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Triumph 'C' Range Machines 1957-1974
This site is designed to assist Buyers, Owners and Restorers in confirming the Specification for the Triumph 350cc and 500cc Machines.
It covers all models such as the Triumph T21, 3TA, 5TA, Tiger 90, Tiger 100 and the Competition, Police and Military Versions.
You will find detailed information on each model for each year together with sections on Dating, Colour Schemes and Parts.
Additionally there are sections on Triumph History, The Factory Records, Magazine Road Tests and The Works Manual.
Scroll Down Year by Year or use the Tabs above to direct you to the Other Sections.
When restoring any Meriden Triumph I recommend obtaining a copy of the Parts Catalogue for the year and the Owner's Manual if available.
It is also useful to consult the Brochures, Specifications Sheets, Supplementary Parts Lists, Road Tests and Appropriate Factory Bulletins
To view many of the Triumph Parts books use this link to Classic British Spares www.classicbritishspares.com and use their Parts Book library Tab.
To view the Brochures use this link to Classic Bike Biz http://classicbike.biz/ where you will find the Triumph Brochures and other material.
For Information and copies of the Brochures, Catalogues, Parts Books, Manuals, Bulletins and Road Tests contact the VMCC Library.
The VMCC Library holds the World's largest collection of publically available motorcycle literature, covering all
makes and models of Veteran, Vintage, Classic and Contemporary Motorcycles and Scooters over 25 Years Old.
The Library also holds the original Factory Records for Ariel, BSA, Levis, Norton, Scott and Triumph.
The full time staff can assist with Dating, Registration and Research inquiries for all Motorcycles.
Contact the VMCC Library by email at email@example.com or Phone 01283 540557 (UK)
From my work with the Factory Records and Interviews with former Dealers, Employees, Factory Riders, Triumph Experts and
Owners; together with studying surviving machines and original photographs, I have come to the conclusion that many machines
Especially Export, Police and Military models were built and sold in specifications that differ from the published brochures.
When you set out to restore any Triumph to 'Original' Condition I urge you to contact me via the VMCC Library.
Engine Frame Numbers H1-H760Models Covered
1957 Triumph T21
The 'C' range machines share parts and design features with other models in the Triumph Range and earlier parts show similar shapes and manufacturing methods.
The patent numbers you will find on the triangular plate on the timing cover and in period brochures refer to several Triumph features by now standard across the range.
Total production of the unit range between the start of production in 1957 with H1 to the last machine (T100T JJ 58013) in 1974 is 99,915.
The T21 was designed from the outset as a machine incorporating for then; modern features and aimed to attract new buyers looking for clean inexpensive transport.
Named in honour of the Company's 21st Anniversary, It is the first Triumph model to be fitted with the Bathtub enclosure.
The design brief was for a clean, high performance, 350cc roadster and the components and specifications applied reflect this.
Many parts for the T21 were taken from the T20 (Cub) and also the 500cc and 650cc machines, the abridged parts list published in April 1957 details all the parts shared with the other ranges, you can obtain a copy of this useful document from the VMCC Library, please quote 'Triumph Article 673' in your correspondence.
The Frame (pinned and brazed) comprises a single tube loop main frame with castings for the headset and rear engine support/swing arm. A bolted on sub frame supports the seat and rear suspension while additional welded on brackets are provided for other components.
The main frame is made from 1 3/8 OD 12 gauge tubing, duplex frame tubes for supporting the engine are 7/8 14 gauge, while the sub frame is a combination of 1 inch 15 gauge tubing for the uprights and 7/8 14 gauge for the seat support base. The headset and engine bridge support are malleable-iron castings.
For this early frame the Trail is 64.5 degrees as this matches Triumph practice for the period.
The forks are oil damped of conventional Triumph design for the period featuring chromed stanchions held in malleable cast iron brackets with the sliders supported by sintered bronze bushes. The long internal springs and damping control are housed within the stanchions. Externally there are painted covers. The lower sliders feature cast clamps and at the lower end is a mudguard support that can be hinged down to support the front wheel to assist in wheel removal.
The recommended quantity of SAE 30 Oil for each fork leg is 150cc.
The headset is enclosed by the trademark Triumph Nacelle, made in two parts with chrome trims disguising the joins, the Nacelle houses the headlamp with pilot light, combined ignition and lighting switch on the right, ammeter on the left, the speedometer and the horn. The steering damper knob is also mounted on the Nacelle. Shaped Rubber grommets are used where the handlebars pass into the nacelle and these additionally support the control cables and wiring.
The steering stops are associated with the lower fork bridge and there is a facility to lock the steering with a padlock.
The slightly upswept 1inch handlebar is attached by U bolts to the upper fork yoke, the brake and clutch levers are plain with vertical clamps and feature distinctive "One Finger" adjustment of the clutch and brake cables. This type of adjuster slides easily within the lever clamp and has a knurled adjuster turning half a turn at a time to change the cable tension.
On the left is a Lucas 25SA Combined dip/horn switch attached to the Clutch lever by a specialised clamp (Alloy casting), the wiring is grey. The Throttle on the right is the Doherty pattern and features a curved a sleeve so that the cable enters the nacelle smoothly, the throttle friction clutch is operated by a small adjusting knob.
The grips are similar to the Amal Pattern, Black, quite thin with a fine raised finish and embossed with the Triumph Logo.
The Ignition/Lighting switch is the Lucas PRS8 Type the three-position switch controls the Pilot lighting and headlamp. The Speedometer is the 120 Mph Smiths Chronometric with the trip meter operated by an extension accessible within the Nacelle. The Ammeter is the Black faced Lucas BM4 8-0-8 ampere type while the hidden horn is the Lucas HF1441 model. Look carefully on the reverse for the date code applied to all Lucas components.
The engine for the T21 was totally new, the first Triumph engine to feature unit construction with the gearbox housing as part of the right hand crankcase casting. The design allows the gearbox to be dismantled without disturbing the remainder of the engine. The 348 cc capacity is achieved with a bore of 58.25 mm and a stroke of 65.5 mm, the crankshaft is single forging (EN.16B Steel) with the central flywheel attached by radial bolts, very early machines feature straight sided crankshaft webs. Within the crankshaft is the removable sludge trap designed to assist in the filtration of the engine oil by separating out particles by the centrifugal action of the crankshaft. Oil is fed to the big end bearings through drillings associated with the sludge trap. On the left of the crank is the single row ball drive side bearing (Hoffmann Metric 330) while on the right is a VP3 Copper Lead bearing bush which is perforated so as to provide pressurised oil to the rotating crankshaft. From H500 the Timing side Crank Journal is heat treated and ground.
The connecting rods are steel stampings, split to hold the white metal thin wall big end bearings and fixed with special high tensile blind bolts and lock nuts. The small ends are pressed in phosphor bronze bushes.
The engine is quoted as producing 18.5 brake-horsepower at 6,500 r.p.m using 7.5:1 pistons.
The finned iron barrels are painted in silver heat resistant finish (see notes) and attached at their base by 8 short specialised studs and nuts. Between the barrels fore and aft are found the chromed push rod tubes which contain short pushrods operating on paired tappets; housed within removable blocks in the cylinder base.
The pushrod tubes are sealed with specialised silicone rubber washers at either end.
Note.. The Pushrod Cover arrangement is altered many times over the years and you will see numerous variations in parts. Sealing the tubes and the barrels always presented problems and was never really overcome successfully. Careful assembly using sealing compounds and new correct parts will minimise but is unlikely to completely eliminate leaks and many machines in regular use will have issues that develop over time.
The well-designed light alloy cylinder head is fixed by 8 specialised bolts, four of which pass through the rocker boxes; these have paired rockers moving on hollow hardened shafts. The rockers feature drillings to allow oil to be fed to the adjustable tappets, these adjusters are assessed by removable caps on the rocker boxes. Above the rocker boxes, is the branched oil feed pipe, oil is provided to the rocker shafts via drillings within each box. Each pipe is attached by a shouldered bolt running through the box and sealed with soft copper washers. The nuts associated with the oil ways are domed and cadmium plated. Additionally attached to the forward head bolts are the paired flat metal head steady's running to an attachment point on the frame, readily visible in period photographs.
Early Cylinder Heads appear to have smaller exhaust ports and stubs than later heads look for the casting number 3699 to identify an early example.
On the cylinder head near the Right Inlet Valve you will find a stamped alpha numeric code, these seem to show a date relationship, I am studying these but have yet to decipher the information, the alpha numeric code is seen on all 'C; range heads.
The paired case hardened nickel steel camshafts run in plain bronze collapsible bushes on the left and un-bushed within the right hand crankcase, oil scrolls assist lubrication. The Inlet camshaft additionally operates the paired plunger oil pumps, the distributor drive and the timed breather system. The camshafts are located with steel plates and screws, punched on assembly so as to prevent them loosening. The camshafts are keyed to the timing pinions. The paired oil pump feeds pressurised oil via drillings to the oil pressure relief valve located in the front of the crankcase. This features a Tell-Tail plunger to indicate the presence of oil pressure. From the relief valve drillings take the oil to the Timing Side crankshaft bush.
Oil having made its way from the crankshaft to the small sump within the crankcase is collected by the return pump via a filter gauze and curved pipe fixed within the right hand crankcase casting to be returned to the oil tank. The filter here is accessed via a removable cap forward underneath the engine.
The primary drive located on the left behind an oval cover is by a 3/8 non-tensioned, non-adjustable duplex chain to the Triumph 4 spring clutch of the period. The hub is fixed to the gearbox main shaft by a taper and located with a woodruff key. The clutch features 4 bonded and 4 plain plates. The clutch hub also incorporates a rubber shock absorber. Within the primary drive case is also located the Lucas three wire Alternator, the rotor keyed to the crankshaft and secured with a shouldered nut and locking washer. Access to the final drive sprocket is via a removable plate (with oil seal) behind the clutch basket. The small attachment screws are punched to prevent them coming loose.
The parts book indicates that there is a chain oiler jet but this is not illustrated and for these early machines the primary cover does not have the arrangement for tensioning or adjusting the chain.
In a Tri-Cor Bulletin of 21st July 1961 the Chain Oiler Tube is described and is recommended to be blocked off to prevent oil leaks.
This blocked off tube remains on the "C" Range machines for several years and is the small hollow stud seen behind the Clutch corresponding with the lower part of the final drive sprocket!
The Clutch operating mechanism is by a quick thread screw; the cable enters the gearbox via a simple grommet on the top of the outer cover and connects directly to the clutch release lever within the gearbox. Replacing the cable requires removal of the entire outer cover and extracting the cable through the rubber cover of the distributor as well.
The four-speed gearbox features plain bushes for the lay shaft and ball bearings for the main, the gears are built up onto an intermediate cover while the outer cover contains the positive stop mechanism and clutch release screw. A useful gear indicator is provided attached to the selector quadrant. The gears are down for down arrangement and selected to make the most of the power available. Ratios are 13.0/9.32/6.30/5.31. The Gearbox sprocket has 18 Teeth.
The Engine Gearbox unit is held in the frame by shaped plates forward, the fasteners here are studs with distinctive dome headed nuts, while underneath, behind and above the gearbox are spacers and plates fixed by studs with conventional nuts.
The Carburettor is an 375 Amal Monoblock, there is no choke arrangement though the carb features the usual tickler arrangement and receives its air via a rubber hose from an oblong air filter attached forward on the left of vertical main frame rail. Carb size is 13/16 inch.
The twin exhausts are 1 inch in diameter and terminate into the Triumph style of tubular silencer this does not show the offset entry of later silencers. The silencers are attached to the frame by short lengths of tubing with trapped ends. The same support is used to attach the pillion footrests if these optional extras are fitted.
Recent documentation I have seen indicates that Triumph Silencers were made by Burgess one of the many Birmingham companies supplying the British Motor industry.
The short chrome plated Kickstart folds at the top, its 'Triumph' monogrammed rubber is closed at the end, while the chromed gear lever forward also shows 'Triumph'
There is a Factory Photograph showing a Radio and Handlebar Fairing Equipped machine which features extended cylindrical silencers. This machine does not represent normal production specification and several details lead me to believe that this is a 1958 display machine to stimulate sales to the Police.
The Distributor located behind the right hand cylinder is the Lucas 18D2 Unit; reference 40573, driven by a skew gear from the inlet camshaft and is neatly covered and protected from the elements by a large rubber sleeve. The ignition timing is adjusted by loosening a clamp located on the crankcase.
The wheels are 17 inch, Dunlop WM2 Chrome rims 3.35 Front and Rear, The front tyre is a 3.25/17 inch Dunlop. Ribbed in the pattern of the modern Avon Speedmaster, while the Rear is a 3.25/17 inch Dunlop universal; the tread pattern of the modern Avon SM.
New for 1957 is the full width front hub, painted silver with a 7inch lightly polished alloy brake plate on the right and a shaped chromed hub on the left showing pressed concentric circles. The brake shoes fitted are not fully floating at this point in production while the cable stop fits on the lower fork.
The brake cable is additionally supported to the mudguard by a small P bracket.
The rear wheel features the common hub from the other Triumph models; there is a combined tubular brake torque stay and lower chain guard. Like the front brake the rear brake shoes are not fully floating.
A single piece upper Chainguard attaches to the left side of the swing arm using a specialised fastening at the rear and can swing up to assist wheel and or chain removal once this fastening is loose.
Both sides of the rear axle show shaped spacers and have the effective Triumph type chain adjuster, all parts cadmium plated.
It is quite normal for the left adjuster to foul the brake plate when set to the minimum chain length. The nuts associated with the adjusters are an early type of 'Nyloc' fastener,
it important to use this type here.
The Brake rod adjuster is simple in form, T shaped and cadmium plated or chrome plated.
Standard Girling Rear Shock Absorbers (SB3 4234) using 100 lb springs are fitted with painted/chromed covers.
Extended length is 11.9 ins, compressed is 9.4 ins.
The Lucas Brake light switch, new for 1957 is the 6SA unit and operates by movement of a small ear on the brake lever, the switch itself attached to the brake torque stay nearby. The cables to the switch pass through a moulded rubber cover.
The Smiths Speedo drive unit is the early angular form and appears 'upside down'!
The ribbed and flanged front mudguard is the full (Roman Helmet) style and is attached to the lower fork sliders by a shaped brace; the lower mudguard stay loops within the mudguard and when released by a single nut is able to act as a stand to help with wheel removal. On the mudguard is fitted the front number plate fitted within a stylish chrome surround (Patented). The rear mudguard is hidden by the bathtub enclosure, which is a new Triumph feature for 1957. The Bathtub enclosure is made from two 22 gauge steel pressings bolted together with a rubber strip between them. The bolts are carefully hidden so that the finish is neat. The panels are supported by the seat loop and fastened by four self-tapping screws around the seat loop together with additional brackets associated with the fuel tank mount. Hidden underneath is a support stay running from the suspension mounts to a point at the rear of the panels. This is nicely illustrated in the description article in "The Motor Cycle" of 28th February 1957. The stay rarely survives and many restored machines omit this feature in error. It is not illustrated or mentioned in the parts book!
The rear number plate is attached by two nuts and bolts at the lower edge, the single upper mounting fits neatly between the Bathtub panels and no fixing is visible from the top.
On each side of the bathtub is found the Chromed 'Twenty One' script, while on the right is the removable chromed knob; which releases the seat.
The fuel tank 3½ Gallons (16 Litres) has fore and aft mountings, no tank top grid or central styling strip. Fitted are the chrome styling strips on either side of the Mouth Organ type Tank badge. There are Black rubber knee grips featuring the Triumph motif and are attached by two screws on either side. The 1957 Parts Catalogue has an illustration of an early machine and tank within the preface but the Petrol tank shown later is the later version.
The fuel tap is the Ewarts type with separate plungers for main and reserve leading to a single clear plastic fuel pipe connecting to the carburettor
All early machines do not feature the Parcel Grid and I am trying to ascertain if this is fitted to any 1957 machines.
The Oil Tank is hidden behind the Bathtub Panels suspended at the top by two flat steel strips bridging the frame, additionally there is a lower mount associated with the rear engine plate. The cap incorporates a dip-stick, while at the bottom is an extension to allow the drain plug to be reached by a spanner and a removable filter and connection for the oil pipes.
The seat (Supplied by Motoplas) has a shaped a metal base topped with Latex foam; the covering is Black Vynide for both the top and sides separated by white piping. The lower fringe of the seat cover nearest the base is in grey. There is a centrally fixed passenger strap. The seat hinges on the left, raising but restrained by a wire to give assess to the Air Filter, Oil Tank filler, Battery within it's cradle, Rectifier, Coil and the Tools, which are housed in a moulded tray covering the rear mudguard. The inner mudguard extends forwards and attaches to the frame at several points, using a tapped hole in the main frame forging as one of the locations, this tapped hole survives for many years and can be seen on all models up to 1967. The early seat base is nicely illustrated in the parts catalogue and shows the rubber pad for the battery and also the export only Safety Strap.
The Lucas MA6 coil is attached by a loop bracket to the inner rear mudguard and angled to allow the HT cable to exit to the left.
Current Rectification is taken care of by the large Lucas 47111 rectifier mounted to the left of the coil on a welded bracket with the connections protected by a rubber sleeve.
Photographs showing the seat base of the early factory machines (Gloss Black) show an unusual foam rubber extension to retain the battery in position when the seat is closed.
The Lucas alternator is a composite of an RM13 Stator and RM15 Rotor, lighter than the RM15 but efficient at lower engine speeds.
The three cell; six volt Lucas PUZ7E/11 battery supplies charge for the all the electrical needs including ignition, the wiring to the alternator is arranged; in combination with the ignition/lighting switch to provide adequate charging capacity depending on load. There is an "Emergency Start" circuit.
Lighting comprises the Lucas 700 Motorcycle headlamp with Pilot light; look carefully for 'Motorcycle' written in the glass. The period Lucas catalogue details variations for export models. On the rear number plate is found the Lucas 564 combined tail/brake/reflector light, look for the Lucas part numbers. The plastic lens is attached by specialised slotted chromed fasteners; mating to studs that pass through extensions within the lens.
The finish for the 21 is confusing to say the least, (H1 to H100) are Metallic Silver Grey including the frame and engine mounts. From H101 the finish is Shell Blue Sheen including the Frame parts and engine mounts with only the number plates in Black. Sometime later the frame parts become Black! Possibly from H288 as there is a note in the front of Triumph Record Book 147.
The cylinder barrels are shown finished Silver in the brochures but one road test machine shows these as black! The majority of the engine cases are un-polished apart from the three covers and the rocker boxes. These are not highly polished but generally show a satin sheen.
The fasteners for the covers are distinctive Phillips head screws.
On the Timing cover is the Triangular Patent Plate; this reads 'Triumph 350 Twin' Made under Patent Numbers etc.
Photographs of H120 show the machine having the external Pannier Brackets fitted but these do not appear in the 1957 brochure, the parts book or on period shots of other machines. From H301 Pannier Brackets are recorded as fitted to the frame but holes are not provided in the bodywork and owners must pierce the panels themselves to complete the fittings. The holes that show in the upper suspension gussets are part of the pannier fitting arrangement (these continue for years to come).
From H434 the Side Stand is recorded fitted as standard though this and the pillion footrests are advertised as 'Extras'!
The Mainstand on early machines is not the 'Easylift' Stand indicated in the 1958 Catalogue published in October 1957.
The 57 Parts book in my personal collection does not illustrate all of the parts such as the front mudguard arrangement, exhausts or primary drive cover, it also shows parts fitted which will be appropriate only for the very early machines.
Interestingly part of the manual concerning part ordering is printed in French, Spanish and German
I can provide additional engine and frame technical data on the "21" and other models in the 1957 to 1960 range taken from the Johnson Motors dealer meeting at the Huntington Sheraton Hotel in January 1960.
This interesting book was produced for the dealers and mechanics attending this event and describes pricing, sales, advertising, parts ordering and detailed technical data
on both the Triumph and Ariel ranges.
Notes for 1957
The Reasons for the introduction and popularity or otherwise of the Bathtub are somewhat complex. It needs to be remembered that in the late 50's and early 60's the Scooter had become very popular and was seen as clean and inexpensive transport. Many UK manufactures attempted to enter the scooter market with new products Triumph included (Tina Scooter). There have been many attempts over the decades to sanitise mainstream motorcycling and the Bathtub was Triumph's attempt!
Unfortunately for Triumph the market was moving and the family man who would previously bought a motorcycle for his daily use was now buying a small car and motorcycling especially in America was becoming a leisure activity where style was more important than cleanliness.
For the USA the Model Name 'Twenty One' conveniently described the cubic capacity, in the period literature this is not indicated and I believe that an Urban Myth has arisen that the model was named to convey the cc rather than the anniversary!
In 1956 by industry agreement there is no London Motorcycle Show the various manufactures would usually have prepared new models for display at this prestigious end of year event. Because there was no show Triumph did not complete development of the exciting new 'Twenty One' until early 1957.
Engine Production officially begins with H1 to H4 sometime after the 15th February 1957 though there will have been several months of activity previously to design and arrange a supply of parts for the revolutionary new model. These first engines are not built in the engine workshop but within the experimental department.
Production of engines H5 to H36 is on the 19th March 1957. H36 is sent to the experimental dept and production does not start again until the 13th April when new flywheel balance weights are applied obviously as a result of tests on H36. The engine record book during this early period is fascinating as it details a number of small changes and details, i.e. machines destined for Australia are fitted with +10 thou Pistons and Barrels.
There is an interesting anecdote of Percy Tait achieving 80 mph on one of the test machines in order to escape the pursuing press who were interested in this new and as yet unidentified model!
Complete machines H1 and H2 are recorded as being assembled on the 22nd February 1957 with H3 on the 28th and H4 on the 8th March, the first two machines are shown at the RAI Motorcycle Exhibition in Amsterdam from 28th Feb-10th March 1957.
H1 H2, H5 and H6 are sent to Stokvis & Zonen, Holland, H3 to Germany, H4 to Sweden, and H7 & H8 to Norway while other early machines go to dealers in Denmark, Malta, Japan, Singapore, Chile and Algiers. Machines H5 and H6 are known to survive.
H5 was sold at the Stafford Show Bonham's Auction in April 2017.
The first machine supplied to a UK dealer is H39.
H39, H41, H45, H50-H52 and H88 are possibly test machines as though made in early 1957 are not recorded as dispatched until November, all of these are sent to UK Dealers with the Factory Records carefully amended.
H39 sent to Elite Motors Tooting Ltd. 951/965 Garratt Lane, Tooting SW17 on 15/11/57
H41 sent to Harveys, Lambeth SW8 on 15/11/57
H45 Sent to Pride & Clark, 158 Stockwell Road, London on 15/11/57
H50 Sent to Kings of Oxford on 22/11/57
H51 Sent to W. Shearings, 23 North Street, Bishops Stortford on 16/11/57
H52 Sent to Pride & Clarke, 158 Stockwell Road, London on 14/11/57
H120 (WAC 574) Sent to Cliffe & Sons, London SE1 on 15/5/57 pictures of this factory/press machine survive in the VMCC archive.
H71 appears to be the first official UK machine sent to Marble Arch Motor Supplies on the 27th May 1957. UK machines in general do not start until H120 (WAC 574) which is sent to Cliffe & Sons London SE1.
The first USA machine appears to be H85 sent to Johnson Motors with H96 going to Tri-Cor but generally very few of these 1957 machines are sent to the USA.
There are photographs featuring one of these early machines taken in Baltimore where Tri-Cor were based, so it is possible to assume that this machine is H96!
Look for Cycle (USA) December 1957 as this has a Test and a nice illustration of Gill Stratton (Actor, Sports Reporter) with his new T21.
Most of these early production machines are exported with destinations as varied as Costa Rica, Algeria, Borneo, Mexico, Japan, South Africa, Australia etc.
In total some 485 T21 machines are exported for 1957, only 11 machines go to the USA, 5 to Johnson Motors and 6 to Tri-Cor.
Look for "The Motor Cycle" of 28th February 1957 for an extremely detailed and beautifully illustrated write-up. The machine featured is likely to be one of the very early machines H1 to H4 as no others had been manufactured by the date of the publication. Within the magazine are other promotional images and photographs.
Another road test is available in "The Motorcycle" 7th March 1957 but the images are poor. Again this will be one of the very early machines.
Cycle (USA) of December 1957 has a road test on one of the early US machines.
The 25th April 1957 copy of "The Motorcycle" is a test impression of a T21 registered TUE 751
The Motorcycle of 17th April 1958 shows WAC 574 (H120) on the cover though there are no further details or pictures in the magazine.
The VMCC in their archive have a copy of the press brochure together with some excellent photographs of early machines which show details that are not normally visible.
Contact Annice at the VMCC Library to arrange copies or scans of the photographs for your own use.
The Price for the T21 is £ 217 without extras fitted.
Engine Frame Numbers H761-H5480Models Covered
1958 Triumph T21
Many of the details for the 1957 T21 apply for the 1958 model.
For 1958 there is a new frame with revised steering angle (possibly 67 degrees) and a new 'Stressed' petrol tank, now showing the raised central seam covered by the chrome trim, with the addition of the parcel grid on the tank top. This new tank is 'Stressed' by the inclusion of a squared beam running longitudinally between the fixing points, the top of the beam is visible through the fuel cap aperture.
The front brake hub is now painted black and on the offside is shown a fluted chrome cover, this only applies for 1958!
For 1958 there are new Silencers, now asymmetric with the exhaust pipe entering lower down and therefore raising the silencer slightly, the brackets to attach the silencers to the machine and to support the pillion footrests change to an improved shape which now becomes standard for the model until 1963.
The Mainstand is now the 'Easylift' stand indicated in the 1958 brochure and displayed in the 1959 brochure.
After H3330 the carb size changes to 25/32 inch, now with the plunger choke fitted though this is likely to have been added earlier in production.
The Dualseat illustrated in the 1958 catalogue (above image) shows the seat strap but this is inaccurate, it may remain on some export machines.
From July 1958 the method of securing the battery changes to the later form where a rod passes across the battery holding this in place.
1958 T21 machines will be finished overall in Blue Sheen with Black Frames and ancillary parts including hubs. Cylinder fins are generally Silver Sheen.
A Tri-Cor Bulletin of 10th January 1958 describes a Plastic Battery Cover that should be fitted before the machine is sold and to not overfill the battery.
This probably covers machines before H2769 when the Battery Tray is changed to eliminate the earlier issues of acid vapours causing corrosion.
Production for 1958 begins on the 10th September 1957 with H761 sent to Hacks Cycle Store, British Giuana on the 20th September
The first UK machine is H774 sent to F.H. Blackpool and Co Ltd, Stanstead Road, Forest Hill, London on the 18th September.
Only 637 machines are sent to the USA with approximately equal numbers to Johnson Motors and Tri-Cor.
33 T21 machines are supplied to UNICEF (Kenya), a picture is available in the BSA Group News Centenary booklet, this rare and fascinating book can be viewed at the VMCC Library in Burton on Trent (Open to Members of the VMCC)
The 1958 brochure shows the under seat area of a T21, I have identified this machine as H120 as the image is taken from the publicity shots of this machine and therefore does not actually represent a 1958 model !
I have in my photo collection a number of images of T21's taken at the factory in September 1957, kindly provided by Mike Estall of Tiger Cub Fame.
There are no UK road tests on the model in 1958 but look for "The Motorcycle" of 24th October 1957 for an article on the Improvements to the Triumph Range for 1958.
In the 1958 ISDT (West Germany) Roy Peplow is riding for the Great Britain A Vase Team is on a 500cc Triumph this is in fact an earlier Triumph Trophy (UAC 534)
List Price for the T21 from Sep 1st 1957 (1958 season) is £ 228/5s/11d
List price in the USA is $ 818
Engine Frame Numbers H5481-H11511Models Covered
1959 Triumph T21
1959 Triumph 3TA 1959 Triumph 5TA
1960 Triumph T100A
(Prototypes) H6282 and H9480
The engine number will be preceded by the model type to indicate the general specification. Machines were supplied to a variety of overseas customers and it is important to identify the original destination and user of your machine before commencing restoration. Machines supplied in batches to overseas governments would have been made to a particular specification often far removed from Home market (UK) machine specification.
Police machines indicated in the build and despatch records are for both UK and Export and feature detail differences from Standard Machines. Contact me…
1959 sees the introduction of the 5TA, which replaces the earlier 5T, the ancestor of the famous Speed Twin of 1938
The crankshaft for the 3TA and 5TA are common but rather than the stamped steel conrods of the 3TA the 5TA uses Light Alloy H-Section rods. The stroke remains at 65.5 mm but the bore is increased to 69.0 mm to give the new capacity of 490cc and fitted with 7:1 pistons the performance improves to 27 b.h.p at 6,500 r.p.m.
The 5TA has a 20 tooth gearbox sprocket in place of the 18 tooth one of the 3TA/21. Both machines have the same gearbox internal ratios but the 20 tooth sprocket raises the overall ratios to 11.56,8.35,5.62 & 4.8 to 1.
The 5TA also features a slightly larger 375/3 (7/8inch) Amal Monoblock Carb.
The 5TA features an increase in rear tyre width to 3.5 inches while the T21/3TA retains the 3.25 Tyre Size as before.
For both models a revised method of attaching the air filter is used, illustrated in the "The Motorcycle" of 23rd Oct 1958. This allows the filter to be extracted through the seat opening rather than removing the left hand Bathtub Panel. Also shown in the illustration is the Plunger for the Choke, the clear petrol pipe with ferrule and the distributor clamp.
The modifications feature in "The Motorcycle" indicates that the front brake cam lever is altered to improve the action and that plain chrome covers on the hub replace the fluted covers fitted for 1958, even though the image above shows the fluted cover!
So far No 3TA or 5TA machines have been fitted with the QD rear hub and it is not listed in the optional extras which remain advertised as Prop Stand and Pillion Footrests.
Colours for 1959 are …
3TA Shell Blue Sheen, Black Frame, Silver Sheen Front Hub and Cylinder Fins
5TA Amaranth Red Overall including the Hubs and rear brake drum. Black Cylinder fins
US brochures describe the colours as Azure Blue and Continental Red
A few machines are supplied in other Colours, 3TA's H8945 and H8946 are supplied to the Ministry of Supply London. H8946 in Charcoal Finish !
Other machines supplied to the Police or in batches to foreign governments such as Vietnam may be in an alternative scheme.
Parts Book No: 2 this starts from H5485! Like the earlier parts book not all the parts are illustrated.
Notes for 1959
This is a summary of the engine modifications made during 1959 and the models that they apply to/from, these details are taken from the Factory Engine Build Records
H5785 Modified Kick Starter Shaft Bush from here
H7039 Shorter Valve Guides Fitted from here
H7116 All subsequent 5TA's now have Tapered Piston Rings
H8141 Modified Tappet Guide Blocks to improve sealing of the Push Rod Covers
H8141 Thicker Push Rod Cover Seals from here
H9001 New Alternator Grommet
H10049 Modified Distributor Oil Seal
Production for 1959 begins on the 17th September 1958 with show models for the Paris Show (3rd Oct 58) and the Earls Court Show (Nov 15th-22nd)
3TA H5481 is eventually sent to Nigeria (10th December)
3TA H5482 is sent to Decat of Belgium on the 6th December
5TA H5483 is sent to Campbell & Cameron
5TA H5484 is sent to F. Llewellyn & Co Ltd, Liverpool on 18th Dec 1959
5TA H6187 is sent to The Daimler Company, Coventry for a Mr Hopper on the 18th Feb 59
One of the 5TA's is shown at Earls Court fitted with a Radio in the Tank Top I believe that this is H5484.
The first Production 3TA for 1959 is H5485 sent to Kingston Motors, Kingston on Thames
The first Production 5TA for 1959 is H5785 sent to Julius Martinez, Nicaragua as part of a batch of 23 machines.
H5881 is a 5TA built by the experimental dept, eventually dispatched to J Surtees on 23rd Oct 59
H5939 is a 5TA possibly a press machine or factory machine eventually dispatched to Slocombes of Neasden (3rd Oct 1960)
H6549 is possibly the first Police Specification 3TA, supplied to the Bucks Constabulary on 21st November 1958.
H6550 is also a Police Specification machine but is retained until March 1959 when it is sent to Surtees, West Wickham.
H8656 appears to be the First Police Specification 5TA supplied to Hadlers of Chelmsford followed later by H8900
3TA's H8945 and H8946 are supplied to the Ministry of Supply, London. H8946 is in a Charcoal Finish !
H6159 is a 5TA which is converted to a TR5AC by the competition department, this machine is registered to the Factory as 565 AAC.
H6282 is an engine taken from a 3TA production batch on the 12th November 1958 and transferred to the Experimental Department for conversion to a T100A.
This machine is sent to Slocombes of Neasden on the 16th November 1959.
H9480 the T100A production prototype is a taken from a batch of 5TA's on the 22nd May 1959 and built for the Experimental Dept with high compression pistons.
Two sets of photographs of this machine survive in the VMCC archive, one with the machine finished in Blue or Silver Sheen (unregistered) and the other set with the machine in Black over Ivory (registered 148 AUE). Also see the road test in "Motor Cycling" March 10th 1960 featuring this machine.
Both sets of photographs clearly show the engine stamped as 5TA H9480, it later is sent to Jack Surtees, West Wickham on the 8th July 1960
The whereabouts of this interesting machine is as yet unknown, one to look out for ….
From my collection of Tri-Cor Bulletins and articles is a Brochure Sheet describing converting the 5TA to an AMA Class "C" Racer, this sheet details the soon to be available "Race Kit" and gives comprehensive details of the modifications required and parts needed for Class "C" Road Racing and Class "C" Dirt Track Racing. Included are Photographs of Two Machines, see above.
At Daytona a modified 5TA ridden by Ralph Tysor from Charlotte NC puts in the second fastest qualifying time at a speed of 120 mph, there is a picture of the machine and rider in Motor Cycle News of Wednesday March 18th 1959
If you have a 5TA Project Bike, you could consider these specifications as an option to an Original Registration. If you have found a 5TA in the USA carefully assess the engine specification as your machine may have been converted into one of these exciting machines.
Two machines are reported to have been entered for the National Championships at Laconia in June 1959.
An early production 1959 5TA was entered in the 1959 Thruxton 500, coming seventh in the unlimited multi-cylindered event, the machine is used in other production bike events at Silverstone and Snetterton before being converted by Cyril Jones to a track bike in 1962. See the article in Motorcycle Mechanics September 1965.
The interesting modification on this machine is the swing arm to frame support as used on the later Daytona bikes and 1967 production machines.
1959 Production ends on the 4th September 1959 with H11511 a 3TA sent to Austria (part of a group of six)
Exports for this year are to varying locations as usual but relatively few machines are sent to the USA.
3TA machines (H6237 & H6557-H6585) and 5TA machines (H6938 & H6955-H7088) are sent to Aziz, South Vietnam. One Survives in the UK!
New export markets recently opened by Triumph are South Vietnam and Peru; 30 Twenty-Ones for the Vietnamese Customs service and 137 Speed Twins for other departments. The Peru Dispatch was for 30 Speed twins to be used by the Police in Lima, the capital. 100 TRW's are going to Pakistan, which means that the Pakistan army now has nearly 1000 Triumphs in service. A repeat order is from Jamaica for 21 Speed twins to replace earlier models used by the police. Motor Cycle 26th Feb 1959.
For Illustrations of the 5TA you will need the "Motor Cycle" Road Test of 15th January 1959 and 14th May 1959, both featuring 698 AAC (H6782)
Also look for Harry Woolridge's excellent book on the Speed Twin which covers in detail the development history of the model from 1938 to its demise in 1966.
There is a 1959 road test of a 3TA with excellent photographs available in the 30th April copy of "Motor Cycling", this features 914 AAC.
I have yet to identify the Engine number of this machine.
As usual for 1959 Triumphs were exported for Government use around the world.
Also look up images of Kwame Nkrumah's Motorcade. Ghana 1959 which features a number of 3TA's.
Prices for the 1959 season are …
3TA £ 228/5s/11d
5TA £ 245/15s/2d
Engine Frame Numbers H11512-H18611
Models Covered
1960 Triumph 3TA
1960 Triumph 5TA
1960 Triumph T100A
1960 Sees the introduction of the T100A which replaces the successful pre-unit T100, like the 5TA earlier it uses many parts common to the range but is improved by using 9:1 Pistons and sports camshafts giving 32 b.h.p at 7000 r.p.m. The Cylinder Head, Carb and the gear ratios remain as for the 5TA.
Another innovation is the use of energy transfer ignition allowing a battery and rectifier to be dispensed with though both are retained to provide current to the lights.
It needs to be considered that the Pre-Unit Tiger 100 that this model replaces is a sporting model and was often modified for racing and off road use.
The 3TA and 5TA share the E3858/E3839 Camshafts but for the T100A E4022/E4023 camshafts are fitted. The Tappets are common across the range.
The alternator on the T100A is not keyed to the crankshaft but is driven by a dowel on the face of the engine sprocket engaging with one of two marked sockets on the rear of the rotor. For normal use the driving dowel engages with the socket marked S but for racing purposes the R socket can be used to advance the ignition timing.
Distributor part numbers for the models are ….
T100A 40710 40710B after H17466
The T100A features the Lucas 2ET Ignition Coil while the 3TA and 5TA continue with the Lucas MA6 ignition coil.
Police Machines supplied with the High Output Alternator have additional wiring and a switch to enable the higher charge rate to be enabled at any time.
Alternative Lucas Parts are provided on these machines, contact me for advice.
The T100A though sharing the same gearbox components as the other models does feature new clutch components to allow two more plates to be fitted. Though complete Clutches are interchangeable be aware that the Clutch components are not!
The 1960 Parts book shows the 5TA and T100A now fitted with the Primary Chain Tensioner this consists of a spring steel blade which can be adjusted to bear upon the chain by access to a screwed sleeve inside the primary drive drain plug. The Chaincase of the 3TA retains the earlier form and so the part numbers differ (E3107-E4122).
During the production year the 3TA is also fitted with the adjuster starting with H18392. See Notes for 1960.
Unlike the 3TA and 5TA which are fitted with silencers incorporating baffles the T100A has less restrictive absorption type silencers (E4157-.8) with removable mutes.
All models now have the QD rear wheel as an option, interestingly most early machines manufactured have this option.
The Nacelle of the 3TA and 5TA remain as for earlier but there is a new Nacelle Top for the T100A to accommodate the smaller Lucas SA41 Lighting switch.
From H13116 the Bathtub Panels change so that the fixing flanges are now external and easier to assemble, a new number plate design is required. I also believe that the support stay seen with the earlier Bathtub is deleted. This stay is not illustrated in the parts book and is only seen in the 1957 3TA press bulletin.
From 1960 all the models have uprated shock absorber springs now at 130 lb, optional springs, of 110 and 145 lb's are available.
The parts book shows that the 5TA has a different damper unit!
Factory illustrations show that the front Hub Plate has reverted to the plain non fluted style.
Another press illustration shows the presence of a tyre pump located under the Petrol Tank.
American models feature higher bars and appropriate cables.
Colours for 1960
3TA Shell Blue Sheen, Black Frame and ancillary components, Black Hubs; Silver cylinder fins.
5TA Now in Ruby Red overall, Black Cylinder Fins
T100A Black over Ivory separated by Gold lining on the petrol tank, all other cycle parts Black, Black hubs, Silver cylinder fins.
It needs to be noted that machines supplied to overseas governments and Police models will have differing specification.
I urge you to contact the VMCC or the Triumph Owners Club to confirm the original destination of your machine and conduct an internet picture search.
Optional extras include QD Wheels, Pillion Footrests and Prop Stand
Parts book No: 3 covers machines from H11512
While the earlier parts books are not fully illustrated parts book 3 is and shows the components for each of the models.
Notes for 1960
This is a summary of the engine modifications made during 1959 and the models that they apply to/from, these details are taken from the Factory Engine Build Records
H12014 Crankshaft Timing Side Bearing a Locking device is fitted comprising a small plate located by a screw.
H12107 New type engine sprockets fitted, incorporating drillings for an extractor.
H12313 First T100A with primary chain tensioner
H13115 First 5TA with primary chain tensioner
H18392 First 3TA with primary chain tensioner
Police machines become identifiable within the build records as the engines are to a differing specification and recorded as such.
As there is no Earls Court show in 1959 no machines are produced for display but 5TA H12614 is a USA Show Machine.
1960 Production begins on the 1st October 1959 with 3TA's (H11512-H11545) destined for the USA
H11962 is the first 5TA for 1960 (sent to Uganda)
H12313 is the first production T100A made on the 16th October 1959. Sent to Johnson Motors on the 22nd October.
H12331 is the first UK production T100A sent to Pat Keebles, Leiston.
Most early production of the T100A is for export, you will find them in Borneo, Cyprus, Australia, Venezuela and the USA.
1960 production ends with 3TA H18611 on the 2nd September 1960 this machine is dispatched to Nigeria
The road test of the T100A featured in "Motorcycling" of March 10th 1960 in fact shows 148 AUE the production prototype T100A, actually made early in 1959.
The photos show some interesting details; notably that the rocker covers are on the wrong way round and that the cylinder fins are Black! The article states that the machine is 'new' and not run in, I suspect that the engine has been re-conditioned.
Excellent photographs of this interesting machine survive in the VMCC. See my 1959 notes.
Roy Peplows Trials Tiger 100 built by Henry Vale in the competition shop carries the registration 612 BFD, a Dudley Registration from July 1960, this well known machine is pictured in Don Morleys "Classic British Trials Bikes".
Roy told me that he bought the machine cheaply near his home, second hand and the factory helped to convert it for trials use. It eventually became uncompetitive against the lighter Cubs and later foreign two strokes. As with many competition machines, upgrades were regularly added during its life.
The Tri-Cor Monthly Hints and Tips Service Department Bulletin for January 1960 indicates that nine T100A machines are entered in the 100 Mile Class "C" amateur race at Daytona Beach (March 7th to 13th) and Six Expert Riders on New Triumphs in the 200 Mile National !
Bob Burnett (T100A) Finishes 4th in the Amateur Race.
These race machines are likely to be from between H13749 to H13840 as this is a group of T100A's dispatched to the USA in late December 1959.
In "Motorcycle Mechanics" June 1960 is a Road Test and Decoke article on a 1960 3TA (683 AWD)
In 1960 at the Bonneville Salt Flats Danny Macias takes a modified 3TA to a new class 'C' speed record of 116.42 mph.
The machine survives and appears in a you tube video at www.youtube.com/watch?v=L699Ry3MvRs
Danny Later becomes Triumph's Racing Manager and appears in several later period photographs.
Prices as stated in September 1959 for the 1960 season.
3TA £ 227/19s/8d
5TA £ 237/12s/8d
T100A £ 247/17s/9d
1961 Triumph T90
1961 Triumph T100A
1961 Triumph TR5AR
1961 Triumph TR5AC
1961 Triumph 3TA
1961 Triumph 5TA
The Factory records show that a number of machines produced after H24241 were converted to 1962 Specification, this includes 73 5TA's and 177 T100A's converted to 3TA's these machines retain the original T100A Frame and Engine numbers although new engines were fitted. If your machine falls within this group it is vital that you consult the factory records held by the VMCC to confirm the model and specification.
For 1961 the 3TA, 5TA and the Tiger 100A are joined by New Models for Export only, the TR5AC and TR5AR; most of these destined for America.
The TR5AC features a rubber mounted small competition petrol tank, Trials Universal Tyres 3.25-19 Front 4.00-18 Rear, Wide ratio Gears, Direct lighting, Energy Transfer Ignition without battery, detachable headlamp and Siamesed exhaust system terminating into a slightly upswept silencer.
On early batch machines the small Tank is held in place by a rubber band strap which is later replaced by the four Shouldered Bolts and Rubber Bushes seen on all later tanks.
To Confirm the Specification refer to the Supplement to the Parts Book No:4 as this details the sports models which have four versions for 1961-62.
This important document is essential for restorers of these USA models.
The TR5AR features the larger (standard) petrol tank, ET Ignition, with a battery fitted, a standard gearbox, 19 inch front wheel with Ribbed Tyre and 18 inch rear Universal. Twin low level exhausts are fitted. The TR5AR is illustrated below.
Both the TR5AC and AR are not fitted with the left hand side 'Side Panel' as this is not introduced as yet. Both models show the unusual looped rear mudguard stays which are seen on the 1962 Home Market T100SS.
Note that the Engine Number will show TR5R or TR5C rather than the code TR5AR or AC.
All models feature a new head lug angle frame (H4849) introduced to cater for the sports models, this has a slightly increased trail.
The frame will show the brackets associated with the pannier fittings, these are usually hidden under the Bathtub but are seen on the early US TR5 models.
All models in the range are now fitted with the re-designed 'Floating Shoe' brake, this has a hardened steel slipper between the light alloy shoe and the fixed spindle. The chromed hub remains relatively plain as before.
Pre 61 brake shoes will not fit the new assembly but later shoes will fit the early brake plate assembly.
Forks … All models in the Triumph range now have Aluminium Spacer Sleeves replacing the rolled steel components previously used.
The T100A receives new high performance camshafts and a slightly larger 1 inch Carb (376/273).
The export models also seem to show the first use of the Pancake air filter which becomes common later on the other models.
Later versions of the Parts Catalogue show differences in Clutch Components between Sports and road Models, I expect that as for the 1960 models the T100A will have the clutch assembly with two more plates and the components to fit these.
The 5TA and T100A have the Gearbox sprocket reduced in size (19t) to improve acceleration.
The T100A TR5AR and TR5AC all gain a Torrington Needle Roller Bearing on the gearbox layshaft. This is the same bearing as the 650's use and is fitted only to the Inner End. It can be fitted to earlier "C" range Twins if the layshaft gears are replaced with the 1961 type.
Part Numbers T1650 18T Standard Ratio and T1616 17T Wide Ratio.
From H22430 the complicated ET electrical and ignition system of the T100A is dropped and changed to match the standard coil arrangement used on the 5TA
Lucas supplied a conversion kit (Part Number 54006033) to convert ET ignitions to coil ignition.
Information in the Tri-Cor Bulletin 60/11 indicates that this change to Coil Ignition happens at H20000 but this does not match with T100A Production.
For the Export TR5 models the PRS8 ignition switch is located on the left under the nose of the seat, consult the Lucas Brochure for 1961 to view the items fitted.
The 3TA, 5TA and T100A continue with Low Level Exhausts. The T100A has less restrictive absorption type silencers (E4157-.8) with removable mutes.
The 3TA 5Ta and T100A continue with 17inch wheels on Dunlop WM2 Rims and all models in the range have the full width front hubs painted black, the home market models all are now fitted with 3.5 inch rear tyres, an increase in size for the 3TA.
All Road models show fore and aft fitting Stressed Petrol Tanks showing the centre seam covered with the chrome trim and the parcel rack.
The Petrol Tank for the TR5AC is new (2 3/8 Gallon no Parcel Grid) and attaches using rubber buffers to strips attached by specialised brackets to the frame. The TR5AC is the first Triumph to feature the additional Bracing strut running from the headset to near the seat that becomes common to the range after 1965.
All models show the decorative chrome strips associated with the Tank Badges and the Knee Grips are the screw on version. The Smaller tank uses Knee rubbers taken from the Tiger Cub.
In 'Motorcycle Sport' of March 1965 is an extended article on the history of the 'Trophy' which shows a Factory Image of a TR5AC which does not show the tank badges.
And I have seen other period images which show the same detail.
UK Home market machines continue to be fitted with the Nacelle incorporating the Ignition/Lighting Switch (Lucas), Ammeter, Smiths Chronometric Speedometer and the Steering Damper. All machines feature the distributor though this is optimised internally for each model.
The 3TA, 5TA and T100A home and export machines all retain the Bathtub and Full mudguard illustrated above, while US versions of the T100A, 3TA and 5TA feature painted sports guards and higher handlebars with longer appropriate cables.
I am uncertain as to the diameter of the handlebars and the controls fitted to the export machines. All the other British manufacturers had by this time standardised on 7/8 inch handlebars with controls to match while Triumph used a variety of bars and spacers on the various models in their range. The Picture of the Paris Show TR5AR (H18612) seems to show ball ended levers!
All models retain the all black dual seat with white piping except that the TR5AR and TR5AC do not show the small lower skirt of the bathtub models and in the factory photographs the frame loop is visible.
The Sponge Toolholder on the Bathtub Models is replaced by a Tool roll containing fewer items, this tucks between the battery and the oil tank in a fabricated holder.
The horn is the Lucas HF1950 version look for the Lucas date code on the back.
The Restored TR5AR (TR5R H22747) in the Barber Museum (Alabama) shows the horn attaching to the bracket associated with the small forward chain guard.
This location for the horn continues for the non-Nacelle models until sometime during 1964 when the horn is re-located forwards.
Colours for 1961
3TA Shell Blue Sheen with Gloss Black Frame, Hubs and Ancillary Parts, Silver Sheen Cylinder Fins
5TA Ruby Red Overall including Hubs, Black Number Plates, Matt Black Cylinder Fins
T100A Black over Silver Sheen, Gloss Black Frame, Forks, Hubs and Ancillary Parts, Silver Sheen Cylinder Fins
TR5AR and AC Kingfisher Blue over Silver Sheen, Gloss Black Frame, Hubs and Ancillary Parts, Silver Sheen Cylinder Fins
Extras include QD Rear Wheel at £ 3/16s/0d, Prop Stand at 19s/11d and Pillion Footrests at 19s/11d
Parts book 4 covers machines from H18612 (September 1960) to H32464 (all 1964 machines), it is printed in December 1961 and therefore needs to be consulted with care.
To view the Triumph Parts books use this link to Classic British Spares www.classicbritishspares.com and use the Parts Book library Tag.
1961 TR5AR (Export)
This is a summary of the engine modifications made during 1959 and the models that they apply to/from, these details are taken from the Factory Engine Build Records
H18638 Timing gears 'Crown Shaved' to reduce noise and wear from here
H22430 Battery and Coil Ignition Replaces AC Ignition on T100A and TR5A/R Models
H23348 Low Gear Bush 'Pegged' on all engines from this number
H25128 Alternator Grommet modified to E4144
Engines H23394 to H23474 have alternator stud holes tapped CEI instead of BSF in error!
Consult the Parts Book Supplement to confirm the specification applied to the TR5AR and TR5AC as four specifications are applied
TR5AR with ET Ignition up to Engine H21122
TR5AR with Coil Ignition from Engine H21123 (Feb 1961)
TR5AC with ET Ignition up to Engine H25251 (All 1961 Models)
T100SC with ET Ignition from Engine H25252 (Start of 1962 Production)
This fascinating document is essential for restorers and parts identification.
For 1961, production begins on the 1st September 1960 with machines for the Paris and Earls Court Shows with main production commencing with TR5AC's and AR's destined for export.
Destinations include Singapore, Malaya, Canada and Australia with most of these models going to the USA to either Johnson Motors of Tri-Cor.
1960 Show Machines. Note these are 1961 Models The Earls Court Show was held on the 12th November 1960
H18111 Paris Show 5TA sent to Terrot on the 21st September 1960 (This Machine Survives)
H18612 Paris Show TR5AR sent to Terrot on the 21st September 1960 (See Image in Roy Bacons T90 and T100 Booklet).
H18613 Paris Show T100A sent to Terrot on the 21st September 1960
H18627 Earls Court Show 5TA, this machine is retained in the works showroom eventually going to Aberdeen in May 1963
H18628 Earls Court Show 5TA dispatched to Ceylon in December
H18629 Earls Court Show T100A is eventually re-stamped H26201 (5TA)
H18630 Earls Court Show T100A which is sent after the show to Hallens of Cambridge, Union Lane, Cambridge
H18631 Earls Court Show T100A which is sent after the show to Harveys of Lambeth (This Machines Survives)
H18632 Earls Court Show 3TA this machine is recorded as dispatched in January 1961 but the destination is not recorded.
H18633 Earls Court Show 3TA which is sent to Decat, Belgium
H18634 Earls Court Show 3TA this machine is retained and registered 104 CUE eventually being sent to Hitchcocks of Folkestone in January 1964
H18635 Earls Court Show TR5AC Machine sent to Tri-Cor
H18636 Earls Court Show TR5AR machine sent to Johnson Motors
H18637 Earls Court Show 3TA (Standard Finish) Williams of Worcester
H18638 Earls Court Show 5TA (Standard Finish) Sid Morams, Wexham Road, Slough
H18639 Earls Court Show 5TA (Standard Finish) J.E. Clarkson, Chapel Street, Carlilse
H18614 is recorded as a T100A built on 1st September 1960 to 1961 Specification and may have been sent with the other machines to the Paris Show but its destination and dispatch date are not recorded.
H18644 TR5AC is possibly a Press/Factory Bike registered 565 AAC
H18807 TR5AR is possibly a Press/Factory Bike, the records indicate that this machine is dismantled in December 1961.
H21442 is the Prototype Tiger 90 this machine is converted from a 5TA taken from the Works Showroom it is eventually sent to Hitchcocks of Folkestone in November1962
Obviously for sale as a 1963 model Tiger 90.
For images of the Factory TR5AR and AC look for the pictures on page 64 and 65 of Lindsay Brooks excellent 'Triumph Motorcycles in America' ISBN 0-87938-746-7.
The new Triumph Motorcycles in America ISBN 978-0-7603-5328-8 uses different images but on page 74 you will find a Factory Image of the TR5AR.
Many of the images used in the book are the property of David Gaylin who acquired them along with other material when the Triumph Corporation closed in 1975.
A Picture of the Paris show Machines can be found in Roy Bacons Book on the Tiger 90 and 100, along with an image of Bill and Ginny Dorresteyn on their TR5AR's. These images are available through Jane Skayman at Mortons Media
In "Motorcycle Mechanics" April 1961 there is a brief 5TA test with one rather small photograph.
It is likely that this is the machine featured in colour on the cover of the later July edition of Motorcycle Mechanics.
A 1959 Tri-Cor 5TA (H9566) was raced at Daytona in 1961 ridden by Richard Clark, coming in 6th place behind Bart Markel. Richard was a well-known Flat-Track rider, three times South East Region champion. The machine survives and is in restoration. It's earlier history is unknown.
For 1961 the ISDT (International Six Days Trial) is held at Llandrindod Wells, Wales between the 2nd – 7th September 1961.
Look at the superb site www.speedtracktales.wordpress.com for details on the ISDT including many previously unpublished photographs.
In the Motor Cycle of 21st September 1961 is an article and pictures on Johnny Giles ISDT T100SS (230 CAC), The machine was converted several times for other purposes. Johnny indicates that the machine was returned to Triumph after its competition life was over.
The "Motor Cycle" of 19th October 1961 gives the Triumph Range detail and several pictures, including a shot of 230 CAC
Three Triumph 500cc machines were entered in the ISDT ridden by Johnny Giles, Roy Peplow and Gordon Blakeway.
In the Dutch Silver Vase B team is G.J. Wassink riding a 500cc Triumph
Have a look at the pictures of Gordon Blakeways machine using this link . . www.stilltimecollection.co.uk pictures abe910 and abe911.
Johnny indicates that machines after selection from the assembly line; were rebuilt by Henry Vale in the Competition shop and that the riders were discouraged from tampering with them. Roy would often collect his machine early and then use the additional time to check the machine and to practice repairs.
Generally for the ISDT the smaller capacity machines were considered the short straw! Johnny himself preferring the 650's, for Trials the factory favoured the Tiger Cub over the 'C' range machines.
For excellent pictures of the Triumph competition machines and others look for Andy Westlake's 'Off Road Giants' by Veloce Publishing ISBN 978-1-84584-190-4
The factory records seem to indicate these machines ….
H18807 (TR5AR) 119 CAC is Roy Peplows IDST machine. Eventually dismantled and the number deleted.
H18859 (T100A) 120 CAC is Gordon Blakeways ISDT machine Sent to Hughes on 4th Dec 1961
H18614 (T100SS) may be 230 CAC Johnny Giles Machine
For interesting images look up President Kennedy's visit to Ireland in June 1963 featuring 5TA Police Machines.
Copies can be purchased from the Irish Photo Archive at www.irishphotoarchive.ie
I believe that the bikes featured are 5TA's H24498 to H24505 supplied unassembled in August 1961.
Retail Prices for UK and Northern Ireland for 1st September are
3TA £ 234/0s/3d
5TA £ 243/13s/3d
T100 £ 250/18s/0d
1962 T100SS (Home UK)
1962 Triumph T90
1962 Triumph T100A
1962 Triumph T100SS
1962 Triumph TR5AR
1962 Triumph TR5AC
1962 Triumph 3TA
1962 Triumph 5TA
First year of Tiger 100SS, SC and SR production, the model succeeds the Tiger 100A which is discontinued.
Major changes from the T100A include an increase in wheel sizes and the first use of the Bikini type fairing to replace the unpopular Bathtub.
Though 1962 production begins with H25252 a number of 1961 machines from H24241 are converted to 1962 specification.
Many Early T100SS machines from H25502 to H25903 will have converted engines taken from T100A's from late 1961 production.
The T100SS engine retains the distributor of the other models in the range but benefits from new valve sizes. All the T100 Models now feature the Performance Camshafts and 1 inch Carburettor introduced to the T100A previously.
In the 1962 US brochure the models are described as T100S/C Triumph Enduro Trophy and T100S/R Tiger Road Sports.
US models featuring either energy transfer or coil ignition while UK models have only coil ignition. There are differences between the distributors and the ignition advance profiles for each model and variant in the range, these are detailed in the 1962 Lucas Brochure for Triumph's, contact me for advice!
The 1962 SC models were supplied initially with an incorrect alternator rotor, new parts and dealer instructions are described in Triumph Bulletin 227.
Triumph Bulletin 229 gives the ignition timing for the various models in the range fitted with ET Ignition, contact me for advice.
Notified changes to the specification applicable to the 3TA and 5TA are, new gearbox cover, the removal of the steering damper, distributor sheath removed, canvas tool roll, the removal of the petrol tank styling strips and either siamesed or twin exhausts as requested.
You will note some of the changes on the illustrations above.
All Models … On the Crankcase the oil pressure relief valve retains the 'Tell Tale' button to indicate oil pressure but the sealing arrangement now incorporates an O ring.
The forward engine fasteners show the domed heads common to the other models during this period while the cylinder head outer bolts are recessed as before.
The cylinder fins of most models are painted silver, only the 5TA has black painted cylinders.
From Engine H26707 Camwheels with three keyway slots replace the earlier single keyway, this allows fine adjustment to be made to the valve timing by advancing or retarding the cam wheel positions.
The four spring clutch is fitted, release operation is by screw thread, while the clutch cable shows the improved arrangement to facilitate cable changes introduced this year, note the cable runs through the rubber weather proofing cover for the distributor; which somewhat negates the easy cable changing in the gearbox cover!
Police models feature alternate heavier clutch springs.
Gear ratios for the T100SS model suit its sporting pretensions 5.33/1… 6.34/1… 9.37/1… 12.96/1 these are achieved by reducing the gearbox sprocket to 18 teeth.
The gearbox Layshaft is supported as on earlier sports models, with a needle roller bearing at the inner end and a plain bush within the kickstart pawl. The 3TA and 5TA continue with plain bushes.
The varying models in the range share gearbox internals together with common engine sprockets and clutch sprockets the overall gearing is affected by the ratio between the gearbox sprocket and the rear sprocket. Rear sprockets for 1962 are 43 teeth while gearbox sprockets vary model to model (18t 3TA T100SS, 19t 5TA)
The T100S/C can feature wide ratio gears, the factory records indicate which machines were supplied as such.
The front hub is painted Black on all models, on the right is the 7 inch single leading shoe plain brake-plate, containing the floating shoe arrangement for the period. The brake cable stop is attached as before to the right fork slider where the lower mudguard stay attaches.
This stay is designed to pivot to act as a prop to ease removal of the front wheel the fasteners used here to attach the stay are specialised, shouldered so that they do not need undoing to allow the stay to pivot.
For the T100SS, SC and SR the front wheel is a 19 inch Dunlop WM2 Rim, while the rear wheel is 18 inch Dunlop WM2 rim. Tyre fitments vary depending on the model. The Tyre profiles of road machines resemble the current Avon Speedmaster's while the T100SC models are illustrated with appropriate off road tyres. Both Avon and Dunlop were suppliers to Triumph.
The 1962 T100A, 3TA and 5TA continue as before with 17inch wheels, the Bathtub and Full front mudguard.
The T100SS takes the styling and parts from the 1961 Export TR5AR and AC to replace the Nacelle, the headlamp now supported on the early elegant fork shrouds, while the forks now feature rubber gaiters. Overall the design of the fork internally is unchanged from the touring models but the steering stop arrangement changes to the cadmium plated extended fasteners used to clamp the fork stancions. Look for Motor Cycle 12th January 1967 for a detailed fork overhaul article with an excellent illustration. The 3TA and 5TA retain the steering stop arrangement from before.
The 1961 US models provide the slim front mudguard, supported underneath by a bridge and forward by a single stay wrapping over the painted alloy mudguard. On the mudguard of UK machines is mounted a new simple plain curved number plate attached by two clips.
The rear mudguard of the T100 models show a raised central pressing and is supported by the curved stays of the pre-unit design, running from the upper shock absorber mounts back and underneath the mudguard, at the rear is the conventional six digit style number plate and rear light support.
Original Pressed Alloy number plates used in the UK have a distinctive style of script. The type of registration finish will depend on the practice of the dealer; some used adhesive letters, others, sign writing others embossed plates.
The rear light on all models including export versions is the Lucas 564 type, look closely at this for the Lucas part number; it incorporates a Red Reflector and clear panel for Number Plate Illumination.
The chromed headlamp shell (Lusas SS700P) features a quick release connector for the wiring and contains a Lucas motorcycle lamp unit, look for 'Motorcycle' imprinted in the glass, differing lamp units are supplied depending on the eventual market. The bulbs are pre focus main and pilot light. In the headlamp shell is the Lucas Ammeter (Black/Grey Faced 2AR) and no warning lights or switches are fitted. I believe that the QD wiring connector is replaced on home market machines during the year with the more common rubber grommet. Export models continue with the QD arrangement! Compare the illustrations above and below.
The Chronometric Speedo is the Smiths SC 5301/## 120 mph unit. The rev-counter if fitted is driven from the right of the exhaust camshaft using a special gearbox fixed to a modified timing cover. The rev counter is generally fitted to machines ordered by Tri-Cor (East Coast USA) while the 1961 illustrations only show the drive arrangement fitted to the T100SR model. The factory records detail most individual machines fitted with the rev counter.
The handlebars for the T100SS and export models are 7/8 inch diameter; attached to the malleable iron fork crown by a combination of brackets and spacers. The crown with its steering damper is the same as used on touring models, which feature 1in bars and the nacelle. New for UK machines is a low sports handlebar, flat with acute bends while machines destined for the USA continue to be fitted with a high style bar, these narrow diameter bars require new brake levers, rubbers and throttle twistgrip, this features a new throttle clutch, which cannot be adjusted on the move. The clutch and brake levers are plain and feature vertical clamps and sliding 'One Finger' adjusters. Page 59 of the Motorcycle Mechanics road test shows the bar in some detail.
On the 62 Test Machine the Horn Switch is on the right with the dip on the left of the bar, these are Lucas items, type 99 Dip Switch and 4A Horn Button. Later batches of machines do not have the QD headlamp and the horn/dip arrangement changes to the later Lucas 25SA combined switch, attached to the clutch lever by a specialised clamp.
In the USA most Riders of the SC models prefer to fit the Tri-Cor accessory handlebar #CD249, the Tri-Cor Bulletin of 15th August 62 describes preparing machines for the Jack Pine Enduro. Contact me for advice.
Handlebar rubbers for this period are the Amal type, quite thin and all the remaining rubbers (footrest, kickstart etc) will show the Triumph logo (most modern pattern rubbers do not have this detail)! The plug caps fitted during this period are by Lodge.
For 1962 on all models the exhaust pipes are siamesed on the right and terminate concentrically into a silencer supported by the right pillion footrest bracket. This is nicely illustrated above and in the 1962 T100SS road test. Machines home and export show the Small concentric entry silencer illustrated above and seen clearly on the test machine in several photographs. Later machines of all models may have the larger 'Resonator' silencer fitted, seen on 1963 machines this is derived from the silencer fitted to the 1962 Thunderbird.
Machines fitted with twin silencers are recorded in the Factory Records but I am unsure if these are the specialised T100A type or the standard type fitted to the 3Ta and 5TA.
Some machines are fitted with twin silencers and are recorded in the Factory Records, I am unsure if these are the specialised T100A type or the standard type fitted to the 3Ta and 5TA.
T100SS. The single top tube frame retains the fore and aft fixing petrol tank of the other non-competition models; internally this features the strengthening beam (visible inside). The tank acts as a stressed member. Triumph; were aware that this stressed tank was weak and on the T100SC models had already fitted a frame brace and the later rubber isolated tank. Underneath the stressed tank on the right you will find the tyre pump fitted to brazed pegs. On the tank top is the chromed parcel grid and central strip covering the tank seam.
The Mouth Organ Tank badges show cream lettering and background detail while chrome styling strips run forward and back to cover the tank colour separation. The colour separation is shown on the illustration above. Shaped knee grips, monogrammed Triumph are attached by screws.
Note in the illustration below that the T100SC shows the small tank (without parcel grid) and so would seem to indicate the later four point fixing tank and frame brace. The smaller tank uses knee grips from the Tiger Cub.
From the illustrations above it can be seen that the 3TA and 5TA do not have the styling strips fitted.
The T100SS and SR Bikini, distinctive and new for this year is made from two simple pressings that enclose the frame, oil tank and the area under the seat. On the left panel located forwards under the nose of the seat is the combined Lucas Ignition and Lighting switch (Model PRS8). The bikini carries on both sides the Tiger 100 Script and on the right is the release for the seat.
On export (USA) machines the Bikini may not be fitted and these machines may feature the side panel, part number F5559, created from a mirror pressing of the oil tank.
I have seen a brochure image which appears to be a re-touched photograph from the 1962 UK Catalogue, (The Motorway Bridge with four figures and T100SS). This image shows the oil tank and no front number plate. No Images are available of the left side of the machine!
The pillion footrest brackets retain the tubular form of the earlier machines though I believe that during the year the later triangular brackets are introduced across the range.
All road models feature the 'Easylift' Mainstand though there are variations with or without extensions to suit the various wheel sizes. Refer to the parts book.
Police models can feature a special 'Heavy Duty' Stand (F4821) which was available as a spare part.
Some literature I have seen indicates that the footrest hanger brackets have been updated, on the earlier models the brackets are free to adjust and can become loose.
The later bracket incorporates a peg which locates against the frame fixing preventing the bracket turning, when obtaining new footrests look for this detail.
The stepped dualseat has a plain grey top with white piping and black sides, on all models this now features the small skirt previously absent on the TR5AR and AC. The seat hinges and is supported with a wire strap and gives access to the 6 volt battery, its carrier and the oil tank, all mounting on metal strips running across the frame attached by bushed rubber washers which provide a degree of vibration isolation.
The oil tank has a chromed filler cap with dipstick (Ceandess Ltd, Wolverhampton written underneath). The tank features a frothing tower / breather tube at the top rear, no oil drain plug is fitted but at the bottom is a simple gauze filter and return pipe arrangement including the T branch to the rocker feed.
Under the seat is also found the smaller Lucas multi plate rectifier (2DS506), attached to a frame bracket on the left behind the battery. Also here is stored the somewhat inadequate tool kit, retained in a small leatherette pouch tucked between the battery and oil tank.
Attached to the rear mudguard by a bracket is the Lucas MA6 coil, angled to allow the high tension lead to exit to the left, models fitted with energy transfer ignition use a Lucas 2ET coil located in the same position.
Tucked behind the left bikini panel is the Horn, I believe a Lucas 8H Unit (70163A-B and date stamped appropriately), while Energy Transfer machines use the HF1950 horn. The horn is held in a 'Y' shaped bracket that shares the frame attachment for the small front chain guard. The brake light switch is attached to the frame near the mainstand and operated by an extended tang on the brake pedal as before.
The frame on the Press Bike shows additional brackets for fitting panniers as these are featured on the 3TA and 5TA model from the period but not visible
The 3TA and 5TA remain virtually unchanged for 1962 but do gain the general improvements detailed above.
Both lose the Steering Damper assembly and the resultant hole in the Nacelle is filled by a rubber grommet.
Colours for 1962 Tiger 100's are Kingfisher Blue over Silver Sheen, Gold Lining, Gloss Black Frame and Forks, Black Hubs and Silver Sheen Cylinder Fins.
The stripe on the mudguards extends to the ends but only partially under the seat while the colour separation for the tank follows the illustration and is seen on all the bi-colour models for 1962.
Kingfisher Blue is a Translucent Finish and must be applied over silver sheen to obtain the correct colour (Triumph Bulletin 235)
The 3TA and 5TA generally retain the colour schemes from 1961
Paint colours and specification for the 1962 3TA after H29617 show most machines finished in Silver Bronze and fitted with Twin Exhausts, with late production period machines it is vital to consult the factory records to determine the original specification.
Parts Book No: 4 covers all machines from H18612 (September 1960) to H32465 (all 1964 machines) and needs to be used carefully when trying to confirm the specification for your machine.
To view the Triumph Parts books use this link to Classic British Spares www.classicbritishspares.com and use the Parts Book library Tag.
From 1962 Sales of the 'C' Range machines into the USA increase especially with the introduction of the better looking and versatile 'Sports' models. My conversation with US Triumph experts John Healy (former dealer) and Don Hutchinson indicates that machines supplied by Triumph into America were routinely modified prior to sale by the dealers to suit local tastes and conditions, some colour schemes were changed and gas tanks routinely replaced or stripped of badges and racks especially on machines sold for competition. Look for period Pictures.
Machines arrived in crates at the dealers only partially assembled, handlebars and levers, footrests, forks etc would not be attached and many of these parts were replaced.
Johnson Motors and Tri-Cor had already been producing their own 'Triumph' parts for several years such as Seat Rails and Screens.
Analysing the Sales figures for 1962 indicates that the T100C and T100R models are not differentiated and all are recorded as T100SS models. The factory build book does indicate some machines fitted with Tachos and from the illustration above these may be the T100S/R while not Tacho models for the USA are probably T100S/C.
Many machines were damaged in transit resulting in the need for parts to be substituted before the machines could be sold. It is therefore impossible to guarantee the sale specification of any US machine. Study the (US) Road Test photographs available in the period press carefully.
Various Factory Bulletins describe the Process of un-crating and preparing a machine for sale.
This is a summary of the engine modifications made during 1962 and the models that they apply to/from, these details are taken from the Factory Engine Build Records
H26450 New toggle clamp for distributor
H26707 Camwheels with 3 Keyways
1962 production begins officially with H25252 on the 5th September 1961. This number falls within a large batch of 3TA's and other models, production beginning after a break on the 14th August 1961 with T100A's H24283 to H24497. Many of these T100A's are then converted to 3TA's on dates between the 5th October and the 6th December and then sold in the Home market. With any machine numbered between H24283 and H25502 it is vital to consult the Factory Records to ascertain the specification.
Tiger 100SS production begins on the 9th September 1961 with a batch of 402 machines starting with H25502, dispatched to Wragg of Sheffield, this UK spec machine features Coil Ignition and a 19 Tooth Gearbox Sprocket. Much of the early production is destined for the Americas and equipped to suit with UK production and delivery commencing with H25760. Unusually there do not appear to be any pre-production T100SS's.
Note that the machines destined for the USA may not feature the Bikini fairing and may be to the 1961 TR5AR Specification.
H25861 (931 CAC) and H25900 (T100SC) appear to be the UK Test machines, H25900 is retained at Triumphs in the Drawing office and the Works Showroom, both machines are eventually sent to Elite Motors of Tooting.
100 Machines H26567 to H26666 are factory converted T100A's. During this period further T100A's are converted to 1962 specification 3TA's and 5TA's. The factory records for this period are confusing but a covering note exists detailing those numbers re-worked.
Production of the 1962 T100SS ends in July 62 with H29103, in total 1470 of this 1962 T100SS model are made in both home and export versions.
Total Production for the discontinued T100A is 3131 machines.
The 1962 US Brochure only illustrates the T100SC and T100SR though many SS models were sent there according to the dispatch records.
The Factory records are very confusing for this period and machines recorded in the Build books often show a different model designation than that shown in the Dispatch book and may differ again from the Model Code actually stamped on the engine and frame.
In addition, machines made sequentially on the same day and sent to the same customer (Tri-Cor) show differing order numbers which may imply a different specification.
It will be almost impossible to confirm the original specification for these machines unless you have original photographs to work from.
The excellent site at http://classicbike.biz/ has the complete US brochures available to view.
For information and pictures you need the April 1962 copy of Motorcycle Mechanics, this has an excellent colour front cover and test article on the well-known, 931 CAC (H25861), This machine is featured in many period photographs and an image of it is used for the art cover of the 1963 brochure.
Mortons in their archive have a photograph of this machine obviously from the same set of negatives from Motorcycle Mechanics the image number is 3839918250.
Paste this into the Mortons search box to take you to the image.
For a Pin Up shot look for the image of Karen Gardner seated on 931 CAC. I have seen other photographs from the same series used in magazines of the period.
H25900 is shown in the Factory Dispatch Book as a T100SC retained in the Drawing Office and eventually sent to Elite in June 1963, the corresponding build book shows this machine as a T100SS.
The VMCC in their photographic archive have a number of shots showing an early machine or machines at the Factory, interestingly there are several detail differences to be seen when comparing the photographs, one of the machines is I believe 931 CAC prior to its registration.
John Nelsons excellent book 'Tiger 100/Daytona (ISBN 0-85429-489-9) covers in detail the US models with excellent photographs and data, a must have book!
Roy Bacons small book on the Tiger 90/100 is useful as it contains other images of the 931 CAC along with general details on 'C' range Machines.
For the 1962 ISDT held at Garmish-Partenkirchen (Austria) Gordon Blakeway and Roy Peplow are on 350's (Tiger 90's) while Johnny Giles, Roy Smith (H28967), Dick Clayton and Rohard Rolf (Germany) are on 500's.
Gordon Blakeways machine H26228 (106 CWD) shows in the build record as a Tiger 90, in 1964 it is converted to 500cc.
Roy Peplows Machine H27606 (105 CWD) is recorded as a T100SS 350cc
Both these machines are registered were in April 1962 and pictured later in 'The Motorcycle' of 24th February 1966 in an article on Roy Peplow.
These machines survive but as usual with competition machines they show several later features.
I have had the pleasure to meet and interview Gordon Blakeway and Roy Peplow, Gordon was forced to retire from the ISDT as his machine was down on power with the clutch eventually failing. Gordons machine is later fitted with Engine H29984 (T90).
Roy and Gordon briefly swapped mounts at the ISDT to prove the difference between the bikes to Vic Fiddler, who was not amused!
Roy eventually went on to win a Gold Medal that he still has.
In Ivor Davies book 'A Pictorial History of Triumph' is a rarely seen picture of the team at the Welsh Three Day Trial in 1962
The Picture shows Roy on 105 CWD, Gordon on 106 CWD, Johnny on 119 CAC and Ken Heanes on an unidentified bike.
I am researching Don Burnett's win at the 1962 Daytona 200, the first win for Triumph at this event, there is a nice article in the Daytona Beach Morning Journal of March the 5th 1962 visible via the internet. Other articles are visible via the AMA website at www.americanmotorcyclist.com
Several good images and information on these early unit racers are to be found in Lindsay Brooks and David Gaylins recent republication "Triumph Motorcycles in America"
By 1962 Tri-Cor are supplying a 'Racing Kit' for fitment to the 500cc machines together with a wide variety of camshafts and parts, refer to the 1962 Tri-Cor Brochure for detailed information. A small number of engines are rebuilt by both Jomo and Tri-Cor to race specification for "Customers" and stamped T100S/RR
If you are interested in the Triumph Competition Machines I advise you to obtain a copy of Claudio Sintich's excellent Book on the subject.
'Road Racing History of the Triumph 500 Unit Twin' ISBN 978-0-9564975-0-5
Prices for 1962 are …
3TA £ 241/13s/11d
5TA £ 253/19s/4d
T100 £ 258/17s/5d
1963 Triumph Tiger 90
1963 Triumph Tiger 90SC
1963 Triumph Tiger 100SS
1963 Triumph Tiger 100SC
1963 Triumph Tiger 100SR
1963 Triumph 3TA 1963 Triumph 5TA
The engine number is on the left hand crankcase and will be preceded by the model type i.e T90 then Hxxxxx; the matching Frame number is on the left side of the headstock again preceded with the model type. Also look for casting date marks on the inside of the clutch case and sometimes behind the exhaust timing pinion. There will be date marks on the alternator stator and also date related stampings on the cylinder head. (I am researching these).
The cylinder heads of the larger models show a date mark but not the 'C' range machines. The head also shows a number cast into the area between the inlets I am hoping to identify the meaning of this.
For the 1963 Tiger 100 there are detail differences depending on the model, SS, SC or SR and the original destination of the machine will help to confirm the specification.
The 1963 US brochure shows detail differences between the US and UK machines.
You will need to study the parts book carefully
T100SC machines generally are Energy Transfer ignition with Tri-Cor destination bikes fitted with wide Ratio Gearboxes though this is somewhat a generalisation.
Additionally the off road models have crankcase under shields, Universal tyres and lack pillion footrests and main stand.
The 1963 USA (West Coast) Brochure describes the T100 as either the Speed Tiger (Road) of Sports Tiger (Competition) with specification differences to suit.
USA T100SC and T100SR machines built after H31735 in July 1963 may feature several detail differences to the earlier models including larger wheel sizes.
There is a Johnson Motors supplementary parts list that details all the new parts fitted, contact the VMCC library for a copy of this important document.
1963 sees the introduction of the Tiger 90, the name re-used from the pre-war sports model, 350 cc machines are popular due to lower insurance costs and the Tiger 90 is Triumphs Sports entry into this market. The 25 T90SC machines indicated above are all supplied to Johnson Motors, I assume to off road specification.
For 1963 the Tiger 90 and Tiger 100 models now have the ignition timing operated from the exhaust camshaft the Lucas 4CA (47606B) points and condensers being accessible behind a chromed cover on the timing case. Early 90'S up to H30593 were fitted with an incorrectly operating advance cam, which was rectified under warranty. (See 1963 notes). The 1963 3TA and 5TA continue with the Distributor Ignition of the earlier models, if the distributor is not fitted then the resulting hole is fitted with a blanking screwed cap.
Triumph did supply a 'Kit' to allow owners to convert Distributor machines to Points this is detailed in Triumph Performance Bulletin 13. Copies are available through Andover Norton who hold the copyright for some of John Nelsons Material.
T100SC machines generally are Energy Transfer ignition with Tri-Cor destination bikes fitted with wide Ratio Gearboxes though this is somewhat a generalisation.
Theoretically the 63 engine; does not have the TDC removable plug behind the cylinders, I have seen this on some machines but one of these I was suspicious of the engine number believing the left crankcase had been changed to a later one. The company regularly kept some engines aside for warranty or exchange repairs.
With Engines from H29520, Loctite is used to retain the flywheel bolts while Engines after H30790 have E1771 timing pinions these are ground to reduce noise.
The 1963 model engine will have the three-spring clutch new for 1963 across the 'C' range while the clutch release mechanism on early machines (before H30038) may be different from later models. Earlier C Range models featured a quick acting screw until 1964 when the Three Ball Ramp was introduced across the range but I am aware of some 63 machines having the 64 arrangement, pre
1963 machines seem to show the clutch cable entry is slightly angled. From July 1st 1963 (H31736), T100SS models destined for the USA are fitted with a different clutch plate, part number T1885.
Within the Gearbox, the layshaft features a bronze bush and a single needle roller bearing, while the 3TA and 5TA of the period continue with sintered bronze bushes.
The gearbox ratios for the Tiger 90 are shared with the T100SS and differ from other models and later machines. I have information on gear ratios and part numbers and gearing fitted to all of the 'C' range up to H32465 Including the close and wide ratio gearboxes. The Brochures and Works Manual show the later ratios and are therefore inaccurate.
In the 1962 details the rear sprockets across the range are 43 teeth but for 1963 the brochure indicates that there are now two sizes available 43 and 46 teeth, 43 teeth on the 3TA and 5TA and 46 teeth on the T90 and T100SS. I cannot guarantee that the advertised information matches reality!
The cylinder head for the Tiger 90; numbered 3991, features a larger inlet valve than the 3TA and is attached with the modified bolts introduced to the 'C' range From H29151.The bolts have longer heads which protrude above the fins rather than being recessed as previously.
By this period Triumph Cylinder Heads are manufactured by High Duty Alloys of Buckingham Avenue, Slough, look for the letters HDA, I have spoken with a former employee who indicated that the stampings on the cylinder heads were used to trace the alloy to a particular batch and furnace so that any poor quality castings could be isolated and recycled.
Across the range the cylinder heads are generally similar, but different inlet manifolds are used depending on the model, refer to the parts book for details.
On all models the Tappett Adjustment Caps gain small sprung clips to help to prevent the loss of the caps, a common problem! Look carefully at the caps, as the serrated edge should be well formed to allow the spring clip to engage to prevent the cap from turning. These clips can be retro fitted to all earlier machines.
From H31253 an; oil feed pipe is provided for the rear chain. I have yet to identify exactly how this is arranged.
For this year the exhaust pipes on the T90 and T100SS are siamesed, fitting via a kinked pipe into the elongated "Resonator" silencer on the right hand side of the machine. The "Resonator" Silencer first appears on the 1962 Thunderbird. The silencer bracket incorporates the right pillion footrest.
Look carefully at the differences between the 1962 and 1963 illustrations.
Three (T90) machines were supplied with twin exhausts fitted at the factory at the request of the owner/dealer (H31452, H31520 and H31559). Other machines may have been dealer modified prior to sale.
3TA and 5TA models are supplied once again with either twin exhausts and silencers or a siamesed system, the details are recorded in the factory records. For the export models the situation is infinitely more confused especially as so few original photographs survive.
The US press machine for 1963 shows twin low level silencers.
I have one original photograph of a US 1963 T100SC showing the machine fitted with twin high level exhausts and silencers fitted upside down!
In 'Motorcycle Sport' March 1965 is an excellent 'Factory' photograph and article on the Trophy Model History.
The Carb (T90) is an Amal 376/300 (on early machines not always 300) with button or lever type manual choke, some Carbs show a date stamp possibly month/year.
The offset pancake air filter appears on the UK T90 and T100 models, the body fits into a chromed edge recess within the rear Bikini bodywork.
Note that the carbs for each model in the range differ and care needs to be taken to confirm that the parts are to the correct specification for your machine.
For 1963 Triumph begin supplying and fitting some Police and Export 3TA and 5TA machines with a Pancake air filter kit detailed in Triumph Bulletin 242
This has the filter attached externally on the left of the carburettor.
The Forks remain the internal spring type with narrow gaiters, distinctive spindle caps and the early type shroud/headlamp supports, these are finely shaped; in not have the slotted boltholes to attach the headlamp. The chromed fork top nuts have a flat profile while the steering stops are the extended fasteners. Look for Motor Cycle 12th January 1967 for a detailed overhaul article with an excellent illustration. The rear shocks feature enclosed 145 lb springs and three-position adjustable pre-load.
The aluminium front mudguard is supported by a brace underneath between the forks and a single stay to the front while the Rear Mudguard continues to show a distinctive raised centre moulding and has an attractive sweep at the rear.
The rear mudguard forward bridge support is brazed/welded to the mudguard and painted in the overall scheme (Motor Cycle 23rd May 1963) at the rear a new support loop that replaces the earlier arrangement. It is likely the pattern of the mudguard changed during 1963 to the later form without the moulding. Both mudguards have sharp edges where they start and finish while the fasteners used are slightly domed (1/4in dsv7). Original Triumph fasteners are quite specialised the bolts are generally slightly domed and Simmons type nuts were regularly used. Cadmium plating was used extensively.
Note that the 3TA and 5TA retain the earlier fork arrangement with painted covers.
The wheels have full width hubs, changes from the 62 'C' range include Grease retaining seals inboard of the wheel bearings. For 1963 and onwards the front hub for all Tiger 90 and 100 models are painted silver. The rear hub remains black.
A quickly detachable rear wheel is often fitted though it is an option. On the T90 and T100SS Both hubs are laced with 18 inch Dunlop WM2 Rims shod with 3.25 front and 3.5 rear tyres other models in the range have differing wheel sizes to suit their intended market. The original UK road tyres are similar in pattern to current Avon Speedmasters (no longer available in this size) Triumph fitted both Dunlop and Avon tyres as original fitment.
Information for T100S/C indicates that the Front Wheel is 19 inch and the Tyres are suited for off road use.
The brakes are 7 inch single leading shoe non vented type, for the front brake the cable stop is on the fork adjacent to the hinged lower mudguard stay, which is able to act as a prop to aid wheel removal, the fasteners here are specialised. The chrome plate on the hub continues to feature a circular moulding. The rear brake drum as previously incorporates the drive sprocket. Note that the Gearbox and Rear Sprockets differ from model to model and together with the wheel size determine the overall ratio.
The rear brake adjuster has four ears and the brake light clip is the early scroll type (This is a rare part but nicely illustrated in the parts book). The brake light switch changes to the later 22B (31383) type mounted on the Chain Guard operation relies on the spring within the switch. Modern Lucas Pattern switches are incorrectly assembled to use on pre 66 machines with the original arrangement.
The petrol tank; this is a new tank for the UK points models and is quite distinctive; showing the spaces for the twin ignition coils and internally features the strengthening beam as before (visible inside). The tank acts as a stressed member and often fractured, repairs usually being carried out under warranty, Triumph fitting the frame brace and four-bolt petrol tank fitted as standard to the 1965 model. (Illustrated in The Motor Cycle 8th October 1964). I have seen several machines modified with this later style tank.
American and export T100S/C and some T100S/R Models destined for the West Coast of America will have a smaller tank with four point fixing and frame brace, these parts taken from the earlier TR5AC which uses the frame brace in 1961. The small export tank seems to show no or only minimal spaces for the coils and two fuel taps, one acting as the reserve. The Brackets for this tank are for 1963 only and very rare to find as a spare part. The Tank Grid is not fitted and the holes are plugged with rubber bungs
Look for the pictures indicated in the notes below. This design of small tank seems to stabilise from this point on and appears on many later machines.
The factory records at the VMCC show the T100SR machines sent to Johnson Motors fitted with smaller fuel tanks, consult me if you have a machine from H30467 to H30500, the Robert Brandt machine described in my notes for this section is likely to be one of these.
The Bikini Fairing may not be fitted to export machines so do not assume that your machine was originally fitted with one! The specification for USA models is difficult to confirm as changes are introduced during the year and very few contemporary images survive.
The Bikini bodywork fitted to the T90, T100SS for 1963 differs in detail to the version fitted to the T100SS in 1962, it features the side mouldings and the added decorative strips wrapping around seat base. These are fragile and rare to survive. Many 1963 machines had the bodywork removed. Compare the shape of the Bikini with that of the bikini/bathtub fitted to earlier models.
The Side Panel F5559, standard on the 1964 models is available as a spare from the spring of 1963 to allow owners of the earlier Bathtub and Bikini machines to change machines to the naked look.
The Pillion footrest and exhaust mounting brackets are now the triangular form, which replace the tubular type on all models during 1963.
The left pillion footrest interestingly can have a drilled hole between the fixings, I have seen this on a several machines but it seems to have no purpose. The design of the pillion footrest bracket shown in the parts book is very different (From the earlier 3TA)!
The stepped dualseat has a plain grey top with white piping and black sides, US models show a seat strap fitted, the seat hinges and is supported with a wire strap and gives access to the battery and oil tank, mounting on metal strips running across the frame attached by bushed rubber washers.
The oil tank has a chromed filler cap with dipstick (Ceandess Ltd, Wolverhampton written underneath). The tank features a frothing tower / breather tube at the top rear, no oil drain plug is fitted but at the bottom is a simple gauze filter and return pipe arrangement including the T branch to the rocker feed.
Under the seat is also found the Lucas multi plate rectifier (2DS506), attached to a frame bracket on the left behind the battery. The Battery Carrier shows distinctive folded triangular bracing. On early machines the tools tuck between the battery and oil tank while later machines feature a simple open tool (Fag packet) box bolted to the rear mudguard. (For all this detail look for the excellent picture in the May 63 Road test).
The colour scheme for the Tiger 90 is Alaskan White overall with the mudguard stripes gold lined in black. The stripe does not extend under the seat but does extend to the ends of the guards; it should be no wider than the front number plate mounts.
The cylinder fins of all models except the 5TA are painted silver to compliment the lightly polished engine cases, which are affixed with distinctive Phillips type screws, look carefully to ascertain if these have been undone (often replaced due to wear).
The remaining cycle parts are gloss black enamel. The mouth organ tank badge has letters picked out in gold and features chromed styling strips running fore and aft, while
the monogrammed knee grips are a screw fit to the tank. A four bar tank grid and chrome centre styling strip occupy the tank top.
Note on the 3TA and 5TA that the chromed styling strips on the Tank are not fitted but present on all the other models.
The 3TA is supplied in either Blue Sheen or Silver Bronze and usually the colour is recorded in the Factory Records.
The 5TA Continues in Ruby Red as before, though interestingly I have other information which says Cherry Red!
Parts Book No: 4, note this covers models from 1960 to 1964
To view the Triumph Parts books use this link to Classic British Spares www.classicbritishspares.com and use the Parts Book library Tag.
This is a summary of the engine modifications made during 1963 and the models that they apply to/from, these details are taken from the Factory Engine Build Records.
H29151 Introduction of longer cylinder head bolts to ease access.
T90 H30593 1st engine fitted with 14' Auto Advance.
T90 H30790 First Engine Fitted with E1771 Pinions (8th Jan 63)
T100SS Oil Drip Feed to Rear Chain from this number (25th Apr 63)
T100SS H31736 T1885 Clutch Plate for USA Models from this number (1st Jul 63)
3TA H32209 Loctite on all Alternator Nuts (29th Aug 63)
The 1963 Season begins with Tiger 90 production, on the 24th September 1962 starting with H29733 (Survives) and finished on the 7th August 1963 (H32463) Totalling 863 Tiger 90's The last two machines were built with wide ratio gears, 3TA Pistons, cylinder heads and clutches for the Triumph Experimental dept.
Bikes for the Paris show are Tiger 90 H29752 and Tiger 100SS H30083 Both are sent to Terrot.
For the Earls Court Show the pre-production tiger 90 (H21442) is displayed, this machine is converted from a 1961 5TA taken from the works show room and rebuilt to Tiger 90 specification. This machine is eventually sent to Hitchcocks of Folkeston on the 3rd November 1962. Other machines ….
H30201 is a Show Model T100SR sent to Johnson Motors on the 29th November 1962
H30236 is a Show Model T100SC sent to Tri-Cor on the 15th November 1962
H30286 is the Earls Court Show 3TA (Silver Bronze) sent to Elite of Tooting on 7th December 1962
H30287 is the Earls Court T90 sent to Decat Belgium for the Brussels Show on 18th December 1962
H30288 is the Earls Court T90 sent to Hughes Wallington on 4th December 1962
H30289 is the Earls Court 5TA the Engine is in recorded as retained.
H30290 is the Earls Court Show T100SS sent to Stokvis (Nederlands) on the 13th December 1963
In July 1963 Triumph have a stand at the Blackpool Show held at the Wintergardens, I have yet to identify the machines displayed or locate any period photographs of this event.
1963 T100SS (Home Market) production starts at H30083 and is 330 machines in total, mostly in small batches. The low production makes the 63 T100SS rare.
Towards the end of 1963 production batches of 3TA's and 5TA's are produced, some Police models. Most are for export, the factory records detail the colour schemes applied to each machine. If you have a machine with an engine/frame number between H31916 and H32361 it is imperative that before you start restoration you consult with the VMCC Library to identify the specification for that machine.
1963 Tiger 90's with Engine/Frame Numbers from H32362 to H32461 were mostly sent to Pride and Clarke of London. These last 'C' range machines for 1963 made in early August 1963 are shown in the records to be to 1963 specification, which surprises me; 5 of these machines survive. The factory records do seem to be pedantic in detailing the individual specifications of machines during this period!
John R Nelson kindly described for me the warranty problems with the early Tiger 90's described by the service department and dealers as "Tiger 90 Itis,"
We had desperate phone calls from all over the country telling us that once started, and on the road, the bikes would become sluggish, misfire, and in many cases, just not pull the bike along. Marvellous! The trick was to tell 'em to remove the centre rectifier wire from the terminal, and bingo! performance restored. Problem actually was an extra spark as the contact breaker points closed, firing the incoming mixture - cured by a redesigned contact breaker cam. Funnily enough, the problem only commenced following a low battery at start up, when it became fully charged. Then you had to run the bike until the battery ran down - re-connect until the battery was charged up again - when it began all again....at least it got you home until we could supply a modified CB cam.
The 1963 sales brochure has extras as Pillion footrests, Prop stand, QD Rear wheel, Rev counter (22 machines in total) and Steering lock. Most machines were supplied with the QD wheel though it is indicated as an option. The brochure features a cut away picture of the silencer fitted to the sports models and other specification details.
The single page 1963 US brochure illustrates the T100SS in its US trim and indicates that there are sports and competition models.
The excellent site at http://classicbike.biz/ have the complete US brochures available to view.
For Tiger 90 Photographs and information look for the road tests in Motorcycling of 7th November 1962 and Motor Cycle 23rd May 63, other earlier editions Of Motor Cycle also show the same Press Bike. The Motor Cycle 25th October 1962 and Motorcycling 24th October 1962 give some Triumph Range detail with the excellent cover photo on Motor Cycle showing a different machine. The Tiger 90 illustrated on the cover of Motorcycle October 1962 carries the same plate registered to a 1962 T100ss on the 7th October 1961, This well known machine was used in several publicity shots, one is the basis for the cover illustration of the 1963 brochure.
Mortons www.mortonsarchive.com have an excellent set of glass plate negatives of a press bike (H29935) in their archives now available to buy, some are shown in " Classic Images Tried and Tested" Isbn 0-9542442-0-6. This machine becomes Johnny Giles ISDT mount and the engine survives. Contact Jane Scayman at 01507 529423 if you need more information.
The VMCC in their photo archive also have an excellent photograph of one of the two Earls Court Show Tiger 90's possibly the pre-production one!
Johnny's machine is beautifully pictured and documented in Don Morleys "Classic British Trials Bikes" by Osprey ISBN 0-85045-545-6
Also look for the complimentary "Classic British Scramblers" by Osprey ISBN 0-85045-649-5
Both of these titles are out of print and the books are difficult to find but may be available from your Library.
Tiger 90 H29984 is used as a donor machine to repair Gordon Blakeways earlier ISDT Machine H26228
For the US Tiger 100 look for the image on Page 17 of the March 1963 edition of American Motorcyclist via this link to the AMA site. www.americanmotorcyclist.com
This is a particularly good shot of a US spec T100S/R, the Rider is Robert Brandt the husband of film-star Janet Leigh. Another advert image can be found in the April 63 copy of American Motorcyclist this time with possibly the same machine being ridden by Gil Stratton, film-star, sports reporter and employed by Triumph. I feel that this is clever marketing going on as the adverts also appear in Sports Illustrated for the same period. I am uncertain of the location of the photograph so cannot tell if the machine is to East Coast or West Coast Specification. The small tank fitted leads me to believe it is a machine supplied to Johnson Motors.
There is a superb image of a (possibly restored) machine in Lindsay Brooks 'Triumph Motorcycles A century of Passion and Power' ISBN 0-7603-0456-4
Spare Parts book 4 is the one you need, original copies are rare.
I have evidence of one or two earlier numbered (Pre-Production) competition machines, built to T90 Specification one described in the Factory records as T100SS 350CC, these were registered by the factory in May 1962; several months before production officially begins. I am aware of a 1963 Tiger 90 registered to the Police at Hendon.
These two machines H 26228 and H 27606 are destined to become famous as 106 CWD and 105 CWD, the ISDT Tiger 90's.
In the Bemsee 1000 (km) race held on May the 19th at Oulton Park the 350cc Class is won by M. Low and D.F Peacock on a Tiger 90 with A. Dugdale and T Fearns
Second on another Tiger 90 these are likely to be H31540 and H31541 both made on the 8th May and dispatched on the 15th May. See below….
These Tiger 90's (H31540 and H31541) were converted to all alloy T100SS spec for the Thruxton 500-race. The Class winning Machine (H31451) ridden by Brian Davis and Bill Scott is featured in Motorcycle Mechanics September 1963. Note the rear sets, 8inch brake, drop bars, alloy levers and other modifications. The Thruxton race entries and press reports for the period make interesting reading. See Motorcycle Sport August 1963 for a detailed report and list of entrants.
In total 13 Triumphs are entered of which 5 are Tiger 100's or converted Tiger 90's.
I have identified these two additional machines in the factory records ….
T100SS H31734 built on the 28th May 1963 is supplied to Dugdales in Thruxton Specification
T100SS H31735 also built on the 28th May is supplied to Keebles of Leiston also to Thruxton Specification.
One picture of the event shows a modified (1963) Tiger 90 or 100 that I have yet to identify in the records.
Johnny Giles wins the Pirbright 100 Mile scramble on his Tiger 100, this may be his reworked ISDT machine, see Motorcycle Sport August 63 for an excellent photo.
The 1963 ISDT is held in Czechoslovakia at Spindleruv Mlyn between the 2nd and 7th September 1963
Roy Peplow and Scott. Ellis are on 350's. Roy on 105 CWD and Scott on 106 CWD
Roy Smith, Johnny Giles and Dick Clayton are on 500's
Bud Ekins USA, Eric Chilton and Ken Heanes are riding 650's. Ken on 929 FNX (T120 DU 1557)
For more on the ISDT look at the excellent website www.speedtracktales.wordpress.com
Johnny Giles ISDT Bike is loaned later in the year to Gunnar Johannsen to compete in an event in Sweden. (The two day Novemberkasen).
A Picture of the bike can be seen in Motor Cycling November 6th 1963
60 1963 Tiger 90's were exported; to Europe and the Far-East and the USA, including the 25 T90SC models made on the 1st March 1963 with special modifications which were sent to Johnson Motors in the USA, these were fitted with Broached Pistons, ET ignition and 17 tooth gearbox sprockets, one machine from this batch survives.
I have a Triumph illustration that seems to show an export version with High Bars and no front number plate!
From June 1963 Avon Fairings made by Mitchenall's become available for all Triumph models (Motorcycle Sport June 1963).
UK Registration letters are only a guide to the year, The letter A is 1963 but was only used where three letters and numbers had run out eg London. Rural areas continued with the old system until 1964 or later! Some machines were not registered for several months and can therefore appear to be later machines.
Several Governments took deliveries of Triumphs for Police and Government duties and with a bit of searching for Political Leaders it is possible to find pictures of Presidential Motorcades, look up President Kennedy's visit to Ireland in June 1963 featuring 5TA Police Machines.
I hope to identify the machines in the Factory Records.
Please note that with any make or model machine registered from 1963 that the Letter Suffix does not provide an accurate date of manufacture.
Prices for 1963 are ….
3TA £ 261/0s/0d
5TA £ 274/4s/0d
T90 £ 274/4s/0d
T100 £ 279/0s/0d
1964 Triumph Tiger 90
1964 Triumph Tiger 90
1964 Triumph Tiger 100SS
1964 Triumph Tiger 100SC
1964 Triumph Tiger 100SR
1964 Triumph 3TA
1964 Triumph 5TA
The Export models differ significantly in specification from UK/Home market machines and there are I believe further differences between models supplied to Johnson Motors (California) and Tri-Cor (Baltimore). Please contact me for advice as the specification for US and other Export machines is very confused.
I have in my collection a Tri-Cor bulletin (July 8th 1964) detailing the Parts fitted or not used on US Models. Contact me for advice.
Engine changes … New push rod cover tubes and seals are fitted as featured in the 1964 brochure and described in Performance Tech Bulletin No:13. The tubes are simplified and are now a single diameter throughout their length. New camshafts are also fitted. The Clutch operation is officially now the three-ball type and the clutch cable attachment is made more accessible to allow cable changes without removing the gearbox outer cover.
The gearbox gains a second needle roller bearing within the kick-start spindle while the selector camplate is induction hardened and a bridging strap added to prevent the plate spreading in use.
For all models the rear sprocket is shown in the brochure as having 46 teeth but the gearbox sprockets are sized to suit each model, consult me for advice.
For the T90, T100SS and T100SR, Re-styling sees the siamesed exhausts replaced with twin exhaust pipes. On the Tiger 90 These exhibit a distinct shoulder and change in diameter at both the cylinder head and the silencer end (1 ¼ inch, only fitted to Tiger 90). The standard silencers for the 'C' range twins are fitted. The Bikini goes replaced by a new fixed side panel on the left carrying the Chrome Model script. Lighting and ignition switches now placed one above the other, (Lighting above Ignition). The design of the light switch knob changes slightly to two smaller unequal tangs and a chromed centre detail. On the right the oil tank is now exposed and gains a drain point near the lower front corner. An Oil Level transfer is shown and the dipstick within the cap is deleted. Clips for the tyre pump are now attached near the right hand rear stay. Triumph Literature states that a new design of rear shock was fitted giving greater tyre clearance.
On the 3TA and 5TA the ignition/lighting switch remains associated with the Nacelle as before
The Clutch and Brake levers remain as the 1963 version but during 1964 the Dip/Horn switch moves onto the handlebar attached by screws with a rubber insulation support.
The 1964 US Brochure and Press pictures do show Ball end levers fitted and this information is backed by photographs I have seen in American Motorcycling Magazine.
The 3TA and 5TA now use the same handlebar diameter and controls as the other models and feature the general improvements detailed.
New forks with external springs (8 ¾ inch), double acting oil seals and new gaiters held in place with zinc plated turnbuckle straps are fitted to the sporting models. The fork sliders and spindle caps retain the 1963 form on early machines. Later machines feature an improved fork with shorter lower sliders and longer springs (9 ¾ inch). The early sliders are steel tubes with brazed on fork ends while later sliders are extruded from a solid piece of billet steel. I have some factory literature that states that internal damper kits were available for all models from 1964. The design of the fork top nut changes, not visible but underneath does not feature the recess and securing pin-holes of the 1963 version. The fork on the 3TA and 5TA is also modified to but as yet I am unaware of the components used, compare the illustrations.
During 1964 the front brake cable stop moves from the fork to the brake plate probably in association with the later fork slider change.
The Mudguards for the Sports Models change for 1964 the front now in steel while the Rear Mudguard loses the raised centre moulding and sweep becoming somewhat plainer. On the front two mudguard stays replace the brace and single stay of the 1963 model.
Both the 3TA and 5TA now show the Bikini Fairing and Pancake Air Filter of the 1963 Sport bikes though the 'Roman Helmet' front mudguard and fork style remains.
Some T90 and T100 machines made between H33843 and H34021 and supplied via United Engineering to Malaya and Singapore (Order No's 7474A and 7377A) were fitted with the Nacelle, the colour scheme for these machines is not shown in the records. Contact me for advice.
Magnetic instruments appear, the speedo a SSM 5001/00A or 00B 1600 item. The Rev Counter (Anticlockwise) a RSM 3001/02 (again the rev counter is an optional extra). The rev counter drive remains straight and does not feature the 90' drive box.
The speedometer drive uses a 19/10 Ratio gearbox (unserviceable, fragile and now rare). A rubber sleeve reportedly is added to the steering damper to prevent it coming loose. The horn is often illustrated located beneath the tank forward of the engine but I have other illustrations and photographs which do not show the horn in this location. The Lucas 70163 8H Horn of the period is the riveted type but retains the Acorn centre nut.
The road models feature the Lucas 700 headlamp and shell, look carefully and you will see 'Motorcycle' in the Glass, the Competition Models will have the Smaller Lucas 575 headlamp package, this shows 'Motorcycle Light Weight in the glass. Original headlamps rarely survive and should be carefully preserved.
Most 1964 machines show the four point fixing type of petrol tank and the bolted on frame brace not officially fitted until 1965. I am trying to ascertain when this change occurred. The factory illustrations all show the stressed tank supported by the early 1964 machines I have examined.
The 3TA and 5TA continue with the stressed tank.
I have some literature, which states that there are internal changes to the crankcase near the sump and a bigger gauze and larger drain plug fitted. The chain guard may also deeper and wider, both these details I have yet to verify used in practice.
The seat is the same for all of the 1963 models, Grey top and Fringe, Export models are not illustrated with the Grab Strap though this may be fitted to machines destined for the USA and Export. The Seat Does Not show the Triumph Logo Transfer at the rear, this is confirmed by both period photographs and unrestored machines I have studied.
The colour scheme for the 64 Tiger 90 is Lacquered Gold over Alaskan white with black pin striping, the gold covering the tank top and then sweeping down below the knee grips to follow the lower edge of the tank. Only the front chrome styling strips are fitted though the badge retains the locations for the rear strips. The mudguard stripes are gold lined in black as before. I believe the Triumph lettering on the badges is in Cream. The T100 scheme is Hi-Fi Scarlet over Silver with Gold striping. The US brochure describes the colour scheme as Flamboyant Scarlet over Silver. The Tank colour sweeps below the knee grips as seen in the illustrations above.
See Below for the colour illustrations of the 1964 3TA and 5TA. The 3TA is in Silver Bronze the 5TA Gloss Black over Silver Sheen.
Parts Book No: 5
To view the Triumph Parts books use this link to Classic British Spares www.classicbritishspares.com and use the Parts Book library Tag.
This is a summary of the 1964 Engine Modifications and the models they apply to.
H33687 T100SC Lucas 54021079 Alternator fitted from this number (17th Jan 64).
H35647 3TA Old type Engine Sprocket E4141 fitted from this number to H35753 (29th Jun 64).
1964 Production begins in batches on the 9th September 1963 with H32465 (T100SS) and ends on 6th July 1964 (5TA).
T90 Production begins on the 20th September (H32572) and ended on the 2nd July 1964 (H35867) with a total of 574 for the year. 29 machines were exported to destinations as varied as Malaya, Mexico, Denmark and Germany.
T100SS production for 1964 is 473 machines, again lower than Tiger 90 production.
T100's H34372,3 and 4 are modified and supplied to Dugdales for the 1964 Thruxton, these and other interesting machines I am continuing to research.
Paris Show machines shown in the factory records for 1964 are T90 H32572, 3TA H32622 and T100SS's H32547 & H32548
3TA's H35132, H35133 and 5TA's H35134 and H35135 are supplied to Morris Greenburg Israel for the Tel Aviv Show
For Videos of a 1964 Tiger 90 look for Tiger Jim's Channel on You Tube.
The VMCC in their archive have an excellent set of photographs of a 1964 5TA Road Test Machine 675 JNX (Motor Cycling January 15th 1964) showing a great deal of detail not usually visible, This machine is H32982.
In Roy Bacons 'Triumph Twin Restoration' book are some excellent factory images of a 1964 3TA see page 147 in particular.
Look for Motorcycling 30th October 1963 or Motor Cycle 31st October 1963 for the Triumph Range of 1964. There don't seem to have been any road tests of the 1964 model but I am aware that there is a Factory photograph available.
In my private collection kindly provided by one of my T90 contacts I have original photographs of a 1964 Tiger 90 collected from the factory together with photos taken after a crash and later racing history, I am happy to provide copies for your own research use.
The 1964 ISDT is held between the 7th and 12th September 1964 at Zeilort Erfurt in the DDR (East Germany)
Entrants on Triumphs are
Roy Peplow is on the 350 (Tiger 90) (105 CWD H 27606)
Bud Ekins, Dave Ekins, J.F Steen and Ray Sayer are on 500's (Ray on 106 CWD H 29984 Converted to 500cc)
Steve Mc Queen, Johnny Giles, Cliff Coleman, and Ken Heanes are on 650's. Johnny on 117 LAC (6T DU 9331) and Ken on 929 FNX (T120 DU 1557)
Ray Sayers Gold Medal Winning Machine 106 CWD is the same bike from the 1962 ISDT, this machine survives in Dick Shepherds collection.
There are several photographs available that show the 1964 Triumph Supported Riders posing with some of the machines at the BSA factory.
I have had the pleasure of meeting Ray Sayer and his wife Carol, who were happy to let me admire and photograph his Three Gold medals and souvenirs.
The Medals are not actually gold and were manufactured by the Birmingham Medal and Badge Company, of 95 Albion Street Birmingham.
Ray and Carol have fond memories of the ISDT events where a Party atmosphere predominated and the drinks flowed freely.
The British Team ISDT machines were used in other events such as the Army Three Day trial and were usually retained and serviced by the factory, only being released to the riders a short time before each event.
Roy Peplow living near the factory would collect his machine personally and practice the various service tasks (puncture repair, cable replacement etc) until he was confident.
Both Roy, Ray, Gordon and Johnny Giles indicate that they were discouraged from modifying the machines themselves.
The 1964 US ISDT machines were modified production bikes not Works machines. The story of the 1964 ISDT is well documented in the book "40 Summers Ago" this rare book is a brilliant photographic record of the competition and features many rarely seen images.
Bud Ekins Tiger 100SC for the ISDT is H35403 with Dave Ekins mount likely to be H35401
For information and photographs of Bud and Dave Ekins have a look at this excellent site www.budanddaveekins.com
For details on the ISDT Look at the superb site www.speedtracktales.wordpress.com
Ace Classics www.aceclassics.co.uk have built a replica of Steve McQueen's 1964 Machine. The original survives in the care of one of my contacts.
If visiting Los Angeles, I recommend the Petersen Museum, the fascinating Le Brea Tar Pits and of course the Queen Mary.
Continue your California trip to Include Dan Rouit's Flat Track Museum in Clovis, or Buddy Stubbs excellent Museum in Phoenix Arizona.
For Information on the US Jack Pine Enduro won in 1964 by Roger Kussmaul (Cub) look at the Lansing MC site at www.lansingmotorcycleclub.org
Bill Baird was the most successful Enduro Rider using Triumphs, two of his famous machines survive, one is displayed at the AMA Museum in Pinkerton Ohio while his earlier machine is in a private collection.
In the 1964 Thruxton 500 there are several 'Teams' on Triumph's
Look for 'Motorcycle Sport' August 1964 and the other period magazines for results details.
I have identified three machines in the records that are probably Thruxton bikes
H34372 is dispatched to Dugdales, Greenbank Garage, Alvanley, Cheshire
H34373 to a Mr R.A. King
H35374 is sent to Kilbourn Motorcycles, Mead Lane, Chertsey, Surrey
These three machines are recorded as being built in May and early June 1964 within a batch of T100SR machines for Tri-Cor built in early April 1964.
Tiger 90's are often referred to as the Baby Bonnie as they shared the same colour schemes for most years with Home Market Bonnevilles.
Optional extras are listed as Pillion footrests, prop stand, QD rear wheel, Tachometer.
See Parts book No 5.
Prices for 1964 are ….
3TA £ 261/0s/0d
5TA £ 274/4s/0d
T90 £ 274/4s/0d
T100 £ 279/4s/0d
1965 Triumph Tiger 90
1965 Triumph Tiger 90SC 1965 Triumph Tiger T100
1965 Triumph Tiger 100SS
1965 Triumph Tiger 100SC
1965 Triumph Tiger 100SR
1965 Triumph 3TA
1965 Triumph 5TA
On all standard machines a bolted in top strut is added to the frame as standard along with the appropriate four-point fixing petrol tank. This is attached by special bolts located through rubber buffers, attached to strips across the frame themselves attached by U bolts and nuts. This tank design has been used since 1961 on export models but these seem to be a smaller capacity tank when comparing the US press pictures to Home market ones.
A slot incorporated in the flywheel together with a removable plug on the crankcase rear ease location of top dead centre for timing the ignition. (Seen earlier but not officially fitted), the 65 Range literature states that all Models now feature new clutch friction segments and that the oil pressure tell-tale button is deleted. (Since 63!). From H39194 to H39205 the drive side bearing fitted is described as a "Three Spot Bearing"! Felt washers are added to the gearbox output oil sleeve and to the right hand side of the rear wheel hub while the QD hub is re-designed to accept ball journal bearings instead of the previous taper roller bearing.
The points change to the Lucas 6CA type with the condensers now located on a bracket under the petrol tank. The Lucas 70163 8H horn of the period is now all riveted construction, located under the tank as shown in the illustration; there are corresponding changes to the frame brackets beneath the tank to suit these arrangements. After H37635 new alternators were fitted across the range (54021079)
The 3TA and 5TA continue with the earlier gearbox layshaft arrangement of plain bushes while the sports models (T90 & T100) show Torrington Needle roller bearings
at both ends of the Layshaft. The Layshaft, its gears and the Kickstart spindles are not interchangeable.
The 3TA according to the parts book has a different clutch but all models share the Chaincase.
From July 1965 a "Chain Oiler" is added, this takes the form of a Pinhole drilled into the circular cover plate behind the clutch. Owners complain of oil leaks and at H41568
(1966) this feature is deleted. Triumph bulletins advise Peening this hole over to cure the problem.
Indicated by the parts book, the 3TA and Tiger 90 share exhaust pipes differing from the pipes shared by the 5TA and Tiger 100SS.
For the 350's the pipes exit the head and then reduce in diameter until reaching the Silencer where the diameter increases again.
All machines feature the standard silencer for the period; the parts book shows mutes available for all models.
The front brake cable stop now moves onto the brake plate as part of the fixed shoe location (late 64 machines show this). The fork sliders and spindle caps change and are now the simpler semicircular form again seen on some 1964 machines, these are the stronger type detailed for 64 and described in the 65 Range Detail; which also states that the spring abutment collars are now light alloy.
All 1965 Sports Models have forks with increased length of travel while the T100SC models use a different (sidecar) spring rate and have damper kits fitted.
Note that the fork design for all the models is the 64-65 type and in the illustrations you will note the changes.
The Nacelle models of the period do not have the Steering Damper fitted this remains on the other models in the range.
Top Lugs and headset stems also differ and are not interchangeable between the Nacelle and Other Models.
For the 3TA and 5TA the fork stop differs from the extended nuts fitted to the sports models, these are not accurately illustrated in the parts book!
For export machines such as the T100SC fitted with the Smaller Petrol Tank shorter length extended nuts are provided, refer to the parts book for all fork details.
The brake and clutch levers change now having the clamps horizontal the ends are plain not ball ended. Though the parts book shows Ball ended levers available as an alternative and it is likely that these were fitted to all export machines, certainly those destined for the USA.
The seat remains as for the earlier machines, interestingly the US brochure again shows the grab strap. Under the seat the toolbox now becomes partially closed off but is still attached to the rear mudguard.
A slightly revised rear number plates is fitted now with room for Seven Characters, i.e ABC 123C
For export models the rear light changes to the Lucas 679 (53972B) type illustrated in the period Lucas Brochure for Triumphs.
The colours for this year are (Tiger 90) Pacific Blue over Silver with Gold Pin- striping. (The 65 Range Detail actually states Light Pacific Blue over Alaskan White). The Tiger 100 is Burnished Gold over White, Interestingly the colour image on the cover of 'Motorcycle Mechanics' shows the Pin-striping in Blue! The other sources say Black!
On the petrol tank of both models the forward side styling strips are not fitted (though shown in the parts book and in the 1965 brochure) and a world speed record holder transfer is found on the top opposite the filler cap. Note the Triumph lettering can be picked out in deep red or light gold as is shown in the brochure! H36979 shows the gold H37631 Shows Red!
For 1965 the Front Hubs on all models are painted Silver as are the cylinder fins (except 5TA)
The 3TA and 5TA incorporate the general improvements for the range and in addition have new semi sports mudguards fitted as shown in the illustrations below.
The mudguards show a raised central rib similar to the guard used on the 1963 T90 and T100. Part numbers H1901 and F5963. Note the plain front number plate.
I believe like the other models in the range that the styling strips associated with the tank badges are not fitted even though they appear in both the parts books and brochures.
Colours for the 3TA are Silver Bronze, the 5TA Black over Silver Sheen.
Triumph service bulletin no:240 of July 1965 gives comprehensive details and parts available to convert 3TA and Tiger 90's to High Performance Specification
Contact me if you would like more details.
The T100SC models as usual feature Off Road specification items not fitted to Road models, contact me for advice.
The Road Test Machine in Cycle (September 65) shows the later Export Rear Lamp, High Bars, Siamesed Pipes, Alloy Mudguards (Fenders) etc
Parts book No 6.
Be aware that several of the illustrations in the parts book such as the frame do not accurately represent the parts fitted for 1965.
To view the Triumph Parts books use this link to Classic British Spares www.classicbritishspares.com and use the Parts Book library Tag.
Notes for 1965
This is a summary of the engine modifications and the models they apply to or from for 1965.
H35987 3TA Modified Contact Breaker Bolt from this number. (9th Sep 64)
H36039 3TA 18T Gearbox Sprocket fitted as standard from this number. (10th Sep 64)
H37636 T90 Lucas 54021079 Alternators fitted from this number to all 'C' Range models (14th Jan 65)
T100SC T1614 Layshaft Bearing fitted together with Blanking Disc from this number (18th Jan 65)
H38411 T100SC Two thin Clutch Plates fitted in every clutch from this number (11th Mar 65)
H39194 to H39205 T90 Driving Side Bearing, Three Spot Bearing ! (25th Mar 65)
E6120 3TA Camshaft Fitted (24th May 65).
Earls Court Show Bikes for 1964 are … note that these are 1965 Models.
H36715 is the Earls Court Show 3TA sent to Chapmans of Norwich on the 8th December 1964.
H36716 is the Earls Court Show 5TA sent to Dene of Newcastle on the 10th December 1964
H36717 is the Earls Court Show T90 sent to Arbour of Leicester on the 22nd December 1964
H36718 is an Earls Court Show T100SS sent to Steiner, Switzerland on the 12th February 1965
H36718 is an Earls Court Show T100SS sent to Arbour of Leicester on the 18th December 1964
Other machines H36067 (T90) and H36068-H36071 (T100SS) are sent to Reinhardt, Denmark for Show Duties.
In January 1965 BSA buy a controlling share of Johnson Motors and shortly afterwards they purchase Hap Alzina (co) who have been handling the sales of BSA's into the Western USA and from now on all sales and marketing into the USA is owned and arranged through the BSA Group in England.
Lindsay Brooks and David Gaylins new book Triumph Motorcycles in America gives an excellent historical perspective and is a must have book for anyone interested in Triumph History.
1965 production begins on the 9th September 64 (3TA) and ends on the 12th July 1965 (T100SS).
T90 production begins in batches on the 11th September 1964 (H36143) and ends on the 30th March 1965 (H39375) with a total of 803 built. 18 machines were exported. Japan, Canada and British Guiana were some of the destinations.
1965 T100SS production begins with H36586 but early production figures are low and the total for the year is only 549 machines. Interesting destinations include Denmark.
You need a June 1965 copy of 'Motorcycle Mechanics' magazine for the 'Triple Test Feature' showing lots of detail with a excellent colour front cover featuring a Cub, Tiger 90 and Tiger 100. The machines illustrated were registered on the 1st April 1965. (T90 H39276 Survives).
The 1965 Triumph Range Supplement in the Motor Cycle of 8th October 1964 gives the detailed changes and shows an excellent engine detail photograph. Other images of this bike are in Roy Bacons Triumph Restoration Guide. Note the Colours given for the finish in the Range Supplement do not correspond with the 1965 Triumph Brochure.
In "The Motorcycle" of 8th October 1964 are the full Triumph range details for 1965 including useful images of the Tiger 90 and 3TA
In Cycle (USA) of February 1965 the Triumph Range is featured, on the cover is a superb colour shot of one of the larger models.
In Cycle (USA) of September 1965 is a road test of a 1965 T100SC with a number of excellent photographs. Though published in September 1965 after 1966 production has begun the machine featured is a 1965 model.
Look Up the famous Rev Bill Shergold of the 59 Club, there is an image of him starting his brand new T90 at Comerfords, a nice period shot. I am of course trying to identify this machine that appears in several other images featuring Bill and the 59 Club. The bike is distinctive with its carrier and crash bars. YouTube has some interesting clips worth searching for. Please note that Comerfords sold some 15 Tiger 90's in 1965.
The Tri-Greeves (Triumph engine in Greeves Frame) has always been a popular conversion for Trials and off road use, of greater interest are the Triumph Engines fitted in BSA Victor frames as the initial versions of these were not sanctioned by either company, also of interest are the later engines fitted in genuine Cheney frames.
ISDT Machines … Several photographs show changes made to the ISDT machines for trials.
The 1965 ISDT is held on the Isle of Man between the 20th and 25th September
I had the pleasure of meeting Dale Richardson of the USA who took part in several ISDT's from 1965 onwards, usually collecting his machine from
Ken Heanes or Cheneys. Dale was well known Enduro Rider in his home state of Idaho and winner of the Paul Bunyan Run in 1963.
Dale is featured in a well-known 1965 ISDT Photograph showing Ken Heanes on Sky Hill, copies are available through the Mortons Media Archive.
In the Army Three Day Trial for 1965, on the third day, Ray Sayer crashed heavily, losing consciousness briefly and wrecking his mount when he entered a dried up stream bed that was deeper than expected, he had actually been well ahead of his time allowance and if he had been travelling more cautiously would not have been injured.
I am seeking to identify the bike he was riding, likely to have been 105 CWD (H27606) as the bike now shows a later frame.
Look for the Report in Motor Cycling of 24th July 1965 which contains pictures of Roy Peplows and Ken Heanes Machines.
The 'Motorcycle' of 4th February 1965 has an article on the ISDT modifications undertaken by Henry Vale and Vic Fiddler.
In Motor Cycling of April 17th 1965 is an excellent side view of Roy Peplows Machine showing the New Silencer for 1965 fitted to the IDST Machines.
While in 'Motorcycle Sport' December 1965 is a superb article with pictures of Ray Sayers ISDT Tiger 90
Try www.speedtracktales.wordpress.com for details on the 1965 ISDT including many previously unpublished photographs
Extras are Pillion footrests, Prop stand, QD rear wheel, Tachometer. Though the article above seems to indicate that the prop stand and tachometer are standard fitments this is a writing error by the tester.
Prices for 1965 are …
3TA £ 279/9s/8d
5TA £ 283/1s/5d
T90 £ 283/1s/5d
T100 £ 286/13s/0d
1966 Triumph Tiger 90
1966 Triumph Tiger 100SS
1966 Triumph Tiger 100C
1966 Triumph Tiger 100SC
1966 Triumph Tiger 100R
1966 Triumph Tiger 100SR 1966 1966 Triumph Tiger 100WD
1966 Triumph 3TA
1966 Triumph 5TA
From the information above you can begin to understand the complexity of identifying model specification for 1966, during the year the SC and SR designation in the Factory records are replaced by C and R models, this change seems to have been made in November 1965.
Several changes to specification were made during the production across the range this year and great care needs to be taken identifying which model and period you have.
Many 3TA, 5TA and Police machines often show specifications and parts that differ from the other production models such as side panels without switches, unusual seats, early type mudguards, switchgear and other parts that are generally unobtainable as spares and not usually illustrated in the parts books.
These models can be very difficult to return to factory specification, very few survive in original condition and information is scarce.
For 1966 there are numerous general specification changes, starting with the Frame.
The bolted in frame strut is now welded in place though the frame retains the bolt mountings. A steering lock body is attached to the headstock (the "Neiman" lock mechanism detaches when not in use). The fixings for the pillion footrests are simplified to bolts instead of studs and nuts as previously used.
A new petrol tank is fitted to UK models on slightly changed mountings, the new 'Eyebrow' tank badges are fitted to all models, the lettering of which is black on the Alaskan white background. On home market machines the knee grips change to the early plain stuck on type, while on the smaller tanked export models the pre 66 screw on knee grips continue attaching to welded brackets. See the 1966 US Brochure and parts book for confirmation.
A picture I have of an original South African Mercury T100C shows the small tank and the knee grips clearly.
From H44000 (January 1966), T100R and T100C models shipped to the USA are fitted with the 1966 "B" Range Style 2 ½ Gallon Tank, these are not interchangeable with the larger model because of different tank and frame mountings, See the tank fitted to the period T120R for illustration.
I have seen a variation in the design of the forward Petrol Tank Mount, most machines use a U bolt and a simple steel strip but I have also seen a clamp type and reinforced strip used on a later production machine.
The changes between the 65 and 66 tanks are small and relate to the number and location of tapped holes for the badges and knee grips, only with some experience is it possible to identify the differences, I can advise.
Generally the 1966 Standard Tank will not show the tapped holes for the knee grips.
The cylinder head on the T90 and 100's now feature aluminium bronze valve guides while the Carb now shows a date code possibly week/year stamped on the nearside flange.
Though the 5TA, T90 and T100 models share Camshafts the Inlet Manifolds differ between the models. Refer to the parts book for details.
12 volt electrics take over with a Zener Diode on a simple shaped aluminium heat sink behind the side panel, Machines prior to H43714 have the early heat sink F6900 with the earth lead to the diode incorrectly fitted causing overheating of the unit. After H43714 the Heat Sink is the F7237 type and the earth terminal is relocated to the rear of the Heat Sink. The battery carrier is modified and shows two holes on the left to mount the heat sink. After H42328 the Rectifier is located centrally behind the battery or batteries instead of to the left as before (Workshop Manual), the wiring is adjusted to suit. The headlamp now has a Single Red ignition warning light (hexagon) while the ignition gains a barrel type (Wilmot-Breeden Union) lock. A Lucas SS5 (35601) kill switch is fitted to the right hand handlebar, very rare indeed but good quality patterns are now available, I have period photos showing the wiring as black while that for the dipswitch is grey! The factory data states that the HT cables are suppressed internally!
T100C Models are now fitted with the VDO "Enduro" Speedometer while the road models continue with Magnetic Instruments. Police machines in the UK continue to use Chronometric Speedometers as they can calibrated for accuracy.
The rev-counter if fitted gains the neater 90' drive unit and the instrument is now the clockwise version (RSM 3003/01), the cable runs at a quarter engine speed.
The clutch and brake levers are difficult to verify but I have several UK period photographs showing the same plain levers with horizontal clamps as fitted in 1965 though the 1966 US brochure has an excellent picture of a T100R with Ball Ended levers.
Many UK machines I have seen from this period, are fitted with the ball-ended levers by Docherty, that I have seen these advertised in the period magazines.
The rear brake drum (Qualcast) Non QD is attached to the hub with distinctive headed bolts and locknuts, it gains a separate sprocket (46 Tooth, attached with distinctive fastenings) instead of being integral (Remains integral on the QD Option) and a new form of brake adjuster appears with two instead of four ears. The brake light clip is simplified to a plain strip drilled to accept the tension spring, (Both these details are not shown in the parts book).
I have noted on unrestored machines that the Brake Light Switch stands off the chainguard on additional nuts, not shown in the parts book !
This feature is introduced on some models from September production but may in not be universal.
The chrome plate on the front hub changes to a plainer slightly more dished design.
The front mudguard lower support that swings down to become a stand, now appears in two versions; wide and narrow. I have seen both types fitted to original machines though the narrow version is rare and may only have been fitted to the 3TA and 5TA for a short period of time before being superseded. Compare the illustrations for the T90 and T100 to those of the 3TA and 5TA.
I am attempting to verify the style of mudguards fitted for 1966, period photographs show the same versions as for 1965 but the rear mudguard now features a cut away area to allow the enlarged oil tank to fit. Some 66 machines I have studied show a small rolled bead but this is unusual and I believe a later mudguard feature (1967).
The 3TA and 5TA illustrations (below) show a new style of front mudguard attachment and amended forks.
By 1966 Triumph are not making their own mudguards and these are supplied by several companies in Birmingham to slightly varying designs, the actual design details will be
very difficult to verify. Jim Lee (former Meriden employee) indicated that due to industrial action at the usual suppliers, Triumph were obliged to obtain mudguards wherever
they could in order to continue production and complete orders. I have seen several variations of mudguards on original condition machines from 1966 onwards.
Under the seat a new larger capacity and design of oil tank incorporates a chain oiler, frothing tower and changes to the rocker feed take off, drain plug location and breathing pipe. The mountings change to more effective rubber isolated spigots shared with the new battery carrier with changes to the frame brackets to suit. The design of oil tank only applies for 1966. The Left Panel is modified slightly to incorporate the chain oil feed pipe exit in addition to the brake light wiring. I have seen the chain oiler routed through a hole in the crankcase over the engine sprocket but I am uncertain of the arrangement as the parts book shows a crankcase protection bracket affixed here, certainly fitted to the T100C models destined for America.
Documents indicate the Crankcase Protection Blade is fitted from H42963 but my own machine H42001 shows the threaded hole for the attachment bolt.
The side panel for 1966 remains in the same style as the earlier machines but during the year an additional hole is seen along the lower edge, this may be associated with the chain oiling pipe or for drainage and is not found on pattern panels.
On early machines two 6volt batteries were fitted with carrier and parts to suit. After H45511 a Lucas PUZ5A battery is provided. A shallow plastic tool tray (light grey and very rare but pattern ones now available) appears mounting on welded brackets across the frame behind the battery. (See the period road test).
The kick-start rubber is now plainer, without the Triumph Motif and is open ended. In the earlier road tests you will often see that the end of the old style rubber has broken off!
On T90 H47024, a late 66 machine the removable cover over the sludge trap is deleted (present on H46928 but not H46840 but seen on T100 H47638, H47736 and H48561).
I have also noted on late machines that there are changes to the crankcase adjacent to the oil pressure relief valve in preparation for the fitting of the oil pressure indication. Machines after H4400 will show the two warning lights (Green Ignition, Red High Beam and gaiter spring clips appropriate for the late 1966 machines. Please note the headlamp warning light arrangement is only appropriate for the T90 and T100SS and T100R.
According to the parts book the T90 and T100 models are fitted with a crankcase chain protector and on the crankcase is seen a tapped hole to accept the fastening.
This distinctive hole is seen on all post 1966 crankcases, the fastener fits with the nut visible on the top.
The 3TA and 5TA use a rubber plug to blank off the hole.
For this year the handgrips are White, the left grip is sometimes cut away to allow the dipswitch to operate. The white handgrips are fitted to most Triumph models for 1966 and were universally disliked at the time. To obtain these correct white grips contact Jeff Hunter at email@example.com
T100C machines supplied to Tri-Cor are supplied with either Trials Universal Tyres or Sports Tyres with the details sometimes recorded in the Factory Records.
I have seen one original photograph of a USA T100C showing a machine which does not have the Side Panel and uses the smaller detachable headlamp, consult the parts book and supplementary update carefully if you are restoring a T100C Model. Note also that there will be differences between East and West coast versions.
UK Machine Colours for this year are, Tiger 90 Grenadier Red (Tangerine) over Alaskan White. The Tiger 100, Polychromatic Sherborne Green over Alaskan White, the Works manual indicates that Sherborne Green is a Metallic Paint! The striping for both models in Gold! Verifying the colours of the Export Models is very difficult as original colour images are rare. The 1966 US Brochure shows the T100SC in a single colour with of course the polished alloy mudguards and off road fitments appropriate for the model.
The Tank colour sweeps below the knee grips following the curve of the tank badge as seen in the illustrations above. The rear mudguard stripe does not extend under the seat.
For the last year of the 3TA and 5TA most parts are now common to the range except in the retention of the Nacelle. Engine specifications remain as earlier while wheel sizes increase to 18 inches to match the rest of the range.
The 3TA for 1966 is Pacific Blue over White with Gold Lining in the 1966 pattern Silver Cylinder Fins
The 5TA for 1966 is Black over Silver Sheen in the 1966 pattern
Standard UK 5TA's are Rare due to the low level of production.
Any machines from the first batches made in September 1965 will sometimes have a C registration making them appear to be 1965 machines!
To view the Triumph Parts books use this link to Classic British Spares www.classicbritishspares.com and use the Parts Book library Tag.
Notes for 1966
1966 Production begins at H40528 with a batch of 341 T100SC's, these are the famed Mercury Model and are destined for the South African Army, Supplied to Keep Brothers SA, finished overall in Brunswick Green and to export T100SC specification with Small Tanks, pre 66 Knee Grips, QD Lighting and with the addition of panniers and crash-bars, at least five of these rare machines survive and I am in contact with the owners. The VMCC in their archive have this single publicity shot of a 1967 machine and a small and interesting brochure on the 1968 model. It is advertised as being available in both 350 and 500cc versions. So far I have not been able to identify if any more of this model were sold, the factory records do not differentiate the Mercury specification from standard machines but I suspect that machines supplied in groups to foreign governments may in fact be Mercurys!
The factory records for 1966 and 1967 do mention T100WD's but the numbers are small.
The illustrated 1966 Parts Book is useful in identifying the differences in specification between the standard models, but some parts illustrated as being fitted were not. A particular example is the Front Mudguard Bottom Stay H1482 which does not actually appear on the Tiger 90's I have studied.
The parts book also shows differences between the US East Coast and US West Coast T100's
1966 Tiger 90 production begins on the 3rd September 1965 with H41923 and finished on the 6th June 1966 (H47063) with a total of 912 made. 94 machines were exported, mostly to Guam, Nicaragua, Tahiti and Formosa! One ex Formosa machine survives now back in the UK. I am keen to find more of the 25 that went to Guam, I have information on two of these now in the USA. Guam seems to have been quite a good sales location.
1966 T100SS Production begins on the 1st September 1965 with H41719 and totals at 1066 machines, many are for export with a large batch of home market machines made late in 1966 production. The Last is H48728 sent to David Paul Motor Cycles, Camborne, Cornwall.
In the 'Motor Cycle' September 22nd 1966 is an excellent test review of a late batch 1966 T90 (H46806) with a wealth of detail. The Motor Cycle of 13th October 66, has a Tiger 90 information article. Also look for the excellent Tiger 100 Test in 'Motor Cycle' 18th August 1966 and the Range information in Motorcycle 2nd September 1965.
Parts book No 7 shows much detail including optional Wide and Close Ratio Gears.
The single sheet US Brochure has two excellent re-touched photographs showing an early production TR6R and the T100SR/R (Speed Tiger), both images show a wealth of detail not seen in the UK brochure illustrations. The Original image of the T100SR/R which is used in the 1966 US brochure is available in the VMCC's collection. The photograph seems to have been taken in the UK at Warwick University, then a new building, taking the place of an American Campus!
In the Motor-Cycle 2nd September 1965 is a BSA/Triumph supplement detailing the changes to the BSA and Triumph models for 1966.
For Period photographs ….
Look for bcgreeneiv's photostream on Flickr, a great collection of 60's colour images from California.
The 1966 ISDT is held in Villingsberg Sweden, for information on the event look at www.speedtracktales.wordpress.com
The Factory enters six machines …
HUE 252D (H44954) is ridden by Ray Sayer
HUE 253D (H45023) is ridden by Sammy Miller
HUE 254D (H45117) is ridden by Johnny Brittain and used as the scouting machine
HUE 255D (H45150) is ridden by Ken Heanes
HUE 258D (Possibly H45126) is ridden by Gordon Farleigh
105 CWD H27606 (Tiger 90) Ridden by Johnny Giles
106 CWD H26228 (500CC) Ridden by Roy Peplow
There are several other entrants on Triumphs but I have not been able to identify these machines in the records.
Ray Sayers 1966 ISDT Tiger 100 HUE 252D (H44954) survives, I have been fortunate to photograph this machine that is still regularly used.
This machine features in a famous photograph with Johnny Giles astride the machine in conversation with Vic Fiddler.
Other machines show up in the records, 17 machines H45491-H45507 are taken from the production line and passed to the Experimental dept
One of the spare ISDT machines HUE 254D is pictured in scrambles trim for the Farleigh Castle event of 1966 in Don Morleys 'Classic British Scramblers'.
This excellent but rare book contains a wealth of technical information on the engine development process for the factory machines.
"Fifteen Alloy barrels were cast by BSA, in varying capacities as the ISDT rules demanded a presence in each class, but several of these highly desirable components were stolen while in transit from the BSA machine shop to Triumph's Competition department. It is thought that just eight survived the journey."
The period magazines which show details of the ISDT often show entry lists of competitors and the models of machines used.
In addition to the usual Medals, the winners were presented with rather attractive engraved Crystal Vases featuring a Viking longboat design on the front with
ISDT Sverige 1966 engraved at the base on the back, keep an eye out for these rare items of memorabilia.
The 1966 BAHA California Event using Triumphs has been nicely written and illustrated up by Dave Ekins on www.budanddaveekins.com
For the Baha event the bikes used are the 1964 USA Team ISDT machines.
I am also researching a possible race win at Oulton Park in 1963 and a race prepared Tiger 90 built by Bill Chuck of Nelson & Ford (Basildon) and used at Snetterton and Brands Hatch in 1967, this machine is either H46535 or H46907 and a number of articles on this machine appear in Motorcycle Sport.
The Daytona race bikes for 1966 are T100R's H44111 to H44116 made on the 13th January 1966.
"Four are Race machines with two Spares", quote from Doug Hele in Cycle World Article
In February 1966 five of the machines were shipped to Tri-Cor and tested at the Marlboro, Maryland Circuit by Gary Nixon under the watchful eyes of Tri-Cor's Rod Coates and Doug Hele from Triumph. After Gary Nixon had selected H44114 as his mount the remaining machines were divided between Jomo and Tri-Cor.
For a detailed article and excellent pictures you need to refer to Lindsay Brooks and David Gaylins recent "Triumph Motorcycles in America"
A number of these Daytona Bikes survive; Buddy Elmore's winning machine was returned to Triumph and displayed at the Earls Court Show in 1966.
This machine H44111 survives and though in a private collection is often displayed.
Below is information supplied by Bill Milburn that I have yet to confirm as it conflicts with more recent details I have received.
I am seeking to confirm the accuracy of this information and welcome your help if you can add to my knowledge.
With race machines it can be very difficult to confirm the provenance.
H44111 is prepared by Johnson Motors and ridden by Ted Davis
H44112 is prepared by Johnson Motors and ridden by Syd Payne, later rumoured to go to Triumph of Long Beach and is raced by Ralph White and Don Castro.
H44113 is ridden to victory by Buddy Elmore. An excellent photograph is available in Motorcycle Sport May 1966. It was later sold by Tri-Cor to Elmer Morra, Pittsburgh
H44114 is entered for Gary Nixon but is ridden by Denny Haven, Nixon elected to ride 5TA H7924R an earlier motor.
H44115 is ridden by Billy Lloyd, the motor blew and was replaced by Herb Rieber's H2152 (a converted 3TA engine)
I am collecting other photographs and articles on the Daytona machines as these come to my attention. It is unknown how many of the bikes survive.
Look for Claudio Sintich's excellent book 'Road Racing History of the Triumph 500 Unit Twin' by Panther Publishing. The book describes in detail the race machines, their development, the races and has interesting sections on the people involved in racing the Daytona Triumphs.
Percy Tait's successful machine can be viewed at the National Motorcycle Museum (Birmingham UK).
There are other books on Triumph's Racing History, which contain interesting photographs. Look for the books by Lindsay Brooke and David Gaylin.
The last 3TA is H46082 (sent to the MOD in Beirut 23rd June 1966) and The Last 5TA is H46431. 3TA production for all years including T21's, totals at 20,000 machines, while 5TA production totals at 8500.
I am aware of surviving 3TA's in Pakistan, Malaya, Nigeria, New Zealand and Nepal.
The Workshop Manual for the 'C' range machines designed and instigated by John Nelson to replace the earlier owners handbook becomes available from February 1966.
(I have scanned a copy of the Manual which can be viewed further in my site).
John Nelson described for me the process of selecting the colour schemes for the forthcoming year. "We would be called to Edward Turners office where he would then say "Come in gentleman, these are the colour schemes we have agreed upon"!
Carrs (Birmingham) were one of the paint suppliers to Triumph and would provide Mr Turner with a set of colour swatches, he personally would select the shades and the design. The paint shop would then produce samples of Tanks and Mudguards as demonstration items before these were shown to the staff including representatives from Johnsons Motors (Jomo) and Triumph Corporation (Tri-Cor) USA for approval.
The only colour not received well by the USA buyers was the 1966 Tangerine scheme, look through the 1965 US Brochure for images.
Prices for 1966 are …
3TA £ 279/9s/8d
5TA £ 283/1s/5d
T90 £ 286/13s/0d
T100 £ 291/8s/7d
Engine / Frame Numbers H48729-H57082.
Models Covered
1967 Triumph Tiger 90
1967 Triumph Tiger 90P
1967 Triumph Tiger 100SS
1967 Triumph Tiger 100C
1967 Triumph Tiger 100CP
1967 Triumph Tiger 100SC
1967 Triumph Tiger 100R
1967 Triumph Tiger 100T
1967 Triumph Tiger 100P
1967 Triumph Tiger 100WD
1967 Triumph 3TAWD
1967 Triumph T100R
200 Standard Machines
178 Police Machines
216 Machines
2638 Machines (Sports Tiger)
53 Machines (Mercury Models!)
56 Machines (Mercury Models!)
3340 Machines (Daytona Super Sports US)
421 Machines (Tiger Daytona Sports UK)
73 Police Machines
10 Military Machines (Royal Navy)
1104 Machines (Dutch Army 3TA)
8 Daytona Race Machines
With 1967 machines is vital to identify the original destination of the machine from the factory records held by the VMCC before starting restoration. This applies especially to machines made early in 1967 production when the factory are producing models for export.
The information above shows some of the general complexity involved in identifying the models.
The Dutch Military Machines H48739 to H49832 show many 1966 features and 1966 parts and special items only for this model.
The frame shows both 1966 and 1967 features and is peculiar to these machines as is the Petrol Tank and parts of the Air Filter. There are detail differences
to the crankcase in relation to the alternator wiring outlet and some engines feature the unusual boss on the timing side seen on late 1966 engines.
Once you know the model type and original destination for your machine, parts book (No:8) can be used to confirm the specification. Note the parts book has several inaccuracies and does not cover the Military or Police models. Do not assume that any of the parts books are accurate!
The Tri-Cor (Yellow) Parts Bulletins 67-5P and 67-6P, I have in my collection identifies all the parts not applicable to the US models and errors in part numbers.
Tri-Cor "Where it is stated in our correction bulletins that an item is "not fitted to U.S. models" this means only that the part is not fitted at the factory to that particular range as supplied that year to the Eastern United States. These same parts may very well be fitted to other Triumph ranges or may be available from our parts stock"
1967 is the first year of the Daytona twin carburettor machines, the 'R' for export and the 'T' for home with specifications to suit.
During 1967 production; thread forms begin to change from Cycle to UNF, this change happens gradually and is not fully documented.
The changes are particularly noticeable on the fork components. Officially UNF Threads on the forks do not appear until 1968.
Tri-Cor Bulletin 67-12P gives detailed information on Unified Thread forms and Part Numbers applicable from 1966 contact me for advice.
On the rear shock absorber upper mounting you will find the smaller headed 'Bradfield' marked bolts, you will also begin to see the fitting of specialised 'Nyloc'
type nuts which become an increasingly common fitment especially on the mudguards.
There are many detailed changes for 1967, the main change is the new stronger, lighter and lower frame featuring increased rake and with greatly improved support at the headstock and swinging arm, the differences in the frames are detailed in diagrams in the later editions of the works manual. The frame design is derived from the successful 1966 Daytona Winning machines. Percy Tait's similar Factory machine is housed at the National Motorcycle Museum.
The upper frame tube is of larger diameter than the lower while the swinging arm is well braced with triangular brackets to the rear sub frame. The 67 swing arm does not have the underside grease nipple of the earlier machines.
Revised headset now with barrel type steering lock (Wilmot-Breeden Union), fairing mountings, revised steering stops, head steady location, and steering damper..
The Parts Book (No 8) shows several inaccuracies. On page 53 the Top Lug H2100 and the associated bushes for rubber mounting the handlebars are not factory fitted but are available as spares. The Stanchion covers H1696 are also not factory fitted but are available as spares.
Refer to the parts book for details of the forks fitted to home market and USA models are there are differences.
The Mudguard Bottom Stay H1678 illustration is incorrect as there is only one mounting tab. Stay H1482 is not fitted to the US models.
All models show the spring clips for the gaiters introduced in late 1966.
New Petrol tank with three attachment bolts, Home market machines are fitted with the 3 gallon tank and all US models have the 2 ½ gallon tank and fittings as shown in the parts book No:8 Pages 64-65
Early Petrol tanks of the new type had incorrectly welded rear brackets.
The Dutch Military Machines feature a special tank that does not show the tapped holes for the badges or parcel rack but does include a snorkel from the air filter to the front of the tank. This tank also shows different fittings to the 1966 or 1967 versions.
Confidential factory Correspondence I have seen indicates that for the 'C' Range Machines there had been a period where the Crankshafts had been incorrectly hardened and suffering from rapid wear. This period will cover machines made before H55204 after which the issue is resolved.
Additionally for a short period the incorrect type of Loctite was used on the crankshafts (AV instead of Hydroseal)
The Daytona models T100T and T100R feature large inlet valves (1 17/32 Diameter), Bonneville specification camshafts and tappets with shallow (1 1/8) radius feet.
Exhaust valves are a higher specification than for the T100 and Monoblock Twin Carbs (fuel fed from the left hand float chamber) complete the specification.
There is no choke facility on the Daytona machines.
The Tappet Blocks now gain additional O rings, initially this is only the Exhaust Block but soon the Inlet Block also features an O ring.
The engine of the T90 features a new cylinder head, Hepolite pistons from H49837 and alloy con rods (H Section RR.56 Hiduminium Alloy).
All models gain an oil pump with smaller scavenge pump. From H50445 a dowel is added to the timing cover/crankcase and from H51016 the exhaust adaptors now feature holes instead of slots (a particularly distinctive feature to look for when searching for cylinder heads).
The Clutch is now secured with a self-locking nut instead of the tab washer of earlier machines, while the gearbox mainshaft and pinions change so that the splines now confirm to British Standards. These gearbox parts are not interchangeable with earlier models.
The removable cover over the 'Sludge Trap' behind the right cylinder is deleted and blanked off. (Seen On Late 66 Machines) and you should see the oil pressure switch casting under the relief valve; again seen on late period 1966 bikes.
Some machines from this period show an unusual casting behind the Timing cover, this may be involved with changes to the oiling system for the Tappets.
This is indicated in some correspondence I have seen. This 'Boss' is deleted before 1968 production begins.
From engine H51616 a new auto advance unit (160 degree contact breaker cam (54041118)) is fitted to overcome ignition problems. (Bulletin 67/3) (Bulletin 67/3)
From H51717 the alternator stator is encapsulated and a longer engine breather pipe is fitted.
Wheel sizes indicated in the parts book show that the T100C and T100R feature 19 inch Front Wheels, additionally the parts book indicates differing fork and headset components for US T100C and T100R models.
US models are not factory fitted with the QD wheel though the parts are dealer stocked.
The Daytona models, T100T and T100R gain the 8 inch front brake and hub components of the Larger (B Range) machines.
Interestingly none of the brochure images or parts books for 1967 show this and only one of two road test machines shows the 8in brake, though it is indicated in the Works Manual Specification for the T100T. What a nightmare!
The rear brake rod changes to run outboard of the shock absorber (not illustrated above). The rear Brake arm is cranked to meet the brake rod and a chain oiling pipe is added to the rear brake torque stay.
The lighting switch (light Grey or Black with two equal tangs) is now located centrally on the headlamp below the ammeter and there are now two hexagonal warning lamps on either side (Green Ignition on right hand, Red High Beam on left). One road test says these are reversed !
The horn is under the tank again (Now Clearhooter 27899) moved from the 1966 location.
The design of the Mudguards again changes now featuring a small rolled bead at the leading/trailing edge to reduce the sharpness of the ends; the front mudguard stay/wheel stand is now the simpler curved type, which wraps around the mudguard and has two fastenings replacing the single specialised nut of earlier machines.
The US brochure shows the Daytona (T) and Sports Tiger (C) models fitted with polished alloy or stainless steel fenders (Muduards)
The side panel now only has the ignition switch, high up near the seat and also loses the hole for the chain oiling pipe, while the oil tank again shows changes, from H51726 reverting to the T piece to take oil from the return line to the rockers but retaining the adjustable chain oil feed. From H53963 the oil tank is etch primed instead of phosphated as previously.
All UK models in the range feature new handlebars (H1871), actually the earlier bars used on the 3TA and 5TA in 1966, these are a slightly raised profile.
The US models continue with American Bars H1519 for the T100C and H1873 for the T100R.
The parts book shows differences in the handlebar mounting arrangements between US and Home Market models, the US machines continue with the previous rigid arrangement of split washers, clamps and bolts while Home Market machines show the new Rubber isolated Eye-Bolts.
Home and American models feature differing levers. All the handlebars and parts are nicely illustrated in the parts book 8 that covers the 1967 models.
For 1967 the Handgrips are the new 'Balloon' type with the left one cut away to allow operation of the Dipswitch.
Unlike 1966, all models are now fitted with Smiths Magnetic instruments, the VDO Enduro Speedometer are available if desired but at the dealers or customers request.
Police Models usually feature the Chronometric Speedometer as it is a more accurate instrument.
A new "Quiltop" dualseat arrives, slightly longer then before; overhanging the frame loop, with a ribbed top in grey with black "Vynide" sides' and white piping, At the rear is the gold embossed Triumph Logo. I am not actually sure if this is applied as I have conflicting information, I have seen one unrestored 1968 machine which does not feature this transfer!
For US models there are detailed differences which can be seen when studying the US Brochure images, the C model features the usual changes to suit it's off road style.
The 1967 Lucas Equipment and Spare Parts List details the differing electrical items fitted.
Identifying the exact specification and colour schemes of the various T100 models for 1967 is a minefield! Here is a basic guide ….
T100T UK Daytona Specification, twin carbs, low level exhausts, 3 gallon fuel tank with rack in 67 scheme, painted mudguards, Lucas 564 rear light.
T100S/S UK Specification, single carb, low level exhausts, 3 gallon tank with rack in 67 scheme, painted mudguards, Lucas 564 rear light.
T100R US Specification, twin carbs, low level exhausts, 2 gallon tank no rack in 67 scheme, polished alloy mudguards, Lucas 679 rear light.
T100C US specification, single carb, high level exhausts on left, 2 gallon tank no rack to 66 scheme, polished alloy mudguards, off road equipment, Lucas 679 rear light.
Colours for the standard Tiger 90 for 1967 are Hi-fi Scarlet over Alaskan White, note the Scarlet sweeps over the top of the kneegrips not underneath as previously; while the view from the top of the Petrol Tank shows a pronounced Vee at the front. The surviving Police Tiger 90's I have seen are painted overall Gloss Black.
The scheme for the Tiger 100 is Pacific Blue over Alaskan White with the scheme for the T100T, R and S in the same style as the Tiger 90. For the T100C the scheme on the Tank follows the 1966 design.
I have over the years seen several original paint schemes that do not follow the accepted design for that year, From 1967 Triumph become inconsistent in following one scheme throughout the year and later production machines especially will not correspond with the published materials, advertisements or road tests.
Tiger 90's I have seen show mudguards in either overall Hi-Fi Scarlet or Alaskan White with the stripe if it is applied in the alternative colour, lined with Gold.
Mudguards for this year on much of the Triumph Range DO NOT appear to feature the Colour Stripe!
This is indicated by the period adverts the 1967 US Brochure and two road tests of separate Tiger 100's! In Roy Bacons 'Triumph Twin Restoration' there is a particularly good image showing this detail on a UK T100T on page 185 together with other images of 67 machines.
When examining images in the many books available it is worth looking for the registration number and at the background to try to identify if the photos are related.
Cylinder fins and Front hubs Silver of course!
The Tiger 90 model is now officially listed at the Tiger Cub (T90)!
Parts books 8
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Parts book No 8 covers the 1967 Machines from H49833 (ie not the Dutch Military Machines)
Notes for 1967
The BSA group wins a Queens Award for Industry, in the past three years Triumph have exported 82% of its total production with BSA exporting 68% …
1967 Production begins (H48729-H49832) with a batch of 1104 Military 3TA's destined for the Dutch Army.
The first Dutch Army machine is in fact H45509 (1966) provided for Neale Shilton (Triumph Sales Manager) for the Amsterdam Show and is featured in Motorcycle Sport April 1966 and also in Neale Shiltons excellent book 'A Million Miles Ago' . This machine shows differences from the later production machines particularly in reference to the air filter arrangement.
These particular machines feature many special parts and detail differences from standard 'C' Range machines, I can advise. A good example of one is on display at the National Motorcycle Museum (I have been allowed to photograph this in detail) and there is a strong following for these machines in the Netherlands with survivors now in the UK and New Zealand. Have a look at the excellent Dutch site http://www.triumph3ta.nl/
Machines H49833 to H52108 are for the Duarte (USA), Paris, Cologne and Earls Court shows and Daytona together with batches of 'Mercurys' and other machines for special purposes. Production figures for this period are very interesting and any machine made during early 1967 needs to be checked carefully against the factory records to identify the original customer and destination. Contact me for advice.
H49833 is a T100R sent to Johnson Motors on the 6th September 1966
H49834 is a T100C sent to Johnson Motors also on the 6th September 1966
H49835 is a T100T sent to C.G.C.I.M, France for the Paris show
H49836 is a T100SS also sent to C.G.C.I.M for the Paris show.
H52101 to H52106 are the Daytona Race Bikes, ridden by Dick Hammer, Larry Palmgren, Buddy Elmore, Gary Nixon, Gene Romero and Eddy Mulder all famous names from the past….
As before the bikes are shipped firstly to Baltimore for testing and selection, look for Lindsay Brooks and David Gaylins recent and excellent "Triumph Motorcycles in America" if you want additional information and pictures on this historic period for Triumph. I have been very fortunate to see and study three of the surviving 1967 Race machines.
1967 Daytona Machine Entrants, this information supplied by Bill Milburn.
H52101 is ridden by Dick Hammer, this machine survives at the AMA Museum in Columbus Ohio (the engine is unnumbered)
H52102 is ridden by Larry Palmgren
H52103 is ridden by Buddy Elmore
H52104 is ridden by Gary Nixon
H52105 is ridden by Gene Romero
H52106 is ridden by Eddie Mulder
H52107 is the Percy Tait bike retained and raced in the UK, See Claudio Sintich's Book, Road Racing History of the 500 Unit Twin.
A series of articles appear in 'The Motorcycle' in early in 1967 which cover the race and machine development. Mortons Media have an excellent set of photographs showing a great deal of detail of one of the 1967 Race Machines.
Gary Nixon's Daytona Winning Machine survives and is currently in restoration in the USA.
Claudio Sintich's 'Road Racing History of the Triumph 500 Unit Twin' Covers most of the race machines and races in detail and is a must have book if you are intending to re-create one of the race machines.
Missing from Claudios book are details of the 500cc Production TT won by Ray Knight on a Hughes Sponsored Triumph, 1968 is a very successful year for Triumph with several entries in the 500cc event. I am researching the riders and machines.
There was a Race Machine developed by Geoff Duke based on a Ken Sprayson Frame and Tuned Daytona Engine, this is featured in 'The Motorcycle' of 6th April 1967.
For the 1967 ISDT there are no factory supported teams, Ken Heanes, Roy Peplow, Johnny Giles and Gordon Farley are on Private entry Triumphs.
Look for articles in Motorcycling for the 9th and 16th August for Pictures and Details. Gordon Farleys 350 is entered by Comerfords.
1967 T90 Production is in two batches starting on the 15th October 1966 (H51045) and ending on the 15th March 1967 (H55203) totalling 378 machines.
109 of these Tiger 90's are Police Versions (H51665-H51715 and H55077-H55134) most of the first group go to New Zealand with the second group destined for locations in Burma and the Arabian Gulf. I have information on surviving 1967 Police Tiger 90's in New Zealand, Tenerife and Burma.
UK Police force also used Tiger 90's. Five were supplied to the Chief Constable of Buckinghamshire of which two survive while others go to Dorset and Middlesbrough.
71 Tiger 90 Machines went to British Guiana, possibly these were Mercury's or Police Machines; one survives but is in Holland! I am hoping to find more.
In total 200 T90's were exported to destinations in Portugal, Jamaica, Formosa, Australia and New Zealand. Because of the large number of Tiger 90's exported UK registered 1967 Bikes are rare.
There is a picture of a 1967 Tiger 90 available, in Roy Bacons small book on the T90 and T100, this machine is H51624 (KUE65D) eventually sent to Mick Hemmings on the 15th Nov 1969. Other pictures of this machine can be viewed at 'British Only Austria' at www.vintage-motorcycle.com and going to the Picture Gallery
There do not appear to be any press road tests for the Tiger 90 in 1967
In "Motorcycle Sport" March 67 there is a T100 test with some good photographs. Look carefully at the front mudguard as this does not show the colour stripe! The same machine is featured again in a clutch strip article in Motorcycle Mechanics July 1967.
This Factory Press machine is an early 1967 model registered in October 1966.
In "The Motorcycle" of 3rd November 1966 is a test article on the T100T Daytona with excellent pictures especially one showing the tank and instruments.
In this edition is also the detail on the Triumph Range which has additional photographs of the Daytona. Note the absence of lining on the mudguards!
Another T100T Daytona KUE 533D is featured in the November 1967 edition of Motorcycle Sport.
Both of these machines must be early 1967 bikes as they carry 'D' registrations, interestingly only KUE 533D shows the 8inch Brake!
From my work with the Warwickshire Registration Records KUE refers to the registration period October to December 1966.
In "The Motorcycle" of 13th July 1967 is a road test with excellent pictures of an export specification 1967 T100C showing many of the details of this model.
Also look for the articles in "Cycle" and "Cycle World" detailed in my Magazine List.
Most T100's produced for 1967 are for export, the majority destined for the USA but other locations include Canada, Mexico, Peurto Rico and Denmark.
The 1967 Daytona race machines are H52101 to H52108, a series of articles appear in 'The Motorcycle' in early in 1967 which cover the race and machine development. Mortons Media have an excellent set of photographs showing a great deal of detail of one of the 1967 Race Machines.
Gary Nixon's Daytona Winning Machine survives and is currently in restoration in the USA.
Claudio Sintich's 'Road Racing History of the Triumph 500 Unit Twin' Covers most of the race machines and races in detail and is a must have book if you are intending to re-create one of the race machines.
Missing from Claudios book are details of the 500cc Production TT won by Ray Knight on a Hughes Sponsored Triumph, 1968 is a very successful year for Triumph with several entries in the 500cc event. I am researching the riders and machines.
There was a Race Machine developed by Geoff Duke based on a Ken Sprayson Frame and Tuned Daytona Engine, this is featured in 'The Motorcycle' of 6th April 1967.
It should be noted that during 1967 the UK registration period changed from January to January to the August to August scheme, the Letter E valid only for January until August.
During 1967 when Amal were developing the Concentric Carb they offered a Carb Swap scheme, offering to replace the earlier Monoblock for free!
Retail Prices for 1967 are …
T90 £ 291/6s/4d
T100 £ 296/3s/5d
T100T £ 331/7s/6d
1968 Triumph Tiger 90
1968 Triumph Tiger 100S
1968 Triumph Tiger 100SS
1968 Triumph Tiger 100SC
1968 Triumph Tiger 100R
1968 Triumph Tiger 100T
1968 Triumph Tiger 100P
With 1968 machines is also vital to identify the original destination of the machine from the factory records held by the VMCC before starting restoration as there are detail differences between UK and Export models.
New front forks with UNF threads (28 tpi) (design by Triumph employee Ernest Rodgers) now with shuttle damping, including new gaiters and seal holders, incorporating a seal wipe. Officially the fork shrouds gain slots to aid headlamp alignment, but many earlier machines show these. The handlebars are now rubber mounted and feature the late balloon type grips.
The handlebar also shows the choke lever assembly for the Concentric Carburettor as this no longer uses the earlier plunger mechanism.
A Concentric (624/2) replaces the Monoblock Carburettor and the fastenings for the inlet manifold change to cap bolts. The primary chaincase gains a distinctive removable cover to allow strobe timing of the ignition, a considerable number of machines were produced without the timing peg to align the rotor marking; a separate timing plate (D 2014) was provided as a service part. I believe the TDC removable plug is deleted as I have evidence that shows this but is contradicted by the Triumph Information for 1968. From H57100 the rocker boxes increase in thickness and After H63307 the oil feed to the pushrods changes, the drillings through the rocker arms are deleted, now relying on splash lubrication. This is illustrated in the Works Manual (Fig BB1)
Between H57083 and H63307 the Points show no lubricating wicks.
Early production machines (The first 1500) have points with incorrect machining (by Lucas) and the back plate is turned 180' to compensate, most machines now have electronic ignition fitted and this issue is usually now irreverent.
The Tappet guide blocks gain O rings where they fit into the barrel casting, begins on 1967 Models
Specialist fitting instructions are supplied in later Factory Bulletins to dealers
For 1968 the new 12 Point Cylinder Base Nuts are introduced (from H58798), these are only available in UNF and require a change of stud thread and crankcase thread to suit. Correspondence from August 1967 indicates that these are being considered for production at the earliest opportunity by Frank Baker and John Nelson
For the 1968 models throughout the Twin Range the Gearbox Mainshaft Threads change from Cycle (9/16 20 tpi) to UNF (9/16 18 tpi).
Be aware of this thread change when obtaining parts.
I have a Tri-Cor Bulletin that details all the parts now with Unified Threads.
The chainguard changes and the design of the kneegrips is now the spaced herringbone pattern. The exhaust pipe stays move forward to the engine plates instead of underneath as earlier, The steering damper is deleted. The ignition switch moves to the left hand fork shroud allowing the side panel to become removable with space beneath for tools, while the Zener Diode moves to between the forks fitted in a distinctive finned heat-sink. The Condensers are found under front of the tank protected by a rubber cover and the stator changes to the Later 47204 version.
The parts book shows the parts fitted only to the T100C, these include folding footrests, sump plate and raised exhaust system.
On the side panel, the distinctive metal model script of old is deleted and on all models transfers appear, UK models may show the Queens Award Transfer.
The Transfers are not illustrated in the parts book.
The oil tank remains as for 67 but the filler cap during 1968 now features a dipstick, the engine breather pipe is now run under the rear mudguard attached by clips to exit at the rear of the machine. This is something you will rarely see except on unrestored machines.
The works manual states that the dipstick is not fitted until H 65573 (1969) but I think this is licence.
Air Filters fitted to the Twin Carb T100T and T100R Models are now of Cloth and Gauze construction
Wheel sizes and brakes fitted will depend on the model, destination and date of manufacture as new parts and specifications were introduced.
The T100R and C models show a 19inch front wheel with the C model having a 3.5inch width rim the other models remain at 18inch 3.25 rim.
Sometime during the year the T100R shows the 8 inch brake taken from the larger models, distinctive with its larger spoke flange see illustration below.
Note that the front mudguard lower stay is now of a simple hoop design rather than having distinctive "feet"
The lighting switch in the headlamp changes to easy to operate the toggle switch. A plain gear lever rubber replaces the earlier monogrammed item. From the illustration above it can be seen that there appear to be two fuel lines and fuel taps either side, I cannot confirm this detail as yet and the Test feature indicates that no reserve tap was fitted. The range literature states that the rear brake lever is longer, new number plate mounting and stellite tipped inlet valves, and new Lucas points were fitted. This information states that the seat has a simulated chrome trim!
The Seat finish shown in the parts book states that The T100C and T100R use a black top while Home and General Export machines have a grey topped seat.
Under the seat the hinges change to the pressed and rolled steel version and the seat knob now has a black plastic finish.
From H57842 the left hand chain adjuster has a shorter Trunnion to prevent interference with the brake a common fault on earlier models!
The Battery fuse rating on the 1968 models is reduced to 20 amps (service Bulletin 20)
Once again the specification for the various T100 models is a minefield in which many an unwary restorer has fallen, even the professionals! Detail differences between the models abound and the literature cannot be relied upon to give an accurate answer, these are the general details….
T100T UK Daytona Specification, twin carbs, low level exhausts, 3 gallon fuel tank with rack in 66 scheme, painted mudguards, Lucas 564 rear light.
T100S/S UK Specification, single carb, low level exhausts, 3 gallon tank with rack in 68 scheme, painted mudguards, Lucas 564 rear light.
T100R US Specification, twin carbs, low level exhausts, 2 gallon tank no rack in 68 scheme, painted mudguards, Lucas 679 rear light.
T100C US specification, single carb, high level exhausts on left, 2 gallon tank no rack colour sides/contrasting stripe, polished alloy mudguards, off road equipment, Lucas 679 rear light.
Round Lucas RER 14 Reflectors are added under the front of the Petrol (Gas) Tank on US Models
In 1968 Across the model range the schemes for the paintwork do not follow a consistent form and you will note when studying original machines, brochures, photographs and road tests that there are several variations. If restoring an original machine pay special attention and record what you have before setting out to re-paint.
Often traces of the original colour, un-faded by sunlight, or contaminated with dirt will survive beneath the tank badges and knee grips. These "Chips" can be used by your auto shop to produce a close match in modern paints.
Some compromise is necessary and even during original production there would have been subtle changes in shades and hues between batches of machines. There is no such thing as "The Original Colour" especially for light metallic finishes where atmospheric conditions such as temperature and humidity affect the "lay" of the aluminium flakes during drying. Modern paints will give more consistent and resistant finishes and are also more environmentally friendly; they will give you a bike that looks good for a long time.
Colours for the Tiger 90 are Riviera Blue over Silver Sheen (the Range information incorrectly says White!) Gold Lining, the tank with a script "Tiger 90" transfer opposite the filler cap. Note on the Tiger 90 and Tiger 100S the Blue paintwork does not extend below the kneegrip but sweeps above and to the back like the 67 style. This is a detail I am trying to verify as I have conflicting information. Again the pronounced Vee pattern of paintwork is displayed on the front of the tank.
Colours for the T100 models are Aquamarine over Silver Sheen with White lining. The 1968 US and UK brochures feature a good colour photograph of a US T100R showing good detail. Note that only on the T100S does the colour pattern follow that of the T90, the T100R has the same style as the 1966 machines while the T100C is Single Colour with a contrasting central stripe on the Tank.
In my collection I have an original photograph of a new UK T100T registered in Feb-March 1968 showing the Tank in a single colour !
As usual the competition models feature polished Fenders, (Mudguards) now in Stainless Steel and off road fitments.
While the test machines and advertisements for 1967 show an absence of the mudguard lines, the 1968 Test Machine does show the line on the front mudguard. I believe that the rear guard is unlined as so little is on display and I have been able to verify this from the few original machines that survive. Not conclusive information I'm afraid!
Parts book 9
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Engine / Frame Numbers NC100-JC23789
Models Covered
1969 Triumph Tiger 90P 28 Police Machines
1969 Triumph Tiger 100S 1201 Machines
1969 Triumph Tiger 100C 2389 Machines (Trophy 500)
1969 Triumph Tiger 100R 1836 Machines (Daytona Super Sports US)
1969 Triumph Tiger 100T 401 Machines (Tiger Daytona Sports UK)
1969 Triumph Tiger 100P 240 Machines (Police Models)
1969 Triumph Tiger T100C SP 11 Machines
From 1969 the Engine and Frame Numbers for all models change to include a two letter Month and Year Code, with the first letter indicating the month of manufacture
with the second letter indicating the Model Year.
The system is shared across the Triumph Range and the H (350cc-500cc) and DU (650cc) Prefixes are no longer used.
The Numbers are stamped over a "Triumph" background featuring seven small logos. Note there is some variation in the position of engine number and model code
on the stamped background and the script used differs from all earlier types.
The Factory made an error in the coding of 1145 machines built in January 1969 as these were given the year code D instead of C.
All machines in the range AD7780 to AD8884 are 1969 Models.
For 1969 there are numerous changes to the engine specification to improve reliability of what is now a much more powerful engine than the original 1957 version.
In the engine there is a new one piece crankshaft now featuring UNF threads and a roller bearing for the Drive side while the Timing side is now a ball race.
To cater for the new crankshaft the oil feed system is changed to now feed into the end of the crankshaft from the Timing Cover..
The oil pressure switch now with moves into the Timing Cover to correspond with the feed arrangement. The switch operates at 7 psi and is wired to a red indicator light in the headlamp which acts as both Ignition and Oil Pressure warning light.
This practice matches what has been available on the B range for some time.
Note : The Red warning light goes out once the engine has started and the oil pressure has risen above 7 psi.
In the literature the Oil Pressure Switch is indicated as UNF but in practice the thread used is either 1/8 NPT (National Pipe Tapered) Smiths Part 5307/05, Triumph D1943, BSA 19-6504) or 1/8 NPS (National Pipe Straight) Smiths Part 5330/1/03, Triumph 60-3719)
The actual threadform shares some dimensions with Unified threads e.g.60 degree included angle, but both NP are 27 threads per inch and have a major diameter of 0.405"
It is believed that all early 1969 models show a tapered thread in the Timing cover with this later changing to a straight thread around the introduction of the new engine number codes. Check carefully, as fitting a straight threaded oil pressure switch into the tapered hole will damage the timing cover.
(Many thanks to Stuart MacAulay who provided this detailed information)
On the Twin Carburettor models (T100R and T100T) the Conrods are now of improved material, RR56 Aliminium Alloy fitted with Vandervell VP3 Big End Shells
Nitrided Heat Treated Racing Form E3134 Inlet Camshafts are used with Nitrided E3134 Exhaust Camshafts on Twin Carburettor Models and
While E3325 Camshafts are used on the single carb models (T100S & T100C)
Cam followers are 1 1/8 radius for the Twin Carburettor Models and ¾ inch radius on the Single Carburettor Models.
Factory press bulletins state that O rings are introduced in the Tappet Blocks during the year and O rings added to the inside of the pushrod tubes.
Further changes are made to the Push Rod Cover tubes, these now show "Fingers" at the top designed to guide oil towards the centre of the tube.
A new Cast Iron Cylinder Barrel with thicker walls is introduced for all models, Painted Silver as before
The Barrels are actually introduced in late 1968 from H63370.
The T100C (Trophy 500) now has Cast Iron Valve Guides while the other models continue with Hidural 5 Bronze Guides.
The need for new Crankcases allows some of the joint faces to be enlarged where this is possible to reduce oil leaks.
A left hand thread is introduced for the Rev-counter drive to prevent problems with it unscrewing in use, a problem with the earlier versions.
While the alternator cable exit is moved to above rather than hidden beneath the gearbox, this is a distinctive feature for the 1969 type crankcase.
Another distinctive feature of the early 1969 Crankcase is the roller main bearing together with the original timed breather parts. This system is superseded during the year by the later breathing arrangement into the primary case (May 1969).
Within the gearbox there is a new locating plunger and spring to try to improve gear changes
While the Clutch Cover now shows the Triumph logo, there are no changes to the clutch components for this year.
I have seen some factory correspondence that indicates that the Clutch cable now has a lubricator, but I do not know how this is arranged.
The Parts Book indicates that the East Coast T100C has Wide Ratio Gears fitted with Close Ratio Gears available for the T90 and T100.
By now almost all of the thread sizes within the engine are Unified either UNF or UNC depending on the requirement and this pattern continues on the rest of the machine.
New parts are fitted into the Concentric Carburettors these are, Needle, Needle Jet and Jet Holder
Tricor Bulletin no: 69/3 from Feb 20th 1969 shows the details.
Frame …a new Frame front section featuring a new steering lock platform is introduced under a new part number
This frame shows the Side Stand lug now mounted forward of the lower engine mounting and matches the new longer and stronger Side Stand that is introduced.
Allegedly there is new centre stand geometry but I cannot confirm if this is true.
New wider fork crowns from 6 ½ to 6 ¾ inches and a longer wheel spindle allow the fitting of wider front tyres.
All models show the twin leading shoe brake, 8inch for T100T and T100R and 7 inch on T100S and T100C with air scoop and Bell Crank lever.
Early T100C Models for 1969 show the earlier single leading show brake
The Front Wheel Spindle a ¼ inch longer. Earlier spindles do show a part number so you will be able to differentiate between these.
The Front hub has new grease retainers fitted and the chrome cover now shows concentric ribs instead of the plain plates of the earlier models.
See the appropriate images.
Forks from Engine/Frame EC17978 use new stanchions with revised damping holes. See Factory Bulletin 69/11 of May 18th 196 for details..
The Front Brake anchor peg is longer on the wider fork (1 19/64 to 1 27/64) to allow a single part to be used with the differing brakes plates
Do not use old stanchions as replacements for any of the 1969 models. Bulletin 69/13 covers the changes.
Fork Gaiters no longer require the metal spring clips as they are designed to grip the seal holder in a form of Labyrinth seal and at the top by a groove in the abutment with a corresponding ridge in the Gaiter.
The exhaust pipes on all models except the T100C are now connected by a balance pipe near the cylinder head, while the T100C gains a connector near the silencers and the distinctive and attractive wire mesh "Chip Basket" heat shield.
Silencers are internally baffled on the Home and General Export models and Straight Through on the US T100R.
The parts book also shows folding footrests and sump guard fitted to the T100C
Chrome Front Mudguard Stays appear initially on the US T100R with the lower loop stay no longer acting as a stand. (Attached by a single bolt).
The T100C shows Black Stays with the Stainless Steel Mudguards (Fenders)
All models now feature handlebar levers with ball ends though these have been available for many years as an option.
Note that the Steering Damper is not always present and becomes an option during the year.
When it is not fitted a decorative chrome cap nut is used to improve the appearance of the steering head.
The handlebar fitting method remains as for 1968.
Rear shocks now feature exposed springs on the UK and General Export models with 145 lb ft springs used
While US Models use 100 lb ft springs. I recommend that for solo riding you consider these as they improve overall comfort.
On the Petrol Tank the Parcel Grid is no longer fitted (US Court Case) and with this change new simpler "Picture Frame" Tank Badges are introduced
The centre seam trim is fitted with a hook at the front to reduce stresses that had causing cracking of the earlier version
Lucas RAR 25 Amber Reflectors are fitted under the Tank on the US Models
New Tank top and Side Panel Transfers appear, these are in a simple block script.
On the Toolbox a new Clip appears, this is to prevent the standard knob loosening in use and depositing the contents of the toolbox on the road
The part number is F11357. (1969) and can be supplied to fit earlier machines.
The Toolbox is adorned with the model transfer and UK machines can show an additional "Queens Award" Transfer.
These transfers are not illustrated in the parts book.
All models now use a single version of the Dualseat which has a black Quiltop cover with a chrome rim band.
Underneath the hinges will be the later type, made from pressed and rolled steel rather than forged as before.
Export models will feature the Grab Rail that was introduced on the late 1968 model, see 1968 Notes.
The Seat Knob will be the black plastic covered version rather than being chromed.
Changes are made to the wiring to include provision for a the fitting of a front brake light switch and wiring is now incorporated to add indicators easily
though these are not fitted as standard as yet.
The exit for the wires for the alternator can now be seen on the gearbox top behind the Clutch (filler cap).
A Lucas RM21 Stator is now used with, Siba Coils, Lucas 6CA Points and a separate capacitor Pack (Lucas 2CP) is mounted under the front of the petrol tank.
Home Market Machines have Lucas MA12 Coils. The Siba Coils use a different "S" bracket and show suitable spacers used to mount them to the frame.
Test pictures show metal supressed spark plug caps fitted to a European test machine while the brochure images show black plastic/rubber ones used.
As previously the T100C features the smaller Lucas MCH66 Lamp Unit while the other models have the SS700P unit with Ammeter, three way switch and warning lights.
At the rear is either the Lucas 564 or the Lucas 679 unit with additional Red (Lucas RER 24) Reflectors, depending on the market the machine is supplied to.
For additional information consult the period Lucas Brochure CE830/69
Colours for the year are Lincoln Green (Green Metallic) over Silver Sheen with White Lining the style of finish differing between models.
The T100C Trophy is finished overall in Lincoln Green with Stainless Steel mudguards (Fenders).
As for 1968 there are several variations in the style of the paint finish and for 1969 a lack of good quality pictures and road tests to use as examples.
The 1969 Triumph Bonneville shows three differing paint schemes and I suspect that the T100's are similarly affected.
US Fittings Alternatives
High Bars
Twin Rotor Twistgrip T100R
Sump Plate T100C
Folding Footrests T100C
Steering Damper T100C
Notes for 1969
With the introduction of the new numbering system the Factory Records change in the way machines are recorded.
They are no longer recorded by range and are instead all recorded together in large, fabric covered, punch bound ledgers.
Each entry shows the Engine and Frame code and number, the engine build date, machine assembly date, date to despatch, despatch date, invoice number and destination.
A separate set of records covers Engine Assembly and includes brief notes detailing new parts or assembly methods used.
1969 Production recorded in the new books begins with T120R Bonneville's NC100-NC2034, with C Range production starting at PC5516 (30, 3TA Engines)
The books are fascinating and are available to view by visitors at the VMCC Library in Burton on Trent.
Production of the range is in three distinct batches XC 6297 to AC 9987, EC 17978 to EC19912 and HC24353 to JC 24839
December 1968 to Jan 1969, May 1969 and July and August 1969. The Account books for the period do not survive and therefore it has not been possible to identify how many of each model were supplied to the differing markets, most T100R and T100C production is from the first batch.
The Engine books no longer contain the separate pages of notes detailing the starting Engine Number for new parts being used.
This new arrangement makes deciphering changes much more difficult so I apologise in advance for the lack of information I can provide.
Some information is revealed in the Factory Bulletins.
500cc Twins to EC 17978 have problems with undersized Drive Side Bearings Bulletin 69/14 June 27th 1969
T100C models prior to AC 9210 will show the earlier single leading shoe brake rather than the twin leading shoe version
Parts Book No: 10 is the one for the 1969 models, published in September 1968 it shows the parts fitted across the range for all markets.
In the parts book look for parts now with five figures such as the Styling Strip F10007. Some parts show the Unified Part Numbers (14.0303) that are introduced later.
Note, though the T90 is shown only Police models were manufactured, destined for Ireland and possibly for the RUC (Royal Ulster Constabulary) One survives!
For Road Tests refer to my Magazine List as there are many suitable articles from 1969, many with excellent colour pictures.
A good example is the February 1969 edition of the USA only magazine 'Modern Cycle' and its test of an early production T100C.
Note that for 1969 there are again numbers of Personal Export machines showing in the factory records and I recommend that you check with the VMCC Library to confirm the history and details for your machine.
Year Code D i.e. KD27850
Models Covered
1970 Triumph Tiger 100S 1497 Machines
1970 Triumph Tiger 100C 4122 Machines (Trophy 500)
1970 Triumph Tiger 100R 3234 Machines (Daytona Super Sports US)
1970 Triumph Tiger 100T 380 Machines (Tiger Daytona Sports UK)
1970 Triumph Tiger 100P 281 Machines (Police Models)
The Model Year starts with KD27850
Again there are multiple detailed changes introduced on the 1970 models, shown above are the UK/Home Market T100T Daytona and the UK Home Market T100S.
Engine. The Inlet Camshaft is changed to remove the breather function with engine breathing now arranged through the primary drive case.
The oil seal associated with the drive side bearing is deleted and three small drilled breather holes appear between the primary drive and crankshaft.
A steel baffle plate behind the clutch and high up in the primary case vents gases to a large bore breather pipe stub and beyond this the breather pipe.
The new breather arrangement is very distinctive and allows dating of the crankcases to 1970 and beyond even in the absence of an engine number.
On the Exhaust Camshaft the Rev-Counter (Tachometer) Take off plug in the camshaft is now solid instead of a being a pressing, the pressing often failing prematurely and requiring removal of the camshaft to undertake repair.
Changes also occur within the right hand crankcase to remove the main bearing abutment ring.
Once again for 1970 there are changes to the push rod tubes and the "Fingers" from the 1969 version are deleted though illustrated in the parts book.
Service Bulletin 324 covers the Push Rod cover and seal arrangements that were introduced from 1969 to try to prevent leaks
Note the type of cam followers used depend on the model, with the Daytona models using the "R" type followers.
In the gearbox the components now have an improved gas treated surface finish with hardened nickel chrome gears and a heavy duty mainshaft.
Changes were introduced because of increasing gearbox failures on the higher performance models.
A new precision pressed camplate is introduced during the 1970 season to improve gear changes, this camplate can be used on earlier models but requires modification prior to fitting.
The front Engine mountings are modified to ease fitting and removal of the engine. I have been unable to ascertain what these changes were.
Frame. The Frame Number is now found stamped on a raised plinth; initially this is plain but later partially embossed with the Triumph Logo as an anti-theft feature.
No other changes are apparent apart from the prop stand has an adjustable stop added.
Front Forks. These are now feature extruded bottom sliders instead of being forged.
The stanchions are now hard chromed and ground and two additional bleed holes appear near the bottom
The brake anchor lug on the right is now strengthened; manufactured from cold drawn section steel and welded to the right hand fork leg.
The Fork Shroud on the right now shows a hole and grommet where the throttle cable or cables pass through.
Rear Shocks though still exposed they now feature extended spring adjusters.
The period road tests are critical of the standard of the chrome plating on the springs.
The friction steering damper is deleted except on the T100C and replaced if appropriate with a rounded chromed fork stem nut.
The T100C can show just the sleeve nut so that the damper can be fitted as an option or from spares.
The Rear Brake Torque Stay is now made of flat section steel, painted black and attached with Cleveloc Nuts, these fasteners become common on all areas of the machine.
Mudguards/Fenders. Introduced this year is the distinctive chromed rear support rail and lifting handle incorporating the passenger grab rail.
The Front Mudguard has the Number Plate holes deleted and now shows two fixing holes for the lower stay.
Chromed Stays continue for the T100R but may be fitted across the range later in the production cycle.
On the rear mudguard, there are now holes for the breather pipe clips and for the new seat rail/grab handle.
The Handlebar is now shared with the 650's and the levers now have holes to allow mirrors to be fitted if required
You will also find here the choke lever assembly, dip and horn switch and Balloon grips.
Electrical. Smaller Lucas 17M12 coils are fitted and mounted on a reinforced bracket and there is a Lucas 2CP condenser pack attached to the frame under the petrol tank.
Changes are again made to the alternator cable exit from the primary drive, now there is no grommet with the wires exiting directly from the crankcase.
Introduced for 1970 is the Lucas MC2 Ignition Capacitor and the distinctive mounting spring, this allows the battery to be removed on competition machines.
Carbs on single carburettor models are partially rubber mounted to reduce frothing and four ply cloth and gauze air filter elements are specified.
The Oil Tank changes, with more reserve capacity and has a new part number to reflect new production methods but is the same dimensions as for the 1968 69 Models
On US models the chain oiler and adjustment system is dispensed with.
The Oil tank breather joins into the main breather pipe via a T piece and the Silver D shaped plastic pipe then runs to the rear of the rear mudguard attached by clips
along the left hand side.
Wheels. Rear wheel change to UNF Threads
The published details for Wheel and Tyre Sizes are confusing with some specifications showing 19 inch front wheels fitted to the Daytona T100R and Trophy T100C models and 18 inch for the T100S.
The dual seat now features black pierced Ambla fabric on the top, the Triumph logo at the rear can be absent.
The colour scheme for 1970 was Jacaranda Purple over Silver Sheen with Gold Lining.
The various models show differing Paint Schemes and the available period pictures do not necessarily represent the finish that was used throughout the year.
Of special interest is the paint scheme shown in the first adverts for the model as this does not seem to have lasted for very long in production.
I would not expect machines after XD34763 to use this early scheme.
Note that on the rear mudguard that the stripe is often absent, especially on UK & General Export machines fitted with the UK number-plate.
Notes for 1970
The Parts Books (No:11) are now subdivided into UK & General Export and USA Sections, ensure you consult the correct one.
Refer to Factory Bulletin #70/3P which is the Corrections for the 1970 Parts Book 99-0903 and essential for restorers.
1970 Production is in five distinct batches with production alternating between the larger B range machines as orders were prepared and planned delivery dates arranged.
The majority of USA machines are built in the autumn and winter of 1969.
Though the Model Year is indicated as starting with KD24750 there are two machines built in July 1969 that are the Press Machines.
KD24712 is the show T100T eventually sent to Andrews of London in February 1971
KD24713 is the show T100S eventually sent to John Cooper (John "Mooneyes" Cooper) of Derby in November 1970
The QD Rear wheel parts described on page 48 of the USA parts book only refer to machines from AD34763 to AD35762 after AD38465 the 1969 wheel is used.
Year Code E i.e. KE00001
Models Covered
1971 Triumph Tiger 100C 2331 Machines (Trophy 500)
1971 Triumph Tiger 100R 2368 Machines (Daytona Super Sports)
1971 Triumph Tiger 100P 103 Machines (Police Models)
The model range is now reduced in the Factory Records to the three models above though additional information shows differences between models
depending on their market destinations, so UK machines differ from European Models and again from the US Models.
There are few engine changes. Small access plugs sealed by O rings and sealant, are added to both sides of the rocker boxes to ease the setting of the valve gaps.
Oil pressure relief valve, a one piece valve is introduced but soon replaced with the earlier version.
Information I have seen indicates that the heavier Conrods fitted to the Daytona models in 1969 are used throughout the range.
Pistons (9.1) are shared between the models and valve guides for the T100C continue in cast iron.
During the season the exhaust pipe adaptors in the cylinder head are deleted and the exhausts are now a push fit into the head.
I believe that with the push fit exhausts that the finned clamps are deleted but cannot confirm this detail.
Klingerite cylinder head gaskets are shown as spares and are likely to be used on production models.
Loctite or Permatex 300 sealant is now used on many parts including the rocker box caps and access plugs.
While other sealants are recommended for Fork Caps, Air Boxes and other parts.
There is an increasing use of "Cleveloc" nuts. These distinctive fasteners are not available as spares and should be saved whenever possible.
All fasteners are now UNC or UNF threads with nuts in a variety of types, Cleveloc, Philidas, Stiffnut and Nyloc.
Refer to pages 82 and 83 of the parts book for details and part numbers of all of the fasteners. This is very useful information for restorers.
There are no frame changes reported.
Forks, Home Market & General Export models appear in the parts book to have a different part number for the fork assembly than the USA models.
This is not illustrated so it is impossible at the moment to identify the differences.
New for 1971 are headlamp mounting brackets rubber mounted to the fork shrouds, the left shroud has a location for the ignition switch while the right shroud
has a pierced hole and grommet for the throttle cable or cables.
Lucas 874 Indicators appear, mounting on the headlamp and tail light, the tail reflectors are deleted and round red Lucas RER 14 reflectors now appear on the grab rail.
along with new handlebar switches which have all of the controls incorporated.
Reflectors are fitted to all models and markets.
A new handlebar is required to accommodate the new switchgear. The mounting of the handlebar varies according to the model and destination with only the "Western" USA
Models using a solid mounting (a different fork crown).
The Brake and Clutch levers that are now alloy on the road models and are incorporated into the new switchgear (Lucas 169SA) for all control functions.
On the right is the Headlamp Flasher and Indicator Switch, on the left the Kill Switch, Horn and Headlamp Dip/Main.
The Daytona models use a twin rotor Twistgrip.
In the headlamp the Ammeter is deleted and its place taken with a light switch, indicator warning light (centrally) with shrouded warning lights for the Ignition/Oil Pressure & High Beam on either side. The T100C only shows two warning lights, High Beam and Ignition with the shrouds.
The T100R, T100T and T100S continue to use the Lucas SS700P headlamp unit while the T100C uses the Lucas MCH66 headlamp unit.
Look for the Front Brake Cable Stoplight Switch and the Flasher Relay and its associated holder and bracket.
Under the tank mounted on its bracket will be the "Clearhooter" horn and beneath the headlamp you will find the Zener diode on its distinctive finned heatsink.
The speedometer and rev counter (if fitted) are now fully rubber mounted and show a simpler design of dial.
The Smiths Part Number for the Speedometer is SSM5007/02A (mph) or SSM5007/03 (kph)
Rev Counter, Smiths RSM3003/13A.
All models show the wheels as 19 inch Front and 18 inch Rear
Literature states that the quickly detachable wheel is discontinued, see notes.
Home & General Export models should be fitted with the larger 3 gallon (UK) Petrol tank while USA models have the smaller 2 ¼ Gallon (US) Gas Tank
The part numbers differ for the four tanks but this is likely to be differences in the paint scheme rather than design.
Once again the oil tank has its capacity increased, continued is the quick release alloy cap and dipstick.
It is impossible to tell which tank you have or require as there are no differences in the fitting arrangements.
Mudguards are the usual mix of painted or polished stainless steel but are now drilled to accommodate the new "Umberslade" rear light unit
This carries the Lucas 769 lamp for brake and stop light duties together with the direction indicators.
The side reflectors are found on the seat rail at the junction of the passenger grab rail.
For UK models the silencers change to quieter and more restrictive "Megaphone" silencers borrowed from the Bonneville while the USA models continue with the Standard straight through silencers mated to new downswept coupled exhaust pipes.
The Trophy shows the Silencers on the left with the "Chip Basket" heatshield as for earlier models.
In theory UK and general export machines (T100R and T100C) are now fitted with a new combined induction system and air filter, but road tests and other evidence do not show this and generally you will find the Pancake Filters as before.
For an illustration of the Air Filter, induction box look for the Parts Supplement for the UK and General Export Models.
Colours for this year are Olympic Flame with Black together with white lining though there are illustrations of UK Machines showing White as the companion colour.
Once again variations abound and care is needed to confirm the original scheme for your machine if evidence of old finishes is available.
The Factory illustrations feature schemes that are generally not adopted on later production machines and original machines I have seen usually show the
"scalloped" finish, Black over Olympic Flame with white lining.
On the tank there is usually a simple script transfer of the model, while the side panel more reliably has the full model transfer.
The Oil Tank continues to show the Minimum Oil Level and Oil Grade Transfers.
Notes for 1971
The parts book is again separated into Home & General Export and USA Editions/Sections.
It contains numerous errors so ensure that you use the supplementary parts list for the year.
By 1971 the BSA/Triumph group is in serious financial and managerial trouble, this period is a depressing read and recorded comprehensively in several other books beyond the scope of the motorcycles themselves.
The year sees the introduction of the first type "Oil In Frame" for the 650cc models and numerous part changes are found on the larger machines.
The introduction of these changes on the production line does not go well as it is discovered that the engines will not fit into the new frames with the rocker boxes fitted and for a period of time the factory is building engines but not assembling machines, these issues only concern the larger models and therefore the production schedule is changed so that the bulk of the orders for the 500's are built together while the issues with "Oil in Frame" are resolved.
1971 "C" Range production is in three distinct batches, production beginning on the 12th September 1970 with JE 0001 a T100R destined for Baltimore.
Note that production of 1971 models is considerably reduced from 1970 levels. (4802 from 9514).
Year Code G i.e. HG32303
Models Covered
1972 Triumph Tiger 100R 5423 Machines (Daytona Super Sports)
1972 Triumph Tiger 100P 485 Machines (Police Models)
The Model Range is now reduced to the Daytona 500 and Police Models T100P
Even though the T100C is referred to in the parts books and the owners' manual, very confusing!
It needs to be considered that by 1972 the T100C is soon to be replaced by the TR5T Trophy Trail/Adventurer and other BSA derived off Road Models.
Very few changes are made for this year with only the push in exhausts to look for and the composite oil pressure relief valve introduced previously.
As a styling note the push in exhausts gain the finned clamps only to retain the appearance of old.
The UK and some Home Market machines retain the Cone-Shaped Silencers and the US Models keep the traditional silencer as before but new and slightly shorter
Coupled exhaust pipes are fitted to all machines.
Note the kickstart is a new part, angled outwards to clear the new silencer arrangement.
In theory the Home and General Export machines are fitted with the Induction Airbox and Filter but this is a very rare find in reality!
The catalogue for the year indicates that the Daytona is available with either the 2.2 gallon Tank or the larger 3 gallon tank.
Some illustrations show Knee Grips in others these are missing.
The Colour scheme is shown as Cherry Red over Cold White, lined Gold with the Tank scheme shown in the catalogue as for 1966 models
Mudguards are Cherry red overall with Cold White stripes lined in Gold.
Note that again the published scheme may not be the one actually used and I suspect that the "Scalloped" design is continued.
Notes for 1972
The Parts Book (99-0954) and the supplementary lists show parts for both the T100R and T100C
The Factory Records for the period appear to show that no T100C models are built as all references are for T100R or T100P models.
From April 1972 the rear fuel tank mount is modified to reduce the stresses placed on the mounting. (Bulletin 4/72)
Clips are also fitted to the Balance Pipe between the Carburettor intake manifolds.
Parts book Corrections for the 1972 Parts Book can be found on Bulletin #72-03P
For each machine there is in the records a three figure tyre fitting code but this is impossible to decipher.
Year Code G i.e. JH32303
Models Covered
1973 Triumph Trophy TR5T 2549 Machines (Trophy/Adventurer)
1973 Triumph Tiger 100R 2365 Machines (Daytona Super Sports)
1973 Triumph Tiger 100P 180 Machines (Police Models)
The TR5T is a new model introduced for the 1973 season, this features a slightly modified T100C engine fitted into the highly successful BSA Victor Frame.
I will attempt to cover this model separately at a later date as research material becomes available.
Only the T100R continues to be marketed and in a more generalised form for all markets.
Very few Engine changes are applied, a balance pipe is added to the inlet manifolds to improve low speed running.
Note that the TR5T features modified rocker boxes, cylinder head studs and nuts to suit the Victor frame and may not be interchangeable.
The air filter arrangement with the air box fitted in theory to UK machines is discontinued, so expect to see the standard pancake filter used.
New noise regulations enforced from the 1st January 1973 require machines manufactured after this date to comply and machines built after DH 30706 now feature the more restrictive silencers illustrated on the machine above. Machines built early in the model year show the exhaust and silencer arrangement continued from the 1972 models.
Factory Bulletin 2/73 details the part number changes but is not illustrated
The headlamp Supports/Shrouds are reinforced at the headlamp mountings, note the machine illustrated shows chromed supports that may not be standard.
Addition information indicates that the fork sliders are modified but I have not been able to identify how.
The petrol tank design is changed in both the 3 gallon and 2 ½ gallon versions. The centre seam is deleted along with the covering styling strip.
UK and General export machines show a single fuel tap with reserve capability, while US machines have separate main and reserve taps.
As previously, orange reflectors are fitted under the front of the tank.
The brakes though the same part differ in finish between UK/General Export and USA machines.
The finish is Matt Black for UK/General export models and Polished on the USA machines.
Chrome plated mudguards (Fenders) are introduced with chrome plated stays and rear support/grab rail.
The rear mudguard is now a shorter 'Sport' design though some General Export machines are fitted with a longer version of the mudguard.
Introduced is a new Lucas L917 Rear Light unit incorporating side reflectors which allows the indicators to be now mounted on the grab rail in the location
previously used for the reflectors, a slight modification in the wiring is required to suit the new arrangement.
On the handlebar the switchgear changes to show larger lever switches, with the Kill Switch on the left and the Dip Switch on the right hand cluster.
Specified are new chromed steel ball ended handlebar levers for all models.
The tachometer is now fitted as standard, driven by a new one piece drive gearbox and fixed by a 'Welch' washer (any ideas?)
interestingly a service bulletin later details that the Welch washer is discontinued and the drive gearbox changed to incorporate a threaded cap plug.
For 1973 the finish is Ice White over Hi-fi Vermillion with Black lining or Gold over Astral Blue with Black lining.
In theory only US models are in the Vermillion scheme.
Notes for 1973
The parts supplement published on the 1st November 1972 indicates that there are new part numbers for both the Crankcases and Frame
but I have been unable to identify what if any changes were introduced.
Ted Simons famous Jupiters Travels and his Triumph T100P (DH 31414) are featured at the Coventry Transport Museum
Here you will find an excellent collection of cars, bicycles and motorcycles and displays on Coventry's role in British transport history.
Year Code G i.e. JK32303
Models Covered
1974 Triumph TR5T 929 Machines (Adventurer)
1974 Triumph Tiger T100D 25 Machines (Daytona MK2)
1974 Triumph Tiger 100R 550 Machines (Daytona Super Sports)
1974 Triumph Tiger 100P 100 Machines (Police Models)
1974 Production begins in July 1973 and continues until 14th September 1973 when the factory closes and the "Sit In" starts
All T100R (550) models produces up to this date are the Mk1 Models featuring drum brakes and the previous front fork with only very few of the
MK 2 T100D versions with the front disc and Ceriani Type Fork are built and completed.
The only noted engine changes for the 1974 season is the fitting of a higher pressure relief valve, now operating at 75-85 psi and fitted with a coarse mesh filter.
This part is from the Triples. Part No: 70-6595.
The silencers fitted are the ones used from January 1973, elongated and torpedo shaped they are fitted with new exhaust pipes with captive head fixing bolts and brackets similar in design to the larger models attached to the pillion footrests using longer bolts.
There is a minor change to the wiring arrangement in the headlamp for the Indicators which reverses the operation of the handlebar switch
And the left hand panel and tool box is slightly modified to reduce the opportunity for cables to chafe.
The factory bulletins for the period detail these minor changes.
The colour scheme chosen for the season is Ice White over Argosy Blue with Gold lining
Notes for 1974
For a good history of the last days of Meriden look for John Rosamonds Book "Save the Triumph Bonneville" published by Veloce ISBN 978-1-845842-65-9
The T100D refers to the MK 2 Daytona fitted with parts from the BSA/Triumph Group, this includes the disc front brake, conical rear hub and forks from the other models in the range. Very few of these machines were manufactured the last machine being JJ 58013.
All of the T100P machines JJ 57888 to JJ 57987 are built on the 6th September 1973. They are almost the last machines made before the factory closure.
Though completed just prior to the closure of the factory they leave for their customer the Ministry of Defence in Burma on the 21st September.
Information kindly provided by Richard Wheadon of the Triumph Owners Club details the Engine/Frame Numbers of the machines that were involved in the "Sit In"
and the first production batches when production eventually resumes.
I have divided my notes into sections on Information Sources, The Triumph Factory the Factory Records, Dating your Triumph, Colour Schemes, Magazine Articles, Photographic Archives, Buying and Ownership, Parts and About Me, Please scroll to the section that interests you.
Information Sources
My knowledge of the 'C' Range Triumphs is improving all of the time as new facts come to light. Information for one model often applies to others.
I am researching the Factory Records in detail and continuing to assemble a library of road tests, brochures, parts books and photograph sources for the 'C' range.
Copyright limitations restrict me but I can at least guide you to articles and images for your own research.
The VMCC hold the Original Factory Records, Brochures, Parts Books, Factory Bulletins, Confidential documents, Books and Original Photographs not just for Triumph but many other makes of British motorcycle from the dawn of motoring to the present day.
Contact us at the VMCC using this link www.vmcc.net where we will be happy to help with research and registering your latest restoration or purchase.
I cannot guarantee that the machine information I have detailed is correct as each time I study a restored machine or view photographs I am often left with more questions than answers. I welcome any help and information you can provide especially leads to good quality period photographs as these help me to identify original parts and variations. I have been fortunate to study machines made on the same day or from the same batch, which has helped me to confirm many details not normally visible.
Where possible my research is based on period photographs, parts books/manuals, factory records, employee and owner interviews and studying machines rather than later articles, restorations, books and hearsay. I am indebted to the Triumph Company for allowing me to use illustrations from the original period brochures, to the VMCC for allowing me access to the Triumph Factory Records and for their continuing support and friendship. TRW (Lucas) and Mortons Media have given limited copyright permission to use images and script from their material.
Finally I must also thank John Nelson, Jim Lee, Roy Peplow, Johnny Giles, Ray Sayer, David Gaylin, Lindsay Brooke, Bill Milburn, John Healy, Don Hutchinson, Skip Van Leeuwen, Jack Simmonds, Dan Rouit, Bill Getty, Buddy Stubbs and my many Triumph friends for additional information and support.
Sadly we lost Claudio Sintich last year, check out his excellent books on Triumphs.
Dan Rouit also passed in November 2016 (a larger than life and inspiration man in spite of his disability).
I recommend looking through Google Images to familiarise yourself with the various models and the detail differences that you will see. Note that many of the images are relatively modern / incorrect and should be used only as a guide together with other information available to identify the basic specification of an individual machine.
I have been for some time collecting period magazines, brochures and articles as they become available. It is possible with perseverance to assemble a file for your machine.
Period brochures in good condition are expensive. Availability will depend on your location and the period you are looking for. I have obtained all of the single sheet US brochures through EBAY and have completed my collection of UK brochures and the Parts books for the C Range. My work with the period magazines is detailed in my Magazine Index.
It is possible to obtain re-prints of road tests, photographs, copies of magazine articles parts books and technical sheets all which will assist you in the restoration process.
I do not have the relevant copyright permissions to copy all the items I own, but can direct you to the holders of the articles you are looking for.
Contact Jane Skayman at Mortons Media on 01507 529423 if you would like a copy of an article or photograph from their archive which covers "The Motor Cycle" and "Motorcycling" or use this link to reach their main website www.mortonsmediagroup.com
Old copies of "Cycle" "Cycle World" other US titles and Brochures are available through Vintage Mags at www.dadsvintageads.com
To view original copies of 'American Motorcycling' magazine go to the AMA site via this link www.americanmotorcyclist.com and then use their Magazine Tag to view any back issue to 1955, a fantastic resource and a nice site to navigate. Each magazine can be searched and this feature is useful if you are looking for articles, features or people.
Both Cycle and Cycle World have digitised their back catalogue of magazines and for a small annual subscription these can be viewed. An excellent source of historical
Information for little cost! See www.covertocover.cycleworld.com and www.cyclenews.com
The VMCC retain copies of many magazines including Motorcycle Sport, Motorcycle Illustrated and Das Motoraad, contact the VMCC Library at firstname.lastname@example.com
Or use the VMCC Tab at the top of my webpage.
Please have a look at the excellent and continually improving site at www.classicbike.biz where you will find many rare and interesting US brochure images.
The readily available Works Manual (Ring Bound Dark Blue) is an invaluable tool especially for the post 1966 machines as it is packed with excellent technical illustrations and technical specifications for the 'C' range machines. Good quality re-prints are sometimes available.
The specifications in the Works Manuals apply only to the later machines (66 on).
Haynes print a manual for the 'C' range models www.haynes.co.uk ISBN 0 85696 137 X the machine pictured is a 1968 T100 (H61527).
Occasionally Triumph Factory Bulletins become available and are a very interesting read.
Via EBAY copies of the parts books are now readily available.
Most of the Triumph Parts Books can be viewed using the Classic British Spares website: www.classicbritishspares.com
Please bear in mind that the parts books were printed often several months after production had begun for that model year and additionally some manuals such as No: 4 cover a long period of production and need to be used carefully.
The parts books show some parts that were not actually fitted and so care needs to be taken to correlate the information inside with other material. Please note that parts were regularly improved; changed or substituted. All part changes were recorded and the files survive in John Nelsons Archive. I have recently obtained previously confidential files circulated to US dealers that show changes in some parts books and parts that were substituted or never fitted.
The Part numbering system used by Triumph is divided into lettered sections, E for engine, F for Frame etc. And then a number allocated. As parts change and are superseded they are given a new number. When looking at a parts book you will see what at first looks like a confusing mixture of numbers, three, four and five digits.
Parts which remain unchanged year after year will have lower numbers while those that are superseded will have a higher number. By comparing part numbers from several years it is possible to identify when parts were superseded.
Triumph often used parts between models and it is worth checking the parts books for the A and B range machines to compare part numbers, an example is the Knee Pads fitted to the T100C's which are the same part as the Knee Pads fitted to earlier Cubs.
Many Triumph components such as side stands and camshafts show cast in numbers which do not correspond with the parts books and so these numbers are rather meaningless.
The VMCC Library in Burton on Trent is an excellent source of information on all makes of machine, they have numerous books many out of print, complete magazine back issues and original factory and press photographs. More importantly they also have the Original Factory Records for several manufacturers, these are very interesting and can be used verify a particular machines history and specification. They additionally have an extensive and growing collection of genuine brochures and factory articles including press releases, invaluable for research on particular models from any manufacturer UK and Foreign. Most useful are the complete Lucas Brochure Files for UK manufacturers.
The VMCC are happy to help you in your personal research or for you to visit the library in Burton on Trent but please call beforehand. www.vmcc.net
Burton on Trent is famous for being the home of the Burton on Trent Brewery and Marmite! It has good Rail and Bus access with Lichfield and Derby nearby, with good riding nearby in the Derbyshire Dales. There is some parking available at the VMCC offices.The Barber Motorsports Museum in Birmingham Alabama has an extensive archive of original US magazines, currently it is not open to the public. The records held there are to assist the restorers at the museum, if you have material to donate then please contact the Barber Museum Staff.
Dan Rouit (passed Nov 2016) at his Flat Track Museum in Clovis CA has an extensive collection of US Race Programs and numerous fascinating posters that he collected as a kid at the various dirt track events throughout California in the 60's and 70's.
His Museum has a great collection of machines and ephemera from the period and is well worth the trip. Dan and his lovely partner Kathy are great to talk to and a real inspiration. I had an amazing time there during a visit, make the trip you won't regret it…
The Modern Records Library at Warwick University (UK) contains several files and volumes from the Meriden Factory. Including the detailed account ledgers from 1946 to 1968, these fascinating documents show great detail, month by month sales volumes and figures, tool and material costs, salaries, pension contributions, charity donations,
bad debts, all the minutia of the company finances !
Other files at the record give details on shipping, air cargo, road transport and complaints and there are some interesting letters to read.
If you are interested in viewing these files for yourself the record reference is MSS 123, you will need to show proof of identity and address.
There is pay parking available on the campus and a café nearby, follow the signs to the University Library, Modern Records is nearby.
The Solihull Core Library and the Central Library in Birmingham have additional Triumph material but are better known for their extensive collections on BSA.
I have completed an analysis of the Triumph Account Books covering Sales into the various markets from 1950 to 1968 and can provide information from this work if required. The Accounting Period is 1st August to the 31St July so it does not always correspond with manufacturing schedules and some machines would be unsold at the end of the Accounting year. The work I have done shows interesting details particularly in relationship to sales into various markets and how important the USA market became after 1965 to Triumphs Fortunes and the seeds of its eventual collapse due to over production of a limited range.
Other material from the Meriden Era is kept by John Nelson, David Gaylin, Sean Kelly, Dick Shepherd, The London Motorcycle Museum in Greenford, the Triumph Owners Club and also some private collections.
Information I have received indicates that the University of UTAH holds archive material relating to the Bonneville Speed Records.
I have also been to Mortons Media in Horncastle to study period photographs from the EMAP archive. The photographs are distributed over several files and generally not grouped together as sets, they are not stamped with a date when the picture was taken but stamped with a 'received' date, unless I can conclusively verify the picture date; I view the information with scepticism. It is worth remembering that even in the period magazines the photographs used were for illustration and may not be from the date or machine written about. Motorcycle Mechanics often use the test machines for several articles in later editions.
The photographs I have viewed at the various archives; I have seen used again and again in books on Triumph but the information written on the back of the photographs does not always indicate the model pictured or the date the picture was taken. This practice spreads unforeseen disinformation.
The factory photographs of machines taken for publicity purposes were taken at the back of the works canteen and have a distinctive background. This helps to identify the original factory images. The registrations and engine numbers are rarely visible so confirming the exact dates of machines featured is difficult.
When looking at the factory or press photographs take notice of the background and try to identify those which share details.
At the VMCC we have a limited collection of Factory and Press Photographs covering 1938 to 1967, these have been scanned and copies can be provided for your personal use and research but not for publication.
I have researched the Registration records at the Warwickshire Record Office where the factory machines were registered, the only machine information shown is the make and sometimes the cc. The Competition and Press machines are registered to Triumph, Meriden instead of a dealer or garage. I am still researching this aspect to identify what happened eventually to press and competition machines. Some were re-built at standard machines and then sent to a dealer for sale often some years later.
If you wish to research any vehicle with a Warwickshire Registration, I recommend you try this search page www.warwickshire.gov.uk/archivesunlocked
You will need to use the Document reference Number CR1827 together with the Registration number you are interested in. There is a charge for a search and a copy of the record involved. Also ask if the 'Surrender' card survives, issued if a machine is licensed in another county. You can of course view the records yourself at the Record Office. You will need to take proof of identity and address.
There are numerous books on Triumph both current and out of print, I can recommend some over others as these contain more suitable original photographs rather than ones taken in more recent times. Look for titles by Lindsay Brooke, Harry Woolridge, J.R Nelson, Jeff Clew, David Gaylin, Mario Syntich and Roy Bacon. Many of the out of date publications are expensive but can be viewed as investments and sold on at a later date, Ebay is a good source! Alternatively try your lending library, you are legally allowed to take copies of pages for your own private use. (UK. Copyright)
There are also several books and articles covering the history and demise of the Triumph company, the personalities and politics. All make interesting reading and give a perspective on where it all went wrong, and so rapidly too! I recommend Bert Hopgoods rather depressing "Whatever Happened to the British Motorcycle Industry. Jeff Clew's book on Turner and his Triumphs is also an excellent read.
I have found that re-reading the period magazines has given me an additional historical perspective and put into context the British motorcycle industry and its changing fortunes during the 60's and early 70's.
The Triumph workshop manuals (Dark Blue Ring bound, published from 1966) are excellent sources for detail, illustrations and a must for the restorer but again check when they were printed in relation to your machines manufacture date, later printings do not fully cover the earlier models. Haynes print a manual for the 'C' range models www.haynes.co.uk ISBN 0 85696 137 X the machine pictured is a 1968 T100 (H61527). Occasionally Triumph Factory Bulletins become available and are a very interesting read.
There is an interesting factory film made in 1957 by Triumph, which can be viewed on www.youtube.com it is in 3 parts and goes into some detail into the manufacturing process. Search for "Triumph Factory Film"
It is also possible to view Edward Turners original 1937 Triumph Patents and many other Triumph Engineering Company Patents on the internet. The 1937 Patent Numbers are GB474963, GB475860 and GB482024.
Also look at Patent GB713932 of October 1952 describing the Stressed tank GB647670 the Nacelle and GB518456 of 1938, for the Number Plate. There are some 30 other interesting Patent Articles.
Late 1966 model T100SS pictured the day it was bought … You can't get better than this…
For copyright reasons I am unable to display period photographs on my site but can guide you to the various collections available both on the internet and in various archives. This is very much an unfinished section as there are photographs stored in Libraries both here in the UK and USA I have yet to find.
Mortons media have an extensive photographic archive associated with the "Motorcycle" and "Motorcycling". Contact Jane Skayman at Mortons Media (01507 529423) for more information.
Use this link to reach their Archive Pages www.mortonsarchive.com
For UK photographic images I recommend the Stilltime collection at www.stilltimecollection.co.uk here you will find a huge and fascinating collection of British period photographs covering all subjects. Images can be purchased either for personal research or for gifts.
Another collection of original images can be found at British Only Austria at www.vintage-motorcycle.com
This is an excellent collection; formerly the 'Peter Howdle Collection', Peter was one of the founding staff members and later Editor of Motor Cycle News.
He was active for many years, popular, unbiased in his opinions and respected by all. He took some iconic images especially of Trials and many of the images I have seen on this site have not seen published before in any of the readily available restoration books.
For photographs of the Triumph Factory and Production line look at Howard Greys Archive at www.howardgrey.com these wonderful images taken at the factory in 1966 show the production line, drawing office, paintshop and testers waiting to take new machines out.
US Motorsport pictures can be found at Mahonyphotos.com. www.mahonyphotos.com
This is just a taste of a huge of collection fabulous and sometimes famous portraits taken by Walt and Dan Mahony as various locations in California
"My late father, Walt Mahony, began shooting photographs of the weekly AMA Class "C" (Flat Track) races around Southern California in the early 1950's. I went with him to hundreds of races growing up, easily learned from him how to shoot interesting pictures and "took over the business" in 1968, and did it until about 6 years ago, when I was injured by an errant Stock Car at a local track and was pretty much put out of the picture-taking business."
On Flickr look for bcgreeneiv's Photostream. Great Colour 50's and 60's images taken in and around California. Check out the Kelso Dunes shots 1967, just fabulous. There are some 1200 photos in this stream, all great period pictures.
The VMCC also have a photographic archive which contains a good selection of motorcycling related images including copies of Triumph Factory Photographs but none of these images are available on the internet as yet. Contact the VMCC Library for copies.
Additional photographs of BSA are held by the Solihull Core Library and the Birmingham Central Library who have an extensive and very little researched collection of original and mostly unpublished photographs from the BSA Factory. Refer to collection number MS 321/C.
Motorcycle Museums and Collections
For a comprehensive worldwide list of Motoring Museums go to the Vintage Flat Track site at www.vft.org and click on the Museums Tag.
Never again will you have to go on a holiday and miss out on our hobby for gazing at old stuff …..
The Triumph Factory
One of a series of photos taken by Howard Grey of the Triumph Production line in 1966 showing the testers standing between a row of Tiger 100's and 3TA's
These rare images along with many other period shots can be viewed and purchased through Howard's site at www.howardgrey.com, he has very kindly given me permission to use this fabulous image, I am hoping to identify the machines pictured.
Featured from Left to Right; Bert Watmore, Pete West, Jock Copeland and Steve Spencer, note the Barbour Jackets. Tucked under the Tank Racks are the Test Sheets that the Testers filled in to indicate problems with each machine if there were any. There is a Triumph advertisement from May 1966 that uses a similar image.
If you look closely at this photograph you will note the differing specifications, in the background are a number of 3TA's finished entirely in white, while the 3TA on the right does not show a coloured stripe on the front mudguard or a number plate (for export).
On the Still Time Archive photos www.stilltimecollection.co.uk there are a number of images featuring Triumphs taken both at the old Priory Street factory and at the later Meriden Factory, with experience you can identify the locations.
Following the destruction of Triumph's Priory Street factory in Coventry on the night of the 14th November 1940 a new site was selected on land owned by Jack Sangster between Coventry and Birmingham near the village of Meriden …..
Between March 1957 and 1973 Triumph at Meriden produced some 1,000,000 'C' range machines along with the numerous other Machines in the Triumph range. I have been fortunate to interview John Nelson who wrote the following article.
I am always amazed by the vast range of questions that are asked regarding the production of motorcycles from the original factory in Meriden. Most can only be answered from the 'incomplete' records made at the time, and the memories of the dwindling few that worked there, and still exist (and retain their memories)!
My first statement is that there was no one at the factory who was detailed to study and record each individual machine and function so that he could recall precisely sixty years later. What records that were kept were for business and legal purposes.
Secondly, Triumph was not just a motorcycle assembly shop from bought in finished components as were many other makes. When I joined in nineteen fifty, they made their own pistons, frames, gears, shafts, clutches, wheel hubs-polished and plated their wheel rims, handlebars, silencers in modern paint, polishing and plating shops. The machine shops manufactured almost every part for engines and gearboxes, and all was subject to very strict inspection and quality procedures.
So! How did it all work? In the nineteen fifties and sixties, Edward Turner was in charge. Each year he approved design changes, and new models down to every nut and bolt. Most proposed changes were submitted by Sales for acceptance following market trends and Distributor and Dealer requests. Once agreed, the new seasons models were specified by the Design Department, and a specification issued for each model, by part number detailing quantity, material, etc. indicating 'new' where appropriate. When these were issued, Sales issued a programme of forthcoming sales requirements which went to the Purchase and Production departments. Purchase had to schedule deliveries of raw materials to cover manufacturing requirements in time for Production to commence at the proposed date. Tallies were issued to each section in the factory detailing quantities for each individual component in scheduled batches for delivery in time for inspection, and transfer to the central 'finished ' stores. The finished stores was in a central position in the assembly area, midway between the engine and gearbox assembly tracks, and the motorcycle final assembly line.
By this time, the Sales departments (Home and Export) had collected the forward orders for the forthcoming season, and converted these into coloured cardboard Tallies (White for Home and General Export, and Pink for Overseas Markets), detailing individual model, destination, Distributor or Dealer, additions to specification, packing and despatch etc. All these Tallies were collected in single model and destination batches and passed down to Production and Planning to be attached to the bare assembled frames, forks and wheels and handlebars, as the machine was placed on the final assembly track. By this time the Engine Assembly track, on the other side of the finished stores, was commencing build of the new seasons specification engines. Nothing had a frame or engine number at this point. As the engine 'grew', and after the pistons and barrels had been fitted, the designated operator sequentially stamped each individual letter and number on the crankcase, whilst standing by the engine at waist height, (not easy!) and then recorded it in the build book. Passed on to the next operators, the engine was then completed, collected in a batch at the end of the track, and then shipped in batches round to the final assembly track, and fitted into the next frame going down the line. The engines were picked from the engine bench supply in random order and it was not until the last operation on the finished motorcycle, just before it was passed down to the testers that the frame number (taken from the engine number) was stamped by hand, using individual stamps on the headlug -(later an adhesive label), and the number entered on the Tally, and then into the build register. On rare occasions, due to frame hold-ups, large stocks of engines gathered awaiting build, and no attempt was made to ensure they were segregated and then fitted in chronological order. An engine was a bike; which was an invoice, and an income.
When passed test, (or rectification, and then re-test) the machines were delivered to the Despatch department, stripped as required for shipment, packed, crated - or delivered by truck, as specified. A dispatch record of every machine was also logged by the despatch department, the completed Tallies were then returned to the Sales departments, and the final records completed….and the invoices dispatched. During every stage of the above procedures, there were a large complement of progress chasers, based in the production department whose sole job was to ensure the material from the 'rough stores' was presented to the various machining sections in time for each batch manufacture, heat treatment, plating/polishing in accordance with the schedule, and available in time in the central stores for each day's supply to the tracks in accordance with the day's model build programme, (and as you will appreciate, the constant supply of finished material for the Spares Department).. Everyone knew the programme, and what they were building, normally starting with 650 6T's TR6, T110, and T120, in those days, and eventually 750's TR7 and T140's. In the early days 350/500's and Police and military were usually at the end of the sequence. Then it was all round again and no going back to earlier models.
New models were usually introduced immediately following the Annual Works Holiday, when a skeleton staff had been retained to install the new jigs and fixtures to be used for subsequent production, and a number of dummy runs made to solidify any new installation procedures required for the return and start-up when the operators returned- so all was ready to go! This was the time when the routine changed to supply the U.S. with early consignments of the new models, so they could be shipped and distributed and displayed across the USA in time for the spring selling season. Imagine what happened when the new frame from Umberslade was introduced three months late, and then the engine couldn't be installed. The entire selling season was lost, and the decline set in.
The records that I have show factory deliveries to Tricor and Jomo between the years 1958 and 1965.
Tricor and Jomo figures includes all models, including Cubs, 350/500, 650's and Tina/T10
T120 figures are included within the overall totals. 'Income' figures are factory invoice value.
'Production' is the total Meriden output figures for the periods shown.
Another important feature about the U.S Market, when investigating U.S. models, is that both Distributors were there to sell the machines. They offered Dealer update parts to shift the products, altered machines within their own warehouses, sold them as models the factory had never heard of. The competition between the two main distributors was who could clear last year's stock the soonest. so don't ask me about anything that turns up there after fifty years or more. Whatever it is, it left the production line to spec!
John Nelson August 2011
As John indicates, Production is in batches of similar machines, Please note the vast majority of machines were for export, and were produced to special order for police, government and military duties and reading the despatch books is an education in manufacturing for export. These machines were often made to differing specifications than standard, very few pictures survive and even fewer machines survive in original condition.
Once machines had passed final testing they were taken to the packing department, partially dismantled or in some cases fully dismantled (CKD usually Ireland) and then carefully packed in purpose designed Cases.
The Packing Cases used by Triumph were supplied by G.B Developments of Kenilworth, machines would have the handlebars, footrests and front wheel removed and the machine would then be secured into the Crate, machines for the UK would generally not be packed but transported complete.
Machines for Ireland were supplied completely dismantled (CKD) to evade import duties on complete vehicles.
Shipping time for the USA was 14 Days to Tri-Cor and 21 Days to Johnson Motors.
Triumphs really are found worldwide and huge numbers of machines especially 3TA's and 5TA's were dispatched, you will find them in Vietnam, Burma, Bhutan, Nepal, Peurto Rico, Peru and Pakistan They were sold to Royalty, Democracies and even the Khymer Rouge !
Have a look at the Pakistan site Pakwheels.com at www.pakwheels.com as occasionally interesting machines come up for sale.
Home Market machines do at least seem to be standardised, these are ordered by motorcycle dealers as potential sales. The Triumph brochure would have been printed to coincide with production for the coming year in order to stimulate public interest. There are some home market machines made to special order, for Factory publicity, Police or MOD duties. And these will have differing finish and fittings over standard.
My work transcribing the records continues and interestingly more Tiger 90's are produced than home market Tiger 100's
I have in the records come across one single surviving order sheet for a batch of 3TA's
This shows these machines made in small sub batches before a change is made to fulfil a particular requirement, i.e. Colour or Electrical arrangement. So though the written record shows some 135 3TA's made in this period; only this sheet details the differences applied, this makes identifying the exact specification of any machine a potential nightmare because as far as I am aware no other order sheets form this period survive. I would like to know what colours and specifications the Tiger 90's for the Ministry Of Supply in Ghana were, what was the specification of Burmese Police machines, was the 3TA sent to the King of Nepal special in any way! Actually one survives from the Nepalese Embassy now under restoration in Finland.
Furthest flung Triumph so far is a Tiger 90 that went to St Helena and I have a correspondent in the Cook Islands, look it up on the map!
Production for each model year usually ends in July the Factory then went on Holiday. Production would often recommence with special machines for show duties or export. Required daily production by 1965 was 60 machines but this figure increases gradually to 1968 when it peaks at 140 machines (one every few minutes)!
If you have an interest in British Motorcycles I recommend reading Bert Hopwood's "Whatever Happened to the British Motorcycle Industry",
an excellent read which will give you an insight into the British Motorcycle Industry from before the war to its ultimate collapse in the 70's.
Below is an essay by Chris Hemming (Labour Party History.org) that I have edited and included for its historical value.
The Triumph Meriden Co-operative: An unconventional end to the decline of a British industry?
In 1951 Triumph Motorcycles became part of the industrial holding company Birmingham Small Arms (BSA). In July 1973 in the face of bankruptcy BSA/Triumph had been government aided into a reverse take-over by the only other British motorcycle manufacturer; Norton Villiers to form the Norton Villiers Triumph Company (NVT)
The new company was owned by Manganese Bronze Holdings (MBH) controlled by Dennis Poore with the State as a major stakeholder.
NVT immediately proposed to rationalise the business from three factories to two by closing the Triumph Meriden factory with the loss of 1,750 jobs.
The Triumph workers reacted unremarkably for the time in response to redundancy by occupying the factory for the next eighteen months.
At the end of the occupation the remaining 200 workers at Meriden resumed work for a company that they controlled and with the financial backing of the Labour government.
Unfortunately as Meriden reopened the government was embarking on a new course, Eric Varley replaced Tony Benn the pro-state interventionist Industry Minister and the Treasury increased its control.
During 1973-75 the motorcycle operations of NVT slipped into liquidation leaving Meriden the sole surviving British motorcycle manufacturer. Management Today commented that 'There can be few cases of industries collapsing so swiftly and so completely.' This study concentrates on the weak performance of the industry during its final period. However, it acknowledges the Steve Koerner thesis that the underlying factor responsible for the decline was the inter-war strategy to concentrate on low volume production of larger machines generating higher profits.
The history of the British motorcycle industry is one of gradual and irregular decline from global supremacy in the 1930s.
There are a small number of studies of the industry but not as proliferate as that for the British motor vehicle Industry. BSA, as a company has some similarity to Leslie Hannah's description of corporate development in Britain in Rise of the Corporate Economy. It grew from an armaments manufacturer to an industrial holding company absorbing several legendary motorcycle names to become the dominant British manufacturer.
BSA displayed the common weaknesses of a holding company as described by Derek Channon in The strategy and structure of British enterprise, it lacked a central policy making direction and the Board strategy was in essence to have no strategy. One cause given by Management Today was that 'British firms were small and run by men with limited management horizons.' BSA had nothing approaching a complex managerial hierarchy that Alfred Chandler described in Visible Hand or Strategy and Structure.
Even after the management consultants McKinsey had recommended a move to a multi-divisional form in 1964, its introduction was very problematic and caused conflict between existing management.
Edward Turner reacted to the introduction of the multi-divisional form by declining to take an interest in the BSA and Ariel factories in Birmingham, rarely leaving Meriden. Meanwhile the whole company became ossified with 'BSA and Triumph…fighting each other almost to the bitter end.'
Ironically, it was Turner who had identified the smooth multi-divisional structure at Honda of Japan on a visit in 1960.
Honda shared with BSA both a foundry and a machine tools division but unlike BSA with its separate firms, the divisions at Honda were fully integrated into the structure. The BSA Company attempted to integrate its motorcycle operations, and although transaction costs were reduced the results illustrated by a former BSA Executive, Bert Hopwood were almost absurd.
The decline of industrial Britain often referred to as the 'British disease' has been a common feature of academic research since the 1970s. The primary reasons have been given as low productivity and a declining rate of profit together with the gradual loss of both home and export markets.
Although much research has been done on the motor vehicle industry there have been minimal published scholarly studies of the motorcycle industry.
The British motorcycle industry of the time shared a number of similarities with British car industry, such as problems associated with a wide product-range, labour intensive production, weak management and declining profitability. The motorcycle industry is however distinguished by its far higher rate of decline from being the third highest export earner in the 1950s to virtual collapse by the mid 1970s.
Despite the rapidity of decline of the motorcycle industry, institutional studies of the motor vehicle industry bare some similarity in respect of the relationship between government, industry and workers. The industry blamed the decline on Japanese competition, caused by government policy that had forced them to neglect the home market because of 'fiscal measures' and interference. The only defence of the industry is a reply to this debate by the right-wing Conservative 'think-tank' Centre for Policy Studies that government intervention can be blamed for its disappearance.
However the only comprehensive business history of the industry by Steve Koerner argues that it collapsed because of 'internal weaknesses'. The study suggests that there was no single factor but several contained in three phases. The factors ranged from the ineffective response to the collapse of demand during the 1930s, failure to develop a cheap lightweight product during the post-war boom, to the final phase when managerial 'culture' misguidedly dismissed Japanese competition.
At the 1969 BSA Annual Meeting, the Chairman agreed that Japanese competition was beginning to encroach into the 'super-bike' segment of the USA market.
Unfortunately, as another BSA executive admitted, their response was to do nothing. The failure of the industry to meet the challenge from Japan was one of the chief criticisms of the 1975 Boston Consulting Group report commissioned by Tony Benn. The past performance of manufacturers was heavily criticised, they had been too preoccupied with 'short-term profitability' at the expense of long term competition. The report outlined the weaknesses of the British plants that 'show all the signs of many years of chronic under-investment…the factories have effectively no experience of high volume, low cost, highly automated manufacturing and assembly methods.'
According to Doug Hele the former Chief Designer at Triumph to get more production they employed a larger workforce 'rather than investing in more sophisticated machine tools. The money at the time should have been ploughed into tooling for the more modern motorcycles, realising as they did not, that it would take five years to develop a modern motorcycle.'
The Boston Group criticised the 'segment retreat strategies' of the industry 'in the long run…they are almost always disastrous.' This has been challenged by Karel Williams et.al. for 'placing too much emphasis on the difference between British and Japanese market philosophies.' They argue that the strategy adopted by the industry to retreat and concentrate on 'superbikes' was logical because conditions in Britain 'enforced short-run objectives.' The retreat to the 'superbike' market was probably the only option open to the industry although domestic demand was sluggish the North American market was expected to grow. Martin Fairclough contests the view that the industry had a segment retreat strategy, the much larger small lightweight market had only been abandoned after an attempt to develop new products had failed and aggravated the problems.
The third sector as Table 1 shows, the 250cc to 500cc category, was rapidly shrinking and identified by Barbara Smith as one of the causes for the industry's decline.
Table 1: Motorcycles Registered in the United Kingdom
1958 1972
Up to 250cc 977,000 874,000
250cc – 500cc 286,000 47,000
500cc and above 54,000 59,000
Source: Motor Cycle Association.
The British industry was much smaller in scale and less efficient than the Japanese. Les Huckield a local M.P. proudly referred to the motorcycles built at Meriden as not a 'mass produced machine but precision built by a labour force of skilled craftsmen.'
For Dennis Poore the future lay in 'an explosive technological effort to catch up with the Japanese' the problem was that resources to commence such a project were beyond the capacity of an ailing industry.
In the early 1970s output was 50,000 motorcycles or fifteen per man year. In comparison, the capital intensive methods of Honda, Yamaha and Suzuki each made between one and two million machines with output per man year varying between 100 to 200 motorcycles.
British workers used multi-purpose machines sixty per cent of which were over twenty years old and some were quite 'vintage'.
Once the Co-operative had started production assembly was still 'controlled by hand and not machine' but output increased from twenty one to twenty six motorcycles per man year. Organisational reforms included the end of demarcation between jobs, an egalitarian wages system and the sharing of knowledge. The outcome was a staggering fifty per cent increase in output despite the transfer of some of the more modern machinery to NVT.
Robert Oakshott has suggested that the productivity increases recorded could provide the solution to the productivity gap attributed to poor labour relations by Pratten in his international comparative study.
The Secretary of State for Industry in 1975, Eric Varley, told the House of Commons that the major problem with the motorcycle industry had been 'the great failure of British management in the industry over the years.' The failure of management, one of the principle criticisms of the Boston Report is echoed by Williams et.al. who argue that firms did not have the 'managerial resources to take on Japanese mass producers' that 'controls [were] primitive or non-existent' and the motorcycles were not 'cost-engineered
at design stage'.
Martin Fairclough endorses this argument, the small team at Triumph were 'recruited for motorcycle expertise and enthusiasm…rather than general management skills.' The NVT Chairman claimed that one of the reasons Meriden was to close was because of poor management who had not the competence to organise the flow of supplies
to the factory.
Robert Oakeshott has suggested that workers resented having to pay for poor management with their jobs and consequently were keen to support self-management. The legacy continued after the birth of the co-operative, conventional management was considered unnecessary.
At Meriden opinion about workers management competence was ignored and all positions were elected from the shop floor except for a handful of specialist professional managers. However, by 1977, technical and financial factors forced a reappraisal of management positions and Meriden became the subject of voluntary expertise until Geoffrey Robinson became Chief Executive in 1978.
One of the factors identified by Williams et.al. as being responsible for Britain's poor performance at manufacturing was employers control over the labour process and their difficulties in dealing with a heavily unionised workforce. At Meriden, the workforce was fully unionised but unlike plants in the multi-union motor industry eighty per cent of the workers were in one trade union. Labour relations were relatively harmonious more akin to the atmosphere of a 'family' firm and most issues were resolved over a 'packet of Woodbines.' Management control over the shopfloor was delegated to experienced craft workers who were invariably the fathers of sons or daughters working at the plant. Labour market conditions in the Coventry area by the 1970s were such that the firm increasingly had to rely upon external recruitment rather than family connection, the 'new comers were ejected unionists from the car plants.'
In 1972, Meriden workers were the highest earning engineering workers in Britain. Something, which Bert Hopwood attributed to a strong union with 'expert' negotiators over piece rate bargaining, high product demand and a management team concerned with 'production at any cost.' The delegation of management control, once
of mutual benefit, now resulted in over-capacity and over-manning as sales declined.
The final two years of BSA control over Meriden were categorised by widespread strikes as management attempted to retrieve control thus adding to the poor performance of the company and an eleven per cent drop in production for the 1972-73 year.
Hopwood had an affinity for the Meriden workforce and was disappointed in their response to revitalise the company and its products in 1971.
Despite being let down he believed that the workers at Meriden would support the plans of management once explained sympathetically.
These two years were crucial for the firm's survival. Despite the research indicating their affinity with Triumph it may well be true as Alan Fox has argued that workers do not see themselves tied to the success or failure of the enterprise in which they work. This is contradicted by a Times report that substantiates the view that Triumph workers were not only proud of their motorcycles but had a long-term stake in the company. Workers in response to a question 'how long have you been here?' told the journalist 'I'm a newcomer, I've only been here eight, nine, ten years. Most told me over twenty, thirty or even forty.'
Although Triumph was part of the industrial scene in Coventry the low labour turnover was in marked contrast to the high turnover experienced in the nearby car plants.
One of the key features of Meriden was the preponderance of family groups working within the plant which had been fostered to meet the demands of the tight Coventry labour market during the 1950s and 1960s.
The motorcycle industry and the Meriden story are inextricably bound up with government and its transition from a hands off approach to an interventionist stance and then its reverse.
Until the 1970s, despite being a major dollar export earner, it was never considered an important component of Britain's manufacturing structure.
Only when BSA was on the verge of collapse in 1973 did the Conservative government intervene. In a controversial move the government brokered the NVT deal with the injection of £4.8 million for shares in the new company and MBH purchased all the non-motorcycle assets of BSA for £3.5 million.
One critic, Jock Bruce- Gardyne argued that this was purely a two year holding operation rather than a long term survival plan for the industry.
The Department of Industry, after the 1972 Industry Act, became more interventionist and the policy continued after Labour came to office in 1974 until 1979. However, government policy was applied inconsistently.
Under the direction of Tony Benn there was a twin track approach to the industry. The first was emphasised by Benn in terms of his overall objectives for greater public ownership including the motorcycle industry. The second was greater industrial democracy to which Benn was heavily committed and the workers at Meriden were the vanguard for this policy.
The phenomenon of the anti-redundancy co-operative was not unique to Britain but the sponsorship by the state was, and this is attributed to the determination of Tony Benn. When Eric Varley replaced Benn the policy reverted to the pre-1974 corporatist model of intervention. Yet the Treasury had consistently throughout applied a non-interventionist stance in the application of valuable ECGD export credits and was the instigator of the final collapse of NVT.
Motorcycle Imports and Exports for the United Kingdom (Over 100cc)
Exports Imports
1972 43,877 49,984
1973 41,091 59,585
Source: Motor Cycle Association.
The alternative to retaining a motorcycle industry in the form of the Meriden 'experiment' would have been for the government to have fully funded NVT.
The evidence would appear to suggest that Poore, despite his public statements supporting a revitalised industry, had no definitive plan to turnaround the business.
NVT argued that a two factory industry was the only alternative and chose Meriden as the one to close despite plans for increased output.
Before the collapse of BSA, a firm of consultants had recommended the closure of Small Heath a Victorian inner city factory considered 'out of date'.
Dennis Poore denied that he was aware of the report and argued that expanded production at Small Heath was possible because it had additional space.
In contrast, the Meriden plant was the only purpose built motorcycle factory in Britain and was already working at undercapacity.
The shop stewards at Meriden believed that Poore had interests in property development and that it was designated for closure because it was valuable housing development land. (The Factory site is now a housing estate)!
The motorcycle industry 'was beyond saving by 1974' but the Meriden cooperative was 'doomed from the date on which…it was so unthinkingly launched.'
This essay has reviewed some of the general literature surrounding the poor British manufacturing performance and concurs that only a vast effort beyond the political will or circumstances of the time could have rescued the motorcycle industry.
For the Meriden Co-operative the upheaval within the industry could not have happened at a worse time. Sales were totally dependent upon the North American market and due to the oil crisis of 1973, the market for motorcycles suddenly soared and manufacturers in particular increased production. By the middle of 1974 it became apparent that this was a 'blip', the US market had not increased but declined. Japanese manufacturers like Honda with a massive stockpile of machines, equivalent to one year's production, reacted by slashing prices and increased their share of the US market.
The Meriden Co-operative continued trading until 1983. However, by 1979 the difficulties were of such magnitude that the Managing Director, Geoffrey Robinson MP had to advise the trade unions that redundancies were
Unlike the rosy picture painted by supporters of the Co-operative, Robinson was blunt in his description of the financial crisis that had been inherent from the beginning.
The first was the company gearing that made it 'wholly unrealistic from the start…to service the government loan.'
The second was the control over marketing and sales but held by NVT until May 1977 when the Co-operative was able to buy the rights.
Finally, attempts to recover the North American market were dealt a blow due to the twenty one per cent revaluation of sterling.
'Ever since it started up in business in March 1975 Meriden had been producing more bikes than it sold…furthermore the motorcycles had been sold at a loss.'
Chris Hemming Labour Party History.org
The Policy of the Japanese manufacturers and their eventual dominance had begun immediately after the war. Initial production was of small inexpensive machines for the home market, as cheap transport. Foreign designs of larger machines were studied and copied but sold poorly. (Refer to the Rikuo and the Meguro/Kawasaki W650 Commander).
Initial marketing and sales in the US by the Japanese concentrated on small capacity machines, promoting them to a new 'Non Motorcycling' public as inexpensive transport and leisure machines. Once the Japanese products and brands had become known, increased capacity and technological advances were introduced.
All the Japanese manufacturers were rapidly developing their manufacturing plants, processes and designs, I have restored both Japanese and British machines from the same period and it is amazing to see the differences in technology. 1969 was a watershed year with the introduction of the revolutionary 'Honda Four' the rest is history ….
For more information on the Demise of the British Motorcycle History refer to both Bert Hopwood's 'Whatever Happened to the British Motorcycle Industry' and
Steve Koerner's recent book 'The Strange Death of the British Motorcycle Industry'
Another excellent book with details of life at the factory is Neale Shiltons 'A Million Miles Ago' by Haynes ISBN 0-85429-313-2
The Triumph Factory Records
The Triumph Factory records are held by the VMCC at their Library in Burton on Trent, a microfilm copy is held by the Triumph Owners Club and administered by Richard Wheadon. John Nelson also has an extensive archive of factory material including Technical Bulletins, Modification Records and Factory photographs.
The Surviving Triumph Factory records contain some 200 books covering the entire production period of Triumph Meriden from 1942 until approximately 1983.
Earlier archive material was lost in the Coventry Blitz when the old factory was destroyed.
The records are divided into Models, Engine Records, Production Records and Dispatch Books.
The Engine Record books show the engine and gearbox specification applied to each engine and also record the changes to specification applied to all subsequent machines at a particular number, the record is in pencil and not easy to decipher, though the notes in the back are fascinating and were definitely written on the production line at the time. The engine record goes into some detail as to the various gearbox ratios and alternator variations used during production. The corresponding machine build book is less through and only gives the model codes without detail, it is interesting then tracing the final destination of certain machines but certainly not as cut and dried as I thought. It has shown me how very difficult it is to identify the specification applied to particular machines, assuming that a machine sent to Eastern USA is to one specification is incorrect, I have identified many anomalies.
The Production records show the model of each machine made, its date of manufacture, and the order number it relates to and some of the options fitted. It is possible to identify machines made to the same order though these can be separated by several others Machines though recorded in sequential order would not have been completed as such and can be occasionally be separated by several days!
The dispatch books show the order number, invoice and destination of each machine.
Most machines are dispatched complete, Some (very few) machines were supplied completely dismantled and shown in the records as CKD (completely knocked down) this was to avoid local import duties on complete machines and to utilise local labour.
I am researching the method of dispatching machines and the shipping agents used. I believe shipping manifests may still exist. I have seen one photograph showing the Ellerman City Line, City of Coventry being loaded with Triumph Crates, these feature the queens award to Industry Badge which dates the picture to 1967 or 1968 but where were they bound!
From the records Tiger 90's were not marketed in the USA, verified by the 1963 USA brochure, which does not show the model and only 36 of all years were supplied to Johnson Motors (California) none to Tri-Cor.
3TA's and 5TA's were sold in the USA but the numbers are actually quite low. I hope to quantify the details in the future.
My research is continuing into the exported machines such as the TR5AC, their destinations and variations in specification.
I am aware of surviving 'C' Range machines in Spain, Tenerife, New Zealand, Guam, Canada, Pakistan, Singapore and also machines from Burma, Ghana and Taiwan now in the UK.
Dating Your Triumph
The VMCC are able to provide a comprehensive Research, Dating and Registration Service for most makes of motorcycle from 1900 onwards.
Certified Copies of the Factory Records for Ariel, BSA, Triumph and Norton are available either for personal use, display or for use in obtaining a Registration Number
In addition the VMCC are in contact with numerous model experts and one make clubs throughout the world.
Contact us at the VMCC Library if you have recently purchased, are about to restore or have imported any machine.
Use this this link. email@example.com or call 01283 540557
Many UK owners assume that the registration number dates the bike …. WRONG!
It is important to understand that many machines were not registered until they were sold; which could take anything up to 2 years or even later.
Other machines made early in the production year (September) and sold quickly will appear to have incorrect registrations until you understand that before 1967 registrations ran January to December (It is more complicated than this, contact me for advice).
Most machines leave the factory soon after assembly, a few machines were stored at the factory and the dispatch date can be several months after machine assembly.
Press and Display machines are frequently not recorded in the dispatch book or are sent to select dealers up to two years later…
A few machines such as the pre-production Tiger 90 and 100A were converted from other models and others machines were supplied for conversion to race machines and special duties; you may unwittingly and happily have a particularly historic machine. I can guide and help you to check the history of any classic Triumph.
'C' Range Engine Number Series
1957 H1 to H760
1958 H761 to H5480
1959 H5481 to H11511
1960 H11512 to H18611
1961 H18612 to H25251
1962 H25252 to H29732
1963 H29733 to H32464
1964 H32465 to H35986
1965 H35987 to H40527
1966 H40528 to H48728
1967 H48729 to H57082
1968 H57083 to H65572
1969 H65573 to H67331 Now stamped over a series of Triumph motifs.
After 1969 the engine numbering system changes to a mixture of letters and numbers indicating month and year of manufacture.
There were Factory errors at times and the chart below is only a guide to the letter codes.
The numbering is still sequential but shared between the various models and sizes of Twins so that the different ranges are now combined under a
common system. As usual, production for the next year begins in September/October
Note that the late Triumph unit Singles and Triples are manufactured by BSA and appear in the BSA Factory Records.
The Engine/Frame numbers above, denoting the start and end of annual production are based on the numbers quoted in many sources, these are derived from the factory records and parts books, information supplied by John Nelson confirms these numbers. But the end of one years production and the beginning of the next is not set in stone and machines made close to the change over period need to be checked carefully. I have come to the conclusion that the Engine/Frame number should be used with care and as a guide to year specification.
The Engine number followed by the Frame number should be your main point of reference for dating the machine. The Engine number was stamped first and the Frame stamped with the same number as the machine neared completion. Complete standard machines at no time left the factory with differing numbers! The Engine number is stamped in two operations; the model code (T90 etc); is usually (Not Always True) made by a single stamping and the figures should be neatly aligned and even. The H numbers are individually stamped and therefore variable to a degree. Look closely at the style of the lettering it is very distinctive! With some expertise it is possible to date the engine from the style of the stamping used. I can supply engine number photographs to show you the style used for several periods of production.
Engine numbers finishing with a W indicate that this is from a radio-equipped machine.
After 1968 when Triumph changed the system to include date codes the lettering style changes slightly and the stampings are over a background making erasing the stampings more difficult.
I am collating a series of engine and frame number photographs covering the period from 1950 to 1970 so that in the future it will be possible to confirm
the originality of a 'Stamping' against other examples from the same day/batch, this is already identifying 'Worrying' numbers….
In order to save yourself a lot of grief, before committing to purchase a machine I recommend contacting us at the VMCC with details of the Engine and Frame number.
There are some particularly good fakes out there especially for the more collectable models.
Look for the casting date marks, these small circular marks (the size of button) usually show a two figure Year code i.e. 63 which is surrounded by a series of raised lines to indicate the month. You will find casting date marks on the crankcase halves, visible just behind the clutch and exhaust timing pinion, on the larger triumphs there is a date mark within the inlet rocker housing (But not on the 'C' range machines) Crankcases are additionally marked as a pair with numbers on the lower engine mounting if these are not matched then it is likely that one half has been changed during the life of the machine. I am investigating further marks on crankcases, cylinder heads and crankshafts.
The crankcase (Casting) pattern was made up of a number of interlocking parts, allowing one part of the crankcase to be changed without affecting the remainder. I have been able to identify some of the detail differences applied over the years to the 'C' range Crankcase, these include the area of the rev counter drive, tdc point, relief valve and later breather arrangement. Contact me for advice.
The engine and frame numbers can only be a guide to year specification, As the machines were made in batches separated by other models there are often subtle variations in specification from one batch of the same model to another where later specification parts have been used as they have become available. It is important to understand that different finishes and parts apply to export models and changes were also made during the year, as part of a warranty claim (1963 Tanks) or by the dealer to shift old stock or at the request of the owner before acceptance. Many anecdotes indicate that if parts were not available on the production line alternative items were then fitted. My discussion with John Nelson has indicated that this DID NOT happen as sufficient parts were prepared to complete each batch of machines.
If your machine appears to be unusual than it is because it has been changed during its lifetime or is from a particularly batch.
The production of the original parts books uses a particularly interesting process. Large 'Master' Technical Drawings (A3 Size) are made representing each page of the parts book so that all components are accurately portrayed. Small parts are drawn 'Life Size'. The Drawings are then photographed and reduced to the size corresponding to the parts book pages.
Each year, rather than re-drawing the pages completely, new parts are drawn separately and 'Stuck' onto the 'Master' or sections of each component are carefully pasted over and re-drawn. Photographs are then taken and reduced as before.
You will see that pages of the parts books from one year to the next are almost identical except for where components have been added or parts re-drawn.
Some parts illustrated do not change to represent what the later parts actually looks like and care needs to be taken.
It is more useful to note the change in Part Number as this will mean a new design of part has been used, even if the Image is unchanged. For an example look at the fork shroud part number between Parts Book 5 and 7.
Additionally Dealers especially in the USA would be provided with a Bulletin detailing those parts applicable to or omitted from US Models, I have several of these important documents in my archive and can guide you.
All period Lucas equipment will show a date mark in addition to the part number ie 265 for Feb 1965 Look for these on Horns, Coils, Alternators, switches etc. I have collected the period Lucas Catalogues from 1963 to 1968 and can advise on the equipment fitted each year and provide scanned copies if you require them.
The VMCC in their library have very useful bound copies of the Lucas Brochures for most UK Manufactures, contact the VMCC for help.
The DVLA (UK only) are obliged to provide you with information they hold on a vehicle you own, you will need form V888, (available to download), there is a small fee (£ 5) for the process. This process is worthwhile pursuing to research the history and ownership of your machine.
The old logbook copies (if they exist) will also show the original colour scheme and any changes made during the life of the machine affecting taxation class.
The DVLA Website www.direct.gov.uk can also be helpful to identify if a registration is current and this can be correlated with the registrations for the county/area to verify a machines identity. Local Records sometimes still exist which can also lead to interesting facts.
(UK Bikes) Occasionally machines lose their original registrations, it is possible to recover these as long as the registration is available and you have sufficient documentary evidence to present a case. Sometimes Registrations can also be traced from the factory records. Richard Wheadon, the Registrar of the Triumph Owners Club is an expert in this field and can conduct research on your behalf, contact him at mailto:email@example.com he will require a photograph or rubbing your engine and frame numbers.
He can also assist in the dating and verification of any model of post war Triumph.
The registration system used in the UK (60's) typically uses the last two letters to identify the County or City the vehicle is registered in, with each County or City allocated several pairs of letters.
i.e Cornwall uses AF, CV, and RL, at the beginning of each series you would have AAF, ACV, ARL with numbers 1 to 999 being allocated firstly to AAF then ACV and lastly ARL, then you start again with BAF, BCV and BRL then CAF, CCV and CRL etc.
Each cycle for a three pair County or Town will give 3000 registrations (All Vehicles). The Warwickshire records for 1964 show some 2000 registrations a month !
Things get a bit more complicated with the introduction of the 'A' Suffix in 1963 as not all counties or areas use these if there are sufficient 'Old' Numbers to use up.
If the suffix does start to be used the system starts with A for example AAF1A then AAF2A until you reach AAF999A, hopefully you are still with me at this point.
Now stuff really does get complicated …. It is possible to place registrations in date order not just by the suffix but also by the first letter as we know that they are part of a series, you can be confident that FRL123D follows CRL123D.
Unfortunately as each Registration office worked in splendid isolation some would use up their Series faster than others so that the first letter for one County does not match the next County or any other and the dates when a new series begins can only be determined by looking at the original records if they survive.
Additionally larger garages, manufacturers or dealers would be allocated a batch of registrations to use as required only completing the record once the registration had been fitted to a vehicle, in the records I have seen there can be several weeks between one registration date and the next even though the numbers are sequential!
The Registration Records (If they survive) are held by the various County Record Offices, from my research I have noticed that the records do not follow a standardised form and some records do not record the Engine/Chassis Number making correlating information with the factory records more difficult.
Researching registrations can be fascinating and you may find a trip to your local record office rewarding.
The VMCC in their Archive have a very useful file (Glasses Guide) containing the date periods for all UK registrations, this can help to narrow down a registration to within a few weeks, the Library will also be able to advise if original registration records still survive for any given area.
Optional parts abound on Triumphs both factory supplied parts or from many other proprietary suppliers. The Triumph factory records now held by the VMCC and Triumph OC are helpful in identifying an individual machines manufacture date, dealer destination and optional extras factory fitted. I have detailed the advertised optional extras but these may differ from what was available or fitted as standard. I have a parts supplement detailing numerous other optional items for the T90 and T100SS, and also copy of Technical Bulletin No:13 (Prep and Assembly for maximum performance) which goes into some detail the Factory options available.
The Factory also offered a fork-exchange and engine exchange service, which may mean that later components were factory fitted or reconditioned.
My interviews with original owners have shown that machines were often customised and modified as fashion and individual finance dictated. Accidents, age and mechanical failure also take their toll on the original components.
Triumph make models for a number of markets, and home and overseas machines are made on the same track. A difference of only one numeral could separate your model from one built to, say, American specification. Motor Cycle 1965
C Range Triumph Modifications and Improvements
There are a number of modifications that can be done to improve the reliability and performance of the 'C' Range Triumphs without losing the general character of the bike. I have listed the modifications in the order shown as I feel some are more useful than others. I cannot warrant the success or failure of them. All modifications are of course a personal preference and should be done only after some thought as to what you intend to achieve. Care should be taken not to dispose of or damage parts so that the machine cannot be returned to standard in the future.
I must mention John Healy and Don Hutchinson the USA Triumph Experts who assisted me with additional information.
Engine Improvements
Generally the engine is reliable without modification as long as the state of the components such as the main bearings and sludge trap within the crankshaft is known. Weak points are Timing side oil feed on pre 1969 machines which, can be improved by the "Devimead" conversion offered by several companies. Dynamic balancing will smooth the crankshaft vibration inherent to parallel twins.
The T21 has a different crankshaft than all later machines this crankshaft will fit in later cases but the later cases will not fit the early crankshaft. There are subtle crankcase variations year on year. 350 cc engines until 1968 feature steel con rods while 500 cc machines all have RR.56 Hiduminium alloy rods. Later engines (1969) feature Ball bearing timing and roller drive bearings.
Look for the December 1967 Motor Cycle Mechanics as this details a Race Prepared Tiger 90 and the work done. (8500 rpm and 120 MPH).
Converting 3TA and T90 engines to 500cc to improve performance may initially seem relatively easy but involves replacing the pistons, con-rods, barrels, heads, carb and sometimes exhausts. For the 3TA you should first consider fitting sports camshafts, high compression pistons and T90 cylinder heads to improve the performance.
Triumph service bulletin no: 240 gives comprehensive details and parts suitable for converting the 3TA and Tiger 90 to High Performance Specification, contact me for advice.
It is viable for all models to fit lower or higher compression pistons from other machines in the range. Please note there are; many variations of cylinder head/valves/camshafts/gearing and only the correct combinations will improve overall performance. Almost all the camshafts all feature three keys to allow some variation in valve timing.
Barrels in original sizes are becoming rare, together with standard pistons. An option is to have the barrels sleeved to standard and then bored to suit the pistons available. Unfortunately this will often double the cost !
All early models will benefit from replacing the distributor with one of the compact ignition units from Electrexworld, this replaces the Lucas Alternator with an efficient and compact energy transfer unit with additional capacity to provide basic lighting. The unit I have seen is well made and would readily fit any C range model to give an extremely simple and reliable system, especially suited for competition or occasional use machines. www.electrexworld.co.uk
Models fitted with the distributor can be converted to the points in the Timing cover if all the suitable components are obtained. Technical Bulletin 13 details this along with other factory approved modifications.
Lead Free ...You may need to invest in a lead free conversion if you are intending to use the bike regularly. The Tiger 90 and 100ss having high compression ratios benefit from high-octane fuel and so some octane booster added to standard unleaded does improve performance. The original specification does indicate Austinitic Iron Valve Seats but I do not know the reliability of these with modern fuels.
Filtration ... The standard filtration system relies on wire gauzes in both the sump and oil tank, together with the action of the centrifugal sludge trap in the crankshaft. A modern cartridge type filter will greatly improve filtration; increase oil capacity and oil cooling. Anglo Nihon and Paul Goff do a filter kit; this with a suitably shaped bracket or modification can be fitted neatly under the gearbox attached to the frame by the footrest bolt. I have found replacement spin on filters with less depth, which make this mod very discreet. I have in the past seen magnetic sump traps to replace the crankcase drain, alternatively pop a magnet into the oil tank on a length of copper wire so that it can be removed and examined periodically.
For High Performance engines improving oil cooling should be investigated, this could be done discreetly by fitting a small oil cooler across under the engine. Post 66 machines have greater oil tank capacity.
The Morgo big bore oil pump is a direct replacement for the Triumph unit; this is easily fitted once the timing cover has been removed.
The Oil feed to the rockers can be improved by enlarging the centre hole of the rocker shaft so that the flow is not restricted to the ends (beware this is hardened and a pig to drill). Also be aware that over tightening the oil pipe domed nuts can crush the upper copper washer against the bolt therefore restricting flow. I ease the inside of washer with a triangular file. Access to the bolts becomes restricted once the head steady's are located; locktite is advised.
I believe light alloy tappet push rod tubes are available that reduce the oil leaks at the seals. Only regular seal changes here will cure the leak. Triumph tried several tube/seal combinations over the years so were aware of the inherent weakness of the design.
Leaks on the Prototype T100SS were traced by the factory to oil creeping up the four inner cylinder base studs! John Healy (US Triumph Expert) recommends using a sealing compound on the threads. Look Carefully at the studs if they are removed as the ends and thread form may not be the same.
Tappets. Mushroom headed; light alloy Allen-key tappets are sometimes available, these ease tappet adjustment. You will need to remove the rocker boxes to fit these. I have found the light alloy nuts strip easily, but can be replaced without removing the rocker boxes. The Tappet Covers are easily lost, ensure that the retaining clip (fitted from 1963) is actually in contact with the cap and indenting the serrations, examine the cap edge and file to suit.
Late model post 68 rockers can be replaced with the better earlier rockers where oil is directed to the tappets through drillings rather than relying on splash lubrication. Later (1970) rocker spindles have an oil scroll and are suitable for use with the later rockers.
If you are going to use the 1968 parts it is recommended to file (deeper) the oil path indentation on the end and to use an additional thin washer between the rocker and the Thackery spring washer so that the Oil is directed towards the tappets/valves where it is needed.
Push Rods… For performance engines it is recommended to fit larger diameter pushrods, I know this sounds contrary to the usual principle of lightening parts but the standard rod has a tendency to flex preventing the valves opening fully on lift. Standard rods can be lightened by carefully machining the lower end of the Cup.
Images of the Factory Daytona engines show Hollow rods and Lightened Cam Followers!
Daytona Race Machines also feature larger Cam Followers that affect the rate of valve opening but not the Valve Timing.
For maximum engine performance it is vital to Time the Camshafts Correctly using a degree disc.
Rocker Box Gaskets… Metal backed gaskets are available which do not compress like the standard paper versions, it is not recommended to eliminate the gasket as this may lead to the tappet adjustment being reduced or eliminated in addition to the angle of tappets to the valves changing beyond the design limit.
Ensure the hole for the pushrods in each gasket is large enough to prevent the rods rubbing, elongate the holes slightly with a suitable wad punch!
Clutch ... The clutch fitted to the 'C' range is under stressed and reliable if unworn, several changes were made over the years and so clutch hubs and main shafts may not be compatible. The Clutch benefits from careful assembly and a rigid cast domed plate (SRM), sometimes available. Clutch problems are usually the result of wear within the shock absorber and the engagement slots on the clutch hub and basket. Additional problems stem from wear in the release mechanism. Once wear has occurred very little can be done. Replacement is the only solution.
Belt drive clutches are available for all Triumph models and should be considered on cost if your clutch requires replacing.
Gearing ... The majority of machines were supplied with standard ratio gearboxes, some competition models feature either high or low ratio gearboxes depending on their market, these are marked either CR for Close Ratio or WR for Wide Ratio and contain components to suit. I have Triumph Bulletins which detail the supplied ratios and alternate parts available for each model year, contact me for advice.
It is possible to increase the gearing by fitting a larger gearbox sprocket but at some loss of acceleration, Ideally you should increase by two teeth to avoid using a chain with a cranked link. This will mean the gearing will increase by 12%, which will be too high for the smaller engines in standard tune. The post 66 bikes have the removable rear sprocket, which could be increased in size (its too small to decrease the size without the chain fouling the fastenings). Combined with a larger gearbox sprocket this would to give a smaller leap in overall gearing. I have found the standard gearing excellent for general use with only prolonged motorway use exposing the low top gear. Alternative gear ratios were supplied in standard, close or wide ratios but the final gearing is the same. I have copy of a technical bulletin; which details the variations.
Early 3 and 5TA's feature plain bushes on the layshaft, consider replacing these with the needle roller bearings as fitted to the Tiger 90 and Tiger 100.
Gaining access to the gearbox sprocket involves removing both the alternator, primary drive and dismantling the clutch. Six small screws often punched and requiring drilling retain the access plate. Special tools are needed for three/four of the operations.
Engine tools are a sometimes available to loan from the TOMCC Branches but I have identified a number of methods of succeeding without these tools.
For Parts advice I recommend Oliver at Tri-Supply. www.trisupply.co.uk
Improving Electrics
Pre 1966 C Range Triumphs will benefit from changing to a 12 Volt System. This can be achieved in several ways. Either by using the 1966 or later wiring scheme, fitting the Zener diode in a suitable location. A heat sink hidden behind the left hand panel neatly re-creates the 1966 location. The later Finned Zener heat sink is effective it is also highly visible in its location between the forks. For both you can replace the Lucas plate rectifier with a modern encapsulated unit. Ideally you can retain the original rectifier for show using dummy wiring to complete the deception.
The excellent Boyer Bransden Power Box or alternative unit can be fitted; there is sufficient space on the back of the battery carrier for this to fit. I have had great success using the Boyer power box without a battery but it only really suitable for a machine used solely during daylight. With the power box it is possible to simplify the wiring, eliminating the ammeter, fuse, ignition switch, Rectifier and Zener, though you will need to arrange an ignition kill switch. If re-wiring later machines consider dummy wiring the Zener diode and other components to retain the appearance of originality.
A recent development has been the introduction of a new ignition and lighting (Rotor/Stator) kit from www.electrexworld.co.uk. Extremely compact and well made this is an advance on the Boyer Bransden system and would further simplify the ignition and lighting circuitry, where the Boyer Ignition is only suitable for the post 62 points models the Electrexworld kit will fit all models in the range and replaces the distributor, though this could be retained for display purposes. All in all probably the best modern solution especially for machines used only occasionally.
When re-wiring I recommend using modern 2mm cable and running dedicated earth wires to the headlamp, tail lamp, engine and coils. Carefully crimped, soldered and finished with a little heat shrink tubing the standard British bullet connector is reliable, especially if filled with Vaseline or silicone grease before pressing together, the correct tool is essential. Try to keep to the wiring colours used in the appropriate diagram for the year, as this will help you to trace problems you or the next owner may have later. Generally there is a wiring convention for British Machines and you will soon learn the primary colours.
All connections will eventually become loose either due to corrosion, heat or metal fatigue, to minimise these failures plan the wiring carefully to reduce the number of connections to an absolute minimum and arrange the wiring to avoid hot spots and excessive flexing. Think of replacing the bullet connectors after ten years and re-wiring after 20 years.
Pay attention to giving wires additional support or insulation where movement and abrasion occurs, the wiring to the coils can short out on the sharp edges of petrol tank over time.
Any change to 12 Volts will need the Bulbs and Horn replaced. On no account feed the Lucas 6V 8H horn with 12 Volts as this will destroy it, with care and time a non working horn can be dismantled, serviced and revived, Taff The Horn is helpful too, Retain the horn with dummy wiring and place a modern version out of sight under the tank.
Alternator. The Lucas RM19; 3 wire alternator and the wiring scheme are not able to provide sufficient charge when running with the dip beam on continually; as is required by European Legislation, up rated alternators are available (approx £60) to improve the situation, an excellent solution when combined with the Boyer power box. For long daylight runs alternate between running with the lights on and then off in order to let the Zener and battery rest. Monitor the ammeter to judge current flow.
Lighting. Improving the lighting is possible by fitting the halogen conversion from Paul Goff and the LED tail light bulbs. Up rated pilot bulbs (21 watts) are also available. If touring on the continent where daytime lights are mandatory I find the 21 watt Pilot a good option as the bulb is small and easy to carry a spare of.
I have also had success with the Neolite headlamp unit supplied by Hitchcocks, this has an excellent beam pattern and intense light provided by the modern Phillips bulb.
Electronic Ignition. Today there are several solutions available, recent advances in electronics by Electrexworld have made it possible to combine the ignition and lighting units to produce a very compact and neat solution. Their unit replaces the Lucas Alternator and Rotor with a new unit that provides both Sparks and additional power for lighting. It has the advantage of replacing Distributors, Points and Coils making for extremely simple and attractive solution for all models contact Electrexworld at www.electrexworld.co.uk
Fitting the excellent Boyer Bransden Electronic Ignition is recommended. You should already have changed to 12 Volts to get the best from the system and fitting will be easier if you undertake the two jobs at the same time. The control box fits neatly under the tank between the frame tubes, secured with a large cable tie or tape. The connections to the coils can then be kept short while the location keeps the box and connections dry allowing some cooling air to reach the unit. Setting up the ignition can be time consuming but once done is set for life. I use a little smear of silicone on the adjustable plate to fix the location and loctite on the taper and thread of the magnet holder. Problems with movement of the magnet plate are usually the result of a poor interference fit with the exhaust camshaft.
I have found the crimp on bullets supplied with the Boyer ignition kit are distorted by heat and recommend changing these to spade, British bullet or Japanese connectors, soldered in place and carefully insulated. With care it is possible to re-solder the wiring directly to the PCB. Smear silicone on the cover plate flange and fill the wiring entry point to weatherproof everything.
The only fault I have experienced with the Boyer is the unit WILL fail if the battery becomes disconnected or the Zener fails allowing the voltage to rise to exceed the maximum. Regularly check these connections. If the engine stops after a short period of erratic running, the main fuse and ignition box connections are the first things to check. Misfiring at high revs is usually the result of a flat battery. Fitting the power box described above is the best solution.
There is sufficient space within the headlamp shell to carry a complete spare ignition unit.
For Wiring, Tools and components try Vehicle Wiring Products. www.vehicle-wiring-products.eu
Boyer Bransden are at www.boyerbransden.com/index.html
Hitchcocks (Royal Enfield) are at www.hitchcocksmotorcycles.com
Suspension ... Dual or Variable rate fork springs are available (L P Williams) or could be made for you by a spring specialist such as Faulkner Springs www.dfaulknersprings.com . The grade of oil used in the standard pre 68 forks has little effect with no shuttle damping, though Triumph do recommend experimenting with grades. Do not exceed the recommended quantity. The oil has a dual role of lubrication and as a hydraulic stop. It is possible to fit to post 64 machines the shuttle damping fitted as standard on the later machines. The works manual details this modification.
I have data for an alternative spring rate from Tri-Cor Bulletin 65/3 detailing a spring with 17 coils instead of 13, contact me for advice.
It is not necessary to have the special fork assembly tool, I use a suitably sized jubilee clip to grip the stancion while compressing the spring and then fit the complete unit. The Jubilee clip can then be removed allowing the spring to extend to its normal position. A suitable 'C' spanner tool is required to remove tighten the chromed oil seal spring/holder. A workable clamp can be made using a block of wood and a suitable sized hole saw.
Fork Judder if present will be caused by worn sintered bronze bushes, replace these as a matter of course.
The rear shocks were factory fitted with 145lb Springs, these are suitable for pillion passengers, changing to 90lb Springs as indicated in the Performance Bulletin will improve the handling for solo riding/racing.
Frame ... The pre 67 C Range Frame has several issues, all early bikes benefit from the 65 frame brace and tank if these can be sourced, or welding in a brace as in 1966, all the bikes up to 67 have a tendency to shimmy when cornering especially when not on the throttle. This is because of the lack of support for the swing arm. I have seen two early Tiger 90's modified to the 67 swing arm arrangement by having additional plates welded to the frame with later swing arm parts. This is a serious conversion which will be difficult to do well and difficult to undo later. Please don't do this if the bike is in good condition buy a post 1968 bike instead where its all been sorted for you.
Tyres ... Unfortunately there is little Tyre choice in the 18 inch size (3.25 - 3.5) I have happily used Dunlop K82's for several years. Replace any Tyre you suspect to be over 10 years old or obviously cracked, your life is at stake! Always assess the rim for corrosion inside, check the spoke locations before fitting a new tyre and use a new tape. Discard any tube that has been repaired, I don't want to experience a blow out at any speed! I have found Michelin tubes if available hold their air better than other makes. The factory recommended carefully balancing wheels for high-speed work.
Bearings ... Sealed bearings are usually available to replace the open wheel bearings, A good bearing supplier will be able to advise if you can provide a sample. It is a good idea to have suitable drifts made to drive the bearings in squarely and without damage. I pop the bearings in the freezer overnight and heat the hub with a hot air gun to ease fitting. Bearing Locktite is a good idea if you suspect there has been a problem.
Early C Range machines can be fitted with the fully floating brake shoes, part numbers W1406 and W1407. Look carefully at the floating shoe slipper as this often becomes indented and ineffective. A common modification is to fit the twin leading shoe brake from the later bikes, this will greatly improve performance but at the loss of originality. It should be possible to modify the standard plate to twin leading design internally as there is room within the hub. This could be done on a spare plate and its components without committing.
The standard brake is quite adequate for normal classic use if serviced and set up properly. Have the drum skimmed, the linings replaced with modern compound and then machined to fit. Ask to have the linings biased to improve the servo action and ensure the linings are chamfered on the leading and trailing edges. Check the springs are in good condition and that the surface of the drum is not contaminated with grease or oil.
After assembly, loosen the fixed anchor point and the spindle nut, apply the brake hard and while maintaining pressure tighten the spindle nut and then the anchor. This procedure will position the shoes at the optimum position. The hole in the brake plate for the fulcrum can be carefully elongated with a file to increase the amount of adjustment available. This mod was done by Johnny Giles to improve the brake performance on his ISDT machine.
Try to ensure the operating arm is at right angles to the cable when the brake is applied and the handlebar lever is not flexing on the bar.
This will all help to maximise the performance of the standard unit, but even I admit that at speeds above 60 mph it can get a bit exciting!
A commonly seen improvement is to source a later brake, either the 8 inch unit from the 'B' range machines or the Twin Leading Shoe Brake from 1969. Both will greatly improve performance but at the loss of originality.
New replacement units in both monoblock and concentric styles are available from various sources. Plunger choke versions are available by request. Better still is to renew the jets and internals of the original carb. Look up the manual to find the size and jet requirements you need. Please don't throw the original carb away as these are very difficult to find. Clean it and pack it away in an air-tight container. Worn units can be re-sleeved and reconditioned to keep the authenticity.
Contact Hitchcocks Royal Enfield for Amal Carb Spares. www.hitchcocksmotorcycles.com
The details in my website will help you to verify the date and correct specification for each year, whether you are looking to buy or already own one of these classic Triumphs.
You need to be aware that very few machines will be completely original and well documented. Often later or pattern parts will have been used to replace damaged or worn items and it then becomes difficult to recognise the remaining original pieces.
From my experience there are very few really good bikes out there, you will need perseverance and patience to find a good example of the model you are after. Most T90's and T100's were originally bought by owners in their teens or 20's and then rapidly modified, thrashed and crashed.
A machine you examine needs to be looked at carefully and sympathetically, I look to find what is original rather than what has been lost or modified. Even when modifying / improving my own bikes I always retain the original parts if possible so that these can be restored and refitted later if required. A riding machine differs from a show machine in that it is important to concentrate on safety and reliability over originality.
Performance wise with both the Tiger 90 and 100 you can expect to keep up with modern traffic and surprise a few, many owners initially don't appreciate that you need to use the revs, at least 6000 for brisk progress. With standard gearing you can expect 85 mph (T90) in good conditions; keep to 50 mph and you can expect 90 mpg and a relaxing ride. Surprisingly all of the range can make good touring machines as the seating position with original bars is excellent and the tank range good.
T90 and T100 models were successful in the ISDT and are quite capable off road, even more capable are the T100C versions.
With some work you can really improve the performance, see Motorcycle Mechanics December 1967 and the Daytona Articles in The Motor Cycle May 67.
With low seat height, flexible engine performance and ready availability of spares the 'C' Range machines make good learner or first "Classic" bikes.
Parts back up is excellent especially for consumables. Because of the shared components any 'C' Range parts will readily fit other models in the range. Some parts from the Other Ranges will also be suitable.
For Restorers… some original parts for are especially difficult to find, Bathtubs for early machines and Bikinis, exhausts and silencers for 1962-1963 bikes. Original pistons, steering stop nuts, small bore exhausts, brake clips, fork shrouds, horns (VMCC sell a poor replica 8H), working 19/10 speedo drives, correct petrol tanks (Six versions!) and oil tanks (Five versions!), genuine mudguards, tool boxes, trays and other sundry items. Parts can be difficult to identify for originality, mudguards especially as there seem to be many subtle variations. I have also seen various forms of knee grips, headlamps, control levers and rear number plates which all add to the confusion and which slowly I am seeking to clarify. Pattern parts appear both good and poor quality, sometimes for only short production runs followed by years of drought! I am happy to provide photographs of parts to assist you in your search.
Over the period of production all Triumphs were gradually improved, the later bikes have better overall performance and represent the best combination of modernity and handling. 60's Triumphs are generally reliable and have few shortcomings, electrics, oil filtration and brakes are the weak points and once addressed the bike should provide years of trouble free enjoyment, provided care is taken not to overstress engines with motorway speeds or lack of servicing! A Classic Triumph is easily serviced at home once a few particular tools, books and techniques are obtained. If in doubt seek advice.
Value is a difficult thing to calculate and will vary with the economic climate and location obviously machines in excellent original or correctly restored with a well-documented or proven history will command the best price. Engine and Frame numbers should match! Pay special attention to the look of the stamping as I have seen these changed! Early machines are more collectable and valuable, later ones more saleable and rideable. Please bear in mind with these smaller motorcycles that the restoration costs will quickly overtake the final value of the machine.
When examining a machine with a view to purchase look carefully for accident damage to the handlebar, frame and forks, often the headlamp, shrouds and rear grab rail will show accident damage or have been replaced, possibly with later parts. Examine wheels for corrosion, damage and worn bearings and carefully assess the swing arm bushes, these are difficult to replace (Motorcycle Mechanics December 1967). Look to see how much wear there is on the rear sprocket as on pre 66 machines this is integral with the drum and difficult to renovate.
A beautifully painted machine will always be worth less if the colour scheme is wrong but original finishes should be assessed; carefully photographed and preserved.
I have seen several 3TA's converted to look like Tiger 90's (a pity as the late 3TA is rare) and a number of bikes converted to 500cc or later specification swing arm/frame these changes will affect the value of the machine especially if the original parts have been lost.
I have over the years at auto-jumbles and swap meets, seen Frames and crankcases together with associated items; my information should help in dating and identifying parts.
I am happy to provide additional information or detail photographs from my growing collection if you are having particular difficulty.
Factory Colour Schemes 1957-1972
The colour schemes detailed below are taken from Official Factory Sources, please note that they apply to standard models, Home and Export. It does not cover the various Military, Police and any machines specially ordered, these can and do differ from standard.
Additionally I have come across inaccuracies in the Brochures and Publicity material and over the intervening years numerous myths have arisen…..
Common mistakes I see regularly are, Black Cylinder Fins, Black front hubs on post 62 machines, Incorrect Colours and Design for the Year, let's get it right people!
If you don't believe me look at the road test pictures and see for yourself or contact one of the experts detailed below…
Note that all the pinstriping and decals were applied by hand and therefore there are variations in widths and positions, I recommend studying original finishes carefully, taking photographs measurements and notes, I am collecting photographs of original finishes to assist restorers in the future.
Some original finishes shown in period advertisements especially in the USA are very unusual and may not represent actual production machines.
For detailed paint advice for all Triumph models I strongly recommend you approach John Chritchlow at www.msmotorcyclesuk.com He is the recognised Triumph Paint expert and can supply the correct shades, scheme diagrams and instructions.
In the USA you need to contact Don Hutchinson at www.hutchinsoncycle.com, he is the recognised expert in the USA on Triumph Paint and based near Boston MA
"The factory had solid paint mask templates a bit like a chef's serving lid tray with a handle on top. This fitted perfectly over the tanks so every paint job should be identical. I saw these for myself when I went around the factory in about 1975 (co-op then)".Barry Candy
T21 Model Crystal Grey Frame and Cycle Parts up to H101
T21 Model from H102 Shell Blue Sheen Frame and Cycle Parts
T21 Model from H288 Shell Blue Sheen Cycle Parts, Black Frame
3TA Model Shell Blue Sheen Cycle Parts, Black Frame
5TA Model Amaranth Red Frame and Cycle Parts
3TA Model Shell Blue Sheen Cycle Parts, Black Frame
5TA Model Amaranth Red Frame and Cycle Parts
3TA Model Shell Blue Sheen Cycle Parts, Black Frame
5TA Model Ruby Red Frame and Cycle Parts, Black Cylinder Fins
T100A Model Gloss Black over Ivory White, Black Frame
3TA Model Shell Blue Sheen Cycle Parts, Black Frame
5TA Model Ruby Red Frame and Cycle Parts, Black Cylinder Fins
T100A Model Gloss Black Over Silver Sheen, Black Frame
3TA Model Shell Blue Sheen Cycle Parts, Black Frame
5TA Model Ruby Red Frame and Cycle Parts, Black Cylinder Fins
T100SS Model Kingfisher Blue over Silver Sheen, Black Frame and Forks
3TA Model Shell Blue Sheen, Black Frame or Silver Beige, Black Frame
T90 Model Alaskan White Overall, Black Frame and Forks
5TA Model Ruby Red Cycle Parts, Black Frame
T100 Models Regal Purple over Silver Sheen, Black Frame
3TA Model Silver Beige, Black Frame
T90 Model Gold over Alaskan White, Possible Blue Lining, Black Frame and Forks
5TA Model Black over Silver Sheen, Black Frame, Black Cylinder Fins
T100 Models Hi Fi Scarlet over Silver Sheen, Gold Lining, Black Frame and Forks
3TA Model Silver Beige, Black Frame
5TA Model Goss Black over Silver Sheen, Black Frame, Black Cylinder Fins
T90 Model Pacific Blue over Silver Sheen, Gold Lining, Black Frame and Forks
T100 Models Gold over Alaskan White, Blue Lining, Black Frame and Forks
3TA Model Pacific Blue over Alaskan White, Black Frame
5TA Model Black over Silver Sheen, Black Frame, Black Cylinder Fins
T90 Model Grenadier Red over Alaskan White, Black Frame and Forks
T100 Models Sherborne Green over Alaskan White, Black Frame and Forks
T90 Model Hi fi Scarlet over Alaskan White, Black Frame and Forks
T100 Models Pacific Blue over Alaskan White, Black frame and Forks
T90 Police Models. UK Models, Either Overall Black or Overall White depending on the customer
T90 Model Riviera Blue over Silver Sheen, Gold Lining, Black Frame and Forks
T100 Models Aquamarine over Silver Sheen, White Lining, Black Frame and Forks
T100 Models Lincoln Green over Silver, Black Frame and Forks
T100 Models Jacaranda purple over Silver sheen, Black Frame and Forks
T100 Models Olympic Flame over Black, Black Frame and Forks
T100 Model Cherry over Cold White, Black Frame and Forks
Parts and Services
Obtaining general service spares for the 'C' Range Machines is relatively easy as there are many parts suppliers especially in the UK and the USA
UK suppliers for parts include Tri-Supply, Tri Cor and Ace Classics, all dedicated specialists with a wealth of knowledge and experience.
www.trisupply.co.uk. www.tri-corengland.com. www.aceclassics.co.uk.
In the USA try Klempf's British Parts www.klempfsbritishparts.com,
Classic British Spares at www.classicbritishspares.com
Don Hutchinson at www.hutchinsoncycle.com
For Original Parts and Spares Contact Ray Spevak who sells on EBAY
Ebay and similar sites are valuable sources for components and parts as long as you are confident that the item is from the period you require.
For interest have a look at the various olx sites which cover classifieds in Pakistan, Dubai, South Africa and South America.
For Engine Re-Build advice in the UK contact Philip Clarke at email@example.com
He offers a Triumph re-build service advertised on EBAY and in Old Bike Mart.
Many general motor engineers will have the tools and skills to assist but may not have the necessary experience with Triumph Engines that Philip has……
General parts dealers will be able to provide consumables, such as Plugs, Tools, Air filters, Oil etc.
Hitchcocks www.hitchcocksmotorcycles.com (Royal Enfield), their catalogue is inspirational and well worth obtaining especially for tools, lighting and Carb parts.
Chris Knight www.chris-knight-mcs.co.uk.
If you have identified the original dealer it is possible to obtain faithful copies of the dealer decal from Val Emery who specialises in them. Have a look at his interesting site at www.dealerdecals.co.uk
For Wiring, connectors and associated items I can recommend the excellent Vehicle Wiring Products Ltd at www.vehicle-wiring-products.eu, Order their catalogue as you will find it useful.
About Me
My aim is to encourage, educate, provide accurate restoration information and bring together owners from around the country and across the world so that we can share knowledge and enhance the enjoyment and ease the ownership of these attractive, sometimes rare, overlooked Triumphs.
I volunteer daily at the VMCC Library where I am continuing to Research Triumphs and working with the Factory Records and other material to put together the most comprehensive data on Triumphs that you will find anywhere, contact me through the VMCC if you need any help.
I own both 1965 and 1966 Tiger 90's and have restored a number of differing machines, I try to attend at a number of UK shows especially Stafford (April), either on my own account or with my friends in the Triumph Owners Club and VMCC, I am always happy to meet and chat with current owners and prospective buyers. Just ask for the Tiger 90 man!
I tour and commute on my 1966 Tiger 90 and have been to France, Spain, Switzerland, Ireland and California on it not to mention several far flung parts of the UK.
I hope that you found my information useful and informative and look forward to meeting and remaining in contact with you and your Triumph.
Justin Harvey-James, Oxford, The Tiger Man at www.triumph-tiger-90.com & www.triumph-tiger-100.com
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