management Thermostat can be successfully completed as a do-it-yourself project.
However, there are a wide variety of heating and air conditioning systems, which may add complexity in some cases. If you are unsure about any step of the installation, you should contact a professional heating and air conditioning contractor for assistance. YES.
As an example, you can set up your thermostat so that entering your code into a Schlage Home Keypad Lock could automatically adjust your Trane Home Energy Management or American Standard Acculink® thermostat to a preferred temperature setting when you arrive home. YES.
The Trane Home Energy Management Thermostat can be programmed for up to four temperature changes per day. Multiple unique daily schedules can be created.
Each daily schedule can be applied to one or more days of the week. Setting the schedule is easily accomplished from your Nexia account. Alternatively, scheduling can also be programmed locally at the thermostat. Your Trane Home Energy Management Thermostat is not dependent on the Internet and will continue to heat or cool your home based upon the schedule and thermostat settings you selected.
All thermostat settings available in your Nexia account can also be changed at the thermostat. However, thermostat schedules defined in your Nexia account will not operate until the Internet or Z-Wave communication problem has been resolved. What type of alerts will the Trane® Home Energy Management Thermostat provide.
With an active Nexia account, the Trane Home Energy Management Thermostat can provide text message and email alerts including: filter change reminders, out-of-range temperature alerts, thermostat keypad changes, and maintenance reminders. With which types of HVAC systems will the Trane® Home Energy Management Thermostat work. The Trane® Home Energy Management Thermostat will work with most brands of the following types of systems:. Gas furnace – Single stage and multi stage. Electric furnace or air handler. Electric cooling.
Electric heat pump – Single stage or two stage or two speed. Indoor and Outdoor Cameras.
Are the cameras compatible with other home automation systems. At this time, the Indoor and Outdoor Cameras are only compatible with Nexia Home Intelligence and not with other home automation systems. Can I install more than one camera onto my Nexia account. Yes.
You can add as many cameras as you want to your Nexia account. The Outdoor Security Camera is designed for both indoor and outdoor use. Please see the technical specifications for extreme temperatures. However, the Indoor Camera is not recommended for outdoor use. Can I use cameras from other manufacturers.
Not at this time. The Schlage and Nexia Indoor and Outdoor Cameras are designed to provide a secure video connection, along with easy plug and play installation, not currently available with other cameras. A Nexia Bridge is not required for use of the camera.
The camera is a Wi-Fi device and will connect directly to your router. (Note: A bridge is required to control Z-Wave devices such as locks, thermostats, and sensors.
You will need a monthly subscription to Nexia™ Home Intelligence to use the remote management features of the camera via your smartphone, tablet or internet. Is pan/tilt/zoom available. Not at this time. Yes. The Internet-enabled camera connected to Nexia™ Home Intelligence will show live video via the Nexia mobile app or web app.
The frame rate will be approximately 8 - 10 frames per second. Is the video secure. Yes. Through your Nexia Home Intelligence subscription, the camera creates a secure connection directly to the video server.
Is video recording available. Yes, in addition to live video, stored videos can be viewed using your Nexia web app at MyNexia. com or mobile app. Videos can also be downloaded to your local storage device (hard drive). And, you can use "Automations" to configure your camera to record events automatically. A standard Nexia subscription comes with 250 MB of video storage and 4 minutes of video recording.
If you require more recording storage you can upgrade to up to 2 additional gigabytes for $1. 99 per gigabyte. When used as a wireless camera, do I still need to plug the camera into power. Yes. The camera's Wi-Fi connection allows you to locate throughout your house without needing a network cable, However, the camera will need to be plugged into to an outlet for power. What is the Nexia Bridge and why do I need it.
We call it the Nexia "Bridge" because it bridges your home to the cloud and to all the connected Z-Wave products within it. The bridge translates messages from your Z-Wave home products to your Nexia account. If a product is not Z-Wave-enabled* it will not require the bridge; however since the majority of Nexia-compatible products do use Z-Wave to communicate, you'll most likely or eventually need a bridge.
*The Nexia-compatible indoor and outdoor cameras and some of the compatible smart thermostats use Wi-Fi to communicate. However, in order to allow these products to communicate with other smart products in your house, you will need the Nexia Bridge. Do I need the Nexia Bridge for my Nexia™ Home Intelligence system to work. If you install any Z-Wave products in your home, then yes, the Bridge is what enables all of your products to "speak" to each other and links them to your Nexia subscription where you may enjoy remote access and control of your Nexia devices. *A bridge is not required if you have the new Trane XL824 or American Standard Gold XV thermostats.
The bridges are actually inside of these thermostats, so no need to purchase a separate one. Schlage Home Keypad Lock. Since you can create, activate and deactivate individual codes, they are actually more secure than keys which can be lost or duplicated. Since Nexia™ Home Intelligence utilizes the internet, you can use this solution anywhere you have access to the internet, from most smartphones or other mobile devices. Yes, there is a manual override. Just like any other lock, this one comes with regular keys that can be used anytime—regardless of whether or not there is an Internet connection, the power is on, or the battery has failed. The keys will always work.
YES. The ability to control your devices via web site and cell phone will be terminated if you cancel your Nexia account. For the Schlage Keypad Lever, you can remotely unlock the door by clicking the "Activate" button on the Nexia web or mobile app. For the Schlage Keypad Deadbolt, you can also remotely activate the lock; however, you need to physically turn the thumb-turn. Since door frames are not always perfectly aligned and a deadbolt can require more leverage to engage or disengage, the deadbolt requires manual operation.
Since Schlage Home Keypad Locks or Touchscreen Locks are designed to use very little battery power to operate, the batteries included should last approximately 2 years depending on usage. There is a battery life indicator on the lock itself, as well as on your Nexia web account. You can also program Nexia to send email or text alerts when the batteries are low. Currently, you can have up to 19 unique four-digit codes active at the same time. The mechanical and electronic features of the Schlage Home Keypad Lock will function even if you cancel your subscription. The user codes are stored in the lock and will not be deleted unless you deliberately delete them and you can reprogram the codes manually. If the Internet is not accessible, can I still get into my house.
YES. The keypad operates on battery power, so it still works when there is no internet connection. You can also use the included key.
The only thing you cannot do, if there is no internet connection, is access your Nexia web account and remotely monitor the system. What if I move, can I take my Nexia system with me. YES. As long as your new home has high-speed Internet access, you can use Nexia. Nexia does not store any physical location information. The Schlage® Home Keypad Locks can easily be removed and reinstalled at your new home.
Schlage Touchscreen Deadbolt Lock. Since you can create, activate and deactivate individual codes, they are actually more secure than keys which can be lost or duplicated.
Can I control the system from any location. Since Nexia™ Home Intelligence utilizes the internet, you can use this solution anywhere you have access to the internet, from most smartphones or other mobile devices. Deadbolt Programming. Does the door need to be closed while programming the lock.
No. The deadbolt needs to be extended so that "Lock & Leave" does not cause problems and the door can be open with the bolt extended. How do I know if I'm in programming mode. The yellow light blinks when waiting for a programming menu choice.
It turns to a solid yellow light when a choice has been made. Press outside the Schlage button anytime to exit programming. Do I need to use the keypad or is there a manual override. Yes, there is a manual override.
Just like any other lock, this one comes with regular keys that can be used anytime—regardless of whether or not there is an Internet connection, the power is on, or the battery has failed. The keys will always work. How do I control my Touchscreen Deadbolt Lock remotely. For the Schlage Touchscreen deadbolt, you can remotely lock and unlock the door by clicking the "Lock" or "Unlock" button on the Nexia web or mobile app. A common automation for the Touchscreen Deadbolt is a daily schedule to lock doors.
For example, every day at 7pm, front door and back door locks. User Codes for the Touchscreen Deadbolt. If I change the code length, does that remove the default codes. Yes. However, the default codes will be restored if the lock is subjected to factory default reset. Since the User Code length is variable, from 4 - 8 characters, will this affect the enrollment of the lock to the bridge.
No effect. The enrollment process uses the programming code and is just a way for the lock & bridge to handshake.
PIN length has no impact on this process. Can the Nexia web app manage new 4-8 digit codes. Yes – all existing locks will continue to be fixed at 4 digits.
But the web app will adjust for the Touchscreen Deadbolt to accommodate longer codes if you have selected this. Will there need to be two different user codes if someone has a 4-digit code on the old locks and a longer user code on the Touch Screen Deadbolt.
Yes. The legacy locks are fixed at 4 digits. So if you increase the PIN length of the new lock, there would be two different code lengths. Do I need to press the Schlage key every time to enter a code.
Can I have more codes if I only use 4-digits per code. No. The limit is 30 codes regardless of length.


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For years now I've been hearing and reading some good stories about the Tucson Trails, and although I had tried a couple of times to fit Tucson into my list of destinations, it never panned out.. until this time. While on one of the Moab Trails in October, I got talking with two fellow Mountain Bikers [ Doug & Bill ] They were a wealth of information about Mountain Biking Trails throughout the USA, which also included the Tucson Trails. As luck has it, when I arrived in Tucson I … [Read more...]
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Mountain Biking the Tucson Trails
April 7, 2012 by Rip3d Leave a Comment
Filed Under: Mountain Bike Trails Tagged With: bet, brain, death wish, desert trails, dessert, fellow, friendly place, handful, intel, moab trails, mountain bikers, mountain biking trails, navigation skills, previous years, rv park, slider, slime, spare tubes