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BRUNSWICK, Maine – Four MIT runners placed in the top 20 overall, as the No. 9 nationally ranked men's cross country team secured a runner-up performance at the Bowdoin College Invitational on Saturday. The meet was a chance for the Cardinal and Gray to preview the course that will host the New England Division III championship later this fall.
Andrew Erickson (Shorewood, Wis.) was the top performer for the Engineers, finishing in 11th place with a time of 27:04.64 on the eight-kilometer course. Jay McKenna (Hilliard, Ohio) came through the chute directly behind Erickson in 27:06.80. Matthew Weaver (Newton, Mass.) was two spots behind that, finishing with a time of 27:11.41. Kris Frey (Lake Forest, Calif.) placed 17th, completing the course in 27:14.03. Eric Safai (Los Altos, Calif.) rounded out the scoring for the Tech, taking 23rd place in 27:46.16.
The host Polar Bears swept the top sixth positions and finished with a team score of 15 to take first place. Tech's total of 67 was good for the second spot.
MIT will begin the championship portion of its schedule next Saturday, October 8 at the All-New England Championship. The Engineers will take on teams from across all three divisions in the meet, which will be held at Franklin Park in Boston and begins at 12:00 p.m.


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subset: commoncrawl


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The playgoing public of Madrid in the time of Tirso de Molina
University Press of the South, 2001 - Performing Arts - 191 pages
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SAMJ: South African Medical Journal
versão On-line ISSN 2078-5135
versão impressa ISSN 0256-9574
SAMJ, S. Afr. med. j. vol.102 no.3 Cape Town Mar. 2012
Nurses at risk for occupationally acquired blood-borne virus infection at a South African academic hospital
T MosendaneI; M C KewII; R OsihIII; A MahomedIV
IMB BCh, Departments of Medicine and Gastroenterology, University of the Witwatersrand, and Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
IIMD, MPH, Departments of Medicine and Gastroenterology, University of the Witwatersrand, and Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
IIIFCP(SA), Departments of Medicine and Gastroenterology, University of the Witwatersrand, and Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
IVPhD, MD, DSc, FRCP(Lond), Departments of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg and University of Cape Town
AIM: We aimed to ascertain if there had been any improvement in the number of nurses being immunised against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a large academic hospital in which, 10 years previously, only 30.6% of the nurses were immune to infection with the virus, and to ascertain the incidence of infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in these nurses.
METHODS: We studied 170 predominantly black nurses. Their blood was tested for the presence of active or past HBV infection using appropriate immunoassays, HCV infection by chromatographic immunoassays confirmed by polymerase chain reaction assays, and HIV using a rapid test confirmed by enzymelinked immunosorbent assays.
RESULTS: Serum of 89 (52.4%) nurses was positive for hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs). Of these nurses 18 said that they had not received the vaccine; the serum of 9 of these was positive for anti-hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) as well as anti-HBs, indicating natural infection with the virus. Of the nurses positive for anti-HBs, 89 were tested for anti-HBc; 28.2% tested positive for anti-HBc. Three nurses gave dates of immunisation that fell outside of their nursing careers; 3 (1.8%) were actively infected with the virus; 2 (1.8%) were infected with HCV; 10 nurses (5.9%) were positive for HIV.
CONCLUSION: Nurses at this academic hospital remain at high risk of work-related HBV infection.
Hepatitis viruses are some of the many occupational infectious bloodborne pathogens for which healthcare workers (HCWs) are at risk. The hazard is particularly severe in some developing countries, where as many as 47% of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and 45% of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are the result of percutaneous occupational exposures.1
HBV is endemic in South Africa. The South African black population has the highest incidence of infection,2 with prevalences of antibody to the hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) of 42.9%, 3.4%, and 1.2% in black, Asian, and Caucasian blood donors, respectively.2,3 The HBV carrier rate (as evidenced by the persistent presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the individual's serum) in South African blacks is approximately 9%, with the black population in rural areas having significantly higher rates (10%) than those in urban areas (1%).4 In the Caucasian and Asian populations carrier rates are low, being 0.23% and 0.18% in Caucasian South African men and women, respectively.5 In contrast, the seroprevalence of HCV infection is low in all South African populations,4,6 the anti-HCV prevalence being 1.2%, 0.8%, and 0.6% in blacks, Asians, and Caucasians, respectively.3 It has been estimated that an HCW's overall risk of contracting hepatitis is four times greater than that of the general adult population.7 The risk to HCWs in South Africa has not been determined, although it probably is at least as high as that in Brazil.8,9
Approximately 5.7 million South Africans are currently living with HIV, with 8.8% of the adult population aged between 15 and 49 years being infected.10
Of HIV-infected individuals, 66%10,11 have evidence of either past or present infection with HBV. Because HBV vaccine has been included in the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) in South Africa only since 1995, these individuals would not have been immunised at birth and would therefore have been susceptible to HBV infection.6 The prevalence of HIV/HBV co-infection in the South African population ranges between 6% and 17%.11,12 In the USA between 50% and 90% of HIV-infected people have serological markers of past HBV infection and 5-10% are chronic carriers of the virus.13 Anti-HCV antibody testing in 1 649 CAESAR study participants demonstrated an HIV/HCV co-infection prevalence of 1.9% in South Africa.14
Deaths among HIV-infected people with chronic HBV and HCV infections, now seen as a result of end-stage liver disease, have increased worldwide.15 Studies by Lukhwareni et al.10 strongly support the policy that all HIV-positive patients initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in South Africa be screened for HBV, and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in the USA recommend that all HIV-infected HCWs be vaccinated against HBV.16
Studies on the impact of HIV/AIDS on the health sector in four provinces in South Africa in 2002 and in two public hospitals in Johannesburg in 2005 estimated the HIV seroprevalence among HCWs to be 15.7%17 and 11.5%18 respectively. In South Africa, vaccination against HBV is available at no cost to all HCWs at risk,19 yet HCWs remain susceptible. At an academic hospital in Johannesburg in 1996, among 402 HCWs, of whom 80.6% were blacks and 19.4% whites, 30.6% had HBV antibodies and 1.8% tested positive for HCV antibodies.20 In Denmark, where the prevalence of blood-borne viral infections is low, the prevalence of HIV, HCV and HBV was 0%, 0.14% and 1.6% respectively among HCWs in an academic hospital.21
Our purpose was to re-examine the nurses working predominantly in the medical wards of the same academic hospital in Johannesburg20 to re-assess the prevalence of occupational viral infections. The study participants were predominantly black (83.6%) and female (95.3%).
The study was conducted in a 1 000-bed tertiary academic hospital. As part of a larger cross-sectional study, nurses were screened for serological markers of HBV, HCV and HIV antibodies from March to November 2008. Nurses, including student nurses, registered with the South African Nursing Council, who were willing to give consent to be tested for HBV, HCV and HIV and to receive test results were eligible to participate. Nurses were recruited from the general medical wards, oncology ward, medical intensive care unit (ICU), neurosurgical ICU, phlebotomy room, neurology ward and the outpatient departments. Their demographic characteristics are shown in Table 1.
The study was initially discussed with the nursing managers in charge of the various wards and ICUs, who then assisted with recruitment. Some nurses who had heard of the study from colleagues requested to be enrolled. The overall response rate of nurses who were approached and those who referred themselves to the study was 96%. All participants gave informed consent. This study was approved by the Human Ethics Committee of the University of the Witwatersrand and the hospital management.
Personal interviews, pre-test counselling, examinations and post-test counselling were conducted confidentially. Nurses were questioned regarding previous HBV vaccination, including booster doses, a history of needlestick injuries in the last 2 years, knowledge of their HIV status, when they had last had an HIV test, and of any general medical illness.
A venous blood sample was taken from each nurse to screen for HBV.
Coded blood samples were sent to the National Institute of Virology (NIV) for analysis. HBsAg was tested using ADVIA Centaur® HBsAg immunoassay kit (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics), anti-HBs levels were determined using ADVIA Centaur® Anti-HBs immunoassay kit (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics), hepatitis B core (HBc) immunoglobulin M (IgM) was tested using ADVIA Centaur® HBc IgM immunoassay kit (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics) and HBc total antibody (Ab) was tested using ADVIA Centaur® HBc Total immunoassay kit (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics). Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was detected using ADVIA Centaur® HBeAg immunoassay kit (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics), and lastly HBe Ab used the ADVIA Centaur® Anti-HBe immunoassay kit (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics).
Nurses who had low levels of immunity against HBV (anti-HBs titres <100 mIU/l) and who had not had boosters were referred for vaccination within the hospital. Nurses who were identified as having acute or chronic HBV infection were referred to the hospital liver clinic for further management and follow up. Genotyping for HBV was not available at that time. Whole blood specimens were also taken to screen for HCV antibodies using rapid chromatographic immunoassay kits (ACON Laboratories) for the qualitative detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV). Those found to have positive screening tests for HCV were also referred to the liver clinic. At the liver clinic all positive HCV screening tests were confirmed by the NIV using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All positive confirmatory PCRs then underwent genotyping as per the Department of Health's standard of care guidelines. HIV screening was performed using rapid testing kits (Humor Diagnostica). The manufacturer's instructions for the HIV and HCV tests were followed strictly and positive results were determined as per kit recommendations. All positive rapid HIV tests were confirmed by HIV enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (Abbot Diagnostics). HIV and HCV results were immediately made available to the participants. Hepatitis results were returned to the nurses once laboratory made results available. Appropriate post-test counselling and advice were given to all participants. All results were returned to the participants only and there was no disclosure to participant's supervisors or the employer.
A total of 170 nurses (162 females and 8 males) participated. Their mean age was 41.0 years (range 19 - 61 years). The prevalence of HBsAg was 1.8% (3/170) (all were black nurses). HBV e antigen (HBeAg) was detected in one of these three nurses and was associated with a positive screen for IgM antibodies to HBV core antigen (IgManti-HBc), indicating a recent infection. The other two were positive for antibody to HBV e antigen (anti-HBe). Immunity against HBV, defined as an anti-HBs titre >10 IU/l, was found in 52.4% (89/170) of nurses. To ascertain in how many more of the HCWs HBV infection may have been acquired naturally, anti-HBc was tested in 89 nurses testing positive for anti-HBs, 18 of whom reported that they had never been immunised against HBV (Fig. 1). The serum of 9 was positive for anti-HBs and anti-HBc, indicating that they had been infected naturally. A further 6 were positive for anti-HBs alone. However, a possible explanation for this finding could be that the nurses were unable to recall their vaccination history because of a long duration of service. There were no data available regarding anti-HBc for three nurses as a result of insufficient serum (Fig. 1). To ascertain in how many more of the HCWs HBV infection may have been acquired naturally, anti-HBc was tested in 71 nurses testing positive for anti-HBs (a marker of infection acquired naturally and not by vaccination); 20 (28.2%) tested positive for anti-HBc (Table 2); 22 (25.3%) gave a history of being vaccinated ranging from 16 years before to the present, but had no serological evidence of immunity (anti-HBs <10 mIU/ml). Three nurses gave dates of immunisation that fell outside of their nursing careers. None who tested positive for anti-HBs gave a history of needlestick injury. The prevalence of antibodies to HCV in this group of HCWs was 1.2% (2/170).
Although 90.5% (154/170) of nurses gave a history of having had an HIV test in the past, only 46.5% (79/170) had been tested within the last 2 years. An overall HIV seroprevalence of 5.9% (10/170) was found, with 4 being newly diagnosed. Only 1 nurse, with an absolute CD4 count of 77 x 106/l, was taking antiretroviral therapy.
Of the 10 nurses infected with HIV, 5 reported that they had not been vaccinated (the serum of 1 was positive for anti-HBs). Of 5 who were recently vaccinated all but 1 were non-responders or lowresponders, with anti-HBs titres of < 55 mIU/ml.
Dual infections of HIV and HBV, HIV and HCV, and HBV and HCV were not found.
A study 10 years ago showed that only 30.6% of nurses in an academic hospital in Johannesburg were positive for anti-HBs, indicating resistance to HBV infection.19 At that time recommendations were made for a cost-effective approach to the prevention and management of viral hepatitis in HCWs.20 Our follow-up study at the same hospital a decade later indicates that, at most, only 52.4% of the nurses are now protected against HBV infection. However, as many as 28.6% of these nurses were anti-HBc-positive indicating that they had acquired the infection naturally. A further 1.8% of the nurses were currently infected with the virus. Clearly, more intensive education regarding the importance of HB vaccination and more thorough monitoring and immunisation of the nursing staff is required.
Reasons given by the nurses for HB vaccinations not being done included: not being aware of the danger of hepatitis as an occupational exposure, not being aware of the availability of a vaccine that would prevent hepatitis infection, not having enough time, and being told that the stock of vaccine vials had run out.
The nurse found to be IgM-antiHBc positive was asymptomatic, and more than 6 months after the initial screening test she remains positive for HBsAg and HBeAg. She was referred to the hospital liver unit. Of the nurses who screened positive for anti-HBs, none recalled having received a needlestick injury.
Evidence of acquired immunity was highest among nurses aged between 40 and 49 years (Table 3). In recent years strict pre-employment screening and follow-up programmes have no longer been conducted, which may have contributed to the higher rate of nurses being vaccinated in earlier years.
Of the 22 nurses who could provide a history of the year in which they were vaccinated, 10 would have been above the age of 30 when they were vaccinated. Risk factors for a reduced response to vaccination include age >30 years, obesity, and immunodeficiency.21 Response rates to HB vaccination in HIV-infected individuals are as low as 18 - 62%, and a CD4 count <200 has been shown to be an independent predictor of reduced response.20 These factors could explain why 4 of the 5 nurses who were HIV positive and gave a history of recent vaccination were non-responders or low-responders, with anti-HBs titres of <55 mIU/ ml. It is suggested that HB vaccination should be initiated early in the course of HIV infection, before patients become extremely immunosuppressed.22
A high HBV infection rate and low vaccine coverage among HCWs, including nurses, has also been documented in Kenya23 and Albania.24
The prevalence of HCV infection in this study is in keeping with that of the general population. One nurse was aware of her HCV status because she had acquired the infection from a patient as a result of a needlestick injury. The second nurse was unaware of her HCV status.
The HIV seroprevalence of HIV of 5.9% in this study was lower than that of the general population. HIV testing among the nurses is low and infrequent as fear of stigmatisation remains an issue among nurses, preventing them from testing and knowing their HIV status. Previous studies that assessed the seroprevalence among HCWs did not return the results to the participants and incentives were given to encourage participation. Returning HIV test results to the participants could thus have contributed to a biased sample. Nurses who may have wanted to participate, but were unsure of their HIV status and were not prepared to deal with a new diagnosis of a chronic illness may not have tested. In addition, nurses who may have known their status, but were not comfortable to disclose this information may have opted not to enroll in the study.
Vardas et al.20 presented an extensive series of recommendations for the prevention of hepatitis A, B and C in South African HCWs. However, this study, essentially 10 years later, shows that in the same institution HCWs remain at high risk. HCW, healthcare facility managers, and the Department of Health, must be far more active in comprehensive prescreening medical assessments and increasing educational awareness among HCWs, and give serious consideration to a hepatitis B vaccine catch-up programme.
Acknowledgments. Funding was provided by: PEPFAR, through The Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit (RHRU), University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg; research grants for registrars in the clinical disciplines; Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital Gastroenterology Department.
1. Prüss-Üstün A, Rapiti E, Hutin Y. Estimation of the global burden of disease attributable to contaminated sharps injuries among health-care workers: Am J Ind Med 2005;48:482-490. [ Links ]
2. Wilkinson R. Hepatitis B as a sexually transmitted disease in a black South African population. S Afr Med J 1984;65:954-955. [ Links ]
3. Ellis LA, Brown D, Conradie JD, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis C in South Africa: detection of anti-HCV in recent and stored serum: J Med Virol 1990; 32(4): 249-251. [ Links ]
4. Firnhaber C, Reyneke A, Schulze D, et al. The prevalence of hepatitis B co-infection in a South African urban government HIV clinic. S Afr Med J 2008;98:541-544. [ Links ]
5. Schoub BD. Estimates of the total size of the HIV and hepatitis B epidemics in South Africa. S Afr Med J 1992;81:63-66. [ Links ]
6. Soni PN, Tait DR, Kenoyer DG, et al. Hepatitis C virus antibodies among risk groups in a South African area endemic for hepatitis B virus. J Med Virol 1993;40 (1):65-68. [ Links ]
7. Byrne EB. Viral hepatitis: an occupational hazard in medical personnel. Experience of the Yale New Haven Hospital. JAMA 1966;195:362-364. [ Links ]
8. UNAIDS, 2008 Report on the global AIDS epidemic http://www.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/epidem iology/2008reportontheglobalaidsepidemic/ (accessed 27 January 2011). [ Links ]
9. Ciorlia LA, Zanetta DM. Hepatitis C in health care professionals: prevention and associated risk factors. Rev Saude Publica 2007;41:229. [ Links ]
10. Lukhwareni A, Burnett RJ, Selabe G, Mzileni MO, Mphahlele MJ. Increased detection of HBV DNA in HBsAg-positive and HBsAg-negative South African HIV/AIDS patients enrolling for highly active antiretroviral therapy at a tertiary hospital. J Med Virol 2009;81(3):406-412. [ Links ]
11. National Department of Health, South Africa. Statistical notes, August 2005. http://www.doh.gov.za/ facts/stat-notes/2005/hepb.pdf (accessed 10 October 2010). [ Links ]
12. Hoffmann CJ, Thio CL. Clinical implications of HIV and hepatitis B co-infection in Asia and Africa. Lancet Infect Dis 2007;7(6):402-409. [ Links ]
13. Peters M. Coinfection with HBV and HIV: diagnosis and therapy. The PRN Notebook 2004;9(3):14-23. [ Links ]
14. Amin J, Kaye M, Skidmore S, Pillay D, Cooper D, Dore G. HIV and hepatitis C coinfection within the CAESAR study. HIV Medicine 2004:5(3);174-179. [ Links ]
15. Weber R, Sabin CA, Friis-Moller N, et al. Liver-related deaths in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus: the D:A:D study. Arch Intern Med 2006;166:1632-1641. [ Links ]
16. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1999 USPHS/IDSA guidelines for the prevention of opportunistic infections in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. US Public Health Service (USPHS) and Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). MMWR Mor Mortal Wkly Rep 1999;48:1-6. [ Links ]
17. Shisana O, Hall EJ, Maluleke R, et al. HIV prevalence among South African health workers. S Afr Med J 2004;94:846-850. [ Links ]
18. Veriava Y, Connelly Sevilla D, A Jordan A, et al. The impact of HIV/AIDS on health service personnel at two public hospitals in Johannesburg. S Afr Med J 2007;97(2):115-120. [ Links ]
19. Department of Labour (South Africa). The Basic Conditions of Employment Act, 1997 (No 75 of 1997). Section 17 (3). [ Links ]
20. Vardas E, Ross MH, Sharp G, McAnerney J, Sim J. Viral hepatitis in South African healthcare workers at increased risk of occupational exposure to blood-borne viruses. J Hosp Infect 2002;50(1):6-12. [ Links ]
21. Fisker N, Mygind LH, Krarup HB, Licht D, Georgsen J, Christensen PB. Blood borne viral infections among Danish health care workers - frequent blood exposure but low prevalence of infection. Eur J Epidemiol 2004;19(1):61-67 [ Links ]
22. Nina Kim N, Harrington RD, Van Rompaey SE, Kitahata MM. Independent clinical predictors of impaired response to hepatitis B vaccination in HIV-infected persons Int J STD AIDS 2008;19(9):600-604. [ Links ]
23. Suckling RM, Taegtmeyer M, Ngutu PM, et al. Susceptibility of health care wrorkers in Kenya to hepatitis B: New strategies for facilitating vaccination uptake. J Hosp Infect 2006;64:271-277. [ Links ]
24. Kondili LA, Ulginaku D, Hadgjdini M, et al. Hepatitis B virus infection in health care workers in Albania: a country still highly endemic for HBV infection. Infection 2007;35:94-97. [ Links ]
Accepted 1 December 2011.
Corresponding author: M C Kew (email@example.com)


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1 work Add another?
For kid's sake1 edition - first published in 1997
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text: Sijun Forums :: View topic - TEDx Talk "The future of painting" (Nick Pugh) Log in to check your private messages Sijun Forums Forum Index >> Digital Art Discussion View previous topic :: View next topic Author Topic : "TEDx Talk "The future of painting" (Nick Pugh)" medmemberMember #Joined: 22 Dec 2006Posts: 230Location: LA Posted: Fri Aug 19, 2011 3:24 pm Nick did a TEDx presentation on digital painting. He selected some students to paint live at the event, including me , woohoo. Naeem was involved too. Check it out: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rhhyc8yFfMQ&list=PLE6C32A21E6B0F152&index=21 Back to top LemurmemberMember #Joined: 22 Apr 2010Posts: 318Location: NYC Posted: Sat Aug 20, 2011 9:57 pm ah this is great, wonderful works! Which one were you? Annis' ceiling shot was awesome, love the direction his work has taken since I've seen it last. Back to top SumalethAdministratorMember #Joined: 30 Oct 1999Posts: 2896Location: Australia Posted: Sun Aug 21, 2011 4:21 am The first one. Nice image._________________Art Links Archive -- Artists and Tutorials Back to top medmemberMember #Joined: 22 Dec 2006Posts: 230Location: LA Posted: Sat Aug 27, 2011 10:07 am Thanks! Yeah Annis' work has gone out of control, in a good way of course. And yeah mine was the first one I think, the name Ahmed Aldoori. Back to top HowiememberMember #Joined: 31 Oct 2006Posts: 229 Posted: Mon Sep 19, 2011 12:20 am awesome! I really want that tablet device where I can peel off my painting when I'm done Back to top Display posts from previous: All Posts1 Day7 Days2 Weeks1 Month3 Months6 Months1 Year Oldest FirstNewest First Sijun Forums Forum Index -> Digital Art Discussion All times are GMT - 8 Hours Page 1 of 1 Jump to: Select a forum Digital Art----------------Digital Art DiscussionWork in ProgressGallery/Finished Work Miscellaneous----------------Random MusingsArchive : Sep99 - Dec00 You cannot post new topics in this forumYou cannot reply to topics in this forumYou cannot edit your posts in this forumYou cannot delete your posts in this forumYou cannot vote in polls in this forum Powered by phpBB © 2005 phpBB Group


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Letter to Representative Capps on School Safety Enhancement Act
April 19, 2013
Dear Representative Capps:
On behalf of the more than three million members of the National Education Association—dedicated educators who serve and protect millions of children every day—we would like to offer our support for the School Safety Enhancement Act (H.R. 1470), which would reauthorize and strengthen the successful Secure Our Schools program.
We are pleased that H.R. 1470 would:
- Allow schools to tailor safety measures to their individual needs
- Develop advisory guidelines to help keep schools safe
- Promote coordinated training by schools and local law enforcement agencies
- Require consultation with parents, teachers, and local agencies
A secure learning environment is a critical component of a quality education. Safe and orderly schools facilitate effective teaching and learning, while violence or the threat thereof diverts attention and resources away from education. Students cannot learn and educators cannot teach when threatened by physical violence or harassment.
NEA thanks you for your leadership on this important issue. We look forward to working with you to enhance school safety.
Mary Kusler
Director, Government Relations


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Shaneta Ford
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I am an office assistant in the Student Events Board/Office of Student Activities, and I am a note taker for the Office of Academic Skills.
How has WC changed your life? Or, what does WC mean to you?
WC is the best place to be if you want to truly enjoy your undergraduate experience. I have bonded with so many people and made so many friends that will certainly last for a lifetime. Since the campus is so small, it is easy to connect with professors and friends. I love how our small community comes together for events ranging from Wet N' Wild to Relay Life for Life. WC has changed my entire perspective on life. I have learned to enjoy and cherish every moment, no matter the circumstance. Also, I have become more willing to step outside of my comfort zone. I love WC and it has been the best experience of my life. :)
What so far has been your favorite tradition or memory at WC?
Birthday Ball!!! I love when the alumni, professors, and students come together to celebrate George Washington's birthday. I will never forget freshman year; the theme was Alice and Wonderland and all of the excitement of my first Birthday Ball. All of my friends and I got dressed together and we had a blast. And to believe that it was in the gym??? When we all walked into the gym, and we were just amazed at the transformation. It was truly the best memory ever!!!
What is your favorite Ctown hangout?
Play it Again Sam has the best smoothies ever!


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"I'm 74, I am," Jakob "Stinky Jake the Tramp" Cohen told Acid Rabbi's sources. "But my eyes is sharp as the day is long, they is. I saw that fish walk up out of the water bold as you like. It walked around for a bit then it jumped back in there and swum orf, 'onest it did." Others have confirmed his version of events. "Yeah, I saw it too," says Ethel Grimebotham, 82, "what auld Jakey 'ere says is true an' all. He might seem like 'e ain't the full ticket but 'is eyes are like an 'awk's, they are. I saw the fish too, and I ain't never seen nuffing like it afore in me 'ole life."
However, Lucy Lasticke, spokesperson for the Environment Agency is not convinced. "Of course we take sightings of this type seriously," she claimed. "We have too, because we can never be sure what it is that a member of the public has observed. If we'd been able to attend early sightings of non-native creatures such as the coypu or the mink, we'd have avoided the widespread damage caused to our natural ecosystems by those species. The fact that this creature was described by Mr. Cohen as a walking fish suggests that - if he genuinely did see such an animal - it may have been some type of catfish, which have been known to cause largescale damage in various rivers into which they've been accidentally or deliberately released."
Back at Stinky Jake and Ethel's bench, their acquaintance Rotherhithe Ronny takes up the story. "I bin livin' round 'ere even longer'n what these two 'ave," he says, and Jake and Ethel nod in agreement. "Back when I were a nipper I used to work on the barges, see, over ninety year ago, what used to carry coal'n that up the river to the City. I seen fings in that there water what'd make yer 'air stand on end, so I 'ave, but I ain't never seen no fish like that one. It were Stinky Jake 'ere what saw it first, but I saw it close-up 'cos I reckoned the poor fing looked bit firsty like so I went down to where it was to offer it a drop of me wine. It didn't want none though, just sat there lookin' at me."
When asked if our correspondent was correct in feeling he detected a certain note of disbelief in Ms. Lasticke's voice as she recounts her side of the tale, he was informed that he was quite right. "This fish is not the first call we've had from Jake and his cronies," she explains. "We get at least three or four every week from either him or one of the others - there's about twelve of them who hang about that bench all day. They go to pick up their pension money, then it's straight to the off-licence for a bottle or two and then they'll be there till the sun goes down. They see all manner of things - the most memorable so far this month have been a rat the size of a camel with humps to match - actually, that one turned out to be true, they're becoming quite common in London these days, a swarm of enormous bluebottles - oddly enough, on the same day that the police carried out one of their periodic attempts to discourage them from congregating there, something that looked sort of like a cross between a giant snake and a shrew with antlers on its head and at least six or seven pink elephants."
"'Ere," said Stinky Jake when informed of Ms. Lasticke's disbelief, "never mind all that. You ain't got no small change 'ave yer? I ain't eaten nuffink fer two days. I'll give yer my address in Ireland and I'll pay it back, honest I will guv'nor." The correspondent saved time by simply buying him a 12 can pack of Special Brew from the nearest shop.


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The News about Yamaha XS650 by Holiday Customs
Found a rusty old Yamaha 400 in Portland in 1976, XS650, Jared Johnson practices in the festival clearly know what they want to create. "I have been thinking about how I want this thing I really like to see on the Schwinn cruiser bicycle line., smooth curve. "
Bike sat for a few months until he was ready to fully immersed in their own projects in his shop. "I did everything but the bike seat. frame took only one week. I rolled metal pipes welded together and then the tire and realized it was not low enough, so I cut off the tail to start. " frame is completed, Curved lines for the framework behind the idea of the pipeline came to him. "The pipeline was 4 days long, rolling, slotting the rear axle blurted out, walk around to see it for hours, " he said.
Other features include an old tank Xiamen Jones, he found "some rust to be an awesome"online. He also raised the fork covers the exhaust pipe, front wheel off the seat of a SL175 and the beautiful new church by Motorola in the very talented ginger cushion.


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This Week
At TLGenes, Travis LeMaster asks "Do Name Collectors Have a Place at the Table?" His point is that some people who start out as name collectors subsequently become serious family historians. Good point, but I would say that there is no harm in tactfully encouraging them to progress beyond name collecting.
His post was inspired by Karen at Genealogy Frame of Mind: "Genealogist or Name Collector?" After reading Karen's post, the type of person she has in mind doesn't appear to be the eager newbie who is open to learning more about the genealogy research process, but more likely the type who prefers bragging rights over sources and solid facts.
There have been several responses to Ancestry's takeover of iArchives (which owns Footnote.com) and some people are drawing analogies. Perhaps the one I like best is James Tanner's at Genealogy's Star in "Is there an economy of scale in genealogical records?" He likens the takeover to an acquisition of Apple by Microsoft. Ouch. Now I'm worried.
For a good list of articles responding to the acquisition (and a wonderful image to evoke the event), see Geneablogie – "Grand Genealogy Journey – Ancestry.com to Acquire Footnote.com" and "Ancestry + Footnote: Update."
One of the interesting discussions of the week is the post "When does genealogy end and history begin?" and the responding comments at Marian Pierre-Louis' Roots and Rambles.
Cynthia Shenette at Heritage Zen poses another intriguing question: What does our trash say about us? This is addressed in "Madness Monday: The Stuff We Throw Away and the Big Yard Sale: A Hundred Cars, a Little Bit of Cash, and a Whole Lotta Junk." Hmmm, what to save and what to gid rid of?
Some information that people who use the services of professional genealogists need to know is explained at The ProGenealogists Genealogy Blog: "Why Does It Cost So Much?"
She's done it again. Read Kerry's "5 Reasons I Wish I Could Travel Back in Time and Smack My 1995-Self" at Clue Wagon. I'm guilty of everything except for pink ink. If you have never done any of these things, you're either lying or insufferably perfect.
Always fun to think of this question: "The Best Genealogy Advice I Ever Got Was." It is asked by Leah at The Internet Genealogist. And your answer would be...?
For more suggested genealogy blog reading, check out Randy Seaver's Best of the Genea-Blogs at Genea-Musings and John Newmark's Weekly Genealogy Picks at TransylvanianDutch.
Happy Blogoversary to Finding Josephine!
Happy Second Blogoversary to The Internet Genealogist!
This week I started following these blogs:
Good to Know
Vicki Lane Mysteries
Bergschneiders and Beyond
Friday, October 1, 2010
Follow Friday: 1 October 2010
4 comments:
Thank you! I'd say it in a pink font, but that's beyond my skill level (thank goodness).ReplyDelete
Great list of enjoyable, informative blogs.ReplyDelete
Kathleen, a3Genealogy
Greta - My apologies for being a week late on this, but thanks for the shout out regarding my post. I appreciate it.ReplyDelete
By the way, the Big Brother Big Sister Foundation truck came on Tuesday, and I made two more runs to Goodwill this week. Next week the junk man cometh. Aah, I'm feeling lighter already...
The thanks should be from me - I have really enjoyed reading these posts!ReplyDelete
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


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Recently, the News Democrat published an article titled "2009 Provided Moments to Remember." This article was a highlight of the past year. Many memorable events were included and I realize that it is impossible to include everything and what might be memorable to some is not memorable to others. Both basketball teams, soccer, golf, football and cross country teams were recognized and the Volleyball team was recognized for winning the 8th Region All-A Tournament.
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If I could do anything else and enjoy it half so much, I would. That is, I'd do that, and then give away the stories I'd inevitably write for free. But I can't. I shouldn't be allowed out on my own, to tell you the truth, so it's safer for me and for everyone else if I stay at home and work that way.
It's been brought home to me again, how strange this world is, and how unpredictable. Or maybe I'm just thick. I'm in more demand than ever in some places, and I can't get my foot in the door in places I used to call home. Ah well, I don't make the rules, and as far as I'm able, I'll follow them.
I've just sent a post through to The Good, The Bad and The Unread on that topic, and I hope some of you will read it, and more importantly, give your opinion. I don't know exactly when it will go up, but it usually isn't very long. It's a big blog with a lot of contributors, and one I'm excited to belong to.
To other matters. I got a release date for "Rendezvous at Midnight" and it's just before RT! I'll tell you more about it next month, just before I leave for the States. Chicago, how exciting!
Did I tell you about Nightstar? That's my new series from Ellora's Cave. It's another rock band series, yay! It's a six book series, one story for each member of the band, and it's about change. The band, Murder City Ravens, is about to break big. They've had two albums out, but a change in personnel has made that invisible something click, and now the band is headed for the big time. It's not all roses. Some of the members have other interests, and have to choose between that and continuing with the band. Which do they love best? And when they meet their soulmates, do they put that person first? (hint – I write romance!) Do they want to put up with that level of fame?
The band is a kind of infernal cross between Radiohead, Massive Attack, the Chemical Brothers and Oasis – a willingness to experiment, edgy music with a basis in solid rock.
Just to show you what I mean, or to confuse you further!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qEKlH7Bl47M - radiohead
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b64AtjYr6is – massive attack
But of course, the beauty of writing about music is that you can imagine the kind of music you like best! If you want them to play the Rach 2 (one of the characters reveres that concerto) then go ahead, there's nobody to stop you, least of all me!
The first book is written and sent in, and the second written and awaiting revisions.
And a new release for March! "Rubies of Fire" is a Dept 57 book that was out years ago, and is now reissued. But this is one of the series that I've rewritten heavily for its rerelease. It belonged in a specific place in the Dept 57 series, and now, with the reissues, that doesn't work any more, so I've rewritten it to fit better into the new order. It's sexier, too. I don't think there's a sentence that hasn't been rewritten!
It was a joy and a shock to revisit the book. A shock to realise how much my writing style has changed, for the better, I hope, although it was pretty okay then, and a joy to realise that it still holds up well.
It's about vampire Andreas Constant, sent by Dept 57 undercover to discover a Department mole in the DIB, the Department of Internal Business, and Roz, a vampire sent by her family to follow clues as to who killed two of her relatives two years before. Although it's complete in itself, it also provides a lead-in to Sorcerer Fabrice Germain's book in "Diamonds of Ice." "Rubies of Fire" is out on March 20th.
And don't forget that "Maiden Lane," the seventh Richard and Rose book, is now out in print!
I'll be in Chicago and Texas next month, part of it for the RT Booklovers' Convention. If you're around, please call!


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Last week my knowledge management journey took me to the fascinating and "untamable" land of organizational learning. I've embarked on this journey to get a better understanding of what it will take to better facilitate the capturing, sharing and generation of new knowledge.
Let's start from the beginning. It was reassuring the see that when faced with the challenge of collecting information to undertake any type of activity and "to do a job" the inhabitants of the organizational learning land CONNECT with their peers and consult various sources to COLLECT information.
They seem to have well consolidated and reliable networks of stakeholders and peers who they connect with. They also manage to find their way through various sources to collect content. What remains a challenge and a gap for many, is SHARING the acquired knowledge.
I am going to use Dave Snowden's, the father of Cynefin framework and a remarkable KM mentor, seven rules of knowledge management as a framework to share my personal discoveries and reflections:
- Knowledge can only be volunteered, it cannot be conscripted. What came out loud and clear from our conversations, is that people "volunteer" knowledge when asked and they do so more with those with whom they have established a trust relationship, otherwise, they share information and not necessarily knowledge (and yes, there is a difference between information and knowledge)
- We only know what we know when we need to know it. This is my favourite, because it is so simple and so TRUE. The majority of us knows what we know when we need to know it. There are however, a number of colleagues who in their own words have "learning as part of their DNA". They also make "time" to learn. That said, they learn about the things that they need to know and perhaps during that journey, they may cross boundaries and explore new territories.
- In the context of real need few people will withhold their knowledge. I alluded to this earlier on. When someone asks us for something and we know they need it - hardly anyone withholds knowledge. In Dave's words "A genuine request for help is not often refused unless there is l a previous history of distrust. On the other hand ask people to codify all that they know in advance of a contextual enquiry and it will be refused (in practice its impossible anyway). Linking and connecting people is more important than storing their artifacts."
- Everything is fragmented. The conversations confirmed that most knowledge sharing is done informally, and that "informal" works. There was a plea not to formalize informal practices, as this may risk to stifle and kill any knowledge sharing moment. On this issue, here is what Dave says: "We evolved to handle unstructured fragmented fine granularity information objects, not highly structured documents. People will spend hours on the internet, or in casual conversation without any incentive or pressure. However creating and using structured documents requires considerably more effort and time. Our brains evolved to handle fragmented patterns not information."
- Tolerated failure imprints learning better than success. This topic is close to my heart, and I hope that sooner rather than later we'll institutionalize the importance of learning from failures without falling in blame game trap. Dave argues that "attempting to impose best practice systems is flying in the face of over a hundred thousand years of evolution that says it is a bad thing." I must admit, that while the word failure was never mentioned in our conversations, on the other hand we did talk about best practices and how we should be developing and sharing best practices. I am not going to venture in this mine field, however, I will say that we need to internalize that importance of learning from failures and that there is now enough evidence that success always starts with failure and that if we go about dealing with failures in the right way - that is to say understand the complexity of the issue at hand, we can definitely learn a lot and avoid to reinvent the wheel. I guess, without getting too overcomplicated, I am talking about "learning by doing". At the end of the day, is that the best way to learn and how we've all learnt?
- The way we know things is not the way we report we know things. There is so much truth and wisdom in this statement. This poses a big challenge to KM efforts, as when we become too process oriented we fail to share our tacit knowledge and stop at sharing the structured process which is is far less knowledge intensive and interesting than the tacit knowledge
- We always know more than we can say, and we always say more than we can write down. Dave considers this as the most important rule. Here is what he says on this one: " The process of taking things from our heads, to our mouths (speaking it) to our hands (writing it down) involves loss of content and context. It is always less than it could have been as it is increasingly codified." In our conversations, time and again we heard colleagues talk about the challenge of analyzing, distilling and sharing in a compelling manner. Almost all of them indicated that they do not have time nor are equipped to do so. They asked to have someone that could help them sift through their valuable knowledge, identify the pearls and share these widely. Here is my dilemma, if this is done by a third party, is this a second-hand codification, which means a greater loss of knowledge?
Recurring themes
Here are some of the recurrent challenges that emerged during this week's conversations:
- Knowledge sharing as a behaviour and competency is not appreciated and rewarded
- We are consistently fighting to meet deadlines and unable to make the necessary time to:
- Reflect
- Analyze
- Take stock and learn from our own and each other's experience
- Adjust
- Learn
- Unlearn
- Share
- Contribute to the learning loop
- Capture and cherish knowledge intensive moments
There was a concrete suggestion to institutionalize systematic "reflection time" as a form of incentive to improve knowledge sharing culture
- People do not have time nor make time to read
- Not everyone is skilled to analyze, write and share knowledge
There was a demand for help to tap into individual knowledge's and experience and turn the tacit into explicit knowledge - in other words codify the knowledge - albeit the risk of loosing the real knowledge, as explained by Dave, nonetheless, it is better than doing nothing :)
More questions than answers
More questions than answers
After these rich set of conversation and having spent some time reflecting on them and sleeping over them, I ask myself:
- Can we continue doing KM informally or is it a MUST to formalize everything and at what cost?
- How can we increase the percentage of people who share knowledge beyond those who like to or believe in and continue doing so informally?
- Why is it that we can make time for things that we care about and not necessarily to share what we've learnt? And how can make sharing knowledge something that everyone cares about?
- Considering that colleagues enjoy learning from each other, why is it that people do not systematically take the initiative of organizing informal gatherings with heterogenous groups such as the ones we did last week and share their experience and knowledge?
- What are the risks of delegating distilling and anlayzing knowledge to third parties?
- What are the pros and cons of using the same set of third parties (consultants) to do core business?
- Who ultimately holds the knowledge? The employee? The consultant? Both? and does it matter?
- Why do not we talk about failures? Do we sincerely believe that what ever we do is a success?
- How much of the knowledge gets lost in the codification process and what are risks?
- When was the last time we asked our stakeholders how useful is our codified knowledge for them, how did they use it and how did it help them do something differently or better?
One of the first things I learnt on my KM journey was that for knowledge management initiatives to be useful and meaningful, they need to contribute to and support organization's corporate mission. This is why it really does not make sense to have knowledge management specific indicators, rather the KM indicators should be part and parcel of the overall organizational indicators! (I know this is a contentious issue...) I also learnt that for KM initiatives to be successful, at organizational level, knowledge sharing should be a corporate priority.
None of what I am saying is new nor is it rocket science. However, I still have to come across an organization that has managed to implement these simple statements seamlessly and effectively. I know it is not easy, as we are talking about how people interact with each other. So, if there is anyone out there who has managed to implement KM activities that contribute directly to the organization's mission and where staff consider knowledge sharing a corporate priority and are sharing knowledge across organizational boundaries, please give a shout and share your wisdom!
After action review
In closing this blogpost, I want to do an after action review of the process we went through last week.
In closing this blogpost, I want to do an after action review of the process we went through last week.
The small heterogeneous groups proved to be a smashing success. It allowed people to have a conversation. And I cannot underscore enough the value of having a conversation, instead of being talked at and talked to...... Asking colleagues to share how they as INDIVIDUALS go about accessing knowledge, allowed them to tell a REAL and PERSONAL story which was grounded in reality, as opposed to something hypothetical. We should have allocated two hours instead of 90 minutes from the beginning. All sessions ended up being 2 hours anyways. I am sorry we did not invite colleagues from all over the house and focussed just on a limited subset.
What I learnt? Yet again, I learnt that nothing can replace the power and potential of a free-flowing conversation. I also learnt that it is hard for people to come together and they need someone to facilitate this coming together. At the beginning I had difficulty understanding this, but now I get it.
A lot of people are party animals, however, in real life, not everyone is throwing parties every night. But if you are a party animal and get invited to a party, you will definitely make a point to go to the party, or at least drop by. Using this analogy, I now have the proof that everyone wants to share something with someone and what we need to do is to jump start the process by playing party host and inviting people to come to the party. If the parties are consistently good, fun and add value to our work, we will keep coming and who knows, maybe sooner rather than later, we will start throwing our own parties!!!
We'll have more conversations next week, so watch out this space for updates. I love to hear about your KM journey experiences. Please share your thoughts, aspirations and advice. And thanks for listening.


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you donkey, you really think i will never beat you again? are you drunk when you posted that?
went tp DGW on monday and walked away with 88 then went to cliff and left with 82
going down like a water works roll........................now 31
back to 35


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Upon joining the staff here, I wanted to pay close attention to junk and get rid of it quickly.
Please use this thread and this one only to report pages that may need deletion; it makes it easier for me and for other staff members, and I will be deleting other such threads.
If a page is empty, report it. If a page is under construction but shows little or no progress after a couple of days, report it. If a page is missing information or has bad (incorrect, totally made up, or plagiarized) information, report it.
A mediocre page that is complete will probably stay; I cannot open up the can of worms dealing with pages not up to a particular person's standards.
I am primarily concerned with mountains, routes, and areas, for they are SP's core content. To a lesser extent, I am concerned with trip reports.
You can report other pages as well, of course. But things like albums and off-topic photos are a hopelessly lost cause, and it may be difficult to stay on top of all the junk in that category.


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ELON � As drivers continue adjusting to a new traffic pattern on the University Drive overpass, some businesses on Haggard Avenue are hoping passersby find their way back to places they once patronized.
The bridge, which the North Carolina Department of Transportation began constructing in November 2010 and initially opened to drivers in November 2012, spans from Cook Road over N.C. 100/Haggard Avenue to make University Drive a continuous stretch and keep drivers from having to cross the railroad tracks. Before the overpass was constructed, University Drive in Elon was interrupted by Cook Road and N.C. 100, which drivers had to use before continuing onto the rest of University Drive.
Mary Boyce, manager of Anna Maria�s Pizzeria, said the opening of the overpass has cut the restaurant�s business in half.
�We had worried about (the bridge) from the start,� Boyce said. �Drivers used to see us before they saw anything else,� noting that Cook Road ran directly beside the Phoenix Station shopping center where the restaurant is located. Now that the overpass requires vehicles to go further down University Drive and take an exit to loop back around to N.C. 100, fewer cars are stopping to eat at Anna Maria�s, she said.
Piedmont Fish and Reptile, which was located in the same strip, closed its retail store in March, though the shop�s owner couldn�t be reached for more details.
Boyce said she wanted to put up signs around the overpass to let drivers know how to find Anna Maria�s, but the restaurant wasn�t allowed to put signs in the public right-of-way.
Down the street from the overpass, secondhand clothing store Mad Stylz is closing its doors at Timberline Station shopping center. Though the owners were unavailable for comment on the closing, the store�s Facebook page cites the opening of the overpass as a factor in the business�s closing.
�We had no idea that the opening of the new bridge that the state put in was going to affect our business to the extent that it has,� reads an announcement on the Facebook page.
Sandy�s Steaks and Subs, also located on Haggard Avenue, is temporarily closed while owner Greg Saldanha determines how to increase traffic and proceed with the business, which has been open for 25 years, he said.
�That new bridge killed all the business,� Saldanha said, adding that Sandy�s hopes to reopen by the time Elon University students start back their classes.
Saldanha said he tried putting up signs near the exit on the overpass and by the Marathon gas station on Haggard Avenue, but it didn�t do much to increase traffic. He said people visiting Elon from out of town might follow the signs to locate a place to eat, but locals need a convenient way to get to his business.
�Signs might help some people who are from out of town, but out-of-town people come, have lunch and then disappear,� he said.
Alhough some business owners and drivers say the overpass is more of a hassle than a convenience, the project has been on the books for more than 40 years, said Mayor Jerry Tolley.
�(The project) was first a line on a map in 1972,� he said, referring to NCDOT�s initial plans to build a north/south corridor through Cook Road to U.S. 70.
An August 1992 resolution from the town of Elon College indicates an underpass would be built �at the intersection of Cook Road and the Southern Railroad crossing,� though it was not clear if specific plans for the underpass had been developed before then.
In February 1997, the town approved a resolution to ensure NCDOT constructed an overpass rather than an underpass, which Tolley said came after NCDOT advised the town the area�s topography wasn�t conducive to an underpass.
Mike Mills, of NCDOT Division 7, said the purpose of the overpass is to keep vehicles from directly crossing the railroad tracks, which is a safety hazard.
�We try to eliminate the at-grade crossings at railroads,� Mills said. �It�s got to be very, very, very unique that we don�t cross over or under a railroad with a DOT road. That�s what we do now.�
Multiple railroad crossings have already been closed in the town of Elon, including those at Antioch and Holt avenues. Mills said the crossing at Antioch was closed in 2003, and the railroad crossing at Holt was also closed in the early 2000s, though he wasn�t sure the exact year.
Mills said NCDOT would look into options for temporary signs to inform drivers that dining options were located off the overpass�s exit. Boyce said she had asked about signs advertising food and gas, similar to those found on interstates, but was told the road didn�t qualify for that type of sign.
Mills said NCDOT has to restrict the types of signs that can be placed in that area.
�Normally, the only signs that are approved on the right-of-way are for speed limits and stop signs,� Mills said. �We do have a logo program, but that only qualifies for controlled access facilities.�
Mills described a controlled access facility as a road where there are no driveways, with the only access points being roads controlled by an interchange.
Tolley said the project was completely NCDOT�s. The town approved plans for the road construction years ago before many of the current N.C. 100 businesses existed.
�Those businesses either knew or should have known that the overpass was going to be there,� he said. �It�s just an unfortunate situation for them. If it was different � I wish it could be. I�m just not sure it could.�