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Amid the clamor at the Capitol last week over the historic House vote on privatizing the state liquor monopoly, a major resolution that could have a sweeping impact on most municipal governments in the state quietly passed the Senate, 30-20.
The measure is to amend the state constitution, restoring the Legislature's ability to define what constitutes a nonprofit entity for the purpose of local and state exemption. Last year the state Supreme Court, ruling on a dispute over a 1997 law, found that the courts, rather than the Legislature, have the authority to define nonprofit eligibility for tax exemptions.
Since then, several formerly tax-exempt institutions across the state have been compelled to pay property taxes, and Pittsburgh's government has launched litigation against the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center to try to diminish its tax-exempt status.
Tax exemptions are a huge issue for all struggling cities in Pennsylvania. Urban centers tend to bear the service burdens for major institutions that serve much broader areas. That tension often has surfaced in Scranton regarding the University of Scranton and nonprofit hospitals.
The primary reason that lawmakers moved the proposed amendment is to restore power to the Legislature. But the measure offers the opportunity to address the underlying problem.
There would be no point in passing an amendment simply to reinstate the 1997 law that was overturned by the Supreme Court. It is crucial that lawmakers address the much broader question of how nonprofit entities affect municipal governments.
Sen. John Blake, a Lackawanna County Democrat, said that he has been assured that majority Republicans are on board to craft a new law regarding tax exemptions rather than to simply reinstate the 1997 law.
Over the last 20 years, many ideas have been introduced in the Legislature to help municipal governments deal with the nonprofit issue, including the provision of state aid to cities where more than 20 percent of property is tax-exempt.
Many nonprofit, tax-exempt entities perform public services that are worth much more than the cost of their tax exemptions - vital work, such as health care, that governments otherwise would have to provide.
The law should honor that but ensure that the enterprises are held to those missions.
Timing is good because the Legislature last week also passed a bill to standardize local property tax assessment.
Those bills should lead to a way to help local governments deal with some of the fundamental inequities that contribute to their struggles.


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Are you looking for a Moving Company in Braunschweig? Finding a reputable furniture moving company that values your belongings as much as you do can be difficult. With the South African Furniture Removals Alliance, finding a reputable Moving Company in Braunschweig just became a whole lot easier! Let us Help!
The furnitureremovals.biz website features valuable information to help you find the best and most affordable Moving Companies in Braunschweig. Allow us take the stress out of finding the best Furniture Removal Quote for you by letting us do all the work. Follow the simple instructions below and we will provide you with furniture removal quotes by professional Moving Companies operating across South Africa.
Complete the Furniture Removal Quote Request form above and we will provide you with up to four competitive FREE Moving Quotes from dependable Moving Companies for your move in or out of Braunschweig within 48 hours. This will allow you to focus on the more important things of your upcoming move or relocation.
The South African Furniture Removals Alliance provides a free service to help you find the best relocation or moving quote. Whether you are relocating offices or need a quote for a residential move in Braunschweig, we will be able to provide you with the most competitive quotes. Our moving companies specialize in local and long distance moves across the entire South Africa.
Either complete the simple quote request form bove and we will contact you and provide you with the most competitive furniture removal quotes or click here to contact us for a Free Furniture Removals Quote.
This service is brought to you by SAFRA.
Be sure to make use of a reputable furniture removal company to avoid loss or damage to your belongings! We have compiled a number of Furniture Removal Tips and Strategies to make your upcoming move as easy a possible. Learn more...

subset: commoncrawl


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It's 87 narrow stairs underneath a historic cypress tree, through a landing full of fuchsias and rustic furniture, up again brushing against flowering pelargoniums to the very top of the property where Ruben Flores lives in a 900-square-foot home that sits like a tree house with a view to the ocean and then as far as the eye can see.
It's a fairy-tale property where the designer, with 26 years of experience under his belt, and owner of Laguna Nursery on Pacific Coast Highway, plants what he likes or gleans from the discards of commercial jobs.
Flores, like many plant people, cannot stand to kill plants. "If clients want them out, I give them a home," he says of his varied plant palette.
Flores bought the property 13 years ago and spent the first two years reviving the tired landscape before he even installed a proper refrigerator in his home. "The previous owner lived here like it was a vacation rental. I did, too, until the garden was straightened away." He laid every one of the 87 steps by hand, installed the softscaping and landings in levels, and crowned the property with a purple- and blue-tiled grotto.
"It was just a dirt path and three trees," he said.
The house was built in 1923 and, like other Laguna Beach properties, had a connection with past resident Bette Davis.
"There was a Bette Davis headstone on the property," Flores said. "It was the one that wasn't used when she died. But once the house was in escrow, it disappeared."
The 102-year-old cypress tree remains and is a historic landmark in Laguna Beach. Flores lovingly prunes the tree, and it is the highlight of the lower garden, where under its shade grow fuchsias and other low-light plants.
"There was a bit of a bidding war when I bought the house," Flores said. "I submitted a resume and was interviewed before I bought it."
On chance, Flores brought a fuchsia to the interview, and that turned out to be the owner's all-time favorite plant. The house was his.
Flores has landscaped properties around the world in every style you can imagine. In his own garden, he prefers bold, architectural plants against rustic hardscape materials and lots of whimsy in the way of follies or surprises.
Chandeliers are hung in unexpected places, mosaics mix with brick, and statuary is incorporated into the terrace walls. Edibles mix with perennials, and succulents hang from the top of a wall.
It's a garden you certainly want to take your time in, lest you miss the tillandsias planted in the trees, plant tags embedded into the walks, or an art piece designed into a nook.
Contact the writer: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Monday, December 22, 2014
December 22 - Chico Mendes, Rubber Tapper, Environmentalist, Murdered
Chico wasn't a minister or a Church leader. He attended religious services and was described as having much faith but he wasn't acting on behalf of the Church when he resisted the developers who were invading and pillaging the Amazon rain forest. Instead, he was acting out to hear the "cry of the Earth" and respond to the needs of the people near to him--his neighbors. He began by unionizing and organizing rubber tappers who worked in the Amazon rain forest in Northwestern Brazil. The workers were being manipulated and the powerful were taking advantage of them to render wealth from the natural resources of the rain forest. The powerful and wealthy profited mightily from this arrangement but the poor and the working were slowly and singularly trampled and abused. Chico wanted to stop this as best he knew how so he joined the workers together and stood resolutely defiant in the face of the manipulations of those who stood to gain from the destruction of the rain forest. They negotiated for better working conditions and this might have been acceptable. Yet, when they pushed for sustainable and environmentally sound harvesting practices, they were rebuffed because they got in between the powerful and Mammon. The ranchers could only continue to profit so obscenely if they cleared the rain forest away to make room for grazing land.
Chico once said, "At first I thought I was fighting to save rubber trees, then I thought I was fighting to save the Amazon rain forest." His unionizing efforts were quickly and steadily being changed into environmental efforts on behalf of the rubber tappers who needed the rain forest to continue working but, also, on behalf of those who fought to protect the treasure of the Amazon rain forest. He flew to Washington, D.C. to represent the environmental concerns to a group hoping to pave roads through the rain forest. Thanks to Chico, it was postponed and then renegotiated. His constant refrain was the need for sustainable practices that protected and took care of the treasure of the rain forest for the future. Soon, the "cry of the Earth" was becoming the "cry of the poor," though as he led groups of the poor and the working class in nonviolent resistance against the ranchers who hoped to profit in the now and forget about the future. Chico's groups understood the power and scope of nonviolent resistance as Jesus had taught when they marched into the camps of the loggers and put themselves in the way of the loggers and the trees. Further, they pleaded with the workers to reconsider what they were doing to the rain forest, to Brazil, and to the world as a whole. Many of the workers could not bear to continue in their job and so the ranchers plans were often thwarted by unarmed and insignificant people even though they had paid and sent armed individuals to remove the treasure that stood in the way of their financial gain.
Chico gained many enemies and opponents--like his Lord Jesus--by refusing to turn away from his nonviolent resistance when it got in the way of the aims and goals of those worshiping themselves and their own interests.Eventually, Chico--the man of faith--was assassinated at the command of the ranchers.Like the early Christian martyrs, his death was expected to be the end of his cause yet this is not what financed death brought into the region. In response to his death, money came pouring into the cause and rain forest reserves were founded in his name never to be transgressed by the men who bought his death. What had started as a call to protect his friends had become a call to protect a national treasure. It had ended up being a call for a man of faith to hear the cry of the poor and disenfranchised and to defend them by the only means available to him: nonviolent resistance.
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Loading Map....
Date(s) - 06/25/2019
7:00 pm - 8:30 pm
Twin Oaks Branch Austin Public Library
Practiquemos Español is not a Spanish class, but rather a place to fine-tune your Spanish in a relaxed environment under the guidance of a Spanish-speaking facilitator. Participants will need to know a little Spanish to participate.
For more information, visit the Austin Public Library website.


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On 31st May, 1.45pm (UK Time) I appear on the Channel Four programme "Four Rooms" where I show the jewels to several of Britain's top dealers.
If you are interested in owning some of these historical jewels please contact the well respected London dealer of Asian antiquities and art - John Eskenazi
(email: firstname.lastname@example.com)
I wonder who will buy them and if they will be available for the public to view them? Wouldn't it be better to offer them to a Buddhist institution that would take proper care of them?
The Piprahwa Jewels
"This relic deposit of the Lord Buddha is the share of this renowned Sakya brethren, his own sister's children and his own son."
Translation of the inscription on the Piprahwa reliquary
This website tells the story of how my ancestors became involved in one of the most significant archaeological and religious finds in Buddhist history - the discovery of the Piprahwa Stupa in India, the location of the Buddha's ashes and the beautiful jewels interred with them.
It also endeavours to address the conspiracy theories about the Piprahwa excavation using archaeological and documentary evidence, rational and scientific argument, and the academic opinion of several world leading experts in Indian history and languages.
On the 11th May this year the documentary Bones of the Buddha shown on the National Geographic Channel conclusively showed that the Piprahwa inscription is authentic and could never have been forged.


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Officials with the Rockets, Comcast and Astros held another six-hour mediation session Friday with U.S. District Judge Lynn Hughes but adjourned without an apparent agreement in the Comcast SportsNet Houston bankruptcy dispute.
Friday's session was the third that Hughes has held in person or via telephone with a group that includes Rockets owner Leslie Alexander and CEO Tad Brown, Comcast executive Robert Pick and Astros owner Jim Crane.
Crane would not characterize the nature of Friday's discussions or speculate on whether the parties will reconvene for another mediation session.
"We didn't get anything finished," Crane said. "We just got to an impasse, and everybody is leaving." He addd, "We're still working on it & will continue to work on it until we hopefully get a good solution for our fans."
Brown said, "We greatly appreciate Judge Hughes' efforts & will continue to follow the court's process & hopefully reach a resolution soon."
Pick had no comment.
Hughes is hearing the Astros' appeal of the February order that placed CSN Houston under Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. He also is hearing an appeal regarding whether a lawsuit filed by Crane's Houston Baseball Partners investment group against Comcast and former Astros owner Drayton McLane should be heard in federal or state court.


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Home › Scene › Looming Large ›
Looming Large
THE PARTY More than 150 guests gathered this winter to celebrate the opening of the Organic Looms showroom located in the Mart Park building in River North. THE PEOPLE The Indian-inspired event hosted a bevy of Chicago's top designers and tastemakers, including Jessica Lagrange, Aimee Wertepny and Beverly Hammel. THE PERKS Guests enjoyed traditional Indian music from Sandalwood Sitar Music Ensemble and henna tattoos from artist Meetah Shah. Jaipur restaurant provided a sampling of Indian cuisine including lamb kabobs, chicken tikka and pakoras, paired with a selection of spicy chutneys. Courtesy Images


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btscanner: Update OUI List – Vendor Organizationally Unique Identifier List
If you use btscanner, which is a Bluetooth scanner found in Backtrack Linux, a lot like I do then you will notice that the Public OUI list included is pretty far out of date. The OUI or Organizationally Unique Identifier list is what matches MAC addresses to manufacturers or vendors. This is how you can determine who produced a specific product that is talking on a network for instance a Bluetooth device that is attempting to communicate with your phone or your computer.


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Every day we transport thousands of students to and from school and their extracurricular activities with safety and reliability. With customers this precious it's no wonder safety is our top priority.
We call it Mission Focus because it allows you to focus on mission critical responsibility. Our specialty is student transportation, yours is education. It's a trusted partnership in student transportation, since 1942.
MVT has developed extensive special needs training programs for our drivers and aides, including comprehensive sensitivity and awareness training for many conditions.
Yes, MVT Buses are available for private as well as public, or business charter - for just about any type of event you can think of. It's easy, and nothing is more safe, or reliable. Click the button below to inquire about chartering a bus for your event.
In 1942 our founder, George Krapf, Jr. was approached by the Twin Valley School District and asked if...Read more
Safety is our top priority. It's the first thing we think about when we start, and the last think about when we...Read more
Some people call if outsourcing. We call it Mission Focus because partnering with Mountain Valley...Read more
MVT is available for Bus Charter for events or excursions of all types. Take a minute and tell us about...Read more


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|Idyllwild, Calif.
|High School:
|Hemet HS
Beechan ran regularly on the traveling squad as a true freshman...In 2010 Beechan placed tenth at the Cal Poly Dual Meet 5k with the time of 18:11.94... Was 37th at the Big West Championships with a time of 22:09.70 over 6k, which scored as the fifth position for the Gauchos...Her time at Pre-Nationals was 22:56.6...Competed at the Stanford Invitational and finished 66th with a time of 23:00 over 6k...Took 20th in the early-season Aztec Invitational, and was the second Gaucho across the line with her time of 18:34 over 5k...Opened the season with a fourth-place showing at the Lagoon Invitational; her time of 18:21 over 5k was again second-best for the Gauchos.
High School
Beechan was Sunbelt League Champion in the 2006 and 2007 cross country seasons...Was All-League from 2005-2007 and All-Riverside County from 2006-2007...In track, she was 1600m and 3200m League Champion in 2007 and 2008...She qualified for 2008 CIF Finals in the 1600m...Also participated in a half-marathon, completing the 13.1 mile course in 1 hour 36 minutes... She graduated ranked eighth in her class.
Daughter of Ron and Nancy Beechan... Majoring in biology and hopes to become an ecologist...Her hobbies include photography, mountain biking, camping, and fishing... Credits her family's continual support as a major factor of her success... Her parents are the most supportive and encouraging people in her life... Her brothers Matt and Nic are outstanding siblings and people; especially her brother Nic for his determination and sense of humor.
Collegiate Career Bests
6k- 21:13.6 (Stanford Invitational, 9/24/11)
5k- 17:52.2 (UC Riverside Invitational, 9/19/09)


text: National Backward Classes Finance & Development Corporation (NBCFDC) is a Govt. of India Undertaking under the aegis of Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment. NBCFDC was incorporated under Section 25 of the Companies Act 1956 on 13th January 1992 as a Company not for profit with an objective to promote economic and developmental activities for the benefit of Backward Classes and to assist the poorer section of these classes in skill development and self employment ventures. NBCFDC provides financial assistance through State Channelising Agencies (SCAs) nominated by the State Governments/ UTs. NBCFDC also provides Micro Financing through SCAs/ Self Help Groups (SHGs). The Corporation can assist a wide range of income generating activities to assist the poorer section of these classes in skill development


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Web Directory that provides website listings with short descriptions for reference.
For webmasters, the submission is fast and painless.
urlof.website is the best free online human edited general web directory. it is established in 2015. Here, you can do free website submission for your websites. This website provides the categories like Art, Computer, Education, Entertainment, Games, Jobs, News, Sports, Travels and much more. If the user does not find the theme category, he can suggest us and we'd be happy to add it in our site. Our main goal is to list the quality websites in the best possible category and provide a high quality business informations to our users.
How do you get your website noticed in today's competitive online environment? It seems that links to your website from related sites still gets results.
One way to achieve this without spending a fortune is to add your URL to website directories. Not just any directories of course. You want to list in the ones trusted by Google. A couple of simple ways to determine whether a business directory is reputable is to check the page rank, not only the home page PR but also the deeper categories. Another sign of a quality site is whether your content submission is held for moderation.
All quality directories inspect every listing to determine if the site passes its guidelines and is allowed. Often the listing you submit will look completely different after it has been moderated. In most cases, if the submission isn't up to standard it is simply deleted.
A web directory or link directory is a directory on the World Wide Web. A collection of data organised into categories. It specializes in linking to other web sites and categorizing those links.
A web directory is not a search engine and does not display lists of web pages based on keywords; instead, it lists web sites by category and subcategory. Most web directory entries are also not found by web crawlers but by humans. The categorization is usually based on the whole web site rather than one page or a set of keywords, and sites are often limited to inclusion in only a few categories. Web directories often allow site owners to submit their site for inclusion, and have editors review submissions for fitness.
Sometimes known as Internet directories or hyperlink directories, web directories classify and connect to other websites on the web. A web directory isn't a search engine, although some website directories include research features. Instead of displaying lists of website results predicated on keywords, the main element function of an internet directory would be to categorise and list internet sites based either on this content of the web page or the positioning of the entity that the web page represents. Some web web directories may list the website both topically and regionally.
The reasons for an internet directory are usually two-fold. Their initial purposes were to aid Internet users to find what they were searching for on the Web, which is still true. The secondary reason for an internet directory has, to a big extent, end up being the primary purpose for most today, which is to provide a way to obtain back links to aid site owners in obtaining good location for his or her site in search engines, such as Google or Bing.
With the enhancement of internet search engine technology in the last several years, a lot less people are embracing web directories if they are searching for something on the web. Most will choose to simply enter keyword right into a search engine. However, some individuals do continue to utilise them for their original objective, myself being one of these. Se's change their algorithms every once in awhile and often, throughout a transition, serp's are significantly less than helpful. On such events, especially, I frequently turn to a trusted web directory. I discover that I do this frequently when I am searching for something in a specific geographical place, and generally after I have previously conducted an explore on a search engine.
Today, the largest advantage of internet directory listings are they lend an advantage search engine placement. Unlike all the propaganda, nothing Google did has adversely affected the worthiness of a web link in an established web directory. Whenever your internet site is listed and properly categorised in any of the top directories, this can lend credibility to the web page, and any keywords or phrases found in the title or explanation of the website may assist the internet search engine in properly classifying the web page in its serp's. In other words, an excellent listing in any of the best web directories can help your website rank higher for queries that utilize the same keywords and key phrases that were used to describe your website in an internet directory listing.
In that manner, even though your online site may receive several direct visits from the website directory, the listing does lead to your website placing you higher in the results on Search engines, Bing, Google, Yahoo and DuckDuckGo, leading to indirect traffic to your site. However, listings in badly managed directories could possibly harm your internet search engine placement.
Average 7000 visitors/month
Around 300 websites added every month
Every page indexed in major search engines


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As you explore and consider global mission service, take some time to learn about the accompaniment approach to global mission that guides the ELCA's engagement. Ask yourself some frank questions about your qualifications and seek God's guidance and direction. Current listings are posted on the ELCA Job Board. If you don't see a good match or a strong possibility now, check back later — and prepare to embark on an exciting, faith-deepening journey.
Learn how to support missionaries and Young Adults in Global Mission by clicking here.
For further information contact ELCA Human Resources -Global Service at 1-800-638-35221-800-638-3522 FREE, ext. 2652 or by email.


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Student Truck Driver Start your NEW Trucking Career We Train! We Hire!
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C.R. England
New Orleans , LA
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Inexperienced Driver Earn your CDL-A and start your Truck Driving Career now with competitive pay, great culture & full benefits! C.R. England operates Premier Truck Driving Schools to offer students a world-class program, considered among the best in the trucking industry. With an emphasis on truck driver safety, this comprehensive CDL program combines classroom training with on-truck and behind the wheel driver training.You can earn your CDL in just 17 days! At C.R. England, we offer zero up front out-of-pocket CDL training at our Premier Truck Driving Schools. As a family-owned company, we have top-of-the-line equipment, routes, and technology to provide you with one of the best trucking jobs in the country. Our recent pay increases make our drivers some of the highest paid.No CDL? No Problem! We Train, We Hire, We Pay.Tuition Financed for CDL Students- after you complete a year of driving for C.R. England we ll pay off your entire tuition contractTravel and Hotel Costs Covered17-day programUpon successful completion and meeting our other hiring requirements, you will be hired as a C.R. England team memberStability and Success since 1920At C.R. England, You Choose Your Lane, You Choose Your Position, and You Get ALL the Benefits!You Choose Your Lane*With 85% of our positions offering set runs, you are sure to find a career that is a fit for you.Dedicated Route: customer relationships, regular routes, and great payRegional Route: balanced home and road life, regular routes, and great milesNational Route: explore the country, competitive pay, and great milesIntermodal: home nearly every day, flexible schedule competitive payYou Choose Your Position*Solo DriverTeam DriverDriver TrainerInstructorYou Get ALL the BenefitsWeekly Pay & Consistent Home TimeHealth Benefits & 401k ParticipationPaid Time Off & Bonus IncentivesUnlimited Cash Referral ProgramGreat equipmentDISCLAIMER: $0 OUT-OF-POCKET CDL-A TRAINING AT ONE OF C.R. ENGLAND S PREMIER TRUCK DRIVING SCHOOLS IS PROVIDED FOR NON-CDL HOLDERS THAT COMMIT TO AND COMPLETE A ONE-YEAR EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT. IF YOU DON T COMPLETE THE ONE-YEAR EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT, YOU WILL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR PAYING THE BALANCE OF YOUR TUITION OBLIGATION.* YOU CHOOSE YOUR LANE AND YOU CHOOSE YOUR POSITION WILL DEPEND UPON THE APPLICANTS QUALIFICATIONS AND C.R. ENGLAND S JOB AVAILABILITY.
Associated topics: entry level, inexperienced, no cdl needed, no experience necessary, recent graduate, student, student driving, student truck driving, trainee, training
* The salary listed in the header is an estimate based on salary data for similar jobs in the same area. Salary or compensation data found in the job description is accurate.
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July 7, 2017
In December of 2015, Atlas Copco Secoroc introduced an all-new bit range for tophammer surface drilling – Powerbit. The first thread system to reach the market was T45. Since the introduction, Powerbit T45 and T51 has met, and surpassed all goals and expectations. Service life is improved up to 75 % – at significantly higher penetration rates.
Now, we introduce Powerbit ST58 (89-115 mm) and ST68 (102-140 mm) for underground drilling. These ranges of bits have all the same characteristics that have made Powerbit T45 and T51 so successful. The bit shape is optimised. The bit body steel is harder and stronger. And the patented Enduro Extra button surface treatment technology and Trubbnos button shape, are developed for outstanding strength and wear resistance. On top of that, the ST thread and Powerbit ST58 and ST68 give you all the characteristics you need for long and straight holes. Some Powerbit ST58 and ST68 models are available with optional short guide wings. This minimises hole deviation and makes sure that the bit body wears at the same rate as the buttons, decreasing the risk for the bit to get stuck in the hole. Like all other Powerbits, the thread and undercut are optimised to reduce strain and minimise the risk for material fatigue. All in all, we expect Powerbit ST58 and ST68 to be every bit as effective as T45 and T51, which have proven to give exceptional performance in all types of rock.
With the Powerbit ST58 and ST68 ranges we continue our efforts towards a more compact and versatile tophammer bit assortment. The ST68 range offer 25 % fewer bits, making bit selection that much easier for you. And with Powerbit ST58 and ST68, we can now give you an unbeatable underground drill string, where our shank adapters and drill rods are already known to be top-of-the-line. Welcome to the tophammer world of Atlas Copco Secoroc.
Johan Thenor, Product Line Manager Tophammer and Handheld, Epiroc Drilling Tools AB
Phone: +46 (0)223 462 27, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Ivan Hadjiev, Global Product Manager Tophammer, Epiroc Drilling Tools AB
Phone: +46 (0)223 461 14, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Torbjörn Viberg, Communications Manager, Epiroc Drilling Tools AB
Phone: +46 223 463 84, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Atlas Copco is a world-leading provider of sustainable productivity solutions. The Group serves customers with innovative compressors, vacuum solutions and air treatment systems, construction and mining equipment, power tools and assembly systems. Atlas Copco develops products and services focused on productivity, energy efficiency, safety and ergonomics. The company was founded in 1873, is based in Stockholm, Sweden, and has a global reach spanning more than 180 countries. In 2016, Atlas Copco had revenues of BSEK 101 (BEUR 11) and about 45 000 employees. Learn more at www.atlascopcogroup.com.
Atlas Copco Secoroc is a division within Atlas Copco's Mining and Rock Excavation Technique business area. It develops, manufactures and markets rock drilling tools worldwide. Its products are used for rock excavation within the mining and construction business for both surface and underground applications. The division is headquartered in Fagersta, Sweden and has production on six continents.
Epiroc operated under the trademark "Atlas Copco" prior to January 1, 2018.


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With the Big East As We Know It coming to an end, Marquette coach Buzz Williams no doubt figured he'd seen the last of Syracuse's zone for a while.
WASHINGTON — With the Big East As We Know It coming to an end, Marquette coach Buzz Williams no doubt figured he'd seen the last of Syracuse's zone for a while.
He's a got a 290-pound player on the bench who can't wait to face it again.
"I know about spacing," Davante Gardner said Friday. "So they'll change it up and try to lock me down."
It takes a bit of bravado for a backup junior forward to have a "bring it on" attitude over Syracuse's 2-3 fortress, especially after the way coach Jim Boeheim's team dominated Indiana on Thursday night, but Gardner had a standout game against the zone last month and can't wait for the rematch when the third-seeded Golden Eagles (26-8) face the fourth-seeded Orange (29-9) on Saturday with a berth in the Final Four on the line.
"I love playing against athletic guys," Gardner went on. "Because they think they can just stop me. But I use my weight to push them around."
The Big East is turning into the league that just won't die. Syracuse is leaving for the Atlantic Coast Conference in the fall, and Marquette is one of the so-called "Catholic 7" basketball-centric schools breaking away from the pack and taking the Big East name with them. A pair of good runs in this NCAA tournament has have created one more reunion, with the Orange seeking to avenge a 74-71 loss in Milwaukee on Feb. 25.
The star that night was Gardner, who went 7 for 7 from the field, 12 for 13 from the line, grabbed eight rebounds and scored a career-high 26 points.
"He got a lot of offensive rebounds, they found him in the lane, and he made good plays," Boeheim said. "To me he's a very good player down there, and we obviously have to do better with him, for sure."
But, Gardner's confidence aside, Williams has a message for anyone looking for a repeat performance: Get real.
"I don't think he will play that well again. And that's only because he's never played that well before or since," the Marquette coach said. "So he played incredible. But we do need him to play. If you look at the games where we've won, the games where we've lost, Davante is a big pendulum swing."
Gardner's 14 points helped secure Marquette's win over Miami in the round of 16 on Thursday, putting the Golden Eagles closer to their first Final Four appearance since 2003. Syracuse also hasn't been among the last quartet in a decade, when Carmelo Anthony led the Orange to the national title.
Marquette and Syracuse didn't play each other in that Final Four. Their only NCAA tournament meeting came in 2011, when the Golden Eagles won 66-62 in the second round.
"I don't want to play Syracuse again," Williams said. "(People say) 'Well, you know them and you know their zone. I know all that. I don't want to play 'em. I would rather play somebody else. But it's part of having so many good teams in our league that go to the NCAA tournament."
The matchup gave both Boeheim and Williams another chance to wax nostalgic about the conference that has produced 18 Final Four teams in 33 years, including six in the last seven seasons with five different schools. Williams referenced some of the big names that made the league, while Boeheim lamented how football has become the driving sport behind conference alignments.
"There's no question leaving the Big East will be sad, it already is in so many ways," Syracuse assistant coach Mike Hopkins said. "But it's a chance for one more game and it will mean the Final Four."
And, as with many games involving Syracuse, it will come down to how the opponent handles the zone. Even Boeheim agrees: It's easier said than done.
"Everybody in this business knows what they need to do," Boeheim said. "It's a question of if you can execute it in the game. Indiana knew exactly what to do. Tom Crean has coached against me, he's seen our defense, he knows. They knew what to do, it's a question if they can do it."
Crean's Indiana team couldn't do it. It's time to see if Williams' Golden Eagles, Gardner included, can do it again.


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Akil'zon is the second boss in Zul'Aman if you are killing in the order the timers require. If you are not concerned with the timers, then you are free to do whichever boss suits you!
Akil'zon is pretty straight forward where tanking is concerned. There really are not any tricks other than just keeping him positioned. This fight comes down to the rest of the raid.
The raid needs to be spread out to avoid Static Disruption from chaining to multiple raiders. It is very important to make sure nobody is close enough for this to chain to the tank. This can become particularly problematic for other melee as it can be difficult to remain in range for combat, but far enough away from the tank to prevent chaining. The Static Disruption places a debuff on the person that will increase nature damage by 25%.
Akil'zon will create an electrical storm every 45 – 60 seconds. When this is performe, on member of the raid will be lifted into the air and held there. Everyone else must run underneath that person to avoid taking massive electrical damage. Watch for the purple 'drain life' effect Akil'zon will fire at the effected person, then run like the wind to get beneath that player. The storm will last for 8 seconds or so and then you will need to move back to Akil'zon and resume tanking as usual.
After the first Electrical Storm, Akil'zon will summon eagles that fly around and wreak havoc on your casters. I single out casters as they will get hit much harder by the eagles than other more durable characters. The eagles are typically just a nuisance to other armor wearers.
Finish off Akil'zon and you will pick up 2 x [item]Badge of Justice[/item]. There really aren't any tank specific drops from Akil'zon, but there are a couple of situational items. The [item]Akil'zon's Talonblade[/item] looks to be a great threat weapon, and you can pick up the [item]Bloodstained Elven Battlevest[/item] for your DPS set.
A note about the gauntlet trash before Akil'zon: The gauntlet can be quite a chore. If you are lucky, you brought a paladin with you. They are great for aggroing up the adds that come while moving up the ramp. As the MT, your job will be the non-cc'able pairs of mobs you will encounter as you move up. Keep aggro on the Amani'shi Wind Walkers and the Amani'shi Protectors. Kill the Wind Walkers first as they can heal. Have your other tank type pick up the Warriors that come from behind, and have your Paladin hold all the eagles while your AE DPS takes them down. Keep moving up the ramp and engage the Amani'shi Tempest to stop the adds from continuing.


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'Young Imam' Is the Reality Show Creating All the Buzz in Malaysia
Aspiring Mullahs Show Their Stuff; Swooning Fans and a Free Trip to Mecca
KUALA LUMPUR—The U.S. has "American Idol." Britain has "The X Factor." Malaysia, one of the world's more progressive Muslim nations, has something rather different—a televised search for the country's most eligible young religious leader.
"Young Imam" might look familiar at first glance. Ten good-looking male contestants in sharp-looking suits are assigned to sing and complete a series of complex tasks. At the end of the show, the studio lights dim, the music drops to a whisper, and a clutch of young hopefuls step forward nervously, waiting hand-in-hand to find out who will be sent home that night.
Instead of a record contract or a million-dollar prize, though, the last imam standing wins a scholarship to the al-Madinah University in Saudi Arabia, a job leading prayers at a Kuala Lumpur mosque and an expense-paid trip to Mecca to perform the Haj pilgrimage.
The sole judge who decides who stays and who goes each Friday in prime-time isn't an aging pop star or talk-show host. He's the turban-wearing former grand mufti of Malaysia's national mosque, Hasan Mahmood. Last week Mr. Hasan stifled a sob as he eliminated 25-year-old Sharafuddin Suaut from the show for stumbling over some of the finer points of Islamic theory.
It's an unusual portrayal of both Islam and of the vital job of imam—a broad role whose duties range from leading prayers to helping sort out community problems. Izelan Basar, a channel manager at Kuala Lumpur cable network Astro Entertainment Sdn. Bhd., devised the show's format with the help of local religious authorities to help smooth over any sensitivities.
While Malaysia generally takes a moderate approach to Islam and has tried to put a modern spin on the faith for years, there are strong conservative undercurrents here. Three Muslim women were for the first time caned here earlier this year for breaching Islamic Shariah laws by having extramarital sex. In recent days police and government officials have warned that al-Qaeda-linked agents have tried to recruit young Muslims from the country's universities.
"Young Imam," though, has developed a strong following just three weeks into its first season—providing some evidence that, despite the rise of fundamentalist practices in recent years, Malaysia remains by and large wedded to a more open, tolerant form of the faith.
Fans sign onto Facebook to heap praise on the aspiring young mullahs, including some prospective mothers-in-law hoping to marry off their daughters. Some viewers say they have been inspired to take another look at their faith, especially after Mr. Sharafuddin—the first imam eliminated—tearfully said in a "Survivor"-style taped exit video that he would pray hard to learn from his early departure.
"These young imams are modern, and we need that. Muslims these days are very progressive," says Hafizul Fadly, a 27-year-old shipping analyst and fan of the show. "After 9/11, it's good for us to show the true picture of Islam."
Others simply appear to be smitten. "I like. I'd vote for you, hi, hi, hi," one person identifying herself as Nur Ainatul Fitriah wrote one of the contestants, 22-year-old Hazran Kamal, on the show's Facebook fan-page.
It's easy to see how the young imams might send Malaysian hearts aflutter. Dressed in matching robes or suits, much like a Western-style all-boy pop group, they were selected for the contest after months of rigorous auditions.
Most caught the producers' ear with the quality of their voices when reciting verses from the Quran. Some are still students, while others work in business or financial services.
One contestant, Taufek Noh, works as a motivational speaker. "I think this might give me an edge," he says during a brief break in taping.
The show's organizers then tested the contestants on general knowledge and geography to make sure they were up to the intellectual rigors of the show.
"They have to be able to speak on a wide range of social issues. We made them talk about all kinds of things, like the environment and UFOs," Mr. Izelan recalls.
Each week, "Young Imam" goes out of its way to confront the contestants with situations they might have to face one day as real imams. In the first episode, the young contenders were sent out to prepare unclaimed corpses for burial—an essential rite in Islam.
Mr. Taufek, the motivational speaker, says, "It's a tough contest, but if we want to be imams and lead our community, we should expect to face difficult challenges any time, any place."
In the following show, the contestants ditched their suits and black Muslim caps to don sports shirts to head out with the police on a midnight raid on a gang of teenage motorcycle street racers in the southern town of Johor Baru. The young imams—none of them much older than the street racers—herded the bikers into a room and tried to wean them off their racing fix by lecturing them about Islam.
The imams themselves are largely unaware of the excitement they have stirred.
For the past month they have been cloistered in a hostel on the grounds of a federal mosque here in Kuala Lumpur and, to better help them focus on their religious studies, are banned from watching TV, reading newspapers or going online. They're not even allowed to follow the World Cup soccer tournament that's captivating the rest of Malaysia. The last few survivors will stay there for another two months, when the show's finale will be broadcast live from a theater.
The only moment of respite so far came when Mr. Taufek was allowed out briefly to marry his fiancee, Zilawati Abusan, in an elaborate, televised wedding on June 11.
The other contestants made the most of the break to advance their own cause: They officiated at the ceremony as part of the show.
—Celine Fernandez contributed to this story.
Write to James Hookway at firstname.lastname@example.com
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Instruction in general education is included so that students may satisfy the College graduation requirements in this area. While most of our students are planning to transfer to a California University, graduates who have satisfactorily completed the Curriculum in Architecture are qualified for direct entry into employment in various capacities in architecture, the construction industry, and related fields.
The Architecture program at City College of San Francisco strives to equip students with the necessary tools to identify and analyze critical issues and formulate meaningful responses all within the discipline of Architecture. The program commits to instill within each student the passion to treat their studies as part of a larger promise to life-long learning and community stewardship.
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Newsday: Greg Logan has the game recap which includes head coach Scott Gordon who was critical of his teams lack of skating, goaltender Joey MacDonald and Mark Streit also discussed the loss.
There will be a Friday Islander Insider from the paper.
NYI Fan Central Comments:
Seems the days of the Newsday live blog has tailed off a lot. Mr Logan has his pregame blog but as usual Mr Zipay is live blogging with several daily updates while our beatwriter only did this in preseason.
Never going to be enough for me until the Islanders outblog the other Newsday team who should not be receiving any coverage until the city papers even up all coverage.
NYI Point Blank: Mr Botta had a game recap that became more like a twenty five game report on the club but did include a lot of sidebars on the loss.
Danvers Herald: Joe McConnell has a feature on Islanders prospect Brian Day who plays for Colgate.
Washington Post & Washington Times: Has the Post-game coverage of Islanders-Washington. Mr Masaick's post-game notes in his blog here simply great reading even after a tough loss.
NYI Fan Central Comments:
Highly recommend the outstanding work of Tarik-El Bashir & Corey Masisak in their respective papers.
DC Examiner: Brian McNally also has Washington coverage on Thursday's game.
Ct Post: Michael Fornabaio's article is on the Sound Tigers recent five hundred record (five games) as head coach Jack Capuano cites the turnovers that have not been worse lately but do catch up to a club in a creative puck-moving system while defenseman Joe Callahan feels it's fixable.
Mr Fornabaio also reports forward Jesse Joensuu, out two games with an undisclosed upper-body injury, practiced Thursday at the Arena at Harbor Yard, the head coach hoped he would be available to return in this three game in three day stretch along with Friday game preview here.
Friday-at Binghampton
Saturday-vs Norfolk
Sunday-at Lowell 4pm
Islander News Articles 12/5
New York Islander Fan Central | 12/04/2008 10:32:00 PM | Brian Day | Jack Capuano | Jesse Joensuu | Joe Callahan | Joey MacDonald | Mark Streit | Scott Gordon | Washington Capitals
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Communication and Media Studies
In today's world of communication, it isn't hard to see how mass media is integral to the lives of individuals and a significant factor in how societal institutions work. At Niagara, we not only teach how to create media communication, but also how to ask critical questions like:
- What values should a media system serve?
- What role should the media play in a democratic society?
- What kinds of news and culture should media bring to audiences?
The communication and media studies program, consistent with Niagara University's mission, focuses on using the mass media to serve human needs. At Niagara, our goal is to produce graduates with media skills informed by a critical analysis of how media work and what purposes they serve.


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Wednesday, August 31, 2011
Bundling Redux
Thursday, August 25, 2011
MPGN: Think Different
My main gripe with the existing classification system is that it places the focus firmly on "primary" causes of MPGN (Types I, II, III, Burkholder variant, Strife and Anders variant etc.), demoting secondary causes to the bottom of the differential. Although idiopathic forms undoubtedly exist, they are increasingly uncommon, and an underlying cause can be found in the vast majority of cases.
First off, it is vital to appreciate that MPGN is not a disease, but a pattern of injury with a broad differential. For a nephrologist to say their patient "has MPGN" just doesn't cut it, no more than an ID doc saying their patient "has infection". The classic presentation is a child or young adult with persistent proteinuria, often with overlapping features of the nephrotic and nephritic syndromes, and depressed C3 (occurs in over 80%). Spontaneous remission is rare and the condition typically grumbles on to ESRD over many years, unless a treatable underlying cause can be found. The hallmark biopsy finding is the double contour on light microscopy (adjacent figure). The double contour may be thought of as the fingerprint of chronic and persistent immunoglobulin/complement-mediated endothelial injury. Endothelial and mesangial cells attempt to repair the ongoing injury by generating basement membrane–like material, which traps immune complexes and cellular elements in between to form double contours.
The proposed classification system is similar to that used for rapidly progressive or crescentic GN, where classification by immunoflourescence pattern on the the renal biopsy into linear, granular and pauci immune staining is extremely helpful in narrowing down the equally broad and complex differential. The proposed MPGN classification divides it into 3 IF pattern groups: Immunoglobulin staining with C3, C3 staining without immunoglobulin and no staining (figure below; modified version of that which appears in article).
Immunoglobulin and C3 +ve: If immunoglobulin staining is present, the patient should be worked-up for infection, monoclonal gammopathy and autoimmune disease. Regarding infective causes, the organisms to think about tend to be classically associated with chronic infection (HCV, HBV, TB, coxiella, brucella, nocardia) or a carrier state (mycoplasma, Neisseria, strep), presumably acting as a source of chronic, low-grade antibody production. When infective and autoimmune causes are excluded, an underlying MGUS is found in over 40% of cases (Mayo clinic series). This is best identified by immunofixation, although IF microscopy on the biopsy specimen using monoclonal protein–specific Abs is often very helpful. Less common associations include myeloma, lymphoma and CLL.
C3 +ve and immunoglobulin -ve: Isolated C3 staining (i.e.without immunoglobulin) suggests an abnormality of the alternative complement pathway. When this pattern occurs in children, it suggests a genetic mutation is responsible, whereas complement autoantibodies are more likely to be responsible in adults. The prototypic diseases are dense deposit disease and MPGN with isolated C3 deposits, however there are many others. A detailed interrogation of the alternative complement pathway will probably require an immunologist's input. However, before calling them, a good initial screen of the alternative complement pathway comprises 4 tests: C3 and C4 levels, serum MAC levels, an alternative pathway functional assay (APFA) and hemolytic complement assays.
No staining: Chronic injury to the endothelial cell due to thrombotic microangiopathy also causes an MPGN pattern. However, staining for immunoglobulin and C3 is absent. Causes to consider include TTP, HUS, anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome, drug-associated TMA, nephropathy associated with bone marrow transplantation, radiation nephritis and malignant hypertension.
Hopefully, using this system, you will be able to quickly hone in on a manageable differential diagnosis, leaving you more time to... think.
Surviving Stress in the Kidney Medulla
HemoDoc in AJKD
Wednesday, August 24, 2011
RFN bloggers in AJKD
Tuesday, August 23, 2011
AKI requiring dialysis in the hospital: Does this mean I'm on dialysis for good?
The answer, as with many things in medicine, is it depends. AKI has a wide variety of causes but one of the most commonly encountered entities in the hospital is Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) and luckily we have a number of good studies to help inform prognosis.
One of the first things to realize about hospitalized AKI due to ATN that requires dialysis is that it is associated with a very high in-hospital mortality rate. In the ATN study which examined critically ill ICU patients with AKI presumed secondary to ATN randomized to either intensive or less-intensive dialysis there was a roughly 50% in-hospital mortality in both groups.
In those with ATN who require dialysis and survive hospitalization, whether or not long term dialysis is required depends on the demographic. In general, the lower the baseline kidney function at the time of AKI the higher the rates of long term dialysis dependence.
The ATN study excluded patient's with advanced CKD (about 30% of patients though had moderate CKD with GFRs between 30 and 59 ml/min/1.73m2). Around 70% of people who survived to day 28 continued to require dialysis. In contrast, in a German cohort of 433 critically ill patients all with GFRs of greater than 90 ml/min/1.73m2 who developed dialysis requiring AKI from ATN not one survivor (in hospital mortality was again approximately 50%) required long term dialysis at discharge.
In terms of more advanced CKD, a study using the Northern California Kaiser Database looked at patients both in and out of the ICU who developed AKI requiring dialysis (greater than 90% of patient's had likely ATN by subset chart review). Of those that survived the hospitalization (overall mortality was 26%) 42%, 63% and 90% of patients with eGFRs of 30-44, 15-29 and less than 15 ml/min/1.73m2 respectively were felt to be dialysis dependent within 30 days of hospital discharge (a selected chart review revealed no cases of recovery within three months).
In summary those with AKI secondary to ATN who require dialysis in the ICU have a very high mortality rate. Of survivors, approximately 70% will require long term dialysis unless they enter the hospital with completely normal renal function in which case the chances of renal recovery appear to be quite good. Patient's with the most advanced form of CKD who develop AKI requiring dialysis are very unlikely to recover.
Monday, August 22, 2011
A spoonful of sugar...
Cholera epidemics have been a major public health issue throughout recorded history and much energy was devoted towards preventing them and treating affected patients once they occurred. However, it was not until 1831 that it was recognized that the deaths were due to a loss of both salt and water in the stool. At the same time, it was shown that salt and water alone orally or by enemas was ineffective and potentially harmful and iv fluids were introduced for the treatment of cholera for the first time. Despite this, mortality remained very high and as late as 1906, 40% of infected patients still died. Intravenous fluids remained the mainstay of treatment for diarrheal infections until the 1970s.
Although the Indian physician Sushruta had described using solutions containing rice water and carrot juice to treat diarrhea more than 3000 years ago, these had not been in vogue in the West. In the 1960s, small scale studies were done showing that oral solutions containing salt alone were not absorbed but that if the salt was combined with glucose, absorption of both was enhanced. This led to an increase in the use of oral rehydration therapy through the 1960s although it was not fully accepted as a replacement for iv fluids at that point. The first major use of ORT was in a camp for Bangladeshi refugees in 1971. The doctors ran out of iv fluids and ORT was used to treat more than 3000 patients with mortality falling from 30% to 3.6%.
So why is ORT so effective in the treatment of diarrhea in general and especially cholera? The cholera toxin binds irreversibly to the luminal membrane of the small intestine leading to activation of protein kinase A and ultimately increasing the number of open Cl channels on the luminal membrane. The exodus of Cl is accompanied by loss of Na through the tight junctions between the cells and so patients can become dehydrated very rapidly. ORT works because of the particulars of glucose absorption in the small intestine. The glucose transporter SGLT1 requires 2 Na in order to absorb one glucose molecule. ORT contains equimolar amounts of Na and glucose. Thus, the absorption of 100mmol of glucose requires the absorption of 200mmols of NaCl. The second 100mmols of NaCl comes from intestinal secretions and this amount is equivalent to about 700mls of isotonic secreted fluids. Thus, not only does ORT provide rehydration itself, but it also actually decreases diarrhea volume and reduces the requirement for iv fluids.
This was one of the major public health advances of the 20th century and has significantly reduced mortality from diarrheal illnesses worldwide. ORT solutions are cheap and widely available and, most importantly, are easy to administer with no training. Knowing your electrolyte transport mechanisms is important.
This is a great review of the past and future of ORT and this is a previous post by Nate comparing ORT and Gatorade.
Wednesday, August 17, 2011
Desensitization in kidney transplantation: a clear survival benefit
We have previously discussed the terms used to characterize sensitized patients and the most common protocols to overcome this barrier to transplantation. Briefly, more than 30% of patients on the waiting list for a kidney transplant are sensitized to HLA antibodies, with more than 8,000 patients being highly sensitized. Sensitized patients have 3 options to undergo kidney tx:
- stay on the waiting list (hoping to get a matched kidney - annual transplantation is below 7%);
- enroll in a paired kidney donation (improves chances but still low rate); or
- undergo a desensitization protocol.
Desensitization usually involves plasmapheresis, IVIg and high dose immunosuppressive drugs (+/- rituximab) in order to decrease circulating anti-HLA antibodies. These patients have a high risk of complications, including bleeding, cancer, infection and antibody-mediated rejection (which is associated with poor allograft function). Moreover, these patients are very expensive to the hospital's transplant program. More recently, with the spread of quality of measures in transplantation, having many sensitized patients on a program can significantly reduce the successful statistical outcomes of transplantation and consequently deteriorate the image of the program. Therefore, many programs just avoid taking highly sensitized patients.
Despite all the potential complications, whether undergoing desensitization leads to significant long-term survival benefit is unknown. Montgomery et al. analyzed a single-center cohort of 211 sensitized patients who underwent desensitization (IVIg+plasmapheresis) followed by renal transplantation, comparing with two carefully matched control groups of patients on a waiting list for kidney tx who continued to undergo dialysis (dialysis-only group) or who underwent either dialysis or HLA-compatible transplantation (dialysis-or-transplantation group). During the 11-year study period, 98% of the sensitized patients underwent successful transplantation and this study included patients with different detection methods of anti-HLA antibodies, such as positive cross-match by cytotoxicity assay, flow cytometry and/or bead assay (Luminex).
In the desensitized group, rates of survival were 90.6% at 1 year, 85.7% at 3 years and 80.6% at 8 years, compared with 91.1%, 67.2% and 30.5% in the dialysis-only group (view figure). Among the different levels of anti-HLA antibodies, patients with positive cross-match by cytotoxicity assay carried the worst outcome. Nonetheless, the survival benefit curve crossed at 18 months even in that group. Combining all sensitized groups, the survival benefit was clear after 12 months.
Overall, major adverse events during desensitization treatment occurred in less than 5% of patients, including anaphylaxis or bleeding. The most common cause of death was cardiovascular disease (~16% patients) and there were 6 deaths related to infection (~3%), which were likely secondary to the intensive immunosuppression produced by the desensitization protocol. In summary, sensitized patients can obtain a significant survival benefit by undergoing desensitization followed by kidney transplantation compared to alternative options, but risks of infection are higher and more studies are needed to help identify patients at greatest risk of dying and suffering from complications like malignancy or cardiovascular disease.
Tuesday, August 16, 2011
Urinalysis - concentration
Here are some simple facts about urine specific gravity, osmolality and their determination from the urinalysis.
Specific gravity
The reference substance for comparative purposes is water, which therefore has a specific gravity of 1.000. The so-called normal ranges are completely dependent on the amount of fluid ingested and solute excreted. Therefore, for example, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus may have a high urine specific gravity (due to the high amounts of glucosuria), as well volume depletion states and proteinuric conditions. Low urine specific gravity may be caused by excessive fluid intake, diabetes insipidus and diuretics, which all cause a relatively dilute urine to be formed.
Proximal tubular injury (e.g. acute tubular necrosis) may interfere with urinary concentrating capabilities, leading to isosthenuria (a specific gravity of 1.007-1.010). This is a set of circumstances whereby the final urine concentration is essentially equal to that of the glomerular filtrate produced at the early proximal tubule.
Note there are potential false elevations in urine specific gravity, many of which are caused by radiographic dyes, which can produce readings >1.03, if measured at a time close to the procedure.
Specific gravity measured by urine dipstick
The reagent strip in the usual urine dipstick actually measures the ionic concentration of urine. The free ions react with a pH indicator in the strip, thereby causing a change in colour, corresponding to the amount of solute present. Obviously, certain molecules may dissociate more freely than others, which can affect how easily they are to detect.
Urine osmolality
Osmolality differs from the specific gravity in that it depends on the amount of solutes, not on their molecular weight. The range of potential osmolality that can be produced by the normal kidney ranges from around 80-1200 mOsm/Kg. In normal circumstances, the approximate relationship between urine specific gravity and osmolality is 350mOsm/kg per 0.01 unit change in specific gravity (e.g. a specific gravity of 1.01 is equivalent to a urine osmolality of 350mOsm/kg). However, this relationship breaks down in the setting of larger molecular weight compounds, like glucose, certain antibiotics and radiocontrast material.
Monday, August 15, 2011
Methylene blue and refractory hypotension
Saturday, August 13, 2011
FSGS: The Basics
To start, it's helpful to realize that the term "FSGS" is used both by pathologists and clinicians to describe related but different things.
In the pathology world FSGS is a nonspecific renal biopsy finding (there are multiple pathophysiologies that can lead to it).
A useful way to understand the key light microscopy findings is to break the name down stepwise. Glomerulosclerosis refers to an increased glomerular extracellular matrix with obliteration of the glomerular capillary lumen. You can see this in the image at the top where on the right side of the glomerulus the capillary loops are open and over on the left they're mostly filled in with pink extracellular material.
The pattern of glomerulosclerotic distribution in FSGS is focal and segmental. The term focal (as opposed to diffuse) refers to only some glomeruli displaying changes while the term segmental (as opposed to global) refers to portions of an individual glomeruli being involved rather than the entire glomerulus which again, you can see nicely in the top image.
To make matters more complex there are five recognized FSGS histologic subtypes:
1. Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) variant
2. Collapsing variant
3. Tip variant
4. Cellular variant
5. Perihilar variant
Each of these has pathogenic and prognostic implications which we'll leave for another post.
In the clinician's world the FSGS histologic pattern is seen in the disease states of primary (or idiopathic) FSGS and secondary FSGS which has multiple associated etiologies (genetic, infectious, drug induced, nephron loss from a variety of other renal diseases and so on). Distinguishing between primary and secondary forms is important because while primary disease is treated with immunnosuppressives, secondary disease treatment involves general CKD management and addressing the associated illness.
Clinically primary FSGS often presents with the insidious onset nephrotic syndrome. Microscopic dysmorphic hematuria is found in roughly half of cases. At presentation, around a third have hypertension and a quarter have impaired renal function. Individuals with continued nephrotic syndrome despite therapy often progress to the need for renal replacement therapy. Secondary forms of FSGS are less likely to present with nephrotic syndrome though exceptions do exist (eg HIV associated secondary FSGS with collapsing variant histology).
The image at the top is taken from the July NephSap which, if you haven't seen it yet, is a fantastic must read. For ASN members it's available online here.
Thursday, August 11, 2011
Guyton was right all along: The primacy of the kidneys (and NaCl) in causing essential hypertension
Mind the Gap
As Nate mentioned in a previous post, the urinary anion gap is helpful in differentiating whether a non-gap acidosis is of renal or extra-renal origin.
Urinary Anion Gap = Na + K – Cl
Because the major cation in the urine is NH4, this gives you a rough estimate of the NH4 level. In the setting of a distal RTA, the urine NH4 should be low and therefore there should be a positive anion gap. The problem with this test is that if there is some other unmeasured anion (e.g. ketoacids or hippurate following glue-sniffing) or even if the patient's diet leads to significant changes in PO4 or SO4 excretion, it can be very inaccurate. One alternative suggested by Mitch Halperin is to measure the urinary osmolar gap. This is more useful because it detects the NH4 excretion regardless of the anion that is excreted along with it.
Urine Osmolar Gap = measured Uosm – calculated Uosm
Calculated Uosm = 2(Na + K) + Urea (mmol) + Glucose (mmol)
Because the other major cation in the urine is NH4 and this must be matched by an accompanying anion, most of the gap is therefore made up of NH4, giving you this formula.
Urinary NH4 = Urinary Osmolar Gap/2
The osmolar gap must be divided by two in order to account for the anion being excreted with NH4. Of course, this would all be easier if we could measure the NH4 directly. In our hospital, the assay for measuring NH4 is an enzymatic method using glutamate dehydrogenase. The lab was not able to give me a specific answer as to why they could not use this test on urine but looking around the net, it appears that it is not useful for measuring large quantities of NH4. The normal value in the serum is <35 µmol/L while in the setting of a metabolic acidosis, urine levels should be >200 mmol/day, orders of magnitude higher. So it seems for the moment that we are stuck with the osmolar gap as the best estimate in many hospitals.
Ref: Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Physiology, Halperin 2010
Monday, August 8, 2011
A suPAR breakthrough in FSGS
Wednesday, August 3, 2011
Cardiovascular mortality after transplantation - Are we doing a good enough job?
Nonetheless, more than 45% of kidney allografts are lost due to death with a functioning graft, a striking number that wonders if we are doing a good enough job in selecting our potential recipients. The main cause of death after transplantation is cardiovascular disease and transplant recipients are at increased risk due to both traditional as well as transplant-specific risk factors (Figure 2).
In fact, recent analysis suggested that the traditional CV risk factors add little predictive value regarding development of coronary heart disease after transplantation. The most important transplant-specific predictors of cardiovascular events included duration of pre-transplant dialysis, new onset diabetes after transplantation and history of delayed graft function and/or acute rejection. Immunosuppressive drugs play a major role in some of these factors. In addition, advanced age, sex, race and obesity were also included to compose the PORT risk score, which predicts the probability of developing coronary heart disease after transplantation. This score performed better than the Framingham equation in the transplant population with a c-Statistic value of around 0.8.
In addition to patient selection, the post-transplant medical care is essential. A surprising observation came from Dr Gaston and colleagues' work that evaluated the use of cardioprotective medications in kidney transplant recipients. Fewer than 30% of hypertensive patients with CV disease or diabetes were taking an ACEI/ARB 6 months post-transplantation, the use of aspirin was uncommon and statins were only prescribed in half of patients. We know that there are challenges with the use of ACEI/ARB in the initial period after transplantation due to its potential confusing effect with creatinine elevation. A meta-analysis comparing the effect of these agents with the traditional calcium channel blocker (amlodipine) showed that ACEI/ARB were associated with a decrease in GFR and a lower hematocrit, though proteinuria was significantly decreased and potassium levels were not affected.
Despite their conclusion that there were insufficient data to determine the effect of ACEI/ARB on patient or graft survival, I strongly believe that extrapolating the literature from other populations is necessary due to the poor quality of trials so far. Diabetics and patients with proteinuria or history of heart failure/myocardial infarction would, in particular, benefit from those agents, in addition to statin/ASA once their kidney function has stabilized after transplantation. Highly opinion-based for now but hopefully new trials will be addressing this important question soon and meanwhile there is lots of room for improvement in the cardiovascular care after transplantation.
Monday, August 1, 2011
GnRH analogues for prevention of premature ovarian failure
Various glomerulonephritides unfortunately often require treatment with chemotherapeutic agents, such as cyclophosphamide. A potential adverse effect of these agents in females of child-bearing age, is premature ovarian failure. Nate previously posted about this. Since then, there have been a couple of papers published that address this dilemma further.
A meta-analysis of six randomized controlled trials reported that GnRH treated women had a higher odds of return of spontaneous menstruation than those not treated (OR 3.46; 95% CI 1.13 – 10.57), but this did not translate into a significant difference in the rate of spontaneous pregnancy after chemotherapy. However, many people are cautious in the interpretation of these results, given the small sample size in the trials, heterogeneity of protocols and varying follow-up times.
More recently, a randomized trial of triptorelin vs standard care in women with breast cancer was published. This study, performed in Italy, randomized 133 women to GnRH and 148 to standard care. Subjects were reviewed one year after the last cycle of chemotherapy for occurrence of early menopause (defined as no resumption of menstrual bleeding and postmenopausal levels of FSH and estradiol one year after cessation of chemotherapy).
The rate of early menopause was 25.9% in standard care vs 8.9% in the GnRH group (p for difference <0.001).
Whilst encouraging, these findings must be tempered by the fact that recovery of menses does not directly translate to fertility (limited data was available for this cohort at the time of publication). Furthermore, the chemotherapeutic regimens used, dosing and the duration of treatment make it hard to generalize the findings to a 'nephrology disease' population. There are alternative methods available, with somewhat stronger recommendations from experts in the field – these include embryonic cryopreservation.


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Number: 109-12
Date: December 23, 2005
Conference Report Passes on H.R. 1815
The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2006
On December 21, 2005, the Senate agreed to the conference report on H.R. 1815, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2006, by a voice vote. The House of Representatives passed the conference report on December 19, 2005, by a vote of 374-41. The bill now goes to the President, who is expected to sign it into law.
The conference-reported bill includes the following provision of interest to SSA.
Extension of Eligibility for SSI for Certain Individuals in Families that Include Members of the Reserve and National Guard
Would provide that individuals who were made ineligible for SSI because of their spouses or parent(s) being called to active military duty would not have to file a new application for SSI benefits if they again could be eligible for benefits before the end of 24 consecutive months of ineligibility.
(Currently, individuals ineligible for SSI for 12 or more consecutive months must reapply in order to become eligible for SSI.)
Would be effective upon enactment.


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US doctor with Ebola says he's recovering
ATLANTA (AP) — An American doctor infected with Ebola while working in western Africa says he is "recovering in every way" and holding onto the hope of a reunion with his family.
Dr. Kent Brantly remained hospitalized Friday at Emory University Hospital in Atlanta. His comments came in a statement issued through the Christian aid group Samaritan's Purse.
In the statement, Brantly expresses gratitude for the health care professionals who are treating him with "compassionate, world-class care," adding he is "more grateful every day to the Lord for sparing my life."
Brantly and a second American, Nancy Writebol, were flown out of Liberia earlier this month and are being treated in an isolation unit at the Atlanta hospital. The two were infected while working at a missionary clinic outside Liberia's capital.


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The Bhagavad-Gita: Krishna's Counsel in Time of War
Translated by Barbara Stoler Miller
(Bantam Classic, 2004)
The First Teaching
Arjuna's Dejection
Sanjaya, tell me what my sons and the sons of Pandu did when they met, wanting to battle on the field of Kuru, on the field of sacred duty?
Your son Duryodhana, the king, seeing the Pandava forces arrayed, approached his teacher Drona and spoke in command.
"My teacher, see the great Pandava army arrayed by Drupada's son, your pupil, intent on revenge.
Here are heroes, mighty archers equal to Bhima and Arjuna in warfare, Yuyudhana, Virata, and Drupada, your sworn foe on his great chariot.
Here too are Dhrishtaketu, Cekitana, and the brave king of Benares; Purujit, Kuntibhoja, and the manly king of the Shibis.
Yudhamanyu is bold, and Uttamaujas is brave; the sons of Subhadra and Draupadi all command great chariots.
Now, honored priest, mark the superb men on our side as I tell you the names of my leaders.
They are you and Bhishma, Karna and Kripa, a victor in battles, your own son Ashvatthama, Vikarna, and the son of Somadatta.
Many other heroes also risk their lives for my sake, bearing varied weapons and skilled in the ways of war.
Guarded by Bhishma, the strength of our army is without limit; but the strength of their army, guarded by Bhima, is limited.
In all the movements of battle, you and your men, stationed according to plan, must guard Bhishma well!"
Bhishma, fiery elder of the Kurus, roared his lion's roar and blew his conch horn, exciting Duryodhana's delight.
Conches and kettledrums, cymbals, tabors, and trumpets were sounded at once and the din of a tumult arose.
Standing on their great chariot yoked with white stallions, Krishna and Arjuna, Pandu's son, Sounded their divine conches.
Krishna blew Pancajanya, won from a demon; Arjuna blew Devadatta, a gift of the gods; fierce wolf-bellied Bhima blew Paundra, his great conch of the east.
Yudhishthira, Kunti's son, the king, blew Anantavijaya, conch of boundless victory; his twin brothers Nakula and Sahadeva blew conches resonant and jeweled-toned.
The king of Benares, a superb archer, and Shikhandin on his great chariot, Drishtadyumna, Virata, and indomitable Satyaki, all blew their conches.
Drupada, with his five grandsons, and Subhadra's strong-armed son, each in his turn blew their conches, O, King.
The noise tore the hearts of Dhritarashtra's sons, and tumult echoed through heaven and earth.
Arjuna, his war flag a rampant monkey, saw Dhritarashtra's sons assembled as weapons were ready to clash, and he lifted his bow.
He told his charioteer: "Krishna, halt my chariot between the armies!
Far enough for me to see these men who lust for war, ready to fight with me in the strain of battle.
I see men gathered here, eager to fight, bent on serving the folly of Dhritarashtra's son."
When Arjuna had spoken Krishna halted their splendid chariot between the armies.
Facing Bhishma and Drona and all the great kings, he said, "Arjuna, see the Kuru men assembled here!"
Arjuna saw them standing there: fathers, grandfathers, teachers, uncles, brothers, sons, grandsons, and friends.
He surveyed his elders and companions in both armies, all his kinsmen assembled together.
Dejected, filled with strange pity, he said this: "Krishna, I see my kinsmen gathered here, wanting war.
My limbs sink, my mouth is parched, my body trembles, the hair bristles on my flesh.
The magic bow slips from my hand, my skin burns, I cannot stand still. my mind reels.
I see omens of chaos, Krishna; I see no good in killing my kinsmen in battle.
Krishna, I seek no victory, or kingship or pleasures. What use to us are kingship, delights, or life itself?
We sought kingship, delights and pleasures for the sake of those assembled to abandon their lives and fortunes in battle.
They are teachers, fathers, sons, and grandfathers, uncles, grandsons, fathers and brothers of wives, and other men of our family.
I do not want to kill them even if I am killed, Krishna; not for kingship of all three worlds, much less for the earth!
What joy is there for us, Krishna in killing Dhritarashtra's sons? Evil will haunt us if we kill them, though their bows are drawn to kill.
Honor forbids us to kill our cousins, Dhritarashtra's sons; how can we know happiness if we kill our own kinsmen?
The greed that distorts their reason blinds them to the sin they commit in ruining the family, blinds them to the crime of betraying friends.
How can we ignore the wisdom of turning from this evil when we see the sin of family destruction, Krishna?
When the family is ruined, the timeless laws of family duty perish; and when duty is lost, chaos overwhelms the family.
In overwhelming chaos, Krishna, women of the family are corrupted; and when women are corrupted, disorder is born in society.
This disorder drags the violators and the family itself into hell; for ancestors fall when rites of offering rice and water lapse.
The sins of men who violate the family create disorder in society that undermines the constant laws of caste and family duty.
Krishna, we have heard that a place in hell is reserved for men who undermine family duties.
I lament the great sin we commit when our greed for kinship and pleasures drives us to kill our kinsmen.
If Dhritarashtra's armed sons kill me in battle when I am unarmed and offer no resistance, it will be my reward."
Saying this in the time of war, Arjuna slumped into the chariot and laid down his bow and arrows, his mind tormented by grief.


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Harry Redknapp predicts success for Loic Remy after QPR striker's debut goal
Harry Redknapp took encouragement from Loic Remy's debut goal as his QPR side left West Ham with a 1-1 draw.
Last Updated: 20/01/13 10:48am
Remy put Rangers ahead 14 minutes into his first appearance, but a second-half Joe Cole goal rewarded West Ham's pressure and left their visitors two points adrift at the bottom.
"It was good to see him score in his first game," Redknapp said. "I thought at that stage of the game he and Adel Taarabt were going to do a bit of damage.
"Remy's got great movement off the ball and if you can get people to slide him in when he makes those runs, he will get in because he's got lightning pace and he will score some goals. He'll do okay.
"We haven't had any pace up front. If I can get Bobby Zamora fit, next week he could be around and ready to play, I think Zamora and Remy could be a real good partnership."
Redknapp also said it would be the end of February before Ryan Nelsen leaves to take up a new job as FC Toronto manager.
He said: "He's a great pro, a good centre-half. We're going to lose him unfortunately, start of March, end of February."


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On the fringes of Dayton society, where a cardboard box provides shelter and a dumpster a meal, people suffering from mental illness and a substance abuse problem are not likely to know the name Melissa Jones. But those who have been referred to the Consumer Advocacy Model (CAM) know about the unique treatment program she directs for them. Located in a nondescript two-story building on Dayton's east side, CAM is a clinical component of the Center for Intervention, Treatment, and Addictions Research and the SARDI Program within WSU's Boonshoft School of Medicine.
At CAM, the numbers tell the story but the services are about the individual:
The Numbers:
- One in five American families is affected by mental illness.
- Nearly 50 percent of those with a mental illness also have a substance abuse problem.
- On average it takes seven failed attempts at recovery before success.
The Individuals:
- An bipolar alcoholic who is on probation and has no job, car, or food in the house.
- A victim of domestic violence with a traumatic brain injury uses drugs to cope with the violence in her life.
- A homeless person who is wheelchair bound and smokes crack.
"What differentiates CAM from other treatment facilities is that we offer interdisciplinary dual-disorder treatment," said Jones. She has been CAM's clinical director for four and a half years.
"We treat consumers who may have a physical or cognitive disability, a mental illness, a substance abuse issue—or a combination of the three," she said. "We provide holistic care. It is extremely important that we understand that addiction and mental illness can be managed. We have to begin to break down as best we can the stigma that can shroud our consumers' lives."


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Home >> Course Descriptions >> College of Education
Instructional Applications of Interactive Video
Three semester credit hours.
This course deals with the use of analog and digital video in the design and creation of instructional materials. Students will explore how interactive video resources can be located, designed, created, modified, and integrated into the educational process. Video production, editing and post-production in a digital, non-linear environment and net video streaming will be emphasized. Prerequisite: Six semester hours of graduate level EDIT coursework or permission of instructor.
Home - General Information - Student Services -
Academic Undergraduate Regulations -
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Appendix A - Appendix B - Appendix C - Appendix D


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On May 31, Woodrow and Viola Cook will be celebrating 63 years of marriage. They were married in 1946.
They have three children; daughters, Shirley Wilson and Brenda Fornash, both of Dry Ridge and son, James Kenneth Cook of Pinellas Park, Fla. They have six grandchildren and seven great-grandchildren.
Cards and letters are welcome to help them celebrate. No gifts, please. Send cards to 107 Falmouth Street, Williamstown, Ky. 41097.
Gary and Pam Hutchinson of Dry Ridge would like to announce the marriage of their daughter, Krystal Kay Hutchinson to Bradley Gerald Borggren, son of Jerry and Helen Borggren of Little Rock, Ark.
The wedding took place April 4, 2009 on Tybee Island in Georgia. A reception is being planned from 2 to 5 p.m. May 23 at the Grant County Farm Bureau in Williamstown.
The bride is a 2000 graduate from Grant County High School and a 2004 graduate from Campbellsville University. She has recently served as a journeymen missionary in Mali, West Africa.
Every year, the U.S. Postal Service and Bass Pro Shops sponsor the National Wildlife Service's Junior Duck Stamp Contest. It is an opportunity for all students, from kindergarten to 12 grade, to design a postage stamp featuring a duck, swan, or goose in the hopes of being chosen as the next collectible federal Junior Duck Stamp. Not only do students get to practice their artistic skills, but they also learn about wetlands, waterfowl and land conservation.
Kenny Ball is returning to familiar turf – helping wounded soldiers in Iraq or Afghanistan.
Ball joined the Navy in 2000. He spent one tour in Iraq as a corpsman with an infantry battalion from January 2003 to June 2003.
His was released in January 2007 in time for the birth of his son, Kelvin.
He joined the National Guard as a reservist in February 2007 and knew there was a good possibility he'd be going back.
Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Perkins of Mayfield, Ky. announce the engagement and forthcoming marriage of their daughter, Jennifer Beth Perkins to Nicholas Allen Keitz, son of Mr. and Mrs. Rick Keitz of Dry Ridge.
The wedding is being planned for 6:30 p.m. June 6 at First Baptist Church in Mayfield, Ky. A reception will follow at Mayfield-Graves Country Club.
The bride is a 1999 graduate of Mayfield High School. She is also a 2003 graduate of the University of Kentucky. She is employed by Power Creative in Louisville.
Kevin Hanington of Indiana and Susan Hanington of Howell, Mich. announce the engagement and forthcoming marriage of their daughter, Amanda Hanington to Anthony Lab, son of Richard and Brenda Hutchinson of Grant County.
The wedding is being planned for 6 p.m. May 30, 2009, at Florence Nature Park.
The bride is a 2001 graduate of Ryle High School. She is also a graduate of Northern Kentucky University. She is employed by Fifth Third Bank.
The Captain John Lillard Chapter KSDAR, Dry Ridge, held their annual awards day reception April 11.
The good citizenship awards were presented to the first and second place winners of the essay contest. The subject of their essay was "Our American Heritage and Our Responsibility for Preserving It."
Chris and KrisAnn Hall of Dry Ridge announce the birth of their fifth child.
Aubrie Kate Hall was born at 7:04 p.m. on Feb. 2, 2009, at St. Elizabeth Medical Center.
She weighed 7 pounds, 11 ounces and was 19.75 inches long.
Her maternal grandparents are Patricia Willoughby of Dry Ridge and the late William Willoughby Jr.
Her maternal great grandmother is Emma Willoughby of Williamstown.
Her paternal grandparents are Mary Jo Keith of Dry Ridge and the late Tim Hall of Dry Ridge.
Her paternal great grandmother is Jean Ruby of Dry Ridge.
Bill and Susie Brumback of Williamstown announce the engagement and forthcoming marriage of their daughter, Megan Elizabeth Brumback to Jamie Brian Maddy, son of David and Carolyn Nerl of Alexandria.
The wedding is being planned for 5:30 p.m. May 23 at Stonewood Gardens in Falmouth. A reception will follow after the ceremony.
The bride is a 2002 graduate of Williamstown High School. She is also a 2006 graduate of Midway College. She is a second grade teacher at Southern Elementary in Falmouth.
John and Cindy Harris of Williamstown announce the engagement and forthcoming marriage of their daughter, Katrina Whitney Harris to Justin Lee Greene, son of Darrell and Donna Greene of Dry Ridge. The wedding is being planned at Grassy Run Baptist Church. The couple has not set a date.
The bride is a 2006 graduate of Holmes High School. She is an elementary education major at Georgetown College.
The groom is a 2003 graduate of Pendleton County High School. He is also a 2008 graduate of Northern Kentucky University. He is employed by Great American Insurance.
Copyright © 2019
The Grant County News is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Dry Ridge, KY and the surrounding area.


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Cro Show.
David Harris
Muhammad Wilkerson
Antonio Cromartie
Someone else
Poll attached:
The choices are:
A) David Harris
B) Muhammad Wilkerson
C) Antonio Cromartie
D) Someone else
If you pick someone else, be nice enough to post a reply in the thread and elaborate on your choice.
For me it's a toss up between Harris & Wilkerson.
Last edited by ARodFLKeysJetsFan; 06-29-2013 at 06:56 PM.
Cro Show.
Cromartie. Clearly our best player at this point. And he hates Tom Brady, can't overlook that
Cro has become a new player without Revis. He's taken the backfield as his own. He has amazing skills, and any move that can nourish his new found commitment should be made. It's kind of the same idea as the one behind making Holmes a captain, except Cro actually earned it. I think it would help him, as much as it does the defense.
If/when Wilk signs his next contract with the Jets he should be made a captain.
I want Brains before anything else from my captain. Harris
I think any of the 3 are worthy, particularly Cro the way he has stepped up as a player and a leader since Revis became injured then was traded. If I only get one choice though, it's Wilkerson. This team is now all about building for long-term success and he is the guy who will be a star on this team for years to come. Making him captain would help usher in a new era for the Jets, and it's not outside the realm of possibilities that neither Harris nor Cromartie are even on the team in 2014.
It's not in the spirit of the question, but I'd actually prefer making both Cro and Mo captains, because it would be a slap in Cro's face to leave him out.
Last edited by MykePM; 06-29-2013 at 08:11 PM.
Revis all the way!
I'd say Demario Davis will become the leader of this defense soon.
None. Captains are dumb in pro sports unless you happen to have a Ray Lewis-type of figure around nobody cares.
Whoever the players elect.
If you have to have captains, it should be a team vote so you don't have ludicrous situations like Rex picking Holmes.
I am okay with any two players one offense and one defense. The players must be the ones who choose them not the coaching staff.
While I really like the thought of Wilk on D, he is still too young, but one day soon. Cro in my humble opinion has earn the leadership of his team mates, yet, it's still up to them
Hands down for me if I was an offensive player it would have to be Mangold.


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Posted by Hans Beringer on September 06, 1997 at 19:18:54:
In Reply to: Re: SSA Response (July 14, 1997) to my Affidavits of Rescision! posted by John Hockman on July 18, 1997 at 19:47:10:
: It would seem to me that one has to determine what definition of United States is cited in this reply. Is it the united States of America or is it the federal U.S. and its authorized possessions etc. Also it would be nice to find out what the "Unless excluded by law" statement means.
: It wouls seem obvious that the whole truth is not being told here. Excluded by law could mean people who do not sign up for the program. Can't tax someone who doesn't want to participate and the S.S. Adm. has stated in previous correspndence that it is voluntary and that no one has to get the number to work here.
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