text:
|Birth Date:
|Laguna Niguel, CA
|Asst. Coach (4th season)
Risto Marttinen returns for his ninth season with the Titans'
program, now in his fourth year as a full-time assistant coach.
Marttinen served as a volunteer assistant coach in 2006-07 and
previously was a five-year member of the Titans' program. He was
practically a "playing-coach" in his senior season as his
leadership skills emerged.
He compiled an overall record of 21-13 in 2005-06 to finish with
a career mark of 53-65, mostly at 165 pounds. He was Cal State
Fullerton's male scholar-athlete of the year for 2005. He was the
Titans' academic wrestler of the year five times and earned Pac-10
academic honors four times.
Marttinen has competed for a spot on the national team of his
native Finland. He is a graduate of Dana Hills High School where he
was South Coast League MVP his senior year with a 52-6 record.


text:
I still hate T20, the whole brashness, lack of charm and subtlety means that it will never win over my heart. If cricket needs dancing girls for it to be a valid form of entertainment, then it is no game of mine..
BUT, I've been so glad to watch a decent spectacle put on by the ICC.. Some good games of cricket were played, and it was genuinely nice to see some non cricket fans become interested and develop loyalties with certain players and teams. It was hard not to be moved by the Indians, Pakistanis and Zimbabweans in these last couple of weeks. SA put on a show it should be proud of.. And if we have to put up with this T20 beast now, let it be for the good of the game as a whole, and with some more games like that final, please

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Note to Self #5
Never use misguided optimism when parking a minivan.
For example, "I probably won't fit, but maybe I'm wrong!" can end up looking like this ...
Apparently, the laws of physics don't care if you're late picking up someone from the airport.
(Again, reeeeeeeeeally sorry Honey!)
Notice the super awesome job I did getting TWO body parts instead of just one?
Even the police officer who filled out the damage report was impressed.
"Go big or go home," right?
How about, "Just go early you nimrod so you can take your time finding a bigger parking spot ... "


text:
Panchatantrapanchatantra stories, panchatantra.kar.nic.in
The Panchatantra IAST: Pañcatantra, Sanskrit: पञ्चतन्त्र, 'Five Devices' is an ancient Indian collection of interrelated animal fables in verse and prose, arranged within a frame story The original Sanskrit work, which some scholars believe was composed around the 3rd century BCE,1 is attributed to Vishnu Sharma It is based on older oral traditions, including "animal fables that are as old as we are able to imagine"2
It is "certainly the most frequently translated literary product of India",3 and these stories are among the most widely known in the world4 To quote Edgerton 1924:5
there are recorded over two hundred different versions known to exist in more than fifty languages, and three-quarters of these languages are extra-Indian As early as the eleventh century this work reached Europe, and before 1600 it existed in Greek, Latin, Spanish, Italian, German, English, Old Slavonic, Czech, and perhaps other Slavonic languages Its range has extended from Java to Iceland In India, it has been worked over and over again, expanded, abstracted, turned into verse, retold in prose, translated into medieval and modern vernaculars, and retranslated into Sanskrit And most of the stories contained in it have "gone down" into the folklore of the story-loving Hindus, whence they reappear in the collections of oral tales gathered by modern students of folk-stories
Thus it goes by many names in many cultures In India, it had at least 25 recensions, including the Sanskrit Tantrākhyāyikā6 Sanskrit: तन्त्राख्यायिका and inspired the Hitopadesha It was translated into Middle Persian in 570 CE by Borzūya This became the basis for a Syriac translation as Kalilag and Damnag7 and a translation into Arabic in 750 CE by Persian scholar Abdullah Ibn al-Muqaffa as Kalīlah wa Dimnah8 Arabic: كليلة ودمنة A New Persian version by Rudaki in the 12th century became known as Kalīleh o Demneh9 Persian: کلیله و دمنه and this was the basis of Kashefi's 15th century Anvār-i Suhaylī or Anvār-e Soheylī10 Persian: انوار سهیلی, 'The Lights of Canopus' The book in different form is also known as The Fables of Bidpai1112 or Pilpai, in various European languages or The Morall Philosophie of Doni English, 1570
- 1 Content
- 11 Original Indian version
- 12 Mid Persian and Arabic versions
- 2 Links with other fables
- 3 Origins and function
- 4 Cross-cultural migrations
- 41 Early cross-cultural migrations
- 42 How Borzuy brought the work from India
- 43 The Arabic classic by Ibn al-Muqaffa
- 44 Spread to the rest of Europe
- 5 Modern era
- 6 See also
- 7 Notes
- 8 Editions and translations
- 81 Sanskrit texts
- 82 Translations in English
- 9 Further reading
- 10 External links
ContenteditFor lists of stories in the Panchatantra, see List of Panchatantra Stories
The Panchatantra is a series of inter-woven fables, many of which involve animals exhibiting animal stereotypes13 According to its own narrative, it illustrates, for the benefit of three ignorant princes, the central Hindu principles of nīti14 While nīti is hard to translate, it roughly means prudent worldly conduct, or "the wise conduct of life"15
Apart from a short introduction — in which the author, Vishnu Sharma, is introduced as narrating the rest of the work to the princes — it consists of five parts Each part contains a main story, called the frame story, which in turn contains several stories "emboxed" in it, as one character narrates a story to another Often these stories contain further emboxed stories16 The stories thus operate like a succession of Russian dolls, one narrative opening within another, sometimes three or four deep Besides the stories, the characters also quote various epigrammatic verses to make their point17
The five books are called:
- Mitra-bheda: The Separation of Friends The Lion and the Bull
- Mitra-lābha or Mitra-samprāpti: The Gaining of Friends The Dove, Crow, Mouse, Tortoise and Deer
- Kākolūkīyam: Of Crows and Owls War and Peace
- Labdhapraṇāśam: Loss of Gains The Monkey and the Crocodile
- Aparīkṣitakārakaṃ: Ill-Considered Action / Rash deeds The Brahman and the Mongoose
Original Indian versioneditMitra-bheda, The Separation of Friends
In the first book, a friendship arises between the lion Piṅgalaka, the king of the forest, and Sañjīvaka, a bull Karataka 'Horribly Howling' and Damanaka 'Victor' are two jackals that are retainers to the lion king Against Karataka's advice, Damanaka breaks up the friendship between the lion and the bull out of jealousy This book contains around thirty stories, mostly told by the two jackals It is the longest of the five books, making up roughly 45% of the work's length18Mitra-samprāpti, The Gaining of Friends
Seeing the favour the rat performed to free the dove or pigeon and her companions, a crow decides to befriend the rat, despite the rat's initial objections The storyline evolves as their friendship grows to include the turtle and the fawn They collaborate to save the fawn when he is trapped, and later they work together to save the turtle, who falls in the trap This makes up about 22% of the total length18A page from the Arabic version of Kalila wa dimna, dated 1210 CE, illustrating the King of the Crows conferring with his political advisors From a Syrian painting The owls are burned to death by the crows Kākolūkīyam, Of Crows and Owls
Traditional enemies, the crows and the owls are at war One of the crows pretends to be an outcast from his own group to gain entry into the rival owl group; he learns their secrets and vulnerabilities He later summons his group of crows to set fire to all entrances to the cave where the owls live and the creatures suffocate to death This is about 26% of the total length18Labdhapraṇāśam, Loss of Gains
The story tells of a symbiotic relationship between the monkey and the crocodile The crocodile risks the liaison by conspiring to acquire the heart of the monkey to heal his wife When the monkey finds out the plan, he avoids the grim fateAparīkṣitakārakaṃ, Hasty Action Main article: The Brahmin and the Mongoose
A Brahman's wife leaves his child with a mongoose friend When she returns, she sees blood on the mongoose's mouth, and kills Brahmin's friend, believing the animal killed her child The Brahman's wife discovers her child alive, and learns that the mongoose defended the child from a snake She regrets having killed his friendA page from Kelileh o Demneh, depicts the jackal-vizier Damanaka 'Victor'/ Dimna trying to persuade his lion-king that the honest bull-courtier, Shatrabaشطربة, is a traitor From the same 1429 Persian manuscript Sañjīvaka/Schanzabeh, the innocent bull courtier, is murdered unjustly by King Lion The scheming jackal vizier left Damanaka 'Victor'/Dimna watches in full view of his shocked brother Karataka 'Horribly Howling'/Kalila right
Mid Persian and Arabic versionsedit
The Persian Ibn al-Muqaffa' translated the Panchatantra in Middle Persian: Kalilag-o Demnag from Middle Persian to Arabic as Kalīla wa Dimna This is considered the first masterpiece of "Arabic literary prose"19 By the time the Sanskrit version migrated several hundred years through Pahlavi Middle Persian into Arabic, some important differences arose
The introduction and the frame story of the first book changed20 An initial introduction explains how the book was first composed at the time of Alexander the Great's called ذو القرنين in the book — he with two horns attempt to reach India In it an Indian King repents past misdeeds and requests an Indian sage called Bidaba to compose a body of work with wisdom and fables that are to be passed down for the future generations This is then stored in the great vault of kings as a national treasure In the second part a Persian emperor hears of a great book of wisdom in the vaults of treasures in the land of the Indian kings He sends one of his trusted aides who spends years winning the trust of the inner circle in the castle before he is able to access the book and return with it to Persia The Persian emperor then rewards him and allows him to translate the book into the Persian language to be read by everyone Ibn Al-Muqaffa then follows this long introduction, interjected with many sayings of wisdom, fables and noteworthy morals, with the actual fables of Kalila and Dimna21
The two jackals' names transmogrified into Kalila and Dimna Perhaps because the first section constituted most of the work, or because translators could find no simple equivalent in Zoroastrian Pahlavi for the concept expressed by the Sanskrit word 'Panchatantra', the jackals' names, Kalila and Dimna, became the generic name for the entire work in classical times
After the first chapter, Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ inserted a new one, telling of Dimna's trial The jackal is suspected of instigating the death of the bull "Shanzabeh", a key character in the first chapter The trial lasts for two days without conclusion, until a tiger and leopard appear to bear witness against Dimna He is found guilty and put to death
Ibn al-Muqaffa' inserted other additions and interpretations into his 750CE "re-telling" see Francois de Blois' Burzōy's voyage to India and the origin of the book Kalīlah wa Dimnah The political theorist Jennifer London suggests that he was expressing risky political views in a metaphorical way Al-Muqaffa' was murdered within a few years of completing his manuscript London has analysed how Ibn al-Muqaffa' could have used his version to make "frank political expression" at the 'Abbasid court see J London's "How To Do Things With Fables: Ibn al-Muqaffas Frank Speech in Stories from Kalila wa Dimna," History of Political Thought XXIX: 2 2008
Al-Muqaffa' also changed the characterisation of some animals, perhaps to have local types which his readers would recognise For instance, the crocodile in the fourth chapter is changed to a tortoiseverification needed, and the mongoose into a weasel The Brahman is described as a "hermit"
He begins each chapter of Kalila wa Dimna with a guiding frame-story theme that suggests key aspects of leadership:
- One should always be wary if one friend accuses another of crime;
- Added chapter Truth will be revealed, sooner or later;
- Cooperation among friends is vital to their survival;
- Mental strength and deceit are stronger in warfare than brute force;
- One must be careful not to betray friends, especially guarding against one's own tendencies towards foolishness; and
- One should be wary of hasty judgementscitation needed
Links with other fablesedit
Scholars have noted the strong similarity between a few of the stories in The Panchatantra and Aesop's Fables Examples are 'The Ass in the Panther's Skin' and 'The Ass without Heart and Ears'22 "The Broken Pot" is similar to Aesop's "The Milkmaid and Her Pail",23 "The Gold-Giving Snake" is similar to Aesop's "The Man and the Serpent" and "Le Paysan et Dame serpent" by Marie de France Fables24 Other well-known stories include "The Tortoise and The Geese" and "The Tiger, the Brahmin and the Jackal" Similar animal fables are found in most cultures of the world, although some folklorists view India as the prime source2526 India is described as the "chief source of the world's fable literature" in Funk and Wagnalls Standard Dictionary of Folklore Mythology and Legend27
The French fabulist Jean de La Fontaine acknowledged his indebtedness to the work in the introduction to his Second Fables:"This is a second book of fables that I present to the public I have to acknowledge that the greatest part is inspired from Pilpay, an Indian Sage"28
The Panchatantra is the origin also of several stories in Arabian Nights, Sindbad, and of many Western nursery rhymes and ballads29
Origins and functioneditThe evil jackal Damanaka meets the innocent bull Sañjīvaka Indian painting, 1610
In the Indian tradition, The Panchatantra is a nītiśāstra Nīti can be roughly translated as "the wise conduct of life"15 and a śāstra is a technical or scientific treatise; thus it is considered a treatise on political science and human conduct Its literary sources are "the expert tradition of political science and the folk and literary traditions of storytelling" It draws from the Dharma and Artha śāstras, quoting them extensively30 It is also explained that nīti "represents an admirable attempt to answer the insistent question how to win the utmost possible joy from life in the world of men" and that nīti is "the harmonious development of the powers of man, a life in which security, prosperity, resolute action, friendship, and good learning are so combined to produce joy"15
The Panchatantra shares many stories in common with the Buddhist Jataka tales, purportedly told by the historical Buddha before his death around 400 BCE As the scholar Patrick Olivelle writes, "It is clear that the Buddhists did not invent the stories It is quite uncertain whether the author of the Panchatantra borrowed his stories from the Jātakas or the Mahābhārata, or whether he was tapping into a common treasury of tales, both oral and literary, of ancient India"30 Many scholars believe the tales were based on earlier oral folk traditions, which were finally written down, although there is no conclusive evidence31 In the early 20th century, W Norman Brown found that many folk tales in India appeared to be borrowed from literary sources and not vice versa32
An early Western scholar who studied The Panchatantra was Dr Johannes Hertel, who thought the book had a Machiavellian character Similarly, Edgerton noted that "The so-called 'morals' of the stories have no bearing on morality; they are unmoral, and often immoral They glorify shrewdness and practical wisdom, in the affairs of life, and especially of politics, of government"22 Other scholars dismiss this assessment as one-sided, and view the stories as teaching dharma, or proper moral conduct33 Also:34
On the surface, the Pañcatantra presents stories and sayings which favor the outwitting of roguery, and practical intelligence rather than virtue However, From this viewpoint the tales of the Pañcatantra are eminently ethical the prevailing mood promotes an earthy, moral, rational, and unsentimental ability to learn from repeated experience
As Olivelle observes:30
Indeed, the current scholarly debate regarding the intent and purpose of the 'Pañcatantra' — whether it supports unscrupulous Machiavellian politics or demands ethical conduct from those holding high office — underscores the rich ambiguity of the text
In the first frame story, the evil Damanaka 'Victor' wins, and not his good brother Karataka The persistent theme of evil-triumphant in Kalila and Dimna Part One, frequently outraged readers among Jewish, Christian and Muslim religious leaders who encountered the work in translation Some scholars believe that Ibn al-Muqaffa inserted a chapter at the end of Part One, which puts Dimna in jail, on trial and eventually to death, in an effort to assuage religious opponents of the workcitation needed
The pre-Islamic original, The Panchatantra, contains no such dogmatic moralising As Joseph Jacobs observed in 1888, " if one thinks of it, the very raison d'être of the Fable is to imply its moral without mentioning it"35
Cross-cultural migrationseditSee also: Hitopadesha Early history based primarily on Edgerton 1924 Adaptations and translations from Jacobs 1888; less reliable for early history
The work has gone through many different versions and translations from the sixth century to the present day The original Indian version was first translated into a foreign language Pahlavi by Borzūya in 570CE, then into Arabic in 750 This Arabic version was translated into several languages, including Syriac, Greek, Persian, Hebrew and Spanish,36 and thus became the source of versions in European languages, until the English translation by Charles Wilkins of the Sanskrit Hitopadesha in 1787
Early cross-cultural migrationsedit
The Panchatantra approximated its current literary form within the 4th–6th centuries CE, though originally written around 200 BCE No Sanskrit texts before 1000 CE have survived37 According to Indian tradition, it was written by Pandit Vishnu Sharman, a sage Buddhist monks on pilgrimage took the influential Sanskrit text probably both in oral and literary formats north to Tibet and China and east to South East Asia38 These led to versions in all Southeast Asian countries, including Tibetan, Chinese, Mongolian, Javanese and Lao derivatives29
How Borzuy brought the work from IndiaeditThe foolish carpenter of Sarandib, hiding under the bed on which lie his wife and her lover She notices his foot and contrives a story to prove her innocence Persian illustration of the Kalileh and Dimneh, 1333
The Panchatantra also migrated westwards, during the Sassanid reign of Khosru I Anushiravan Around 570 CE his notable physician Borzuy translated the work from Sanskrit into the Middle Persian language, and transliterated the main characters as Karirak ud Damanak3940
According to the story told in the Shāh Nāma The Book of the Kings, Persia's late 10th century national epic by Ferdowsi, Borzuy sought his king's permission to make a trip to Hindustan in search of a mountain herb he had read about that is "mingled into a compound and, when sprinkled over a corpse, it is immediately restored to life"41 He did not find the herb, but was told by a wise sage of
"a different interpretation The herb is the scientist; science is the mountain, everlastingly out of reach of the multitude The corpse is the man without knowledge, for the uninstructed man is everywhere lifeless Through knowledge man becomes revivified"
The sage pointed to the book Kalila, and Borzuy obtained the king's permission to read and translate the book, with the help of some Pandits41
The Arabic classic by Ibn al-MuqaffaeditAn illustration from a Syrian edition dated 1354 The rabbit fools the elephant king by showing him the reflection of the moon
Borzuy's 570 CE Pahlavi translation Kalile va Demne, now lost was translated into Syriac Nearly two centuries later, it was translated into Arabic by Ibn al-Muqaffa around 750 CE42 under the Arabic title, Kalīla wa Dimna43 After the Arab invasion of Persia Iran, Ibn al-Muqaffa's version two languages removed from the pre-Islamic Sanskrit original emerged as the pivotal surviving text that enriched world literature44 Ibn al-Muqqaffa's work is considered a model of the finest Arabic prose style,45 and "is considered the first masterpiece of Arabic literary prose"19
Some scholars believe that Ibn al-Muqaffa's translation of the second section, illustrating the Sanskrit principle of Mitra Laabha Gaining Friends, became the unifying basis for the Brethren of Purity Ikwhan al-Safa — the anonymous 9th century CE encyclopedists whose prodigious literary effort, Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Sincerity, codified Indian, Persian and Greek knowledge A suggestion made by Goldziher, and later written on by Philip K Hitti in his History of the Arabs, proposes that "The appellation is presumably taken from the story of the ringdove in Kalilah wa-Dimnah in which it is related that a group of animals by acting as faithful friends ikhwan al-safa to one another escaped the snares of the hunter" This story is mentioned as an exemplum when the Brethren speak of mutual aid in one risaala treatise, a crucial part of their system of ethicsThe bird lures fish and kills them, until he tries the same trick with a crab Illustration from the editio princeps of the Latin version by John of Capua
Spread to the rest of Europeedit
Almost all pre-modern European translations of the Panchatantra arise from this Arabic version From Arabic it was re-translated into Syriac in the 10th or 11th century, into Greek in 1080, into 'modern' Persian by Abu'l Ma'ali Nasr Allah Munshi in 1121, and in 1252 into Spain old Castilian, Calila e Dimna
Perhaps most importantly, it was translated into Hebrew by Rabbi Joel in the 12th century This Hebrew version was translated into Latin by John of Capua as Directorium Humanae Vitae, or "Directory of Human Life", and printed in 1480, and became the source of most European versions46 A German translation, Das Buch der Beispiele, of the Panchatantra was printed in 1483, making this one of the earliest books to be printed by Gutenberg's press after the Bible29
The Latin version was translated into Italian by Antonfrancesco Doni in 1552 This translation became the basis for the first English translation, in 1570: Sir Thomas North translated it into Elizabethan English as The Fables of Bidpai: The Morall Philosophie of Doni reprinted by Joseph Jacobs, 188811 La Fontaine published The Fables of Bidpai in 1679, based on "the Indian sage Pilpay"29
Modern eraedit
It was the Panchatantra that served as the basis for the studies of Theodor Benfey, the pioneer in the field of comparative literature47 His efforts began to clear up some confusion surrounding the history of the Panchatantra, culminating in the work of Hertel Hertel 1908, Hertel 1912, Hertel 1915 and Edgerton 192429 Hertel discovered several recensions in India, in particular the oldest available Sanskrit recension, the Tantrakhyayika in Kashmir, and the so-called North Western Family Sanskrit text by the Jain monk Purnabhadra in 1199 CE that blends and rearranges at least three earlier versions Edgerton undertook a minute study of all texts which seemed "to provide useful evidence on the lost Sanskrit text to which, it must be assumed, they all go back", and believed he had reconstructed the original Sanskrit Panchatantra; this version is known as the Southern Family text
Among modern translations, Arthur W Ryder's translation Ryder 1925, translating prose for prose and verse for rhyming verse, remains popular4849 In the 1990s two English versions of the Panchatantra were published, Chandra Rajan's translation like Ryder's, based on Purnabhadra's recension by Penguin 1993, and Patrick Olivelle's translation based on Edgerton's reconstruction of the ur-text by Oxford University Press 1997 Olivelle's translation was republished in 2006 by the Clay Sanskrit Library50
Recently Ibn al-Muqaffa's historical milieu itself, when composing his masterpiece in Baghdad during the bloody Abbasid overthrow of the Umayyad dynasty, has become the subject and rather confusingly, also the title of a gritty Shakespearean drama by the multicultural Kuwaiti playwright Sulayman Al-Bassam51 Ibn al-Muqqafa's biographical background serves as an illustrative metaphor for today's escalating bloodthirstiness in Iraq — once again a historical vortex for clashing civilisations on a multiplicity of levels, including the obvious tribal, religious and political parallels
The novelist Doris Lessing notes in her introduction to Ramsay Wood's 1980 "retelling" of the first two of the five Panchatantra books,52 that
" it is safe to say that most people in the West these days will not have heard of it, while they will certainly at the very least have heard of the Upanishads and the Vedas Until comparatively recently, it was the other way around Anyone with any claim to a literary education knew that the Fables of Bidpai or the Tales of Kalila and Dimna — these being the most commonly used titles with us — was a great Eastern classic There were at least twenty English translations in the hundred years before 1888 Pondering on these facts leads to reflection on the fate of books, as chancy and unpredictable as that of people or nations"
See alsoedit
- India portal
- Children's literature portal
- Arthashastra
- Katha storytelling format
- Kathasaritsagara
- Mirrors for princes
- Wisdom literature
- ^ Jacobs 1888, Introduction, page xv; Ryder 1925, Translator's introduction, quoting Hertel: "the original work was composed in Kashmir, about 200 BC At this date, however, many of the individual stories were already ancient"
- ^ Doris Lessing, Problems, Myths and Stories, London: Institute for Cultural Research Monograph Series No 36, 1999, p 13
- ^ Introduction, Olivelle 2006, quoting Edgerton 1924
- ^ Ryder 1925, Translator's introduction: "The Panchatantra contains the most widely known stories in the world If it were further declared that the Panchatantra is the best collection of stories in the world, the assertion could hardly be disproved, and would probably command the assent of those possessing the knowledge for a judgment"
- ^ Edgerton 1924, p 3 "reacht" and "workt" have been changed to conventional spelling
- ^ Hertel 1915
- ^ Falconer 1885
- ^ Knatchbull 1819
- ^ Wood 2008
- ^ Eastwick 1854, Wollaston 1877, Wilkinson 1930,
- ^ a b Jacobs 1888
- ^ The Fables of Pilpay, facsimile reprint of the 1775 edition, Darf Publishers, London 1987
- ^ Ryder 1925, Translator's introduction: "Thus, the lion is strong but dull of wit, the jackal crafty, the heron stupid, the cat a hypocrite The animal actors present, far more vividly and more urbanely than men could do, the view of life here recommended—a view shrewd, undeceived, and free of all sentimentality; a view that, piercing the humbug of every false ideal, reveals with incomparable wit the sources of lasting joy" See also Olivelle 2006, pp 26–31
- ^ For this reason, Ramsay Wood considers it an early precursor of the mirrors for princes genre
- ^ a b c Ryder 1925, Translator's introduction: "The Panchatantra is a niti-shastra, or textbook of niti The word niti means roughly "the wise conduct of life" Western civilization must endure a certain shame in realizing that no precise equivalent of the term is found in English, French, Latin, or Greek Many words are therefore necessary to explain what niti is, though the idea, once grasped, is clear, important, and satisfying"
- ^ Edgerton 1924, p 4
- ^ Ryder 1925, Translator's introduction: "These verses are for the most part quoted from sacred writings or other sources of dignity and authority It is as if the animals in some English beast-fable were to justify their actions by quotations from Shakespeare and the Bible These wise verses it is which make the real character of the Panchatantra The stories, indeed, are charming when regarded as pure narrative; but it is the beauty, wisdom, and wit of the verses which lift the Panchatantra far above the level of the best story-books"
- ^ a b c Olivelle 2006, p 23
- ^ a b Lane, Andrew J 2003, Review: Gregor Schoeler's Écrire et transmettre dans les débuts de l'islam, Cambridge: MIT Electronic Journal of Middle East Studies, archived from the original on 6 March 2008
- ^ François de Blois 1990, Burzōy's voyage to India and the origin of the book of Kalīlah wa Dimnah, Routledge, pp 22–23, ISBN 978-0-947593-06-3
- ^ http://wwwal-hakawatinet/arabic/Civilizations/75pdf
- ^ a b The Panchatantra translated in 1924 from the Sanskrit by Franklin Edgerton, George Allen and Unwin, London 1965 "Edition for the General Reader", page 13
- ^ They are both classified as folktales of Aarne-Thompson-Uther type 1430 "about daydreams of wealth and fame"
- ^ They are both classified as folktales of Aarne-Thompson type 285D
- ^ K D Upadhyaya, The Classification and Chief Characteristics of Indian Hindi Folk-Tales : "It is only in the fitness of things that Professors Hertel and Benfey should regard this land as the prime source of fables and fiction"
- ^ Anne Mackenzie Pearson 1996, 'Because it gives me peace of mind': Ritual Fasts in the Religious Lives of Hindu Women, SUNY Press, p 279, ISBN 978-0-7914-3037-8
- ^ Funk and Wagnalls Standard Dictionary of Folklore Mythology and Legend 1975, p 842
- ^ "Je dirai par reconnaissance que j'en dois la plus grande partie à Pilpay sage indien" Avertissement to the Second Compilation of Fables, 1678, Jean de La Fontaine
- ^ a b c d e Vijay Bedekar, History of the Migration of Panchatantra, Institute for Oriental Study, Thane
- ^ a b c Olivelle 2006, p 18
- ^ Bedekar: "Its probable relation to early folk and oral tradition of story telling in India has been suggested by many Rather, it is fashionable to make such statements that 'Panchatantra' and allied Katha literature in India had their origin in early folk stories However, not a single credible evidence has been produced till this date, other than lengthy discussions on hypothetical assumptions"
- ^ Brown, Norman W 1919 "'The Panchatantra' in Modern Indian Folklore", Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol 39, pp 1 &17: "It is doubtless true that in the remote past many stories had their origin among the illiterate folk, often in pre-literary times, and were later taken into literature It is also just as true that many stories that appear in literature existed there first and are not indebted to the folklore for their origin But leaving aside questions concerning the early history of Hindu stories and dealing strictly with modern Indian fiction, we find that folklore has frequently taken its material from literature This process has been so extensive that of the 3000 tales so far reported, all of which have been collected during the past fifty years, at least half can be shown to be derived from literary sources This table affords considerable evidence in support of the theory that it is the folk tales and not the literary tales that are borrowed
- ^ Falk, H 1978, Quellen des Pañcatantra, pp 173–188
- ^ Roderick Hindery 1996, Comparative ethics in Hindu and Buddhist traditions, Motilal Banarsidass Publ, p 166, ISBN 978-81-208-0866-9
- ^ Jacobs 1888, p48
- ^ Kalilah and Dimnah; or, The fables of Bidpai; being an account of their literary history, p xiv
- ^ Edgerton 1924, p 9
- ^ Tarquin Hall "Review: Colin Thubron, Shadow of the Silk Road, London: Chatto & Windus, 2006, New Statesman, 25 September 2011, Review includes description of how some of the monks likely traveled in ancient times Archived 27 December 2006 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ IISacuk Dr Fahmida Suleman, "Kalila wa Dimna", in Medieval Islamic Civilization, An Encyclopaedia, Vol II, p 432-433, ed Josef W Meri, New York-London: Routledge, 2006
- ^ Abdolhossein Zarrinkoub, Naqde adabi, Tehran 1959 pp:374–379 See Contents 11 Pre-Islamic Iranian literature
- ^ a b The Shāh Nãma, The Epic of the Kings, translated by Reuben Levy, revised by Amin Banani, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London 1985, Chapter XXXI iii How Borzuy brought the Kalila of Demna from Hindustan, pages 330 – 334
- ^ The Fables of Kalila and Dimnah, translated from the Arabic by Saleh Sa'adeh Jallad, 2002 Melisende, London, ISBN 1-901764-14-1
- ^ Muslim Neoplatonist: An Introduction to the Thought of the Brethren of Purity, Ian Richard Netton, 1991 Edinburgh University Press, ISBN 0-7486-0251-8
- ^ See fourteen illuminating commentaries about or relating to Kalila wa Dimna under the entry for Ibn al-Muqqaffa in the INDEX of The Penguin Anthology of Classical Arabic Literature by Rober Irwin, Penguin Books, London 2006
- ^ James Kritzeck 1964 Anthology of Islamic Literature, New American Library, New York, page 73:
On the surface of the matter it may seem strange that the oldest work of Arabic prose which is regarded as a model of style is a translation from the Pahlavi Middle Persian of the Sanskrit work Panchatantra, or The Fables of Bidpai, by Ruzbih, a convert from Zoroastrianism, who took the name Abdullah ibn al-Muqaffa It is not quite so strange, however, when one recalls that the Arabs had much preferred the poetic art and were at first suspicious of and untrained to appreciate, let alone imitate, current higher forms of prose literature in the lands they occupied
Leaving aside the great skill of its translation which was to serve as the basis for later translations into some forty languages, the work itself is far from primitive, having benefited already at that time 750 CE from a lengthy history of stylistic revision Kalilah and Dimnah is in fact the patriarchal form of the Indic fable in which animals behave as humans — as distinct from the Aesopic fable in which they behave as animals Its philosophical heroes through the initial interconnected episodes illustrating The Loss of Friends, the first Hindu principle of polity are the two jackals, Kalilah and Dimnah
It seems unjust, in the light of posterity's appreciation of his work, that Ibn al-Muqaffa was put to death after charges of heresy about 755 CESee also pages 69 – 72 for his vivid summary of Ibn al-Muqaffa's historical context
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed 1911 "Bidpai, Fables of" Encyclopædia Britannica 3 11th ed Cambridge University Press
- ^ Harvard Oriental Series Booksgooglecom Retrieved 14 April 2013
- ^ Ahsan Jan Qaisar; Som Prakash Verma, eds 2002, Art and culture: painting and perspective, Abhinav Publications, p 33, ISBN 978-81-7017-405-9 : "it became the most popular and easily accessible English translation, going into many reprints"
- ^ Murray, M A 1956-06-01 "review" Folklore 67 2: 118–120 doi:102307/1258527 ISSN 0015-587X JSTOR 1258527
- ^ Rajan 1993, Olivelle 1997, Olivelle 2006
- ^ Kalila wa Dimna or The Mirror for Princes by Sulayman Al-Bassam, Oberon Modern Plays, London 2006
- ^ Kalila and Dimna, Selected fables of Bidpai, retold by Ramsay Wood with an Introduction by Doris Lessing, Illustrated by Margaret Kilrenny, A Paladin Book, Granada, London, 1982
Editions and translationsedit
Ordered chronologically
Sanskrit textseditCritical editions
- Hertel, Johannes 1908, The Panchatantra: a collection of ancient Hindu tales, in the recension called Panchakhyanaka, and dated 1199 AD, of the Jaina monk, Pūrṇabhadra, critically edited in the original Sanskrit in Nâgarî letters, and, for the sake of beginners, with word-division, Harvard Oriental Series Volume 11
- Hertel, Johannes 1912, The Panchatantra-text of Pūrṇabhadra : critical introduction and list of variants, Harvard Oriental Series Volume 12
- Hertel, Johannes 1912, The Panchatantra-text of Pūrṇabhadra and its relation to texts of allied recensions as shown in parallel specimens, Harvard Oriental Series Volume 13
- Hertel, Johannes 1915, The Panchatantra: a collection of ancient Hindu tales in its oldest recension, the Kashmirian, entitled Tantrakhyayika, Harvard Oriental Series Volume 14
- Edgerton, Franklin 1924, The Panchatantra Reconstructed Vol1: Text and Critical Apparatus, Vol2: Introduction and Translation, New Haven, Connecticut: American Oriental Series Volumes 2–3
- Edgerton, Franklin 1930, The Pancatantra Ⅰ–Ⅴ: the text in its oldest form, Poona: Oriental Book Agency Poona Oriental Series No 32 reprinting in Devanagari only the text from his 1924 work
- Kāśīnātha Pāṇḍuraṅga Paraba, ed 1896, The Pañchatantraka of Vishṇusarman, Tukârâm Jâvjî , Google Books
- Pandit Guru Prasad Shastri 1935, Panchatantra with the commentary Abhinavarajalaxmi, Benares: Bhargava Pustakalaya Text with Sanskrit commentary
- Shayamacharan Pandey 1975, Pañcatantram, Vārāṇasī: Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 9788120821583 Complete Sanskrit text with Hindi translation
Translations in Englishedit
- Knatchbull, Rev Wyndham 1819, Kalila and Dimna or The Fables of Bidpai, Oxford Google BooksGoogle Books translated from Silvestre de Stacy's laborious 1816 collation of different Arabic manuscripts
- Eastwick, Edward B transl 1854, The Anvari Suhaili; or the Lights of Canopus Being the Persian version of the Fables of Pilpay; or the Book Kalílah and Damnah rendered into Persian by Husain Vá'iz U'L-Káshifí, Hertford: Stephen Austin, Bookseller to the East-India College Also online at Persian Literature in Translation
- Wollaston, Arthur N transl 1877, The Anwar-I-Suhaili Or Lights of Canopus Commonly Known As Kalilah And Damnah Being An Adaptation By Mulla Husain Bin Ali Waiz-Al-Kashifi of The Fables of Bidapai, London: W H Allen
- Falconer, Ion Keith 1885, Kalilah and Dimnah or The Fables of Bidpai, Cambridge University Press , reprinted by Philo Press, Amsterdam 1970
- Jacobs, Joseph 1888, The earliest English version of the Fables of Bidpai, London Google Books edited and induced from The Morall Philosophie of Doni by Sir Thomas North, 1570
- Tales Within Tales – adapted from the fables of Pilpai, Sir Arthur N Wollaston, John Murray, London 1909
- Wilkinson 1930, The Lights of Canopus described by J V S Wilkinson, London: The Studio Limited
- Ryder, Arthur W transl 1925, The Panchatantra, University of Chicago Press, ISBN 81-7224-080-5 also republished in 1956, reprint 1964, and by Jaico Publishing House, Bombay, 1949 Translation based on Hertel's North Western Family Sanskrit text
- Rajan, Chandra transl 1993, Viṣṇu Śarma: The Panchatantra, London: Penguin Books, ISBN 978-0-14-045520-5 reprint: 1995 also from the North Western Family text
- Olivelle, Patrick transl 1997, The Pancatantra: The Book of India's Folk Wisdom, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-283988-6 Translation based on Edgerton's Southern Family Sanskrit text
- Dharma, Krishna transl 2004, Panchatantra – A vivid retelling of India's most famous collection of fables, Badger CA, USA: Torchlight Publishing, ISBN 978-1-887089-45-6 Accessible popular compilation derived from a Sanskrit text with reference to the aforementioned translations by Chandra Rajan and Patrick Olivelle
- Olivelle, Patrick 2006, The Five Discourses on Worldly Wisdom, Clay Sanskrit Library, ISBN 978-0-8147-6208-0
- Wood, Ramsay 2008, Kalila and Dimna, Fables of Friendship and Betrayal, Introduction by Doris Lessing, Postscript by Dr Christine van Ruymbeke, London: Saqi Books, ISBN 978-0-86356-661-5
- Wood, Ramsay 2008, Kalila and Dimna, Fables of Friendship and Betrayal Vol 1: Books 1 & 2 Introduction by Doris Lessing US Kindle edition, Edinburg: Zirac Press, ISBN 0-86356-661-8
- Wood, Ramsay 2010, Kalila and Dimna, The Panchatantra Retold – Book One, Introduction by Doris Lessing, Noida: Random House India
- Wood, Ramsay 2011, Kalila and Dimna, Fables of Conflict and Intrigue Vol 2: Books 4 & 5, Introduction by Michael Wood US Kindle edition, Edinburg: Zirac Press, ISBN 0-9567081-0-2
Further readingedit
- Weiss, H B 1925-12-01 "The Insects of the Panchatantra" Journal of the New York Entomological Society 33 4: 223 doi:102307/25004101 ISSN 0028-7199 JSTOR 25004101
- N M Penzer 1924, The Ocean of Story, Being CH Tawney's Translation of Somadeva's Katha Sarit Sagara or Ocean of Streams of Story: Volume V of X, Appendix I: pp 207–242
- Burzoy's Voyage to India and the Origin of the Book of Kalilah wa Dimnah Google Books, Francois de Blois, Royal Asiatic Society, London, 1990
- On Kalila wa Dimna and Persian National Fairy Tales Transoxianacom, Dr Pavel Basharin Moscow, Tansoxiana 12, 2007
- The Past We Share — The Near Eastern Ancestry of Western Folk Literature, E L Ranelagh, Quartet Books, Horizon Press, New York, 1979
- In Arabian Nights — A Search of Morocco through its Stories and Storytellers by Tahir Shah, Doubleday, 2008
- Ibn al-Muqaffa, Abdallah Kalilah et Dimnah Ed P Louis Cheiko 3 ed Beirut: Imprimerie Catholique, 1947
- Ibn al-Muqaffa, Abd'allah Calila e Dimna Edited by Juan Manuel Cacho Blecua and María Jesus Lacarra Madrid: Editorial Castalia, 1984
- Keller, John Esten, and Robert White Linker El libro de Calila e Digna Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 1967
- Latham, JD "Ibn al-Muqaffa` and Early `Abbasid Prose" `Abbasid Belles-Lettres Eds Julia Ashtiany, et al Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1989 48–77
- Parker, Margaret The Didactic Structure and Content of El libro de Calila e Digna Miami, FL: Ediciones Universal, 1978
- Penzol, Pedro Las traducciones del "Calila e Dimna" Madrid,: Impr de Ramona Velasco, viuda de P Perez,, 1931
- Shaw, Sandra The Jatakas — Birth Stories of the Bodhisatta, Penguin Classics, Penguin Books India, New Delhi, 2006
- Wacks, David A "The Performativity of Ibn al-Muqaffas Kalîla wa-Dimna and Al-Maqamat al-Luzumiyya of al-Saraqusti" Journal of Arabic Literature 341–2 2003: 178–89
External linksedit
- Works related to The Panchatantra at Wikisource
- Quotations related to Panchatantra at Wikiquote
- The dictionary definition of panchatantra at Wiktionary
- Media related to Panchatantra at Wikimedia Commons
- Tales Of Panchatantra
- Complete Panchatantra Stories In Hindi
- Sept 26 -29th 2012 Leipzig Conference on The Pañcatantra Across Cultures and Disciplines
- History of the Migration of Panchatantra
- ICR Monograph Series No 59: Extraordinary Voyages of the Panchatantra — and how we limit our understanding of the word story
|aka: Hitopadesha — Kalila and Dimna — The Lights of Canopus — The Fables of Bidpai/Pilpay — The Moral Philosophy of Doni
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Okay- so- starting at the beginning.
Wednesday, January 27, 2010
Rantings of a MAD pregnant lady
Posted by Pam at 5:23 PM 3 comments
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Channeling ALL those nesting instincts...
SO my induction date has been moved up to Thursday. Seems my doctor has a family emergency (I am assuming funeral or some other such issue) that has him leaving Friday for a week. So it's either a matter of being induced on Thursday, or being delivered by a different doctor when I go into labor on my own. Due to my own personal feelings on this, as well as Joe's feelings on it, we both decided Thursday will be the big day!
Posted by Pam at 8:52 AM 4 comments
Monday, January 25, 2010
Lil-isms from yesterday
I love my kids. They make my life so much more interesting, and bring a whole new level of love to the table. That being said, sometimes I can't help but shake my head at the blunt (mean) things I hear coming out of my eldest daughter's mouth. :)
Posted by Pam at 8:37 AM 4 comments
Thursday, January 21, 2010
Back in December I started volunteering at my daughters school. It's only an hour a week, but that blessed hour is one of the things I look most forward to during my week! And it has gotten me to thinking (never a good thing).
Posted by Pam at 12:17 PM 2 comments
Beating my head against a wall...
Some randomness for ya today-
Posted by Pam at 10:20 AM 3 comments
Wednesday, January 20, 2010
Lacey update and Lilia issues
So yeah... potty training sucks more than I remember! Lacey had a FANTASTIC first day with only two minor accidents (One of which, I blame myself for- I knew better than to put her down for a nap without a diaper or pull up). Day 2? Yeah- not good. We only successfully made it to the potty twice all day. Lots of accidents... Day 3 (yesterday)? Pretty good. Only one accident, but she was diapered a little more than I would prefer (She was being babysat, and I didn't feel good about expecting the sitter to have to monitor or clean up her accidents). Today? So far, one success, and three accidents. UGH! Good thing her accidents are fairly small and don't leak through her padded training panties...
Posted by Pam at 12:44 PM 4 comments
Sunday, January 17, 2010
Ballet Teacher
Lilia is a fantastic little dancer. She loves her dance class, and has a lot of fun learning new things. What makes it even better? She loves teaching those new moves to Lacey. I have been lucky to get her on video TWICE teaching her little sister ballet stretches and moves...
Posted by Pam at 9:19 AM 1 comments
Diapers Shmiapers!
Posted by Pam at 9:00 AM 1 comments
Friday, January 15, 2010
I see a light!
Posted by Pam at 3:48 PM 2 comments
Tuesday, January 12, 2010
Finally, a project finished! Only like 2 billion to go...
Posted by Pam at 10:31 AM 3 comments
Thursday, January 7, 2010
New Years Resolutions...
I have never been much of a resolutions kind of person. In general I don't like setting myself up to fail. I am afraid to set a resolution for fear that I will putter out and NOT follow through, and that would be a total bummer, and would make me feel bad, and I don't like feeling bad... SO- why bother- right?
Posted by Pam at 9:22 PM 4 comments
My OB wants to move my due date up. ACK! He feels like I am 38 weeks. Good for him and his feelings! I told him that's fine, but I am still holding out for a Feb. baby... why, you might ask? Well- to put it simply, because of insurance. In order to use our insurance to the best of it's ability I need to hold out til Feb. 1. So that's what I am aiming to do! I know, I know... I am CRAZY. But the way I see it? My body is built to have children. And this little guy will come when he is ready. I will let it happen on it's own, and if by some chance, I manage to keep him in past my doc's new due date, and my original due date, then I will be induced on the 1st of Feb, and all is right with the world! Trust me, I am so tired, and achy and miserable... if this little (or big) guy decides to come sooner than that, I will not stop him, or attempt to stop him... I just won't bring on labor any sooner than I need to.
Posted by Pam at 8:22 PM 3 comments
Monday, January 4, 2010
Happy New Year!
Posted by Pam at 8:29 AM 5 comments


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Protracted irresponsiveness of overworked muscle
On Thu, 15 Jun 2017 21:27:20 -0700 (PDT),
For years, I've had a routine of supersetting pushups and pullups. I'd do the following in quick succession:
* Knuckle pushups with fists close together (less than a foot)
* Palm pushs, hands close together
* Knuckle pushups, fists wide apart
* Palm pushups, hands far apart
* Knuckle pushups, fists shoulder width apart
* Palm pushups, hands should width apart
* Pullups
* Pullups with alternate grip
For each one of these subsets, I'd go until failure (which doesn't take too long at my age). For the pullups, I try to adjust my body position so that I'm hitting the back rather than the lats.
I'd do this superset several times a day. Sometimes half a dozen, sometimes twice, depending on stress level. Sometimes throughout the day, sometimes within an hour. It's basically a stress relief valve, as well as a way to maintain caloric balance. I realize that going to exhaustion too frequently does not cause muscle to get bigger, but I was fine with the idea of small, taught muscles.
Less than a month ago, I weakened drastically over the space of a week, to the point where I could not do one pushup, nor one pullup. I found it odd that my strength on both exercises failed at the same time. It wasn't Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness. I don't get those much, probably because I stretch out every day. Because of the drasticness of this weakness, and the fact that it persisted for more than a few days, I started googling. The only candidate cause I've found is "exertional rhabdomyolysis" (ER). But I don't have the signs, such as dark urine, or soreness. More accurately, I feel taught on the chest and the back, but when I poke and knead the front, I do feel a twinge that might loosely be described as pain (but only loosely). It's like the practice of using a lacrosse ball to massage one's butt cheek. Kind of like pain, but not really.
Another symptom of ER is irregular heart rhythm. I often felt some odd quivering in the vicinity of the heart, but I was never sure whether it was really the heart or perhaps it was just the chest muscle twitching on its own. I thought it was just lack of sleep and/or streess. Since I stopped pushups and pullups, it has receded.
Anyway, it's been about 1.5 weeks since I did any real pushups or pullups. Any "test" that I do reveals that I haven't recovered much, if at all. I can still do my core (bridges for front, back, and sides). The minor use of arms to stabilize during the core training is enough to make my chest and back muscles feel like they've been through a workout. I am guessing that such minor stress might help them recover.
Without taking time off work for medical examination, is there any way to get some kind of corroboration of the possibility of ER (or just as useful, some anti-corroboration)?
Probably not ER - usually people only get that from doing truly insane
Crossfit-type workouts. Sounds like, bad life stress to me. Sometimes
my strength goes down by 50% or so when I'm not getting enough sleep!
David Solimano
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Running time : 35:34 min
Actors : Hope Howell, James Jamesson
Hope's relaxing out in the hot sun working on her tan while James is sneaking around out by the pool house. James can see her laid out and he loves the view as he starts rubbing his cock on the outside of his pants. He decides to take a closer look and quietly moves in but he ends up kicking the dog bowl over and ruining any chance of being sneaky. Hope, startled, sits up and sees him but waves him over so they can have a friendly neighborly chat. Both of them are turned on and Hope has a great idea that maybe since they are neighbors they should just go up to the pool house and fuck and so they do. James is rock hard for that sexy mouth and fucks it hard making it sloppy all over the place. He flips her over and fucks her hard on the couch in a few different positions as he name calls her throughout. Being the nice guy he is he gets her off no problem and she sucks him off until he blows his hot load all over her chest.


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Staff writer
In his 27th season as head football coach of Marion High School, Grant Thierolf certainly knows what he's doing. Thierolf's chief concern is that a lot of his kids don't — yet.
Coming off a 9-2 season with a senior-led squad, Thierolf knows this year's Warriors will be a different team.
"Last year we were ready to play a game after two weeks of practice," he said. "This year we're going to be ready to play a game after our second or third game."
With a new, younger roster featuring just 13 upperclassmen, Thierolf has placed a greater emphasis on offseason training.
"They weren't as strong or fast as they needed to be (entering the summer), but this group's really worked hard," he said. "Our strength numbers increased tremendously."
Thierolf said the team's conditioning has similarly improved.
Though the roster overall is smaller than last year, the team's leaders lay a foundation of grit. Kyle Palic, an all-state linebacker from last season, and Adam Janzen, an all-league fullback, will factor prominently into team leadership roles. Thierolf cited Seth Snelling and Jacob Baldwin as other leaders among a senior class of nine that will be expected to elevate their play.
"We have to look at the strengths we have and what our kids do well, and then play to those strengths," Thierolf said.
As opposed to the 2013 Warriors, who "could line it up and just run down the front of any defense," as Thierolf said, this year's offensive line isn't as big or experienced.
Thierolf added that the Warriors may be faster in some positions. Part of that speed might come with being smaller and younger.
"We've started one freshman here in 27 years, and we may end up starting three of them," he said. "We'll start some sophomores undoubtedly."
What may help Marion balance the loss of 14 seniors from a competitive standpoint is the switch from class 3A to 2A; Marion will drop to 2A for the first time since 1991. Thierolf said the change was likely a one-year anomaly.
Because of the drop, Marion will play just three teams from its 2013 schedule. One of the three, Moundridge, will open the season against Marion on Sept. 5. Marion follows that game with a rematch of last year's regional playoff against Hutchinson Trinity Catholic. The team that accounted for both Warriors losses last season, Sedgwick, is not on the schedule this season.
Thierolf looks forward to developing his team.
"Our kids don't have the repetitions yet," he said. "Once they get 'em we're gonna be OK. I like this group. They're gonna be a fun group. They're very coachable, and there's no doubt in my mind they'll play hard for us."


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Nuggets 222 – Funky & Bluesy
Some great tracks here.
If you can't see a playable list below, try this link http://html5.grooveshark.com/playlist/Nuggets+222+Funky+and+Bluesy/81325998
Bill Withers
El Michels Affair
Barbara Lynn
Lee Fields
Music is important to me. I don't play an instrument, but I like to listen.
At varsity in Dunedin the gigs kept me warm.
Over the years I built up my record collection, boxes and boxes of LP's, EP's and 7 inch singles, only to lose everything in a burglary.
Travel and family commitments intervened. Time passed. CD's replaced records, and records gave way to MP3's.
I miss records.
A disk crash deleted the MP3 collection, and I started again from scratch.
Starting again was difficult. I found myself buying the same music. Boring. I read music magazines to find out what I might like, but I didn't learn much. The radio wasn't much better. I visited record stores but just got lost, rows of bands I had never heard of.
I resolved to spend 12 months listening to as much music as I could; where possible avoiding bands that I knew, trying to find out what was out there, and what I liked.
By 2007 there was no shortage of music to listen to. Music blogs share the tastes of 1000's of music lovers. I joined Emusic.
To keep track I burn MixCd's, 21st Century mixtapes. The CD's catalogue my exploring. I give them to friends. Sometimes they email me back with comments and suggest other bands to listen to.
Eleven years on (good grief) here is a website to share my love of music.
Some great tracks here.
If you can't see a playable list below, try this link http://html5.grooveshark.com/playlist/Nuggets+222+Funky+and+Bluesy/81325998
Bill Withers
El Michels Affair
Barbara Lynn
Lee Fields
admin is discussing. Toggle Comments
I was intrigued by the Barbara Lynn clips and the TV show she appeared in. Here is some background to the programme and the band.
"THE!!!! BEAT was a 1/2 hour syndicated Rhythm & Blues and Soul music TV show out of Nashville, Tennessee. It ran for one year (1966) and all the episodes were in colour. THE!!!! BEAT was hosted by pioneering R&B disc jockey Bill "Hoss" Allen who interviewed the artists and kept the proceedings moving along.
Many of the songs were performed live in the studio with house band, The Beat Boys, led by the R&B legend, Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown. The show featured black go-go dancing girls wearing white go-go boots and fringe-flying mini-skirts! "
You can buy DVD's of the show here.
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Migraines affect up to 30 percent of women, twice as many as men. There's no one cause, so you may need to be a bit of a detective to figure out what causes your headaches and what solution might be best for you.
One possible cause is an abnormality in blood vessel constriction and dilation caused by unstable blood vessels. Here, large blood vessels are dilated (widened) and smaller blood vessels are constricted, preventing normal blood flow and causing pain.
Chronic stress is one cause of migraines. In this case, the headache is triggered by the production of a pain-producing substance by nerve cells called "substance P." Substance P dilates blood vessels and releases allergic compounds such as histamines. Both food allergies and chronic stress may be implicated in this type of migraine.
Allergies to foods high in chemicals called amines, including phenylethylamine (chocolate and cheeses) and tyramine (red wine, dairy, nuts, citrus, and beans), are also associated with triggering migraines.
Serotonin: But a major cause of migraine headaches is a brain chemical called serotonin. Platelets and small blood vessels store serotonin, chemical that helps blood vessels relax and constrict. Some people with migraines have platelets that clump together more than normal and release excessive amounts of serotonin. Migraines occur when serotonin levels increase. Often, a mitral valve prolapse is present as well. This condition, known as a leaky heart valve, can damage platelets, which only continues the circle of pain.
Migraines may be caused by too much or too little serotonin. The drugs Imitrex and MAO inhibitors increase serotonin production and are used for migraines that originate from too little serotonin. If you're taking these medications, you should know that 5-HTP (5-hydroxytryptophan), a natural serotonin-precursor found in natural food stores can give you similar results without side effects.
Vitamin B6 is also needed to help produce serotonin, so be sure to get enough of both 5-HTP and B6. I suggest 25 mg of vitamin B6 along with 100-200 mg of 5-HTP three times a day. Using these nutrients for two or three months may prevent your migraine from recurring.
Low blood sugar is another cause of migraines. Some people have a defect in the way their bodies utilize glucose, causing dips in their glucose levels. Low blood sugar, or fasting, can either prevent or trigger a migraine. If refined sugar, alcohol, potatoes, or other foods that turn into sugar quickly trigger your headache, look to your blood sugar for the cause and solution to your pain. Chromium is a mineral that helps regulate blood sugar levels. Try taking 200- 400 mcg of chromium piccolinate three times a day.
Alkalosis: Florida dentist, Steven N. Green, DDS, has found that alkalosis (too little acid) can bring on a migraine. His solution is to take two grams of a powdered vitamin C with mineral ascorbates every hour until the migraine subsides. If you're prone to migraines, keep a dozen packets of easily available Emer'gen-C handy. Dr. Green uses the Super Gram III, which can be found in natural food stores, many drug stores, and some supermarkets.


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Environmental program earns KDOT, state partner's national recognition
Jan. 5, 2006 ( 06-001)
News Contact: Stan Whitley, (785) 296-3585
Environmental program earns KDOT, state partner's national recognition
An environmental program designed to preserve roadside prairies in Kansas has received national recognition from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA).
The Kansas Prairie Ecosystem Restoration, Education, and Conservation Initiative program was recently recognized by the FHWA as an Exemplary Ecosystem Initiative. The program between the Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) and other state agencies provides a joint partnership that is helping to protect and preserve the natural environment in Kansas.
Kansas is home to three endangered ecosystems which include tall, mixed, and short-grass prairies. In the Flint Hills of eastern Kansas, tall grass species dominate; in central Kansas a mixture of tall and short grass prairie species dominate; and in the High Plains of western Kansas, short grass species dominate.
The vegetation and landscape within each ecosystem provide unique challenges for restoration, maintenance and conservation programs for KDOT. The prairie ecosystem initiative is helping restore and preserve portions of these ecosystems adjacent to Kansas's roadways, while educating the public on the importance of these diminishing resources.
The initiative was enacted in February 2004 in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Kansas Department Agriculture, and the Audubon Society of Kansas. At the inception of the initiative, new seed mixes and erosion control practices were developed for KDOT to more closely represent and protect vegetation found in that particular
region during restoration processes and best suit the habitat needs of area wildlife.
With over 650,000 acres of right of way along Kansas roadways, KDOT plays a major role in conservation practices to promote endangered species, preserve wetland areas and ensure native ecosystems are not impacted by road construction.
In order to preserve the existing vegetation and promote vegetation establishment, KDOT has implemented a new mowing policy as part of its roadway maintenance program. The policy designates mowing heights and times to ensure vegetation is mowed on a schedule to enhance plant growth and protect wildlife habitat.
Besides the extensive restoration and conservation programs within the initiative, a public outreach and education program has been undertaken. As part of the public outreach and education program, KDOT in partnership with the Kansas Biological Survey, Audubon of Kansas, Kansas Turnpike Authority, and the Kansas Wildflower Society has developed a wildflower handout brochure.
KDOT also partnered with Kansas Public Television, Kansas Department of Commerce and the Kansas Historical Society to put information kiosks at significant landmarks as part of a public education and information program. An information video also was developed that is available to the public and was aired on public television's widely viewed program, "Sunflower Journeys."


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Thursday, March 27, 2008
On the Steps…..The Cut, Milan & Paris
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126 comments
sart, the bangs on these ladies are to die for! i just gave myself a little trim last night.. but couldn't pull off the awesome fringe on these gals.
love the tinted color too..
I am not ready for this look- I've experimented by looking at this picture 5 different times and each time, I want to shake my head in hopes of seeing eyes….
In my opinion a person who repeated dresses this way either has no self esteem or is hiding something. It really makes me itch….
She looks great in both shots, but I LOVE the blue hair! It's so pretty and chic and interesting, and could work anywhere (except my office, unfortunately).
I love the blue dyed hair of the first lady, and the fact her fringe/bangs obviously needs a cut -the second lady too. It actually looks elegant and chic on them, not punk or neglected.
Lets count the Ramones references
who doesn't love a little mystery?
Magnificent haircut, especially shown in the first photo.
Love the bangs covering the eyes — so mysterious and vampy.
This hair cuts are interesting, a dramatic effect created by hiding a very important element in a face. At first I asked myself ÔÇśhow can they see?ÔÇÖ, but enlarging I noticed that their eyes arenÔÇÖt that hiddenÔÇŽ I like how the woman in the top has gone all the way with that hair colour, lipstick, nail polish and retro futurist total black. Very, very interesting!
However, for everyday life, IÔÇÖm not sure about this styleÔÇŽ IÔÇÖm always disturbed when I have a conversation with someone whose eyes you canÔÇÖt totally see, either because of hair or sunglasses. Some people would even believe itÔÇÖs rude to never reveal such an expressive part of a humanÔÇÖs face.
PS. Sart, you were being filmed in the first pic, werenÔÇÖt you? IÔÇÖd like to see that footage…
PSS. I love love love the cracked blue wood in the second picture!
Long live Joey Ramone.
I would love to see the whole outfit in the second image. She has def. a very personal style.
the hair makes it for me.
how i wish i could get away with a cut like this.
a shame my face is so round.
Great hair color! The bob with bangs is a great signature look. I love how the blue-green color is almost black which matches her nails. It's a classic with a twist of the modern. This is very well done!
I love this look! Very Ramones, Very cool:)
When I was young punky thing the late 70′s I wanted to dye my hair like this, but never got the nerve up. She looks great!
Very Johnny Ramone with the bangs.
Ramones revisited!
I dig the teal hair. Works with that cut.
both are great, but the girl really got drama in the first pictures.
(yes, not very insightful…I'll leave that to the others while I fulfill the role of being the first to gosh about it.)
i LOVE this!!
she looks like an uber chic superhero :D
the first hair colour….
she's like an anime character..
but soo much better!
Top: She looks like a mannequin. I prefer real people. Not just branded images.
Bottom: Far more mysterious and intriguing. I like the collar of her jacket/bang frame around her face and lips.
Both girls look too mysterious. Can┬┤t see the lower one┬┤ s face-which is disturbing.Am getting a bit sick of the too peculiar outfits.
Wow wow wow. I'm completely envious.
I truly love the bangs over the eyes, she is a marvel in all black.
Woman in bottom photo could be Johnny Ramone's sister.
hey ho, let's go!
Tough and cool.
I am feeling chrissie hynde here – and i like it.
Cool look, but, do they actually see anything?
I've seen a lot of this lately with the bangs covering the eyes. It's a good look on the runway, but how practical is it? How would you feel trying to have a conversation with someone whose hair is in their face and covering their eyes?
the first lady is a work of art. The colors in her hair, the fiercly severe cut of the coat at her shoulders, the black nails and dark dark lips…Smashing. As for the hair on both ladies…it's cool but so blatently impractical. Like a woman who wears 6 inch stiletto platforms that are a size too small and winds up hobbling everywhere she goes, just to "look good". It's great for photography and art…even the runway..but for every day? Color me skeptical.
I dont enjoy the fading blue hair colour at all.
number one, Japanese anime hair.
number two, the Ramones live!
love it! I wanted a bob for so long, but my hair is curly.
I really don't like the haircuts. Too depressing maybe?
Or maybe a little too 'Joni Mitchell' for me!
Heather in still snowy MN!
Sleek and chic.
Still. The India pictures were full of color and light and the Euro pictures are full of grays and blacks.
What do you suppose that means? The West is in a funk and the East is getting primed for the Asian century?
Okay, reading too much into beautiful pictures….
I love the first cut in that bluey-green hue, but I'm not crazy about the second one. I think to pull off these bangs you have to have them thinner so you can at least see your eyes!
She was rocking the blue!
It┬┤s nothing about her haircut it┬┤s about the color, Sarto
Quite the accessory that hair – Especially in blue! Her silhouette (all in black above above) is dramatic and very strong, but still carries the womans' femininity.
I love the beautiful modernity and mystery of that haircut and the daring color in the first picture, but most of all I admire their ability to tolerate those bangs hanging down below their eyes.
I know that the long bangs make it special, but this hairdo is as useful as a corset.
Why is it good, when the eyes are hidden?
Goodness, is that Johnny Ramone on the bottom? Similar cuts, but quite different effects, both work for me.
i love the top photo. sometimes i wish i was bold enough to cut my hair and dye it blue. she pulls it off really well and it adds a nice touch of color to her all black outfit.
beautiful beautiful bag
It looks like they're both about to go blind.
Love this updated Punk look. THIS is the style of the 80′s that deserves a retread.
Besides that, I'm waiting for all the Ramones comments…
Lady at the top: too cool, just exudes hotness. Even the fact that her hair is greenish blue seems so fitting. It's a great haircut. Bottom lady, can't see her face, too dark, too grunge.
Fantastic. Also the blue adds on. Brilliant.
Hello, oh am I the first?
Ok. person above: great hair color! Wonder how she managed to get it that blue… with "directions"? The color + hair cut matches great with the shape of her face and her handback. pretty artificial but straight concept. she ┬┤s a bit tensed, her hand looks so cramped. anyway.
- person below:
compared to the look above she looks much more ordinary, there are hundreds of women beeing styled like her in the streets. but I like it, though. and, big Plus:
she is not skinny. I really miss pictures of normal weight women here. Its so easy to look good when you are thin. I like her tight jeans.
In the bottom photo I can't see her eyes at all. And with the black leather and dark background the effect for me is ominous.
I really like the top photo. The shiny (teal?) hair and black jacket, the shiny black bag reflecting blues, even the photographer and car in the background – all shiny blue/black. And in spite of her clenched fist and serious expression the effect for me is the expectation of instant energy, as if she is about to fly off!
~ Miss Mary
no. this does not work for me at all! … there has to be something said for some function in fashion!
If I see this two pic┬┤s together the cut┬┤s is about a long and heavy fringe and thats cool.
the top – I love the cut and the color.
Having bangs in my eyes would drive me nuts. Obviously tricky to pull off too. In the first pic, you can still sort see her eyes and it could be interpreted as mysterious and sophisticated…second pic just looks sort of foolish, as in "Who turned out the lights?!"
That hair is the most perfect accessory. I doubt many people could pull it off though.
It was silly the 80′s, it's silly now. just no.
My 49 year old mother just got this cut, looks great on anyone of any age!
Love the blue tint on her hair!Could that be a wig?
That blue/green looks gorgeous! Very eclectic and non-conformist, but the cut makes it look sophisticated.
Anna Wintour with an edge? These girls look pretty intense.
this is so weird. i had a dream the other night that my hair looked like this. i love the look but oy, in my dream i was so annoyed that my hair was in my eyes.
the green color is very pretty. it's kind of an updated version of the 90′s look – anyone remember the dotcom dye jobs?
I've seen this haircut all over the place. While it is appealingly severe, it's (in my opinion) too trendy. And it can look like a motorcycle helmet that is slowly falling forward over the wearer's face …
I prefer to see a person's eyes, personally.
I like it… Kind of has a young Patti Smith vibe.
One could also argue it is a copy of Katie Holmes/Suri, although I would like not to :-)
They look they have no eyeballs. Kinda creepy, dontcha think?
It's not enough to look like the models anymore, now we want to be the fashion sketches!
And yet somehow? It works.
love the top pic – maybe the hair color and dark lipstick makes the difference.
I'm not sure I get behind the whole heavy fringe/bangs thing. I know some girls can rock it, but it would drive me crazy.
Wow, it looks like the Ramones are back with a vengeance.
Cuts like these are interesting because, while at the heart of it a modern interpretation of a past cut, the low-lying bang is something almost revolutionary. We've all seen the bob, straight-edged bangs, etc. But when cuts are unique, they complete outfits like a good hat. And good hats are rare.
That hair! It's amazing. I love the blue. But I wonder what her eyes look like…
Love the first green hair! And, I wish I had this enormous bag!
funny coincidence… i have just landed back from italy. i was reading *glamour italia* on the plane and saw the same girl with the same outfit and blue hair immortalised on their pages.
The Ramones live!
i read your "hot for" list on refinery 29. i've always thought the bath towel look was pretty chic as well!
That's so funny, I'm rocking the same hairstyle…but not in blue :(
super cool style…personaly it's not my style, but i like the way she created, it works very well on her !!!
super cool style…personaly it's not my style, but i like the way she created, it works very well on her !!!
very cute and tr├Ęs chic
It's interesting, but at the same time it sort of makes her look like Cousin It.
The long fringe just makes the cut. I may just have to get my haircut now…
It's so severe and mysterious on her already v. defined features, but it looks great on her. And I love the blue, it adds color to her seemingly colorless wardrobe (although the pieces she works with are simply incredible)
I believe in duality of functionality and style. So I wonder. How do they resist the urge to clear their bang away? Can they even see clearly?
Normally people sort of hide behind the long fringe or wild color, but the top girl so owns it in a fashionista kick butt way. She's gorgeous. The bottom woman is more conventional- a cross between Chrissy Hynde and Joey Ramone- not that there's anything wrong with it. Just a slightly more predictable alternative.
I really like that look, its chic without being trendy, and very classic.
I've had bangs for about 8 years – still do. They've been very short to eye length and everywhere in between. I love that length but its hard to keep it from poking you in the eye. Love the blue too, how great is that!?
What amazing blue hair! It almost looks natural. No, really, it's beautiful.
I wonder is the 2nd lady knows who Johnny Ramone was…
adams family
as two photos together i love first of all the color and pattern, also the repitition of two similar but different styles taken up by these chicks. however i dont get the 'style' factor and dont get how ppl can go 'ooh fab'.
The blue color is inconsistent on too fine hair, and the bottom cut just reaks of impracticality. how many ppl would one bang into with the curtains down? johnny ramone always had eyes poking below the fringe. but we are in 2008 hey? anything goes…
this is prolly too negative for posting, however i can see why they have been published as they are'interesting'. i love the photographer being photographed.
Doesn't anyone else think her hair is actually ridiculous and would be sure to drive even a sane person crazy? Can you imagine how many hundreds of times a day you'd be brushing them from out in front of your eyes? And also, since I'm obiviously missing the chic statement here, I'll take my criticism one, ugly step farther . . . doesn't she look JUST like a deranged Katie Holmes in that first shot? Someone needs to have her thetans audited . . .
i love the black and blue combination. chanel blue satin would be the perfect nail polish.
Lovely hair, but what happened to India? Left already?
shoulder pads are the new it thing.
bomber jackets and bangs oh my.
love the black everywhere. love. love.
Beautiful peacock gradient hair…looks very natural in a way as another comment mentioned. The boxy jacket silhouette w/ the shoulder pads complete the volumous look. Plus the fact everything is in black, slims her down and creates an even stronger boxy silhouette.
PLEASE, PLEASE! SOMEBODY HELP ME: I need to know where to go in the Seattle area for a great haircut. So far, I got hideous "layers" or the Kathy Holmes/Victoria Bekham long in the front-short in the back bob. So out! Please help me!
WOW. so much drama–love it.
to momo at 11:02: I have very curly hair and after years of simple layered haircuts to simply avoid the "pyramid" look, I found a stylist that encouraged me to get out of my comfort zone. now I have a short, angled bob that I get compliments on daily! If you find someone who understands curly hair, there is so much more to do with it than we all originally think when coming to terms with our hair.
The blue hair has a great vibrant range to it. That's one of the reasons it looks so great.
The bangs and the leather jacket (oh the photo at the bottom) reminds me of Francois Hardy.
I had the second haircut for years and you end up with a crick neck from constantly tilting your head back in order to look at the person you are speaking to.
HAHAHA! The ultimate metaphor for women's disempowerment through fashion. sacrificing vision???
it definitely looks great in the photo… but jeez, can you imagine getting strands of hair stuck in your eyeball? yuck.
bang bang boogie! Louvin'it like.
When I was 14 I tried to dye my black hair electric blue with Crazy Colour. It took me ages to pluck up the courage but I didn't realise you had to bleach your hair first – duh! I ended up with very soft, shiny still-black hair.
Wow! I want to look like the first lady with the blue hair. All it takes is a great hair-do and a slick of panache. Love it!
When Q magazine had Chrissie Hynde answer questions from readers, one asked how she could ever see anything with her fringe over her eyes. She said (endearingly) that she can't see a thing, and when she's home, she just clips it right back all the time.
I love the fringe in these pictures. The blue hair is perfect with her icy skin. Her coat and purse are also put together well.
I love the blue, esp. paird with a look that manages to combine proto-punk (Johnny Ramone) and sophistication.
"blue is the color of my true love's hair"
I think it makes them look older than they probably are.
I do like the blue tint though.
I have this cut and i love it…very "French" and lovely and i always get a ton of compliments on it.
The haircut is definitely very cool.
But how can you see?! I know…sometimes fashion is not meant to be practical. Who cares if it looks great, right? At least when you get hit by that bus when you cross the road from not being able to see, you look gorgeous!
Seriously, they do look great!
The cuts are totaly fierce! I love it and I totally adore the lady with the Miu Miu Patent Gathered Bag which are so hard to find these days even second hand designer stores are sold out in Hong Kong.
Too bad if you look like that on the Gold Coast (Australia), people would judge you straight away! I guess it's the Gold Coast where everyone are to scared to be different. I totally don't belong here (Gold Coast that is).
LOVE the blue-haired gal. Her hair isn't even just plain blue; it's a mixture of seagreen, turqoise, and a little bit of violet on the crown, I think. It looks fantastic, especially with such a precise cut – every hair is in its place – and her pale skin. She's totally rocking the look with that enigmatic, Mona Lisa ghost of a smile.
If she were to walk down the main city street Queen Street in Auckland, New Zealand everyone would goggle at her and wonder at her daring. Auckland is like the Gold Coast; as kee kee said, it is hard to be different and unique here, especially because NZers have a condition called Tall Poppy Syndrome (basically a fear of standing out from the crowd).
LOL @ Tina's comment about being knocked over by a bus ('cause you can't see where you're going with that kind of haircut). At least your hair will look fabulous in your open casket …
really strong looks…i dont know how this can work in everyday life though….its shouts 'fashion victim' to me…
I must have that handbag!
Bangs are the new botox. Count me in.
Verrrry YSL.
the top girl is katie shillingford, fashion editor at dazed and confused
i wish i could pull of that hair. it's stunning.
to answer questions about bangs = impaired sight…
i have very long bangs and i can see just fine. usually they lay just right so that people can even see my eyes. people often look more dramatic in pictures than in everyday life. keep in mind that the shadows from the bangs in these photographs make the optical area seem darker than it would face to face.
I also have brow bangs, they're the perfect accessory for any outfit.
the blue is amazing.
I love weirdly colored hair when it works. And it works on blue hair chick. It really requires a great cut and so many times you see these girls running around sporting pink or blue hair with grown-out styles. You gotta be chic about it or you look lazy. This lady rocks it. She even rocks something I dislike – 80′s shoulderpads. Yes…they work ON HER. Don't try this at home youngsters.
The bottom girl calls to mind Chrissy Hines' sexy, overgorwn bangs. A great screen to hide behind.
I love both these girls.
The Chrissie Hynde look is baaaack!!
just add her sex-appeal… and there you have it: a great recipe for a goooooorgeous woman!!!
yeah australians tend to dress alike –beach culture…
the 'lady with the blue hair' is katie shillingford from dazed & confused magazine. she used to live with gareth pugh and is one of his muses. she's totally lovely and her hair is constantly changing colours.. and her style is always spot on
The womans of dark visual… It seems one of my! :)
If I could have any bag in the world I would choose that Miu Miu bag.


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POTTSTOWN - Professional Pharmacy in the 900 block of North Charlotte Street was burglarized Thursday morning by unknown suspects who entered the store in an unusual way - through the roof.
Police received a phone call from Greg Fisher, the pharmacy manager, at 1:30 a.m., Pottstown Detective Sgt. Robert Thomas said.
Multiple suspects went through the roof to gain access to the building, Thomas said.
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The suspects exited the pharmacy the same way they entered, Thomas said.
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Microsoft to sell Windows minus browser in Europe
(AP) -- Microsoft Corp. said Thursday it will make a separate version of the Windows 7 computer operating software for Europe that does not include its Internet Explorer Web browser, as it tries to head off another antitrust scuffle with regulators there.
At the same time, Microsoft has left open the possibility that this measure will not satisfy the European Union, which said in January that the software maker's practice of selling Internet Explorer as a part of Windows violates its antitrust rules.
The EU ordered Microsoft to separate the Web surfing software from its PC operating system. The preliminary decision came after a yearlong investigation into complaints from a rival browser maker, Norway's Opera Software ASA, which said Microsoft's practices amounted to an unfair distribution advantage. Since then, Mozilla Corp., which makes the Firefox browser, and Google Inc. have signed on as third parties against Microsoft in the case.
Microsoft's browser is the most widely used worldwide, but Firefox is gaining in popularity and Google, the top Web search provider, has released its own Web browser, Chrome.
Microsoft is hoping to land on regulators' good side this time, after racking up $2.63 billion in fines from a previous antitrust case. The European Commission found the company had violated competition rules by bundling its media player software with Windows and by making it difficult for rivals' programs to communicate with Microsoft's.
The company had already built into Windows 7 a way to disable Internet Explorer, a change that seemed designed to satisfy regulators' concerns. The software maker would not say whether the EU has acknowledged the change.
"We're committed to making Windows 7 available in Europe at the same time it launches in the rest of the world, but we also must comply with European competition law as we launch Windows 7," said Kevin Kutz, a public affairs director for the company, in an e-mailed statement.
Windows 7 is due out on Oct. 22. The Europe-only versions were described earlier by CBS Corp.'s CNET News.
Kutz said Microsoft will give computer makers the option to install IE on Windows 7 computers headed for Europe. It will also give PC users who want the browser a way to obtain it.
In a blog post, Dave Heiner, a deputy general counsel for Microsoft, wrote that the company's decision to split IE and Windows 7 doesn't "preclude the possibility of alternative approaches emerging through commission processes."
He said alternative remedies have been proposed, including pre-installing other browsers in Windows 7, or a screen that would prompt people to choose their browsers from a list of options.
The EU has not yet issued its final decision. Microsoft requested a hearing to respond to the preliminary findings, but the parties could not agree on a date.
Shares of Microsoft added 28 cents to close at $22.83.
©2009 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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