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Chilliwack Townhouses
View all the MLS listings for 2, 3 and 4 bedroom single-family townhouses, duplexes, attached homes, properties and real estate for sale in Chilliwack, BC. You can browse through other areas or dwellings by clicking the menu above. Call Robert McLean today at 604-347-8831 to view any of these listings.
This listing has been hidden or taken down.
Please contact us or visit our chilliwack townhouses page to view our available listings.


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native Skype app for the iPad has finally appeared, opening up your Apple slate for voice and video chatting with others on Macs, PCs or even TVs. It's not listed as an update to the existing iOS app, but as a separate Skype for iPad download that's only shown up in certain countries so far -- at first we couldn't find it on the US iTunes but it finally appeared after some searching. Just like Skype for iPhone, everything works over both WiFi and 3G, but one key difference is the ability to instant message during video calls. Check after the break for the full release notes and the demo video that leaked in June.
Update: So, we've just taken the app for a quick spin via a 3G to WiFi call and it's laid out very nicely -- maintaining the familiarity of its desktop client. Getting a video chat started was quick with acceptably clean audio and mostly consistent video streaming (aside from an occasional freeze-frame). Whether you're in landscape or portrait mode there's access to recent conversations, and you can even start conversations within your current chat; we'd say that the former works out better for getting around, although it does make it hard to stay in frame. Overall it feels like a souped-up version of the iPhone release, and impressions aside, the gallery down below should give you a better look at what to expect.
Update 2: Just as suddenly as it appeared, it has now been yanked from iTunes stores everywhere. A Tweet from the official account says it went live "prematurely" -- your guess is as good as ours as to when it will return.
Update 3: Aaaaand... she's back! Or, at least it sure looks like it. Hopefully for good this time!

subset: commoncrawl


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Home >> Course Descriptions >> College of Business Administration
Introduction to Financial Accounting.
Three semester hours. (FL/SP/SS)
This course provides an introduction to the accounting cycle, the major financial statements (financial position, income, cash flows), valuation of assets and liabilities, and income determination.
Home - General Information - Student Services -
Academic Undergraduate Regulations -
Undergraduate Degrees - Academic Graduate Regulations -
Graduate Degrees - Course Descriptions - Faculty -
Appendix A - Appendix B - Appendix C - Appendix D


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Being a Missouri State Bear is more than just going to college. It's an experience. A journey that starts with a dream and concludes with a new, exciting direction.
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While each one is responsible for his own behaviour, let's not forget that they weren't born like that. There is no system in Pakistan Cricket that teaches you stuff. They pick 16-17 years olds from remote villages and put them in International cricket scene in teams where many guys are involved in some shoddy things. These guys make mistakes and perhaps learn from it.
I think the added responsibility has helped Afridi and he has responded. To come and crap here in a positive thread that he is a cheat and ball tamperer and blah blah blah is obviously trolling.
The notion that Afridi is a great captain is still hard to digest for a lot of people TBF.The image associated with him seems to be permanent - The kid who comes to the street,plays carefree,and will do anything to win,right or wrong.More to do with foolishness than malice IMO.
His development as a player has been remarkable.From a player renowned for his batting,to have become a top drawer bowler with great leadership skills is commendable.People argue that he has not matured but they only look at his batting.Afridi the cricketer has matured tremendously.I think he has all the potential to become one of our greatest captains.He's only 31,and can play on till 2015 atleast.With him incharge,you saw that the whole team was well knit.You didn't see any signs of individualism that have been associated with Pakistan sides of the past.I am a firm believer in the fact that the best of Afridi the captain is yet to come.He's still young at the job,and he will only learn from his mistakes and get better.
Last edited by salman85; 31-03-2011 at 10:37 AM.
I loved the part where he had a light moment with Tendulkar after he was dropped a third time.Pure Class.
marc71178 - President and founding member of AAAS - we don't only appreciate when he does well, but also when he's not quite so good!
Anyone want to join the Society?
Beware the evils of Kit-Kats - they're immoral apparently.
Awfully Silly comment.
It shows good faith from the captain.He could have lashed out at his fielders,or gotten all pissed,which he didn't and kept his composure.The fact that he could share a light moment with Tendulkar should be commended because it diffused an otherwise tense situation within the fielding side.
Last edited by salman85; 31-03-2011 at 11:13 AM.
The one mistake I think Pakistan made tactically was pushing Razzaq ahead of Afridi in the order.
I that was the right move.Razzaq needs time to settle and start hitting.He could have taken that time when he came in.If Razzaq was around,we would have achieved a runrate of 11/12 per over in the powerplay with ease.Afridi on the other hand,will hit from the word go.In the mid 30th overs,Razzaq would be better than Afridi.When the runrate climbs later in the innings,you would need a player who can hit from the word go,where Afridi could have played a part.That was the plan obviously,but no one batted long enough to support Misbah.
Last edited by salman85; 31-03-2011 at 11:17 AM.
I think we're getting a little carried away with Afridi's captaincy here. Yes, he spoke well (though not as well as Salman Butt, ftr and we all know how that ended) but his grip of the plot wilted under pressure.
Continuing bowling Razzaq at the death versus NZ was madness and not taking the batting PP until forced to do so yesterday was baffling too.
For my money Vettori and Sanga have been the best captains this tournament; certainly the most proactive.
Cricket Web's current Premier League Tipping Champion
- As featured in The Independent.
"Rory Burns wafted and whooshed, hit a few, edged a few more and batted at times with all the graceful serenity of a man trying to force his way head-first through a privet hedge." - Barney Ronay on the Surrey opener's maiden test ton
Afridi is very disheartened and dejected, makes himself unavailable for WI tour.
Source: Express News, confirmed by GEO TV Correspondent on PakPassion.
What happened Afridi?
1. Want rest and spend more time with family?
2. Not happy with treatment, stupid comment by Minister?
3. PCB not happy, removed from captaincy?
4. Contemplating future?
5. Akmal Mafia again caused problems, too much politics in the team?
Exactly Dissector.
Staying calm, displaying humor, communicating with the opposition ...these are leadership traits.
Not saying that Afridi is the greatest captain in this WC. The revelation here is in his turnaround. The most difficult team to captain under the most adverse circumstances.
Even in the prev. match vs Australia when he got out hitting the 3rd or 4th ball, he admitted it as being an irresponsible shot under the biggest cricket stage. Very disarming to be so frank and forthright
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Students compete in Math Relays
Tuesday, April 16, 2013 2:00 AM
Pittsburg, KS
Students lined hallways and huddled in corners across the PSU campus Tuesday. They crammed from mathematics textbooks and scribbled on test sheets as for the 45th time, the university's Math Relays got underway.
"My favorite part of the day is the opening in John Lance Arena," said Math Department Chairman Tim Flood. "I love to see the variety of the kids and see their enthusiasm."
Terry Ann Martin, a member of the Math Department faculty, coordinates the event. She said students compete in a wide range of events designed to test their math knowledge. Categories include graphing, algebraic equations and inequalities, analytic geometry, trigonometry, number theory, probability and statistics, and computational math.
"Math can be hard," Flood said, "These are the best math students in their schools and they get to come here and test themselves against the best math students from schools throughout the region."
The top 10 competitors in each of the contest's categories have their names listed in Yates Hall and the top three in each receive medals. The top performers are invited back to campus for Math Honor Day later in the year.


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By Ken K. Green
The Lady Trojan soccer team will play Fayette County for third place in the Trojan Cup tournament this Saturday at 2 p.m. at the Lamar County Middle School soccer field. The Lamar girls split their first two matches in the tournament, beating Northside-Warner Robins before falling to Upson-Lee.
Lady Trojan striker Sydney Tenney (10) blows by a Northside Warner Robins defender on her way to the goal during Trojan Cup soccer play. The Lady Trojans won the match 5-4 on penalty kicks. Lamar plays for third place in their tourney when they match up with Fayette County at 2 p.m. Saturday on the LCMS field. (Photo: Walter Geiger)
Lady Trojans to battle Fayette Co. for third place trophy
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OpenDataSoft Real Time Push API - Libraries
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Pirelli announces F1 Tire choices through Hungary GP
Pirelli today has confirmed the tire choice for the forthcoming British Grand Prix, which is P Zero Silver hard (prime) and P Zero Yellow soft (option) as previously announced a month ago. The Italian company also revealed the choices for the next two grands prix in Germany and Hungary. For ...>


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Records in this category
- Why is my advertiser account ON HOLD?
- Strategic Bidding at 7Search
- 7Search Advertising Rules and Guidelines
- What is a cookie?
- Does 7search offer any tutorial videos to help advertisers get started?
- Can I Create Separate Bids for Mobile Traffic?
- What Countries Get the Most Impressions?
- What Is The Minimum Deposit To Begin Advertising?
- Where Are My Ads Showing Up?
- Who Uses 7search?
- Why Can't I Verify The Code?
- Campaign Assistance Tips
- How Does Click-Free Direct™ Navigation Traffic Differ From Traditional Search Traffic?
- What is a Desktop Search Ad?
- What are Mobile Search Ads?
Can I Create Separate Bids for Mobile Traffic?
Yes. 7Search is currently testing a bid override feature for our mobile traffic originating on both Android and iOS smartphones with full browsers. This feature will provide our advertisers with the ability to:
- Increase bids on mobile traffic by up to 10% - 500%
- Decrease bids on mobile traffic by 10% - 90%
- Create "mobile only" ad campaigns
- Turn off mobile traffic to an existing campaign (not recommended)
We strongly encourage users of this feature to consider testing less profitable mobile sources at a lower price point, rather than disabling all mobile traffic. Blocking all mobile traffic will negatively impact both conversions and ROI for the modified campaigns.
This feature is currently in beta and will be activated for all new 7Search advertising accounts. To activate this feature for your existing 7Search account, please email us at email@example.com today.
For advertisers that have this feature activated, you can adjust your campaigns' override bid for mobile traffic on the Edit Campaign page.
Tags: 7search mobile, block mobile traffic, mobile bids, mobile override, mobile traffic, mobile traffic bids
Related entries:
- How does 7Search protect me (the advertiser) against Click Fraud?
- What Type of Keywords will be Mapped?
- How do I modify my default URL information?
- Why do I need an Authorization Form?
- How do I Update Bids on Existing Keywords?
78802/20%Last update: 2013-07-10 22:05
Author: 7Search Client Support
Revision: 1.5
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My computer is stuck in a rebooting loop when I press the power button. Yesterday I went and bought a new power supply, installed it, and the same thing happened.
I can't find a problem with any of the hardware. I'm currently thinking it's some kind of short in the power button itself. I know of no way to test this and the actual wires are inaccessible.


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Welcome to the Faculty Delegate Assembly
Welcome to the Faculty Delegate Assembly's website. We are keenly interested in your suggestions and updates to this new effort to provide a portal to Hunter College faculty resources. We are especially interested in your ideas for additional resources we can list or link to under the Faculty Matters tab. Please send your suggestions to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Coffee Service for Fall '18 & Spring '19
The FDA is looking for eligible workstudy recipients to work in our lounge starting this September. If you know a trustworthy, responsible, and timely student (undergraduates and graduate students welcome), please shoot us an email (or have the student email us) at firstname.lastname@example.com. We need up to three students that can work in the lounge for at least two semesters. The student(s) would oversee the lounge coffee service by making coffee and tea and laying out cookies for faculty and staff members. The student(s) should be able to work at least two weekdays between the hours of 1:30-6 M-F--no weekends! Your continued help in donations and suggestions is what makes the lounge thrive.
Changes to Coffee Service/Lounge Closings
The lounge will be closed to visitors from July 6th to July 28th, 2018 due to scheduled events in the day and evening.
FDA General Meetings (1203HE; 1:00—3:00)
Fall 2018
Sept 19
Oct 17
Nov 21
Dec 12
Spring 2019
Feb 20
Mar 20
Apr 17
May 15
Dear colleagues
Please circulate this
The budget proposal that is being shaped in the White House promises to eliminate the National Endowment for the Humanities. There are any number of groups such as CREDO which have on line protests. Several professional organizations such as the American Historical Assn have asked members to send letters supporting the Endowment.
The Endowment even survived the Reagan years (by some miracle) and is one of the few areas of federal spending that supports the kinds of scholarship which is not covered by STEM type grants.
NEH summer grants and full year grants provided many CUNY faculty with the means to conduct scholarly work in history, literature, philosophy, religion, linguistics, political science, etc. The NEH has survived politicization (its board in the 1980s. was largely filled with right wing academics) and has supported decades of younger faculty since its creation.
If you can contact your representatives in congress directly, that would be best
Sandi Cooper
professor emerita, History CSI and the GC
former chair, UFS
Dear Colleagues:
Chancellor Milliken released CUNY's Strategic Framework earlier today. Much of what it encompasses we have already seen in the Master Plan. At our most recent UFS Executive Meeting this past Tuesday we discussed a draft version with SVC Rabinowitz and relayed our concerns, amid other feedback, that the document did not specifically state the need for more full-time faculty. While we had numerous comments, we made clear that full time faculty was at the forefront of our concerns.
The Chancellor responded by editing the document to explicitly state the need for more full time faculty.
We have been told that the Strategic Framework is a living document, that it will be reviewed regularly and that feedback is welcome. You can read the document at the link below and leave feedback. I encourage you to read it and comment on it. The Chancellor will attend our February 7th plenary and you will have a further opportunity then to ask questions and provide input.
The Chancellor also taped a segment of Inside City Hall with NY1 host Errol Louis earlier today, which will air at 10 pm this evening and will be available for viewing later at
More to come...on the budget and other issues. I look forward to seeing you on the 7th.
Dr. Katherine M. Conway
Business Management Department
Borough of Manhattan Community College
City University of New York
Fiterman Hall, Office 730H
245 Greenwich Street
New York, NY 10007
Draft of SAS bylaws and supplementary documents as well as meeting dates to discuss
SAS Bylaws Preliminary Draft
Summary of Preliminary Draft
Proposed SAS Governance Structure
Meeting Dates/Times:
Wednesday November 16: 10:30am-12pm in B126 Hunter West
Thursday November 17: 12-1:30pm in B126 Hunter West
Tuesday November 22: 1:30-3pm in B126 Hunter West
2016 FDA Executive Committe
President: John Wallach (Political Science)
- John Wallach is a classically trained political theorist (Ph.D. in Politics, Program in Political Philosophy from Princeton University, 1981) attuned to historical, contemporary, and practical issues in political thought. He mostly teaches courses in ancient and contemporary political theory, focusing on political ethics, democratic theory, and the political theory of human rights. Before coming to Hunter in 1991, Wallach was a Visiting Assistant Professor at Yale University and Vassar College. His publications include The Platonic Political Art: A Study of Critical Reason and Democracy (Penn State Press, 2001); a co-edited volume (with J. Peter Euben and Josiah Ober), Athenian Political Thought and the Reconstruction of American Democracy (Cornell, 1994.) Currently, he is finishing a book of historical and theoretical studies on democracy and the good. Wallach has been a Liberal Arts Fellow in Political Science at Harvard Law School (1998-1999), recipient of a NEH Fellowship for College and University Teachers (2003-2004), and Director of a NEH Institute for College & University Teachers at The Graduate Center (Summer, 2006), on the subject of "Human Rights in Conflict: Interdisciplinary Perspective
Vice-President: Jochen Albrecht (Geography)
- Jochen is an associate professor in the Geography Department. He joined Hunter College in 2005 and has been a member of the Hunter as well as the University Faculty Senate for the past six years. Following his interests, he serves on numerous committees both at the Hunter and the CUNY level (assessment, scholarly communications, computing/IT, educational technologies, etc.). He is an active researcher with 50 peer-reviewed publications and twenty years of teaching experience, including increasingly hybrid and online courses. He is running for a position on the FDA Executive Committee because he is concerned about the constant encroachment on the role of faculty at Hunter and CUNY and feel that the FDA needs all the support it can get to strengthen faculty representation.
Secretary: Debbie Sonu (Curriculum and Teaching)
- Debbie Sonu is Assistant Professor in the Department of Curriculum and Teaching at Hunter College and doctoral faculty in the Urban Education Program at the Graduate Center, City University of New York. Her research interests include curriculum theory and practice as it relates to urban schooling and social justice pedagogies in the United States. She has served as department representative and secretary-elect for the FDA since 2009.
Committee Members:
Peter Dudek (Art)
- Peter Dudek is an artist. He has been an Adjunct Associate Professor in the Hunter College Art Department since 1990 where he has taught Sculpture, Drawing, Art & Current Ideas, Graduate Seminar and a Seminar in Public Art. At Hunter he has also curated several exhibitions including: Dead-Fit Beauty, Photasm and Architecture, Architecture, Architecture.
Information about his art works, curating and writing can be found on www.peterdudek.com.
He is the Founder of the Adjunct Drinking Association, and has been active in the union concerning adjunct issues.
Past teaching experiences include the School of Visual Arts and Haverford College.
Berndatte McCauley (History)
- Bernadette McCauley is a member of the history department and teaches the U.S. survey and courses in immigration history and the history of medicine and social welfare. She serves on the Thomas Hunter Faculty Council, is a member at-large of the College Senate and has been Secretary and President of the Faculty Delegate Assembly. She graduated from Hunter College where she majored in history, received her PhD at Columbia University and was a postdoctoral fellow at the Center for American Religion at Princeton. Her research focuses on the history of women religious and the history of caretaking and medicine; her current work examines the spirituality of American Catholic women and the paths that brought women to the religious life through the 1960's.
Barry Zimmerman (Chemistry)
The results of the FDA report on hiring practices is now available.
The FDA passsed the following resolutions at its meeting on November 18th. The first concerns promotion to full Professor and the second to the COACHE survey.
The Faculty Delegate Assembly recognized discussion in the college regarding personnel procedures in consideration of promotion to full Professor. We encourage the college to proceed to follow the promotional schedule published by the Office of the Provost and consistent with the Charter of the college.
Be it resolved that the Faculty Delegate Assembly requests that the Hunter College Senate establish an ad hoc committee to obtain and review both qualitative and quantitative data and to report to the faculty body no later than the end of the 2015--2016 academic year.
Recent Events and Issues:
- Link to the Office of Research Administration's Alert regarding Important Proposal and Award Management Information, August 14, 2015.
- Link to the most recent edition of the Faculty Voice.
- Link the updated protocols for use of Hunter-L, passed by the Hunter Senate, May 2013.
- Link to read the UFS crafted policy statement on the assigning of faculty-published texts.
- Link to Instrumentation Summary of the COACHE Faculty Job Satisfaction Survey.
- To renew your free NY Times digital subscription, please follow this link.


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Designers: Tammy Johnson and Avis Shirer of Joined at the Hip
2/3 yard of solid tan (appliqué foundations)
3/8 yard of green print (stem, leaf appliqués)
9—4" squares of assorted pink prints (flower appliqués)
1/8 yard of light yellow print (flower center appliqués)
3/4 yard of solid brown (sashing)
1/2 yard of pink stripe (sashing)
1/2 yard of dark red print (sashing, inner border)
1 yard of brown print (outer border, binding)
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Finished flower block: 6x10"
Finished sashing block: 3" square
Quantities specified for 44/45"-wide, 100% cotton fabrics. All measurements include a 1/4" seam allowance. Sew with right sides together unless otherwise stated.


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- Home
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First, I would like to take this opportunity to thank Carolina Gateway and The Lancaster News for their support of the alcohol sales in restaurants on Sundays in Lancaster County.
Secondly, a big thank you to the residents of Lancaster County who have come out in the early stages to support this initiative. So many people have stepped up to the plate to assist with posting petitions, posting signs, getting signatures and assisting with the logging in of the petitions, but we still need your help.
If you currently subscribe or have subscribed in the past to the Carolina Gateway, then simply find your account number on your mailing label and enter it below.
Click the question mark below to see where your account ID appears on your mailing label.
If you are new to the award winning Carolina Gateway and wish to get a subscription or simply gain access to our online content then please enter your ZIP code below and continue to setup your account.
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30 more bullets for your PCs to use or face in combat.
A culture has a tradition of wearing animal pelts as a sign of status or job. Carpenters might wear beaver skins, Masons have a moleskin hood to their cloak, Gaurdsmen might have badger pelts. Done to show the culture's respect for nature and how much of nature is equal to each other.


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Recently on view at The Shanghai Museum, The Ancient Olympic Games, a loan exhibition from the British Museum's collections transports the viewer to Olympia and provides a tour of not only the competition grounds but also of the religious sanctuary with its many temples and shrines. The religious dimension of the Olympic Games is stressed with a selection of objects focusing on the Greek gods. The super athlete and hero Herakles, founder of the Games, is also featured.
The British Museum has selected more than 110 items for the exhibition, including sculptures, pottery, goldware, bronzeware, coins and medals, and the world-renowned marble sculpture Discobolus (The Discus Thrower) which has never been on loan before. This famous sculpture was the symbol of the 1948 London Olympic Games and has since taken an iconic status.
Throughout the exhibition, Greek athletics provide an opportunity to look at Greek social attitudes, especially the role of women, and to focus on the human body, which in art is much more diverse than the ideal male form associated with the ancient Greeks.
In this Olympic year, The Ancient Olympic Games is on view at the Hong Kong Heritage Museum in Sha Tin (Hong Kong) where the 2008 Olympic equestrian events will be held.
Hong Kong Heritage Museum1 Man Lam RoadSha TinHong Kong


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Controllership — Problems or Opportunities?
by GORDON L. MURRAY Partner, Executive Office
Presented before the Steering Committee of Controllers, The May Department Stores Company, Hartford, Connecticut—March 1969
WE most certainly live in fascinating times—times producing tre-mendous achievements and monumental problems, both of them at ever accelerating rates. This increased velocity of change, both good and bad, is no doubt one of the fundamental factors characterizing our times. Change can be highly disturbing or highly exhilarating, depending on your disposition. Change can be viewed as a problem or as an opportunity,
depending on the particular point of view you elect to adopt. To equate the term "change" with the term "problem" is to miss all the fun, so I elect to speak to the matter of "change" in terms of the "opportunities"
it affords.
Many of the changes occurring that affect management—and the controller as a part of, and as a contributor to, management—are described
as great new breakthroughs in management approaches, computer and information technology, and all the rest. From where I have the opportunity to view these developments, such assertions merely serve to confuse rather than clarify—and as a consultant to management I don't get paid for adding to the confusion.
Nowadays we find considerable attention being devoted to so-called "scientific management"—to an interest in applying to the business organism the approaches and techniques found successful in the physical and behavioral sciences. We find computer technicians, operations researchers,
mathematical scientists, information specialists, and all manner of new types emerging on the business scene with educational and experience
backgrounds in many fields unrelated to business or to management. Coincidental with these developments are new and unfamiliar—or even undefined—terminology: Systems Analysis; the Systems Approach; Information
Technology; Management Science; Operations Research; Management Information Systems; and a host of others.


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Listen to the latest Focus On Food interview with renowned biodynamic beekeeper Gunther Hauk via instituteofurbanecology.org
Gunther Hauk Interview by Focus on Food
Flash Mob: National Honey Bee Day Waggle Dance
On August 17th HoneyLovers, beekeepers and honey bee enthusiasts across the country celebrated National Honey Bee Day to honor nature's hardest working insect, and HoneyLove decided to celebrate with a Waggle Dance Flash Mob. We choreographed a routine and invited everyone to participate in person or by uploading a video. Special THANK YOU goes out to LUSH Cosmetics and all who joined in the festivities to help make it the best National Honey Bee Day EVER!!!
MUSIC: "When You're Smiling" by the Leftover Cuties: http://goo.gl/eiGBR
Subscribe to our YouTube Channel HERE: http://full.sc/MRAY21
This Week in News features HoneyLove.org and National Honey Bee Day!
THIS WEEK IN NEWS via James Rojas
National Honey Bee Day, 2013, Santa Monica. August 17th is National Honey Bee Day & a local non-profit organization, HoneyLove, celebrated in Santa Monica to help spread the message of how important it is to help bees.
List of Foods We Will Lose if We Don't Save the Bees
By: Christina Sarich, Natural Society.
Many pesticides have been found to cause grave danger to our bees, and with the recent colony collapses in Oregon, it's time to take a hard look at what we would be missing without bee pollination.
In just the last ten years, over 40% of the bee colonies in the US have suffered Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD). Bees either become so disoriented they can't find their way back to their hives and die away from home, or fly back poison-drunk and die at the foot of their queen. There are many arguments as to what is causing CCD, but the most logical and likely culprit is the increased usage of pesticides by the likes of Monsanto and others.
A study by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has labeled one pesticide, called clothianidin, as completely unacceptable for use, and banned it from use entirely. Meanwhile, the U.S. uses the same pesticide on more than a third of its crops – nearly 143 million acres. Two more pesticides linked to bee death are imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam. These are also used extensively in the US, while elsewhere, they have been taken out of circulation.
Recently, the FDA also seized Terrence Ingram's bees, a naturalist who had been studying bees for over 30 years, and had a colony that was resistant to Monsanto's Round Up. Ingram's prized hives, along with their queens, were destroyed by the FDA, and Ingram was given no warning that his bees would be demolished.
List of Crop Plants Pollinated by Bees
While we don't need bees to pollinate every single crop, here is just a brief list of some of the foods we would lose if all our bees continue to perish:
- Apples
- Mangos
- Rambutan
- Kiwi Fruit
- Plums
- Peaches
- Nectarines
- Guava
- Rose Hips
- Pomegranites
- Pears
- Black and Red Currants
- Alfalfa
- Okra
- Strawberries
- Onions
- Cashews
- Cactus
- Prickly Pear
- Apricots
- Allspice
- Avocados
- Passion Fruit
- Lima Beans
- Kidney Beans
- Adzuki Beans
- Green Beans
- Orchid Plants
- Custard Apples
- Cherries
- Celery
- Coffee
- Walnut
- Cotton
- Lychee
- Flax
- Acerola – used in Vitamin C supplements
- Macadamia Nuts
- Sunflower Oil
- Goa beans
- Lemons
- Buckwheat
- Figs
- Fennel
- Limes
- Quince
- Carrots
- Persimmons
- Palm Oil
- Loquat
- Durian
- Cucumber
- Hazelnut
- Cantaloupe
- Tangelos
- Coriander
- Caraway
- Chestnut
- Watermelon
- Star Apples
- Coconut
- Tangerines
- Boysenberries
- Starfruit
- Brazil Nuts
- Beets
- Mustard Seed
- Rapeseed
- Broccoli
- Cauliflower
- Cabbage
- Brussels Sprouts
- Bok Choy (Chinese Cabbage)
- Turnips
- Congo Beans
- Sword beans
- Chili peppers, red peppers, bell peppers, green peppers
- Papaya
- Safflower
- Sesame
- Eggplant
- Raspberries
- Elderberries
- Blackberries
- Clover
- Tamarind
- Cocoa
- Black Eyed Peas
- Vanilla
- Cranberries
- Tomatoes
- Grapes
If one of your favorites is on this list, you should consider becoming a bee activist.
[read original post via realnews24.com]
The Trouble with Beekeeping in the Anthropocene
by Bryan Walsh via science.time.com
The beepocalypse is on the cover of TIME, but it looks like managed honeybees will still pull through. Wild bees—and wild species in general—won't be so lucky in a human-dominated planet.
I've written this week's cover story for the magazine, on the growing threat to honeybees. You can read it (with a subscription) over here. The short version: beginning nearly a decade ago, honeybees started dying off at unusually and mysteriously high rates—this past winter, nearly one-third of U.S. honeybee colonies died or disappeared. At first this appeared due to something called colony collapse disorder (CCD); hives would be abandoned without warning, with bees seemingly leaving honey and intact wax behind. The apocalyptic nature of CCD—some people really thought the disappearance of the bees indicated that the Rapture was nigh—grabbed the public's attention. More recently, beekeepers have been seeing fewer cases of CCD proper, but honeybees keep dying and bees keep collapsing. That's bad for our food system—bees add at least $15 billion in crop value through pollination in the U.S. alone, and if colony losses keep up, those pollination demands may not be met and valuable crops like almonds could wither.
More than the bottom line for grocery stores, though, the honeybee's plight alarms us because a species that we have tended and depended on for thousands of years is dying—and we don't really know why. Tom Theobald, a beekeeper and blogger who has raised the alarm about CCD, put that fear this way: "The bees are just the beginning."
But while we don't now we exactly what causes CCD or why honeybees are dying in larger numbers, we do know the suspects: pesticides, including the newer class of neonicotinoids that seem to affect bees even at very low levels; biological threats like the vampiric Varroa mite; and the lack of nutrition thanks to monocultures of commodity crops like wheat and corn, which offer honeybees little in the way of the pollen they need to survive. Most likely, bee deaths are due to a mix of all of those menaces acting together—pesticides and lack of food might weaken honeybees, and pests like Varroa could finish them off, spreading diseases the bees don't have the strength to resist. Unfortunately, that means there's no simple way to save the honeybees either. Simply banning, say, neonicotinoids might take some of the pressure off honeybees, but most scientists agree it wouldn't solve the problem. (And getting rid of neonicotinoids would have unpredictable consequences for agriculture—the pesticides were adopted in part because they are considered safer for mammals, including human beings.) Honeybees are suffering because we've created a world that is increasingly inhospitable to them.
Still, for all the alarm, honeybees are likely to pull through. As I point out in the magazine piece, beekeepers have mostly managed to replace lost colonies, though at a cost high enough that some long-time beekeepers are getting out of the business altogether. Beekeepers are buying new queens and splitting their hives, which cuts into productivity and honey production, but keeps their colony numbers high enough to so far meet pollination demands. They're adding supplemental feed—often sugar or corn syrup—to compensate for the lack of wild forage. The scientific and agricultural community is engaged—see Monsanto's recent honeybee summit, and the company's work on a genetic weapon against the Varroa mite. Randy Oliver, a beekeeper and independent researcher, told me that he could see honeybees becoming a feedlot animal like pigs or chickens, bred and kept for one purpose and having their food brought to them, rather than foraging in the semi-wild way they live now. That sounds alarming—and it's not something anyone in the beekeeping industry would like to see—but it's also important to remember that honeybees themselves aren't exactly natural, especially in North America, where they were imported by European settlers in the 17th century. As Hannah Nordhaus, the author of the great book A Beekeeper's Lament, has written, honeybees have always been much more dependent on human beings than the other way around.
(MORE: Behind the Bee's Knees: The Origins of Nine Bee-Inspired Sayings)
The reality is that honeybees are very useful to human beings, and species that are very useful to us—think domesticated animals and pets—tend to do OK in the increasingly human-dominated world we call the Anthropocene. But other wild species aren't so lucky—and that includes the thousands of species of wild bees and other non-domesticated pollinators. Bumblebees have experienced recent and rapid population loss in the U.S., punctuated by a mass pesticide poisoning in Oregon this past June that led to the deaths of some 50,000 bumblebees. A 2006 report by the National Academies of Science concluded that the populations of many other wild pollinators—especially wild bees—was trending "demonstrably downward." The threats are much the same ones faced by managed honeybees: pesticides, lack of wild forage, parasites and disease. The difference is that there are thousands of human beings who make it their business to care for and prop up the populations of honeybees. No one is doing the same thing for wild bees. The supposed beepocalypse is on the cover of TIME magazine, but "you don't hear about the decline of hundreds of species of wild bees," says Jennifer Sass, a senior scientist at the Natural Resources Defense Council.
That's meant almost literally—we don't hear them anymore. The plight of the bees illustrates our outsized influence on the this planet as we reshape it—consciously and not—to meet our immediate needs. But just because we have this power doesn't mean we fully understand it, or our impact on our own world. We are a species that increasingly has omnipotence without omniscience. That's a dangerous combination for the animals and plants that share this planet with us. And eventually, it will be dangerous for us, too.
[Read original post via science.time.com]
Join us August 17th for National Honey Bee Day!
Learn the WAGGLE DANCE and send it to us to bee in our compilation video!!
Wanna Save Bees? Kill Your Front Lawn
In Kentucky, Project Pollinator is replacing grass with native flowers—and the early results for bees have been very promising.
The prairies, sloughs and forests of the great North American continent are home to a dazzling array of flowering plants that nourish pollinators from bees to butterflies and hummingbirds (like a green beauty, probably a ruby-throated hummingbird, I saw feeding from a purple coneflower this weekend in my relative's otherwise grass-dominated backyard in Indianapolis).
But in case you hadn't noticed, humans have the unfortunate habit of replacing these environs with crop fields and lawns. Perfect, manicured, American lawns.
Both cornfields and lawns are examples of monocultures, swaths of land made up of identical species that provide little food and habitat for native pollinators. They are, in a way, wastelands for pollinators, as pointed out in a story at Scientific American.
These beds of ubiquitous green blades, especially when sprayed with herbicides, offer virtually nothing to bees and other creatures on the hunt for food. Even when grasses are allowed to flower—which isn't often, since unruly lawns are frowned upon and can decrease property values—most grasses are wind-pollinated and don't need these animals to carry on their sessile lives.
However, many people are beginning to question the wisdom of the all-encompassing green lawn, and turf is increasingly being replaced by flowering native plants to help pollinators and for aesthetic value. (They also require less maintenance.)
One initiative, called Project Pollinator, is replacing grass with native flowers in Kentucky. Emily Dobbs, a graduate student at the University of Kentucky, and colleagues have planted swaths of indigenous blooms at five golf courses in the state. The project, in its second year, is already having an impact, Dobbs said.
When they began the surveys on turf-dominated ground, the researchers mostly came across a single species of honeybee, besides bumblebees and sweat bees. But now, after introducing eight to 16 native species, Dobbs has found about eight bumblebee species, two dozen species of small solitary species like miner and diggers bees, and butterflies, she said. In the fall they will finalize their recommendation as to what mixture of native plants brings in the most indigenous insects.
"We've seen much more diversity on samples we've taken from the Operation Pollinator plot than in surveys of turf," Dobbs added.
Thanks to the project, the Marriot, which owns many golf courses, has decided to place native flowers on half of its East Coast courses, according to Scientific American.
For people who want to replace their grass lawns with native plants, "two of the most useful online resources are the websites of The Xerces Society, a nonprofit organization devoted to the conservation of invertebrates, and the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, a research unit of the University of Austin Texas dedicated to native plants,"Scientific American reports.
Most states also have extension offices, run by their land grant universities, which can recommend native plants to buy.
About one-third of the major industrial crops are also pollinated by bees and other insects. (Such is not the case with wheat and corn, which are mostly wind-pollinated.) Besides flowers cropping up along plots of turf, demand for native crops, pollinated by indigenous insects, has grown, Dobbs said. These include native squash, alfalfa, cranberries and blueberries, Dobbs said.
Supporting locally-grown foods also helps conserve native pollinators.
One contributor to the recent decline of honeybees may be the lack of diversity found in monocultures, research suggests. But this decline also highlights the importance of maintaining populations of local pollinators, many of which are indeed important for engaging in the dance of pollination that allows farmers to put bread (or cranberries) on the table.
So what are you waiting for? Add some flowers to that lawn. The bees will thank you.
[read original post via takepart.com]
The Plight of the Honeybee
[via time.com]
Mass deaths in bee colonies may mean disaster for farmers–and your favorite foods
You can thank the Apis mellifera, better known as the Western honeybee, for 1 in every 3 mouthfuls you'll eat today. Honeybees — which pollinate crops like apples, blueberries and cucumbers — are the "glue that holds our agricultural system together," as the journalist Hannah Nordhaus put it in her 2011 book The Beekeeper's Lament. But that glue is failing. Bee hives are dying off or disappearing thanks to a still-unsolved malady called colony collapse disorder (CCD), so much so that commercial beekeepers are being pushed out of the business.
So what's killing the honeybees? Pesticides — including a new class called neonicotinoids — seem to be harming bees even at what should be safe levels. Biological threats like the Varroa mite are killing off colonies directly and spreading deadly diseases. As our farms become monocultures of commodity crops like wheat and corn — plants that provide little pollen for foraging bees — honeybees are literally starving to death. If we don't do something, there may not be enough honeybees to meet the pollination demands for valuable crops. But more than that, in a world where up to 100,000 species go extinct each year, the vanishing honeybee could be the herald of a permanently diminished planet.
How Fast Can a Honey Bee Fly?
[via ucanr.edu]
We captured these photos today of a honey bee nectaring on catmint (genus Nepeta). The bee was moving fast. To blur the wings, we set the shutter speed at 1/640 of a second with an f-stop of 13 and IS0 of 800.
But just how fast can a honey bee fly?
Its wings beat 230 times every second, according to Douglas Altshuler, a researcher at California Institute of Technology who co-authored research, "Short-Amplitude High-Frequency Wing Strokes Determine the Aerodynamics of Honeybee Flight," published in December 2005 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
"The honey bees have a rapid wing beat," he told LiveScience in an interview published in January 2006. "In contrast to the fruit fly that has one-eightieth the body size and flaps its wings 200 times each second, the much larger honeybee flaps its wings 230 times every second."
"And this was just for hovering," Altshuler said. "They also have to transfer pollen and nectar and carry large loads, sometimes as much as their body mass, for the rest of the colony."
The Hive and the Honey Bee, the "Bible" of beekeeping, indicates that a bee's flight speed averages about 15 miles per hour and they're capable of flying 20 miles per hour.
If they're not carrying nectar, pollen, water or propolis (plant resin), they'll fly much faster!
[read original article via ucanr.edu]
Top 30 Flowers For Bees
[Article via naturalcuresnotmedicine.com / Photo by HoneyLove.org]
Bees are vital. Without them, pollination of crops doesn't occur. Bees work tirelessly to provide us with our food, but are struggling in the wild. In recent years it has become apparent that bees, not just the honeybee, are under threat and some have already gone extinct. Find out on this lens which flowers to grow for pollen and nectar that will feed them and help them to increase their numbers. Insects and plants must now be taken care of by gardeners if they are to survive.The private garden is now a better place than the countryside for wildlife, since much agricultural land is now devoid of the diversity of flowers insects need to give them their 'five a day'. It is now thought by scientists in the field that insects need as much variety in their food as we do to get all the trace minerals and vitamins to keep them healthy, so go on, plant flowers for the bees!
HA= Hardy annual
HHA =Half hardy annual
P = Perennial
HB= Hardy biennial
HS= Hardy shrub
· 1
Cosmos (HHA) is an annual flower easily raised from seed. It's also one of the very best for the bee. Grow it in groups, making the collection of pollen easier for the bees, who won't have to fly as far to find their food. Cosmos grows 2-5ft tall, the majority reaching about 2ft. It's from Mexico, so a half hardy annual. Plant out after all danger of frost has passed, and deadhead to keep them flowering continuously through the summer. These open, flat flowers will delight you as well as giving the bees a feast.
· 2
Aster (HHA) 'Compostion' or Michaelmass Daisies. Many modern hybrids have little or no pollen. easy to grow, colorful and late summer to autumn flowering, they provide food late in the season. Important if honeybees are to be well fed to get through the winter months.
· 3
Sunflowers (HA) are a great choice, available in many heights and colours to suit your garden space. Choose yellow or orange over red, which bees don't like. Varieties exist now for the allergic gardener, containing no pollen. Obviously avoid these when wishing to attract bees.
· 4
Calendulas or marigolds (HA) are great for bees, especially the original single flowered pot marigold. Dead head regularly for a longer flowering period.
· 5
Primulas. (HP) The native primrose, (primula vulgaris), primulas of all kinds, even the drumstick ones are great early food for bees. Cowslips (primula veris) are also good members of this extensive family of perennial plants.
· 6
Rudbekia (HHA) are an extensive group of cone flowers from the aster family. A wide variety of heights, mostly available in yellows and oranges, sure to brighten your border and feed bees. There are also a few hardy perennial ones, of which 'Goldsturn' is my personal favourite. All are easy to grow from seed.
· 7
Scabious or cornflowers (HA), another aster family member, are mostly blue flowered and bees adore them. Dead-headed regularly, they'll flower all summer long.
· 8
Lavender (HHS) There are plenty of lavenders to choose from, all needing plenty of sun and well drained soil, but they'll reward you with plenty of fragrant flowers for cutting and drying. Just watch them get smothered in bees when they come into flower.
· 9
Bluebells (bulb) Another early food supply. Just a note of caution for UK growers. The native English bluebell in now under threat from the Spanish bluebell, which outcompetes and crosses with it. So please ensure you are planting the native bluebell to ensure you don't endanger a bluebell woodland near you.
· 10
Hellebores (HP) The Christmas rose! A lovely flower to have in your garden from late winter to early spring, this plant will tolerate some shade and moist conditions, though not wet. When bees emerge from hibernation they need food fast. This one gives them a snack when there's little else around.
· 11
Clematis (Perennial climber) The majority of clematis will provide pollen, and I've watched bees happily moving from flower to flower gathering their crop. Always plant clematis deeper than they were in the container, as this gives more protection against cleamits wilt. These plants are hungry and thirsty, so add good compost to the planting hole. They also like their roots in the cool and heads in the sun, so once planted I place either a thick mulch or a pile of stones or gravel around their roots, keeping them cool and conserving moisture.
· 12
Crocus (bulb) Early flowering, plenty to choose from, and planted in the autumn to flower year after year. These are great value and cheer me up as well as the bees!
· 13
Mint (HP), especially water mint, is loved by bees. It's great in your cooking, too. Easy to grow, it can be a bit of a thug, so either grow it in a container or prevent its escape around the garden by burying a bucket (with holes in the bottom for drainage) and plant your mint into that.
· 14
Rosemary (HHS) A mediterranean herb, rosemary likes well drained soild and full sun. It flowers around April/May. A great culinary herb, bees will take advantage of the pollen as long as you prune it correctly. This is best done straight after flowering, as most of the flowers will appear on new wood. Don't prune rosemary back to old, bare wood as these are not likely to regrow. Depending on where you live and soil conditions, rosemary can be short lived, so take some cuttings each year so you can replace the old plant should it dsie or become too leggy.
· 15
Thyme (H to HHS)) There are now quite a few varieties available, tasting slightly different to each other eg lemon thyme. However, I've noticed that the wild thyme (thymus serpyllum) attracts a lot of bee visitors and tends to flower more profusely. But they are all worth growing. Give them the same growing conditions as rosemary and lavender.
· 16
Hebe (HH-HS) This extensive group of shrubs have wonderful flowers for bees. Plenty of pollen, all on one flower and plenty of flowers on one shrub. They vary in height, are mosly blue or pink and tolerate most soils. They dislike too much wet, so a well drained soil is best. Water well, though, until established.
· 17
Borage, the bee herb. (HA) Borage is blue flowered, simple to grow and in fact one type grows wild in the UK, though originally from Syria. Easy, prolific and the bees love it.
· 18
Echinacea, the cone flower. (HP) Now available in a variety of colours, all of which will attract bees. Echinacea Tennesseensis will attract birds, bees and butterflies.
· 19
Mignotette. There are HA, HHA and Perennial members of this family. They are sweetly scented and will attract and feed your bees, especially Reseda lutea.
· 20
Thrift, or Sea Pink (HP) is a great plant for a rock garden, trough or wall. Holding its bright pink flowers well above the grass-like foliage, it will cheer your garden and make the bees come back for more! Give it well drained condiitons and lots of sun.
· 21
Sedums are also excellent plants for rock gardens and walls… Biting stonecrop and English stonecrop (sedums acre and anglicum) are natives, and great for bees.
· 22
Sweet Williams (Dianthus barbatus) (HB) are fantastic flowers for bees. An old cottage garden favourite, bees are attracted to the pink or white flowers and we love the perfume! They are members of the dianthus family, as are Pinks and Carnations, all of which are good for the bees.
· 23
Monarda (Bergamot) (HP) This is the herb that flavours Earl Grey tea, but the bees love its flowers for pollen and nectar. Its folk name in the Uk is bee balm. It likes a moist but not wet soil and can cope with a bit of shade. Share it with the bees! Bergamot tea is a herbal treat in itself. Just pour boiling water on the leaves and allow about ten minutes before drinking.
· 24
Cornflower (HA) Easy to grow, cheap and cheerful, cornflowers are another cottage garden favourite. Thier blue flowers act like a bee magnet. Grow in as large a group as you have the space for. This makes it easier for the bees to spot them and saves them flying around more than necessary. It's easy to save seed from one year to the next, too.
· 25
Poppies (HA-HP) All poppies are attractive to bees, and are laden with pollen in nice open flowers. Very easy to grow, especially the annual kinds, and easy to save seeds to sow next year. Enjoy their delicate petals while your bees enjoy a feast.
· 26
Verbena Bonariensis (HP) a tall, delicate looking perennial with purple/mauve flowers that add a tropical feel to your borders. This is easy to grow from seed and sown early enough will flower in its first year. One not to do without!
· 27
Snapdragons (Antirrhinum) (HHA) Plenty of choice in heights and colours. Have you ever watched a bee enter and leave a snapdragon? Their weight pulls the lower part of the petal down so they can get inside for their food, and you can hear them buzzing while they are in there. Lovely to watch.
· 28
Ageratum (HHA) Easy to grow, with heads of blue flowers and another member of the compositae family, so lots of food on one flower head. This is one of my favorite annuals in the garden. Just don't plant out until all danger of frost has passed and dead head for more flowers.
· 29
Echinops (globe thistle) (HP) This lovely blue thistle is very ornamental, even when not in flower, standing about 36? tall. Bees and butterflies love the flowers which provide plenty of nectar. Easy to grow from seed and will come back year after year.
· 30
Digitalis (foxglove) (HB) Foxgloves make great food for bees. As they are poisonous, protect children from them and handle wearing gloves. As long as these precautions are taken these are wonderful plants for the garden and the bees. A woodland plant, they're useful for a shady spot.
[read original post via naturalcuresnotmedicine.com]
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Portrait of Adam Smith
The Warren J. Samuels
Portrait Collection
at Duke University.
Why Economics?
"There is no such thing as a free lunch."
"Economics, once considered one of the more difficult subjects for undergraduates to grasp, is the top major at Harvard, Princeton, Columbia, Stanford and the Universities of Pennsylvania and Chicago; second at Brown, Yale and the University of California at Berkley; and third at Cornell and Dartmouth."
"Economics, Once a Perplexing Subject, Is Enjoying a Bull Run at Universities,"
by Tristan Mabry, Staff Reporter
The Wall Street Journal
One way or another, economic forces affect every individual at some level, and thus an understanding of economics helps individuals cope with and adapt to the rapidly changing local, national, and global marketplaces. Why? The economic way of thinking is analytical, clear, concise, and rigorous. People with training in economics are good at problem solving because they learn to identify problems, to specify alternative solutions, to determine what data are relevant, and to objectively weigh costs and benefits in making decisions.
Economics at UAS
At the University of Alaska Southeast, economics students study the same core micro and macro theory and statistical theory that students attending any other institution study. The benefit to economics study at UAS is the small class size and individual attention that students receive.
Careers in Economics
There are ample employment opportunities for those who receive a Bachelor of Arts in Social Science with an emphasis in economics because the analytical skills of economics study are useful in the public sector as well as the private sector. Such a degree is an excellent background for careers in banking, real estate, litigation analysis, planning, government, bond trading, financial analysis, teaching and a host of other employment opportunities.
An economics background is also excellent preparation for graduate study in economics, law, business, and international relations. For example, many law schools believe economics provides one of the best backgrounds for success in legal studies, because of the logical, analytical way of thinking it teaches. Many graduate business schools prefer that their students have a broad liberal arts background, which an economics emphasis provides. Also, a considerable portion of the MBA program is based on economics. Financial theory, for example, is largely applied microeconomics. Students with good backgrounds in economics are clearly at an advantage in many MBA programs.
Course Work
Primary Concentration Area (24-25 credits)
Principles of Economics I: Macroeconomics
Principles of Economics II: Microeconomics
Research Methods in Social Science
Intermediate Microeconomic Theory
Intermediate Macroeconomic Theory
ECON S___ Electives (At least 9 credits must be upper division 12-13
Secondary Concentration Area (15-16 credits)
Principles of Economics I: Macroeconomics
Principles of Economics II: Microeconomics
ECON S___ Electives (At least 6 credits must be upper division) 9-10


text:
Silver Glen #1 - Limited Edition
Silver Glen #1 - Limited Edition
A lone west Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) swims in the warm light of sunset in Florida's Silver Glen Spring.
(c) William Hughes / www.WHughesStudio.com
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Because decor is a matter of personal taste and variable, all limited edition prints come unframed and unmatted. This gives the collector the widest possible range of options when selecting display options. If you prefer, for an additional fee I am happy to mat and frame your print for you. When you choose this option I will use a wide, natural white mat, and a black, gallery style frame.
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Cosmetic Materials: Their Origin, Characteristics, Uses and Dermatological Action
Chemical Publishing Company, 1963 - Cosmetics - 803 pages
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0-5 per cent Acid value alkali aluminium ammonium aqueous solution B.P. Standard beaker boiling buyer calcium carbon certified colours require Chemical Properties chlorides and sulphates chloroform colourless concentrated containing cosmetic creams Dermatological Dermatological Action dilute dissolved distilled water dye as determined employed emulsifying ester ethanol fatty acids filter flask following specification Formula glycerin glycol hair heat hydrochloric acid iodine value liquid lotions magnesium matter at 135 melting point methyl million maximum mixture Molecular Weight Occurrence or Manufacture palmitic acids Physical and Chemical potassium powder precipitate primary irritant pure dye reagent refractive index Regulations for certified salt sample saponification value skin slightly soluble soap sodium hydroxide soluble soluble in water solvent Specific gravity stearate stearic acid substance sulphuric acid Synonyms T.G.A. Method temperature titanium trichloride titration titration with titanium TOILET GOODS ASSOCIATION Toilet Preparations U.S. Pharmacopoeia U.S. Regulations vitamin volatile matter waxes yellow


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|Settlement of freed slaves from the US in what is today Liberia began in 1822; by 1847, the Americo-Liberians were able to establish a republic. William TUBMAN, president from 1944-71, did much to promote foreign investment and to bridge the economic, social, and political gaps between the descendants of the original settlers and the inhabitants of the interior. In 1980, a military coup led by Samuel DOE ushered in a decade of authoritarian rule. In December 1989, Charles TAYLOR launched a rebellion against DOE's regime that led to a prolonged civil war in which DOE was killed. A period of relative peace in 1997 allowed for an election that brought TAYLOR to power, but major fighting resumed in 2000. An August 2003 peace agreement ended the war and prompted the resignation of former president Charles TAYLOR, who was convicted by the UN-backed Special Court for Sierra Leone in The Hague for his involvement in Sierra Leone's civil war. After two years of rule by a transitional government, democratic elections in late 2005 brought President Ellen JOHNSON SIRLEAF to power. She subsequently won reelection in 2011 and remains challenged to rebuild Liberia's economy, particularly following the 2014-15 Ebola epidemic, and to reconcile a nation still recovering from 14 years of fighting. The UN Security Council in September 2015 passed Resolution 2239, which renewed the mandate for the UN Mission in Liberia for another year. In July 2016, the UN handed over peacekeeping responsibility to Liberia and reduced the UN troop presence, which now serves a support role.
Facing the Atlantic Ocean, the coastline is characterized by lagoons, mangrove swamps, and river-deposited sandbars; the inland grassy plateau supports limited agriculture
|Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Cote d'Ivoire and Sierra Leone
|Geographic coordinates:
| total: 111,369 sq km
land: 96,320 sq km
water: 15,049 sq km
Size comparison: slightly larger than Tennessee
|Land Boundaries:
|total: 1,667 km border countries (3): Guinea 590 km, Cote d'Ivoire 778 km, Sierra Leone 299 km
|579 km
|Maritime claims:
|territorial sea: 200 nm
|tropical; hot, humid; dry winters with hot days and cool to cold nights; wet, cloudy summers with frequent heavy showers
|mostly flat to rolling coastal plains rising to rolling plateau and low mountains in northeast
|Elevation extremes:
|Natural resources:
|iron ore, timber, diamonds, gold, hydropower
|Land use:
| agricultural land: 28.1% arable land 5.2%; permanent crops 2.1%; permanent pasture 20.8% forest: 44.6%
other: 27.3% (2011 est.)
|Irrigated land:
|30 sq km (2012)
|Natural hazards:
|dust-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to March)
|Current Environment Issues:
|tropical rain forest deforestation; soil erosion; loss of biodiversity; pollution of coastal waters from oil residue and raw sewage
|International Environment Agreements:
| party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation
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| noun: Liberian(s)
adjective: Liberian
|Ethnic groups:
|Kpelle 20.3%, Bassa 13.4%, Grebo 10%, Gio 8%, Mano 7.9%, Kru 6%, Lorma 5.1%, Kissi 4.8%, Gola 4.4%, other 20.1% (2008 Census)
|English 20% (official), some 20 ethnic group languages few of which can be written or used in correspondence
|Christian 85.6%, Muslim 12.2%, Traditional 0.6%, other 0.2%, none 1.4% (2008 Census)
|4,299,944 (July 2016 est.)
|Age structure:
| 0-14 years: 42.3% (male 917,354/female 901,627)
15-24 years: 18.9% (male 400,013/female 412,869)
25-54 years: 31.32% (male 669,630/female 677,321)
55-64 years: 4.3% (male 89,264/female 95,519)
65 years and over: 3.17% (male 66,658/female 69,689) (2016 est.)
|Dependency ratios:
| total dependency ratio: 82.9%
youth dependency ratio: 77.4%
elderly dependency ratio: 5.5%
potential support ratio: 18.2% (2015 est.)
|Median age:
| total: 18.3 years
male: 18.1 years
female: 18.5 years (2016 est.)
|Population growth rate:
|2.44% (2016 est.)
|Birth rate:
|33.9 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)
|Death rate:
|9.5 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)
|Net migration rate:
|0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)
| urban population: 49.7% of total population (2015)
rate of urbanization: 3.36% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
|Major urban areas - population:
|MONROVIA (capital) 1.264 million (2015)
|Sex ratio:
| at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.97 male(s)/female
total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2016 est.)
|Mother's mean age at first birth:
|19.2 note: median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2013 est.)
|Maternal mortality rate:
|725 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
|Infant mortality rate:
| total: 65.8 deaths/1,000 live births male: 69.9 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 61.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)
|Life expectancy at birth:
| total population: 59 years male: 57.3 years
female: 60.8 years (2016 est.)
|Total fertility rate:
|4.6 children born/woman (2016 est.)
|Contraceptive prevalence rate:
|20.2% (2013)
|Health expenditures:
|10% of GDP (2014)
|Physicians density:
|0.01 physicians/1,000 population (2008)
|Hospital bed density:
|0.8 beds/1,000 population (2010)
|Drinking water source:
| improved:
urban: 88.6% of population
rural: 62.6% of population
total: 75.6% of population
urban: 11.4% of population
rural: 37.4% of population
total: 24.4% of population (2015 est.)
|Sanitation facility access:
| improved:
urban: 28% of population
rural: 5.9% of population
total: 16.9% of population
urban: 72% of population
rural: 94.1% of population
total: 83.1% of population (2015 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|1.09% (2015 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|30,200 (2015 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|1,900 (2015 est.)
|Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
|5.8% (2014)
|Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
|15.3% (2013)
|Education expenditures:
|2.8% of GDP (2012)
| definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 47.6%
male: 62.4%
female: 32.8% (2015 est.)
|Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
| total: 5.1% male: 3.4%
female: 6.6% (2010 est.)
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|Country name:
| conventional long form: Republic of Liberia
conventional short form: Liberia
etymology: name derives from the Latin word "liber" meaning "free"; so named because the nation was created as a homeland for liberated African-American slaves
|Government type:
|presidential republic
| name: Monrovia
geographic coordinates: 6 18 N, 10 48 W
time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
|Administrative divisions:
|15 counties; Bomi, Bong, Gbarpolu, Grand Bassa, Grand Cape Mount, Grand Gedeh, Grand Kru, Lofa, Margibi, Maryland, Montserrado, Nimba, River Cess, River Gee, Sinoe
|26 July 1847
|National holiday:
|Independence Day, 26 July (1847)
|previous 1847 (at independence); latest drafted 19 October 1983, revised version adopted by referendum 3 July 1984, effective 6 January 1986; amended 2011; note - a series of amendment proposals approved by the Constitution Review Conference in early 2015 are pending government review (2016)
|Legal system:
|mixed legal system of common law (based on Anglo-American law) and customary law
|18 years of age; universal
|Executive branch:
| chief of state: President Ellen JOHNSON SIRLEAF (since 16 January 2006); Vice President Joseph BOAKAI (since 16 January 2006); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Ellen JOHNSON SIRLEAF (since 16 January 2006); Vice President Joseph BOAKAI (since 16 January 2006)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president, confirmed by the Senate elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 11 October and 8 November 2011 (next to be held in 2017)
election results: Ellen JOHNSON SIRLEAF reelected president; percent of vote in second round - Ellen JOHNSON SIRLEAF (UP) 90.7%, Winston TUBMAN (NDPL) 9.3%
|Legislative branch:
| description: bicameral National Assembly consists of the Senate (30 seats; members directly elected in 15 two-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 9-year staggered terms with half the membership renewed at 3- and 6-year intervals; eligible for a second term; and the House of Representatives (73 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 6-year terms; eligible for a second term)
elections: Senate - last held on 20 December 2014 (originally scheduled for 14 October 2014, but postponed due to Ebola-virus epidemic; next to be held in fall 2020); House of Representatives - last held on 11 October 2011 (next to be held in 2017)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - CDC 29.8%, LP 11.5%, NPP 6.1%, PUP 4.9%, NDC 1.3%, other parties 11.8%, independent 24.3%; seats by party - UP 4, CDC 2, LP 2, ANC 1, NDC 1, NPP 1, PUP 1, independent 3; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - UP 17.8%, CDC 12.8%, LP 9.2%, NDC 5.7%, LTP 4.5%, PUP 3.9%, NPP 3.3%, MPC 2.4%, LDP 1.0%, NRP 0.8%, other parties 16.8% independent 19.7% ; seats by party - UP 24, CDC 11, LP 7, PUP 6, NDC 5, APD 3, NPP 3, MPC 2, LDP 1, LTP 1, NRP 1, independent 9
|Judicial branch:
| highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of a chief justice and 4 associate justices); note - the Supreme Court has jurisdiction for all constitutional cases judge selection and term of office: chief justice and associate justices appointed by the president of Liberia with consent of the Senate; judges can serve until age 70
subordinate courts: judicial circuit courts; special courts including criminal, civil, labor, traffic; magistrate and traditional or customary courts
|Political parties and leaders:
|Alliance for Peace and Democracy or APD [Marcus S. G. DAHN] Alternative National Congress or ANC [Orishil GOULD] Congress for Democratic Change or CDC [George WEAH] Liberia Destiny Party or LDP [Nathaniel BARNES] Liberia Transformation Party or LTP [Julius SUKU] Liberty Party or LP [J. Fonati KOFFA] Movement for Progressive Change or MPC [Simeon FREEMAN] National Democratic Coalition or NDC [Dew MAYSON] National Democratic Party of Liberia or NDPL [D. Nyandeh SIEH] National Patriotic Party or NPP National Reformist Party or NRP [Maximillian T. W. DIABE] National Union for Democratic Progress or NUDP [Victor BARNEY] People's Unification Party [Isobe GBORKORKOLLIE] Unity Party or UP [Varney SHERMAN]
|Political pressure groups and leaders:
|other: demobilized former military officers
|International organization participation:
|ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
|National symbol(s):
|white star; national colors: red, white, blue
|National anthem:
| name: "All Hail, Liberia Hail!"
lyrics/music: Daniel Bashiel WARNER/Olmstead LUCA
note: lyrics adopted 1847, music adopted 1860; the anthem's author later became the third president of Liberia
|Diplomatic representation in the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Jeremiah Congbeh SULUNTEH (since 2 May 2012)
chancery: 5201 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011
telephone: [1] (202) 723-0437
consulate(s) general: New York
|Diplomatic representation from the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Christine A. ELDER (since 23 June 2016)
embassy: U.S. Embassy, 502 Benson Street, Monrovia
mailing address: P.O. Box 98, Monrovia
telephone: [231] 77-677-7000
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Liberia is a low income country that relies heavily on foreign assistance. It is richly endowed with water, mineral resources, forests, and a climate favorable to agriculture. Its principal exports are iron ore, rubber, gold and timber. The government has attempted to revive raw timber extraction and is encouraging oil exploration. In the 1990s and early 2000s, civil war and government mismanagement destroyed much of Liberia's economy, especially infrastructure in and around the capital. With the conclusion of fighting and the installation of a democratically elected government in 2006, businesses that had fled the country began to return. The country achieved high growth during 2010-13 due to favorable world prices for its commodities. However, in 2014 as the Ebolavirus began to spread, the economy declined and many businesses departed, taking capital and expertise with them. The epidemic forced the government to divert scarce resources to combat the spread of the virus, reducing funds available for needed public investment. The cost of addressing the Ebola epidemic will weigh heavily on public finances at the same time decreased economic activity reduces government revenue, although higher donor support will partly offset this loss. Revitalizing the economy in the future will depend on increasing investment and trade, higher global commodity prices, sustained foreign aid and remittances, development of infrastructure and institutions, and maintaining political stability and security.
|GDP (purchasing power parity):
| GDP (purchasing power parity): $3.881 billion (2016 est.) $3.806 billion (2015 est.) $3.806 billion (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
|GDP (official exchange rate):
|GDP (official exchange rate): $2.168 billion (2015 est.)
|GDP - real growth rate:
|2% (2016 est.) 0% (2015 est.) 0.7% (2014 est.)
|GDP - per capita (PPP):
| GDP - per capita (PPP): $900 (2016 est.) $900 (2015 est.) $900 (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
|Gross national saving:
|NA% (2016 est.) -41% of GDP (2015 est.) -2.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
|GDP - composition, by end use:
| household consumption: 134.1%
government consumption: 16.3%
investment in fixed capital: 19.5%
investment in inventories: -5.2%
exports of goods and services: 25%
imports of goods and services: -94.9% (2014 est.)
|GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
| household consumption: 134.1%
government consumption: 16.3%
investment in fixed capital: 19.5%
investment in inventories: -5.2%
exports of goods and services: 25%
imports of goods and services: -94.9% (2014 est.)
|Agriculture - products:
|rubber, coffee, cocoa, rice, cassava (manioc, tapioca), palm oil, sugarcane, bananas; sheep, goats; timber
|mining (iron ore), rubber processing, palm oil processing, timber, diamonds
|Industrial production growth rate:
|2.4% (2016 est.)
|Labor force:
|1.654 million (2016 est.)
|Labor force - by occupation:
| agriculture: 70%
industry: 8%
services: 22% (2000 est.)
|Unemployment rate:
|85% (2003 est.)
|Population below poverty line:
|63.8% (2007 est.)
|Household income or consumption by percentage share:
| lowest 10%: 2.4%
highest 10%: 30.1% (2007)
| revenues: $613 million
expenditures: $743 million (2016 est.)
|Taxes and other revenues:
|28.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
|Public debt:
|11.8% of GDP (2016 est.) 5.7% of GDP (2015 est.)
|Fiscal year:
|calendar year
|Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|Inflation rate (consumer prices): 6.3% (2016 est.) 7.7% (2015 est.)
|Current account balance:
|-$661 million (2016 est.) -$707 million (2015 est.)
|$363.9 million (2016 est.) $330.8 million (2015 est.)
|Exports - commodities:
|rubber, timber, iron, diamonds, cocoa, coffee
|Exports - partners:
|Poland 32.9%, China 20.7%, India 9.3%, US 5.1%, Greece 4.7%, France 4.3% (2015)
|$1.25 billion (2016 est.) $2.232 billion (2015 est.)
|Imports - commodities:
|fuels, chemicals, machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods; foodstuffs
|Imports - partners:
|Singapore 28.7%, China 16%, South Korea 15.3%, Japan 10.3%, Philippines 6.6% (2015)
|Debt - external:
|$1.111 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $968 million (31 December 2015 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|$17.01 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $16.56 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|$201 million (31 December 2013 est.) $201 million (31 December 2012 est.)
|Market value of publicly traded shares:
|Exchange rates:
|Liberian dollars (LRD) per US dollar - 92.33 (2016 est.) 85.3 (2015 est.) 85.3 (2014 est.) 83.893 (2013 est.) 73.52 (2012 est.)
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|Electricity - production:
|300 million kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - consumption:
|300 million kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - exports:
|0 kWh (2013 est.)
|Electricity - imports:
|0 kWh (2013 est.)
|Electricity - installed generating capacity:
|27,000 kW (2014 est.)
|Electricity - from fossil fuels:
|100% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
|Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
|0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
|Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
|0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
|Electricity - from other renewable sources:
|0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
|Crude oil - production:
|0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
|Crude oil - exports:
|0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Crude oil - imports:
|0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Crude oil - proved reserves:
|0 bbl (1 January 2016 es)
|Refined petroleum products - production:
|0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - consumption:
|6,600 bbl/day (2014 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - exports:
|0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - imports:
|6,611 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Natural gas - production:
|0 cu m (2013 est.)
|Natural gas - consumption:
|0 cu m (2013 est.)
|Natural gas - exports:
|0 cu m (2013 est.)
|Natural gas - imports:
|0 cu m (2013 est.)
|Natural gas - proved reserves:
|0 cu m (1 January 2014 es)
|Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
|600,000 Mt (2013 est.)
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|Cellular Phones in use:
|total: 3.652 million subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 87 (July 2015 est.)
|Telephone system:
| general assessment: the limited services available are found almost exclusively in the capital, Monrovia; fixed-line service stagnant and extremely limited; telephone coverage extended to a number of other towns and rural areas by four mobile-cellular network operators
domestic: mobile-cellular subscription base growing and teledensity reached 85 per 100 persons in 2015
international: country code - 231; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2015)
|Broadcast media:
|3 private TV stations; satellite TV service available; 1 state-owned radio station; about 15 independent radio stations broadcasting in Monrovia, with another 25 local stations operating in other areas; transmissions of 2 international broadcasters are av (2007)
|Internet country code:
|Internet users:
|total: 248,000 percent of population: 5.9% (July 2015 est.)
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|29 (2013)
|Airports (paved runways):
| total 2
over 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2013)
|Airports (unpaved runways):
| total 27
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 8
under 914 m: 14 (2013)
|oil 4 km (2013)
| total 429 km
standard gauge: 345 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 84 km 1.067-m gauge
note: most sections of the railways inoperable due to damage sustained during the civil wars from 1980 to 2003, but many are being rebuilt (2008)
| total 10,600 km
paved: 657 km
unpaved: 9,943 km (2000)
|Merchant marine:
| total 2,771
by type: barge carrier 5, bulk carrier 662, cargo 143, carrier 2, chemical tanker 248, combination ore/oil 8, container 937, liquefied gas 92, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 526, refrigerated cargo 102, roll on/roll off 5, specialized tanker 10, vehicle carrier 27
foreign-owned: 2,559 (Angola 1, Argentina 1, Australia 1, Belgium 1, Bermuda 4, Brazil 20, Canada 2, Chile 9, China 4, Croatia 1, Cyprus 9, Denmark 8, Egypt 3, Germany 1185, Gibraltar 5, Greece 505, Hong Kong 48, India 8, Indonesia 4, Israel 34, Italy 47, Japan 110, Latvia 5, (2010)
|Ports and terminals:
|major seaport(s): Buchanan, Monrovia
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|Military branches:
|Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL): Army, Navy, Air Force
|Military service age and obligation:
|18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)
|Military expenditures:
|0.82% of GDP (2012) 0.86% of GDP (2011) 0.82% of GDP (2010)
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|Transnational Issues
|Disputes - International:
|although civil unrest continues to abate with the assistance of 6,500 UN Mission in Liberia peacekeepers, as of January 2013, Liberian refugees still remain in Guinea, Cote d'Ivoire, Sierra Leone, and Ghana; Liberia, in turn, shelters refugees fleeing turmoil in Cote d'Ivoire; despite the presence of over 9,000 UN forces in Cote d'Ivoire since 2004, ethnic conflict continues to spread into neighboring states who can no longer send their migrant workers to Ivorian cocoa plantations; UN sanctions ban Liberia from exporting diamonds and timber
|Refugees and internally displaced persons:
| refugees (country of origin): 19,875 (Cote d'Ivoire) (2016) IDPs: up to 23,000 (civil war from 1990-2004; post-election violence in March and April 2011; many dwell in slums in Monrovia) (2014)
stateless persons: 1 (2015)
|Illicit drugs:
|transshipment point for Southeast and Southwest Asian heroin and South American cocaine for the European and US markets; corruption, criminal activity, arms-dealing, and diamond trade provide significant potential for money laundering, but the lack of well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a major money-laundering center
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Source: CIA - The World Factbook


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The Lancaster faith community is encouraged to attend the Fifth Annual Lancaster Community Prayer Luncheon on May 1 at Covenant Baptist Church, 165 Craig Manor Road.
This year's keynote speaker is Kelly McCorkle Parkison, who served as Miss South Carolina 2002 and participated in the television reality show, "Amazing Race."
In addition to McCorkle Parkison, the service will include prayers offered to God for our families, churches, our government leaders, military and civil servants and our nation said Dr. Bert Welch, Covenant senior pastor.
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Meet a Pioneer Pilot
Amelia Earhart Home
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Tornado of past
By: Taisa S.
North Carolina, Age 12
North Carolina seems like an unlikely place for AMelia Earhart to be connected with but it was the first state to be flown in. Earhart was taken away by the way Kitty-Hawk North Carolina seemed to shine.'' It is almost as if the sky was connected to the ground!'' said an awestruck tourist. Well they might be right because In this year the town has received 60 tornadoes in one day. People of the state are trying to remember why they should fight to keep it going. Then they remember that it is the place where all famous pilots revel, including our own famous AMelia Earhart.
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