text: SAN FRANCISCO PUBLIC LIBRARY COMMISSION (As approved amended September 16, 2004) Minutes of the regular meeting of Thursday, August 19, 2004. The San Francisco Public Library Commission held a regular meeting on Thursday, August 19, 2004, in the Koret Auditorium, Main Library. The meeting was called to order by President Higueras at 4:08pm. The following members were present: Bautista, Coulter, Higueras, and Streets. Commissioner Chin joined the meeting at 4:14pm. Vice President Steiman and Commissioner Strobin were reported excused attendance Agenda Items: 1) Public Comment 4) Bond Program Manager's Report 2) City Librarian Search Process 3) City Librarian Profile & Recruitment Brochure 5) City Librarian's Report 6) Resolution Honoring Commissioner Fran A. Streets 13) Adjournment APPENDIX A -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AGENDA ITEM #1 PUBLIC COMMENT Public comment on AGENDA ITEM #1 PUBLIC COMMENT An anonymous member of the public quoted from a recent Library Journal editorial and commented on San Francisco Public Library history. Mr. Michael Kwok expressed his frustration as a disabled person at being unable to participate in a City Librarian Search Process community meeting held at the West Portal Library as the West Portal Library was not wheelchair accessible. Mr. Peter Warfield echoed concern with accessibility issues; found the City Librarian Search process rushed, and suggested additional community meetings. Mr. Warfield also recommended readings noted in the cited Library Journal editorial and commented about his complaints against the Library at the Sunshine Ordinance Task Force. President Higueras announced that the agenda would be reordered and that the BLIP Manager's Report would be taken up next followed by the City Librarian Search Process related items. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AGENDA ITEM #4 BOND PROGRAM MANAGER'S REPORT (Presented by Branch Library Improvement Program Manager Marilyn Thompson -This is a discussion item to allow the Branch Library Bond Program Manager to report on recent bond program related activities and make announcements.) Ms. Thompson introduced Deputy City Attorney Catharine Barnes. Ms Barnes presented a report on the City's new Disadvantaged Businesses Contracting Policy put into place by the Board of Supervisors as an urgent matter in wake of a recent court decision disallowing contracting policies under the Minority and Women Owned Business Ordinance as an informational presentation at the meeting. The BLIP Manager next presented the current budget and schedule of active projects, a construction report, and community outreach report, (copies attached). Ms. Thompson concluded her report by presenting special reports on the Bond Program's responses to the Peer Review Panel's comments concerning the West Portal and Noe Valley Libraries. Public comment on AGENDA ITEM #4 BOND PROGRAM MANAGER'S REPORT An anonymous member of the public questioned the dating of reports offered and discussed the possible impact of cost escalations in branches such as Ortega when their renovation was delayed. Mr. Michael Kwok urged that better signage for disabled access in all of the branches and called attention to the Disabled Community's preference for ramped access rather that use of elevators. Mr. Kwok recommended cooperation with the Mayor's Office on Disability in developing the branch projects. Commission discussion of AGENDA ITEM #4 BOND PROGRAM MANAGER'S REPORT President Higueras called attention to the importance of the Commission's considering the potential overall impact on the Bond Program when some projects are postponed. The Acting City Librarian left the meeting at 5:05pm. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AGENDA ITEM #2 CITY LIBRARIAN SEARCH PROCESS REPORT Library Executive Search Consultant Mr. Hawkins presented a detailed overview of the and review of the ongoing City Librarian Search process focusing particular attention on the information gathered through four staff and seven community input meetings and noting that 60% of the 113 survey forms returned were from library staff, (copy attached). Mr. Hawkins described the responses received and outlined the next steps in the process. Public comment on AGENDA ITEM #2 CITY LIBRARIAN SEARCH PROCESS REPORT An anonymous member of the public described the community meetings as outrageous and suggested that the public process was designed to put a gloss on a secretive closed process noting the Richmond meeting was held behind a closed door. Mr. Peter Warfield expressed concern with the lack of mention of books in Mr. Hawkins' report and found what he termed blurring of comments appalling. Mr. Warfield commented that too few topics were addressed and too few respondents reached in the process. Ms. Melissa Riley, Branch Librarian/Librarian's Guild submitted a 1997 Librarians' Guild statement on the qualities sought in a new City Librarian as well as information conceding the American Library Association (ALA) Core Values Committee on which she serves. Ms Riley also called attention to a recent American Libraries article "Staying Public" that found libraries to be the democratic heart of their communities. Commission discussion of AGENDA ITEM #2 CITY LIBRARIAN SEARCH PROCESS REPORT The Commissioners each discussed in some detail their experiences at the out-reach meetings that each had attended, calling attention to wide range of views and comments offered. There followed a discussion about importance of the generating publicity and making extensive media outreach during this process and suggestions were made for finding more additional ways, including use of the City Channel, to get the word out to the community concerning the ongoing City Librarian Search. The Commission then discussed qualities they would expect in candidates seeking to become the new City Librarian At the end of this discussion, after responding to a question by Commissioner Bautista concerning inter-relationships and differing views between Main Library and branch staff, Ms. Riley introduced Ms. Faye Roe, the new Local 790, SEIU representative to the Commissioners. The Commission called a brief recess at 6:08pm. The Commission returned to session at 6:23pm -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AGENDA ITEM #3 CITY LIBRARIAN PROFILE & RECRUITMENT BROCHURE Mr. Hawkins presented a proposed design layout for the proposed 11"x17" recruitment Brochure and discussed a proposed text, (copy attached). Mr. Hawkins noted that such brochure were an expected element of most executive search efforts. Public comment on AGENDA ITEM #3 CITY LIBRARIAN PROFILE & RECRUITMENT BROCHURE An anonymous member of the public found the brochure selling the City rather than the job and found troubling the use of terms such as "stakeholder", suggesting that this was a tool to exclude and the brochure appeared to give a consumer/commercial focus to the position. Mr. Peter Warfield commented that the brochure should be clear on the position's requirements and call attention to balancing traditional and technical library services, as well as emphasize critical issues facing the Library. Mr. Warfield was troubled by an emphasis he found on fundraising and donor solicitation. Commission discussion of AGENDA ITEM #3 CITY LIBRARIAN PROFILE & RECRUITMENT BROCHURE Commissioner Coulter questioned the need for such a brochure; finding the proposed example generic and not focused on informing candidates of the real challenges and opportunities presented by the City Librarian's position. Commissioner Coulter felt the brochure lacked dynamism and should instead note important accomplishments of the Library such as the new Main Library, and improvements of services and collections as well as highlight potential challenges a new Librarian would face. Commissioner Coulter suggested that it be honest about the cauldron of reality candidates for the position would face. Commissioner Coulter noted that the issues facing the new City Librarian should be more fully spelled out in 10 or 12 items bluntly put. He asked about the relative important of several factors including fundraising responsibilities, the necessity that candidates have an MLS Degree, and noted the importance of their being intellectually engaging. This was Commissioner Coulter noted a tough city and a difficult job. President Higueras recommended a shorter brochure focus on the many positives rather than just the few negatives about the position. President Higueras found the proposed brochure glossy and felt there was little need to sell the City to prospective candidates. President Higueras requested that whatever was produced be factual concise and deal with realities. Commissioner Bautista pointed that candidates should be aware of issues such as the challenges in serving the homeless. Commissioner Chin thought that candidates should be encouraged to take up the challenges highlighted. Mr. Hawkins responded to the discussion by noting that the brochure of some kind was an expected tool in most serious executive searches and that he would take all the comments offered and bring back a revised proposal at the September 2 meeting. The Acting City Librarian rejoined the meeting at 6:45pm -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AGENDA ITEM #5 CITY LIBRARIAN'S REPORT Acting City Librarian Paul Underwood informed the Commissioners of the details of the final $58.845 million 2004/05 Library Budget as approved by the Board of Supervisors and signed by Mayor Newsom with minimal reductions. Mr. Underwood discussed the Board's decision to approve on reserve $300,000 in initial funding for RFID and reported that the Library would work cooperatively with the ACLU and EFF to craft a Request for Proposals (RFP) for the Library's RFID system that addressed the concerns raised by members of the public. The Acting City Librarian also reported that because of a perceived to delay in expending a $500,000 allocation of Library Preservation Fund monies for school libraries made last fiscal year, that 80% of the budgeted funds for the salaries of the Deputy City Librarian and Chief of Children & Youth Services had been placed in a reserve pending a review by the Board's Finance Committee that the earmarked funds had been spent. Mr. Underwood noted that this budget resulted in the Library retaining a $2.429 million Budget reserve. The Acting City Librarian next discussed the impact of "bumping" among city job classifications and how that affected Library staff. The Acting City Librarian then passed around a sign-up sheet listing a proposed schedule for the 28 mandated Prop. E (Library Preservation Fund 1994) branch meetings he proposed be held during September 13 through October 16th. Mr. Underwood requested that the Commissioners to sign up for at least 4 or 5 meetings each. The Acting City Librarian next reported on the completion of a reflooring project for the Chinatown Branch and concluded his report with details of upcoming programs and exhibitions. Public comment on AGENDA ITEM #5 CITY LIBRARIAN'S REPORT An anonymous member of the public commented that library budget reserves had been proposed to be redirected to provide youth employment, noted that they would have preferred a written report on the proposed Prop. E meetings. This person suggested that pairing the Prop. E meetings limited participation but found good news in the completion of the Chinatown flooring project. Mr. Peter Warfield expressed surprise that the proposed reallocation of library funds for youth employment was a surprise to the Library. Mr. Warfield found lacking the choices for public service hours offered in the Library's Prop. E survey forms; calling the options offered too limited and not responsive to having public service hours extend to 10pm or on weekend nights. Commission discussion of AGENDA ITEM#5 CITY LIBRARIAN'S REPORT President Higueras asked that additional information concerning the Prop. E meetings be brought back to the Commission at its September 2nd meeting. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AGENDA ITEM #6 RESOLUTION HONORING COMMISSIONER FRAN A. STREETS Commissioner Streets informed her colleagues that she had submitted her resignation to Mayor Newsom and would be leaving the Commission at the end of August. Public comment on AGENDA ITEM #6 RESOLUTION HONORING COMMISSIONER FRAN A. STREETS An anonymous member of the public lauded Commissioner Streets' decade of Service on the Public Library Commission under Mayor's Jordan and Brown. This person further noted her noble effort at establishing a policy of honesty and suggested that she should write about her experiences as a Commissioner. Mr. Peter Warfield recalled Commissioner Streets service as leader of the Commission's Finance Committee and commending her diligence and hard work regretted her leaving. Commission discussion of AGENDA ITEM #6 RESOLUTION HONORING COMMISSIONER FRAN A. STREETS Commissioner Coulter noted Commissioner Streets had brought stability, and a focus on greater attention to financial details to the Commission and mourned her departure. Commissioner Chin observed that Commissioner Streets had served the community well and brought important and valuable expertise to the Library Commission. Commissioner Bautista lauded Commissioner Streets as a respected civic and community leader that provided the best example of good citizenship. Acting City Librarian Paul Underwood expressed Library staffs' deep thanks and heartfelt appreciation for Commissioner Streets dedication and leadership on behalf of the Library. President Higueras concluded by calling attention to commissioner Streets very significant and lasting contributions to the betterment of the San Francisco Public Library. MOTION: by Commissioner Bautista, 2nd Commissioner Chin for approval of the proposed resolution honoring retiring Library Commissioner Fran A. Streets Adopted by the following vote: AYE 5-0 (Bautista, Chin, Coulter, Higueras, and Streets) In view of the likely loss of the meeting's quorum President Higueras continued the approval of the various minutes and other remaining agenda items to consideration at a future meeting and moved to adjournment. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AGENDA ITEM # 13 ADJOURNMENT MOTION: by Commissioner Chin, 2nd Commissioner Bautista that the meeting be adjourned in memoriam of the late Darcus Thomas, a longtime and respected library staff member, who made significant contributions to the betterment of the library and her community. Public comment on AGENDA ITEM # 10 ADJOURNMENT An anonymous member of the public called the Commissioners' attention to the passing of former Library Commissioner Ellen Sanger, noting her contributions to San Francisco as a Commissioner, with the Coro Foundation, the Foundation for San Francisco's Architectural Heritage, and on the Presidio Council. Adopted by the following vote: AYE 5-0 (Bautista, Chin, Coulter, Higueras, and Streets) The meeting was adjourned at 7:45pm. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Michael Housh, Commission Secretary 9/20/04 Amendments to these Minutes are in alternative Typeface. ATTACHMENTS: BLIP Manager's report notes (PDF 72K) BLIP Budget & Schedule reports (PDF 151K) PROP. E Hearing schedule City Librarian Search Draft brochure layout (PDF 108K) City Librarian Search draft text Resolution honoring Commissioner Fran A. Streets (PDF 78K) Appendix A The Public Comment Summary Statements included in these Minutes are authorized by San Francisco Administrative Code Section 67.16. These summary statements are provided by the speaker. Their contents are neither generated by, nor subject to approval or verification of accuracy by, the San Francisco Public Library Commission. The number of members of the public who spoke anonymously at this meeting. 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Explanatory documents: Copies of listed explanatory documents are available as follows: (1) from the Commission Secretary/Custodian of Records, Main Library, 6th Floor, (2) in the rear of the Koret Auditorium immediately before and during the meeting, and (3)to the extent possible, on the Library's Web site. Additional materials not listed as explanatory documents, if any, that are distributed to the Library Commissioners prior to or during the meeting in connection with any agenda item will be available to the public for inspection and copying in accordance with Government Code Section 54954.1 and Sunshine Ordinance §§ 67.9, 67.28(b) & 67.28(d).


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Recently we had our spring semi-annual meeting of the Sunrise Volunteers.
Sunrise Manor provided us a meal catered from Fazoli's Restaurant in Elizabethtown.
We elected two new officers: Sybil Skaggs, first vice-president, and Candy Vincent, second vice-president. They are both dedicated volunteers.
We also would like to welcome two new volunteers at the Manor: Bruce Hatfield and Suzanne Boone.
Congratulations to all the participants in the 4-H Poetry Contest. They are to be commended for their efforts. More than 300 poems were entered and the poems have been judged.
The poems were divided into two age groups for judging. Junior division participants are ages 9-13 and the senior age division includes 14-18 year olds.
The top-nine junior poems and the top-two senior poems will advance to the district competition.
Crosstown Homemakers
The Crosstown Homemakers Club meets at 7 p.m. every third Thursday from September through May at the homes of different members.
In September, we donated $100 to Feeding America Backpack Program for LaRue County children. We also donated money for the Ovarian Cancer Fund and Pennies for Friendship. Several of our members take advantage of the ovarian cancer program.
Dale Dobson, left, safety administrator for the Kentucky Department of Agriculture, was the guest speaker at last week's meeting of the Hodgenville Rotary Club. He is pictured with Rotarian Nathan Highbaugh.
Opal Dail, president of the Hodgenville Woman's Club, presented a check to Harold Beismer of Second Chance Youth Ranch. The funds will be used to purchase youth helmets.
Larry Howell, magistrate of District 4, was the guest speaker at a recent Rotary Club meeting. He was the guest of Rotarian Paula Varney.
Brian Anderson won the Central Regional Rotary Speech Contest on April 15. He will compete for the Western District Championship on May 16 in Paducah. Anderson is pictured with his mother Kim Anderson and the Bowling Green Rotary Past-President Cheryl Kirby-Stokes.
South Fork Homemakers have had an average of 15 members attend our meetings since November.
In November, Lois Hornback hosted our meeting at her home and provided a wonderful meal for us. We donated money to the Ovarian Cancer Fund and Pennies for Friendship.
In December, we donated $150 to the County Homemaker Scholarship Fund and $50 to the Legacy Fund for Extension Agents to either continue education or to use for special projects. We enjoyed playing "Dirty Santa" and exchanging Christmas gifts.
The Garden Club of Elizabethtown met April 2. About 30 members from Elizabethtown, Radcliff, Rineyville, Glendale and Hodgenville attended. Two new members, Jack Herrmann and Jerry Snyder, were welcomed. Betty Long, M.C. Meserve and Jackie Huffines were the hostesses.
On Feb. 26 a few members of the New Haven Cub Scout Pack 996 and Boy Scout Troop 996 visited the state Capitol to serve as pages under Sen. Jimmy Higdon, R-Lebanon. They are pictured from left, Mike Ellard, son of Bert and Billie Ellard, of New Hope; James Michael Courtney, son of James and Renee Courney, of Bardstown; the senator; Marcus Clark, son of Stacey and Danna Clark, of New Haven; and Cody Clark, son of Russ and Jessica Clark, of New Haven.
Copyright © 2019
The LaRue County Herald is your source for local news, sports, events and information in LaRue County, KY, and the surrounding area.

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Our mission; production of quality boats with smooth cruising performances and great comfort.
What makes us stand out; attention to details, precision and smart solutions
We care about nature; our electric propulsion boats are eco-friendly and help protecting our precious nature.
All of our clients leave their signature on our boats. We customize, we modify, we diversify, ultimately, we make a perfect boat for you.


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Sunnyview Boarding Cattery is the recent conversion of a redundant Farm Building into a cool, clean, hygienic, modern boarding cattery whose design incorporates the latest CIEH standards for Catteries, providing a safe, comfortable, home from home for your cat.
We are a cat only establishment to ensure a stress free stay with us while you enjoy your holiday.
We now have regular customers who return over and over again.
Our pens were installed by the market leading Animalhousing.com who specialise in Kennel and Cattery design and installation.
For the safety and well-being of all residents, all Cats must hold a current Vaccination Certificate and the course must have been completed four weeks prior to your cats stay.
All cats shown within this website are recent residents of Sunnyview Boarding Cattery


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Things are getting spooky around Doncaster Market this October!
Join us this October at Doncaster Market for some Spooktacular events! 27th October- Doncaster Town Centre's Trick or Treat Trail A Trick or Treat Trail across 13 venues across the Town Centre. Go to as many or as few as you like and fill your goody bags with some amazing gifts. You'll even get to… Read more »
A sneak peek behind the hoardings at the Wool Market
The Wool Market redevelopment is well underway, and we wanted to share a snapshot of what's going on behind the hoardings. We're excited to see permanent structures going into place!
The Clam and Cork – Doncaster's number 1 Restaurant on TripAdvisor
Of the 471 restaurants in Doncaster listed on TripAdvisor, Doncaster Fish Market's destination venue the Clam and Cork has now been rated #1! With 92% of their reviews achieving an 'Excellent' verdict, the Clam and Cork can now claim their place as the foremost restaurant in Doncaster.
Armed Forces Day 2018 – Saturday 30th June
A parade honouring both serving and ex-servicemen will travel throughout the town centre on Saturday 30th June, starting from Sir Nigel Gresley square at 11am prompt, passing through town to the Grade 1 listed Mansion House and ending at Doncaster Market Square.
Wool Market Traders… Where are they now?
It's been six months since the Wool Market closed down for refurbishment and works are well underway to transform the historic building into a vibrant destination offering an enhanced retail and food offer to the people of Doncaster. As part of the scheme, traders who had previously been based in the Wool Market and some from the Irish Middle Market were relocated to other areas of the Market Estate so they could continue their businesses as part of the Doncaster Markets community.
01302 736737
07775 704572
Tuesday and Friday,
9am – 4pm.
9am – 4.30pm.
Antique and bric-a-brac
market open Wednesday.
Keep up to date!
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Published Jan 5, 2015
Not all salons are created equal. Some pamper you, others bring cutting-edge style. What makes a salon the best for you?
Who wouldn't feel passionate about a massage? Tell us who's best at... see the Top 5 →
Fun in the sun can be overrated. Who makes you look naturally radiant? see the Top 5 →
Diamonds aren't the only thing that last forever. Tell us where you'd go... see the Top 5 →
Unwanted hair can be such a hassle to get rid of. Where do you go to get... see the Top 5 →
Ribs, pulled pork, burnt ends, or brisket? Whatever your choice, you... see the Top 5 →
When the hardest choice is sweet or savory, you know you're in for a treat... see the Top 5 →
The 2014 A-List awards are based on more than 91,000 votes from local Milwaukee-area experts.


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What better way to dress up your table for Easter than with décor that looks good enough to eat… and actually is! It wasn't the pretty flower arrangements or sparkling glassware that caught the eye of Jennifer from Jennifer's Mentionables as she browsed through Pottery Barn's Easter catalog but their tasty bird's nest cupcakes that double as dessert and décor. How sweet is this?!?
Jennifer was inspired by this tablescape featured by Pottery Barn.
Make your own tasty bird's nest treats with Jennifer at Jennifer's Mentionables.


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Gye Greene's Thoughts (w/ apologies to The Smithereens and their similarly-titled album!)
Labels: guitars, stories, wisdom
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Living in Brisbane, AU, and was once trying to find musically compatible folks that live in town. Now I just figure "if it happens"...
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According to ABC News , a Halloween mask of accused Colorado shooter, James Holmes, was pulled from eBay. The infamous Aurora shooting happened in July at a screening of "The Dark Knight Rises." Holmes is accused entering an Aurora theater and opening fire on moviegoers according to CBS. Holmes said he was "The Joker" and had his hair dyed bright orange.
The Examiner reports the eBay add read:
"SHOCK EVERYONE YOU KNOW!There is nothing more scary than crawling into James Holmes mind and wearing his face. His 'soul penetrating eyes' and 'The Joker' orange hair makes this mask the most disturbing object you will ever own. Imagine owning the mask of supposedly the most dangerous mass murderer in US history."


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Most advisors will remember March 9th 2009 as one of the scariest days they'd ever faced in their careers. No doubt everyone was worried about how their clients would react to the market falling to its lowest point in 13 years; their portfolios just lost tens of thousands of dollars in a day and they were looking to their advisor for answers.
The fact is advisors don't have just their client's portfolio to manage; advisors have their client's emotions to manage as well. Advisors face the constant risk of clients overreacting to "danger" in the market, making poor decisions in their financial planning, or even firing their advisors because they don't understand market swings.
Countless studies on the brain's response to stress, and Financial Finesse's own findings on the behavior of retirement plan participants, show that intense acute stress (which hits, for example, when there is news of an extreme market drop) temporarily damages our brain's hippocampus and causes us to experience hampered short-term memory and affects our ability to learn and to concentrate, i.e. our brain screeches to a halt and goes into survival mode.
Possibly even more harmful to our ability to make rational decisions than acute stress is ongoing financial stress. Our recent research on trends in employees' financial stress revealed that even with the stock market rebound and more people out of financial hot water, 86% of employees say they have some sort of financial stress. Where else can you find 86% of people agreeing on something?
It wasn't just among lower-income or even middle-income Americans where we saw financial stress. Eighty-one percent of employees in the highest income bracket indicated they had financial stress. What is a surprise are those that say they have no financial stress actually have major flaws in their financial plans: not saving enough for retirement, having inadequate estate plans, and improperly allocating investments. Employees' overconfidence in their financial security showed they were in a state of complacency based on false perceptions that could put them at risk of major financial problems and significant financial stress down the road.
For advisors, this means virtually every client has or will have financial stress while working with them, thus
making them ticking time bombs set to go off the next time anything goes wrong in the market. The only way advisors can truly combat the risk of losing clients to emotional impulse is to help them avoid financial stress and react to market volatility rationally. Here's how:
Keep Clients Under the Right Amount of Stress.
Some stress is definitely a good thing. It can keep us away from becoming too complacent, and move us toward reaching our goals. This kind of stress, called eustress, is every advisor's motivational tool. Here's a strategy you can use to help your clients become proactive through the right kind of financial stress:
Step 1: Upfront at your first few meetings, identify their financial vulnerabilities and the consequences these vulnerabilities can have on their portfolio.
In our business as educators, we've found even using the word "vulnerability" gets people's attention and motivates them to take a deeper look. Our research shows most people end up taking steps to address their vulnerabilities.
Step 2: Send them e-mail reminders to follow through on key financial decisions such as setting up a will or trust, buying insurance, automatically transferring money into their IRAs or other investment accounts.
The number one request we receive from the employees we work with is to "remind" them to take actions we've outlined in their personalized financial wellness plans. We only do this with their permission, but it has been a powerful motivational tool. Most people want to be held accountable with their finances in order to make the right decisions on an ongoing basis, and reminders are an easy way to do this. Virtually every client relationship management system allows you the ability to set up automated reminder e-mails to clients based on their situation.
Step 3: Provide ongoing information on the fundamentals of financial planning to help them maintain perspective when the market does drop or things don't go as planned.
By consistently reminding them of the long-term financial planning fundamentals that have stood the test of time, you can reduce both their tendency to procrastinate doing the right things and their propensity to panic when their portfolio drops or they encounter an unexpected financial emergency.
Automate Everything You Can
Automating your clients' finances pays off in the long run for both the advisor and the client. By getting your
clients to automate investments, and even bill payments, you set them up for success and reduce the chance they will face detrimental financial stress. You also create a situation where they dollar cost average into the market, which helps to smooth out volatility and reduce the tendency to panic, and you end up with wealthier, more satisfied clients who generate more income for themselves and for you.
Here's a list of what you should consider automating for clients:
- Bills – Make the more minor everyday decisions as easy as possible for them so they can focus on longer-term goals.
- Debt payments – Since debt is the number one cause of stress, setting this up automatically will help reduce their financial stress.
- 401k contributions – When clients are contributing to their employers' plan every month, they are automatically dollar cost averaging.
- Emergency fund
- IRA contributions
- College fund 529 account
- Other investment account outside of retirement plan
- Auto-rebalance of their investments – This will create less work for you and helps clients keep on track.
When clients are in a state of eustress (as opposed to the unhealthy extremes of complacency or distress) they have the urgency needed to stay focused on meeting their long-term financial planning needs, but aren't prone to making impulsive short-term decisions. No advisor can be expected to fully rid their clients of stress, but they can definitely help them manage it. Taking proactive steps to do this will benefit you and your clients tremendously.
Below are three articles written originally for our Forbes.com blog that you can use as sources for helping clients with investing decisions:


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Heather Wilson's living room is no longer just ugly.
Instead, it has earned the dubious honor of being the ugliest room in Shelbyville.
Wilson is ecstatic.
For those who are not in the loop, Wilson is not ecstatic because she doesn't have to come up with ugly room jokes for the comedy circuit.
No, she is happy because being the proud owner of the ugliest room in town entitles her to a makeover.
Wilson was the top vote-getter in the Ugly Room Contest sponsored by the Shelbyville Merchants Association for Retail Trade (SMART).
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Resolutions and Decisions

Resolutions and Decisions

Resolutions and decisions may not be published until weeks after their adoption. Prior to official publication, information regarding these resolutions can be found in draft resolutions and decisions, meeting records and press releases. The [http://research.un.org/en/docs/resolutions United Nations Documentation: Research Guide]
Resolutions and decisions may not be published until weeks after their adoption. Prior to official publication, information regarding these resolutions can be found in draft resolutions and decisions, meeting records and press releases. The [http://research.un.org/en/docs/resolutions United Nations Documentation: Research Guide] page of .
[http://www.un.org/Docs/journal/En/lateste.pdf Journal of the United Nations]

[http://www.un.org/Docs/journal/En/lateste.pdf Journal of the United Nations]

Revision as of 10:10, 7 April 2016
United Nations Research Guide
Last Updated April 2016
- 1 Introduction
- 2 About the United Nations
- 3 The United Nations Publishing System
- 4 Deciphering UN Document Symbols
- 5 General Research Strategies and Sources
- 6 Comprehensive Research Strategies and Sources
- 7 Research Strategies for Very Recent UN Activities
- 8 Voting Records
- 9 Finding the Documents
- 10 Additional Resources
- 11 Notes
Since United Nations research can be challenging, a solid knowledge of how the United Nations works and how its documents are published is helpful. Unfortunately, no single ultimate source exists. Instead, one has to consider a variety of sources and determine which is most appropriate on a question-by-question basis. One must carefully balance the use of official UN sources with commercial sources. Furthermore, print, online, and microform sources must often be used together.
This guide approaches research strategy in the order one might tackle a research question. First, one needs to know some basics about the United Nations and the United Nations documentation system. Next, one looks for relevant documents and identifies the appropriate document numbers. This can be done at a general level, looking for a few good sources on a subject, or at a comprehensive level, looking at all United Nations activities. Finally, one must use the document number to find the full text of the document.
For additional assistance finding United Nations documents at Columbia's Diamond Law Library, please do not hesitate to contact the reference librarians at the Reference Desk. For directions and reference hours, see http://www.law.columbia.edu/library/about.
About the United Nations
Background information about the UN is essential because the documentation systems and research strategies vary based on how the publishing body functions within the UN.
Main Organs
The United Nations functions in 6 main organs or bodies. The first five are the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council and the Secretariat. They are all located in New York City. The sixth main body is the International Court of Justice, which is located in The Hague and has a separate documentation system from the first five.
The 6 main bodies of the UN are:
- The General Assembly functions as a parliament. All UN members participate.
- The Security Council deals with security issues. There are 5 permanent members and 10 rotating members. The permanent members are Russia, the United States, China, France and the United Kingdom.
- The Economic and Social Council handles economic and social issues. There are 54 members.
- The Trusteeship Council is currently inactive. Formerly, it oversaw trusteeship territories.
- The Secretariat deals with the administrative workings of the UN and includes the office of the Secretary General.
- The International Court of Justice (also known as the World Court) sits in The Hague in the Netherlands. Its documentation system is distinct from that of the first five main organs. The documentation of the International Court of Justice is not covered in this guide.
Each main organ of the UN publishes its own documents and publication methods can vary. Furthermore, there are many subsidiary organizations within the UN, which publish their own documents. Subsidiary organizations are located throughout the world, many in Geneva.
Founding Documents
The founding documents of the United Nations include the UN Charter (1945), The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), and the Statute of the International Court of Justice. Beyond that, the United Nations has participated in and facilitated numerous treaties and conventions. Treaty research is not covered in this guide. Go to the library's Guide to Treaty Research.
Understanding the UN Charter is particularly important for research because some research databases are divided into two categories: Charter-based and Treaty-based. For example, one would use a Charter-based database to search for documents from a subsidiary organization that was founded in the UN Charter, such as the UN Commission on Human Rights. However, one would use a Treaty-based database to search for documents from a subsidiary organization that was founded by a treaty. For example, the Human Rights Committee was created by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs
The Repertory is a legal publication containing analytical studies of the decisions of the principal organs of the United Nations under each of the Articles of the Charter of the United Nations.
Additional Sources about the United Nations
United Nations Home Page
This is one of the best sources for up-to-date information about the UN. The following links within the site are particularly useful:
- About the United Nations for member lists, founding documents, history, and a description of the main bodies.
- Uphold International Law for links to UN legal bodies and resources.
- UN News Center to find out about the latest developments at the UN. The Press Release database can provide a wealth of information. Note: Press Releases are available beginning October 13, 1995.
- UN Documentation Centre for links to information about United Nations Documents and the full text of many recent United Nations documents.
- United Nations System Chart (organization chart) to find out how the many UN groups fit together.
Law and Practice of the United Nations.
4th Floor, KZ 4986 .C54 2008
Sections on "Relevance", "Capacity", "Practice" and "Accountability"
The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations.
3rd Floor Reserve, JZ 4970 .093 2007
A comprehensive analysis of the UN.
Historical Dictionary of the United Nations.
3rd Floor Reserve, JZ 4984.5 .B395 2007
Includes a helpful chronology of the UN and timelines.
Encyclopedia of the United Nations.
2nd Floor OVERSZ, JX 1977 M784 2002
Most recent encyclopedia of the United Nations.
The Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Relations.
2nd Floor, JX 1977 Os5 1990
This is a good place to start for basic information about the UN. For example, it includes a good explanation of the Special Rapporteur system.
The United Nations System and Its Predecessors.
Reference, JX 1977 Sy87 1997
This book describes how the organizations within the United Nations work.
The United Nations Handbook.
Reference, JX 1171 N481
This source provides a good overview of the mandates of the different committees, commissions, etc.
Basic Facts about the United Nations.
2nd Floor, JX 1976.A49 I B29
This is a good handbook on UN activities.
The United Nations Publishing System
The United Nations has a complex and sophisticated method of publishing materials. There are different types of publications, and each type is published according to its own system. It is important to understand the different types of publications, so that one can determine which documentation system applies.
The most basic type of UN publication is a UN Document. Not all items published by the UN are considered UN Documents. "A document is a text submitted to a principal organ or a subsidiary organ of the United Nations for consideration by it, usually in connection with item(s) on its agenda." Source: ST/AI/189/Add.3/Rev.2, para. 2. UN Documents are governed by the sophisticated numbering system described in the next section of this guide.
There are also UN Publications that are not considered UN Documents. UN Publications is a broader category. "The term 'United Nations publication' refers to any written material which is issued by or for the United Nations to the general public, normally under the authorization of the Publications Board."Source: ST/AI/189/Add.3/Rev.2, para. 4. For example, sales publications and press releases are UN publications, but not UN Documents.
The distinction between UN Documents and UN Publications is important because they follow different documentation systems. Also, depository libraries provide access to UN Documents, but they usually do not have a complete collection of other UN publications. The United Nations facilitates the distribution of UN Documents by using a system of depository libraries. Depository libraries are given UN Documents in exchange for making them available to the public. The Diamond Law Library is a depository library.
UN Documents
The UN Document Symbols System governs all UN Documents. Within the category of UN Documents, research strategy requires that one consider UN Documents in two distinct categories: 1) Official Records and 2) Parliamentary Documents. The distinction is important for two reasons. First, when a document is in the Official Record, the Blue Book[1] requires citation to the Official Record.[2] Second, the Official Record is almost always available in paper, whereas other documents may not be. See "Finding Documents" below, for further information.
Official Records
Official Records are the major, final records of the General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, and the Trusteeship Council. They are commonly referred to by their abbreviations: GAOR, SCOR, ESCOR and TCOR respectively. One can look at these records as a year-end report of each organ, reproducing the major documents of the year. Official Records are always identified explicitly with "Official Record" on the title page.
Each organ's Official Record is somewhat different. In general, the Official Records are made up of three main types of documents: meeting records, resolutions and decisions, and reports of all major committees. As they are UN Documents, they are governed by the UN Documents Symbol System.
Resolutions and decisions are important and heavily used documents. The main organs use the term resolutions for their long, substantive statements. Decisions are less substantive involving only a few lines, and are often about appointments, deferrals, etc. Resolutions and decisions of the main organs are published in supplements to the Official Record. Resolutions and decisions are in the last supplement of the General Assembly's Official Record and the first of the Economic and Social Council's Official Record. Note that the subsidiary organizations often use these terms in the reverse, and their more substantive statements are called "decisions."
The Official Record also includes reports of all major committees to the main organs. Some subsidiary organs report to the Economic and Social Council, while some report to the General Assembly. These reports are published as supplements to the Official Record. The supplement numbers have been inconsistent historically, although recently some have become more consistent. For example, the report of the International Law Commission is now always Supplement No. 10 of the Official Record of the General Assembly. UNIQUE (described below) is the best source for a list of these reports.
Parliamentary Documents
Parliamentary Documents consist of a variety of documents of the UN. These documents go by several different names, and are sometimes referred to as working documents, mimeodocuments, sessional documents, or masthead documents. They can be thought of as documents "other" than the Official Record. Of this huge system of parliamentary documentation, a small fraction is then compiled in the Official Record. Because parliamentary documents are official UN Documents, the UN Document Symbols System governs them.
The Relationship of the Official Record and Parliamentary Documents
The Official Record is a compilation of some of the documents of the main organs. Thus, documents can appear in both places: as a UN parliamentary document and later as a part of the Official Record. Therefore, there will be two versions and two document numbers. For example, a report of the Commission on Human Rights to the Economic and Social Council will have one document number reflecting its number in the Commission on Human Rights documents (ex: E/CN.4/1982/30) and a second number reflecting its appearance in the Official Record of the Economic and Social Council (ex: E/1982/12).
In legal research, this distinction is particularly important. The Blue Book requires that documents in the Official Record should be cited to the Official Record. The document symbol is not enough for proper citation. For example, a correct Blue Book citation to a report would be: "Commission on Human Rights, Report on the Thirty-Eighth Session, U.N. ESCOR, 38th Sess., Supp. No. 2, UN Doc. E/1982/12 (1982)."
Note that the Blue Book calls for citation information to include the supplement number, which is on the front page of the Official Record document, but is not reflected in the parliamentary document number. Also, the Blue Book does not call for a parallel citation to the parliamentary document E/CN.4/1982/30. Thus a copy of the E/CN.4/1982/30 document may be insufficient, and the Official Record version required for citation purposes--both because this is the preferred source of the Blue Book and in order to get the supplement number.
Sales Publications
Not considered UN Documents, sales publications are publications of general interest that the United Nations offers for sale. Sales publications include many monographs about the United Nations. For example, the Yearbook of the United Nations is a sales publication. Sales numbers, based on a system distinct from the UN Document Symbols System, identify them.
A complete list of sales publications can be found at the United Nations Publicationswebsite. Sales publications are not part of the depository system. However, the Diamond Law Library receives some sales publications. These can be found by using the catalog, Pegasus. Other sales publications can be ordered through Inter-Library Loan.
Press Releases
Press releases are not considered UN Documents. Their use is considered only informational. However press releases are important research tools because they are produced in advance of the UN Documents.
United Nations News Centre is the best place to find UN press releases. Press releases have their own documentation symbol system. The United Nations Documentation: Research Guide provides more information on researching press releases.
Press releases before October 13, 1995 are difficult to find. In rare cases, older press releases may be found on the websites of various organizations. Use Internet search engines to look for them. Alternatively, news articles or journal articles may provide citations for web site addresses or paper reproductions.
Deciphering UN Document Symbols
Understanding the document symbols makes UN research much easier. In fact, it is sometimes essential. The UN Office of Documents Control assigns each official UN document a unique number. Although very informative, the Document Symbols System can be confusing and is not intuitive.
For example, the document symbol E/CN.4/Sub.2/AC.2/1987/WP.4/Add.1 signifies: the Economic and Social Council, Commission on Human Rights, Subcommission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, Working Group on Contemporary Slavery, year: 1987, working paper no. 4, addendum no. 1.
Organs and Subsidiary Bodies
Documents are divided by organ. It is important to understand the functions of the main organs, because many research sources are divided by organ, and are not cross-searchable. Document symbols are as follows:
A/- for General Assembly;
S/- for the Security Council;
E/- for the Economic and Social Council; and
ST/- for the Secretariat.
Certain subsidiary organizations have their own document symbols. For example CRC/C stands for the Committee on the Rights of the Child. Only some of the documents with such symbols are official UN Documents. Some subsidiary organizations' documents may be internal documents only. Although the subsidiary organizations can still assign document numbers to these documents, they are not considered UN Documents and are not part of the depository system. These documents may be available through the subsidiary organizations, but are sometimes not available at all.
Additional Symbol Components
The document symbols are informative beyond the organization designation. Following are a few examples. A more complete description can be found in the United Nations Documentation: Research Guide.
It is important to distinguish between committees and commissions. -/CN stands for a Commission and -/C stands for Committee. There can be a committee and a commission on the same subject. For example, there is a UN Human Rights Committee (document symbol CCPR/C/)[3] and a UN Commission for Human Rights (document symbol E/CN.4/).
Meeting records are important and are a good source for speeches. Meeting records are generally designated with two symbols, -/PV and -/SR. -/PV stands for verbatim records of meetings in the first person (i.e., proces-verbaux), and they are generally only issued for the main organ meetings. -/SR stands for summary records of meetings (abbreviated meeting records in the third person). Providing summary records is the more common (and less expensive) way of reporting meeting events.
Some documents, like those with the symbols -/L and -/R, are not meant for the public. -/L stands for limited distribution (generally draft documents). These documents are not part of the depository. They may appear on theOfficial Document System(ODS) since 1992 (for more information on the ODS, see below). -/R stands for restricted distribution, which means restricted access. These documents can sometimes be viewed at the UN, but not copied.
Changes in documents are indicated by -/Add, signifying an addendum or addition. On the other hand, -/Rev. signifies a revision, completely replacing texts previously issued.
Dates and session numbers are important ways of identifying documents. For the main organs, the first session of the United Nations was in 1945. To determine session numbers, subtract 45 from the year in question. For example, for the year 2000, subtract 45, to find that in the year 2000 the UN is in its 55th session. Note that sessions begin in September. Unfortunately, subsidiary bodies function differently. Their sessions can be numbered according to when they meet, not the session of the United Nations. Thus a subsidiary organization in 2000 could be in its 30th session, or even in its 60th session (if it meets more than once a year).
Note that some document symbols include the year of the document or the session numbers, but others do not. This is due to the different reporting procedures of the different organs and subsidiary bodies. For example, the Economic and Social Council uses the year in their document numbers (ex: E/2000/106), while the General Assembly uses the session in their document numbers (ex: A/RES/53/202). It is also due to historical changes in each body's reporting system. For example, the General Assembly began by numbering their documents sequentially, without regard to year. Only in 1976 did they start to number the sequence fresh each session and include the session number in the document number. The Economic and Social Council made a similar change in 1978, and the Security Council followed suit in 1994. Subsidiary organizations work in their own ways.
Document dates can also be confusing. A document might have several different dates. For instance, the date under the symbol on the document itself is the date of registration of the document. This is the date most commonly used when identifying the document. The date at the bottom of the document, usually near the barcode, is the date the document finished processing. Third, the documents have an issuance date, which can be found by looking at the daily list of documents. Fortunately, exact dates are not required for Blue Book citation.
Additional Sources about Document Symbols
United Nations Documentation Research Guide: Document Symbols
This excellent source explains the symbols system in more detail.
United Nations document series symbols, 1946-1996,
3rd Floor Reference, JZ4936 .U55 1998
This provides a complete (though out of date) list of the document symbols.
United Nations Documents Index System
2nd floor. Int'l Law Finding Aids. JX 1976 .A95 D9
2nd floor. Int'l Law Finding Aids. JX 1976 .A95 D92
This print index of UN documents is published four times a year, and is more up-to-date than series symbols. It can be a helpful aid for deciphering document symbols since 1996.
General Research Strategies and Sources
Sometimes, researchers only seek general information, and are not concerned with learning everything about a subject. For example, one might want to know what the UN's role has been in Rwanda lately. In other cases, researchers may be new to UN research and want to start their research gradually. In either case, starting out with complex indexes can be counter-productive. The search strategies, the lists of documents, and the symbol system can be overwhelming.
For general research, using one of the following text-based sources is a more user-friendly approach. They often provide more than enough information to satisfy requests. Alternatively, they are great starting points. Note that in most cases humans, not computers, compile these sources. The benefit of this is that the sources are user-friendly. The disadvantage is that publication is quite slow. These strategies may not be appropriate for current research.
Everyone's United Nations
2nd Floor, JX1976.A21 Ev271
This provides a good summary of major events in UN history. This publication comes in three, chronological volumes. This is a great place to start when trying to determine when the United Nations dealt with an issue. It is an ideal introduction to the next source, The Yearbook of the United Nations.
The Yearbook of the United Nations
4th Floor, JZ4947 .Y43
Free online from the United Nations. This excellent source describes the workings of the UN in essay format, and includes helpful references to selected UN Documents. The table of contents and index make this a very valuable research tool. References to "YUN" are references to the Yearbook itself. This source is usually several years behind and it does not list all UN Documents. Note, check both print and online to see which format has the most recent issue.
For the Record: The United Nations Human Rights System
Cellar, JX1 F7442
Published from 1997 to 2003, this was a great source for human rights information. Each country's involvement in the UN human rights area is described. Citations and often links to specific documents are also included. The website is currently under construction.
United Nations Website
The UN home page can be a great place to start research. There are several subject links from the main page: International Law, Peace and Security, Economic and Social Development, Human Rights, and Humanitarian affairs. These pages provide useful links to information and other bodies specializing in the subject areas.
Comprehensive Research Strategies and Sources
When researchers need to search all UN activities in a particular area, it is time to turn to comprehensive research tools. For instance, one might need to find all the reports of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women. Alternatively, one might need a specific document, such as a recent letter regarding Bulgaria's view of landmines.
Unfortunately, no one source covers every aspect of the United Nations in a user-friendly way. Instead, one must pick the best resource depending on the subject and time frame of the research. This requires a balance between paperand online resources, and more importantly between official UN sources and commercial publications. It is not unusual to have to consult several of these sources to find the information needed. The trick is to evaluate the research requirements in order to start with the most likely sources first.
Commercial Online Source
Readex/Access UN
Dates covered: 1946 - current
This is a good commercial database that indexes ALL official UN Documents. Note that the online version has replaced the earlier CDROM product. This is the easiest comprehensive source, and often is the best starting point for comprehensive UN research. However it is an unofficial source and generally does not include full text. Note that this system works in conjunction with the microfiche set. It is best to check this database to be sure the document exists in the set and that the number and date are accurate, before proceeding to the microfiche. Be sure to note the Readex/AccessUN year of the document (which may be different than the document date), as microfiche is filed by Readex/AccessUN year.
UN Online Sources
The United Nations provides several excellent databases for UN research. However, none of these databases are comprehensive.
UN Official Document System (ODS)
Dates covered: 1993 - current
This is the official repository of UN documents and includes full-text images (.pdfs) of UN documents. The ODS covers all types of official UN documentation, beginning in 1993. Some older documents are added to the system on a daily basis. It includes resolutions from 1946 onwards. Note that resolutions before 1993 are in a separate database that must be accessed from the Advanced Search screen. The system does not contain press releases, UN sales publications or UN treaties. Since January, 2005, this database is free to the public. The system allows for both simple and advanced searching. If you are unable to find your document with this system, try searching for the document in the AccessUN index (which goes back further than the ODS) or UNBISNET (the UN catalog). Then, use the UN document number to search in the ODS.
Dates covered: 1946 - current
This is an excellent reference file created by the UN Dag Hammarskjöld Library. It indexes many UN Documents from 1946 forward. Generally, there is no full text and it does not include all UN Documents. UNIQUE focuses on documents of a recurrent nature: annual reports, session reports, committee reports, special rapporteur reports, etc. Librarians compile some of the document lists, for example, a list of all CEDAW reports. This is the best starting point when looking for documents of a recurrent nature.
Dates covered: 1979 - current
This is a catalog of UN publications and documentation indexed by the Dag Hammarskjöd Library and the UN Library in Geneva, as well as non-UN publications held at the Dag Hammarskjöd Library. This is a good source when Access UN (described above) fails to locate requested material. Because it includes the catalog of all publications in the UN library, it is also useful for finding unofficial sources relating to the UN and is also a good source for voting records.
United Nations Documentation: Research Guide
This is an excellent guide to doing UN Research. In particular the special topics: Human Rights, International Law and Peacekeeping Operations are very useful when trying to track down UN Documents. This guide is helpful in deciphering the difference between Charter-based bodies and Treaty-based bodies. The librarians at the Dag Hammarskjöd library write this high-quality resource. However, it does not address the good commercial products, like Readex/Access UN.
Paper Indexes
Paper research is time-consuming, and generally the online sources are easier to use. However, for older materials, for questionable document numbers, and for a better understanding of the UN's publishing methods, the paper indexes can be a good choice.
United Nations Documents Index System
2nd Floor. Int'l Law Finding Aids. JX 1976 .A95 D9
2nd Floor. Int'l Law Finding Aids. JX 1976 .A95 D92
Dates covered: 1974 - current
For comprehensive research, the UN provides paper indexes to their documents.This system includes several paper tools, UNDOC (1984-current), UNDEX (1977-1978), UN Document Series Symbols (1978-1984), and UNDEX "C" (cumulative 1974-1977). All are located in the Finding Aids section of the library on the second floor. Publication of the paper indexes has changed over time. Currently, indexes are issued four times a year, and include two parts: a subject index and a document index. The document index organizes documents by number. Reading this index is a great way to understand how the document symbols work. This is also the best place to find document numbers that are incorrect or incomplete (as opposed to online).
Indexes to the Proceedings of the Main Organs
Index to proceedings of the General Assembly
2nd Floor Int'l Law Finding Aids, JX1976.A23 In24
Index to proceedings of the Security Council
2nd Floor Int'l Law Finding Aids, JX1976.A22 In24
Index to proceedings of the Economic and Social Council
2nd Floor Int'l Law Finding Aids, JX1976.A25 In24
These indexes are a great way to find document numbers. They provide an annual/sessional, comprehensive index of documents issued by the organ. They include a subject index to all documents issued by the organ that year/session and an index to speeches delivered. They also include a voting chart. This is a great way to do research if one knows what organ issued a document.
Research Strategies for Very Recent UN Activities
Researchers often need to know about UN activities before the results are officially published in document form. It can take several weeks before UN Documents are published. Until then, news sources, press releases, draft documents and meeting documents are good sources of information on current developments.
United Nations News Centre
The UN News Center is a useful site for keeping up with the latest developments at the United Nations. Many of the subsidiary organizations within the UN System have their own news sites too. These can be found using the Official Web Locator for the United Nations System.
UN Meetings Coverage and Press Releases
Press releases and other news resources often contain information about, and sometimes full-text reports of, recent UN developments. The news database is the best place to find UN press releases and other news resources. Press releases are available beginning October 13, 1995. Press releases have their own documentation symbol system. The UN Documentation: Research Guide provides more information on researching press releases.
Resolutions and Decisions
Resolutions and decisions may not be published until weeks after their adoption. Prior to official publication, information regarding these resolutions can be found in draft resolutions and decisions, meeting records and press releases. The United Nations Documentation: Research Guide Resolutions page explains the publication of resolutions.
Journal of the United Nations
The Journal of the United Nations is useful for determining what is currently happening at the United Nations. It includes information about meetings of United Nations bodies, the symbols of major documents to be considered at the meetings (before official release), and summaries of actions taken at the previous day's meetings.
Voting Records
The two easiest ways to find voting information are using UNBISNET and the Indexes to the Proceedings. For additional information on finding voting records, see the United Nations Documentation: Research Guide. Information on voting records is included in the sections on the General Assembly and the Security Council.
Voting records for all adopted resolutions from the General Assembly (from 1983, 38th session forward) and the Security Council (from 1946, first year forward) are available in UNBISNET.
Indexes to the Proceedings of the Main Organs
Index to proceedings of the General Assembly
2nd Floor Int'l Law Finding Aids, JX1976.A23 In24
Index to proceedings of the Security Council 2nd Floor Int'l Law Finding Aids, JX1976.A22 In24
Index to proceedings of the Economic and Social Council 2nd Floor Int'l Law Finding Aids, JX1976.A25 In24
The indexes for each organ includes a voting chart.
Finding the Documents
Once one has a document number, such as E/CN.4/RES/1982/29, the next step is to find the document itself. It is important to note that not all United Nations publications are made public. However most UN Documents are available to the public.
Documents can be found in several formats: the ODS, online, in paper or in microfiche. No one source is complete. Many types of documents (such as Resolutions) can be found in each of these sources. When selecting a resource to use, one must consider the document type and date, the obscurity of the document, how quickly one needs it, and whether one needs an official version. Generally, more recent documents can be found in the ODS or online. For older documents, paper and microfiche might be the only option.
The United Nations Depository System
The United Nations facilitates the distribution of UN documents by using a system of Depository Libraries. Various libraries are given UN documents in exchange for making them available to the public. The Diamond Law Library is a depository library and receives all items that are part of the depository system. However, depository libraries do not receive all United Nations publications. Some documents are not made available to the public, and therefore cannot be found at the Diamond Law Library. Depository libraries receive "generally distributed documents and publications of the United Nations."
Some examples of documents that depositories do not receive include the following: limited and restricted documents, or documents "for participants only"; the documents of related UN organizations such as the UNICEF, UNIFEM, UNEP and the ICJ; the documents of specialized agencies such as the IMF, WHO, WIPO and the WTO, which have their own documentation systems; preliminary documents eventually produced elsewhere, such as verbatim records of plenary meetings of the Security Council, which will appear in printed final form as part of the Official Records); sales publications; press releases; and ephemeral material issued during sessions of UN bodies, such as working papers, conference room papers, journals, orders of the day.10
Note that in addition to the Depository System, the Diamond Law Library purchases additional publications, including UN Treaties, UN Sales Publications and commercial publications, to supplement its UN collection. Also, the Internet provides even greater access to UN publications.
Documents on the UN Official Document System (ODS) on the Internet
UN Official Document System (ODS)
Dates covered: 1993 - current
This is the official repository of UN documents and includes full-text images (.pdfs) of UN documents. The ODS covers all types of official UN documentation, beginning in 1993. Some older documents are added to the system on a daily basis. It includes resolutions from 1946 onwards. Note that resolutions before 1993 are in a separate database that must be accessed from the Advanced Search screen. The system does not contain press releases, UN sales publications or UN treaties. Since January, 2005, this database is free to the public. The system allows for both simple and advanced searching. See the UN Library's training guide, Introduction to the ODS. If you are unable to find your document with this system, try searching for the document in the AccessUN index (which goes back further than the ODS) or UNBISNET (the UN catalog). Then, use the UN document number to search in the ODS.
Other Documents on the Web
The Internet is sometimes the fastest way to get full-text UN Documents. However, it is notalways considered anofficial source. Also, it generally includes only more recent documents. The main UN home page is a good source for these documents, and subject-specific web pages can be even better sources.
United Nations Documentation Centre
This page can be reached from the UN home page, by clicking on the section called "Documentation and Maps". From this page, one must choose the organ which issued the document. Each organ has different document coverage online. In general, coverage of full-text resolutions is quite good, but coverage of other documents is more limited.
Dates covered: 1979 - current
This is a catalog of UN publications and documentation indexed by the Dag Hammarskjöd Library and the UN Library in Geneva, as well as non-UN publications held at the Dag Hammarskjöd Library. Includes links to the full text of a rapidly growing number of documents in the six official languages. See the UN Library's training guide Introduction to UNBISnet.
The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
The High Commissioner for Human Rights site is the best place to look for UN human rights related documents. It includes selected human rights documents in full-text. One must choose between using the Charter-based database (which contains the documents of bodies created by the UN Charter such as the Commission on Human Rights), or the Treaty-based database (which contains the documents of bodies created by UN treaties, such as the Human Rights Committee, created by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights). These databases are very sophisticated and documents can be viewed in many different arrangements, including by date, by document number, by country and by treaty. There is a concept-based search engine that searches all UNHCHR web documents, but it is not very sophisticated.
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
A great site for refugee documentation, including the very helpful REFWORLD database. REFWORLD includes the text of relevant refugee legislation and case law from around the world.
The United Nations' Women Watch
A good site for UN documents regarding women.
Official Web Site Locator for the United Nations System
This is useful for finding other subsidiary and related UN bodies that might have better UN documentation than the main UN home page.
Non-UN Sites
Many non-UN sites also reproduce documents, sometimes faster and more comprehensively than the UN sites. For instance the University of Minnesota is an excellent source for UN human rights documents. Also, the general web search sites, such as Google, Altavistaor Hotbot can be used to find documents. General search engines can be particularly useful for finding obscure documents, such as restricted or limited documents, or internal documents of various committees.
Documents in Microform
The Diamond Law Library subscribes to the Readex/Access UN microform system. Although many people do not like to use microform, it is the most complete collection of UN documents that the Diamond Law Library owns. For older documents (documents not yet published in the ODS) it is an excellent source. It includes all official UN Documents and is located in closed stacks.
Requests for microform documents can be made via Pegasus. The microform will be paged, generally within 24 hours. Please see the reference librarians if you need assistance. Before requesting documents from the microform set, be sure to check the document on Readex/AccessUN in order to determine that the document is in the collection. Also, be sure to note the Readex year in the record. The Readex year is the year that the company assigns to the document, and it might be different than the date of the document. Confirming the Readex year is essential, since the microfiche is organized by Readex year, not by the date on the document. Include the entire document number in your request.
Documents in Paper
As a depository library, the Diamond Law Library receives all UN Documents in paper. Publication in paper is often slower than publication on the Internet or in the ODS. The library keeps and binds all the Official Records of the main organs. Therefore the paper approach is usually best for official versions of the documents in the Official Record (meeting records, resolutions and decisions, and committee reports).
Official Records of the General Assembly (GAOR)
2nd Floor, JX1976.A23 Of23
Official Records of the Security Council (SCOR)
2nd Floor, JX1976 .A22 Of23
Official Records of the Economic and Social Council (ESCOR)
2nd Floor, Of23
Official Records of the Trusteeship Council (TCOR)
2nd Floor, JX1976.A29 Of23
Documents Beyond the Diamond Law Library
Sometimes documents cannot be found at the Diamond Law Library. Reference librarians can assist in determining whether documents are available in the law library.
Often, documents of subsidiary bodies are internal documents, not official UN Documents, and thus not available at the Diamond Law Library. In this case, it is sometimes possible to contact the subsidiary organization directly to inquire about documents. Contact information for these organizations is available through the Official Web Site Locator for the United Nations System or using the handbooks and directories described in the "About the UN" section of this guide.
10 See the following guidelines from 1995 for more details: "Principles Governing United Nations Depository Libraries" and "Instructions for Depository Libraries Receiving United Nations Materials", both available at the UN Depository Libraries website.
Additional Resources
For further assistance, please contact the reference librarians at the Diamond Law Library Reference Desk. For directions and reference hours, see About the Library.
Additionally, the following research guides are excellent resources:
United Nations Documentation: Research Guide.
Georgetown University Law Center's United Nations Research Guide.
NYU's Guide: [1].
The American Society of International Law's: Guide to Electronic Resources for International Law: United Nations.
The United Nations Scholars' Workstation at Yale's: Research Approaches to UN Information.
Tashbook, Linda. Researching the United Nations: Finding the Organization's Internal Resource Trails.
- ↑ The Bluebook : A Uniform System of Citation. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Law Review Association, c1991-.KF245 .U52. Locations: multiple. See Rule 21.7.
- ↑ See Rule 21.7.3.
- ↑ Here, CCPR stands for the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the treaty that created the Human Rights Committee.
Please send comments regarding this guide to Silke Sahl, International, Foreign and Comparative Law Librarian, Columbia University, Diamond Law Library at email@example.com.


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When life
Gives you lemons
Editor's note: Do you need something to smile about? Every day, WND selects the best joke offered up by readers and contributors to its Laughlines forum and brings it to you as the WND Joke of the Day. Here is today's offering:
Three surgeons are discussing who makes the best patient to operate on.
The first surgeon says, "Electricians are the best. Everything inside is color coded."
The second surgeon says, "No, I think librarians are. Everything inside is in alphabetical order."
Upon hearing his colleagues' statements, the third surgeon declared, "You're both wrong. Politicians are the easiest to operate on. There are no guts, no heart, no gonads, no brains and no spine. Plus, the head and the derriere are interchangeable."
Got a great joke you want to share with the world? Write it up in the WND Laughlines forum. Who knows? It might be selected as the WND Joke of the Day – and your wildest dreams will come true.


text:
hiliary is a WARMONGER...
Quote from: B on November 03, 2007, 10:45:30 AMhiliary is a WARMONGER...lie repeated still lie.
yeah, yeah...that's one way she lies.
why "julie" so stoopid?
you have any idea how big dipshit you?hrc not my first choice among democrats, but she infinitely better than any your warmongering buddies.glad see you remain terrified her. you should be.
Julie,Words spoken like a true scholar, especially the fartface comment. I think that compliments your character perfectly.


text:
Program outline
Tape up and laugh! Laugh and create your own human pyramid, Olympic Games, sporting achievement or street instalment. Time Bound is an incredibly resilient and flexible concept fusing creative physical elements and the imagination.
Using simple materials, just clear duct tape and plastic wrap, creates a life size human form of a designated team member. The teams then come together to join their 'time bound' human statues into a predetermined installation which can take on an infinite number of forms enabling it to match a conference theme or key learning. After creation, the installation can be assembled and photographed in a public space, adding to the fun.
Learning and development outcomes
Time Bound is a fun shared experience which will have delegates smiling and laughing. Its informal nature enables participants to let their creative ideas roam. Teams need to collaborate, communicating effectively with each other in order to achieve a successful final result. Teams can consist of staff from all levels transcending company hierarchy enabling them to relax with each other as they join in the hilarity of this tactile event. Just as the name suggests, Time Bound literally binds people together.


text: Few fans of Manchester City are more fervent than of Noel Gallagher, formerly of Oasis. Unfortunately, he couldn't be in the UK when Man City made its incredible injury-time comeback against Queens Park Rangers to clinch its first Premier League title in 44 years. But a camera crew was there when a bar owner in Santiago, Chile, agreed to let him and his mates inside to watch the match airing at 10 a.m. local time. The result is an absolute champagne supernova of emotions, or something like that.


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Brunei Population: 436,6201 VISITOR FROM HERE!
« Previous Country | Next Country » Back to Flag Counter Overview
|The Sultanate of Brunei's influence peaked between the 15th and 17th centuries when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. The same family has ruled Brunei for over six centuries. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in the world.
Close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave within Malaysia
|Southeastern Asia, along the northern coast of the island of Borneo, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia
|Geographic coordinates:
| total: 5,765 sq km
land: 5,265 sq km
water: 500 sq km
Size comparison: slightly smaller than Delaware
|Land Boundaries:
|total: 266 km border countries (1): Malaysia 266 km
|161 km
|Maritime claims:
| territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm or to median line
|tropical; hot, humid, rainy
|flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west
|Elevation extremes:
|Natural resources:
|petroleum, natural gas, timber
|Land use:
| agricultural land: 2.5% arable land 0.8%; permanent crops 1.1%; permanent pasture 0.6% forest: 71.8%
other: 25.7% (2011 est.)
|Irrigated land:
|10 sq km (2012)
|Natural hazards:
|typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are rare
|Current Environment Issues:
|seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia
|International Environment Agreements:
| party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
|^Back to Top
| noun: Bruneian(s)
adjective: Bruneian
|Ethnic groups:
|Malay 65.7%, Chinese 10.3%, other indigenous 3.4%, other 20.6% (2011 est.)
|Malay (official), English, Chinese dialects
|Muslim (official) 78.8%, Christian 8.7%, Buddhist 7.8%, other (includes indigenous beliefs) 4.7% (2011 est.)
|436,620 (July 2016 est.)
|Age structure:
| 0-14 years: 23.46% (male 52,785/female 49,638)
15-24 years: 17.11% (male 37,103/female 37,603)
25-54 years: 46.8% (male 98,152/female 106,206)
55-64 years: 8.09% (male 18,043/female 17,278)
65 years and over: 4.54% (male 9,635/female 10,177) (2016 est.)
|Dependency ratios:
| total dependency ratio: 38%
youth dependency ratio: 31.9%
elderly dependency ratio: 6.1%
potential support ratio: 16.4% (2015 est.)
|Median age:
| total: 29.9 years
male: 29.5 years
female: 30.3 years (2016 est.)
|Population growth rate:
|1.6% (2016 est.)
|Birth rate:
|17.2 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)
|Death rate:
|3.6 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)
|Net migration rate:
|2.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)
| urban population: 77.2% of total population (2015)
rate of urbanization: -1.79% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
|Major urban areas - population:
|BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN (capital) 241,000 note: the boundaries of the capital city were expanded in 2007, greatly increasing the city area; the population of the capital increased tenfold (2011)
|Sex ratio:
| at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.92 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.95 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2016 est.)
|Maternal mortality rate:
|23 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
|Infant mortality rate:
| total: 9.9 deaths/1,000 live births male: 11.7 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 7.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)
|Life expectancy at birth:
| total population: 77.2 years male: 74.8 years
female: 79.6 years (2016 est.)
|Total fertility rate:
|1.79 children born/woman (2016 est.)
|Health expenditures:
|2.6% of GDP (2014)
|Physicians density:
|1.44 physicians/1,000 population (2012)
|Hospital bed density:
|2.8 beds/1,000 population (2012)
|HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
|18.6% (2014)
|Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
|9.6% (2009)
|Education expenditures:
|3.7% of GDP (2016)
| definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 96%
male: 97.5%
female: 94.5% (2015 est.)
|School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
| total: 15 years male: 15 years
female: 15 years (2014)
|^Back to Top
|Country name:
| conventional long form: Brunei Darussalam
conventional short form: Brunei
local long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam
local short form: Brunei
etymology: derivation of the name is unclear; according to legend, MUHAMMAD SHAH, who would become the first sultan of Brunei, upon discovering what would become Brunei exclaimed "Baru nah," which roughly translates as "there" or "that's it"
|Government type:
|absolute monarchy or sultanate (locally known as Malay Islamic Monarchy)
| name: Bandar Seri Begawan
geographic coordinates: 4 53 N, 114 56 E
time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
|Administrative divisions:
|4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei-Muara, Temburong, Tutong
|1 January 1984 (from the UK)
|National holiday:
|National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection
|drafted 1954 to 1959, signed 29 September 1959; amended 1984, 2004, 2011; note - some constitutional provisions suspended since 1962 under a State of Emergency, others suspended since independence in 1984 (2016)
|Legal system:
|mixed legal system based on English common law and Islamic law; note - in May 2014, the first phase of a sharia-based penal codes was instituted, which applies to Muslims and non-Muslims and exists in parallel to the existing common law-based code
|18 years of age for village elections; universal
|Executive branch:
| chief of state: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both chief of state and head of government
head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch; note - 4 additional advisory councils appointed by the monarch are the Religious Council, Privy Council for constitutional issues, Council of Succession, and Legislative Council elections/appointments: none; the monarchy is hereditary
|Legislative branch:
| description: Legislative Council or Majlis Mesyuarat Negara Brunei (36 seats; members appointed by the sultan including 3 ex-officio members - the speaker and first and second secretaries; meets annually for approximately two weeks)
elections: last held in March 1962 (date of next election NA)
|Judicial branch:
| highest resident court(s): Supreme Court (consists of Court of Appeal and High Court, each with a chief justice and 2 judges); Sharia Court of Appeal (consists of judges appointed by the monarch); note - Brunei has a dual judicial system of secular and sharia (religious) courts; the Judicial Committee of Privy Council in London serves as the final appellate court for civil cases only judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the monarch to serve until age 65, and older if approved by the monarch; Sharia Court of Appeal judges appointed by the monarch; judges appointed for life
subordinate courts: Intermediate Court; Magistrate's Courts; Juvenile Court; small claims courts; lower sharia courts
|Political parties and leaders:
|National Development Party or NDP [YASSIN Affendi] note: Brunei National Solidarity Party or PPKB [Abdul LATIF bin Chuchu] and People's Awareness Party or PAKAR [Awang Haji MAIDIN bin Haji Ahmad] were deregistered in 2007; parties are small and have limited activity
|Political pressure groups and leaders:
|International organization participation:
|ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, C, CP, EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
|National symbol(s):
|royal parasol; national colors: yellow, white, black
|National anthem:
| name: "Allah Peliharakan Sultan" (God Bless His Majesty)
lyrics/music: Pengiran Haji Mohamed YUSUF bin Pengiran Abdul Rahim/Awang Haji BESAR bin Sagap
note: adopted 1951
|Diplomatic representation in the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Serbini ALI (since 28 January 2016)
chancery: 3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 237-1838
FAX: [1] (202) 885-0560 consulate(s): New York
|Diplomatic representation from the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Craig B. ALLEN (since 9 March 2015)
embassy: Simpang 336-52-16-9, Jalan Datu, Bandar Seri Begawan, BC4115
mailing address: Unit 4280, Box 40, FPO AP 96507; P.O. Box 2991, Bandar Seri Begawan BS8675, Negara Brunei Darussalam
telephone: [673] 238-4616
|^Back to Top
Brunei is an energy-rich sultanate on the northern coast of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Brunei boasts a well-educated, largely English-speaking population; excellent infrastructure; and a stable government intent on attracting foreign investment. Crude oil and natural gas production account for approximately 65% of GDP and 95% of exports, with Japan as the primary export market. Per capita GDP is among the highest in the world, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic hydrocarbon production. Bruneian citizens do not pay personal income taxes, and the government provides free medical services and free education through the university level. The Bruneian Government wants to diversify its economy away from hydrocarbon exports to other industries such as information and communications technology and halal manufacturing. Brunei's trade in 2016 is set to increase following its regional economic integration in the ASEAN Economic Community, and the expected ratification of the Trans-Pacific Partnership trade agreement.
|GDP (purchasing power parity):
| GDP (purchasing power parity): $33.73 billion (2016 est.) $33.61 billion (2015 est.) $33.79 billion (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
|GDP (official exchange rate):
|GDP (official exchange rate): $10.46 billion (2015 est.)
|GDP - real growth rate:
|0.4% (2016 est.) -0.6% (2015 est.) -2.3% (2014 est.)
|GDP - per capita (PPP):
| GDP - per capita (PPP): $79,700 (2016 est.) $80,600 (2015 est.) $82,000 (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
|Gross national saving:
|44.2% of GDP (2015 est.) 55.1% of GDP (2014 est.) 60.5% of GDP (2013 est.)
|GDP - composition, by end use:
| household consumption: 21.7%
government consumption: 23.6%
investment in fixed capital: 37.6%
investment in inventories: 0%
exports of goods and services: 50.8%
imports of goods and services: -33.7% (2016 est.)
|GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
| household consumption: 21.7%
government consumption: 23.6%
investment in fixed capital: 37.6%
investment in inventories: 0%
exports of goods and services: 50.8%
imports of goods and services: -33.7% (2016 est.)
|Agriculture - products:
|rice, vegetables, fruits; chickens, water buffalo, cattle, goats, eggs
|petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction, agriculture, transportation
|Industrial production growth rate:
|1% (2016 est.)
|Labor force:
|203,600 (2014 est.)
|Labor force - by occupation:
| agriculture: 4.2%
industry: 62.8%
services: 33% (2008 est.)
|Unemployment rate:
|6.9% (2014 est.) 9.3% (2011 est.)
|Population below poverty line:
|Household income or consumption by percentage share:
| lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
| revenues: $2.958 billion
expenditures: $4.618 billion (2016 est.)
|Taxes and other revenues:
|28.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
|Fiscal year:
|1 April - 31 March
|Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|Inflation rate (consumer prices): -0.2% (2016 est.) -0.4% (2015 est.)
|Current account balance:
|$452 million (2016 est.) $1.556 billion (2015 est.)
|$5.315 billion (2016 est.) $7.235 billion (2015 est.)
|Exports - commodities:
|mineral fuels, organic chemicals
|Exports - partners:
|Japan 35.9%, South Korea 14.8%, Thailand 10.8%, India 9.8%, NZ 5.6%, Australia 5% (2015)
|$3.648 billion (2016 est.) $3.359 billion (2015 est.)
|Imports - commodities:
|machinery and mechanical appliance parts, mineral fuels, motor vehicles, electric machinery
|Imports - partners:
|Singapore 27.9%, China 25.3%, Malaysia 12.4%, UK 10.6%, South Korea 4.9% (2015)
|Debt - external:
|$0 (2014) $0 (2013) note: public external debt only; private external debt unavailable
|Market value of publicly traded shares:
|Exchange rates:
|Bruneian dollars (BND) per US dollar - 1.386 (2016 est.) 1.3749 (2015 est.) 1.3749 (2014 est.) 1.267 (2013 est.) 1.25 (2012 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Electricity - production:
|4.2 billion kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - consumption:
|3.766 billion kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - exports:
|0 kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - imports:
|0 kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - installed generating capacity:
|777,000 kW (2014 est.)
|Electricity - from fossil fuels:
|100% of total installed capacity (2014 est.)
|Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
|0% of total installed capacity (2014 est.)
|Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
|0% of total installed capacity (2014 est.)
|Electricity - from other renewable sources:
|0% of total installed capacity (2014 est.)
|Crude oil - production:
|115,300 bbl/day (2015 est.)
|Crude oil - exports:
|117,600 bbl/day (2014 est.)
|Crude oil - imports:
|0 bbl/day (2014 est.)
|Crude oil - proved reserves:
|1.1 billion bbl (1 January 2016 es)
|Refined petroleum products - production:
|10,910 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - consumption:
|18,000 bbl/day (2014 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - exports:
|189.1 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - imports:
|6,099 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Natural gas - production:
|10.7 billion cu m (2014 est.)
|Natural gas - consumption:
|2.4 billion cu m (2014 est.)
|Natural gas - exports:
|8.3 billion cu m (2014 est.)
|Natural gas - imports:
|0 cu m (2014 est.)
|Natural gas - proved reserves:
|390.8 billion cu m (1 January 2016 es)
|Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
|8.4 million Mt (2013 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Cellular Phones in use:
|total: 463,000 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 108 (July 2015 est.)
|Telephone system:
| general assessment: service throughout the country is good; international service is good to Southeast Asia, Middle East, Western Europe, and the US
domestic: every service available
international: country code - 673; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 optical telecommunications submarine cable that provides links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; the Asia-America Gateway submarine cable network provides new links to Asia and the US; satellite ea (2015)
|Broadcast media:
|state-controlled Radio Television Brunei (RTB) operates 5 channels; 3 Malaysian TV stations are available; foreign TV broadcasts are available via satellite and cable systems; RTB operates 5 radio networks and broadcasts on multiple frequencies; British F (2009)
|Internet country code:
|Internet users:
|total: 306,000 percent of population: 71.2% (July 2015 est.)
|^Back to Top
|1 (2013)
|Airports (paved runways):
| total 1
over 3,047 m: 1 (2013)
|3 (2013)
|condensate 33 km; condensate/gas 86 km; gas 628 km; oil 492 km (2013)
| total 3,029 km
paved: 2,425 km
unpaved: 604 km (2010)
|209 km (navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m; the Belait, Brunei, and Tutong rivers are major transport links) (2012)
|Merchant marine:
| total 9
by type: chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas 8
foreign-owned: 2 (UK 2) (2010)
|Ports and terminals:
|major seaport(s): Muara oil terminal(s): Lumut, Seria LNG terminal (export): Lumut
|^Back to Top
|Military branches:
|Royal Brunei Armed Forces: Royal Brunei Land Forces, Royal Brunei Navy, Royal Brunei Air Force (Tentera Udara Diraja Brunei) (2013)
|Military service age and obligation:
|17 years of age for voluntary military service; non-Malays are ineligible to serve; recruits from the army, navy, and air force all undergo 43-week initial training (2013)
|Military expenditures:
|2.43% of GDP (2012) 2.54% of GDP (2011) 2.43% of GDP (2010)
|^Back to Top
|Transnational Issues
|Disputes - International:
|per Letters of Exchange signed in 2009, Malaysia in 2010 ceded two hydrocarbon concession blocks to Brunei in exchange for Brunei's sultan dropping claims to the Limbang corridor, which divides Brunei; nonetheless, Brunei claims a maritime boundary extending as far as a median with Vietnam, thus asserting an implicit claim to Louisa Reef
|Refugees and internally displaced persons:
stateless persons: 20,524 (2015); note - thousands of stateless persons, often ethnic Chinese, are permanent residents and their families have lived in Brunei for generations; obtaining citizenship is difficult and requires individuals to pass rigorous tests on Malay culture, customs, and language; stateless residents receive an International Certificate of Identity, which enables them to travel overseas; the government is considering changing the law prohibiting non-Bruneians, including stateless permanent residents, from owning land
|Illicit drugs:
|drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty
|^Back to Top
« Previous Country | Next Country » Back to Flag Counter Overview
Source: CIA - The World Factbook