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Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research
versión On-line ISSN 2219-0635
versión impresa ISSN 0030-2465
Onderstepoort j. vet. res. vol.81 no.1 Pretoria ene. 2014
Functional morphology of the brain of the African giant pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus Waterhouse, 1840)
Chikera S. Ibe; Barth I. Onyeanusi; Joseph O. Hambolu
Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria
A gross morphological study of the brain of the African giant pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus Waterhouse, 1840) was undertaken in order to document its normal features and assess the structure-function paradigm. The study was conducted by direct observation of 29 adult African giant pouched rats' brains. In the telencephalon, the cerebral cortex was devoid of prominent gyri and sulci, but the large olfactory bulb and tract relaying impulses to the olfactory cortex were very prominent. The large size of the olfactory bulb correlated with the established sharp olfactory acuity of the rodent. In the mesencephalic tectum, the caudal colliculi were bigger than the rostral colliculi, indicating a more acute sense of hearing than sight. In the metencephalon, the cerebellar vermis, the flocculus and the paraflocculus were highly coiled and, thus, well developed. The myelencephalon revealed a better organised ventral surface than dorsal surface; the cuneate fascicle, the intermediate sulcus and the lateral sulcus were not evident on the dorsal surface, but there were clearly visible pyramids and olivary prominence on the ventral surface. In conclusion, the highly coiled cerebellar vermis, flocculus and paraflocculus, as well as the conspicuous pyramids and olivary prominence are indicative of a good motor coordination and balance in the African giant pouched rat.
The brain is the control centre of the vital activities that are necessary for survival. It receives sensory impulses from the sensory organs through the spinal cord and cranial nerves, processes these impulses and initiates motor outputs to effector organs. Thus, the brain is the organ that is specialised in coordinating activities in relation to changes in the internal and external environments.
The adult brain is divided into the forebrain (telencephalon and diencephalon), midbrain (mesencephalon) and hindbrain (metencephalon and myelencephalon). The brain can also be divided into the cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem. The cerebrum attaches to the brainstem by the cerebral peduncles, while the cerebellum attaches to the brainstem by the cerebellar peduncles. The cerebrum is the main constituent of the telencephalon, while the thalamus, epithalamus, metathalamus and hypothalamus make up the diencephalon (Delahunta & Glass 2009). The metencephalon is made up of the cerebellum and the pons, also called pons Varolii after Costanzo Varolio (1543-1575), the Italian anatomist who discovered it (Tubbs et al. 2008). The myelencephalon is composed of the medulla oblongata and caudal portion of the fourth ventricle (Darly 1965; Wingerd 1988). The cerebrospinal fluid, which provides mechanical protection and nourishment to the brain, circulates through the two lateral ventricles in the telencephalon, the third ventricle in the diencephalon and the fourth ventricle in the hindbrain.
The macroscopic appearance of the brain differs in mammals, depending on their different adaptations and lifestyles. For example, animals that lack brachiation as a mode of locomotion, such as members of the order Artiodactyla, lack a visible olivary body (Adogwa 1985; Ghaji 1983; Marsden & Rowland 1965).
The African giant pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus Waterhouse, 1840) has been successfully used to detect land mines in Mozambique (Mott 2004) and diagnose tuberculosis in Europe (Maggie 2003). It is able to do this because of its high acuity of olfaction, which is a function of the rhinencephalon. Also, the poor sense of sight of the rodent, which is a reason for its nocturnal behaviour, has been attributed to the small rostral colliculi, relative to the caudal colliculi (Ibe et al. 2010). There is lack of information on the functional morphology of the brain of the African giant pouched rat. Therefore, the aim of this research was to study the gross morphology of the brain of the African giant pouched rat and propose some of its morpho-functional paradigms.
Materials and methods
Experimental animals and management
Twenty-nine captive and clinically healthy adult African giant pouched rats were used for this study. The animals were captured live from the wild in Kaduna State, Nigeria, using locally made traps. The traps were made of galvanised metal and were 1.3 m x 0.3 m x 0.1 m in dimension. The rats were transported by road in laboratory cages to the animal pen of the Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria; they were acclimatised for one month before the commencement of the experiment. During this period, they were physically examined in the cage under careful restraint. Only healthy rats were utilised for this study. The animals were given access to food and drinking water ad libitum throughout the experimental period.
Brain extraction and gross morphological assessment
The body weight of each rat was obtained using a digital electronic balance (Citizen Scales [1] PVT Ltd., Switzerland), with a sensitivity of 0.01 g. Immediately after chloroform euthanasia in a closed container, physiologic saline solution was used to perfuse the brain through the common carotid artery, in order to flush the brain free of blood. This procedure was immediately followed by perfusion of the brain with 10% phosphate-buffered formalin. Each skull was exposed after skinning and stripping off all the facial muscles within 30 minutes of euthanasia. Craniotomy, through the calvaria, exposed the dura mater, which was cut with a pair of curved pointed scissors. The falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli were both pulled from the longitudinal and transverse fissures of the brain, respectively, by gentle traction. The cerebral vein was cut with a pair of sharp scissors. At this stage, the brain (still within the cranium) was fixed in 10% phosphate-buffered formalin for three days; this was done to facilitate its easy extraction according to the method of Ramaswamy (1978) (using delicate rongeurs, spatulas, forceps and scissors). The extracted brain was then examined and found to be devoid of any macroscopic pathology. The structural characteristics of the different components of the brain were examined with the naked eye. These included their shape, size, surfaces, borders and angles. The presence or absence of sulci, fissures or prominences was also evaluated. Finally, the projections of the different cranial nerves from the myelencephalon were observed with both the naked eye and with the aid of a hand lens. Definitions of gross anatomical structures were based on standard information on rodent anatomy (Parker & Haswell 1974; Olds & Olds 1979; Suckow, Weisbroth & Franklin 2006). Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria (2005) was used for the nomenclature.
The gross anatomical features observed in the present study were consistent in all brain samples that were dissected.
On a dorsal view of the intact brain (Figure 1), the two cerebral hemispheres or neocortex were distinctly divided by a longitudinal fissure and separated from the cerebellum by a transverse fissure. Each neocortex was large, diamond-shaped, narrow rostrally and wider caudally. It was devoid of prominent gyri and sulci; however, the bulging of the frontal lobe was evident. The olfactory bulbs were also very prominent and visible from the dorsal view. They were roughly pyramidal in shape.
On a ventral view (Figure 2), the large olfactory bulbs and tracts relaying impulses to the olfactory cortex were evident. The olfactory nerve fibres, which were rostral to the bulbs, could not be accessed due to their position in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bones. The large size of the olfactory bulbs was of interest, owing to their importance in the sense of smell of the rodent. The olfactory bulbs gave off the medial, lateral and middle olfactory tracts that conveyed sensory impulses to the olfactory cortex (Figure 2: B, C and D). The lateral olfactory tracts continued into their ipsilateral pyriform lobes (Figure 2: I).
On a dorsal view of the brainstem, the medial surface of the thalamus formed the lateral boundary of the third ventricle (Figure 3: B and C). Caudal to the thalamus and lateral to the rostral colliculus was a small protuberance, the lateral geniculate body. The caudal border of the thalamus was wider than the rostral border, thus overlapping the rostral colliculus and occluding the lateral geniculate body from the dorsal view of the brainstem (Figure 3). The rostral colliculus was continuous with the lateral geniculate body through its brachium. Below the lateral geniculate body and lateral to the caudal colliculus was the medial geniculate body (Figure 3: F). The caudal colliculus was also continuous bilaterally with the medial geniculate body through its brachium. However, the brachia were not clearly visible. The lateral geniculate body was apparently more distinct than the medial geniculate body. The geniculate bodies made up the metathalamus of the diencephalon. The pineal gland (part of the epithalamus) was very small in the African giant pouched rat.
Ventrally (Figure 2), the paired optic nerves (cranial nerve [CN] II) united at the optic chiasma and gave off optic tracts that ran on the rostral boarder of the tuber cinerium. They were the fourth largest diameter cranial nerve after the trigeminal nerve (CN V), facial nerve (CN VII) and olfactory nerve (CN I) in all of the dissected animals. The oculomotor nerve (CN III) and trochlear nerve (CN IV) were lost during dissection due to their minute size. The mamillary bodies (Figure 2: L) were relatively large, interposed between the pyriform lobes laterally, related to the optic chiasma rostrally, and separated from the pons by the cerebral peduncle and the mesencephalon in its caudal portion.
Dorsally, the mesencephalon separated the third ventricle from the fourth ventricle (Figure 3), while ventrally it extended from the caudal portion of the mamillary body to the most rostral part of the pons (Figure 2). The mesencephalic aqueduct passed through the midbrain and connected the third ventricle cranially to the fourth ventricle caudally. The mesencephalic tectum formed the roof of the mesencephalon. It was composed of the corpora quadrigemina. Rostral to the corpora quadrigemina was the third ventricle and caudal to the corpora quadrigemina was the fourth ventricle (Figure 3). The eminence of the corpora quadrigemina was composed of a pair of rostral colliculi and a pair of caudal colliculi (Figure 3: D and E); a transverse fissure separated both. A longitudinal fissure separated each pair of colliculi. The caudal colliculi were oval in shape, while the rostral colliculi were conical. The caudal colliculi were visibly bigger than the rostral colliculi. On the dorsal view of the intact brain, the caudal colliculi were visible through the transverse fissure (Figure 1: D), which was suggestive of their large size relative to the rostral colliculi.
On sagittal view of the brain (Figure 4) the corpus callosum was well developed, broad and sickle-shaped; it was well delineated into the rostrum, genu, truncus and splenium (Figure 4: D, E, F and G). Also, on this view the rostral colliculi and the rostral part of the caudal colliculi were covered by the cerebral cortex, while the transverse cerebral fissure exposed the caudal half of the caudal colliculi. The commissural fibres of the colliculi were not prominent. This view also showed that the rostral colliculi were smaller than the caudal colliculi (Figure 4: J and K). The mesencephalic tegmentum formed the floor of the mesencephalon (Figure 4: L), while the substantial nigra separated the tectum from the tegmentum.
On dorsal view of the intact brain (Figure 1), the cerebellum was very distinct and secondary to the cerebrum in size. The cerebellar hemisphere was highly coiled with a distinct unpaired vermis; the paired flocculus, with its lateral accessory part, the paraflocculus, was also paired (Figure 1: H, G and F). This depicted a well-developed cerebellum. The arbor vitae, which constitutes the white matter component of the cerebellar folia, was distinct (Figure 4: a). The vermis was the largest cerebellar lobe, while the flocculus was larger than the paraflocculus. On this view, the cerebellum completely covered the fourth ventricle, forming the roof of the ventricle, thus rendering it invisible. On a sagittal view of the vermis (Figure 4: T), the rostral lobe was divided by fissures into the following lobules: the lingula (Figure 4: c), the central lobule (Figure 4: d) and the culmen (Figure 4: e). The caudal lobe was divided into the following lobules: declive (Figure 4: g); fused folium and tuber (Figure 4: h); fused pyramis and uvula (Figure 4: j); and the nodulus (Figure 4: b), which was separated from the uvula by the uvulonodularis fissure (Figure 4: R).
The pons of the African giant pouched rat was almost inconspicuous. However, it was observed as a transverse band of nerve fibre caudal to the cerebral crus and rostral to the trapezoid body on the ventral surface of the brain (Figure 2: O). Caudally, it formed part of the rostral part of the rhomboid fossa. It was pre-trigeminal, as the large trigeminal nerve emerged from the brainstem caudolateral to the pons and rostral to the trapezoid body (Figure 2: N1, O and P)
The myelencephalon extended from the point of the nuchal flexure, which is caudal to the pyramidal decussation, to the pontomedullary junction. These were the convenient landmarks for isolating the myelencephalon. The central canal of the spinal cord continued rostrally to the medulla oblongata. In the upper half of the myelencephalon, it continued dorsally as the cavity of the fourth ventricle. The myelencephalon was conical in shape, its broad extremity being directed rostrally; it was compressed dorsoventrally. Its ventral surface rested on the basilar portion of the occipital bone, while the dorsal surface was partly covered by the cerebellum. It created an impression on the occipital bone.
On dorsal view, the most medial part of the myelencephalon was the dorsal median sulcus, which was faintly visible (Figure 1: J). The dorsal median sulcus continued on the floor of the fourth ventricle, where it was more visible than in the closed part of the myelencephalon. It divided the myelencephalon into symmetrical halves. In the medulla oblongata, on either side of the dorsal median sulcus the gracile fasciculus was faintly visible. The cuneate fasciculus, the dorsal intermediate sulcus, the lateral funiculus and the dorsal lateral sulcus were not macroscopically visible. Rostral to the gracile fasciculus and directly caudal to the obex was the tubercle of gracile nucleus. This tubercle contributed to the caudal border of the floor of the fourth ventricle. The tubercle of the cuneate nucleus was not prominent. The obex (Figure 3: K) marked the end of the fourth ventricle and the beginning of the central canal. Rostral to the obex was the rhomboid fossa, which was separated into two equal halves by the dorsal median sulcus. The rhomboid fossa, which formed the floor of the fourth ventricle, tapered into the calamus scriptorius rostrally and closed into the central canal at the obex caudally. It was bounded laterally by an inconspicuous sulcus limitans. However, at its greatest width, it extended laterally as the canalis comminicans into the lateral recess. A convex prominence, corresponding to the underlying vestibular nucleus, was evident between the sulcus limitans medially and the medial cerebellar peduncles laterally. The hypoglossal trigone and vagal trigone were not visible.
On ventral view, the most rostral part of the myelencephalon was the prominent trapezoid body (Figure 2: P). The most medial part was the ventral median fissure (Figure 2: V). On either side of the ventral median fissure was the prominent pyramid (Figure 2: W). The olivary prominence was situated lateral to each of the pyramids, from which it was separated by the ventral lateral sulcus. The deep ventral lateral sulcus was indicative of the prominent pyramids. The olivary prominence was also distinct (Figure 2: R). Between the rostral end of this prominence and the trapezoid body, there was a slight depression, corresponding to the pre-olivary sulcus. Caudal to the olivary prominence was the post-olivary sulcus. The rootlets of nerves that emerged from these sulci were lost during dissection, thus, could not be evaluated. Rostrally, the pyramids ended at the pontomedullary junction. The basal pons served as the landmark for identifying the pontomedullary junction. The transverse bundle of fibres that made up the trapezoid body was parallel to the pons and was immediately caudal to it. Caudally, the medulla oblongata could be differentiated from the spinal cord by the prominent transverse depression caudal to the pyramidal decussation at the level of the foramen magnum.
Ethical considerations
The procedure for the research project was approved by the Ethical Committee of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. The housing and management of the animals were in accordance with that stated in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th edition, National Research Council, USA, downloaded from the National Academic Press, Washington D.C. (http://www.nap.edu/).
In the present study, apart from the frontal lobe, the cerebral hemisphere in the African giant pouched rat lacked prominent gyri and sulci. The absence of prominent neocortical sulci placed the African giant pouched rat brain in the lissencephalic group. A similar lissencephalic brain has been reported in some sciuromorphs and myomorphs by Pilleri, Gihr and Kraus (1984) and in hystricomorphs by Dozo, Vucetich and Candela (2004). The African giant pouched rat has a large diamond-shaped neocortex, as recorded in the present study. Nzalak et al. (2008) recorded a neocortex ratio (relative neocortex weight) of 66% in this rodent. This value is within the range of neocortex ratios for primates, as stipulated by Dunbar (1996) who also stated that the neocortex ratio might serve as a measure of cognitive function in animals. This implies that the sense of reasoning and intelligence may be high in the African giant pouched rat, as is found in some primates.
Well-developed olfactory bulbs were observed in the present study; they were visible from the dorsal view of the intact brain, although they are structures located on the ventral surface of the brain. The conspicuous olfactory bulbs observed in the present study agreed with the findings of Nzalak et al. (2008). In some mammals, such as elephants (Shoshani, Kupsky & Marchant 2006), the olfactory bulbs are small and therefore not visible from the dorsal view of intact brain; while in other mammals, such as whales (Marino et al. 2003), olfactory structures are absent. According to the morphometric analysis reported by Nzalak et al. (2008), the olfactory bulbs of the adult African giant pouched rat are longer than those of the adult African grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus). Rombaux et al. (2006) emphasised that the size of the olfactory bulb is a good indication of the acuity of olfaction in an individual. This may be one of the reasons why the African giant pouched rat is used to detect landmines and diagnose tuberculosis by odour perception. The rodent may also rely heavily on its olfaction, since the sense of sight is poorly developed (Morris 1963; Ajayi 1975; Smithers 1985; Ibe et al. 2010).
The present study shows that the caudal colliculi are macroscopically bigger than the rostral colliculi in the African giant pouched rat. Ibe et al. (2010) showed that the difference in height as well as in diameter of the colliculi in the African giant pouched rat was very highly significant (p < 0.001); the caudal colliculi is wider and higher than the rostral colliculi.
The rostral colliculi are bigger than the caudal colliculi in the rabbit (Bensley 2009), dog (Meyer 1964), calf (Schmidt et al. 2009), donkey (Oto & Haziroglu 2009) and camel (Adogwa 1985; Mensah-Brown & Garey 2006), while the caudal colliculi are bigger than the rostral colliculi in the pig (Getty 1975) and cetaceans (Marino et al. 2003). McFerland, Morgane and Jacobs (1969) reported that the caudal colliculi are enlarged in species using ecolocation. This implies that the acoustic system of this nocturnal rodent may be more efficient than the visual system.
The present study shows a well-developed vermis in the cerebellum of the African giant pouched rat, which is indicative of good motor coordination and balance. Despite the greater brain weight of the African grasscutter relative to that of the African giant pouched rat, as reported by Nzalak et al. (2008), the cerebellum weighs relatively more in the African giant pouched rat than in the African grasscutter. The authors recorded a relative weight of 14.0% and 12.5% in the cerebellum of the African giant pouched rat and African grasscutter, respectively. The authors also reported a relatively higher cerebellar length in the African giant pouched rat (23.0%) than in the African grasscutter (20.3%). Thus, the cerebellum of the African giant pouched rat is more developed than that of the African grasscutter, which may confer more-efficient motor coordination and balance in the African giant pouched rat than in the African grasscutter.
The pons in the African giant pouched rat, as observed in the present study, is small. According to Masdern and Rowland (1965), the relative sizes of the pons indicate the functional significance of the cortico-pontine and striato-pontine pathways. They also reported that the pons increases in size and complexity, reaching maximum development in primates. This progressive phylogenetic increase explains the inconspicuous pons observed in the study, as rodents are among the first orders of the eutherian mammals (Parker & Heswell 1974). Masdern and Rowland (1965) reported that the pons is post-trigeminal in monotremes and pre-trigeminal in marsupials and most species of lower eutherian orders. This is in agreement with the present study in which the pons of the African giant pouched rat, a lower eutherian order, is pretrigeminal.
The macroscopic appearance of the myelencephalon of the African giant pouched rat in the present study is similar to that of other rodents, but with slight variations. Potter and Brueck (1958) reported that the medulla oblongata in the guinea pig is almost completely covered by the cerebellum. This differs from the result obtained in the present study for the African giant pouched rat in which the cerebellum covered only the rostral part of the myelencephalon. The most striking observation of the myelencephalon in the present study was the absence of distinct cuneate fascicle, dorsal lateral sulcus and dorsal intermediate sulcus on the dorsal surface and the presence of macroscopically visible structures on the ventral surface. Thus, the ventral surface of the myelencephalon may be more developed than the dorsal surface.
In the present study, olivary prominence was observed on the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata in the African giant pouched rat. Marsden and Rowland (1965) reported that olivary prominence is absent in Artiodactyla; but highly developed in primates, especially man. Ghaji (1983) and Adogwa (1985) reported the absence of this prominence in the camel (an Artiodactyl). The presence of the olivary prominence in the present study contributes to the good motor coordination and balance in the African giant pouched rat.
The present study showed that pyramids are macroscopically visible on the ventral medulla oblongata of the African giant pouched rat. Voogd (1998) recorded inconspicuous pyramids in ungulates. The macroscopically visible pyramids are important in fine motor control of the distal limbs (Jennings 2004). Therefore, the ability of the African giant pouched rat to maintain balance only on the hind limbs for a reasonable time, especially when fighting, may be a consequence of the developed pyramids that control motor impulses to the hind limbs.
The present study has provided some useful information on the macroscopic appearance of the brain of the adult African giant pouched rat in relation to its functions. The study will be of benefit in understanding some of the behaviours of the rodent, which are necessary for its domestication.
The authors wish to acknowledge the leading contributions of Professors S.A. Ojo and J.O. Ayo of the Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and Veterinary Physiology, respectively, of the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no financial or personal relationships that may have inappropriately influenced them in writing this article.
Authors' contributions
C.S.I. (Ahmadu Bello University) obtained the animals and conducted the research in the departmental laboratory. B.I.O. (Ahmadu Bello University) supervised the research and edited the manuscript. J.O.H. (Ahmadu Bello University) supervised the research and edited the manuscript.
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Voogd, J., 1998, 'Mammals', in R. Nieuwenhuys, P.A.M. Van Dongen, H.J.N. Donkelaar & C. Nicholson (eds.), The Central Nervouse System of Vertebrates, Springer Science Online Textbook, viewed 30 June 2009, from http://www.springer.com [ Links ]
Wingerd, B.D., 1988, Rat Dissection Manual, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. [ Links ]
Chikera Ibe
Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University
Zaria 2222, Nigeria
Received: 12 July 2013
Accepted: 02 Sep. 2013
Published: 28 Mar. 2014


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Steve Dawson, the multi-Juno-winning roots guitarist and producer, has moved to Nashville from Vancouver. He was looking for a change and, after considering Toronto, discovered how much more affordable it was to set up his home studio in Music City. That said, he's still got a lot to do with Canada, starting with a national tour this spring.
For Dawson, the move to Nashville spells a new beginning. And a few other things.
N is for Neuman — the iconic 1950s-era tube microphone that Dawson recorded his new record with. It was one of two salvaged from the rafters of a Detroit church. "It kind of helps to inspire the process because it's all you're seeing and all you're playing to and you know that what comes out of that is going to have that old kind of sound," says Dawson.
A is for American Primitive, the style being used to describe his new album Rattlesnake Cage — in the vein of guitar legends like Leo Kottke.
S is for solo. And acoustic and instrumental — surprisingly, the first album of its kind for Dawson, he says. "I actually sat down and tried to do one 10 years ago but it just didn't feel right. Maybe I didn't have my act together enough back then."
H is for the Henhouse studio, the home studio where Dawson makes his magic. In Nashville, it's in a converted garage at his house in the Brentwood district, 10 minutes from downtown.
V is for vinyl, the glorious new-old recording format. The new record is the first of his available on vinyl. In fact, one of the oldest pressing plants in the country is five minutes away from his house. "I listen to vinyl more than anything else, I never stopped listening to it."
I is for the instruments Dawson plays on the new record — six and 12-string acoustics, a National tricone guitar and a Weissenborn Hawaiian guitar. No effects and no tricks, other than the magic his fingers conjure up.
L is for lure. Dawson is already busy and Nashville is booming, but he wants to lure Canadians to his new studio and the enticing history of the region. "While moving away from the country, I'm kind of dragging it along with me as well," he laughs.
L is for the live show. Dawson will do solo material and tunes with acoustic bassist Keith Lowe from Seattle — old blues or country tunes, some Hawaiian stuff. "I've always loved playing live and I don't want to stop doing it."
E is for "effortlessly" — the way Dawson plays, as noted by the Toledo Blade newspaper: "One magazine has referred to Steve Dawson as the T-Bone Burnett of Canada. I tend to think of him more as a Canadian version of Ry Cooder … his fine slide guitar and storytelling, everything seeming to flow effortlessly."

subset: commoncrawl


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A Nanny Who's Always on Vacation
When Lisa Molvar headed to the Cayman Islands last year with her husband and then 3-year-old daughter, Mia, she knew she wanted some grown-up-only time, too. But she didn't feel comfortable handing Mia off to one of the resort's baby sitters. And she didn't have a regular nanny who could come along on the trip. So Ms. Molvar hired a travel nanny.
In exchange for all travel expenses and a daily or hourly rate, a travel nanny can parachute into a family trip and turn it into an actual vacation for parents, too. Unlike with most hotel baby sitters, parents can personally vet—and try out—a travel nanny in advance, easing anxieties about leaving a child with an unfamiliar sitter. Some travel nannies offer vacation-specific skills: an ace skier or swimmer, perhaps. Flexibility is a major upside. When child-care is literally in the room next door, parents don't have to say no to that impromptu spa treatment or sunset cocktail.
"We were able to go golfing and spend time with friends who don't have kids," says Ms. Molvar, a 34-year-old real estate developer from Boston. "We just preferred to pay the added expense and to have the peace of mind that [our daughter] was with someone we really trusted." Indeed, Ms. Molvar's travel nanny, Tiffany Chapman, had occasionally baby-sat for Mia since she was a newborn.
As more families choose to bring young children to luxury hotels and resorts, a growing number of services are being unrolled to make it easier to have adult-time. Elaborate daytime children's program are nearly de rigueur, but now, hotels are expanding evening programs for kids, responding to demand from parents who want to sneak out for a romantic dinner. About a year ago, after seeing a growing number of families traveling with nannies, the Four Seasons Resort Vail extended its "Angel" program for families to nannies. Upon check-in, the "angel" (one of the hotel's managers) contacts the nanny to arrange for any needed baby gear (bathtubs, toddler beds, etc.) and to plan activities.
Sensible Sitters Inc., a New York-based firm, specializes in referring college students and recent college graduates to families looking for travel nannies or temporary baby sitters. The company charges $250 per day for up to two children for the services of a travel nanny and $300 for three children. Families also pay all travel expenses, food and lodging. (Nannies usually end up sharing a room with the kids). Nannies are supposed to work no more than 12 hours in a day. Vanessa Wauchope, Sensible Sitters' founder and chief executive, recommends first having a potential travel nanny do a few short baby sitting stints before a big trip to make sure of a good fit.
Other established travel nannies find work primarily through word-of-mouth, says Donna Robinson, 62, an Austin, Texas-based travel nanny who has been doing the work since 1998. Ms. Chapman says she often gets new clients while she's working, "I'll be down at the pool working with one family and people will overhear the situation," she says.
About 44% of leisure travelers said they traveled with children in 2012, up from 41% in 2010, according to a recent survey of 2,524 travelers by marketing and research firms MMGY Global and Harrison Group.
Most luxury hotels offer in-room baby-sitting for guests, usually for an hourly fee. Many city properties contract with established local baby sitting agencies. More remote resort properties tend to use their own staff, usually pulling them from the children's program, concierge desk and housekeeping. Most do criminal background checks and require CPR training.
Some hotels are upgrading that typical babysitter-in-the-room experience. A year ago, the Four Seasons Resort Chiang Mai in Thailand launched "themed baby sitting." Parents and kids can choose among Fairy Tale, Super Hero and "Lanna Style." Babysitters come to the room equipped with the appropriate games and dress-up costumes—Snow White, Spider-Man and traditional northern Thai outfits, respectively. "Instead of the parents saying 'we've got a baby sitter, see ya later,' they can walk away saying 'they are going to have a good time,' " says Scott Taber, vice president of rooms, Americas at Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts. The price for a two-hour session is about $127 plus tax and service charge. Each extra hour is about $33.
As an alternative to one-on-one baby sitting, more hotels are launching or expanding evening programs for kids, particularly during peak family travel times. Last year, the 128-suite Rosewood Mayakoba in Mexico unveiled a "night camp" for kids from 6 p.m. to 10 p.m. The complimentary program includes pirate-themed parties, scavenger hunts and Mexican fiesta nights with piñatas. "We're getting more and more families traveling," says Graeme Davis, the hotel's managing director. "We knew that the guest was asking for this."
Also, relaxed, kid-free parents are more likely to order dessert or that pricey bottle of wine at a hotel's restaurant. "Having the kids program and keeping the parents on property is bolstering the spend on property," says Paul McCormick, vice president and general manager at La Costa Resort and Spa, a 610-room resort in Carlsbad, Calif., which has been running weekend evening programs for kids since 2006. The price, including dinner, is $60 for one child, $40 each for siblings. (As part of the agreement to participate in the 6 p.m. to 10 p.m. program, parents are required to remain on the resort's property.)
More parents are using national Internet-based services such as Sittercity.com to find baby sitters at a vacation destination. The Chicago-based site, which lets parents post jobs and view profiles and reviews of potential sitters, says 8% of its parents looked for a "vacation sitter" outside their home state so far in 2012, double the percentage from all of 2011. The most popular vacation spot where families look for sitters is Hilton Head, S.C., followed by New York City, Las Vegas and Palm Beach, Fla., says Melissa Marchwick, Sittercity.com's senior vice president.
Hiring a travel nanny who meets you at your home, however, means parents get help in that epicenter of kid meltdowns: the airplane. Kitty Gabal, a 28-year-old travel nanny and student from Westport, Conn., says that even the most hands-on parents usually let her handle the kids during the journey. "The parents kind of want to sit back and relax and watch a movie and the kids are yours," she says. "It's fine. That's why you're being paid." Ms. Chapman, the nanny who traveled with Ms. Molvar, writes out a tentative schedule of activities for each plane ride in advance, breaking the trip down into 30 minute increments.
Many families turn to travel nannies because their own baby sitter doesn't have the right documentation to travel internationally or because they have family or school responsibilities that limit their availability for trips, says Sensible Sitters' Mrs. Wauchope.
Susan Coppedge has hired Ms. Chapman to travel with her, her husband and her now 13-year-old son, Peter, about four times a year for the last 10 years for trips to North Carolina, Cape Cod, New York and a vacation home in Florida. "The driving force for me is knowing my child is safe and that they are having a good time," says Ms. Coppedge, a 52-year-old financial adviser at Morgan Stanley in Boston. Another perk, she says, is getting to outsource some of the less appealing vacation excursions. When in New York, for example, "they can go to the M&M store and Ruby Foo's and all those places I don't want to traipse around to," she says.
Write to Andrea Petersen at email@example.com
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President Roderick J. McDavis
Photo courtesy of: University Communications and Marketing
Nov 25, 2013
From staff reports
In a message sent to Ohio University faculty and staff on Nov. 25, President Roderick J. McDavis called for nominations for Distinguished Professor.
Dear Colleagues,
One of the most cherished University endowments, established in the 1950s by Mr. Edwin L. Kennedy, is the Baker Fund, which supports the Kennedy Lecture Series and the Distinguished Professor Program. Current income from this restricted endowment supports the appointment of a new Distinguished Professor each year.
The Distinguished Professors elect faculty who are deserving of this high recognition as members. A screening committee, consisting of the five most-recently elected Distinguished Professors, reviews nominations and develops a short list of candidates. The screening committee for the 2014 cycle includes Peter Jung (Physics and Astronomy, 2009), Charles Smith (Playwriting, 2010), Mark Halliday (English, 2011), John Kopchick (Biomedical Sciences, 2012), and Tom Carpenter (Classics and World Religions, 2013).
According to the terms of the endowment, those elected to membership in the company of Distinguished Professors "will be chosen on the basis of outstanding artistic, literary, historical, or scientific achievements, or other worthy accomplishments attaining wide recognition." To be considered for election, a faculty member must have tenure and a minimum of five years of service at Ohio University. The prime consideration is scholarly or creative contributions that have received substantial recognition beyond the Ohio University community.
Nominations for Distinguished Professor are encouraged and welcomed from all departments, schools, and academic disciplines at Ohio University. Nominations may come from chairs, directors, or any faculty member and should be submitted directly to Distinguished Professor Mark Halliday, Ellis Hall 357. The nominating letter should include a summary of the nominee's career and qualifications and should be accompanied by supporting information, including a bibliography, no more than 10 letters of support, representative publications, and other pertinent materials. The deadline for 2014 nominations is February 14, 2014. Inquiries about the content of nomination dossiers should be directed to Professor Halliday.
The announcement of the 2014 Distinguished Professor will be made at the May 2, 2014 Graduate Commencement Ceremony. I hope you will consider contributing to this important Ohio University tradition through the nomination of our well-deserving colleagues.
Roderick J. McDavis


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Skunk2 Lowering Springs Front 2 inch Rear 2 inch Fits 2000-2004 S2000
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Skunk2 Lowering Springs are designed to dramatically improve handling performance and driver feel by significantly increasing corner grip and reducing body roll. Skunk2 springs are CNC-wound using the highest quality SAE9254V spring steel, shot peen stress relieved, and corrosion protected using phosphate and powder coatings. Each spring is designed to optimize the balance between performance and comfort. The result is a spring that offers racecar like handling, yet maintains smooth and comfortable ride characteristics. Skunk2 Lowering Springs can be used with factory or aftermarket shock absorbers and look great on vehicles with stock or aftermarket wheels. Average drop is approximately 2.5" – 2.25". When applicable, we recommend using Skunk2 Lowering Springs with Skunk2 Sport Shocks and other fine Skunk2 suspension components.
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Colin Miles for Campdrafting & Cutting
The Colin Miles is a great schooling bit with a 55mm centre piece creating greater tongue pressure and reducing bar pressure. The rings give the horse something to play with and help keep the horses attention on the bit.
This particular joint exerts more pressure than the Control Plate or Elliptical.


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The West Yorkshire Police and Crime Commissioner, Mark Burns-Williamson, and Temporary Chief Constable, Dee Collins, met with West Yorkshire MPs at the House of Commons to explain what cuts of between 25% and 40%, to be announced in the Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR), could mean for policing and community safety across the county.
West Yorkshire is the fourth largest police force in England and Wales and has areas of some of the greatest policing need but is one of the hardest hit by Government cuts.
The Police and Crime Commissioner and T/CC wanted to explain to MPs what even further damaging cuts would mean to policing in their communities and ask them to put pressure on the Government in advance of the CSR for the resources to protect neighbourhood policing.
Mark Burns-Williamson, said: "During the meeting I told the MPs in no uncertain terms about what yet more cuts would mean. The Government is taking a gamble with public safety.
During the meeting the Police and Crime Commissioner and Temporary Chief Constable reiterated their commitment to neighbourhood policing.
Temporary Chief Constable Dee Collins said: "Since the beginning of the Government austerity measures in 2010, we have been required to deliver £140m in savings by 31 March 2016. The savings we have already made and the plans we have in place mean we will have achieved £138m of this.
"Until we know the scale of the Government cuts, we cannot predict with any certainty just how they will impact upon our services and in what areas. What we do know however, is that we will have to make some extremely difficult decisions, even if the cuts emerge at the lower end of that register.
"We are now approaching a crucial point where further cuts will undoubtedly mean we, like other public services, can no longer go about our core purposes in the same way as before. In the future, we will need to distinguish between what we could do and what we must do to keep the most vulnerable in our county safe."


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Oh, boy.
Nineteen babies were born this past weekend at the University of Minnesota Medical Center, Fairview, and there wasn't a girl in the bunch.
Officials at the Minneapolis hospital said Monday, Nov. 26, that they couldn't recall another time when they've had so many consecutive baby boy deliveries.
"I'm calling it a statistical marvel," said Lisa Archer, a nurse manager at the hospital.
There's some debate, actually, about just how big a marvel the sequence is, but more on that later.
The boys started arriving at 9 p.m. Friday, hospital officials said, and didn't stop until 7 a.m. Monday. The hospital typically delivers about 220 babies per month.
Collectively, the 19 baby boys weighed in at 115 pounds, said hospital spokesman Ryan Davenport. The babies' weight range spans 8 pounds from smallest to biggest.
Lay the babies end to end, Davenport said, and they'd measure more than 30 feet.
"It feels like the year of the boy," said Kelly Rosenbrook, 29, of Minneapolis, whose son Mannix was born on Saturday. Many of Rosenbrook's friends who are pregnant also are expecting boys.
For the month of November, the hospital has seen 106 boys delivered as opposed to 77 girls.
"The girls have to catch up now," said Dr. Samantha Hoffman, an obstetrician who delivered four of the boys this weekend.
During 2010, there were 34,950 boys and 33,456 girls born statewide, according to the Minnesota Department of Health.
About 7:30 a.m. Monday, the birth of a baby girl named Ladan broke the hospital's boy streak. It just so happens that the baby's father — Mohamed Guled, 37, of Minnetonka — owns a company called Dauus, which makes diapers.
"I've decided to donate to all the baby boys that were born — for the next three months — all the diapers that their parents would need," Guled said during a new conference at the hospital.
Quirky marvels occur every so often in maternity units, but the probability of 19 consecutive baby boys is not as unlikely as some might think, said Lawrence Gray, a professor of mathematics at the University of Minnesota.
If you assume a 50-50 chance of having a boy or a girl, some might be tempted to answer the probability question by simply taking 0.5 to the power of 19, an equation that yields a probability of 1 in about 500,000.
But that's misleading, Gray said, because it shows the probability of 19 consecutive boy births if you happened to walk into a hospital right now and start counting. A better estimate of probability, he said, takes into account the likelihood of an event happening over a fixed period of time within a certain geographic area.
After factoring the average number of births during a year at the U hospital, Gray said, the likelihood of 19 consecutive boy births is more like 1 in 200.
"That's pretty rare for that hospital," Gray said. "But during my lifetime, this is going to happen at some hospital I know if I pay attention."
Christopher Snowbeck can be reached at 651-228-5479.
Follow him at twitter.com/chrissnowbeck.


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Book your place now FREE - PAY £5 ON DOOR
Please arrive at least 5-10 minutes before the start of the class. Class £5.00
We cater for beginners and intermediate exercisers by offering options to your work out.
What to DO – Wear suitable work out wear and training shoes Bring a bottle of water. All new attendees to Class need to fill in a health form. Please Note - Please see the instructor if you have any medical conditions before commencing.
We look forward to working with you at: The Link, New Road, Water Orton, B46 1QU please call 07565 620275 if directions are needed. BOOKING IS NOT REQUIRED for this class. just turn up.
Let's get ready to GLOW
Book now pay on door WHEN BOOKING IS CLOSED 10 Places are available if you arrive early and have not booked.


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Aurifil Mako Cotton 220yds #2540
Aurifil Mako Cotton 220yds #2540
Two-ply 50, 50/2, 220 yard, made from 100% Egyptian, extra long staple, cotton. Made in Italy. Cotton Mako 50, the orange spool, gives excellent results. It has been my favorite for many years since I "discovered" it at a Quilt Show in PA.
The "secret" here is that the fine thread allows you to stitch to near invisibility. Which is why it also works so well with applique. Additionally, during production, Aurifil is very careful with the twisting and finishing process, which eliminates thread fraying and tangling. .A20050102540
Add To Cart


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Understanding Prince Edward Island PRPP
The Prince Edward Island (PEI) government is looking at adopting the federal PRPP model. More information will be shared once PEI formally announces its plans.
Manulife continues to demonstrate its leadership in the emergence of the PRPP across the country by working with federal and provincial governments to introduce legislation and make the needs of small businesses a top priority. Leveraging our own product expertise, we look forward to offering our simple, affordable, easy-to-use PRPP and supporting your sales efforts, in every province that implements legislation.
PRPP across Canada
Alberta | British Columbia | Manitoba | New Brunswick | Newfoundland | Nova Scotia | Ontario |
Prince Edward Island | Quebec | Saskatchewan | Federal PRPP (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut)


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Published May 23, 2015
Which station to you turn the AM dial to each morning?
Stand up, improv, sketch comedy. Who makes you laugh? see the Top 5 →
When you want great music at work, in the car or at home, what station do... see the Top 5 →
Foreign films, indie movies, or maybe its just the popcorn. What's your... see the Top 5 →
Classic rockers, hip-hop artists, or country crooners; who rocks your... see the Top 5 →
Maybe it's your go-to spot for a rainy day or the place you take guests... see the Top 5 →
When it comes to music instruction for the young or old, who is the best... see the Top 5 →
The 2015 KCRA 3 A-List awards are based on more than 207,000 votes from local Sacramento-area experts.


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Instructor Software
iClicker Classic
Formerly iClicker 7. Simple, fast, local data storage. Works with iClicker Reef, iClicker 2, and iClicker+ student solutions.
Requires Windows 7 with .NET 4.0.3 or newer, Mac OSX Mavericks (10.9.5) or newer, or Linux (Ubuntu 12.04, 14.04 LTS, 16.04 Xenial LTS 64-bit versions) or newer.
Instructor Support
The iClicker instructor support site includes a wealth of information that will help you get started with iClicker or become an iClicker power user.
|Get Support
Instructor Kits
Complete the instructor kit order form to order an instructor kit which includes an iClicker base, instructor remote, and student remote. Instructor kits are only necessary if any of your students will be using clickers. If you're using mobile only, a kit is not needed.
LMS Guides
For additional LMS synchronization help, view our step-by-step LMS Guides.
Software Training
We offer regularly scheduled training sessions for both iClicker Classic and iClicker Cloud. View the training schedule to find a session that works for you.
iClicker ID Finder
The iClicker remote ID Finder is a simple application that accepts students' votes and then displays the iClicker remote ID on the instructor's base LCD. This is useful in situations where the iClicker remote ID is illegible.
iClicker Base Firmware Utility
Utility for checking base firmware version, updating the iClicker Base to the latest firmware version (currently v6.02), and setting a fixed frequency on the base. NOTE: your base must be a minimum v4.05 firmware in order to update to v6.02. (The minimum for iClicker Classic and iClicker Cloud is v5.04).


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Bay of Plenty Winter Itinerary
Check out our suggestion for a fun two day winter itinerary in the Bay of Plenty.
We're a region known for our sunshine and beaches, but the Bay of Plenty has heaps to offer in the winter months too! Although our winter temperatures are still pleasantly mild (averaging around 12 degrees C), we've compiled a list of winter activities to keep you warm and entertained on a two-day visit.
Day 1:
Morning: Take a walk
With our steady climate, a winter walk is a great way to get moving and enjoy the stunning Bay of Plenty region. The area offers numerous short walks, from 30 minute ambles to half-day hikes (or longer, if you've got the time!). Pack a picnic and spend the morning exploring any of the region's great walking tracks.
Afternoon: Cultural excursion
Head indoors this afternoon to explore some of the region's cultural attractions. Check out the gorgeous Tauranga Art Gallery, visit a historic mission house or experience New Zealand's most travelled Maori meeting house – Mataatua Wharenui, in Whakatane.
Evening: Hot Pools
Relax this evening with a visit to one of the Bay of Plenty's thermal pool complexes. The Mount Hot Pools houses numerous hot salt water pools including private pools for the adults and a leisure pool. In Tauranga, the Fernland Spa Thermal Mineral Springs is open until 10pm daily – perfect for a warm and relaxing end to a busy day.
Day 2:
Morning: Get Wet!
Get adventurous and try white water rafting, jet boating, kayaking or even surfing! Even if it does rain, a little bit of extra water won't matter once you're in your wetsuit and having the time of your life. Be sure to book these exciting activities in advance so you don't miss out.
Afternoon: Therapy
Following your adventure-packed morning you'll need a bit of rest and relaxation. What better way than indulging in a massage or spa therapy treatment at one of the Bay's health spa and massage providers? Mmmmm.
Evening: Dinner and a Show
Dine at one of many top quality Bay of Plenty restaurants then head along to a show, concert or festival. View the Bay of Plenty events calendar in advance to see what's on when you're here and to purchase your tickets ahead of time.


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1993: 'America's Most Wanted' uses local backdrop
1993: Boy Scout Brad Stout saves father's life
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The production company behind TV show 'Don't Tell The Bride' is looking for couples from the Dacroum area to take part in the next series.
The show, now on Sky1, follows a groom who is given three weeks to plan an entire wedding from scratch; from venue, to cake to wedding dress.
Grooms will be given a budget of £14,000 to plan the wedding as a surprise for his bride. Successful couples will be wed in 2016.
Producer Sarah May said: "At a time when saving for a wedding is a distant dream for many, Don't Tell The Bride offers couples the chance to have their wedding this year, without the stress of saving for it. It's a unique and memorable way for couples to tie the knot in 2016."
Anyone interested in taking part is asked to email email@example.com to request an application form. Alternatively, make contact through Facebook at www.facebook.com/donttellthebrideuk to @dttb on Twitter.


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New NAACP president says protest in his DNA
George Curry | 6/9/2014, 2:30 p.m.
WASHINGTON – When Rev. Frederick D. Haynes III of Dallas, Texas, learned that the NAACP Board of Directors had chosen Cornell William Brooks over him, Attorney Barbara R. Arnwine and several other better known candidates to succeed outgoing president Benjamin Todd Jealous, his response was "Who?"
And he wasn't the only one responding that way.
In an interview from Florida, where trustees had just made their selection, a board member who asked not to be identified by name said, "We turned the whole nation into a collection of owls," he said. "When they learned of our decision, everyone in the country was saying, 'Who? Who? Who?'"
Though he is not among the who's who of national civil rights advocates, Brooks feels his entire life has prepared him to become president and CEO of the NAACP. He graduated from Jackson State University in Mississippi with honors, earned a Master of Divinity degree with a concentration in systematic theology from Boston University School of Theology – where Dr. Martin Luther King earned his Ph.D. in the same area of study – and graduated from Yale Law School, serving as a senior editor of the Yale Law Journal and a member of the Yale Law and Policy Review.
After serving as a law clerk for Judge Sam J. Irvin III on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, Brooks' first job was as an attorney at the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights under Law headed by Barbara Arnwine. He later worked as an attorney for the Justice Department, a senior attorney for the Federal Communications Commission and was executive director of the Fair Housing Council of Greater Washington, D.C.
His most recent job was as president of the New Jersey Institute for Social Justice, a Newark-based organization founded in 1999 by the Alan V. and Amy Lowenstein Foundation. According to its website, the institute seeks to expand economic opportunity for people of color and low-income residents; promotes holding local, state and regional government accountable for fulfilling the needs of urban residents, and protects the civil rights of the disadvantaged.
"When you look at the arc of my career, it has not been singular or linear in focus, but really touched on many of the challenges facing the country – whether it be in business, the criminal justice system, the juvenile justice system, the housing market – so I think I bring a multi-dimensional, multi-disciplined, multi-faceted focus on work," Brooks said. "That does not make me unique, but perhaps distinctive."
Brooks will need that and more to be successful as the 18th president of the NAACP.
The 5-page job description developed by The Hollins Group, the NAACP-contracted search firm based in Chicago, noted among the specific job responsibilities: "Work closely with the Chairman and the Board and be responsible for developing the organization's U.S. private sector fundraising plan and growing its annual income and membership by 20%. This also will include expanding both staff and operations with an emphasis on building a larger base of private sector support and establishing an endowment."


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Mobility as the key to success: Genuine BMW Business Accessories offers clever and reliable communication and navigation solutions, specially developed to meet your business needs, that blend in perfectly with the high-class interior of your BMW. The modular BMW Travel & comfort system offers a range of practical attachments and flexible functions – from comfortable use of your iPad with the BMW holder for Apple iPad™ to crease-free transport of your clothing with the removable clothes hanger. While the BMW Car Hotspot offers you and your passengers reliable online in-vehicle connectivity.
The BMW Travel & comfort system is a practical solution for your business trips. The basic carrier is simply attached to the front seat headrests and can be used with the optional BMW holder for Apple iPad™, clothes hanger, folding table or universal hooks.
Available for many BMW models.
The wireless hotspot for your BMW brings front and rear passengers onto the Internet even on the move. All you need is a WLAN-enabled mobile device, like phone, laptop or Apple iPad™.
Available for many BMW models from your BMW Dealer.
Simply fasten the BMW holder to the front seat's headrest and click the Apple iPad™ into place in the frame. Now you can relax and use the device from the back seat.
The BMW holder for Apple iPad™ is part of the 'Travel & comfort system' accessory range and available for many BMW models.
Use the BMW snap-in adapter to connect your Apple iPhone™4 or RIM BlackBerry ® to the vehicle. The device provides an optimal network connection via the external aerial of the vehicle and automatically charges your mobile phone during the journey.
Roads change constantly and so do your destinations. The DVD Road Map Update 2012 for the BMW navigation systems updates the maps of Europe – so you'll always find the best route to your destination.
Available for most BMW navigation systems.
Made of high-quality black leather with BMW embossing, the key holder boasts impressively fine design. It protects your BMW key against scratches, dirt and water splashes, and prevents the buttons from being pressed accidentally. A handy twisting mechanism gives you easy access to the keys.
Available for all BMW models.
The next generation of navigation devices with Bluetooth and hands-free capability. For up-to-the-minute information and new destinations. And the wiring's hidden, so it fits perfectly into your BMW.
Available for selected BMW 1 Series, BMW 3 Series, BMW X1, BMW X3, BMW Z4 models.
With its sophisticated yet sporty design, the glasses case with BMW lettering blends perfectly into the interior of your BMW. The built-in Velcro fastening provides a simple and flexible way to secure glasses or sunglasses to the interior of your BMW and keep them within easy reach.
Find out more about this product here:
The versatile modular BMW Travel & comfort system has a basic carrier that is simply fixed between the headrest mountings and can be used with various practical attachments. The BMW holder for Apple iPad™ allows you to comfortably use your iPad in landscape or portrait mode from the back seat. The removable clothes hanger ensures crease-free transport of clothing and can be used away from the car. The folding table with built-in drinks holder is especially useful on long journeys and offers the rear passengers a practical surface with height and angle adjustment. It also has a fold-out drinks holder with an elegant chrome ring. Use the universal hooks to hang up smaller items like cases or garment bags and make the most of your stowage space.
Online whenever and wherever you want with the wireless hotspot for use on the move. The BMW Car Hotspot allows passengers to surf the Internet with their smartphone, iPad or laptop even during the journey. All that's needed is a device with a WLAN interface. Automatic interrupt-free switching between UMTS and GSM networks, supported by the vehicle's external aerial, provides a reliable Internet connection with practically 100 per cent coverage. Use of the BMW Car Hotspot also reduces exposure to mobile phone signals in the vehicle interior and prolongs battery life of the mobile device. Installation of the hotspot is quick and easy thanks to the snap-in adapter in the central armrest.
Can only be used in combination with a data SIM card or a mobile telephone with SAP interface (SIM Access Profile).
The benefits at a glance:
Watch videos, check e-mails or surf the Internet: whatever you wish to do with your iPad, the BMW holder for Apple iPad™ lets you find the right position with ease and leaves your hands free. Set it either in Office Mode below the headrest to make using the onscreen keyboard more comfortable or in Movie Mode at eye level behind the headrest to enjoy a relaxing video. Both modes allow you to rotate the holder through 90° in either direction to find the best position for the iPad and use it in landscape and portrait position. Thanks to the stand supplied, you can enjoy the benefits of the BMW holder for Apple iPad™ outside of your BMW, too.
For maximum benefit, you should use the BMW holder for Apple iPad™ in combination with the BMW Car Hotspot, the wireless hotspot for your BMW.
Inconspicuous device – strikingly effective result: the BMW snap-in adapter guarantees perfect operation of your mobile phone while you are on the move.
Thanks to the secure and stable docking system, your telephone remains safely fastened in the vehicle. A connection to the external aerial channels the electromagnetic radiation out of the passenger compartment and improves reception. And – as an added bonus – your mobile phone is automatically charged during the journey.
Available for many BMW models.
Roads change constantly and so do your destinations. The DVD Road Map Update 2012 for the BMW navigation systems keeps up with these developments. With up-to-date map material, you will always find the best route to your destination. Which is the shortest route and where are the scenic routes? How can I avoid traffic jams and are there any interesting sights in this area? Are there any restaurants that specialise in local cuisine and where's the nearest petrol station? BMW's digital road maps have the answers, letting you know as much about your new destination as you do about your home town. Ask your BMW Partner about the compatible software version for your BMW navigation system.
The new generation of BMW Portable Navigation is a genuine all-rounder. Not only does the modern, portable navigation system blend perfectly into the interior of the vehicle, but with lane assist, junction view and a built-in hands-free capability for Bluetooth mobile phones it makes your journey even safer and more comfortable.
Available for:


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Dakun wrote:Well if you don't mind some casual observers with soda and chips wandering around the yard / garage / house and mingling, sounds like you can do a joint event. Perhaps I'll find something to build - or maybe just bring my truck and create a pool in the bed .
That's totally cool. I'll send you a PM with my address.


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Size: 8.8 ounces
Item 8424
Thankfully, the venture paid off handsomely and turned out to be more successful than either man could possibly have imagined, changing the taste of a nation and making Bewley's a household name in Ireland. From its origins in the tea trade the Bewley's business, based in Sycamore Alley near the Olympia Theatre in Dublin, expanded into coffee importation, roasting and distribution and the operation of coffee shops, most notably the legendary Grafton Street Café, which was opened by Ernest Bewley in 1927 and continues to flourish to this day. Patrick Bewley, great great grandson of Ernest Bewley, remains deeply involved in the business to this day, carrying on a proud tradition.
This rich and smooth flavored tea contains all the taste of a good Irish Breakfast tea without the caffeine.


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LOS ANGELES — The NBA is moving in on the Los Angeles Clippers.
In the wake of the racially charged comments from team owner Donald Sterling that led to the ruling from Commissioner Adam Silver on Tuesday that he be removed, NBA spokesman Mike Bass announced Saturday that the league will now begin a search for a new Clippers CEO. What's more, Silver has the support of Sterling's wife, Shelly, who is a co-owner of the team.
"I spoke with Commissioner Adam Silver this week to tell him that I fully supported his recent swift and decisive action," Shelly Sterling said in a statement released Saturday evening. "We also agreed at that time that, as a next step, both the league and the team should work together to find some fresh, accomplished executive leadership for the Clippers. I welcome his active involvement in the search for a person of the utmost character, proven excellence and a commitment to promoting equality and inclusiveness.
"As a co-owner, I am fully committed to taking the necessary steps to make the Clippers the best team in the NBA. That has been my aspiration ever since 1981."
Shelly Sterling attended Saturday night's Game 7 against Golden State, sitting in a suite.
IN COURT: Can Sterling best NBA by-laws?
SPONSOR: Red Bull back for Clips with twist
While longtime team President Andy Roeser is expected to be retained for now, the CEO would oversee the entire operation.
"The best way to ensure the stability of the team during this difficult situation is to move quickly and install a CEO to oversee the Clippers organization," Bass said in a news release announcing the decision. "The process of identifying that individual is underway."
Donald Sterling, the 80-year-old who has long been known as one of the most litigious people on the planet, is widely expected to fight the ruling in court. But the NBA —which isn't referred to by insiders as "Nothing But Attorneys" for nothing — is clearly not waiting for resolution on the legal front before attempting to fix this franchise.
There is plenty of precedent here when it comes to the league becoming more involved with one of its own. Most recently, former commissioner David Stern disapatched staff members to Sacramento and was extremely influential in the arena controversy and eventual transfer of ownership from the Maloof family to the group led by Vivek Ranadive in May 2013. When the New Orleans Hornets reached the bottom of their business barrell in late 2010, the NBA purchased the team from then-owner George Shinn and oversaw all operations until the team was sold to Tom Benson in April 2012.
GALLERY: Celebrities linked to potential Clippers ownership


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MAT LOGO, Inc., P.O. Box 800285, LaGrange, GA 30240
All orders ship FREE to the continental United States via UPS or FedEx ground. Some larger orders may ship via LTL truck line. Hawaii and Alaska ship via 2nd or 3rd day air for a small additional fee. All International orders will be billed actual shipping cost. Non-logo orders less than $100 require a $15 shipping surcharge. The logos displayed herein are provided for example only, and not intended to imply that MAT LOGO, INC. has the right to reproduce the logos. MAT LOGO, INC. will only provide logo mats to the owners of the logos, and the owners' licensees and authorized representatives.


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What Is Kouign-Amann and How to Pronounce It
Trendspotting: Kouign-Amann
Ever heard of the kouign-amann? If you haven't, you will soon.
This pastry emerged out of obscurity last Fall to make a splash at various spots in San Francisco. But given its rapid growth over the past year, it's likely it'll be in bakeshops across the country sooner rather than later.
The kouign-amann (pronounced "queen a-mahn") hails from Brittany, France; think of it as a cross between a croissant and a palmier, with layer after layer of buttery, flaky pastry on the inside, yet caramelized with ever-so-slightly-burnt sugar on the outside. Our favorite thus far, which comes from Oakland's Starter Bakery, also comes in a chocolate version and a seasonal fruit version in addition to the classic rendition.
The Breton pastry's hit California big time — it's available at Starbucks-owned La Boulange locations, as well as Whole Foods Markets in Northern California and at Thomas Keller's Bouchon in Beverly Hills. But it's also big in Salt Lake City, where bakery Les Madeleines has been serving the KG since 2004. In New York, it's a big sell at Bouley and Dominique Ansel; in Chicago, at Floriole and Alliance Bakery; and also in cities like Seattle and Indianapolis. Not sold in your hometown? With some patience, you can even make it at home. Both the pastry and the name are (quite literally) a mouthful, but this is no doubt a trend that's going to continue to grow. Have you had one yet?
Photos: Anna Monette Roberts


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roslind on Family Tree Circles
view: full | list
Journals and Posts
Mitchell's of Stirlingshire
84 year old: DESPERATELY seeking family members of THOMAS MITCHELL ( born around 1885)Stirlingshire, Scotland. His siblings were John(Jock), Alexander(Sandy), William, Thomas( my grandfather), Nellie( Helen) and Sarah.
Thomas Mitchell married Susannah(ANNIE STORRIE)my grandmother. Their children are Annie Mitchell( who married an Anderson), Thomas(Tam) Mitchell, Mary Mitchell (who married Dan Thompson),Robert(Robbie) Mitchell,(who married Kate Kelly) Nellie( Helen) Mitchell(married a Walker)and Grace Donaldson Storrie Mitchell( b.1923) ... (my mother). The Mitchells' lived at Muiravonside, Scotland.
As the last living member of her family, Gracie is traveling to Scotland to track down her clan. If you have information about THOMAS MITCHELL or ANNIE STORRIE( MITCHELL) or think you may be related please drop us a line. Gracie would love to hear from you.
- Displaying 1-1 of 1 Journals
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by Pete Mazzaccaro
Installation of the long-promised pay kiosks for the six lots maintained by the Chestnut Hill Parking Foundation will begin this week with the kiosks expected to be up and running by the beginning of April. The new system, according to foundation president John Ingersoll, is expected to go live on April 15.
"Things are moving right along," Ingersoll said.
The introduction of kiosks – the same as those found throughout the City of Philadelphia – represent a change from other systems used by the foundation, which has run the lots in Chestnut Hill for more than 50 years. The Parking Foundation had long been funded by Hill merchants, first in the purchase of stickers that were given to motorists and then to a voluntary annual assessment method in which merchants paid an annual fee to cover the expenses of maintaining and insuring the lots.
Last year, the foundation decided that the assessment model was not working – nearly 25 percent of merchants on the Avenue did not participate – so it decided to install the kiosks, switching the costs of lot maintenance to the shoppers and others who park on the lots. The lots will be patrolled by the Philadelphia Parking Authority.
Ingersoll said that once the Kiosks are up, parking foundation employees would be available to show users how to use them. They will be up and running for approximately two weeks before enforcement begins on April 15.
Parking will be 50 cents for a half hour at the kiosks, which will accept credit cards, debit cards, dollar bills or tokens that will be available for purchase to motorists and merchants alike. The machines will not take $10 or $20 bills. Smartcards will not work, either.
They will take $5 bills in the evening, at which time people can buy a pass to park all night – 7 p.m. to 8 a.m. – at a flat rate of $5.
Another new service will be a monthly nighttime parking pass for $50 that will allow unlimited parking during the hours of 7 p.m. to 8 a.m.


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i am new to this forum and not a math expert. so please bear with me if am asking silly questions.
The question is "probability of getting 50 heads from tossing a coin 100 times".
So the answer for this is, I guess, ${100 \choose 50} (2 ^{-100})$.
So all am trying to get is easier way to calculate ${100 \choose 50}$, or another approach to the parent problem only.
Thanks all, appreciate that.


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It's A Pancakes-For-Dinner Night
I have been cooking Shabbat Dinners for my family since my first son Sam was born–that is almost 20 years of Shabbat dinners. As my mother taught me, I have always thought that the "appropriate" Shabbat meal is brisket or roast chicken, challah and all of the rest of the side dishes. In the "old" days–up until about 5 years ago–my Fridays were structured around challah baking and the rest of the meal. Since Challah Connection is busy, busy all 5 days (actually 7+), little by little I have been chipping away at my Friday tradition. First to go, unfortunately, was the challah baking. However, I realized that while my husband Josh loved my home baked challah, my kids were actually perfectly content with the challah that we sell here at Challah Connection. Next to go was the hours of shopping and prep for the rest of the meal. To be honest, I have been feeling a little lost on Fridays without a traditional meal to prepare. But, here's the interesting and very good news…
A couple of months ago, I learned from Harry and Mike (my only 2 at home now, ages 18 and 14 respectively) that they are not liking meat too much anymore and what they really love are dairy meals like my challah french toast, matzo brei, blintzes, pancakes and omelets. Great!! Those are easy to make, don't require any prep time, are "Jewish" in nature and best of all they really love them. The only problem with this is that it's not really what Josh and I want to be eating, but we can handle this one night a week.
I'm pretty excited about what I'm making tonight. This is a recipe from Arthur Schwartz's Jewish Home Cooking: Cottage Cheese Chremslach. They are pancakes made with cottage cheese and matzo meal (recipe below), fried in oil and topped with sliced strawberries and confectioners sugar. The picture looks scrumptious and best of all, I think my kids are going to love them. Will let you know if this recipe passes the test!
Cottage Cheese Chremslach
From Arthur Schwartz's Jewish Home Cooking
Note: Technically, this recipe is a Passover recipe hence the matzo meal and Grapeseed or Passover oil. For non-Passover, I plan to use matzo meal and canola oil.
Makes about 18
4 eggs
1 cup 4 percent cottage cheese (you could use low fat if you prefer)
3/4 cup mile (whole or low fat)
3/4-1 tsp salt
1 tablespoon sugar (optional)
1 cup matzo meal
Grapeseed or other acceptable Passover oil or 2 tablespoons butter for frying
In a bowl, with a fork, beat together the eggs, cottage cheese, milk, salt, and sugar. Stir in the matzo meal. Set aside for 10 minutes.
In a 10-to 12-inch skillet, over medium heat, heat enough oil to cover the bottom by a scant 1/8 inch. When the oil is hot, pour a scant 1/4 cup of the batter into the skillet. It should form a pancake about 4 inches in diameter. If it is too thick to spread this much, add a little more milk. The pancake should sizzle immediately. Fry until the first side is golden brown, 60-90 seconds, depending on how hot the oil is. Turn the pancake. The second side takes less time, about 30 seconds.
Drain the pancakes on paper towels or brown paper and serve while still very hot.
Variation (Jane's opinion–this is a worthwhile step)
For a puffier pancake, separate the eggs, beat the yolks with the milk, then beat the whites until they form peaks and fold into the batter.


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Peter Reinhart Whole Wheat Hearth Bread
I made a loaf the other day and it was...ok. Resulting loaf was about a pound, and seems very dense to me.
The finished dough may have risen about 1.5 times, did not spread much when proofing. I certainly did not get the over spring that PR got in those lovely pictures and . It's hard to tell from the directions how soft the dough should be after BIGA and SOAKER combined. The dough is not very hydrated, and I usually bake with 75% hydration, which results in softer dough. So I am kind of lost tryng to figure out the best way to work with this reecipe.
Using KA Whole Wheat flour. Baked at 500 for 20 minutes, then 450 for the remainder. Any suggestions?


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Please login first to complete purchase/ quotation request, view custom order reports, or create favorites list.
Don't have an account with us yet? Please set up an account to place order or obtain customer services.
This amino acids 22 to 27 fragment is a modification of the human islet amyloid polypeptide hIAPP (NFGAIL) with N-methylation of the amide bonds at G24 and I26. The introduction of two N-methyl rests in the amyloid-core-containing sequence NFGAIL converts this amyloidogenic and cytotoxic sequence into non-amyloidogenic and non-cytotoxic peptide. The peptide is able to bind with high-affinity full-length hIAPP and to inhibit its fibrillogenesis.


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Actress Ruth Foster dies at 92
Played postmistress on 'Little House'
By Variety Staff
Actress Ruth E. Foster, best known for her role of Mrs. Foster, the postmistress on "Little House on the Prairie," died of natural causes in Del Mar, Calif., on May 11. She was 92.
Foster traveled with vaudeville dance troupes in the early 1930s. She married comedian Bobby Pinkus, aka Peter J. Accardy, in 1939; they worked up a routine together and entertained troops in the South Pacific during WWII.
She broke into television in the 1950s on Sid Caesar's "Your Show of Shows" and "The Spike Jones Show." She recurred on "Ben Casey" in the early 1960s and guested on "Bonanza" before appearing in 61 episodes of "Little House on the Prairie" in the 1970s and '80s plus three "Little House" telepics. She also guested on Michael Landon series "Highway to Heaven" in 1989.
Foster danced professionally in the Palm Springs and Branson Follies until the age of 85.
Survivors include a son; a grandson; two great-grandsons; and a niece.
Services will be held on Saturday, June 23, at 12:30 p.m. at the Hollywood Hills Forest Lawn White Chapel.


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Large 1983 Check Envelope Pouch
All orders will be fulfilled by Burberry Limited and shipped from the UK. When you place your order, you accept Burberry's Terms and Conditions and confirm that you have read our Privacy Policy.
Size Guide
Use the Size Guide to choose the best fit for your measurements.
In this window, you can find out the shipping and returns options for the selected item.
In this window, you can contact customer service for further assistance.
- An Italian-made slim pouch in cotton and metallic leather, presented in our archival 1983 check.
- 33 x 22cm/13 x 8.7in
- Outer: 100% cotton
- Inner, trim: 100% calf leather
- Lining: 100% viscose
- One exterior slip pocket
- One interior divider
- Foldover flap with magnetic closure
- Hand-painted edges
- Embossed Burberry lettering on the back
- Made in Italy
Item 80062571


text: Ok so I look through colleges curriculum and I see "Compute Science", "Computer Engineering", "Computer Information Technology", or something to that effect, my problem is I dont' really know the difference. Sometimes the only differences between two of those are one or two classes, could someone help me out here? I need this info so I know what to pick when going into college, only got about 3 weeks to graduate, graduation day is June 12 for me!!!!!!!!!11


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Book Your Trip
Mooring Info & Rules
Two Harbors Mooring Information
The moorings around Santa Catalina Island are leased to private parties but rented when available. Mooring charges are based on the size of the mooring and the length of your stay. Moorings are available on a first-come, first-serve basis. Check-out time is 8:00 AM. If you wish to extend your stay, please contact the Harbor Patrol via VHF Channel 9 to check availability.
Mooring Usage
- Use pole to attach Bow Hawser to Bow Cleat. (Hawser is located approximately six-feet below the surface of the water)
- Run Spreader Line to boat stern. (Spreader Line is attached to Bow Hawser)
- Remove slack from Spreader Line and attach Stern Hawser to Stern Cleat.
- Re-check Bow and Stern Cleats to make sure you are moored securely. Keep the slack Spreader Line on the boat in order to keep the line clean and help prevent the excess growth on the spreader line.
Note: Tidal changes will affect your mooring. Lines need to be adjusted periodically as tide changes add or remove slack.
Leaving a Mooring
- First untie the stern line, then the bow line (wind conditions may require this to be done in the reverse order). Drop them and the spreader line into the water.
- To prevent fouling, allow time for lines to sink free and clear of your propeller. Double check that your propeller is clear of lines before proceeding.
- If you believe you have fouled your propeller, please call the Harbor Patrol on VHF Channel 9 for assistance.
Harbor Rules and Regulations
Speed Limit
Please observe the five-mile per hour, no-wake speed limit near mooring areas and anchorages.
Please observe quiet hours in all harbors between 10:00 PM and 7:00 AM.
Quiet hours apply for all generator usage. For safety reasons, do not leave generators running when going ashore. Commercial-grade generators are not allowed. Decibel levels must be below 60dB, (normal voice level). If you encounter generator abuse, please contact the Harbor Dept. on VHF channel 9.
Bright Lights
Please dim bright deck and underwater lights during quiet hours.
Anchoring is at your own risk. Courtesy to other boaters is of utmost importance. Anchoring is permitted 100 yards outside the mooring area and is administered by the Two Harbors Harbor Department. If you have questions about anchoring, please contact the Harbor Patrol via VHF Channel 9.
Dogs must be leashed at all times. Always clean up after your pet. Free refuse bags are available at the base of the pier. Do not tie dogs to patio, walkways or other places, or leave them unattended. The Catalina fox population is still recovering from an outbreak of canine distemper virus. Prior to coming ashore, please make sure your pets have all their current shots, including the distemper vaccination.


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Children die in Africa every
day because of war, hunger,
poverty and disease.
WER is committed to relieving the suffering of
these innocent lives, and continues to send food, clothing and medical supplies to help needy children and families.
Our vision is to give children all over the world
a living chance by addressing their practical, emotional, and economic needs, as well as the needs of their families and communities.
Board of Directors
How You Can Help
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The contents of this site, including graphics and text (unless otherwise noted) are Copyright © 2000 - 2018 by World Emergency Relief. All rights reserved.


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This is a Caribbean style Jerk BBQ Rub – and it's a good one. I've just tried it on chicken and thought I'd pass along what I did.
I make a brine out of it first…
1/2 Gallon Water
1 -4lb. Chicken, Whole
6 Tbsp – The Jerk
4 Tbsp -Light Brown Sugar
Let the chicken sit for 4 hours then pull it out & dry it off. Season with more The Jerk and wait until it melts into the meat. Remember to use the smallest container possible to brine your meats – less water means more intense results.
Grill or BBQ at 275F to 325F until done.
Remove the chicken from the cooker when the breast temps 160F
I'll be experimenting more with this BBQ Rub in the future, but for now it will be a top choice for flavor packed chicken.


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Dear Esteemed Associates,
We regret to inform that the ABO system will be under maintenance from 11:00am – 3:00pm on 3 June 2018 (Sunday). During this period, you are unable to access to ABO.
We apologize for any inconvenience caused.
We thank you for your understanding.
Yours sincerely,
Isagenix Singapore Support Team


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Didn't bring your boat….not to worry, rent one!
Pleasure boats for rent on Lake Texoma. If you don't have a boat, no problem! Rent one from our list of Lake Texoma Boat Rentals providers. Rent a ski or tow boat and get out on the lake for some fun on the water. Pontoon boats or ski boats for rent by the hour, day or weekend. Rent a canoe or kayak and paddle around quiet coves. Boats for rent by the hour, day or weekend. Just want to go to the Islands for an afternoon on the beach? Water Taxies and shuttles are available too. Take a tour of the lake with a private cruise offered by Charter Services providers. End the day with a dinner cruise or moonlight sail.
No listings found.


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Born in Moscow in 1969, Mikhail Sinkevich graduated from the St. Petersburg Conservatory in 1990 (choral conducting faculty) and in 1994 (opera/symphony conducting faculty, class of Prof. I. Musin)
From 1992 - 1994 he conducted at the St. Petersburg State Children?s Music Theatre, Zazerkalye and at the State Music Theatre of the Rimsky Korsakov Conservatory.
From 1994 v 1997 he was conductor of the National Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre of White Russia and, among others, he conducted works by Mozart (Die Zauberflote, Le nozze di Figaro), Rossini (The Barber of Seville), Verdi (La traviata, Aida), Puccini (Madama Butterfly), Rimsky Korsakov (The Tsar?s Bride, Mozart and Salieri), Borodin (Prince Igor). In addition to his activities as an opera conductor, he also conducted ballet works such as Tchaikovsky?s Nutcracker and Stravinsky?s Firebird. With the ensemble he toured to the Netherlands, Germany and Switzerland.
In 1996 he conducted the production of Donizetti?s "Il campanello di notte" at the St. Petersburg Chamber Opera Theatre.
In 1997 he was appointed Principal Guest Conductor of the State Music Theatre of Belorus (White Russia), where he conducted the main repertoire of the theatre (both opera and ballet) - a post he held until 2000. He conducted the company on various tours to Germany, the Netherlands and Switzerland. During the same period he also conducted numerous concerts at the State Academic Symphony Orchestra of Belorus and toured with the orchestra to Switzerland and Germany.
In 1999 Mikhail Sinkevich participated in the Putbus Festival, Germany and in 1999/2000 season he was repeatedly invited to conduct at the Opera Theatre of Perm and Novosibirsk.
Upon the invitation of Maestro Valery Gergiev, he joined the Mariinsky Theatre in 2000. Since then he has conducted works by Wagner (Das Rheingold, Die Walkure, Die Fliegende Hollander), Strauss (Salome), Verdi (Un ballo in maschera, Macbeth, La forza del destino), Mozart (Le nozze di Figaro), Puccini (Madama Butterfly, Turandot), Donizetti (Lucia di Lammermoor), Tchaikovsky (The Queen of Spades), Rimsky-Korsakov (Sadko), Shostakovitch (Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District) and Ludwig Minkus's ballet La Bayadere. He also conducted various concerts with the leading soloists of the theatre.
In the summer of 2001, Mikhail Sinkevtich took part in the Salzburg Festival, as musical assistant to Valery Gergiev in Peter Mussbach?s production of Shostakovitch?s Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District with the Vienna Philharmonic and the Chorus of the Mariinsky Theatre.
In October 2001 he gave his debut at the Melbourne Festival, conducting a performance of Strauss? Salome (production of the Mariinsky Theatre).
Took part in the Mariinsky Ballet Company?s tours to the Metropolitan Opera (New York) in July 2002, where he conducted performances of La Bayadere (revival of the 1900 production) and Jewels.
© State Academic Mariinkiy Opera and Ballet