text:
Scholars catalog ancient manuscripts to preserve 4,000-year history of India
2005-06-26 04:00:00 PDT New Delhi -- In the walled quarters of the old city, a Sanskrit language scholar walks purposefully along the packed, narrow and twisting alleyways, jostling past rows of jewelry shoppers, cycle rickshaws, bullock carts and beggars.
When he comes upon an old temple with an ornately carved doorway, he stops, sweating profusely in the sweltering sun.
"Do you have any ancient handwritten manuscripts here?" Dilipkumar Rana, the scholar, asks in a whisper. The stunned temple manager nods. "The government is doing a survey of old manuscripts," Rana says.
"But I have very few left now," temple manager Jaipal Jain says. "I threw many old manuscripts into the river last year."
"Why?" Rana asks anxiously.
"I had put them in the attic. Last year during the monsoon, the ceiling leaked. And the water destroyed many of the manuscripts," Jain says, sighing. "White ants attacked some others."
And so it goes, as India's 30,000 manuscript hunters fan out nationwide, seeking the nation's heritage in old temples, madrassas, mosques, monasteries, libraries and homes.
Launched two years ago, the National Mission for Manuscripts is a five- year project to catalog for the first time India's ancient documentary wealth and ensure that basic conservation practices are followed to halt their rapid decay. Officials say that India is the largest repository of manuscripts in the world, with an estimated 5 million texts in hundreds of languages.
Linguistic scholars and history students involved in this adventurous hunt for ancient volumes use not only expertise but also social skills, coaxing and cultural sensitivity to gain access to manuscripts.
After Rana takes off his shoes and washes his hands, he prays at the shrine. Then Jain leads him to the temple's dimly lighted manuscript room. He opens a creaky steel cupboard and reveals rows of old texts, bundled in yellow cotton cloth. Rana cautiously holds some pages up to the window light to examine the writing.
"It is in Prakrit language," he says, referring to a popular dialect of classical Sanskrit, no longer spoken. "The period is early 1600s. It prescribes a model code of living for Jain monks," a religious order that arose with Buddhism in the sixth century B.C.
The manuscript project's officials say the nationwide survey will open a window to India's ancient knowledge systems: religion, astronomy, astrology, art, architecture, science, literature, philosophy and mathematics.
"We are creating a manuscript map of India. The survey will present new facets to our intellectual heritage," says Sudha Gopalakrishnan, chief of the National Mission for Manuscripts. The project will not take the volumes from their owners but merely document what is available and help in conservation.
"The key abstracts of all the ancient knowledge found in our manuscripts will be available digitally for the world to see," Gopalakrishnan says.
Art historians are eagerly watching this massive cataloguing process, hoping for new clues to India's past.
"What we find will answer many nagging doubts about our knowledge tradition," says Lokesh Chandra, an art historian and manuscript scholar. "For example, we came very close to modern mathematics in the 8th century. But what happened after that? Why was there a hiatus in the evolution of ideas in India? How did we miss the bus to the future?"
In the 18th century, some European scholars began translating ancient Sanskrit and Buddhist manuscripts and made them accessible to the world. Many valuable manuscripts were taken out of the country and are now in European libraries and private collections.
Chandra says unearthing the manuscripts will also forge national pride for India's 4,000-year history and will "give us a psychological boost for future advances."
The oldest manuscripts that India possesses are a set of sixth century Buddhist texts that were found buried in the hills of Kashmir about 60 years ago. In the last two years, the surveyors have found rare ancient Sanskrit and Arabic treatises on such subjects as diabetes, astrophysics, interpretation of dreams, surgical instruments, concepts of time and the art of war. A 400-year- old handwritten Koran was found in a locket measuring 3 inches.
But Gopalakrishnan says manuscripts are being lost at an alarming rate because of neglect and ignorance. Most ancient manuscripts, found on paper, palm leaves, birch bark, cloth, wood and stone, are languishing because of improper care in this humid, tropical and dusty country.
"By the time we find them, they are moth-eaten, edges falling apart, attacked by fungus," says Ritu Jain, a conservator with the manuscript project. She recently discovered a yellowing and brittle 18th century Arabic manuscript on a traditional Islamic healing procedure in a dusty, cobweb- filled corner of a college library in New Delhi.
"I shudder in pain when I hold them," she says. "Some pages are so fragile that they just become powder in our hands."
The manuscript mission also trains librarians, private collectors and temple priests in conservation, advising them to keep the documents wrapped in starch-free cotton and in a space free of dust and moisture. Basic training is also given in chemical conservation. But few homes and temples handle the religious manuscripts with reverence and ritual purity. Some also follow indigenous methods of preservation such as using margosa leaves, clove and black pepper.
On a recent morning, an Arabic scholar at the mission office received a letter from a New Delhi resident, Afzal-ur-Rahman, who wanted his decaying ancestral collection of Arabic literature examined by experts.
Later, as a scholar leafed through the frayed, fungus-infected pages of a book about the nuances of Arabic grammar, Rahman, 61, spoke of his great- grandfather, whose literary work was honored by a Mughal king in the early 1800s.
"I am emotionally attached to these manuscripts," he says. "It is a family heirloom. I never let anyone touch it. But it contains knowledge that must be shared with the world."


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You unwrap your freshly dyed yarn and it is just how you wanted it! Even a blind squirrel gets a nut heh? Here they are before re-skeining, soon to be listed in my etsy-store
Every once in a while it happens.......Posted by My8kidsmom
You unwrap your freshly dyed yarn and it is just how you wanted it! Even a blind squirrel gets a nut heh? Here they are before re-skeining, soon to be listed in my etsy-store
Wool to dyePosted by My8kidsmom
I love the days that are set aside for dyeing! Today I will be dyeing some beautiful worsted weight yarn. Many of those who entered the contest suggested I needed more green so today I am starting with green. I have my handy color wheel out and am making plans. After lunch the dyeing will begin!
My kids make me sick......Posted by My8kidsmom
Another cold! Errrrr!
I have been happily busy though:
- I have finished chapter two of Knit One, Kill Two (more here)
- I have started the "official farm blog" www.countingsheepfarm.blogspot.com
- Two new yarns skeined and ready for etsy.
- I started blending pygora and merino I am spinning for Allison.
- I have started cleaning the nightmare that is my office/sewing room. I even have my serger unburied! (and I found my lost beads!....but not my marbles)
Here is a plug for a dear friend: Jane wrote a book called Maidenshawl. She will be at Knit Michigan signing it! (I'll be there too, come say hi!) For you knitters there is a pattern written by Marla Mutch included :)
A tangled mess!Posted by My8kidsmom
Honestly, life could be easier. What started as a simple attempt at re-skeining turned into a complete mess. As soon as I finish untangling this sock yarn will be listed in my etsy shop but it won't be today as I had hoped :( These are bad pictures (which are the kind I take best) but the colorway is called Fierce Tiger and has lots of lovely oranges, yellows and deep dark blue.
Okay everyone pop quiz: Who is my favorite Indie dyer? No.....I'm not my favorite indie dyer (but I really would like to be yours! Please?
Oh and I have started reading again. I would love to have you read along! Details here.
Still taking bad pictures......Posted by My8kidsmom
Part of it may be my camera, it is slowly dying, but I am sure a lot of it is lack of technique. Here are the latest pics (taken with macro and a tripod). They still aren't as clear as I would like :( I have ordered a copy of Digital Photography for Dummies and I am hoping that will help me out a bit.
This colorway is called Vanity and is the latest edition to my Etsy Store
Thanks to all of you who have entered the contest! So far I have 34 entries between the blog and the Ravelry group! I want all of you to know how much you have helped me! There is still a lot of work to do but I finally feel like I have some direction instead of floundering :) There is still time to enter click here.
The Stone Soup ChallengePosted by My8kidsmom
Starting out as an Indie Dyer isn't the easiest thing I have ever done. The learning process required when starting to dye and the difficulty in learning to market and take decent pictures is compounded by the difficult state of the economy. It can be a bit disappointing at times. But no one ever succeeded that never tried. So I am hanging in there doing the best I can for myself and for my customers.
Artist Laura Bray of Katydid Designs decided the best way to ride out the storm is to help each other and issued The Stone Soup Challenge. Each participant agrees to spend a certain percentage of their net sales at another participating Etsy Shop. I will be participating through my etsy shop. If you would like to join visit the Stone Soup Challenge Blog to get more information.
For those of you who don't operate an Etsy shop, remember the little guys like me when you are spending your hard earned money....... we sure appreciate it.
Frustrated!Posted by My8kidsmom
to 760X100 (or whatever size it is). I have been trying for days and no luck. I am graphically challenged! Between these banners and my picture taking difficulty (I still am not happy with my pictures on etsy) I am ready to scream!
Here's some cuteness to soothe me.......
New Handspun for customer......Posted by My8kidsmom
This is the Peppermint Leaves Roving spun into single ply worsted weight.
I also added another lace weight yarn to my etsy shop:
It started out as a crummy day but......Posted by My8kidsmom
I got fiber!!! Courtesy of Allison of Great Lakes Pygora. She needs some spinning done and I have a love for blending my Cormo with pygora so we did some bartering. :) Here's a sample of what I will be blending the pygora with then spinning for her:
And what I get to keep for me:
Why did it start out crummy??? Well, EVERYONE in the house knows Friday is Spin Guild Day and you don't mess with Spin Guild Day. It's like messing with the Emperor's groove, but worse..... Anyway, my sweet husband changed a couple of schedules around and left me with no sitters. I did at least get to run to the shop to pick up my fiber from Allison and to pick up my bunnies (yep, new English Angoras only six weeks old! Check them out here.) I am in love with my bunny (Twila got one too!) and the fiber cheered me up. Even if I do have to give most of it back when I am done; it's going to be a dream to spin. Oh and the husband did call and apologize for messing up the Empress' groove, well at least for making her cry. I mean honestly, how do you forget about spin guild?
A little fiber happiness.....Posted by My8kidsmom
I love when I can post new things to my etsy shop! Here's the latest from last night's dye job:
The sock yarn is called Hot and Cold and has dark red and purple colors interrupted by white, blue and coral. The colorways for the Merino Comb Tops are called "Hope" and "Beautiful Path" in honor of today's events and Americans in general ;)
Here is a pic of last night's handspun: Third eye by Yarnhollow. I considered posted this on etsy too but I think I want to keep it!
I get sick of thinking of catchy titles!Posted by My8kidsmom
I am just no good at it! Here are some pictures of what I have been up to though......
I washed a mystery fleece for Jane. Here it is before:
And after:
Can't tell a difference?
I am not sure what breed this is and neither it Jane. I am guessing Lincoln but I am really iffy on that. Any ideas?
On the spindle I have camel!
This fiber is really stretching me because it is so short. I would really have a hard time spinning this on the wheel!
On the wheels: the Elizabeth is still moving slowly through the pygora. It's a dream to spin but I feel too lazy to dehair with the combs. On the Joy I just finished sock yarn with a merino tencel blend from Yarnhollow. Next up is my own hand dyed roving, Peppermint Leaves. I am spinning it into worsted weight for an Etsy customer.
Purty huh?
And finally on the needles I have the Silken Scabbard. I just need to finish the arm and add a little more length and I am all done! I really love this pattern and I think I will do it again but with the short sleeves and opera gloves.
I apologize for typos and general incoherence.......it is 11:00 and I am still working on tonight's dye job.
Working on Banners.....Posted by My8kidsmom
This morning has been spent working on banners and grooming bunnies. The bunnies weren't cooperating (and one must have slept under his water bottle because part of his fur was wet) so I gave them some lettuce and went to work on banners. This is what I have come up with so far...... I would love to hear what you think!
BTW the contest for a skein of hand dyed sock yarn is still going until Feb. 1st. If you want to join in the details are here There are 26 enteries so far!!!
May 8th is the official date for Shearing Day at The Counting Sheep Farm. The LaGuilde Spinners will be there so if you would like to learn to spin (or you just would like to spin with us for the day!) please stop by. Knitters are welcome too! We will have a limited number of fleeces available from our flock of Cormo, Jacob and Finn Sheep but it is really limited so first come, first serve.
New Contest!!!Posted by My8kidsmom
For those of you on Ravelry please help me out! In February I will have an ad there for my Etsy Store. Needless to say I want everything to look fabulous so I can start making some money to support these fiber animals!
Really, the sheep need your help! For Contest details click here!
Not on Ravelry? Leave a comment here. Just be sure that a. I can find you again should you win, b. that you leave at least one negative comment (don't make me cry please but helpful suggestions are important) and c. that you comment on at least three aspects of the store (such as banner, pictures, colorways, professionalism etc....)
The Spinner Stops for No One!!!!Posted by My8kidsmom
Okay, I do but it was such a good title I couldn't resist. Anyway I have been busy spinning
This lovely fiber was sent to me by a fellow mod on Ravelry from The Loopy Ewe and I love, love, love it!!!! It is Targhee (did I spell that right? oh well) in the colorway Indian Corn.
This lovely blue fiber came from The Spinning Wheel Yarn Shop and although I equally love, love, love it when it's done.....I find it a bit tedious to spin only because I am spinning it lace weight. It is destined for a sweater from an issue of Interweave knits.
On the needles I have the Silken Scabbard (love, love, love again) and a pair of fingerless mitts. I will have to check on the links......
On the fibery farm side I have Shearing Day scheduled for our farm but I am considering changing it from a Friday to a Saturday........ BTW visit our farm website and let me know what you think!
Oh and shameless plug.....check out my etsy store. I'm broke :)
The days go by so quickly........Posted by My8kidsmom
Today is a cranky day I am sorry to say :( No good reason just general bad mood you know.....
The kids aren't listening, the house is a wreck, the wireless router won't work, family conflicts rose up their head and I overate again. Errrrr........ oh yeah, and I can't find my camera so I can't take any pics of the lovely handspun I plied today.......
The morning was spent at Spin Guild and that was lovely as usual. Jane lost a bunny so she was sad. I was sad too but I was happy that it wasn't MY bunny that died. (We think mommy dearest killed it) Here is a picture of Jane and my new bun:
As I mentioned early I plied some lace weight yarn for a sweater I am planning on knitting from Interweave knits. Next I have a beautiful roving that I am planning to spin given to me by a fellow moderator on Ravelry (I would show you a picture but ya know the CAMERA IS LOST!).
The afternoon was spent feeding the animals, all 17 sheep, 6 horses, 3 bunnies, 3 dogs and umpteen cats. (that was nice though and I always have help from um, all the kids) Then it was time for the Angoras to get footloose in the house while they took turns being groomed.
The rest of the night was spent making dinner and uploading things on the etsy page. One sale so far (thanks Linda), I am optimistic for more but still have a lot of work to do. Particularly the pictures......if I could find my camera!
I've built a banner!Posted by My8kidsmom
I am pretty okay with this banner:
I did it all by myself any way :) You will see it on Ravelry in February.
On the crafty side I have been a busy fiber beaver! Monday was spent washing Cormo and dyeing :) (I love to tell the kids to leave me alone while I dye.....) then yesterday and today was spent at the carder blending. I have lovely things to show:
The Handmade MovementPosted by My8kidsmom
Have you seen this website? If you haven't you must! Basically they look for a seller on etsy that has little or no sales and they do a "sneak attack" where everyone goes at a certain time and date and buys whatever they can. I just love it!
Don't bother me I am busy dyeing.....Posted by My8kidsmom
On top you see lucious cormo. Just plain yummy. On the bottom are 5 different colorways about 5 ounces each. I am really happy with how they turned out.

subset: commoncrawl


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You've conquered the single-player campaign and climbed the multiplayer ladder -- but do you have what it takes to be a StarCraft II custom map designer?
In our first-ever StarCraft II Custom Map Contest, we're challenging you to craft the most fun, creative, and polished custom map that the galaxy's ever seen.
If you think you've got the skills, fire up the StarCraft II Editor that came with your copy of the game and get started. The Editor is a powerful, robust, and complete development tool, and it's everything you'll need to build your creation. Keep in mind that we're looking for originality, innovation, and fun, so whether you want to make the next DotA, craft a mini-RPG, or concoct a third-person shooter, let your imagination run wild.
Even if you've got some experience creating custom maps, you'll want to kick your efforts into overdrive for this one, because the stakes are high. We'll be choosing three winners to represent the best of what the mapmaking community has to offer. If your custom map is one of those selected, you'll win a trip to BlizzCon 2010 (including airfare and accommodations), and BlizzCon attendees from all over the world will have a chance to play your creation in the StarCraft II demo area at the convention. Of course, it can't hurt to have some spending cash while you're in town, so we'll also throw in $5,000 prize money for each winner.
Map makers will have until September 11 to submit their entries. For full details, including submission requirements, check out the contest rules and eligibility page.
Why September 11?


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Jan 04, 2012
BIRMINGHAM, Ala.—Senior Tyler Evans and junior Nathan Haywood have been named to the National Soccer Coaches Association of America (NSCAA) College Division Men Scholar All-South Region Honorable Mention Team.
Evans is a psychology major from Panama City, Fla., who carries a 3.46 GPA; Haywood is a chemistry/pre-med major from Fairhope, Ala., with a 4.0 GPA.
"I am so honored and proud of Tyler and Nathan for their dedication and loyalty to our program as well as their academics," Head Coach Preston Goldfarb said. "Here at Birmingham-Southern we believe in the well-rounded student-athlete, and these two young men truly embody that sentiment."


text:
I have Arch Linux installed in console mode on an Intel-PC machine. My task is to write and run an OpenGL display program on the machine to check whether it meets the following conditions:
- It would take at most 10% of total CPU usage
- It would take at most 20% of total RAM
Here are more info about the device:
uname -a
3.6.5-1-ARCH #1 SMP PREEMPT Wed Oct 31 .. x86_64 GNU/Linux
cpu MHz: 1866.717 RAM: 2GB Preemptible: YES
lspci -v | grep -i graphic*
VGA compatible controller: intel corporation Mobile 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 07) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
(same for Subsystem and Graphics Controller)
Now, what I want if to install the relevant graphics driver. However, I cannot do anything as it is run in console mode. It has no X window. I try ALT+F8 but it does not start X window. also tried startx,but I get
-bash:startx: command not found
Could anyone guide me how to install the graphics driver please. Considering that I think the kernel is compiled in preemptive mode.


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The Techdirt Insight Community In Two Minutes
from the with-apologies-to-Larry-Lessig-and-Bob-Dylan deptTwo weeks ago, when we moved the Techdirt Insight Community into public beta, we also took part in a fun event called the Plug & Play Expo, which involved 32 startups explaining what their business was in two minutes. Six of those startups are then selected to do a second round presentation (including us!). I had a little fun with the presentation, combining the "Lessig Method" with a little bit of Bob Dylan (without the talent of either) after discovering we weren't allowed to use Powerpoint. A bunch of folks have asked us for a copy of the video. Unfortunately, in the original cut of the video, it's tough to see the handheld slides, so we redid the video superimposing the actual slides on the screen behind me so that people watching the video can read them. We also figured it's a good, quick way for people to understand what we're doing with the Techdirt Insight Community:
If the Techdirt Insight Community sounds interesting to you either as a company or as an expert come on over and join up.


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Music Makes A City
Music Makes A City Previous Broadcasts
KQED Plus: Sun, Nov 19, 2017 -- 11:00 AM
This film tells the inspiring story of an American city and its orchestra. In the late 1940s, Charles Farnsley, a visionary mayor in Louisville, Kentucky, embarked on an unusual scheme to save the struggling civic orchestra. His ambitious plan to commission and record new music from composers all over the world succeeded beyond all expectations -- sparking a torrent of original offerings from both famous and emerging composers of the time. The commissioning project propelled the Louisville Orchestra to Carnegie Hall and international acclaim, and made a lasting contribution to musical history. And just as Farnsley had predicted, as the orchestra's reputation grew, so did the cultural and economic life of Louisville. Narrated by Will Oldham, this story of the little orchestra on the Ohio River features interviews with composers Lukas Foss, Gunther Schuller, Elliott Carter, Chou-Wen chung and William Schuman, and a soundtrack of selected commissions recorded by the Louisville Orchestra.


text:
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This app was removed from the App Store.
Alicia Keys Photo Booth
iOS Universal Entertainment
Have you ever wanted your picture with the Alicia Keys? Well now you can have it!
Take or choose a picture from your iPhone or iPod touch, choose one of many Alicia Keys pics, and put him in next to you!
Save the photo, share it with friends, post it on facebook! You can even add more than one!
***long press images to delete***
-Resize and rotate with your fingers
-Easy to use interface
-Add more than one photo!
Show More...


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China–Japan relations
China–Japan relations (simplified Chinese: 中日关系; traditional Chinese: 中日關系; pinyin: Zhōngrì guānxì; Japanese: 日中関係史 Nitchūkankeishi) are geographically separated by the East China Sea. Japan has been strongly influenced by China with its language, architecture, culture, religion, philosophy, and law. When Western countries such as the United Kingdom and the United States forced Japan to open trading in the mid-19th century, Japan moved towards modernization (Meiji Restoration), viewing China as an antiquated civilization, unable to defend itself against Western forces in part due to the First and Second Opium Wars and Anglo-French Expeditions from the 1860s to the 1880s.
The relationship between China and Japan has been strained at times by Japan's refusal to acknowledge its wartime past to the satisfaction of China. Revisionist comments made by prominent Japanese officials and some Japanese history textbooks regarding the 1937 Nanking Massacre have been a focus of particular controversy. Sino-Japanese relations warmed considerably after Shinzo Abe became the Prime Minister of Japan in September 2006, and a joint historical study conducted by China and Japan released a report in 2010 which pointed toward a new consensus on the issue of World War 2-era atrocities.[1] However, in the early 2010s, relations deteriorated further, with Japan accusing China of withholding its reserves of valuable rare earth elements.[2] The Senkaku Islands dispute also resulted in a number of hostile encounters in the East China Sea, heated rhetoric, and riots in the People's Republic of China (PRC).
China's and Japan's economies are respectively the world's second and fourth-largest economies. In 2008, China-Japan trade grew to $266.4 billion, a rise of 12.5 percent on 2007, making China and Japan the top two-way trading partners. China was also the biggest destination for Japanese exports in 2009.
There has been an increasingly large dislike, hatred and hostility between Japanese people and Chinese people alike in recent years. According to a 2014 BBC World Service Poll, 3% of Japanese people view China's influence positively, with 73% expressing a negative view, the most negative perception of China in the world, while 5% of Chinese people view Japanese influence positively, with 90% expressing a negative view, the most negative perception of Japan in the world.[3]
- 1 1950s
- 2 1960s
- 3 1970s
- 4 1980s
- 5 1990s
- 6 2000s
- 7 2010s
- 8 Bilateral sensitive issues
- 9 VIP Inter-visits
- 10 See also
- 11 Further reading
- 12 References
- 13 External links
After the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, relations with Japan changed from hostility and an absence of contact to cordiality and extremely close cooperation in many fields. Japan was defeated and Japanese military power dismantled, but the PRC continued to view Japan as a potential threat because of the presence of United States Forces Japan in the region. One of the recurring PRC's concerns in Sino-Japanese relations has been the potential re-militarization of Japan. On the other hand, some Japanese fear that the economic and military power of the PRC has been increasing (cf. Potential superpowers#China).
The Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance included the provision that each side would protect the other from an attack by "Japan or any state allied with it" and the PRC undoubtedly viewed with alarm Japan's role as the principal US military base during the Korean War. The Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan signed in 1951 also heightened the discouragement of diplomatic relations between the two countries. Japan pushed dissension between the two countries even further by concluding a peace treaty with the PRC and establishing diplomatic relations with the Taiwanese authorities.
Like most western nations at the time, Japan had recognized Taipei as the sole legitimate Chinese government. Initially, neither country allowed its political differences to stand in the way of broadening unofficial contacts, and in the mid-1950s they exchanged an increasing number of cultural, labor, and business delegations.
Although all these things complicated the relationship between the two countries, Beijing orchestrated relations with Japanese non-governmental organizations (NGO) through primarily the Chinese People's Institute of Foreign Affairs (CPIFA). The CPIFA would receive Japanese politicians from all parties, but the Japanese left-wing parties were more interested in the PRC's initiatives. In 1952, the Chinese Commission for the Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT) was able to get a trade agreement signed by the Japanese Diet members. Liao Chengzhi, the deputy director of the State Council's Office of Foreign Affairs, was able to arrange many other agreements "such as the repatriation of Japanese prisoners of war with the Japanese Red Cross (1954), and the Fishery Agreement with the Japan-China Fishery Association (1955)."[4] During this time, the relationship between the two countries were primarily unofficial. The agreements were essential in bringing together a more amalgamated environment.
The PRC began a policy of attempting to influence the United States through trade, "people's diplomacy", contacts with Japanese opposition political parties, and through applying pressure on Tokyo to sever ties with Taipei. In 1958, however, the PRC suspended its trade with Japan—apparently convinced that trade concessions were ineffective in achieving political goals. Thereafter, in a plan for improving political relations, the PRC requested that the Japanese government not be hostile toward it, not obstruct any effort to restore normal relations between itself and Japan, and not join in any conspiracy to create two Chinas. After the Sino-Soviet break, economic necessity caused the PRC to reconsider and revitalize trade ties with Japan.
The Soviet Union suddenly withdrew Soviet experts from the PRC in the 1960s, which resulted in an economic dilemma for the PRC. The PRC was left with few options, one of which was to have a more official relationship with Japan.
Tatsunosuke Takasaki, member of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and of the Diet and Director of the Economic Planning Agency of the Japanese, went to the PRC in order to sign a memorandum that would further the trade relations between the two countries, better known as the Liao-Takasaki Agreement. Under its terms, Chinese purchases of industrial plants were to be financed partly through medium-term credits from Japan Export-Import Bank (JEXIM). The accord also permitted the PRC to open a trade mission in Tokyo and in 1963 paved the way for Japanese government approval of the export to mainland China of a synthetic textile manufacturing plant valued at around US$ 20 million, guaranteed by the bank. Subsequent protest from the ROC caused Japan to shelve further deferred-payment plant exports. The PRC reacted to this change by downgrading its Japan trade and intensified propaganda attacks against Japan as a "running dog" (Chinese:"走狗") of the United States.
Sino-Japanese ties declined again during the Cultural Revolution, and the decline was further exacerbated by Japan's growing strength and independence from the United States in the late 1960s. The PRC was especially concerned that Japan might remilitarize to compensate for the reduced US military presence in Asia brought about under president Richard Nixon. As the turmoil subsided, however, the Japanese government– already under pressure both from the pro-Beijing factions in the LDP and from opposition elements– sought to adopt a more forward posture.
In December 1971, the Chinese and Japanese trade liaison offices began to discuss the possibility of restoring diplomatic trade relations, and in July 1972, Kakuei Tanaka succeeded Eisaku Satō as a new Japanese Prime Minister. Tanaka assumed a normalization of the Sino-Japanese relations. Furthermore, the 1972 Nixon visit to China encouraged the normalization process. His visit to Beijing culminated in the signing a joint statement on September 29, 1972. It established diplomatic relations between Japan and the PRC. From a Chinese point of view, an impressive compromise was attained. The Japanese agreed to most of the PRC's demands, including the political status of Taiwan. Subsequently, the bilateral economic relationships grew rapidly: 28 Japanese and 30 Chinese economic and trade missions visited their partner country.
The joint communiqué says:[5]
- The abnormal state of affairs that has hitherto existed between Japan and the People's Republic of China is terminated on the date on which this Joint Communique is issued.
- The Government of Japan recognizes that Government of the People's Republic of China as the sole legal Government of China.
- The Government of the People's Republic of China reiterates that Taiwan is an inalienable part of the territory of the People's Republic of China. The Government of Japan fully understands and respects this stand of the Government of the People's Republic of China, and it firmly maintains its stand under Article 8 of the Potsdam Proclamation.
- The Government of Japan and the Government of People's Republic of China have decided to establish diplomatic relations as from September 29, 1972. The two Governments have decided to take all necessary measures for the establishment and the performance of the functions of each other's embassy in their respective capitals in accordance with international law and practice, and to exchange ambassadors as speedily as possible.
- The Government of the People's Republic of China declares that in the interest of the friendship between the Chinese and the Japanese peoples, it renounces its demand for war reparation from Japan.
- The Government of Japan and the Government of the People's Republic of China agree to establish relations of perpetual peace and friendship between the two countries on the basis of the principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit and peaceful co-existence. The two Governments confirm that, in conformity with the foregoing principles and the principles of the Charter of the United Nations, Japan and China shall in their mutual relations settle all disputes by peaceful means and shall refrain from the use or threat of force.
- The normalization of relations between Japan and China is not directed against any third country. Neither of the two countries should seek hegemony in the Asia-Pacific region and each is opposed to efforts by any other country or group of countries to establish such hegemony.
- The Government of Japan and the Government of the People's Republic of China have agreed that, with a view to solidifying and developing the relations of peace and friendship between the two countries, the two Governments will enter into negotiations for the purpose of concluding a treaty of peace and friendship.
- The Government of Japan and the Government of the People's Republic of China have agreed that, with a view to further promoting relations between the two countries and to expanding interchanges of people, the two Governments will, as necessary and taking account of the existing non-governmental arrangements, enter into negotiations for the purpose of concluding agreements concerning such matters as trade, shipping, aviation, and fisheries.
On 5 February 1973, the PRC and Japan agreed to reestablish diplomatic relations.[6] Negotiations for a Sino-Japanese peace and friendship treaty began in 1974, but soon broken off in September 1975. The PRC insisted the anti-hegemony clause, which was directed at the Soviet Union, be included in the treaty. Japan objected the clause and did not wish to get involved in the Sino-Soviet split.
However, the death of Mao Zedong in 1976 brought economic reform to the PRC, which led to the expected Japanese investment in the Chinese economy.
In February 1978, a long-term private trade agreement led to an arrangement by which trade between Japan and the PRC would increase to a level of US$20 billion by 1985, through exports from Japan of plants and equipment, technology, construction materials, and machine parts in return for coal and crude oil. This long-term plan, which gave rise to inflated expectations, proved overly ambitious and was drastically cut back the following year as the PRC was forced to reorder its development priorities and scale down its commitments. However, the signing of the agreement reflected the wish on both sides to improve relations.
In April 1978, a dispute over the territoriality of the Senkaku Islands (or Diaoyu Islands), a cluster of barren islets north of Taiwan and south of the Ryukyu Islands flared up and threatened to disrupt the developing momentum toward resuming peace treaty talks. Restraint on both sides led to a resolution.
At the end of 1978, the then prime minister Ohira said the government of Japan would offer ODA to China.[7] Official Development Assistance (ODA) from Japan to China began in 1979 and from that time to the present, approximately 3.1331 trillion yen in loan aid (yen loans), 145.7 billion yen in grant aid, and 144.6 billion yen in technical cooperation have been implemented up to June 2005 and has not ended.[8]
Talks on the peace treaty were resumed in July, and the agreement was reached in August on a compromise version of the anti-hegemony clause.[9] The Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and the People's Republic of China was signed on August 12 and came into effect October 23, 1978, under the two leaders of Deng Xiaoping and Fukuda Takeo.
A "Golden Age" marked by the development of complementary interests flourished from the 1980s to the mid-1990s. Sino-Japanese relations made considerable progress in the 1980s.[citation needed]
The General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC), Hu Yaobang, visited Japan in November 1983, and Prime Minister Nakasone reciprocated by visiting the PRC in March 1984. While Japanese enthusiasm for the Chinese market reached highs and lows, broad strategic considerations in the 1980s steadied Tokyo's policy toward Beijing. In fact, Japan's heavy involvement in the PRC's economic modernization reflected in part a determination to encourage peaceful domestic development in the PRC, to draw the PRC into gradually expanding links with Japan and the West, and to reduce the PRC's interest in returning to its more provocative foreign policies of the past.
Many of Japan's concerns about the Soviet Union duplicated PRC's worries. They included the increased deployment in East Asia of Soviet armaments, the growth of the Soviet Pacific fleet, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and the potential threat it posed to Persian Gulf oil supply routes, and an increased Soviet military presence in Vietnam. In response, Japan and the PRC adopted notable complementary foreign policies, designed to isolate the Soviet Union and its allies politically and to promote regional stability.
In Southeast Asia, both countries provided strong diplomatic backing for the efforts of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to bring about a Vietnamese withdrawal from Cambodia. Japan provided substantial economic assistance to Thailand to help with resettling Indochinese refugees. The PRC was a key supporter of Thailand and of the Cambodian resistance groups.
In Southwest Asia, both nations backed the condemnation of the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan; they refused to recognize the Soviet-backed Kabul regime, and sought through diplomatic and economic means to bolster Pakistan.
In Northeast Asia, Japan and the PRC sought to moderate the behavior of their Korean partners, South Korea and North Korea, to reduce tensions. In 1983 both the PRC and Japan strongly criticized the Soviet proposal to redeploy some of their armaments to Asia.
Japan encountered a number of episodes of friction with the PRC during the rest of the 1980s. In 1982, a serious political controversy was aroused over a revision of Japanese history textbooks dealing with the war between China and Japan during 1931-45 (cf. Japanese history textbook controversies). In late 1985, Chinese officials complained harshly about Prime Minister Nakasone's visit to the Yasukuni Shrine, which commemorates Japanese soldiers who had died in service of the Emperor some of whom are war criminals. See also China Internet information centre: the issue of Guanghualiao.
Under Prime Minister Nakasone Yasuhiro, the Japanese government reemphasized the relationship to the United States. The U.S. strategic emphasis upon East Asia allegedly shifted the PRC to Japan in 1983. Beijing felt isolation and concerning anew about possible revival of Japanese militarism. By the mid-1983, Beijing had decided coincidentally with its decision to improve relations with the Reagan administration of the United States to solidify ties with Japan.
Economic issues centered on Chinese complaints that the influx of Japanese products into the PRC had produced a serious trade deficit for the PRC. Nakasone and other Japanese leaders tried to relieve above concerns during visits to Beijing and in other talks with Chinese officials. They assured the Chinese of Japan's continued large-scale development and commercial assistance, and to obstruct any Sino-Soviet realignment against Japan. The two countries also concluded a bilateral investment treaty in 1988 after seven years of tough negotiation, where China finally agreed to grant Japanese investments with "national treatment".[10]
At the popular level in the PRC, it was not easy to allay concerns. Student-led demonstrations against Japan (cf. Anti-Japanese sentiment in China), on the one hand, helped reinforce Chinese officials' warnings to their Japanese counterparts. On the other hand, it was more difficult to change popular opinion in the PRC than it was to change the opinions of the Chinese officials.
Meanwhile, the removal of the General Secretary of the CPC, Hu Yaobang, in 1987 was detrimental to smooth Sino-Japanese relations because Hu had built personal relationships with Nakasone and other Japanese leaders. The PRC government's harsh crackdown on pro-democracy demonstrations in the spring of 1989 caused Japanese policymakers to realize that the new situation in the PRC was extremely delicate and required careful handling to avoid Japanese actions that would push the PRC further away from reforms. Beijing leaders reportedly judged at first that the industrialized countries would relatively quickly resume normal business with the PRC after a brief period of complaint over the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. When that did not happen, the PRC officials made strong suggestions to Japanese officials that they break from most industrialized nations by pursuing normal economic intercourse with the PRC, consistent with Tokyo's long-term interests in mainland China. Japanese leaders like West European and U.S. leaders were careful not to isolate the PRC and continued trade and other relations generally consistent with the policies of other industrialized democracies. But they also followed the United States lead in limiting economic relations to the PRC.
Bilateral structural change developed during the late 1990s to 2004. Japan had been investing in the PRC during the early 1990s, and trade decreased during the late 1990s, but resurged at the millennium. The resurgence might have been because of the prospect of the PRC becoming a part of the World Trade Organization (WTO).
By 2001 China's international trade was the sixth-largest in the world; and over the next several years it was expected to be just under Japan, the fourth largest.
Today, Japan is beginning to invest in the PRC less; a growing movement to cease Official development assistance (ODA) support[11] is beginning to flourish within the Japanese public. Many[who?] argue that Japan should cease aid to the PRC for two major reasons:
- It effectively subsidizes the PRC's military build-up to give economic assistance to the PRC, which increasingly threatens Japan's security.
- It helps the PRC to give assistance to many other developing countries, particularly in Africa, and there is no need to assist any country that can afford to assist others.[12]
Those who[who?] argue against cutting developmental on support to the PRC note that by aiding the PRC, the Chinese government is more likely to play by the rules of the international system, and that aid is an atonement for Japan's pre-war and World War II damage[citation needed]. Tension erupted periodically over trade and technology issues. The PRC concern over potential Japanese military resurgence and controversy regarding Japan's relations with Taiwan[citation needed].
In early 2005, Japan and the United States had issued a joint statement which "encourages the peaceful resolution of issues concerning the Taiwan Strait through dialogue".[13] The PRC was angered by the statement, and protested the interference in its internal affairs.[14] The Anti-Secession Law was passed by the third conference of the 10th National People's Congress of the PRC, and was ratified in March 2005, and then the law went into effect immediately. Subsequently, anti-Japanese demonstrations took place simultaneously in the PRC and other Asian countries.
However, the "warm" relationship between the PRC and Japan had been revived by two Japanese Prime Ministers, Shinzo Abe and particularly Yasuo Fukuda whose father achieved to conclude the Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and the People's Republic of China. In May 2008, Hu Jintao was the first Chinese President in over a decade to be invited to Japan on an official visit, and called for increased "co-operation" between the two countries. A "forth" joint statement[15] by President Hu and Japanese Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda read:
"The two sides resolved to face history squarely, advance toward the future, and endeavor with persistence to create a new era of a "mutually beneficial relationship based on common strategic interests" between Japan and China. They announced that they would align Japan–China relations with the trends of international community and together forge a bright future for the Asia-Pacific region and the world while deepening mutual understanding, building mutual trust, and expanding mutually beneficial cooperation between their nations in an ongoing fashion into the future".
In October 2008, Japanese Prime Minister Aso Taro visited Beijing to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the conclusion of the Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and the People's Republic of China. At the reception, he remarked on his "personal conviction regarding Japan-China relations":[16]
"We should not constrain ourselves in the name of friendship between Japan and China. Rather, sound competition and active cooperation will constitute a true "mutually beneficial relationship based on common strategic interests." Confucius said, "At thirty, I stood firm." In the same way, Japan and China must now stand atop the international stage and work to spread to the rest of the world this spirit of benefiting together".
Although Japanese and Chinese policymakers claimed that "ice-breaking" and "ice-melting" occurred in the bilateral relationship between 2006 and 2010, however, none of the fundamental problems related to history and disputed territory had been resolved, and so there was a virtual "ice-berg" under the surface.[17]
In 2010, China overtook Japan as the world's second-largest economy.[18]
2010 Trawler collision[edit]
On September 7, 2010, after a Chinese fishing trawler collided with two Japanese Coast Guard patrol boats near the disputed Senkaku Islands, the captain of the trawler, Zhan Qixiong, was arrested by Japanese sailors, sparking tensions.[19] Some media outlets speculated that China's contemporary reduction of export quotas of rare earth metals, now more in demand in China as its high-tech industry develops,[20] including reduction to Japan, could be related to the dispute.[21][22] Although officials from the Chinese Ministry of Commerce denied such a relationship,[23][24] the Japanese government took this action by China as a de facto trade embargo and decided to set aside 53.3 billion yen for the following measures to reduce dependence on Chinese mineral resources:[25][26][27]
- ¥19.7BN towards development of rare earth minerals abroad
- ¥1.6BN towards recycling, urban mining and developing alternative technology by the government and the private sector
- ¥16.3BN towards developing offshore oil and gas in Japan
- ¥8.9BN towards a pre-feasibility study on methane hydrate deposits
- ¥6.8BN towards a study on cobalt rich crust and other undersea reserves
- Cobalt rich crusts are undersea mineral deposits that contain manganese, cobalt, nickel and platinum, as well as rare earths such as neodymium and dysprosium
2011 Japanese White Paper[edit]
In 2011, Chinese foreign ministry spokesman Ma Zhaoxu criticized the annual Japanese defense white paper for calling attention to the "China threat theory".[28]
2012 Purchase of the Senkaku islands[edit]
Both China and Japan claim sovereignty over East China Sea islets that Japan calls the Senkaku Islands and China calls the Diaoyu Islands. Tensions have risen since September 2012, when the Japanese government purchased three of the islets from a private Japanese owner, leading to widespread anti-Japan demonstrations in China.[29] Then-Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda purchased the islets on behalf of the central government to "pre-empt Tokyo Governor Shintaro Ishihara's plan to purchase them with Tokyo municipal funds. Ishihara is well known for his provocative nationalist actions, and Noda feared that Ishihara would try to occupy the islands or otherwise use them to provoke China."[29] Professor Joseph Nye of Harvard University believes Chinese officials chose to ignore Noda's manifest motives, regarding any Japanese government purchase as proof that Japan is trying to disrupt the status quo.[29] In September 2012, General Xu Caihou, vice chairman of the Central Military Commission, said to the Chinese military "prepared for any possible military combat,".[30] Relations deteriorated further after the Japanese government purchase of the Senkaku islands, to the extent that China decided to skip IMF meetings held in Japan.[31] Trade relations deteriorated badly during the latter half of 2012 [32] and Chinese government aircraft intruded into disputed airspace for the first time since 1958.[33]
Richard Katz, editor of The Oriental Economist Report, argues in the pages of Foreign Affairs that the Diaoyu/Senkaku island dispute will not reach a critical threshold. "Even though tensions between China and Japan are rising, an economic version of mutual deterrence is preserving the uneasy status quo between the two sides."[34] Katz maintains that China needs Japanese products as much as Japan needs to sell them. "Many of the high-tech products assembled in and exported from China. . .use advanced Japanese-made parts. China could not boycott Japan, let alone precipitate an actual conflict, without stymieing the export-fueled economic miracle that underpins Communist Party rule."[34] Compounded with Washington's commitment to come to Japan's defense, peace will most likely prevail. Japan remains the largest source of foreign investment in China today.[35]
China has sent drones to fly near the islands. Japan has threatened to shoot these down, which China has said would be an act of war.[36]
United States Navy captain James Fanell has used open source official Chinese media sources to show that China is preparing for a potential short decisive war against Japan to seize the islands.[37]
2013 Japanese White Paper[edit]
In its 2013 white paper, Japan called recent Chinese actions "incompatible with international law."[38] The paper also mentioned Operation Dawn Blitz, after China had called for the exercise to be scaled back.[39]
2014 Near-miss over East China Sea[edit]
Japanese reconnaissance planes and Chinese fighter jets came perilously close in an overlapping disputed airspace over the East China Sea in late May 2014. The incident occurred as China was taking part in joint maritime exercises with Russia. China and Japan each accused the other of causing a potentially dangerous situation. The airspace where the close encounter took place is claimed by both countries as part of their "air defense identification zones." Beijing and Tokyo exchanged protests over the incident.[40]
2014 Baosteel Emotion Seizure[edit]
In 2014, China seized the Baosteel Emotion in compensation for two Chinese ships leased in 1936. According to China, the ships were used by the Japanese Army and later sunk. Japan has stated that the seizure undermines the Joint Communiqué of the Government of Japan and the Government of the People's Republic of China.[41][42]
Bilateral sensitive issues[edit]
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the PRC points out some sensitive issues between Japan and the PRC:[43]
- Issue of history
- Issue of Taiwan
- Issue of Diaoyu Islands/Senkaku Islands
- Issue of Japanese-American security co-operation
- Issue of war reparations
- Japanese chemical weapons discarded in China
As Iechika[44] and many others point out, the fundamental concerns of the Sino-Japanese relations has been the issues of history and Taiwan. Therefore, this article describes the above two issues in the following.
Issue of history[edit]
The PRC joined other Asian countries, such as South Korea, North Korea and Singapore, in criticizing Japanese history textbooks that whiten Japanese war crimes in World War II. They claimed that the rise of militarism became evident in Japanese politics. Much anti-Japanese sentiment has raised, and this has been exacerbated by burgeoning feelings of Chinese nationalism and former Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi's visits to the Yasukuni Shrine.[45] Although Koizumi openly declared– in a statement made on April 22, 2005 in Jakarta– "deep remorse" over Japan's wartime crimes (the latest in a series of apologies spanning several decades), many Chinese observers regard the apology as insufficient and not backed up by sincere action.[46]
There also remains the dispute over the Senkaku Islands (Diaoyu Islands), which resulted in clashes between Taiwanese (Chinese) protesters and the Japanese government in April 2005. The incident led to anti-Japanese protests and sporadic violence across the PRC, from Beijing to Shanghai, later Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Shenyang.[47] In August 2012, Hong Kong activists landed on one of the disputed Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands, and Japanese nationalists responded by landing on the island the following week. The incidents sparked the largest-scale anti-Japanese protests in China for decades in which protesters vandalized Japanese shops and cars.[48] On the 14th of September relations deteriorated even further in response to Japan's announcement of plans to buy the island from its private owners. The news resulted in the Chinese government sending six surveillance ships to the island and further anti-Japanese protests in which protesters attacked the Japanese embassies in Shanghai and Beijing.[49]
The PRC and Japan continue to debate over the actual number of people killed in the Rape of Nanking. The PRC alleges that at least 300,000 civilians were murdered while Japan claims a far less figure of 40,000-200,000. While a majority of Japanese believe in the existence of the massacre, a Japanese-produced documentary film released just prior to the 60th anniversary of the massacre, titled The Truth about Nanjing, denies that any such atrocities took place. These disputes have stirred up enmity against Japan from the global Chinese community, including Taiwan.
Japan's compensation[edit]
From late 19th century to early 20th century, one of the many factors contributing to the bankruptcy of the Qing government was the Japan's requirement for large amount of war reparations. During the last years of the Qing dynasty's rule, the Chinese continually paid huge amounts of silver to Japan under various treaties, including the Sino-Japan Amity Treaty (1871), Treaty of Shimonoseki (1895), the Triple Intervention (1895) and the Boxer Protocol (1901).
After the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894-95, according to the Chinese scholar, Jin Xide, the Qing government paid a total of 340,000,000 taels of silver to Japan for both reparations and "booty", equivalent to (then) 510,000,000 Japanese yen, or about 6.4 times the annual revenue of the government of Japan. Similarly, the Japanese scholar, Ryoko Iechika,[50] calculated that the Qing government paid a total of $21,000,000 (about one third of revenue of the Qing government) in war reparations to Japan, or about 320,000,000 Japanese yen, equivalent to (then) two and half years of Japanese government revenue. Japan used the reparations for the expansion of its navy (38.2% of the payment), ad hoc military expenditures (21.6%), direct expansion of the army (15.6%), and constructions of new battleships (8.2%).
The Second Sino-Japanese War also caused huge economic losses to China. Jiang Zemin, the core-leader of the third generation of the Communist Party of China (CPC), claimed that "China suffered a direct economic loss of about $100,000,000,000 and indirect loss of about $500,000,000,000 as a result of the Japanese invasion."[51] However, Chiang Kai-shek waived reparations claims for the war when the ROC concluded the Treaty of Taipei with Japan in 1952. Similarly, when Japan normalized its relations with the PRC in 1972, Mao Zedong waived the claim of war reparations from Japan.[52]
Ex-Japanese Prime Minister Hatoyama Yukio offered personal apology for Japan's wartime crimes, especially the Nanking Massacre, "As a Japanese citizen, I feel that it's my duty to apologise for even just one Chinese civilian killed brutally by Japanese soldiers and that such action cannot be excused by saying that it occurred during war."[53]
Issue of Taiwan[edit]
The Japan–Taiwan official split is one of the fundamental principles of Sino-Japanese relations. The PRC emphasises Taiwan is a part of China and the PRC is the only legal government of China (cf. One-China policy). By the 1972 agreement, the Treaty of Taipei was argued to be invalid.
When the PRC–Japan normalization was concerned, the PRC had been worried about some Japanese pro-Taiwan independence politicians. At the same time, the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan (1960– ) has been a big problem for the PRC. In a point of the PRC's view, the military alliance treaty implicitly directs to the Taiwan Strait. It has become a big factor for Taiwan security affairs.
VIP Inter-visits[edit]
|Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka
|Prime Minister Masayoshi Ohira
|Prime Minister Zenko Suzuki
|Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone
|Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone
|Prime Minister Noboru Takeshita
|Prime Minister Toshiki Kaifu
|Their Majesties the Emperor and Empress
|Prime Minister Morihiro Hosokawa
|Prime Minister Tomiichi Murayama
|Prime Minister Ryutaro Hashimoto
|Prime Minister Keizo Obuchi
|Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi (APEC in Shanghai)
|Prime Minister Shinzo Abe
|Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda
|Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda (Summer Olympics in Beijing)
|Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping
|Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping
|Premier Hua Guofeng (state guest)
|Premier Zhao Ziyang
|General Secretary Hu Yaobang
|Premier Li Peng
|General Secretary Jiang Zemin
|General Secretary Jiang Zemin (APEC in Osaka)
|Premier Li Peng
|President Jiang Zemin (state guest)
|Premier Zhu Rongji
|Premier Wen Jiabao
|President Hu Jintao (state guest)
President Hu Jintao (G8 summit in Hokkaido)
Premier Wen Jiabao (Japan-China-ROK Trilateral Summit in Fukuoka)
See also[edit]
- 2005 anti-Japanese demonstrations
- 2012 China anti-Japanese demonstrations
- Anti-Japanese sentiment in China
- Chinese Century
- China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit
- Comfort women
- East China Sea
- Exclusive economic zone#Japan
- Foreign relations of China
- Foreign relations of Japan
- Pan-Asianism
- Senkaku Islands
- Sinophobia
- Xu Fu
Further reading[edit]
- Barnouin, Barbara & Yu Changgen (1998) Chinese Foreign Policy during the Cultural Revolution, Columbia University Press
- Berger, Thomas U., Mike M. Mochizuki & Jitsuo Tsuchiyama, eds. (2007) Japan in international politics: the foreign policies of an adaptive state (Lynne Rienner)
- Dent, Christopher M., ed. (2008) China, Japan and regional leadership in East Asia (Edward Elgar)
- Drifte, Reinhard (2002) Japan's Security Relations with China since 1989: From Balancing to Bandwagoning? (Routledge)
- Emmott, Bill (2008) Rivals: How the Power Struggle between China, India and Japan Will Shape Our Next Decade, (Harcourt)
- Hagström, Linus (2005) Japan's China Policy: A Relational Power Analysis, (Routledge)
- Hunt, Michael H. (1996). The Genesis of Chinese Communist Foreign Policy. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-10311-5.
- Iechika, Ryoko (2003) Nittchu Kankei no Kihon Kozo: Futatsu no Mondaiten/Kokonotsu no Kettei Jiko [The Fundamental Structure of Sino-Japanese Relations: Two problems, nine decision matters], Koyo Shobo
- Iriye, Akira (1992) China and Japan in the global setting, Harvard University Press
- Itoh, Mayumi (2012). Pioneers of Sino-Japanese Relations: Liao and Takasaki. Palgrave-MacMillan. ISBN 978-1-137-02734-4.
- Jin, Xide (2004) 21 Seiki no Nittchu Kankei [Sino-Japanese Relations of the 21st Century], Nihon Chohosha
- Kawashima, Shin [Ed.] (2007) Chugoku no Gaiko: Jiko Ninshiki to Kadai [Chinese diplomacy: Self-awareness and problems], Yamakawa Shuppansha
- Kawashima, Yutaka (2003) Japanese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads: Challenges and Options for the Twenty-First Century, Brookings Institution Press
- Lai Yew Meng (2014). Nationalism and Power Politics in Japan's Relations with China: A Neoclassical Realist Interpretation. Routledge.
- Nish, Ian. (1990) "An Overview of Relations between China and Japan, 1895–1945." China Quarterly (1990) 124 (1990): 601-623. online
- Ogata, Sadako (1988) Normalization with China: A Comparative Study of U.S. and Japanese Processes, University of California
- Rose, Caroline (1998) Interpreting history in Sino-Japanese relations: a case study in political decision making, Routledge
- Rose, Caroline (2005) Sino-Japanese Relations: Facing the Past, Looking to the Future? Routledge
- Söderberg, Marie (2002) Chinese-Japanese Relations in the Twenty-first Century: Complementarity and Conflict, Routledge
- Stegewerns, ed., Dick (2003). Nationalism and Internationalism in Imperial Japan. New York: RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 0-203-98905-8.
- Vogel, Ezra F., Yuan Ming & Tanaka Akihiko [eds.] (2003) The Golden Age of the US-China-Japan Triangle, 1972-1989', Harvard University Press
- Wan, Ming (2006) Sino-Japanese Relations: Interaction, Logic, and Transformation, Stanford University Press
- Whiting, Allen S. (1989) China Eyes Japan, University of California Press
- Yabuki, Susumu (1988) Posuto Toshohei [After Deng Xiaoping], Sososha
- Zhao, Quansheng (1996) Japanese Policymaking: the Politics behind Politics: Informal Mechanisms & the Making of China Policy, [New Ed.] Oxford University Press
- ^ Nanjing by the Numbers. Foreign Policy. 9 February 2010.
- ^ "Backlash over the alleged China curb on metal exports". The Daily Telegraph, London, 29 Aug 2010. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
- ^ 2014 World Service Poll BBC
- ^ Barnouin, Barbara; Changgen, Yu (1998). Chinese Foreign Policy during the Cultural Revolution. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 113–116. ISBN 0-7103-0580-X.
- ^ "Joint Communique of the Government of Japan and the Government of the People's Republic of China". MOFA. Retrieved 2010-10-04.
- ^ "Chronology 1973". The World Book Year Book 1974. Chicago: Field Enterprises Educational Corporation. 1974. p. 8. ISBN 0-7166-0474-4. LCCN 62-4818.
- ^ http://chinaperspectives.revues.org/358
- ^ http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/oda/region/e_asia/china/
- ^ (Article 2) "The Contracting Parties declare that neither of them should seek hegemony in the Asia-Pacific region or in any other region and that each is opposed to efforts by any other country or group of countries to establish such hegemony." MOFA: Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and the People's Republic of China
- ^ Hagström, Linus (2005) Japan's China Policy: A Relational Power Analysis, London and New York: Routledge http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415346795/.
- ^ "Review on Japan's ODA to China". MOFA. Retrieved 2010-10-04.
- ^ This argument is only the point of view of a very small minority of Japanese, while the rest of Japan does not hold these views. This does seem to be the popular, misinformed view of most Chinese nationalist scholars, however.
- ^ "Joint Statement U.S.-Japan Security Consultative Committee". MOFA. 2005-02-19. Retrieved 2010-10-04.
- ^ an argument China uses often to support their nationalistic aims
- ^ "Joint Statement between the Government of Japan and the Government of the People's Republic of China on Comprehensive Promotion of a "Mutually Beneficial Relationship Based on Common Strategic Interests" (May 7, 2008)". MOFA. Retrieved 2010-10-04.
- ^ "Remarks by H.E. Mr. Taro Aso, Prime Minister of Japan, at the Reception to Commemorate the Thirtieth Anniversary of the Conclusion of the Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and the People's Republic of China "My Personal Conviction regarding Japan-China Relations" (October 24, 2008)". MOFA. Retrieved 2010-10-04.
- ^ Hagström, Linus (2008/09) "Sino-Japanese Relations: The Ice That Won't Melt," International Journal 64 (1): 223–40, http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/intj64&div=22&id=&page
- ^ "China surges past Japan as No. 2 economy; US next?". News.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2010-10-04.[dead link]
- ^ "High-seas collisions trigger Japan-China spat". Tokyo. Agence France-Presse. 2010-09-07. Retrieved 2010-10-21.
- ^ Lewis, Leo (2009-12-10). "Japan moves on rare earth metals". The Australian. Retrieved 2010-10-21.
- ^ Krugman, Paul (2010-10-17). "Rare and Foolish". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-10-20.
- ^ Tabuchi, Hiroko (2010-10-24). "Japan Calls on China to Resume Rare Earth Exports". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-10-24.
- ^ "China denies banning rare earth exports to Japan". People's Daily. 2010-09-25. Retrieved 2010-10-21.
- ^ Foster, Malcolm (2010-09-14). "Japan releases Chinese boat captain amid dispute". Associated Press. Retrieved 2010-10-21.
- ^ "FACTBOX-Japan budgets $650 mln for rare earths, resources". Reuters. 2011-01-05. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
- ^ "元素戦略プロジェクト". Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
- ^ "希少金属代替材料開発プロジェクト" (PDF). Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
- ^ "China says Japan defence paper 'irresponsible'." AFP, 4 August 2011.
- ^ a b c Nye, Joseph (March–April 2013). "Our Pacific Predicament". The American Interest VIII (4). Retrieved 13 March 2013.
- ^ Bill Gertz (18 September 2012). "Chinese General: Prepare for Combat". Free Beacon. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
- ^ "China banks pull out of meetings in Japan." Al Jazeera, 3 October 2012.
- ^ [1] "Japan Exports Tumble 10%" Bloomberg,22 October 2012
- ^ "Japan protests Chinese plane entering their airspace."
- ^ a b Katz, Richard (July–August 2013). "Mutual Assured Production". Foreign Affairs 92 (4): 18. Retrieved 19 July 2013.
- ^ Katz, Richard (July–August 2013). "Mutual Assured Production". Foreign Affairs 92 (4): 22. Retrieved 19 July 2013.
- ^ Sevastopulo, Demetri; Soble, Soble (October 28, 2013). "China-Japan relations take turn for worse". ft.com. The Financial Times Ltd. Retrieved 2 November 2013.
- ^ McGrath, Bryan (4 March 2014). "Opinion: China Expert Got it Right". usni.org. U.S. NAVAL INSTITUTE. Retrieved 4 March 2014.
- ^ "Japan's Blunt Stance Riles China, S. Korea."
- ^ "Dawn Blitz grabs China's attention."
- ^ "Tension flares up as China scrambles fighter jets on Japanese aircraft". Beijing Bulletin. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
- ^ "China seizes Japanese cargo ship over pre-war debt". www.bbc.com (British Broadcasting Corporation). 21 April 2014. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
- ^ "Japan Warns China Over Ship Seizure". www.defensenews.com (AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE). 21 April 2014. Retrieved 21 April 2014.
- ^ "Bilateral relations to Japan: Some sensitive issues". FMPRC. Retrieved 2010-10-04.
- ^ Iechika (2003)
- ^ A Shinto shrine that offers prayers for the war dead including 14 Class A war criminals
- ^ with more than 80 Parliament members and a Cabinet minister making a pilgrimage to the Yasukuni Shrine just hours earlier[citation needed]
- ^ globeandmail.com: World[dead link]
- ^ "Anti-Japan Protests sweep throughout China, after Japanese Nationalists Land on Disputed Island". Eastern Odyssey. 19 August 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
- ^ "China Sends More Ships, as Disputed Island Row Grows". Eastern Odyssey. 14 September 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
- ^ Iechika (2003:67)
- ^ Iechika (2003:18)
- ^ See the Article 5 of Joint Communiqué of the Government of Japan and the Government of the People's Republic of China in 1972.
- ^ Former Japanese PM Yukio Hatoyama apologises for atrocities in China
External links[edit]
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan
- Scarred by history: The Rape of Nanjing, BBC News
- ODA looks wasted on China | The Japan Times Online
- Shiokawa calls ODA to China foolish | The Japan Times Online
- Japan, China strike deal on gas fields | The Japan Times Online
- asahi.com: Settlement of Japan-China trade dispute vital
- Japan Relations with China
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China: Japan
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan: Japan-China Relations
- Russian Embassy in China: Russia and China
- U.S. Department of State: China
- "China & Japan: Rival giants" BBC, May 2008. Overview of Sino-Japanese relations, including historical background and current key issues


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Welcome to week4paug.net 2.0 - same as it ever was! (but a little more gooder ) Keep us posted on ANY issues you may be having HERE: http://week4paug.net/index.php?topic=18331.0
0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.
OK, I've had immediate success: isopropyl alcohol. Using cotton balls, lightly damp with isopropyl alcohol, I've been able to remove the goo without damaging the artwork or finish of the CDs. I've also been able to remove any goo from the Folder Pages as well. After wiping down everything, I've wiped clean with cotton balls soaked in water. The first few are up in the kitchen drying now. So far, I've had great success. I've also pushed paper CD envelopes in to sleeves of the Folder Pages and intend to put the CDs back in the Folder.Thanks,Terry
I found our thread about it (ya gotta search "goopy" ) but it looks like you don't need it. I was thinking alcohol myself but I've been afraid to try. Thanks for the update!http://week4paug.net/index.php?topic=7895.0
Quote from: blatboom on November 22, 2008, 02:53:05 PMI found our thread about it (ya gotta search "goopy" ) but it looks like you don't need it. I was thinking alcohol myself but I've been afraid to try. Thanks for the update!http://week4paug.net/index.php?topic=7895.0Thanks! Yeah, "goopy", who would have thought of that?!? Hahaha!NC State is killing UNC...Terry
UPDATE:Ok, so I've gone through the first 5x. The first couple are dry, but I found that they all had streaking. They also all had a very fine film of sticky and residue from the alcohol. Seems like the alcohol melts the goo and removes a lot of it. But it leaves a little behind as the alcohol evaporates. So, I've added another step to the process. I've filled the sink with warm water and palmolive and washed each CD. They are now drying and none show the streaking.Terry
What a PITA.
I anyone is interested, I have a second, brand-new totally unused LP Binder. I bought 2x binders at the very beginning figuring they would release more than 20x. Of course they did not, so it sat unused in a box for years. I'm willing to sell for cheap, or trade for a spindle of blanks...Terry
%% with alternated lyrics about a 1995 jeep cherokee that was also sacraficed on this tour.
I think I got it but he's such a spaz he'll probably never open this thread again
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Are you looking for a Furniture Removal Company in Bellville? Finding a dependable furniture moving company that values your belongings as much as you do can be difficult. Good news is that finding a reputable Furniture Removal Company in Bellville has just became a whole lot easier! Let The South African Furniture Removals Alliance help you find competitive quotes!
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For the first time in half a century, the Commonwealth War Graves Commission have began work on a brand new military cemetery. The Fromelles (Pheasant Wood) Military Cemetery is being built to rebury the bodies of hundred of British and Australian soldiers who were killed in the Battle of Fromelles and have recently been found in a mass grave. In advance of the burials, archeologists from Oxford are examining the grounds around the grave and many artefacts are being uncovered. The CWGC will provide an individual grave for each soldier, many of which are being identified by badges, buttons and other items.
It is estimated that the cemetery will be completed in summer 2010, and there is a planned public commemorative event planned for July 19th 2010 (the anniversary of the Battle, which took place in 1916 as part of the Somme offensive) to mark the completion of the project.
The CWGC do a remarkable job tending to our fallen war heroes. Their war cemeteries and memorials to the missing ensure that these brave men are not forgotten, it is only right that the soldiers of Fromelles are given the same opportunity.


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Laundry ship set to sailSunday, February 16th, 2014 | tags: being wendy, cats, garden, homestead history, laundry, Sampo, San Fransisco, Seattle, storm, USA, wardrobe, weather |
Another stormy weekend chez Wendy House.
A temporary break in the flood production system. No rain this morning.
Laundry to be washed and dried. No modern tumble-drier accessories. My laundry its catching some rare sun rays in the Wendy House wind-swept garden.
Extra ballast had been added to the 'airer' to prevent it attempting a take-off garden tour. Bricks.
The ships that carried lumber from Seattle to San Francisco, to build the beautiful houses there, carried stone back to Seattle as ballast to weight the ships appropriately on the return journey. The stone was used to build many of the Historic buildings in the Pioneer square area of Seattle. Awesome.
The RSPCA has warned that cats are likely to take-off in these strong winds. Despite her own substantial personal ballast, Sampo's a cautious cat.
Sampo's not risking any unplanned flights.


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GETLOADAVG(3) NetBSD Library Functions Manual GETLOADAVG(3) NAME getloadavg -- get system load averages LIBRARY Standard C Library (libc, -lc) SYNOPSIS #include <stdlib.h> int getloadavg(double loadavg[], int nelem); DESCRIPTION The getloadavg() function returns the number of processes in the system run queue averaged over various periods of time. Up to nelem samples are retrieved and assigned to successive elements of loadavg[]. The system imposes a maximum of 3 samples, representing averages over the last 1, 5, and 15 minutes, respectively. RETURN VALUES If the load average was unobtainable, -1 is returned; otherwise, the num- ber of samples actually retrieved is returned. SEE ALSO uptime(1), kvm_getloadavg(3), sysctl(3) HISTORY The getloadavg() function appeared in 4.3BSD-Reno. NetBSD 8.1 April 12, 2011 NetBSD 8.1
You can also request any man page by name and (optionally) by section:


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Here is the third installment of our blog series on language learning tips.
3. Practice language actively
Whenever possible, speak the language aloud rather than reciting it silently to yourself. In doing this you can gain confidence in you pronounciation and in your language skills. Say vocabulary words out loud e.g. while doing a busuu.com learning unit, you should listen to the vocabulary and then the key phrase (if you are a Premium Member) and repeat them as many times as is needed.
The same goes for the busuu.com dialogues. You can listen to them and reapeat them as many times as you need to. Pronunciation activities should be done orally and not just mentally. Transferring language from your mind to your mouth is a skill that requires a great deal of practice! So take advantage of the busuu.com learning material to start actively improving your language skills!
We hope to be of assistance for your language learning! If you need further help, take a look at part 1 and part 2 of our language learning tips.


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Check out our very funny Taposé skit which explains, in a slightly exaggerated form, how Taposé came to be:
Hi! We hope you enjoyed our video introduction for Taposé. Thanks for checking out our project. With your help we would love to make our idea a reality and get Taposé on as many iPads (and possibly additional tablet devices) as possible.
Taposé brings the once hyped Courier functionality to the iPad. For us, it was an obvious decision to deliver such a superb product to tablet users. The creativity, productivity, and attractive user interface coalesce into one outstanding product. The ingenious split interface design allows users to interact with multiple apps simultaneously in the company of Taposé collections.
Split Interface Design:
- Drag and drop from Safari
- Drag addresses to Maps for directions
- Drag contacts over collections to share
- Finish calculations without leaving Tapose
- Full screen capabilities
- & much much more
Middle Separation Bar:
- Place images, sticky notes, maps, and more into the middle separation bar which acts as a temporary holder
- Allows easy organization and movement between pages and collections
- Slide to adjust the view sizes
Creating a book in Taposé couldn't be easier. Taposé's design draws users in as it appears as a physical book, and accommodates everything a user could need. It will provide functions such as font formatting, free draw, eraser, highlighter, sticky notes, image insert, list creation, and many more. Users have the ability to do anything and everything quickly and creatively.
Tapose FAQs
Our Goal - Our wish is to create and release Taposé to the tablet world and bring this innovative product to market for everyone to enjoy. The initial goal is to launch Tapose for the iPad, with hopeful releases for other tablet devices if we exceed the goal funding.
The Money - In order to create Taposé, Rick and I will have to take time off of work, and thus we will need funds to pay rent and buy food in the meantime. The funding will also allow designers to stock Taposé with everything needed to supply a solid user experience. The money we raise will go directly into creating this product for your personal use and enjoyment.
With your support we are targeting to have Taposé in your hands by late summer. We hope that you are inspired and excited by our idea and choose to support the project. Either way please spread the word and share with your friends.
Thank you!
Funding period
- (60 days)


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Washington, D.C. (September 7, 2011) — Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) President and CEO John J. Castellani released the following statement today about American jobs:
"We look forward to hearing the President's vision for the economy and job growth in America. When it comes to medical innovation, our country needs a comprehensive and consistent public policy framework that will cultivate an environment conducive to innovative companies remaining and growing in the U.S. Unfortunately, that is not what we have heard to date.
"Over the past year, the President has broadly referred to innovation and American competitiveness as key elements of our nation's economic prospects. We believe it critically important that the Administration and Congress view the biopharmaceutical research sector – one of the most innovative, technology-driven sectors in America – as a core asset.
"America's biopharmaceutical research companies devote significant private-sector resources to domestic innovation. Last year alone, our sector invested more than $67 billion on R&D of new medicines. In doing so, our companies are essential drivers of jobs across the U.S.
"Nationwide, the biopharmaceutical sector supported a total of 4 million jobs in 2009, including nearly 675,000 direct jobs, according to a recent report from the Battelle Technology Partnership Practice. Each job in a biopharmaceutical research company supported almost five additional jobs in other sectors, ranging from manufacturing jobs to construction and other building service jobs to contract researchers and child care providers.
"Our nation's leaders should not take this industry's continued strength for granted. Like many sectors, biopharmaceutical research companies have faced a tough environment in recent years. However, our sector remains a vibrant engine for high-value jobs and foreign exports.
"Startling potential job losses would result from undermining the business foundations of biopharmaceutical companies. The Battelle report estimates that a $20 billion per year reduction in biopharmaceutical sector revenue would result in 260,000 job losses across the U.S. economy.
"Assuming the President truly believes that innovation by the private sector is a pathway to future economic strength – and he still wants to find a cure for cancer in our lifetime – then the policies that he and Congressional leaders pursue must match their rhetoric.
"Our global leadership in medical progress – and the domestic jobs and economic output that goes along with it – could be lost if our nation's leaders do not support policies that help preserve and nurture future medical innovation.
"PhRMA and its member companies will continue to work with the Administration and members of Congress, on both sides of the aisle, on bipartisan solutions that can help spur job growth in the U.S., preserve timely patient access to new medicines, maintain market-based competition and foster future development of life-enhancing and life-saving treatments."
Find PhRMA Online:
Website – http://www.phrma.org
Facebook – www.facebook.com/PhRMA
Blog – www.phrma.org/catalyst
Twitter – www.Twitter.com/PhRMA and www.Twitter.com/PhRMApress
YouTube – www.youtube.com/PhRMApress
For information on how innovative medicines save lives, visit: http://www.innovation.org
For information on the Partnership for Prescription Assistance, visit: http://www.pparx.org
For information on ensuring the flow of medicines during public health emergencies, visit http://www.rxresponse.org


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Sept. 17, 2011
NORTH DARTMOUTH, MA- The University of Massachusetts Dartmouth cross country team acquitted themselves well at the annual UMass Dartmouth Invitational, held on Shrine Day at the UMass Dartmouth Athletic Complex Saturday.
The women finished 14th in a field of 37 teams, while the men tied for 22nd in a field of 34 teams.
The women had 354 points. MIT was first with 25 points. For UMass Dartmouth, junior Courtney Testa (Hopkinton, MA/Hopkinton HS) was 29th in 19:26 for the 5000 meter race. Senior Meaghan Bohigian (Barre, MA/Quabbin Regional HS) was 64th in 20:19, freshman Samantha Roderigues (Somerset, MA/Somerset HS) was 65th in 20:20, freshman Katie Sheehan (Scituate, MA/Scituate HS) was 66th, also in 20:10, freshman Samantha Hurley (Agawam, MA/Agawam HS) was 130th in 21:12, senior Megan Oliveira (Somerset, MA/Somerset HS) was 136th in 21:17, and senior Stacey Dybel (Littleton, MA/Notre Dame Academy) was 164th in 21:49, and freshman Carolyn Cornell (Abington, MA/Cardinal Spellman HS) was 201st in 22:48. Freshman Renee Laurencelle (Tyngsboro, MA/Tyngsboro HS) competed in the women's sub-varsity race and finished 59th in 22:15.
The men scored 622 points. MIT was first with 31 points.
For the men, freshman Ben Girard (Manchester, MA/Manchester Essex HS) was 55th in 26:40 over the five mile course. Sophomore Zach Switaj (Tamworth, NH/Kennett Regional HS) finished 127th in 28:14, freshman Scott Bernazzani (Abington, MA/Cardinal Spellman HS) was 136th in 28:27, freshman Eric Karstunen (Pembroke, MA/Pembroke HS) was 146th in 28:46, freshman Paul Solem (Stoughton, MA/Stoughton HS) was 158th in 29:16, and freshman Matt Ferro (Halifax, MA/Silver Lake HS) was 185th in 30:15.
"This race says to me that our women are becoming a pretty solid racing unit," said UMass Dartmouth Head Coach Jon Hird. "Courtney has become dependable, and I think she'll have a really good senior year. Sam and Katie finished right with each other, and if some of our people move up just a little bit, we'll have a pretty solid for the conference meet. Our men took a big step today. They're a very young team, and it will take them some time before they really get the hang of it. Ben Girard ran a very good race, and, for a team as young as we are, it was a good effort. This race was a big step for us."
The Corsairs will return to action when they visit the Codfish Bowl next Saturday.


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Call for Essays – To Each Their Own Pop. Music, Cinema and Television in Europe in the Period of the Youth Movements (1960-1979)
Cinéma&Cie, no. 31 – Special issue edited by Massimo Locatelli, Alessandro Bratus and Miguel Mera
The scope of this issue is to gather papers related to a decisive period in the development of audiovisual media in contemporary Europe: the 60's and 70's are linked with different patterns of economic growth and consumption across different countries, but nevertheless related to the diffusion of television and the new technologies in the record industry, from both the point of view of production and reproduction. Such changes determined the emergence of new forms of expression, media aggregation and consumption behaviors with respect to the past.


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What is it? Or more importantly who is it? It is a group of amateurs who are contributing their efforts without strings attached to develop practical state of the art radio equipment. There's no formal organization. There is a website and mailing list which allows collaboration.
More information is available at the website.
HPSDR projects available from TAPR
TAPR produces hardware for various HPSDR projects. Whether a HPSDR project is produced by TAPR is determined by the project team. Production by TAPR has been a one time production run with the quantity determined by the interest shown by the HPSDR community. Other entities are producing additional boards where the TAPR production run has sold out. If that is the case, it will be indicated on the page for that individual project.
Below is a list of the boards TAPR has produced so far.
Alex Bandpass filters ... Read more.
Atlas Backplane ... Read more.
Excalibur Reference Oscillator ... Read more.
Janus Audio Converter ... Read more.
LPU Power Supply ... Read more.
Magister USB Interface ... Read more.
Mercury RX Module ... Read more.
Metis Ethernet Interface ... Read more.
Pandora Enclosure ... Read more.
PennyLane TX Module ... Read more.
PennyWhistle PA ... Read more.
Pinocchio Extender Board ... Read more.


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LS2 Mobile Installation Instructions & Features
Welcome to LS2 Mobile. The following instructions will help you connect your mobile device with your library. Once connected LS2 Mobile will provide access to your library's PAC (Public Access Catalog) where you can search for a title, place a request/hold, renew an item, or check your account status on loans, requests/holds and fines. And best of all, it's free! With just a few clicks you can have your library in your back pocket.Getting Started
To load the LS2 Mobile App onto your device, use the following URL: http://itunes.apple.com/app/ls2-mobile-library/id399775523?mt=8 . Click View In iTunes, and then click Free. You can also access the AppStore on your mobile device and search for LS2 Mobile.
When the installation is completed, the LS2 Mobile icon will be visible on the Home screen. Accessing the application for the first time you will need to select Sullivan County BOCES from the drop-down list. A check mark will display next to the selected library name. Verify this is the correct name of your library. Click Done, then Save. Be aware this process can take several minutes to load.
Note: Click the Settings icon at the bottom of your device if you ever need to change the library's name. The Search page displays. Start searching!LS2 Mobile Features
Once LS2 Mobile is installed you will have access to the following features:


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Windows - Other
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Technical Advice for Specifiers...
The Altus Technical Department draws on a wealth of experience having some of the best and most respected industry professionals available in New Zealand.
Team Members are available to answer queries about the best suite or system for a particular job, product capabilities, size constraints and detailing queries. Our design team boasts over 150 years of accumulative experience in the New Zealand window and door industry.
If you have a query which is not covered in this website we would love to be your advisor. You may either call your local manufacturer or our technical advisory service in Auckland who will be pleased to be of service.


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Doug Young's '68 Camaro Didn't Wait In Vain.
Doug Young has the patience of Job. He's been waiting nearly two years to get his car in the magazine. We first saw his Camaro last year at a cruise night at Bob's Big Boy in Burbank, California, where we staked out his car until he returned to it to drive home. After asking several probing questions trying to figure out if the car was legit, we promised to call soon to schedule a photo shoot.
Soon turned into several months, and we didn't actually shoot these pictures until January of this year. At that time, we were working on the June '10 issue (due to be on sale in April), and we assured Doug his car would be in it. That never happened. It got cut for space.
For a variety of reasons, this article has been cut from every issue since then, but not because it's not good enough. On the contrary, it is absolutely worthy of being in the pages of CC. Hopefully it was worth the wait.
In addition to this car's killer stance, Doug's Camaro has a cool backstory-he's owned it for 18 years. He bought it when he was 16 from a guy named Larry in Chino, California, who listed the car in Auto Trader for the paltry sum of $3,800, and it had a 327, a four-speed, and Center Lines. What more could you ask for? Even cooler than that-it's still wearing those Center Lines, and they look better than ever on this car, which we feel justified in calling a sleeper, even though Doug drives around town on those slicks. Despite those bigs 'n' littles, this is one deceptive Camaro-it really keeps you guessing at just how fast it might be. You need keen eyes to spot the well-hidden rollbar, and the full exhaust with tailpipes really muffles the racket of the solid roller 383 that currently powers this first-gen-until Doug rolls open the secondaries of his Demon carburetor. Then, there's no doubting this car's quarter-mile times in the 11.40-second range.
Doug built this car with help from his older brother, Scott, and his father, who passed away almost three years ago. Doug told us he wishes his dad were still around to see the car today, but we suspect there's so much of his dad in the car, it's like he's there with Doug each time he sits in the driver seat and turns the key.
Tech Notes
Who: Doug Young
What: '68 Chevrolet Camaro
Where: Canyon Country, California, a community in the city of Santa Clarita
Engine: F&F Machining in North Hollywood, California, did all the prep work on this 350-inch small-block, punched 0.030 over and stroked to 383 ci. Doug put it together with a Scat crank, stock 350 rods, and forged TRW pistons. The solid roller cam is a custom grind that measures 260/268 degrees duration at 0.050-inch tappet lift. Comp lifters and pushrods actuate Comp roller rocker arms, pushing the intake valves 0.610 inch off their seats. The exhaust lift is an equally impressive 0.615. The valves themselves are 2.08 and 1.94 inches and are also stainless steel. The cylinder heads are cast-iron Dart Sportsmans and were treated to "lots of headwork," according to Doug. The Barry Grant 750-cfm Demon carburetor feeds an Edelbrock Super Victor intake with annular discharge boosters.
Ignition: The stock distributor was fitted with a PerTronix pickup, and an MSD Digital 6 ignition box handles the sparking duties.
Exhaust: Doug bolted up a pair of big-tube Hooker Super Competition headers to his small-block. The 17/8-inch primaries dump into 3-inch collectors. The rest of the system was also constructed with 3-inch tubing with DynoMax race mufflers welded in.
Transmission: Seeking the dragstrip consistency of an automatic transmission, Doug swapped his manual trans for a bulletproof TH400 built by A1 Transmission, which relocated to Vancouver, Washington. It stalls at between 2,500 and 3,000 rpm with a 10-inch converter, and he ratchets through the gears of his reverse manual valvebody with the help of a B&M shifter. Oh, there's a transbrake, too, just to make things even more interesting.
Rearend: The driveshaft is stock GM, and it leads to a 12-bolt rear Doug bought from an Auto Trader ad for $300. It's stuffed with 4.10 gears and has survived more than 200 dragstrip passes.
Suspension: Mostly stock stuff here. Doug installed 90/10 shocks up front and a pair of Landrum leaf springs in the back helped out by a set of CalTracs bars.
Brakes/Wheels/Tires: Stock discs and 12-inch rear drums slow the car. The front Center Lines measure 3.5×15 inches and hold a cheapo, skinny radial tire; 28×10.5-inch Mickey Thompson E.T. Drag slicks are mounted on the 15×10 Center Lines out back.
Interior: Neat, clean, and understated best describe this Camaro's interior. Everything is mostly stock with the addition of the B&M Pro Ratchet shifter and a trio of universal-mount Auto Meter gauges. We especially like the factory tic-toc-tach. The six-point Chris Alston rollbar is virtually invisible from the outside of the car. The R.J.S. harnesses are about the only giveaway that this car is fast.
Paint/Body: All steel. No fiberglass add-ons or cowl hoods. Doug says his car weighs 3,400 pounds in race trim. That attractive shade of blue is Chevrolet Indigo Blue, and it was sprayed by John Vercoutere. R.W. Autobody in North Hollywood did all the bodywork.
Power: We have no reason to doubt Doug's claims that his engine makes 540 hp and 500 lb-ft. His best pass was at LACR, where he ran an 11.48 at 118 mph. He says he's hit 122 in the quarter-mile.