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Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology
versão On-line ISSN 1445-7377
versão impressa ISSN 2079-7222
Indo-Pac. j. phenomenol. (Online) vol.13 spe Grahamstown Set. 2013
Special edition on the lifeworld approach for empirical research in education - the Gothenburg tradition
Jan Bengtsson
The aim of this Special Edition is to explore the use of the phenomenological notion of the lifeworld in educational empirical research. This notion was originally developed within philosophy to answer philosophical questions. If it is going to be used in empirical research, it is necessary to discuss how it can be used in this new and different context. Consequently, this Special Edition aims to address this challenge in two ways: Firstly, by theoretical discussion; and secondly, by showing how the lifeworld can be used in research practice. This Special Edition includes contributions from the Gothenburg tradition.
The lifeworld approach is an established research tradition in the Nordic countries. In my introductory essay I follow the history of this tradition back to its initiation in the 1980s at the University of Gothenburg in Sweden and from there out to different geographical destinations. The tradition has spread to new diciplines, other universities and other countries and thus continues in the form of regional lifeworlds.
In my second contribtion I introduce the basic principles of a research approach based on lifeworld phenomenology. I discuss the importance of being explicit about the philosophical assumptions of empirical research in order to use them in a controlled way instead of being governed by them. However, a transition from the abstract theories of philosophy to empirical research is needed, and this is achieved by way of a regionalisation of the philosophical theories. In this way, the theories become resources in doing research. In the lifeworld approach, theories from lifeworld phenomenology are regionalised and used in research. I also discuss methodological consequenses of lifeworld ontology and compare them with consequences from other ontologies.
Annika Lilja's article is an empirical study of trustful relationships between teacher and student in the classroom. Her study shows how lived body, lived space and lived time mediate between teacher and student. They have effects on the relationships through the organisation of activities in the classroom, they affect the relationship between the teacher and the student and they influence the student's opportunities to learn in school.
Anna-Carin Bredmar's article is also an empirical study, but it is about teachers' experiences of enjoyment of work. In her study, she focuses on one dimension of teachers' enjoyment of work, namely the athmosphere as a subtle dimension of enjoyment. Her results show four aspects of this kind of enjoyment. In the first aspect a subtle atmosphere of enjoyment of work emerges as a basic function in teachers' work, just like a floor that gives stability and a point of departure. The second aspect is characterised as standing in a doorway, which is related to expectant foreshadowing. The third aspect is connected with the experience of flow and control. The fourth aspect she characterises as confirmation of good work, like a receipt.
It has been very rewarding for me as a Guest Editor to publish a Special Edition about the Gothenburg tradition of the lifeworld approach. It gives the opportunity to see that this approach is not identical with a particular method and that it has a particular identity of its own affecting all aspects of the research process. This would have been even more visible if I had succeded with the original plan to include five empirical studies in this venture. Unfortunately, various circumstances prevented me from fullfiling this plan.
Finally, I would like to express my gratitude to my fellow reviewers for taking their time to comment on the papers included in this Special Edition and to the English experts for correcting the language.
Referencing Format
Bengtsson, J. (2013). Guest editorial: Special edition of the lifeworld approach for empirical research in education -the Gothenburg tradition. Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology, 13 (Special Edition, September: Lifeworld Approach for Empirical Research in Education - the Gothenburg Tradition), 2 pp. doi: 10.2989/ IPJP.2013.13.2.2.1176
About the Author
Jan Bengtsson, who held the post of Professor in the Department of Pedagogical, Curricular and Professional Studies, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, passed away on 31 August. Throughout his long illness, which was bravely borne, Jan continued to be academically active but very sadly never lived to see the publication of this Special Edition.
Professor Bengtsson previously studied at the University of Vienna (Austria), the University of Freiburg (Germany), Ruhr-University in Bochum (Germany), and the University of Grenoble (France).
During his lengthy career, Jan had been a Visiting Scholar at several institutions such as the Husserl-Archives in Louvain (Belgium), the University of Grenoble (France), the University of Århus (Denmark), the University of California at Berkeley (USA), the National Institute of Educational Research in Paris (France) and the University of Queensland (Brisbane, Australia). He had also been a Visiting Professor at the Universities of Helsinki (Finland) and Oslo (Norway) as well as the University of Agder in Norway.
Over the years, Jan founded several scientific organizations in the Nordic countries such as the Centre of Lifeword Phenomenological Research (University of Gothenburg) and the Nordic Society for Philosophy of Education.
Jan's research areas were diverse, and included the fields of teaching, teachers and learning, school architecture, history of scientific research, the philosophy of education, and phenomenology.


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Ole Michael Spaten; Mia Nørremark Byrialsen; Darren Langdridge
There is a scarcity of research on men's experience of bereavement (Reiniche, 2006), particularly in relation to qualitative research that focuses on the meaning of such an experience. This paper seeks to address this scarcity by presenting the findings from a phenomenological study of the life-worlds of a small number of bereaved men. The study looked specifically at how the loss of a spouse influences men's experience of meaning, grief and loss. Three men aged between 32 and 54 years old who had all lost their partners to cancer between 3 and 7 years ago were interviewed. The hermeneutic phenomenological method of Van Manen (1990) was used to uncover three key themes, labelled grief and self-reflection, meaning of life and loss, and re-figuring the life-world. These themes are discussed in the light of broader existential concerns and the extant literature.
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Baumeister, R. F. (1991). Meanings of life. New York, NY: Guilford Press. [ Links ]
Byrialsen, M. N., & Spaten, O. M. (2008). Mœnds oplevelse af stotte og mening ved et tab [Men's experience of support and meaning at loss]. [ Links ] Copenhagen, Denmark: Institut for Kommunikation, Aalborg Universitet.
Bugental, J. F. T. (1981). The search for authenticity (enlarged ed.). New York, NY: Irvington. [ Links ]]]>
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Davis, C. G., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Larson, J. (1998). Making sense of loss and benefiting from the experience: Two construals of meaning, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(2), 561-574. [ Links ]
Davis, C. G., & Hoeksema, S. N. (2001). Loss and meaning: How do people make sense of loss? The American Behavioural Scientist, 44(5), 726-741. [ Links ]]]>
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Giddens, A. (1992). The transformation of intimacy: Sexuality, love and eroticism in modern societies. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Polity Press. [ Links ]
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Jacobsen, B. (2006). The life crisis in an existential perspective - Can trauma and crisis be seen as an aid in personal development. Existential Analysis, 17(1), 39-54. [ Links ]
James, W. (1890/1963). Principles of psychology. New York, NY: Fawcett. [ Links ]
Janoff-Bulman, R. (1992). Shattered assumptions: Towards a new psychology of trauma. New York, NY, US: Free Press. [ Links ]]]>
Kaslow, F. W. (2004). Death of one's partner: The anticipation and the reality. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 35(3), 227-233. [ Links ]
Kierkegaard, S. (1849/1980). The sickness unto death. (H. Hong & E. Hong, Trans.) Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press [ Links ]
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Reiniche, K. (2006). Rapport om forsknings- og praksiserfaringer vedr0rende mœnd i krise. [ Links ] [Report on men in crisis: Research and practical experience] 29 pp. Retrieved 11 August 2010 from http://mandecentret.dk/2_mcenter/ rapporten_kr.PDF
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SAN FRANCISCO -- Ecast Inc. shut down its jukebox music network on March 1, a company spokesman confirmed. The San Francisco-based technology firm's board of directors voted for an immediate shutdown after the company failed to raise enough capital to continue operating.
"We worked diligently for this not to happen," said Ecast vice-president of network operations Scott Walker. "We appreciate all the support from jukebox operators and the industry."
Walker, who joined the jukebox technology company seven years ago today, is among 55 Ecast employees who have lost their jobs. "In addition to working with great operators, I have had the pleasure of working with a dedicated staff at Ecast," he said.
Jukeboxes formerly connected to Ecast's network can continue to function locally, meaning that only music stored on a system's hard drive can be played. Vendor capabilities like remote management services and such consumer options as single-song downloads, social media interaction and cashless payments, or anything else requiring an Internet connection, are no longer available.
While Ecast jukeboxes continue to operate at reduced capacities, there is a limited amount of time during which they will be allowed to do so. Ecast did not say how long. Ecast jukeboxes store content in album format, and the average capacity on a box is about 150 albums.
Ecast was one of three high-tech firms competing in the digital jukebox space. Walker recommends that Ecast customers contact AMI Entertainment Network Inc. and TouchTunes Interactive Networks to explore all solutions for getting their jukebox locations back online. Ecast's phones and email have been turned off.
AMI president and chief executive Mike Maas said he was very surprised to learn about the sudden shutdown of Ecast's network. But he said Ecast operators should not "panic" since their jukeboxes will be able to "make noise" through the next few weekends, and perhaps much longer. In the mid-term, AMI and TouchTunes will come up with solutions, he said.
Maas's main concern is the potential negative effect that a large number of offline jukeboxes will have on the entire industry over the long term. "Nobody is going to be happy with a jukebox that can't get updated content or support Internet services," he said.
To illustrate Maas's point, the year's biggest on-premise occasion is around the corner. St. Patrick's Day is March 17, and offline jukeboxes will be unable to receive holiday content. (Note: as of noon March 2, one operator in New York told VT that he was still able to communicate with his Ecast jukeboxes and was able to add Irish songs to his cart.)
TouchTunes, the nation's largest jukebox music provider, with about 50,000 connections, said it's prepared "do everything it can to help" Ecast operators. "We have product and we can help," said TouchTunes chief operating officer Steve Brecher.
Like Maas, Brecher is concerned about the negative fallout that idle boxes will have on the industry's image. He added that it's critical to have licensed music and to keep the royalty stream paid, something that the jukebox industry has excelled at during the downloading-digital era. Operators, locations and the industry need to consider licensing issues associated with those offline boxes, he noted.
The jukebox executive also observed that the loss of the Ecast network, which will have an industrywide impact, presents an opportunity for all operators to reevaluate their jukebox routes. During this transition, he said, TouchTunes will not only accelerate its efforts to assist Ecast operators, but it also plans to remain focused on its own business strategy to redefine out-of-home entertainment. Central to that strategy is the Virtuo jukebox, which can support multiple entertainment services beyond music.
At its apex about four years ago, Ecast had some 10,000 jukeboxes online. That number might have declined between 30% and 40% over the past three years. At this point, the remaining jukebox manufacturers do not have enough inventory for an immediate replacement market on a scale of 6,000 to 7,000 units.
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A group of parents have vowed to challenge a primary school's "unfair" ban on pupils running in the playground.
St Bernard's Primary School in Glengormley introduced the controversial policy on Monday, October 12 in response to "a number of accidents both inside and outside of the school." It means pupils are no longer allowed to run around before school, or at break and lunch times.
The move has divided opinion, with some parents backing school principal Paul Flanagan, while others have called for the new rule to be scrapped.
One disgruntled parent contacted the Times on Monday afternoon to express her anger after her children had been "pulled out" for breaking the no-running rule on the first day of its implementation.
"My children have come home today with their faces tripping them," she said. "As parents we weren't consulted. The first we heard about it was when the letter was sent last week. By that time the rule was already coming into effect.
"I have spoken to a number of parents today, and everyone is outraged. There was nothing for the children to do when they were on their breaks today. We'll be wanting to meet with Mr Flanagan to get it sorted. It's unfair that the children were pulled out for running in the playground."
She added: "We're considering starting a petition to show our disgust. Hopefully the decision will be reversed."
Supporting the school's decision, one parent who wished to remain anonymous contacted the Times to express her relief that the policy had been introduced.
"The move doesn't seem to be popular, but I'm glad it's been introduced. My daughter goes to St Bernard's and was involved in an accident in the playground last year. Another pupil ran into her and knocked her over. She wasn't seriously injured but was still sore at the time. Hopefully now other incidents like this won't happen at the school," she said.
In response to the row over the 'Walking-No Running Policy', Mr Flanagan sent another letter to parents this week clarifying the reasons for the decision to ban running in the playground.
He claimed the increase in pupil numbers at the school over the past five years has put "considerable pressure on playground space."
Mr Flanagan said there have been "a number of quite serious accidents in the playground in the last few years", mainly caused by "children racing at full speed, not looking where they are going and colliding with other children."
He stressed that the new policy had been put in place to prevent further accidents in the Y3-Y7 playground, and that it doesn't apply in the Y1-Y2 playgrounds or supervised PE lessons.
"It is a means of slowing children down rather than darting around and causing injury to other children. We understand that many schools operate this policy effectively. Nobody wants a child ending up in hospital. We also don't want to wrap them in cotton wool," the letter states.
Mr Flanagan said the school plans to pilot the new rule for the remainder of the term.
Despite the headmaster's attempt to assuage parents' concerns about the new rule, some remain extremely unhappy with the situation at the school.
"This has caused outrage amongst parents on social media and within the community," one mother told the Times. "There are many reasons why we are outraged. We were not asked our opinion on this matter. Our children are very upset. If they run they are stood out.
"The school shouldn't have increased numbers of pupils if it couldn't accommodate them, and they shouldn't be building more classrooms if there isn't enough play space for the children."
The woman, who didn't want to be named, said parents are hoping to meet with Mr Flanagan to ask for clarification about the numbers and types of accidents that led to the school carrying out a risk assessment, and why parents of P1 and P2 pupils were given the original letter detailing the running ban.
She said parents' concerns about the new policy have also been raised with the school's Parent Teacher Association and board of governors.
Read related stories - School defends move to ban pupils from running


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I've been twitchy as heck to put Elvis through his paces, but there were a few other things I needed to do first.
First I thought I'd like to try making a little registration jig similar to what I use when printing by hand. (I know some other registration systems for working on a press, but want to see if this will work.) I got out some Davey board (book board) and my straight edge and set to work. Patience and planning are two of my, shall we say, under-developed skills, so there were some things about the way I put this jig together that will need to be revisited at another time. But it was good enough for experiments.
Then I needed to hunt down something to use as a tympan. I ordered an entire set of etching blankets with the press, but for making relief prints on dry paper I wanted something rigid, rather than something squishy. Thankfully I've been carrying around a 9 x 12 sheet of plexiglass for about 20 years, thinking some day I'd make a monotype plate out of it. A few months ago I gave it to the Darling Man. Yesterday I took it back. I filed the edges so they wouldn't be sharp on the press, and voila! Just what the printmaker ordered.
Somewhere around here I also have an old photo developing tray that's perfect for soaking paper, but I haven't tracked that down yet. (It's both fortunate AND unfortunate that I'm finally justifying some of the "stuff" that I've been carrying around all these years.) For now plastic kitchenware will suffice for paper soaking.
Blotters cut to size? Check. Miscellaneous odds and ends of paper corralled and torn down? Check. Newsprint sheets torn down? Check. Let's experiment!
I used one of the unmounted linocuts from the map icon project as my test block... it was a good size and it was ready to print. I tried lots of printing variables: dry paper, wet paper, with a tympan, with blankets, in the jig, out of the jig, thick papers, thin papers. (Making copious notes the entire time, of course.) Totally fun, and completely klutzy.
It felt like learning a new dance... and I was the partner with two left feet. Over time my hand-printing routine has become second nature: This goes here, that goes there, and we're off across the dance floor. Today I kept moving things around, trying to find the best arrangement of tools and materials. It's going to take a while to get the logistics worked out.
After a while, though, my movements became a little less stilted and I felt a hint of rhythm in the process. As much as I love printing by hand, I also love the feel of a press...even this little "baby" one. The first time I turned a great flywheel... 30 years ago now... it felt right. I was in love with all of it: the weight of the press bed, the slight resistance as roller met plate, the gentle nudging to get things started and the physical action of turning the flywheel when the press took over the work. Printmaking is a finesse sport. A ballet. Don't let anyone tell you otherwise.
|Looky here: An inked block printed simultaneously with blind embossing. Cool.


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Some 6,000 New Yorkers are missing or dead. The jobs of 100,000 New Yorkers are at risk. And our City has gone from a projected budget surplus to predictions of multi-billion dollar deficits.
In the aftermath of this human tragedy, we must protect New Yorkers against new attacks by terrorists and confront the economic and fiscal crisis that threatens our city. We must provide safety and security and rebuild our city and economy. If we succeed, our City will be stronger than ever and well prepared to take on the challenge of fixing our schools as well.
Over the last three weeks, I've outlined my plans to improve safety and security in our city in the face of terrorist threats and rebuild our economy. Today, I am detailing my plans for seeking the type of federal assistance that is absolutely critical to this effort.
Taken together, this is a comprehensive plan to meet the crisis before us. In this time of peril, we need action not studies. We need to improve security, not just talk about it. And we need an approach to Washington that will redeem President Bush's promise to "rebuild New York City."
And we can't afford to wait until next February to start. Not when our safety is at stake. Not when with every day that passes more firms look to leave our city. Not when tens of thousands of New Yorkers employed three weeks ago face a future of uncertainty and despair.
Make no mistake. There is no precedent in the history of our city for the complex issues that we face today. But with leadership, we can overcome these challenges and turn this crisis into opportunity.
Here's my plan:
To Protect New Yorkers Against Terrorism
- Increase police presence and electronic and human surveillance of public transportation. Strictly prohibit unauthorized personnel from schools. Require checks or random searches of large bags in museums, stadiums and theatres.
- Improve security for electric grids, bridges and tunnels, the water supply, waterways and the harbor.
- Increase personnel assigned to counter-terrorism and designate a coordinator of all anti-terrorism efforts in the NYPD.
- Create a regional security working group to share intelligence.
- Improve investigation and prosecution of money laundering.
- Implement restrictions on trucks and automobiles in certain areas that could be the subject of terrorist threats.
To Rebuild Lower Manhattan
- Create a City-State, private-public, business-labor authority to develop a comprehensive economic revitalization plan. This new super agency, the New York City Emergency Redevelopment Authority (NYC-ERA), would be accountable to the Mayor and Governor and empowered by the State Legislature to quickly, efficiently move the revitalization effort forward.
- Immediately begin to provide temporary space for displaced firms and tax incentives and low cost financing for firms willing to stay and rebuild.
- Work with Washington and Albany to designate Lower Manhattan a "new kind" of empowerment zone, providing as-of-right benefits to firms that remain or relocate to the area.
To Use Federal Aid to Rebuild the City Economy
- Conduct a comprehensive needs assessment to fully assess not just the cost of recovery and clean up, but assistance for businesses and workers displaced, aid for victims and families, special assistance for firms and workers affected by tourism and air transportation job losses, repair costs, additional security costs and a comprehensive economic stimulus program.
- Win additional emergency funding from the federal government and make New York's recovery a priority as federal agencies make discretionary grant decisions including:
- Justice Department funding for crime control and Police Department anti-terrorism initiatives
- Education Department funding for class size reduction and professional development
- Transportation funding for economic stimulus projects like the Second Avenue Subway and the Cross Harbor Rail Freight Tunnel
- Targeted Economic Development Administration funding for Lower Manhattan and other neighborhoods directly affected by the World Trade Center disaster
- HUD funding for new housing initiatives
- HHS funding create a seamless transition from federal welfare to State safety net programs
- Labor Department funding for job training, workforce development and assistance to unemployed and dislocated workers
The number one goal of any mayor has always been public safety because without it not much else counts or works. That goal is now even more vital as the fact and threat of terrorism rises.
It's desirable and inevitable that officials review security measures in the aftermath of the World Trade Center attack to better protect our City in the future. As one who both believes that safety and security must be our top priority and who's been a life-long civil libertarian, I know that our city can have both civil order and civil rights, that we can be more secure without sacrificing our liberties.
Terrorism is a crime. And the NYPD has clearly and unequivocally proven that the police can have a powerful impact on crime with the right strategies. In the last decade of the 20th century, New York City confronted a crime crisis that spread fear and despair throughout our neighborhoods. Many thought that violent street crime had become a permanent part of this City. Under the leadership of Mayor Giuliani and Commissioner Bratton, the NYPD proved those skeptics wrong and restored a sense of safety that this City had not enjoyed for over thirty years.
In the first decade of this century we face another crisis, a crisis that also fosters fear and, if unchecked, despair. But if we are willing to engage in the same bold thinking that led to the reduction of violent crime, we can check the forces that would deprive us of our security.
Due to the innovative leadership of the Mayor and Jerry Hauer -- as the City's first head of the Office of Emergency Management -- New York was already better prepared than any other city to deal with the crisis that we now confront. But we need to do more. While no one can have definitive answers yet, it is clear that there are a
series of areas that we need to consider as we begin the task of re-orienting our police and emergency services in light of the threat of increased terrorism.
The singular theme that ties together all of these efforts -- "Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty."
Increasing Public Safety
Any plan to respond to terrorism must begin with efforts to increase the security of the public. We need to increase security at venues where the public has traditionally enjoyed unfettered access including subways and subway stations, railroads, major terminals, buses, stadiums, cultural institutions, schools, libraries and hospitals.
Increased security will require increased electronic and human surveillance of public transportation, more police presence, and the strict prohibition of unauthorized personnel from schools. Required checks or random searches of large bags in museums, stadiums and theatres, while inconvenient, may become necessary.
Additional security will also be necessary for electric grids, bridges and tunnels, the water supply, waterways and the harbor. Obviously, the FAA must reappraise and strengthen the lax system of airport screening.
The Police Commissioner must also consider and implement restrictions on trucks and automobiles in certain areas that could be the subject of terr orist threats.
Police Operations The NYPD will have to enhance its focus on counter-terrorism. Commissioner Kerik has already announced that more resources will be devoted to this effort. We need to build on this important and laudable first step. A new position should be created inside the NYPD to direct and coordinate anti-terrorism efforts. This position must have sufficient authority and resources to maximize the intelligence gathering capacity of the NYPD and the follow-up investigations that will be necessary. Additionally, the NYPD must make sure that information is shared with other relevant authorities and that all activities are conducted with a careful eye toward civil liberties.
One way to increase the amount of intelligence that we gather is to train all police officers to be sensitive to information that may be relevant to terrorist activity and make sure that the NYPD has a mechanism to centrally gather and review the information.
Because of the myriad of governmental policing bodies in the tri-state region, we should establish a regional security-working group to coordinate and share such important information.
Moreover, we need to attack cyber-terrorism and increase funding to investigate and prosecute money laundering. Terrorist activities require financial support. Disrupting the flow of funding would be an important tool in reducing the ability of terrorist to mount their operations.
CompStat -- with accurate and timely intelligence, rapid response, effective tactics and relentless assessment and follow up -- has been a very successful management tool for the NYPD's crime fighting efforts. A similar model can be used to combat terrorism.
The scope of the attack on the World Trade Center demonstrates the need to plan for attacks and disasters of any size. The City needs to identify and prepare for new threats. Repeated and large scale, multi-agency drills will have to become the norm. We can never be too prepared or over-anticipate the scope of a disaster.
New technology will be an important tool in the fight against terrorism. Beyond establishing secure, independent and protected telecommunication capacity for our police and emergency services, we must also take advantage of emerging technologies that permit equipment to "sniff" for the presence of bomb making materials or biological elements.
Guarding Against Bias Incidents
While reducing the risk of future terrorist attacks, let's also reach out and protect communities and individuals that might be the subject of retaliation. It is important that all New Yorkers focus on who the real enemy is and not subject followers of certain religions or individuals of certain ethnicities to harassment or worse.
September 11 changed our lives forever and will require new strategies and tactics in public security and policing. But we must also hold dear the rights that we have as Americans and guard against allowing the terrorist attack to succeed in restricting them. In much the same way that we can have reduced crime while respecting constitutional protections, we can take significant steps to reduce terrorism without trampling on the Constitution.
Just as the attack on the World Trade Center compels us to rebuild Downtown, it requires that we rethink security measures drafted in a more tranquil time. I know that New York and New Yorkers will again rise to the occasion and respond with the right mix of smart, innovative policies.
State-City "Emergency Redevelopment Authority"
The criminal attack on the World Trade Center has caused both a human and economic crisis for our city. This was an attack not just on the World Trade Center but on world trade itself - an attack apparently waged by people who reject the freedom and opportunities generated by the extraordinary marketplace of human creativity, energy and ingenuity known as New York.
Terrorists attacked New York City precisely because it represents the best of our nation and the free world. Therefore, our nation and allies must not allow these criminals to terrorize our City's ability to compete in and lead the global economy in the generation to come. For when New York City comes back, it will be a victory for America and the World.
Mayor Giuliani has done an extraordinary job in leading our city in these difficult times. He has embraced a city as it grieves and led a heroic effort to rescue the victims, comfort their families and begin to return our city to normalcy. He has earned the deep gratitude of every New Yorker.
Today, I want to outline my thoughts on what our city will have to do to return to normal . . . to rebuild Lower Manhattan, our economy and our confidence.
This unprecedented attack will require unprecedented emergency efforts to rebuild Downtown and preserve its strength as a center of commerce as a residential community for thousands of New Yorkers. In recent years, the extraordinary vitality of our city and regional economy has been fueled by the so-called FIRE sector - finance, insurance and real estate. And all three components of the FIRE sector have been directly assaulted by the terrorist attack. Beyond the immeasurable human suffering there is an economic crisis, one that threatens our city with significant potential job losses, corporate flight, and reductions in tax revenue that may jeopardize our city's fiscal balance and our ability to make essential investments.
Surviving and surmounting this criminal attack with our economic strength intact will be a challenge. But if the last ten days have proven anything, it is that our City can and will respond to even the greatest challenges. Since September 11th, I've met and spoken with leaders of business and labor and elected officials at the local, state and federal level about the steps we must take to reconstruct our local economy.
Step one is a comprehensive plan for economic revitalization and a City-State, private-public, business-labor authority to execute the plan. Serious crises require serious solutions, and the City of New York cannot effectively address this crisis without massive federal and state aid and the emergency redevelopment powers that only state action can provide.
That's why I am today calling for the creation of a new State/City entity with the extraordinary powers that will be required to respond effectively to this extraordinary crisis -- one single, superagency that can transcend turf battles and cut red tape to get this job done quickly, efficiently and comprehensively.
The Mayor and the Governor should create a New York City Emergency Reconstruction Authority (NYC-ERA), empowered by the State Legislature to get projects done on time and in budget. NYC-ERA should have the power of eminent domain and the ability to override time-consuming land use rules. It should be able to contract for the best quality work and negotiate with labor and business to do so at the lowest cost. And while it should be open to the advice and recommendations of all interested parties, it must be clearly accountable to the Mayor and the Governor.
NYC-ERA must develop and implement a plan to retain those businesses that have been displaced or directly affected by the World Trade Center attack. We need to move quickly to provide interim temporary space to displaced firms, and then the City, State and Federal governments must provide tax incentives and low cost financing for public and private development for firms willing to stay and rebuild. And the City should also work with Washington and Albany to designate Lower Manhattan as a new kind of enterprise or empowerment zone, providing as-of-right benefits to firms that remain or relocate there.
The $20 billion in federal disaster relief assistance that Washington has already promised is only the beginning of what our City will need to recover from what the President has correctly called an act of war. Once the recovery and clean up is complete, we will redevelop and rebuild those blocks in and around the World Trade Center that were destroyed. We must complete on a fast track projects already in the pipeline that will generate growth for Lower Manhattan as well as pursue a series of housing, transportation and education projects that are vital to our City's economic competitiveness.
All of this will require the cooperation and assistance of many in and beyond our City, most notably the Governor and State Legislature, Congress and the President. We must transcend politics as usual. There is enough work for everyone.
Our City was targeted precisely because we are a symbol of Western freedom and prosperity, so the nation and the world look to us to rise from the ashes and prove that terrorism will fail. A City that built an Empire State Building in fourteen months during the Depression can and will renew and rebuild.
Terrorists attacked our nation on September 11th. They struck at our economic and cultural heart: New York City. They killed thousands of our most productive and creative citizens, law enforcement officials and rescue workers. They temporarily closed the City's theaters, schools, tunnels and bridges to the outside world. Terrorists attacked New York City precisely because we represent the best of our nation and the free world.
For our nation to heal, we must not only provide support and prayers for victims and their families, clean up and rebuild our financial district, our downtown neighborhoods, subway system and streets, but we also must restore New York City to its full glory as a vital international center for business, culture, humanities, science, medicine, and the arts.
But New York City cannot do this alone. The rescue and recovery operation at the World Trade Center, the rebuilding of vital transportation and other infrastructure, necessary assistance to victims and families, displaced businesses and displaced workers will total as much as $60 billion. But real recovery will require more. It will require unprecedented investment to rebuild stimulate our local economy.
New York needs federal funding to pursue the most aggressive building program since the Great Depression. Investment will create immediate jobs in construction. And it will create long term economic competitiveness.
Just two weeks ago, President Bush told the nation and the world, that "as a symbol of America's resolve" his Administration would "show the world that we will rebuild New York City." That pledge offers our City and all New Yorkers a unique opportunity for real partnership with Washington to remake our city as the world's capitol.
To be blunt, New York's recovery will depend on sustained and massive federal assistance.
Step 1: Conduct a Comprehensive Needs Assessment
As Mayor, I would continue the efforts of the City and State to develop a comprehensive needs assessment to use in our effort to win federal aid. We are beginning to understand some of the costs. Just cleaning up the estimated 1.2 million tons of rubble left by the destruction of the World Trade Center is expected to take up to a year and cost $7 billion.
But economic recovery will require more than just site clean up. There needs to be a bi-partisan, State-City effort to develop a plan and assess the cost of:
- Assistance for businesses and workers displaced by the collapse of the World Trade Center;
- Aid for victims and families;
- Assistance for businesses and workers displaced as a result of significant downturns in tourism and air travel;
- Infrastructure repair costs;
- Additional security and emergency response system costs;
- Counseling and other mental health related services;
- Economic stimulus initiatives to retain and create new jobs.
- Lost revenues for the City.
Step 2: Win Additional Emergency Funding from Congress
President Bush and the Congress have acted quickly to make emergency funding available to help New York handle this disaster. Using special emergency authority under the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, Congress quickly passed a law that provides $20 billion now, and promises $20 billion later to pay for disaster relief.
While New York City needs and will receive a sizeable share of this federal assistance, it will have to compete with many agencies in the federal government and many other local entities that also need emergency funds -- to strengthen our nation's intelligence and security, investigate the terrorist incidents, rebuild the Pentagon, and toughen the security at our nation's airports and ports. The $40 billion emergency funding provided by Congress is intended to support the full range of federal, state and local recovery, security and rebuilding efforts not only in New York, but also in Virginia, Pennsylvania and across the nation. Without a sustained effort, there is no guarantee that funds that should go to New York, will go to New York.
The comprehensive needs assessment will bolster the City's case for federal aid. So will a demonstration that the City and State intend to cooperate rather than squabble over the distribution of funds and that federal funds will be well spent. That's one reason that we need to create a City-State, private-public, business-labor authority New York City Emergency Redevelopment Authority (NYC-ERA), empowered by the State Legislature to get projects done on time and on budget and clearly accountable to the Mayor and Governor. All federal funding for economic revitalization in New York City should be coordinated through this new authority.
Step 3: Make New York's Recovery a Priority for Every Federal Agency
Every year, federal agencies provide billions of dollars in grants to state and local governments and to private institutions to support programs from community policing, new highways, and welfare reform measures, to arts and humanities, school construction and scientific research. Often, it is the agency head or another executive branch official, who can decide how to allocate a sizeable portion of these funds. Now more than ever, New York City must take full advantage of this funding -- especially where the federal agency has some discretion in setting its spending priorities.
As Mayor, I would seek a commitment from the White House that makes New York City a priority when it comes to the distribution of funding from federal agencies. This would not require new federal funds. It would instead require the White House to commit its full support to the City's economic recovery through the following existing grant programs:
Helping Victims and Keeping our Neighborhoods Safe: The Department of Justice has over $4 billion in grant programs to support community crime control efforts nationwide. As Mayor, I would work with the Department's Office of Victims of Crime to ensure that it continues to provide substantial assistance to victims of the World Trade Center disaster. In addition, we would ask the COPS Office to provide new levels of funding to support local anti-terrorism plans and assist the Police Department's continuing efforts at crime control in neighborhoods throughout the city.
Educating Kids: The US Department of Education moved quickly to provide $4 million to New York City to support grief and trauma counseling and other services for students and teachers in the wake of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center. President Bush's proposed budget for next year includes $44.5 billion in discretionary programs at the Department of Education. These higher levels of federal funding for primary, secondary and higher education and for other educational programs will be essential for our City as New York faces its own budget shortfalls as a result of the tragedy.
Repairing Our Streets, Subways and Transportation Systems: The Department of Transportation Federal Highway Trust Fund provides over $6 billion in funding to improve transit systems and an approximately $30 billion investment in our nation's highways. Not only do we need to rebuild transit infrastructure directly affected by the attack, but we need new investments to improve the City's economic competitiveness. As Mayor, I will seek additional funding for the Second Avenue Subway and the Cross Harbor Rail Freight Tunnel.
Redeveloping the Financial District and other Affected Areas: The Department of Commerce Economic Development Administration is, according to a statement by its Director, committed to supporting New York City recovery efforts. I will ask this agency to direct a portion of its approximately $350 million grant program toward our efforts to plan and rebuild the financial district in New York, and to assist us city-wide, as communities face the economic consequences of the attack in terms of loss of business and loss of jobs.
Keeping New York Businesses in Business in New York: One of the first tasks for the New York City Economic Redevelopment Authority, which I have proposed, must be to develop and implement a plan to work with those businesses that have been displaced or directly affected by the World Trade Center attack. We do not want these businesses to move out of the City. But if they are going to stay, they will need very quickly temporary space, tax incentives, low cost financing for public and private development, and, in the case of small businesses, truly workable loans from the Small Business Administration. As Mayor, I would pledge to work with Washington and Albany to designate Lower Manhattan as a new kind of enterprise or empowerment zone, providing as-of-right benefits to firms that remain or relocate there -- and to seek the federal funding and incentive packages that are targeted to these areas.
Neighborhood Rebuilding: The Department of Housing and Urban Development's (HUD) Community Development Block Grants Program (CDBG) provides approximately $10 billion dollars in funding on an annual basis to support community development efforts nationwide. I will ask that a portion of these funds -- beyond those to which the City would ordinarily be entitled -- be directed to our neighborhood rebuilding efforts. We will also look to HUD for financial help as we work to incorporate affordable housing needs into our rebuilding plans.
Aid for New York's Families: The Department of Health and Human Services has responded quickly to the attack on our City by providing mental health and public health assistance, and a range of other help for the City and for our victims. As Mayor, I would continue to work closely with the US Department of Health and Human Services to secure all available grants for health services and family assistance. I will work especially hard -- together with HHS -- to ensure the smooth operation and full funding of New York's Safety Net program, a program that is particularly significant in light of the September 11th disaster and the ripple effects it will have on needy families throughout our City.
Getting New Yorkers Back to Work: I will seek funding from the approximately $7 billion Department of Labor Employment and Training Administration programs. These funds include a specific allocation to assist unemployed and dislocated workers -- and to get them retrained and re-employed as quickly as possible.
Supporting Arts, Science and Culture in the City: As Mayor. I'll also work to secure funding from the National Endowments of the Arts and Humanities, and the National Institutes of Health for our City and for local artists, art organizations, musicians and writers because these cultural institutions have an important role to play in helping our City heal. We must also strengthen our academic institutions so that New York City continues to be a strong and important force for advancement in science, medicine, academia and the humanities. In addition, President Bush has proposed significant increases in funding for science and medical research in his FY 2002 budget proposal. New York should continue to be a hub for this scientific innovation.
Step 4: A Voice in Washington
This is a crucial time for our City. We are fortunate in New York to have exceptional representatives in the U.S. House of Representatives and in the Senate. They are forceful advocates for our City.
The City needs to makes its case loud and clear. Under a Green Administration, the Mayor will be the City's chief lobbyist in Congress. We'll work closely with the Congressional delegation, business and labor to mount a bipartisan and convincing campaign for federal assistance.
During the Great Depression, the partnership between Mayor LaGuardia and President Roosevelt lifted our city out of an economic crisis and built so much of the infrastructure that we see around us today.
In the 1970s, Congress's eventual willingness to provide loan guarantees to the City ultimately helped to stave off bankruptcy.
Our City again needs to again turn to Washington for help. The act of war against our nation was an act of war against our city. We already have the pledge of the President to rebuild our city. Under a Green Administration, we'll have a plan to get it done.


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i am picking jim for the boot, as he is shown puking, and i think they will get rid of the weak, as to not make mistakes made by the previous tribes!! =]/ swanee, u are not in any of the games?? :':') i am having a strange time getting into it all again my self!! :roll:
Even Survivor challenge producer John Kirhoffer, who helped cook up the torturous trek, underestimated the toll it would take. "The hike turned out to be excruciating," he says.
Thursday, September 15, 2005NBC'S "THE APPRENTICE" DEBUTS ON THURSDAY, SEPT. 22, 9-10 P.M. ETReleased by NBCNBC'S "THE APPRENTICE" DEBUTS ON THURSDAY, SEPT. 22, 9-10 P.M. ET
last minute jitters .I was thinking Meh for the last answer ?? any thoughts ?
My Picks:Who gets voted off? Jim shoulda toughened that stomach up before treking to lands unkown..drink the water in Mexico for a week or three maybe...or sup on tripe for a month prior...or beeter still...stash some Imodium where the sun don't shine.. (in his armpits folks..get your minds out of the gutter (%#
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Thank you for visiting our website! Below you will be able to find the answer to Punch-in-the-gut reaction crossword clue which was last seen on USA Today Crossword, July 14 2017. Our site contains over 2.8 million crossword clues in which you can find whatever clue you are looking for. Since you landed on this page then you would like to know the answer to Punch-in-the-gut reaction. Without losing anymore time here is the answer for the above mentioned crossword clue:
We found 2 possible solutions in our database matching the query Punch-in-the-gut reaction
|USA Today July 14 2017
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|Become swollen
|"Think again, pal!"
|Red-nosed Disney chipmunk
|"Sicko" director Michael
|Knee-concealing skirt
|Kaffiyeh-wearing leader
|Appliance in a Denny's kitchen
|Bean favored by Hannibal Lecter
|Like a night owl's hours
|Elicits a popeyed look from
|Consummate skill
|Sugar in apricots and dates
|Brings about, as wrath
|No longer retired?
|Hoity-toity types
|Subsist on 27-Down
|Lab maze solver
|Make a sucker of
|Sheep's clothing, so to speak
|Goodly sum
|Cheer with an accented vowel
|Is a buttinsky
|Lacks roots, in a way
|Where boats may run aground
|Oasis locale
|Have a go at
|LBJ declared war on it
|Many an Urban Dictionary entry
|"Smooth Operator" singer
|Recipient of a bequest
|Learning venue for many tweens
|Tax planners' suggestions
|Quite a way off
|Marisa of "The Wrestler"
|Muscle above a pec
|Custodial closet items
|Ladybugs' markings
|Munich-based automaker
|Mauna ___
|Punch-in-the-gut reaction
|Sound from Sandy
|Handlers of deposits
|Friendly relations
|Foal's father
|Witness's pledge
|Wrap up
|Carve one's initials on, say
|Its source is in Peru
|Subjects for biopics
|Remove all traces of
|They may be plugged or tugged
|Calliope or Clio
|Louse up
|Legally undo
|1925 event whose title often includes "Monkey"
|Charmin roll's center
|Pasture growth
|Sign after Pisces
|Courtroom admission
|Shout "Duck!" to, say
|Easily ticked off
|Welch's or Smucker's offering
|Prepare for a selfie
|Some lap dogs, briefly
|Goes back, in a way
|Publisher of Esquire
|Extinct cousin of the pigeon
|Sap-sucking insect
|"Finished at last!"
|Groupings in "Noah"
|Flip one's wig
|Sci-fi craft
|Move like Kanga
|Tweeter's "As I see it . . ."
|Exact revenge on
|HMS part, sometimes
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ESPN/HBO/NBC/Basement Somewhere In New Jersey's Jim Gray has come up for air enough to report that Ron Artest has accepted the trade to the Sacramento Kings. We wish the city of Sacramento all kinds of luck; have fun, you crazy kids. There has to be some sort of Schwarzenegger angle here, doesn't there?
Go Sell Crazy Someplace Else [Deadspin]


text:
The cast of "Modern Family" was jubilant and seemingly everywhere at HBO's annual post-Emmy bash at the Pacific Design Center on Sunday night.
The ABC sitcom was riding high thanks to its fourth consecutive Emmy win for best comedy, and star Ty Burrell, who plays oddball son-in-law Phil Dunphy, was in an upbeat mood.
"I think my favorite Emmy moment was when Judy Greer ran and jumped in front of a photograph, and then if it's possible to photo-bomb a phone interview she did that," he joked.
"My favorite moment was when Ty Burrell didn't win," said the friend he was with.
"At home you literally jumped out of your seat when that didn't happen," Burrell said gamely.
Burrell's costars Ed O'Neill and Eric Stonestreet mingled nearby while around them swarms of partygoers sipped Champagne and nibbled on tiny gourmet Popsicles underneath a clear outdoor tent.
Stonestreet struck a more serious tone, saying, "We tell family stories people can relate to. Until somebody decides we're not the best comedy, we're going to continue to win."
Winning was also O'Neill's favorite part of the night.
"Believe me, four is better than three," he said of the show's newest statue. "We'd like to get five, we'd like to tie 'Frasier.'"
Until Sunday night, "Frasier" was indeed the most honored show in Emmy history, but the venerable variety show "Saturday Night Live" bested its record with Don Roy King's directing award (which made 40 statues for the NBC mainstay).
"SNL" producer Lorne Michaels was definitely pleased with that situation as he stood in a quiet corner toward the back of the elaborate party talking with a friend.
"I was happy that our director won, I was happy that Stephen Colbert won and everything else," Michaels said. "You like what you like. Sometimes you're in sync with the academy and sometimes you're not."
Michaels said that overall he had been in sync with the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences on Sunday night.
"There were a few surprises," he said, but wouldn't elaborate on what they were for him. He said he was just looking forward to the new season of "SNL," which kicks off with Tina Fey as host and Arcade Fire as the musical guest.
The massive party was loud and full to bursting with a who's who of the entertainment industry, including Emmy winner Jeff Daniels, Will Arnett, Seth MacFarlane, Lena Dunham, Judd Apatow, Jane Fonda, Michael Douglas (who won an Emmy for his portrayal of Liberace in HBO's biopic "Behind the Candelabra), and many more.
There was a modestly sized dance floor and table after table of salads, pastas and dainty finger sandwiches. Spirits and wine flowed freely from the many bars throughout the room.
One of the liveliest conversations was happening between "The Office" co-creator Stephen Merchant and Bobby Cannavale, who won the Emmy for supporting actor in a drama series for his work on "Boardwalk Empire."
The pair were standing with Cannavale's girlfriend (and "Damages" star) Rose Byrne, joking about where Cannavale put his statue.
"Where is your award?" asked Merchant, who also stars in the new HBO comedy "Hello Ladies."
Cannavale looked around and frowned.
"I had it on the table earlier," he said. "The kid was like, 'Do you wanna check it?' and I just said, 'Nah, I'll just leave it here.'"
"I would say keep your eye on it," Merchant said. "I heard someone say their award had been stolen, not tonight but in the past."
"How am I going to take it on the plane tomorrow? That's the question," Cannavale said, adding that winning the Emmy was completely surreal.
"It was all in slo-mo," he said as Byrne nodded in agreement beside him. The win was also completely unexpected.
"I always expect it," Merchant chimed in with a sly smile. "I wasn't even in the ceremony and I thought I was gonna win an award. They should give me an award just for my contribution to TV."
Follow the Ministry of Gossip on Twitter @LATcelebs and on Facebook facebook.com/ministryofgossip.


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The Clippers do not know who their boss will be.
The reason goes beyond the uncertainty which ownership group will purchase the franchise after NBA Commissioner Adam Silver instituted a lifetime ban on Donald Sterling for making racially disparaging comments on an audio tape.
The NBA also announced Saturday it will appoint a chief executive officer to supervise the team's operations.
As if the Clippers needed another distraction before Game 7 of their first-round series against the Golden State Warriors at Staples Center.
"We have to talk about everything else, so let's just talk about that too," Clippers coach Doc Rivers said. "The NBA has to do its job. They have a lot on their plate as well. I don't think it's something they can wait on. They're going to do their job."
The owners' advisory/finance committee, made up of 10 owners, including Lakers president Jeanie Buss, decided Thursday via conference call to remove Sterling. Neither that process or who the NBA will appoint as CEO in conjunction with Clippers management has a clear timetable.
Whoever the NBA appoints as a CEO will have ultimate authority both over Clippers president Andy Roeser and Rivers, according to a league source. Roeser oversees the Clippers' day-to-day operations, while Rivers runs basketball operations. The Clippers are currently unaware of what the next steps will entail.
"The best way to ensure the stability of the team during this difficult situation is to move quickly and install a CEO to oversee the Clippers organization," NBA spokesman Mike Bass said. "The process of identifying that individual is underway."
NBA deputy commissioner Mark Tatum was in Los Angeles for Game 7 and is believed to have the responsibility to interview Clippers employees during the transition process.
"I spoke with Commissioner Adam Silver this week to tell him that I fully supported his recent swift and decisive action," Clippers co-owner Shelly Sterling said in a statement. "We also agreed at that time that, as a next step, both the league and the team should work together to find some fresh, accomplished executive leadership for the Clippers. I welcome his active involvement in the search for a person of the utmost character, proven excellence and a commitment to promoting equality and inclusiveness."
Telling her story
After repeatedly questioning Donald Sterling why he made racist remarks on an audio tape, V. Stiviano appeared on Barbara Walters' 20/20 in an interview that aired Friday night defending the Clippers' embattled owner.
"Mr. Sterling is from a different generation than I am," said the 31-year-old Stiviano, who insisted her recorded conversation was leaked through a third party. "I think he was brought up to believe these things … segregation, whites and blacks. But through his actions he's shown that he's not a racist. He's shown to be a very generous and kind man."
Sterling expressed irritation that Stiviano posted a picture of herself with Magic Johnson on Instagram. Sterling also repeatedly told Stiviano not to bring black friends to Clippers games. Stiviano has resisted all interviews ever since TMZ and Deadspin released tapes of Sterling's remarks. Stiviano said Sterling should "absolutely" apologize and expressed uncertainty he will. But she maintained affection for Sterling, likening him to a father. Stiviano also denied she is in a romantic relationship with Sterling and described herself as one of his assistants.
"I think he feels very alone, not truly supported by those around him," Stiviano said. "Tormented, emotionally traumatized."


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Tuesday, December 1, 2009
Blog Carnival Site Problems and COG Deadline Extension
Since the blog carnival website has been down and I may have to spend time "scooping up" any articles that did not get submitted via e-mail any way, I am extending the submission deadline by a day "or so." So keep those e-mail submissions coming!
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Horn has stopped working
Horn on my 2000 ZR2 has stopped working for the steering wheel. Works for the alarm. The fuse and relay are both good. Checked contacts in steering wheel and they appeared to be fine, cleaned them just to be sure and still no luck. Used to hear a click (when the horn worked) from somewhere under the dash when the horn button was pushed, now I don't hear it. Thinking whatever made that clicking sound before might be the issue. Any help would be appreciated!
Well this is crazy. After posting my question I went into the garage and took apart the steering wheel again thinking I was on the right track with the contacts. I decided to flip the little copper contact plates over just for giggles mostly, but thinking they might be worn out on one side. And voila! I have horn again! Thanks to anyone who was about to help me out. I hope this helps anyone with this issue and I'll be happy to reply to anyone looking for more details on this fix.0
I'm glad you got that worked out. It had me scratching my head.
tidester, host
SUVs and Smart Shopper0
louie1999 Posts: 3same thing happens on my 99 blazer one of those on again off again things when i need to use it nothing happens other times it'll honk all day long0
Have you tried c5nut's approach to the problem? Let us know what you find out.
tidester, host
SUVs and Smart Shopper0
That's exactly how my problem started. It went on like that for over a year. And then finally quit working all together. I haven't had any issues since I turned the contacts around though. Got lucky on that I guess.0
02Blazer Posts: 1I have a 2002 Blazer and have had the same problem. The dealership has "looked into" the problem several times and can NOT find the cause or a solution for it. They have had the horn apart and replaced the "smart" switch in the stearing column. When you hit the horn It will work sometimes, but then it will stop working for no reason, but it always works with the key fob and the alarm.0
Try flipping the copper contacts over in the steering wheel. That's how I fixed mine. It wasn't hard to take the wheel apart, it only took me about 45 mins. Since I flipped the contact plates over I haven't had a problem. Another idea I had while looking at the steering wheel dismantled was to place thin washers between these contact plates and where they are mounted. The idea being they would be closer to the point of contact for the horn button.
Here's how I took apart the steering wheel:
First you'll want to disable the airbag by disconnecting the battery and waiting at least 2 mins before starting (the airbag can still go off during that time).
Turn the key and unlock the steering wheel. Turn the wheel 90*. Doesn't matter which way. There's a small torx head screw that holds the cover to the back. After It's removed, turn the wheel 180* the opposite direction and remove the other one (you'll want to leave it in this position for the next step). The cover will slide down the shaft just enough so you can peek into the airbag cavity. **I had taken the two piece cover off the steering shaft but I don't think it was necessary. But later, if you find you need more room to work, taking it off might do it. It was easy, 3 screws to take off on the bottom and the tilt lever button comes off with a good pull.
Here's the tricky part. With wheel in the same position you need to look in the airbag cavity and locate the end of a spring that secures the airbag and horn button. It's a coil type spring that kind of looks like a cotter pin. Using a small flat screw driver or scratch awl push the end of the spring down towards the floor. This should move the button out a bit you might have to pull it towards you (gently!). Once you have that spring disengaged, turn the wheel 180* again and repeat. The horn button should be loose now. I didn't disconnect the wires, I simply let it rest on the wheel.
Now locate the copper contacts for the button. There are four of them at the 2, 4, 8, and 10 o'clock positions. They are each held in place by one torx head screw. Here's where you need to decide if you just want to flip 'em over as I did, or try the washer idea. If you decide to flip 'em (try that first) do one at a time so you can keep track of which side is which.
The test. Pop the button back in place (it should snap in), connect the battery, hold your mouth right, and push the button.
Hopefully that does it. If not, maybe try the washer idea. And if that doesn't work, I would suggest middle finger aerobics. Good Luck!0
This discussion has been closed.


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