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Etel Billig, the co-founder of the Illinois Theatre Center in Park Forest, an indefatigable pioneer of professional theater in the Chicago suburbs and a Chicago actress with decades of work on the city's leading stages, died March 28, after suffering a brain aneurysm at her desk at her beloved theater on the previous day.
"Rehearsals were going on at the time," Billig's son, Jonathan, said. "My mother was found by one of the actors." She died later that night.
Billig, who was 79, was still very much in artistic and managerial charge of her 36-year-old, Equity-affiliated theater in Park Forest, which she founded with her late husband, Steve Billig, and which she treated as a parent would a child.
Indeed, she gave a number of now-prominent actors their first big breaks in her old basement space at the Park Forest library, including the Steppenwolf Theatre ensemble member Sally Murphy, Jennifer Lien and Colin Egglesfield. The Oscar-nominated actor Michael Shannon did his first professional work with Billig as his director in "Winterset" by Maxwell Anderson.
"He told us he was 19," Jonathan Billig said. "I think he was worried we would not trust him with the role if he admitted to being only 16."
Many of Billig's loyal subscribers were retired schoolteachers, theaterlovers who had supported Billig for years, if not decades, after the Billigs decided to target teachers early on in their marketing efforts, even as their chosen home, suburban Park Forest, was exploding with growth.
The Illinois Theatre Center was always a small operation but Ms. Billig was proud of its affiliation with the actor's union and fought with fervor for the media coverage she felt her actors and her theater deserved. "She was,' said David Zak, a longtime theater colleague, "a tigress."
Yet perhaps more than any other artistic director in Chicago, Billig understood that small theaters must have the closest of relationships with their supporters. At Billig's theater, a subscription could be renewed merely by a conversation in the lobby and, on several memorable occasions, Billig would interrupt her famously intimate pre-show announcements to make sure that everyone in the house had the view they wanted of the stage.
If her patrons were sick, Ms. Billig would tend them back to health. If they were expected at her theater and did not arrive, Ms. Billig would know and make inquiries after their wellbeing.
Her tastes in theater were broad but always classy, with a particular penchant for writers who relished the spoken word. Outside of her own theater, she also appeared at such Chicago theaters as the Goodman Theatre and taught acting to generations of Chicago-area performers.
Jonathan Billig, who followed his mother into the theater, said that although the opening of the next Illinois Theatre Center show, a Jerry Herman revue, will now be delayed for a few days, "the show will go on, as my mother would have wanted."
Billig is also survived by another son, Curt Billig. Funeral arrangements are pending.


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: Obama
BREAKING: The president knew the truth about Benghazi
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A little historical perspective taken from the link below:
Whatever you think of the Obama record, it's worth keeping in mind that by any measure, free enterprise has been winning the game for a long, long time to this point.
Compare the United States of 2012 with the United States of 1962. Leave aside the obvious points about segregation and discrimination, and look only at the economy.
In 1962, the government regulated the price and route of every airplane, every freight train, every truck and every merchant ship in the United States. The government regulated the price of natural gas. It regulated the interest on every checking account and the commission on every purchase or sale of stock. Owning a gold bar was a serious crime that could be prosecuted under the Trading with the Enemy Act. The top rate of income tax was 91%.
It was illegal to own a telephone. Phones had to be rented from the giant government-regulated monopoly that controlled all telecommunications in the United States. All young men were subject to the military draft and could escape only if they entered a government-approved graduate course of study. The great concern of students of American society -- of liberals such as David Riesman, of conservatives such as Russell Kirk and of radicals such as Dwight Macdonald -- was the country's stultifying, crushing conformity.
Even if you look only at the experiences of white heterosexual men, the United States of 2012 is a freer country in almost every way than the United States of 1962.
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|MLBPA Press Release
On Thursday, the Major League Baseball Players Association and ESPN Radio's Mike Greenberg and Mike Golic announced the winners of the 2010 Players Choice Awards for each league's Outstanding Pitcher during the fourth in a series of five daily broadcast segments highlighting the on-field performances and community leadership of Major League players.
The 2010 Players Choice Awards are being broadcast exclusively this week on ESPN Radio and are presented by Majestic Athletic and 2K Sports and benefit the Major League Baseball Players Trust. [See complete awards broadcast schedule below.]
Halladay helped guide the Phillies to the National League East title by leading all Major League hurlers in wins (21), shutouts (4), complete games (9) and innings pitched (250 2/3). The seven-time All-Star finished second in the NL with 219 strikeouts and third with a 2.44 ERA --- the second lowest ERA in his 13-year Major League career (2.41 in 2005). Acquired by the Phillies on Dec. 16, 2009, in a trade with the Toronto Blue Jays (in exchange for Michael Taylor, Travis d'Arnaud & Kyle Drabek), Halladay has now won two Players Choice Awards (2003 AL Outstanding Pitcher.)
In just his second full Major League season, Price finished with a record of 19-6 with an ERA of 2.72 and 188 strikeouts, to help lead the Rays to the American League East crown. He tied for second among all AL pitchers in wins and was third in ERA. Picked first overall by Tampa Bay in the 2007 First-Year Player Draft, Price has a record of 29-13 with a 3.31 ERA in 55 career starts.
The Players Choice Awards annually honor the outstanding player, rookie, pitcher and comeback player in each league, while the Player of the Year and Man of the Year awards bestow top honors without regard to league. Balloting for the Players Choice Awards was conducted in September under the supervision of accounting firm KPMG.
2010 Players Choice Award winners in all categories will designate charities to receive grants totaling $260,000 from the Major League Baseball Players Trust, the charitable foundation created and run by the players themselves. The Players Trust raises funds and attention for issues affecting the needy and promotes community involvement. Since 1992, the Players Trust has recognized the outstanding on-field and off-field performances of Players Choice Awards winners by contributing $3 million to charities around the world. For additional information, please visit www.MLBPLAYERS.com or visit the Players Trust channel on YouTube at http://www.youtube.com/user/MLBPlayersTrust.
Below please find the complete list of 2010 Players Choice Awards finalists as well as the ESPN Radio broadcast schedule for the awards announcements. Go to www.ESPNRadio.com to find an ESPN Radio station near you or to listen live.
2010 Players Choice Awards finalists (winners in bold, underlined)
American League:
Outstanding Player: Jose Bautista (Toronto), Miguel Cabrera (Detroit), Josh Hamilton (Texas)
Outstanding Pitcher: Felix Hernandez (Seattle), David Price (Tampa Bay), CC Sabathia (NY Yankees)
Outstanding Rookie: Wade Davis (Tampa Bay), Neftali Feliz (Texas), Austin Jackson (Detroit)
Comeback Player: Freddy Garcia (Chicago White Sox), Vladimir Guerrero (Texas), Francisco Liriano (Minnesota)
National League:
Outstanding Player: Carlos Gonzalez (Colorado), Albert Pujols (St. Louis), Joey Votto (Cincinnati)
Outstanding Pitcher: Roy Halladay (Philadelphia), Ubaldo Jimenez (Colorado), Adam Wainwright (St. Louis)
Outstanding Rookie: Jaime Garcia (St. Louis), Jason Heyward (Atlanta), Buster Posey (San Francisco)
Comeback Player: R.A. Dickey (NY Mets), Tim Hudson (Atlanta), Aubrey Huff (San Francisco)
Either league:
Player of Year: Carlos Gonzalez (Colorado), Josh Hamilton (Texas), Joey Votto (Cincinnati)
Man of the Year: Torii Hunter (LA Angels of Anaheim), Brandon Inge (Detroit), Troy Tulowitzki (Colorado)
ESPN Radio broadcast schedule for 2010 Players Choice Awards
Monday, Oct. 25 - AL/NL Comeback Players - Scott Van Pelt (1-4 p.m. ET)
Tuesday, Oct. 26 - AL/NL Outstanding Rookies - Scott Van Pelt (1-4 p.m. ET)
Wednesday, Oct. 27 - NL Outstanding Player - Scott Van Pelt (1-4 p.m. ET)
Wednesday, Oct. 27 - AL Outstanding Player - Doug Gottlieb (4-7 p.m. ET)
Thursday, Oct. 28 - AL/NL Outstanding Pitchers - Mike & Mike (6-10 a.m. ET)
Friday, Oct. 29 - Marvin Miller Man of the Year & Player of the Year - Mike & Mike (6-10 a.m. ET)
The Major League Baseball Players Association (www.MLBPLAYERS.com) is the collective bargaining representative for all professional baseball players of the 30 Major League Baseball teams and serves as the exclusive group licensing agent for commercial and licensing activities involving active Major League Baseball players. On behalf of its members, it operates the Players Choice licensing program and Players Choice Awards, which benefit the needy through the Major League Baseball Players Trust, a charitable foundation established and run entirely by Major League baseball players.
About Majestic Athletic
Majestic Athletic is a subsidiary of VF Imagewear. Majestic designs, markets and manufactures athletic team uniforms, performance apparel, outerwear and licensed athletic wear. The company is licensed by the Major League Baseball Players Association and Major League Baseball. Majestic currently holds on-field uniform rights for all 30 Major League Baseball clubs.


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Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Medical Management
Respiratory muscle weakness
In several forms of SMA, respiratory muscle weakness is a significant problem. It's the most common cause of death in types 1 and type 2 chromosome 5 (SMN-related) SMA.
When the respiratory muscles weaken, air doesn't move into and out of the lungs very well, with subsequent adverse effects on general health. Signs of weakening respiratory muscles are headaches, difficulty sleeping at night, excess sleepiness during the day, poor concentration, chest infections and, eventually, heart damage and respiratory failure.
Often, in infantile-onset SMA, the muscles between the baby's ribs are very weak, while the diaphragm muscle stays fairly strong. This leads to children who appear to be breathing by moving their bellies rather than their chests and to a pear-shaped body in these infants.
In recent years, the availability of portable, effective ventilation devices has created more options for newborns with SMA, and some have surprised their families and physicians by living many years.
Assisted ventilation also can help children and adults with different forms of SMA. Many physicians advise starting out with noninvasive ventilation, which generally means that air (usually room air, not enriched with oxygen) is delivered under pressure through a mask or mouthpiece.
This kind of system comes in many forms and can be used as many hours of the day and/or night as necessary. It can easily be removed for eating, drinking and talking.
When noninvasive ventilation isn't sufficient, ventilation assistance can delivered through a tracheostomy — a surgical hole in the trachea, or windpipe. Air under pressure is then delivered through a tube in the tracheostomy site. After a period of adjustment, it's usually possible for people to eat, drink and talk with a tracheostomy tube.
Other necessary aspects of respiratory care in SMA include clearance of respiratory secretions, sometimes also achieved with a mechanical device, and prevention of infection as far as possible.
An insufflator-exsufflator is one type of device that can assist with clearing respiratory secretions from the airway. The device applies positive pressure to the airway and then rapidly reverses to negative pressure, mimicking a natural cough. The CoughAssist, made by Philips Respironics, is an example of this type of device.
Another type of airway clearance aid is a high-frequency chest wall oscillation device. This device is a vest that rapidly inflates and deflates, vibrating the chest and creating "mini-coughs" that dislodge mucus from small airways, moving it toward larger airways from which it can be more easily coughed out. The Vest Airway Clearance System, made by Hill-Rom, is an example.
To prevent respiratory infections, almost everyone with SMA should get a flu shot every year. Other precautions include staying away from crowds and getting adequate rest and nutrition.
The MDA clinic team can advise you about respiratory care, flu shots and related matters.
Swallowing muscle weakness
Swallowing problems occur when the muscles of the mouth and throat are weak.
Babies with infantile-onset SMA usually have trouble swallowing and sucking. Sucking weakness can lead to dehydration and poor nutrition, while swallowing weakness can lead to obstruction of the airway and respiratory infections from inhaled food or liquids (aspiration).
Babies with severe swallowing and sucking weakness can be fed by alternative methods, such as a feeding tube, often called a gastrostomy tube or g-tube. A feeding tube is a small, flexible tube, about the diameter of a pencil, that allows liquid nutrition (homemade or commercially prepared) to enter the stomach directly, bypassing the mouth, throat and esophagus. Some feeding tube systems are constructed so that the tube can be detached from a "button" on the abdomen when it's not in use.
Some g-tube users also can eat and drink by mouth, in addition to using the tube. If the main problem is weakness of the chewing muscles, making eating laborious and time-consuming, then it's fine to eat by mouth for pleasure and extra nutrition, and use the g-tube for basic calories. By contrast, if the main reason for the tube is aspiration of food and liquid, then it's probably not safe to eat and drink by mouth.
Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are educated in treating swallowing problems as well as those associated with speech.
Your MDA clinic team can advise you about swallowing muscle weakness, including special ways of preparing food and the use of gastrostomy tubes.
Back muscle weakness with progressive spinal curvature
Weakness of the muscles of the back that normally support the flexible, growing spine is a major problem in childhood-onset SMA. If it's not corrected, the child may develop scoliosis — a side-to-side curvature of the spine — or kyphosis, a forward curvature of the spine, or both. Some may even end up with "pretzel" types of curvatures that make it impossible to sit or lie down with comfort.
Some physicians believe that severe spinal curvatures may compromise respiratory function in some cases, if the curved spine compresses a lung.
A back brace or corset that supports the child in a certain position is often prescribed to try to direct the spine as it's growing. Braces don't solve the problem, but they may slow the progression of a curve.
The permanent solution to spinal curvature is almost always spine-straightening surgery, which can be done if the child's respiratory status is good enough to withstand the surgery.
The timing of back surgery is tricky. Doctors generally like to wait until maximum spinal growth has been achieved because that allows a simpler surgical technique to be used. On the other hand, if respiratory status is deteriorating, surgery often can't wait until growth is complete. Here again, the MDA clinic can help you decide.
Anesthesia concerns
A child or adult with SMA who must undergo surgery (for example, to correct scoliosis) needs to take special precautions. The surgical team, particularly the anesthesiologist, must thoroughly understand SMA.
Sometimes, especially in the early stages of SMA, the muscle cells that aren't receiving nerve signals develop certain abnormalities as they try to "reach out" to nerves. These abnormalities can lead to dangerous reactions to muscle-relaxing drugs often used during surgery. Doctors can get around this problem, if they're aware of it, by using different drugs.
Can diet help?
Many people wonder if a special diet will affect the course of SMA. While it's certainly true that children and adults with SMA need good nutrition, so far, there's little evidence to suggest that any particular type of diet is useful against SMA — and in fact some diets may be harmful.
For example, special formulas made up of broken-down protein components called amino acids — so-called "elemental diets" — actually may cause problems for children with SMA who have little muscle tissue. Some experts say blood levels of these amino acids can become too high if there isn't enough muscle tissue to properly use them.
Children and adults with SMA run the risk of becoming overweight, probably because they can't exercise effectively and are taking in too many calories for their level of activity. With the guidance of a physician or nutritionist, it should be possible to keep weight under control, which is important for health, appearance and the backs of caregivers who help with lifting and transferring.
Some children may do better with small, frequent feedings than with three large meals a day. In addition, some physicians recommend over-the-counter supplements, including creatine and/or coenzyme Q10, to meet nutritional needs.
Your MDA clinic physician and other staff members at the clinic can help you with nutritional issues for yourself or your child.
How much and what kinds of activity are best?
In SMA, most physicians advise that doing as much physical activity as is comfortable without going to extremes is a good idea, in order to maintain general physical and psychological health and well-being.
It's important to protect joints from stiffness or injury, preserve range of motion (flexibility in the joints), maintain circulation and, especially for children, allow enough mobility for exploration of the environment.
Exercising in a warm pool (85 to 90 degrees) may be particularly beneficial. A person with SMA shouldn't swim alone, and appropriate safety precautions should be provided.
While some physical therapy experts believe over-exercising muscles is not a problem, others believe exercising to exhaustion can "burn out" remaining motor neurons before their time. More research is needed in this area; in the meantime, it seems sensible to exercise with discretion and stop before reaching the point of exhaustion.
For more information, see Exercising with a Muscle Disease.
Physical therapy and occupational therapy programs can help children and adults learn the best ways to maximize their muscle function and accomplish activities of daily living. A referral to a physical or occupational therapist can be obtained through your MDA clinic.
An array of assistive technology products can help even very young children explore the world despite having very weak muscles. Standers, walkers, various kinds of powered and manual wheeled vehicles, and braces (orthoses) can help with standing and moving around. Therapists also can help teachers and parents find the best physical solutions for the school environment.
Other useful technology can help with writing, painting, using a computer or telephone, and electronically controlling the environment (for example, temperature, lighting, television and so forth).


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After spending much of 2012 absent from comic shelves, artist Peter Snejbjerg is coming back with a vengeance this year with not one, but two new projects.
In addition to returning to the Mignola-verse with a new B.P.R.D. series, in February Snejbjerg will debut a graphic novel series with writer M. Jerry Frissen called World War X: Hélius. It's set in a near-future story in which the International Space Station breaks communication with Earth, leaving the people on the ground at a loss for why. As it turns out, a bizarre alien life form has awoken from a deep slumber and set it sights on Earth -- beginning with the ISS. The only man with the potential to fend off this alien threat is a man named Hélius, who may not be as human as he looks.
"[World War X: Hélius is the] first of a series of 3, out from Le Lombard!," Snejbjerg posted on his website. "What, it's in French, you say? You can't read that? Sure you can, don't be silly. Otherwise you'll just have to find an English-language publisher and beat them 'round the head with rolled-up copies of Secret Wars, untill they give in and put it out in a language you can."
As Snejbjerg playfully explains, there are no announced plans for World War X: Hélius to be translated for English-speaking audiences. Although Le Lombard has brought some of its books out for British and American readers, the publisher's track record is rather spotty.
Here's a trailer Le Lombard released to announce World War X: Hélius:


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Fetish is a uniquely smooth grey ShapeShifter theme. The most notable change with the second beta release of Fetish 2 is the addition of a new iTunes skin. While it isn't a gigantic leap from the default iTunes look, it successfully incorporates the look and feel of Fetish.
Requirements for Fetish
- Mac OS X 10.4 or later
- ShapeShifter
*Previously available here
Similar Software
Suggest other similar software


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Blockx Soft Pastels are handmade in Belgium using pure pigments in the same tradition started by company founder and chemist Jacques Blockx in 1844. Pastels are soft and velvety in texture. Best-suited for use on pastel paper.
Color Swatches created using heavy to light application and were applied on 100 lb (163 gsm) drawing paper material.
iron oxides
FeO or Fe2O3
Mars Black is an opaque black with a strong and cool masstone, a slightly warm tint, and a warm brown undertone. It is not as black as Ivory Black, but it dries more quickly and has three times the tinting strength. Mars Black is normally the only black available in acrylic form and that is safe to over paint. It can be used in all media without reservation and is widely used as an alternative to Lamp Black and Ivory Black.
Mars Black is very lightfast with excellent permanence.
Mars Black has no significant hazards and is the only major black pigment considered non-toxic.
The word Mars refers to the Roman god of iron and war. Mars Black was developed in the early 20th century from inorganic, synthetic iron oxide.
Black Iron Oxide, Iron Black, Magnetic Oxide, Mapico Black, Mineral Black. Sometimes labeled as Vine Black.
titanium dioxide
Titanium White is the most brilliant of the white pigments. It is considered an all purpose oil color useful in all techniques and the best all around white. Its masstone is neither warm nor cool, placing it somewhere between Lead White and Zinc White. It is less prone to cracking and yellowing than Lead White, but it still yellows easily. Titanium White dries slowly in oil form, more slowly than Lead White but more quickly than Zinc White. It is opaque in oil and acrylic forms and semi-opaque in watercolor form. This pigment has good chemical stability, and its tinting strength is superior to both Lead White and Zinc White.
Titanium White has excellent permanence and lightfastness.
Titanium dioxide is highly stable and is regarded as completely non-toxic. Animal studies give no indiciation that it is absorbed biologically, even after long periods of exposure. The primary safety concern is with inhalation of fine pigment dust particles. Titanium White, if inhaled in large amounts over the course of several years, may cause a benign pneumoconiosis that is visible on x-rays. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) considers fine titanium dioxide particles, if inhaled, to be a human carcinogen. The primary concern for artists is to avoid exposure to fine particulate dust from raw pigments.
Titanium is the ninth most abundant element in the Earth's crust, however mineral deposits that are economical to mine are less common. Titanium dioxide was first discovered in 1821, although it could not be mass produced until 1919. Widespread use of the pigment began in the 1940s. Since that time, it has become the most commonly used white pigment. The name comes from the Latin word Titan, the name for the elder brother of Kronos and ancestor of the Titans, and from the Greek word tito, meaning day or sun.
iron(III)-oxide, hydrated
Fe2O3 • H2O
Yellow Ochre provides artists with earthtones from cream to brown. It has good hiding power, produces a quick drying paint, and can be safely mixed with other pigments. Its transparency varies widely from opaque shades to more transparent ones, which are valued for their use as glazes. If gypsum is present, Yellow Ochre is not suitable for frescoing. (See Brown Ochre, PY43.) PY42 is made from synthetic iron oxides. PY43 is made from natural iron oxide.
Yellow Ochre has excellent permanence because ochres are some of the most permanent pigments available.
Yellow Ochre is non-toxic unless it contains manganese.
Ochre comes from the Greek word ochros, meaning pale yellow. It was one of the first pigments to be used by human beings, and evidence of its use has been found at 300,000 year old sites in France and the former Czechoslovakia.
Chamois, Iron Yellow, Mars Orange, Mars Yellow, Minette, Ochre, Sil, Yellow Earth, Yellow Oxide. Varieties of Yellow Ochre include Brown Ochre, Flesh Ochre, Roman Ochre, Spruce Ochre, and Transparent Gold Ochre.
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Anything goes on the path to universal health coverage? No.
Joseph Kutzin a
a. World Health Organization, 20 avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.
Correspondence to Joseph Kutzin (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com).
(Submitted: 01 October 2012 – Accepted: 01 October 2012 – Published online: 10 October 2012.)
Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2012;90:867-868. doi: 10.2471/BLT.12.113654
In its 2010 world health report,1 the World Health Organization noted that there is no single, best path for reforming health financing arrangements to move systems closer to universal health coverage, i.e. to improve access to needed, effective services while protecting users from financial ruin. However, this lack of a blueprint for health financing reforms was not meant to convey the message that "anything goes" on the path to universal health coverage. Indeed, concerns have been raised that some reforms, often implemented in the name of expanding coverage, may actually compromise equity.2 Theory and country experience yield important lessons on both promising directions and pitfalls to avoid.
Interpretation of health financing reform experience requires getting beneath commonly used labels such as "tax-funded systems" or "social health insurance", or simply even "health insurance", which was used as the basis for a systematic review published in the September issue of the Bulletin.3 Such labels hide more than they illuminate, as shown by emerging evidence on reforms that increase access and financial protection but are funded predominantly from general tax revenues (e.g. Kyrgyzstan, Mexico, Rwanda, Thailand).
Deriving meaningful lessons from innovative reform experiences requires a deeper understanding of how countries have altered their funding sources, pooling arrangements, purchasing methods, and policies on benefits and patient cost-sharing. All systems, regardless of what they are called, have to address these functions and policy choices.
Revenue sources
Predominant reliance on compulsory or public financing is essential for universal coverage. No country has attained universal population coverage by relying mainly on voluntary contributions to insurance schemes, whether they are run by nongovernmental organizations, commercial companies, "communities", or governments. Compulsion, with subsidization for the poor, is a necessary condition for universality.4 So while it is unfortunately the case that low- and middle-income countries with poor fiscal capacity may need to explore voluntary prepayment mechanisms as an alternative to out-of-pocket payments, this is not a long-term solution. And certainly, misplaced faith in voluntary prepayment should not provide an excuse for governments to direct public resources away from the health sector.
While public funding can come from general government revenues or compulsory "social health insurance" contributions (payroll taxes), general government revenues are essential for universal health coverage. Even the German government injects general revenues into the system to ensure coverage for those unable to contribute. For poorer countries, the structure of the economy, with a large share of the population outside salaried employment, makes it difficult to enforce either income taxes or payroll taxes on most citizens. Thus, increasing the size of the compulsory prepaid pool of funds requires transfers from general revenues (sourced predominantly from consumption taxes (e.g. value added tax) in most low- and middle-income contexts), and the relative need for this grows in proportion to the size of the so-called "informal sector" of the population. This further implies that moving towards universal health coverage in such contexts means moving away from the idea of a purely or even a predominantly contributory basis for entitlement and coverage.
Larger pools with more diverse populations
Universal health coverage goals of equitable access with financial protection require pooling arrangements that redistribute prepaid resources to individuals with the greatest health service needs. Fragmentation exists when there are barriers to this redistribution, with perhaps a worst-case scenario where there are different schemes for different social groups.5 For example, in most low- and middle-income countries that have initiated financing reforms with a health insurance scheme solely for the formal workforce, attention and resources are focused on already advantaged and well organized groups, which tends to exacerbate rather than redress inequalities and leads to locking into a two-tier system.6–7
For countries that have not yet implemented a formal sector scheme, alternatives exist. Rwanda initiated its "community-based health insurance" system by first fully subsidizing the identified indigent from general revenues, then bringing contributions from the rest of the population into the same pools and continuing to subsidize the entire system via budget allocations for salaries and infrastructure.8 Kyrgyzstan and the Republic of Moldova designed a universal system from the beginning of their reforms by having a single pool for both the formal sector (from contributions) and the rest of the population (from general revenues).9 In a recently published review, common themes among nine African and Asian countries that had made sustained progress towards universal health coverage were both the use of tax revenues to extend coverage and the consolidation of risk pools.10 These examples highlight what, on reflection, should be an obvious aim for low- and middle-income countries: to use existing scarce funding sources in an explicitly complementary way.
Strategic purchasing to sustain progress
Countries cannot simply spend their way to universal health coverage. To sustain progress, efficiency and accountability must be ensured. The main health financing instrument for promoting efficiency in the use of funds is purchasing, and more specifically, strategic purchasing. Developing the skills and systems needed for this is at the heart of strengthening national health financing systems, as it requires ongoing use and analysis of data generated by the system, which enables countries to adapt their systems to changing circumstances. As with the term "insurance", much attention is given to initiatives described as schemes: "performance-based funding", "results-based financing" or "pay-for-performance", etc. The important question is not the "success" of a given scheme or project; undue attention has probably been given to trying to prove whether or not these schemes work.11 This is not the central issue. We know that passive purchasing methods, whether in the form of unmanaged fee-for-service reimbursement or rigid line-item budgets, harm efficiency. Thus, the point is that these initiatives should be more appropriately conceived (and evaluated) as entry points to move away from passive methods and strengthen purchasing arrangements within a national health financing system, not as stand-alone projects or time-limited interventions.
From scheme to system
In a systematic review published in September by Spaan et al., most health insurance schemes were found to improve health service utilization and financial protection for their members.3 This is hardly news and certainly no basis for a policy recommendation because a scheme can benefit its members at the expense of the rest of the population if, for example, it excludes high-risk or poor people. The real question, posed long ago, is what effects a given scheme might have on universal health coverage objectives in terms of the health system and the population as a whole.12 Schemes can contribute to these objectives, or they may detract from them. This is truly a case in which "the devil is in the detail". But with the correct unit of analysis – the entire population – and a clear conceptual framework, appropriate lessons can be derived from country experiences on some "dos" and "don'ts" in health financing reform. Policy can best be informed when we get the questions right. There will never be a simple recipe or blueprint, but approaches that compromise equity are not desirable pathways to universal health coverage.
Competing interests:
None declared.
- The world health report – health systems financing: the path to universal coverage. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010.
- Gwatkin DR, Ergo A. Universal health coverage: friend or foe of health equity. Lancet 2011; 377: 2160-1 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62058-2 pmid: 21084113.
- Spaan E, Mathijssen J, Tromp N, McBain F, ten Have A, Baltussen R. The impact of health insurance in Africa and Asia: a systematic review. Bull World Health Organ 2012; 90: 685-92 doi: 10.2471/BLT.12.102301 pmid: 22984313.
- Fuchs VR. What every philosopher should know about health economics. Proc Am Philos Soc 1996; 140: 186-96.
- Frenk J. Comprehensive policy analysis for health system reform. Health Policy 1995; 32: 257-77 doi: 10.1016/0168-8510(95)00739-F pmid: 10156642.
- Kutzin J. Chapter 5. Health insurance for the formal sector in Africa: yes, but... In: Beattie A, Doherty J, Gilson L, Lamo E, Shaw P, editors. Sustainable health care financing in southern Africa: papers from an EDI health policy seminar held in Johannesburg, South Africa, June 1996. Washington: The World Bank; 1997. Available from: http://econ.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64165259&theSitePK=478060&piPK=64165421&menuPK=64166093&entityID=000009265_3980625103042 [accessed 8 October 2012].
- Savedoff WD. Is there a case for social insurance? Health Policy Plan 2004; 19: 183-4 doi: 10.1093/heapol/czh022 pmid: 15070867.
- Makaka A. Role of government stewardship and leadership in SHP. Presented at the: Regional Conference on Social Health Protection in the East African Community, Kigali, 11 September 2012. Available from: http://moh.gov.rw/english/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Presentation-on-Governance-in-Rwanda-CBHI_-Makaka.pptx [accessed 5 October 2012].
- Kutzin J, Jakab M, Shishkin S. From scheme to system: social health insurance funds and the transformation of health financing in Kyrgyzstan and Moldova. In: Chernichovsky D, Hanson K, editors. Innovations in health system finance in developing and transitional economies. Vol. 21, Advances in health economics and health services research. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing; 2009.
- Lagomarsino G, Garabrant A, Adyas A, Muga E, Otoo N. Moving towards universal health coverage: health insurance reforms in nine developing countries in Africa and Asia. Lancet 2012; 380: 933-43 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61147-7 pmid: 22959390.
- Fretheim A, Witter S, Lindahl AK, Olsen IT. Performance-based financing in low- and middle-income countries: still more questions than answers. Bull World Health Organ 2012; 90: 559- doi: 10.2471/BLT.12.106468 pmid: 22893735.
- Kutzin J. A descriptive framework for country-level analysis of health care financing arrangements. Health Policy 2001; 56: 171-204 doi: 10.1016/S0168-8510(00)00149-4 pmid: 11399345.


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Reddit Thread: http://redd.it/1qe0rb
Alex and Loz discuss Mythic Raiding, the new raid difficulty that will be introduced in the World of Warcraft: Warlords of Draenor expansion that was recently announced at Blizzcon 2013.
Mythic raiding so far has left most of the raiding community with a raised brow but this video should help you to understand the thought process behind it. The question on our lips; is this good for the game or bad for the game?
Subscribe for more Warlords of Draenor – Blizzcon 2013 Discussion Videos!
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It is important to know what Head lice looks like as head lice can cause us a lot of trouble. Lice are small insects which have tiny claws at the end of each leg. They are parasites which feed on human blood. The most common part which can get infested with lice is hair. Their claws help to keep them fixed to the base of the hair and scalp.
View more pictures of headlice
Head Lice Can Spread From One Person To Another
Female lice are bigger than male lice. They lay eggs on the hair which are called nits. Lice cannot fly. Still they can spread from one person's head to another's. Therefore one should know what does lice look like. When someone comes in contact with a person with lice infested hair, the lice can spread to his head. Lice can also spread when people use common head wear like caps, helmets, combs etc. Common symptoms which indicate the presence of lice are itchy scalp which can lead to sores, white dot like structures on the base of the hair which mean lice eggs, and a feeling of something constantly crawling on the head which causes the itchiness. The presence of lice in the head is very unhealthy as they feed on our blood. Also the feeling of having something crawling on your head is very irritating. Most will agree that it is also a very unpleasant sight especially if you have to scratch your head vigorously in public.
Treatment For Eliminating Head Lice
It is important to know what does lice look like as one should take steps to eliminate them as urgently as possible. Lice are very tiny insects that are dark grey or black in color. Generally school going children have a tendency to get lice. This is because in school their heads come in contact during games and other activities. Lice should be urgently killed and removed as otherwise it can spread to other family members. It is especially important to know what does head lice look like so that the necessary treatment can be done when you spot them in your child's hair. Usually girls have a greater tendency to get lice than boys. There are different medicines which can kill lice and nits when you apply them on the hair. Such treatments are very convenient and can be done at home. They also give effective results and immediately put a stop to the irritating itchy sensation. It is advisable to treat small children's heads for lice once in awhile so that lice are kept are bay.
Since many people have school going children it is important to know what does lice look so that they can be instantly spotted and eliminated.


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19 Mar
Home Theater Design and Installation in San Ramon, California (CA)Posted in Home Theater, Pre-Wire, Remodel, Speakers, Surround Sound Receivers, Video by Kerry
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(Posted Wed. Feb 5th, 2014)
Today, the National Corn Growers Association's Trade Policy and Biotechnology Action Team concluded its spring meeting in Portland, Ore., where team members reviewed the organization's policy in their area of expertise, reviewed recommendations coming out of the Priority and Policy meeting held earlier in January and met with representatives from government and industry to explore upcoming challenges and opportunities.
Looking at a variety of issues, including how to best support agricultural exports, stress the importance of respecting refuge requirements and facilitate successful communication across the value-chain on their issues, the team will use their in-depth knowledge of the subject matter to develop the nuanced, strategic suggestions needed to help the Corn Board guide NCGA policy effectively.
"During the winter months, it can begin to feel like farmer leaders spend a large amount of time participating in meetings for a variety of agricultural groups," said Team Chair Jim Zimmerman. "As my involvement has increased, I have come to even-more fully appreciate the breadth and scope of the myriad issues facing farmers today. By developing teams with specialization in major areas of opportunity and taking the time to analyze the issues in a critical, thorough manner, we are able to most effectively provide input on how, in our area, the Corn Board can shape NCGA policy and, subsequently, maximize the effectiveness of farmer-funded market development and production activities."
The meeting began Monday morning as growers dug into the specific policies listed in the portion of the handbook corresponding with their team's focus area. Carefully debating the implications of any proposed changes, team members worked diligently to carefully craft a precise, well-constructed document for presentation to the Corn Board and, eventually, Corn Congress.
"Through these discussions, we develop a solid appreciation for the importance of the exact connotation of each word used, and of those not used, in our policy document," said Zimmerman. "But these discussions generate greater thought and analysis than a simple wordsmithing exercise. Examining the future of the industry, the scope of NCGA's role in it and the potential pitfalls of seemingly benign statements leads us to policy recommendations that play a vital role in determining how the organization will proceed on our behalf."
The team also delved more deeply into a variety of areas certain to impact the future of corn farming through presentations from and discussions with leadership from agri-industry. Through these discussions, the farmers gained up-to-the-minute information that they will scrutinize and, as events unfold, incorporate into future recommendations.
Meetings included tours of an export grain elevator in Longview, Wash. And of the Bonneville Lock and Dam at Cascade Locks, Ore. During these site visits, the farmers were able to gain deeper understanding of the logistics issues that impact international trade including situations on the railways system, funding for updates to the waterways infrastructure and the intricacies of shipping commodity grain.
In addition to Zimmerman, team members include Vice Chair Roger Zylstra of Iowa, Corn Board Liaison Kevin Skunes of North Dakota, Don Duvall of Illinois, Robert Gordon of Texas, Robert Hemesath of Iowa, David Howell of Indiana, Brandon Hunnicutt of Nebraska, John Linder of Ohio, Scott Miller of Michigan, Dwight Mork of Minnesota, Jim Raben of Illinois, Jason Reiners of Nebraska, James Stuever as representative of the U.S Grains Council, and Rosalind Leeck of the Indiana Corn Growers Association. NCGA staff in attendance included Director of Biotechnology and Economic Analysis Nathan Fields, Director of Public Policy Zach Kinne, Communications Manager Cathryn Wojcicki and Administrative Assistant Maggie Fogerty.


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Follow Loyola University New Orleans on Twitter
Opera star, Loyola alumnus honored by New Orleans City Council
Loyola press release - August 17, 2012
Norman Treigle '53, a New Orleans native and graduate of the College of Music at Loyola University New Orleans, is often heralded as one of the greatest opera singers of the 20th century. Last week, the New Orleans City Council honored the local native by dedicating the square in front of the Mahalia Jackson Theatre of the Performing Arts as Treigle Plaza.
Treigle, who died in 1975, performed with the New Orleans Opera Association for many years before making his New York City Opera debut in 1953. He went on to become an internationally renowned bass baritone, and returned to New Orleans in 1973 to perform Giuseppe Verdi's "Messa di Requiem" at the opening of the Mahalia Jackson Theater.
His daughter Phyllis Treigle '81, MM '06, also an accomplished opera singer, along with other relatives, were joined by New Orleans Opera Association director Robert Lyall and Treigle biographer Brian Morgan '84 at last week's dedication. Treigle Plaza includes the large fountain directly outside of the theater, as well as the elevated area in front of the main entrance to the theater.
For more information, contact Jess Brown in Loyola's Office of Public Affairs at email@example.com or call 504-861-5882.


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We tried last night (2/6/13) Some More New Wines:
1. UBY IGP: Cotes de Gascogne (80% Colombard/20% UgniBlanc; 11.5%) Domaine d'Uby/Cazaubon 2012: Pale yellow
almost colorless; strong cat pee/SB-like/pungent/herbal/almost fecal bit grapefruity/floral very aromatic
nose; soft strong herbal/cat-pee/SB-like rather metallic/grapefruity/steely/tangy flavor; med. rather
tangy/grapefruity metallic/steely somewhat herbal/cat-pee finish; a strong/assertive white much like
a NZ SauvBlanc w/ a lot of other weird stuff; strange wine but much more interesting than most wines
at this price. $9.00 (BWM)
2. Campi di Fratta DOC: Pagadebit di Romagna (12.5%; www.Celli-Vini.com; wwwMatinicusWines.com) Soc.Agr.
Celli/Bertinoro 2010: Light gold color; very light grapefruity/earthy/citrusy/appley/perfumed talc
rather simple nose; soft light grapefruity/earthy/citrusy/perfumed talc bit metallic/tangy rather light/
simple/dull flavor; soft med.long light grapefruity/earthy/fennel/perfumed talc simple finish; a pleasant
enough wine but rather on the dull/unthrilling side. $12.00 (BWM)
3. ClaudioMorelli DOC: Bianchello del Metauro (la vigna delle terrazze; 13%) Fano/Marche 2010: Light gold
color; quite attractive floral/carnations/dandelions light earthy very perfumed/aromatic nose; fairly
tart very attractive floral/carnations/dandelions some spicy/perfumed light earthy flavor; long very
floral/carnations/dandelions rather spicy light earthy finish; a lovely perfumed/aromatic wine that
reminds me a bit of GruVee at a great price. $15.00 (DaV)
4. Feliciana Felugan DOC: Lugana (13%; www.Feliciana.It; www.MatinicusWines.com) Az.Agr.Feliciana/Brescia
2011: Med.light gold color; some honeyed/mead-like/very ripe bit musky/marigolds light earthy fairly intense
nose; some tart bit honeyed/mead-like/ripe some musky/floral/spicy/pungent/marigolds flavor; fairly long some
tart light honeyed/mead/earthy somewhat musky/floral/marigolds slight spicy finish; a quite rich/ripe/lush
attractive/interesting white at a good price. $15.00 (BWM)
5. Soarda Vespaiolo DOC: Breganze Vespaiolo (13.5%; www.ContraSoarda.It; www.VolioVino.com) Vignaioli Contra
Soarda/Bassano del Grappa 2011: Light gold color; attractive strong/musky/marigolds some honeyed/peach/spicy
slight cheesy/spoiled milk/lactic rather interesting nose; soft rather musky/rich/lush/ripe some honeyed
almost botrytis/peachy some cheesy/spoiled milk fairly dry or off-dry flavor; very long/lingering some
musky/honeyed/spicy/very ripe bit cheesy/spoiled milk finish; quite an unusual and a bit late-harvesty/
honeyed wine but quite attractive & interesting at a very good price. $18.00 (DaV)
6. Vigneti Massa Derthona (100% Timorasso; 14%; www.PortoVinoItaliano.com) Marca Obertenga/Monleale/Piemonte
2010: Med.gold color; beautiful floral/aromatic/pineapply/very spicy/guava almost R/GWT-like wonderfully
perfumed nose; somewhat tart very spicy/floral/pineapple/mango/honeysuckle very spicy bit perfumed talc
almost R-like flavor; very long/lingering very spicy/floral/honeysuckle/pineapple/mango/fruit cocktail
some angel food cake pretty dry/rich/lush finish; powerfully aromatic/perfumey and very exotic; not at
all overpriced at $35.00 (DaV)
7. Cuvee Faustine Ajaccio (100% Vermentino; 13%) Jean-Charles Abbatucci/Casalabriva/Corsica 2011: Very pale
yellow conor; rather low-key earthy bit floral slight musky/pungent/piney some stoney/mineral rather
interesting/complex nose; soft/fat/lush spicy/musky/earthy some floral/piney bit stony/mineral flavor;
slight bitey/bitter ripe/lush musky/piney/pungent/floral/earthy some complex finish; a rather low-key/quiet
sort of wine but easily the best Corsican white I've had; bit pricey for what it is at $39.00 (BWM)
8. Manincor MoscatoGiallo DOC: MuscatoGiallo AltoAdige (13%; www.Manincor.com) ConteEnzenberg/Kaltern/Alto
Adige 2007: Med.dark gold color; beautifully bright/muscatty/floral/hair-oil/orange blossom/cheap perfumed
soap/bergamot very exotic/perfumey nose; dry slightly bitter very perfumed/aromatic/muscatty/cheap perfumed
soap/orange blossom/delicate very exotic flavor; very long/lingering intense/perfumed/orange blossom/apple
blossom/cheap perfumed soap/muscatty dry fairly tart beautiful finish; a very exotic rendition of Muscat
at a very good price. $28.00 (DaV)
9. Ridge Zin PasoRobles BenitoDusiRanch/SLOCnty (14.4%; Bttld: Dec 2011; Drk: 8/11-8/16-8/18: EB) 2010: Dark
color; very strong blackberry/boysenberry/Zin/PR jammy some pencilly/vanilla/oak slight herbal/peppery/
rosemary powerful lovely nose; lightly tart very strong blackberry/boysenberry/PR Zin strong vanilla/
Am.oak flavor w/ modest tannins; long very strong PR/jammy/boysenberry/blackberry/Zin strong Am.oak/
vannila finish w/ light tannins; huge boysenberry fruit but very nice balance & structure. $32.00 (KK)
10. Ridge Zin DusiRanch/PasoRobles/SLOCnty (14.8%; Bttld: Dec 2011; Drk: 8/11-8/18-8/19: EB) 2010: Very dark
color; strong blackberry/boysenberry/Zin less PR/jammy more spicy/classic Zin bit more toasty/oak and less
vanilla somewhat more interesting nose; tarter/leaner rich intense blackberry/boysenberry/Zin/slight
PR jammy more spicy/peppery flavor w/ bit more tannins and structure; long strong blackberry/boysenberry/Zin/
some PR jammy more restrained toasty/smokey/vanilla/Am.oak finish w/ a bit more tannic structure; a bit more
complex/interesting than the regular PR Zin. $32.00 (ATP)
11. Ottimino Zin vonWeidlichVnyd/RRV (14.8%; 6098 btls) Occidental 2002: Dark color w/ no bricking; very spicy
bit herbal/thyme some blackberry/Zin bit toasty/pencilly/oak/BBQ sauce some dusty/OV rather complex nose;
somewhat tart bright/very spicy/blackberry/Zin light pencilly/toasty/oak bit dusty/OV slightly dried out/
tannic rather complex flavor; very long smokey/pungent/pencilly/BBQ sauce/oak some blackberry/Zin/very spicy
slightly tannic/dried out finish; really lovely mature Zin nose but starting to dry out a bit on the palate.
12. Radio-Coteau Zin vonWeidlichVnyd/RRV (15.6%; 265 cs; U/U) EricSussman/Sebastapol 2005: Very dark color w/ no
bricking; very strong blackberry/Zin/very spicy rather pungent/ozone/burning graphite/very strange strong toasty/
charred/oak slight volatile/pickle juice/carnations/garlic some earthy/herbal kinda weird nose; soft slight hot/
alcoholic/volatile/pickle juice/dill strong ripe/blackberry/Zin/herbal rather pencilly/toasty/charred/oak flavor
w/ some tannins; very long ripe/blackberry/Zin/herbal strong toasty/charred/oak bit volatile/pickle juice some
pungent/ozone/graphite/WWII beacon finish w/ some modest tannins; lots of ripe Zin fruit but a bunch of other
strange things in there as wel; seems to be evolving in a very weird way. $34.00
13. VenteuxVnyds PetiteSyrah PasoRobles (14.6%; www.VenteuxVineyards.com) Templeton 2007: Very dark color; very
strong toasty/charred/oak/vanilla very perfumey blackberry/boysenberry/blueberry/PS slight earthy nose; soft/fat
very strong toasty/charred/oak/vanilla strong blackberry/blueberry/PS bit PR jammy some hot/alcoholic flavor
w/ light tannins; med.long strong blackberry/blueberry/PS strong toasty/charred/burnt/vanilla/oak rather soft/fat
finish w/ light tannins; a bit of PR jammy character and a lot of oak and lacking structure but pretty decent
PS for the price. $25.00
The usual pontifications from TheBloodyPulpit:
1. Pagadebit: This Emilia-Romagna wine is made from a grape technically known as BombinoBianco. The Pagadebit name
comes from "debt payer" because the yields were so high the poor farmers could pay off their debts. The grape
is also widely grown in Puglia. According to RobTebeau's FringeWine Site, some of the Pagadebit grown in Emilia-
Romagna may actually be the much rarer Mostosa grape. Whatever the heck the grape, this wine was singularly
unthrilling. Guess I can throw Pagadebit off my bucket list.
2. Bianchello: This Marche wine comes from a grape variety known as Biancame. Supposedly related to Trebbiano..but
I have my doubts. This wine was far/far better than any Trebbiano I've had. This was an incredibly perfumed
wine that I liked quite a lot.
3. Lugana: This Marche wine does not specifically identify the grape used. Presumably made from Trebbiano di Lugana,
which is not a member of the Trebbiano family, but a grape known as Turbiana or VerdicchioBianco.
4. Vespaiolo: This variety is grown in the Veneto and often gets very ripe and made into dessert or passito wines,
particularly in the Torcolato wine. This is the first dry version I recall tasting. You can sorta see its predeliction
for being a dessert wine.
5. Derthona: This is a variety also known as Timorasso, a variety that was nearly extinct in the '80's until single-
handedly revived by WalterMassa in the CollineTortonesi of the Piedmonte. I was first introduced to this grape
about 10 yrs ago by DarrellCorti and don't remember being particularly impressed. We had the LaColombera some
three yrs ago and I was mightly impressed. This Massa was an even more impressive wine. They should be planting
more of this in the Piedmonte and all up&down the coast of Calif.
6. MoscatoGiallo: Also known a Yellow Muscat or GoldMuskateller in the AltoAdige. JancisRobinson seems to indicate that
this is the same as Fior d'Arancio (Orange Muscat) of the CollioEuganie, but one grapvine nursery site refutes
this claim. This wine certainly resembled other Orange Muscats I've tried.
This wine was very/very exotic and perfumed. Muscats can, like Concord, ofttimes be too much of a good thing and
sorta overpowering, both in the nose & on the palate. This wine was powerfully aromatic but had a bright/gentle/
delicate character that kept it from being overpowering or cloying. When I was little (which was not all that long ago)
and we'd go grocery shopping on payday, my parents would buy bags of the cheapest bath soap at A&P. They had this very
intense cheap perfumey character to them that I loved to smell. This wine rekindled those childhood memories of carrying
in that bag of cheap soap. As NealRosenthal writes in his book: "The finest of wines pave the path to memory". Very true.
7. Ridge Dusi: When I had the Ridge PasoRobles almost a yr ago, I thought it was one of the best Ridge Pasos of late. When
the Ridge Dusi arrived in early Jan; I tried it, fresh off the boat, and thought it was a nice Paso Zin, but just that,
no more. So I decided to pair the two of them in this tasting. This time I somewhat preferred the Ridge Dusi. It was
less PR jammy, displayed more classic Zin spice, and the oak was not as vanilla-ey but more toasty/smokey in character;
those still distinctly PR Zin. Just a bit more interesting and less simple.
8. vonWeidlich: This is a beautiful old-vine vnyd up on Occidental ridge near the GreenVlly AVA. Back in the '70's, Ridge
used to take these grapes to make their legendary Occidental Zin. It was a vnyd I was very sorry to see Ridge give up,
put Paul felts they had so much trouble getting the grapes to ripen that it wasn't worth holding on to. He recounts
the story of driving up there one harvest and seeing RobertWeidlich (the "von" is a self-awarded title) standing there
beside the picking bins and tossing handfuls of C&H onto the grapes.
The vnyd was planted in 1937 and originally owned by the Morelli family. vonWeidlich purchased it in 1969. The grapes
originally went to Radio-Coteau, but Eric no longer gets those grapes. The Ottimino is a cooperation between BradAlper
and BillKnuttle. I believe Brad now does the farming of that vnyd. Deloach also gets vonWeidlich Zin grapes but I've
never tasted that wine. I would love to see some of those grapes go to MikeOfficer and Morgan Twain-Peterson.


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A photograph is a secret about a secret. The more it tells you the less you know. ~ Diane Arbus
love these images so much !
Thanks so much everyone of you who passes through here, stops to comment and visits regularly. I value each and every visit and comment. :)) love,Eaton


text:
They�re both highly regarded enforcers of the law, with a track record of sniffing out leads and chasing down crooks.
But soon they�ll each hang up their badges and officially retire to a life of contentment and kibble.
Vador and Canto are two of the five K-9s in the Gastonia Police Department�s field services division. They�re 10 and 8 and a half years old, respectively, and have patrolled the city�s streets � and often woods, backyards and other bad guy hiding places � for most of their lives.
Time catches up with even the best officers, however, and the two German shepherds are no exception. Old age and health issues will cause them to formally call it a career soon.
�Typically, 10 years or so is a real good run for the K-9s,� said Gastonia Police Chief Stacy Conley. �These two dogs, they did a real good service for us.�
Both will likely be released into the care of K-9 handlers as pets.
Gastonia has slots for six K-9 positions, but one of the dogs died last year. With the retirement of Vador and Canto, the department will soon purchase three new dogs, Conley said.
The well-trained animals cost more than $7,000 a piece. Gastonia will pay for that in part with $230,000 it received as a reimbursement from the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Police Department, for providing officers during the Democratic National Convention, Conley said.
Conley said the dogs provide an invaluable service to police, and Vador and Canto have proven that.
Can-do Canto
Officer Ronnie Bozardt became Canto�s handler after inheriting the shepherd from another officer 18 months ago.
�He weighs 100 pounds, and for a dog like him, that�s big,� he said, as Canto barked in the background, perhaps in objection. �We like to keep them around 70 or 80 pounds. It�s easier for them to jump fences and stuff.�
Like his peers, Canto was dual-trained to track both suspects and narcotics. He�s sniffed lockers during school drug sweeps and has been called to homes when officers are serving warrants and believe drugs may be on the premises.
Canto was involved in tracking a suspect in an armed robbery just last week.
�I think I�ve probably had 12 to 14 catches (of suspects) with him on tracks,� Bozardt said.
He said Canto has found about $10,000 in cash during narcotic searches of late. On one occasion, a state trooper had stopped a vehicle on I-85 and called for a K-9 to search it. Canto alerted authorities to the fact that one of the women in the car had $5,000 in cash in her pants.
�The thought was they�d made a drug delivery and were on their way back to Georgia with the money,� Bozardt said.
Canto has been a good playmate with Bozardt�s children at home. But when he gets in the police car or has the 30-foot tracking lead attached to his collar, �he knows it�s time to go to work.�
Bozardt already owns a retired K-9, so a fellow officer will be �adopting� Canto.
�He�s done good,� he said. �So it�s time to let him rest out his days.�
Vigilant Vador
Sgt. Thomas Doby was Vador�s second handler, and has been paired with the K-9 about six years.
The two bonded after training and becoming accustomed to one another.
�He�s a real sociable dog and has a good personality,� Doby said. �He was a solid dog as far as drug work goes. His tracking was great.�
Vador tracked between 150 and 175 suspects in the last six years, Doby estimated. One of the most memorable cases came one night in 2008. A Mississippi law enforcement officer, who was traveling through the area and staying here overnight, was murdered in a motel parking lot.
Vador led police to a neighboring motel and a room where two teenagers had been, then to another residence elsewhere where they had fled. Both of them were eventually caught, charged and convicted of the killing.
In another incident before that, a teenager stabbed two nurses at Gaston Memorial Hospital before stealing an ID badge and fleeing the scene, Doby said. Starting from the hospital parking lot, Vador brushed aside the challenges of picking up a scent from asphalt and started the hunt.
�We tracked (the suspect) for the better part of a mile and found him,� Doby said. �That led to (Vador) getting a couple of commendations.�
Vador was already having health problems, so he was taken out of service when Doby was promoted and moved out of the K-9 division three months ago. Doby expects to be awarded possession when the German shepherd retires and is declared surplus property soon.
�He�s my buddy,� he said. �To this day, I still look back in my car and it�s odd with him not being there.
�The good thing now is that he�ll just get to relax and play.�
You can reach Michael Barrett at 704-869-1826 or twitter.com/GazetteMike.


text:
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Here is the Coca Cola salad Bob's mother used to make - very sketchy directions but you get the idea. This is also the recipe that uses the Bing Cherries that my cousin, Julie Martin, mailed to me at Christmas.
1 pkg. Raspberry Jell-O
1 pkg. Cherry Jell-O
2 cans Bing cherries, sweet (drained)
1 small can crushed pineapple (drained, saving some for cream cheese topping)
1 cup nuts
2 bottles coca cola (cold)
She used coke that was sold in individual glass bottles. I imagine they held about same amount as our canned drinks of today.
Then mix one 4 oz. pkg. cream cheese with a small amount of pineapple juice.
Sprinkle walnut or pecan pieces to top.
Tastes great!
Copyright 2008 Photo taken by Judy Shubert


text:
|Posted by mrjustjohn on December 8, 2007 at 12:19 PM
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Wednesday, June 25, 2008
Mystery CT Scan
This a CT scan of a really cool problem we've probably all heard of but never seen. For the sake of argument let's call our patient "Carl Peel"- Dr. Peel's illegitimate son by Bill Clinton. He came in just a few days ago. I'll give everybody some time to guess the diagnosis before giving the whole story. What is wrong with Carl?
35 comments:
Carl has a broken heart and dry skin.ReplyDelete
Carl's liver looks like an octopus.ReplyDelete
Or a jellyfish. Heh, I'm going to the beach house this weekend. Can you tell?ReplyDelete
**his liver enzymes also look like my spam word --gtqql. Not good.**
I think Carl has liver flukes. It's a fluke, but it happens.ReplyDelete
- Anonymous3:01 PM, June 25, 2008
Could be Gallstone Pancreatitis, or a Splenic Artery Thrombosis, Idiopathic Pneumobilia, Pneumoperitoneum, or a case of Kuru. Dammit this is stealing the Thunder from my "Why I hate Radiologists" post.ReplyDelete
- harry the ih3:07 PM, June 25, 2008
Carl's primary dysfunction is that he's the son of Bill Clinton and Dr. Peel. It has nothing to do with the CT scan - it's all psychiatric.ReplyDelete
- Anonymous3:22 PM, June 25, 2008
Could be an inferior vena caval thrombosis around a Greenfield Filter. Damnit I wanted to be a radiologist.ReplyDelete
Ormond's diseaseReplyDelete
I had that fluke shit nailed. Damn.ReplyDelete
- Anonymous5:26 PM, June 25, 2008
ladies. This is Classic "DSB", or Deadly Sperm Buildup. Do NOT fuck with this. Apply lips to Johnson rod, bob forward, then back, repeat.ReplyDelete
No clue, but I just had a CT scan today. This better not be mine!ReplyDelete
Cranial-Rectal inversion?ReplyDelete
good guesses everyone.ReplyDelete
etotheipi, way to take us right to the gutter. classy. very classy.
radgirl, this is most assuredly not your CT. also, dear radgirl, you may want to check out MDOD professor emeritus frank drackman's post here. i think you will want to chime in.
I know my professors, and Frank ain't no professor. He's too, um... uninhibited.ReplyDelete
I've rec'd 0.0000 hours of training in reading CT scans, but I'll go biliary atresia.ReplyDelete
- Anonymous10:28 PM, June 25, 2008
He's got a jellyfish in his right upper quadrant.ReplyDelete
Poor carl has thrombosis of his portal system, or possibly just his superior mesenteric vein. I bet he presented with diffuse abd. pain, non localized at first. Had to have a portion of his bowel resected, but is doing ok now, no? Carl was found at workup to have protein C deficiency.ReplyDelete
Herpes? Chlamydia? Underdeveloped twin in the abdomen?ReplyDelete
Nice try Etotheipi. Problem is many spouses are worth more dead so this may not be a convincing argument.
- Anonymous11:44 PM, June 25, 2008
He needs some colonics. If only mainstream medicine would admit that colon cleansing is the answer, you all would be out of business.ReplyDelete
- Anonymous1:05 AM, June 26, 2008
My first thought was his problem was being Deb's son. Then when I looked at the CT my impression was like Frank's.ReplyDelete
Clot around a filter causing portal HTN.
Parasites, or Fibro!ReplyDelete
- Dr. Peel7:50 AM, June 26, 2008
ok, here's a stretch:ReplyDelete
-"Carl" is a subtle reference to Caddyshack.
-Carl Spackler was given the option of swimming in a "pool or the pond", with preference being given to the pond
-Carl swam in the pond
-Carl got a liver fluke (eg clonorchis)
-Carl got cholangiocarcinoma
-Carl died.
-Fuck all'y'all
- Anonymous11:17 AM, June 26, 2008
But he got Total ConsciousnessReplyDelete
He ate a dwarf?ReplyDelete
- Anonymous12:26 PM, June 26, 2008
I have to agree with the thought of an IVC filter.ReplyDelete
Doc In KY
Is Carl a drug abuser?ReplyDelete
Brainworms. Duh.ReplyDelete
Is anybody (read:911) going to tell us what is wrong with Carl?ReplyDelete
- medrecgal9:22 PM, June 26, 2008
Looks like the poor chap's got some kind of obstruction in his portal circulation...don't know if it's related to parasites, or alcohol, or some sort of funky hepatitis or what.ReplyDelete
Just a wild guess. In any case, it looks like he's in deep trouble!
Cat and Anon are probably close. This looks like a broken Greenfield filter with perforation of the inferior vena cava and retroperitoneal hemorrhage as the likely cause of the inflammatory changes inferior to the IVC and/or portal vein..Suspect he was in serious pain.ReplyDelete
I've never seen it happen but supposedly is a complication of placement of the IVC.
And maybe he did have a clotting disorder, antithrombin deficiency etc as the reason for placement secondary to recurrent PE's..
DING! DING! DING!ReplyDelete
Oldfart proves again that youth and speed are no match for orneriness and cynical thinking.
70 year old man in excruciating flank pain. Looked like a kidney stone but 70 year old men have something terrible with this kind of pain until proven otherwise.
the messed-up/broken greenfield filter can be seen on the left hand picture as white wormy things where the 'tentacles' come out of the 'jellfish' (liver).
the greenfiled is a little metal umbrella that is placed in the inferior vena cava by catheter to catch blood clots travelling to the lungs from the legs.
this one broke and caused big time bleeding which extends into the retroperitoneum.
history ruled this case. 70 years old, acute flank pain, recent filter placement. scan was done to confirm what i thought was a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. wrong!
stat to the OR for repair. not sure how he did. will find out.
never seen this before. probably never see it again.
- Anonymous5:03 AM, June 27, 2008
Hey, I said it first, the Filter part anyway.ReplyDelete
you are correct. you did say it first. somehow your comment escaped my notice, but, to be fair, it's a 'broken greenfield filter' hotshot.
- Anonymous11:01 PM, June 27, 2008
If this happens to my grandpa, who can I sue? The manufacturer? The surgeon? The hospital? The ER doc who didn't diagnose it immediately? As in 5 minutes before I got to the hospital?ReplyDelete
What were his press ganey scores? Was his pain assessed frequently.
Great presentation, 911. Talk about wierd!ReplyDelete
I hereby decree that, now and henceforth forever, these radiological findings shall be referred to by all educated healthcare professionals as "abdominal jellyfish sign," which shall be pathoneumonic for "oh shit, the greenfield broke and Carl is bleeding to death! Get the general surgeon! Oh shit, oh shit, oh shit!"


text:
Information for Developers
- 1 Bugzilla
- 2 Patches
- 3 Setting up a flexible development environment
- 4 PHP 4 compatibility coding oddities collection
- 5 CVS Access (deprecated)
You can access our Bugzilla database here. We welcome any bug reports and feature requests, so long as they are understandably written and flagged correctly (mostly an issue of setting the severity between enhancement; trivial; minor; normal; major; critical; or blocker levels, although you can also set the priority as well if you'd like). You can see a great set of bug-writing guidelines here.
You are also advised to search for similar reports to avoid duplication.
Making Patches
We're always happy to receive patches, whether for contribution to a project or for general community availability on the forums. The one thing we do ask is that you provide the patch in Unified Diff format. If you are using our git instructions to work with the application codebase (highly recommended), you can create unified diffs via git using the following command:
git diff -u ./ > patch.diff
... which will find all differences in the working directory and recursively, and write them to a file called patch.diff.
Applying Patches
If you want to apply a patch, download it to your development environment, and from the application's root directory and run
patch -p0 < ./path/to/patch.diff
The --dry-run option to the patch tool allows you to safely test the patch to see if it will apply cleanly, and if not, where the conflicts will arise.
For more Windows (and general) information, also see this forum thread.
Setting up a flexible development environment
NB: This is not a beginner's installation/configuration tutorial. We only highlight a few important differences from a standard installation as a help for experienced PKP, database, PHP and web server users.
Install and Configure Databases
- There is nothing special to the database installation. Use your OS' standard installation procedure to install the necessary databases you want to test in parallel.
- Edit config.inc.php to switch the database connection.
Install and Configure supported PHP versions
- Download or build the PHP binaries you want to test (newer versions can be downloaded from php.net or are part of the standard OS distributions, older versions must be built from source).
- You'll need the thread-safe version if you want to test mod_php in Apache.
- Install all binaries and configuration separately. Do not create any shared files or configuration (separate php.ini, separate installation directories).
- On Windows:
- Get the PHP zip arquive distributions where available and unzip them into separate folders.
- XAMPP has lots of old Windows binaries if the version you look for is no longer officially supported on php.net.
- Download the thread-safe VC6 version as VC9 versions are not compatible with Apache.
- Do not install DLL files in C:\WINDOWS or any other directory on the path.
- Do not install any registry keys.
- Do not configure any shared environment variables.
- Exception: Install PEAR in a central folder that is accessible by all PHP versions. Install necessary PEAR dependencies (e.g. PHPUnit, etc.) - see separate documentation on this Wiki for that.
- Edit the development php.ini files as required:
- extension_dir must point to the absolute path of the version specific extension binaries
- enable extensions required by PKP software (e.g. database client, GD, etc.)
- for PHP 4's php.ini only: cgi.fix_pathinfo=1
- optional: error_reporting, display_errors, log_errors, error_log, max_execution_time, xdebug
- Test all PHP installations separately: /path/to/php -c /path/to/php.ini -v (This should discover most problems with wrong extension paths).
For PHP 4 only: If you get an error "Client does not support authentication protocol requested by server" or simply "Database connection failed" in PHP4 while everything works fine for PHP5 then you may have created your MySQL account with a new style password.
Entering the following statement from a working MySQL client should fix the problem:
SET PASSWORD FOR 'some_user'@'some_host' = OLD_PASSWORD('newpwd');
Install and Configure Apache
We use Apache so that we can test CGI, FCGI and Module configurations in parallel. Install Apache 2.2 (standard distribution for your OS). Then get and install mod_fcgid as explained on the linked web pages.
All the magic lies in Apache's httpd.conf. Here's the Windows version. It should be easy to adapt that to your specific OS:
#General CGI Support <IfDefine CGI> LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so AddHandler application/x-httpd-php .php </IfDefine>
#General FCGI Support <IfDefine FCGI> LoadModule fcgid_module modules/mod_fcgid.so AddHandler fcgid-script .php <Directory "C:/path/to/your/pkp/doc/root"> Options +ExecCGI </Directory> </IfDefine>
#PHP 4.3 support <IfDefine PHP43> <IfDefine CGI> Action application/x-httpd-php "/php-cgi/php.exe" ScriptAlias /php-cgi/ "C:/path/to/php43/" <Directory "C:/path/to/php43"> Order allow,deny Allow from 127.0.0.1 </Directory> </IfDefine> </IfDefine>
#PHP 5.2 support <IfDefine PHP52> <IfDefine MODULE> LoadFile "C:/path/to/php52/php5ts.dll" LoadFile "C:/path/to/php52/libmysql.dll" # This is required (PHP52 only) otherwise PHP might load libmysql.dll from MySQL's own bin LoadModule php5_module "C:/path/to/php52/php5apache2_2.dll" PHPIniDir "C:/path/to/php52" </IfDefine>
<IfDefine FCGI> FcgidWrapper "C:/path/to/php52/php-cgi.exe" .php </IfDefine>
<IfDefine CGI> Action application/x-httpd-php "/php-cgi/php-cgi.exe" ScriptAlias /php-cgi/ "C:/path/to/php52/" <Directory "C:/path/to/php52"> Order allow,deny Allow from 127.0.0.1 </Directory> </IfDefine> </IfDefine>
#PHP 5.3 support <IfDefine PHP53> <IfDefine MODULE> LoadFile "C:/path/to/php53/php5ts.dll" LoadModule php5_module "C:/path/to/php53/php5apache2_2.dll" PHPIniDir "C:/path/to/php53" </IfDefine>
<IfDefine FCGI> FcgidWrapper "C:/path/to/php53/php-cgi.exe" .php </IfDefine>
<IfDefine CGI> Action application/x-httpd-php "/php-cgi/php-cgi.exe" ScriptAlias /php-cgi/ "C:/path/to/php53/" <Directory "C:/path/to/php53"> Order allow,deny Allow from 127.0.0.1 </Directory> </IfDefine> </IfDefine>
DocumentRoot "C:/path/to/your/pkp/doc/root"
<Directory "C:/path/to/your/pkp/doc/root"> Options +FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory>
Now all you need to switch configurations is starting Apache like this:
http -D(PHP43|PHP52|PHP53) -D(MODULE|CGI|FCGI)
A few examples:
http -DPHP43 -DCGI http -DPHP52 -DMODULE http -DPHP53 -DFCGI
Please note that PHP 4.3 only supports CGI mode. PHP 4's module is only compatible with Apache 1.3 or 2.0 and PHP 4 does not correctly interpret fcgi's PATH_INFO when used with the FcgiWrapper directive.
PHP 4 compatibility coding oddities collection
We'll not try to reproduce a full catalogue of PHP4/5 incompatibilities here. Have a look at http://www.php.net/manual/en/migration5.php which is quite complete. There are however some PKP-specific solutions to certain compatibility problems that we document here.
Chaining -> accessors
PHP 4 does not support the chaining of -> accessors. We therefore write:
$someTempVar =& $firstObject->getOtherObject(); $someTargetVar =& $someTempVar->getTargetObject();
Passing objects as method parameters
Most of the more serious PHP4 compatibility problems have to do with the fact that PHP5 passes and assigns objects by reference by default while PHP4 makes shallow copies if not explicitly asked to use references. This results in a few coding particularities that I'll describe here.
We always use explicit by-ref method parameters when possible. This will automatically guarantee PHP4/5 compatibility:
function myMethod(&myObject) { ... }
Assigning objects to variables by-ref
We always assign objects explicitly by-ref when possible. This will automatically guarantee PHP4/5 compatibility:
$myObject =& $myOtherObject;
Default values for by-ref method parameters
PHP 5 allows default values for by-ref method parameters while PHP 4 doesn't. Default parameters for by-ref objects usually don't make sense. There's one notable exception though: Initializing a variable with null when the by-ref parameter is optional. As PHP4 doesn't support assinging default values to default parameters, we'll write
function myMethod(myObject = null) {...}
to maintain PHP4 compatibility although this is less efficient in PHP4.
Returning parameters by-ref
Returning non-variable return values by-ref in PHP 5 generates a warning while PHP 4 tolerates this. We therefore always use the following workaround:
function &myMethod() { ... $returner = null; return $returner; }
Use of $this in the constructor
This is a tricky one. To understand it look at the following code:
class Test { var $instance; var $data; function Test() { $this->instance =& $this; } } $instanceFromNew = new Test(); $instanceFromConstructor =& $instanceFromNew->instance; $instanceFromNew->data = 1; $instanceFromConstructor->data = 2; echo $instanceFromNew->data."\n"; echo $instanceFromConstructor->data;
This will result in the output 1 - 2 for PHP 4 and 2 - 2 for PHP 5.
$instanceFromNew = new Test();
$instanceFromNew =& new Test();
Solves the problem in PHP 4 but causes a deprecation warning in PHP 5.3.
This is especially problematic in our case as we use lambda functions for validation that are created in the constructor and often get $this passed in as a parameter. If we don't use ... =& new ... in the caller then changes made by the instantiating caller to the object later on will not appear to the validator in PHP 4. This leads to validation errors and can cause security vulnerabilities. In PHP 5.3 the deprecation warning will be raised on parse time. This means that the workaround no longer works. We have to switch off E_DEPRECATION in PHP 5.3 until we drop PHP 4 compatibility.
Our solution to this problem is:
- When you create a reference to $this within the constructor that will later be used to access data in the object instance that might be changed by the instantiating caller then you'll have to use the following workaround:
if (checkPhpVersion('5.0.0')) { // WARNING: This form needs $this in constructor ... = new ...; } else { ... =& new ...; }
- In all other cases just use
... = new ...
in the caller. This is a little less efficient in PHP 4 but makes the code more readable and easier to maintain.
CVS Access (deprecated)
CVS Access is now deprecated in favor of git. Please see our git documentation on the Wiki's main page. The following documentation is for those who don't have access to git.
Web-based CVS
You can browse our CVS repository online here.
Command Line CVS access
(This is not a guide on how to use CVS. For more CVS information, try here, here, and here.
You can check out all CVS modules via anonymous CVS. Before you do so, you should know which modules, exactly, you want to work with. OJS and OCS each have a stable and devel branch; the stable branches are standalone maintenance releases (extensions of OJS 2.2.2 and OCS 2.1.1 codebases), while the devel branches also requires the PKP Web Application Library (WAL) be checked out and installed in the lib/ directory. Harvester2 and Open Monograph Press only have one devel branch, and each require the PKP WAL. Lemon8 is a standalone program with only one branch at the moment.
Setting up the Environment
The following instructions are more or less directly applicable to any *nix operating systems (OS X incl.); Windows users probably need to do things a little differently. Also, these are general instructions, pertaining to how I manage my own setup -- you might want to do things a little bit differently.
Firstly, create a CVS directory to store all your cvs checkouts in. I created mine in /Users/jmacgreg/ and then entered into the new directory, from which I ran the remaining commands:
mkdir /Users/jmacgreg/cvs cd cvs
You'll then have to log into our CVS repository using our anonymous credentials:
cvs -d :pserver:email@example.com:/cvs login
You will be asked for a password — there is none, so just hit enter. After which you should be able to run the following commands to grab specific modules.
OJS and OCS stable branches
To grab the OCS and OJS stable branches, run the following commands:
cvs -d :pserver:firstname.lastname@example.com:/cvs checkout -d ojs2-stable -r ojs2-branch-2_2_2 ojs2
The above command will download the current code for the OJS 2.2.2 branch of the ojs2 module, and deposit in a new 'ojs2-stable' directory in the directory you are currently in (you moved to your cvs/ directory, right?)
cvs -d :pserver:email@example.com:/cvs checkout -d ocs2-stable -r ocs2-branch-2_1_1 ocs2
The above command will download the OCS 2.1.1 code into ocs2-stable/.
Setting this up to be served by Apache is up to you (I have it symlinked to my web folder). Remember, while this branch is still fairly stable in comparison to the heavily modified devel branch, it's still a work in progress and shouldn't be used in a production environment unless you know what you're doing.
Development Branches
OJS and OCS development branches, as well as the only Harvester2 and OMP (and de facto development) branches, all work a little differently: they all rely on the PKP WAL module as a dependency. The WAL module needs to be 'installed' (symlinking is fine) in each branches' lib/ directory.
First, checkout the packages you need:
OJS devel (2.3):
cvs -d :pserver:email@example.com:/cvs checkout -d ojs2-devel ojs2
Harvester devel (2.3):
cvs -d :pserver:email@example.com:/cvs checkout -d harvester2 harvester2
OMP devel (2.3):
cvs -d :pserver:firstname.lastname@example.com:/cvs checkout -d omp omp
Now the tricky part. You need to download the PKP WAL (called 'pkp' in CVS) and either copy it or symlink it to your devel instances' lib/ directory. I prefer symlinking, as I can do this for each devel instance I'm running, and only have to remember to update one directory.
Checkout the pkp module:
cvs -d :pserver:email@example.com:/cvs checkout -d pkp pkp
Symlink the module to eg. OJS' lib/ directory:
ln -s /Users/jmacgreg/cvs/pkp /Users/jmacgreg/cvs/ojs2-devel/lib/pkp
... and repeat as necessary for each application.
Alternatively, it is possible to change into the ojs2-devel/lib and create, what are called, relative symlinks:
cd ojs2-devel/lib ln -s ../../pkp