text:
DMD architecture and timing for use in a pulse-width modulated display system
It is possible to replace a standard tuning unit in a television with spatial light modulator circuitry to improve the resolution seen by the viewer. The invention herein provides a system architecture, individual part of the system and techniques for minimizing the burst data rate while maintaining a reasonable system speed. The resultant system provides better resolution with a manageable data rate and bandwidth.
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1. Field of the Invention
This invention deals with light modulators, more particularly with addressing and timing techniques for systems using these modulators.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Binary light modulators posses two states. One state, corresponding to a "zero", transmits no light. The other, corresponding to a "one", transmits light at the maximum intensity for whatever system is under consideration. In short, these modulators are either OFF or ON. As a result, only two discrete light levels exist at the viewer's eye, black and maximum brightness. Intermediate levels during pixel on/off state changes are ignored as they are of relatively short duration. To achieve intermediate (similar to analog) levels of light as perceived by the viewer, pulse-width modulation (PWM) techniques are employed.
The basic PWM scheme is as follows. The rate at which the analog images are to be presented to the viewer is determined. This establishes a frame rate (frequency) and a corresponding frame time. In a standard television system, for example, images are transmitted at 30 frames per second, and each frame lasts for approximately 33.3 milliseconds.
The intensity quantization for each sampled point in the frame, or image, which maps to one picture element (pixel), is established. Assuming 6 bits of quantization, this means 1 part in 64, 63 of which are non-zero. In this example, the frame time of 33.3 msec is divided into 63 equal time slices. The resulting time slice, or least-significant-bit (LSB) time, equals 33.3 msec/63 or 528.6 microseconds.
Having established these times, all possible analog pixel intensities as seen by the viewer are scaled and quantized, such that black is 0 time slices and maximum brightness is 63 time slices. The scales and quantized intensities set the on-time for the pixel so it is ON for the corresponding number of LSB times. In the simplest case, all pixels with a quantized value more than zero are turned ON at the beginning of a frame time, and they remain ON for the number of LSB times which correspond to their relative analog intensity. The viewer's eye will integrate the points of maximum intensity so that it would appear the same as if they were a temporally constant analog level of light.
The maximum burst bandwidth requirements for a binary modulator High Definition Television (HDTV) display using this scheme can be calculated as follows. Assuming worst case, where all pixels in a given frame will have intensity values between black and maximum brightness, all pixels will have to change at the beginning of the next frame. The LSB time can be calculated as follows: ##EQU1## So for these values, the LSB time would be 176.3 micro seconds. In this time period, 2,073,600 pixels (1920.times.1080) must be loaded. The data rate is given by the following: ##EQU2##
The data rate equals 11.76 Gigabits per second. The cost of building such a system is prohibitive.
There are many ways to implement PWM to lower the effective data rate. The data can be input to the pixel in a highly parallel fashion. For example, an input shift register which is partitioned into section of 8 pixels each, with an off-chip data input to each shift register can be added. For 1920 pixels that would be 240 shift registers, sharing a common clock. These 240 shift registers could be loaded with one row of data, using only eight clock pulses. This reduces the data rate by a factor of 240or 49.1 Mbits/second.
Additionally, the outputs of each shift register could drive a parallel data latch. This data latch stores the contents of the input shift registers after they have been filled. This allows the input shift registers to accept a new row of data while the previously latched data is stored in the selected row of the pixel array. Consequently, the pixel array will be addressed at a rate 8 times slower than that which the input circuitry is operating. This limits the high speed circuitry needed for the pixel chip.
The input shift register/parallel latch combination can be added at the top and bottom of the array. This allows the top and bottom half of the device to be addressed simultaneously. Now each set of registers/latches need only read in half the data in a given frame time. So the data rate is reduced by another factor of two. The new input data rate is 24.55 Mbits/second, but the pin count is 480.
While these architectural changes have drastically reduced the per pin input data rate to the pixel array at the expense of increased pin count, they have also imposed a constraint on the method of addressing the pixel. While the single input method is random access, the modified architectures of this type require the pixels to be addressed a row at a time.
Other objects and advantages will be obvious, and will in part appear hereinafter and will be accomplished by the present invention which provides a system for display of visual data. The system has as its parts a receiver, a tuner unit, a projection system and optics to make the data from the receiver viewable by an observer. The projection system further comprises a signal processing unit, a decimation processor, a memory unit, and a spatial light modulator circuit, including a light source.
The received data is of some existing standardized format, which is passed to the tuner unit. The tuner isolates the video signal and provides it to the signal processing unit which performs analog-to-digital conversion and enhances the signal. The digital signals are passed to the decimation processor for conversion into a format for the memory unit. The memory unit receives and holds the data until a full frame is prepared for display. The memory unit then provides the stored digital signals to the spatial light modulator array. The spatial light modulator array deflects selected ones of said array to modulate light from the light source. The modulated light passes to the viewer through the optics.
For a complete understanding of the invention, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 shows a block representation of a television system.
FIG. 2 shows a decimation processor.
FIGS. 3a, 3b, and 3c show some frame memory schemes.
FIG. 4 shows a deformable mirror device (DMD) integrated circuit device.
FIG. 5 shows an implementation of a block-clearing architecture.
FIG. 6a shows the timing diagram for PWM addressing using decimated binary data.
FIG. 6b shows the timing diagram for block-clearing architecture.
FIG. 7 shows a timing diagram for bit-period sharing addressing, using a block clearing architecture.
FIG. 8 shows a timing diagram for total addressed reset addressing.
FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a DMD superstrate with an integrated circuit device.
FIG. 10 shows an exploded view of a DMD integrated circuit device.
FIG. 11 shows an example of forced data and multiple simultaneous row addressing enhancements.
FIG. 12 shows an alternative approach for a forced data addressing enhancement.
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a preferred embodiment television system incorporating teachings of the present invention. Receiver 20 receives the television signal of some standardized format and passes it to the tuner unit 22. Tuner unit 22 splits the signal into an audio and a video component. The audio portion of the signal will not be considered further. The tuner passes the video signal into a signal processing unit 23 for analog-to-digital conversion and other enhancements. This step is only necessary if the tuner unit outputs an analog video signal. The enhanced digital signal 24 is sent to the projection system 26 which contains a decimation processor 28, a frame store 32 and a deformable mirror device circuit 36. The decimation processor converts the signal into a format for memory storage, and provides an output signal 30. This converted signal 30 then passes to the frame store circuitry where the data for each complete frame is gathered and stored. After a complete frame is stored, the data 34 is then passed to the DMD circuit 36 which generates the image through the optics 38 to the viewer 40.
An example of a suitable decimation processor 28 is shown in greater detail in FIG. 2. Enhanced digital data 24 enters the processor as a selected number of samples such as 6-bit samples for input register 27. For disclosure purposes the system shown is 6 bits, with the most-significant bit (MSB) is bit 5 and the least-significant bit (LSB) is bit 0. It is understood that these circuits could be easily set up to handle any number of bits desirable.
The 6-bit sample is then sent to a 1920.times.6-bit shift register 42. After the shift register 42 has been filled with 1920 data samples, the data in the shift register is passed to a directly connected "shadow memory" 43, which is also 1920.times.6-bits. The shadow memory 43 is considered to be an array of 6 rows, each consisting of 1920 bits. The data bits stored in any given row are of equal binary weight. For example, row 1 of the shadow memory might contain all of the bit 0 data from the 1920 input samples, row 2 has all of the bit 1 samples, etc. Each row in the shadow memory 43 is selected for readout by the output of a 1:6 decoder 44. The desired row is specified by a 3-bit select signal 46 input to the decoder. The selected row of 1920 bits from the shadow memory 43 is then applied to data bus 48 where it is sent to the data input of an array of 240 8:1 multiplexers 52. A 3-bit control signal 50 for horizontal position selection is sent simultaneously to all 8:1 multiplexers, which produce a 240-bit data stream 30. All 8 horizontal positions are sequentially selected by control signal 50.
An alternative embodiment to the 8:1 multiplexers could consist of 240 8-bit shift registers with a common clock 51b and common load control 51a. In this instance, reference number 52 would refer to an array of shift registers instead of an array of multiplexers. The selected row of 1920 bits from the shadow memory 43 is then applied to data bus 48 where it is sent to the data input of an array of 240 8:1 shift registers 52. Load control 51a is asserted to cause the contents of data bus 48 to be stored in an the array 52 of 240 individual 8-bit shift registers. Then 8 successive pulses are applied to 51b which cause the data in the shift register to be output onto data bus 30. The data stream 30 for each horizontal position passes into the frame store memory.
In both embodiments, the decimation processor 28 performs an inverse mapping function. The 1920 input samples of 6 bits each are stored in such a manner that these samples may be accessed as 6 output samples of 1920 bits. Each of the 6 output samples is then multiplexed to minimize the number of output connections from the decimation processor. This output multiplexing also serves to match the format of the data to the input data format of the DMD. The above embodiment is for a monochrome system. In order to accomplish a color system, the decimation processor can be duplicated as needed.
FIG. 3a shows a monochrome implementation for the frame store 32. After signal 24 is converted via decimation processor 28 and passed as signal 30 to the frame store memory, it is directed to one of two video frame memories 56a and 56b. If 56a currently is being displayed, the data stream 30 is directed by switch 54 to locations in frame memory 56b. The locations in memory cell array 60b, to which data stream 30 is directed are specified by address pointer 58b. Memory cell array 60b is composed of individual subarrays, one of which is 61b. All of the data bits of like weight (significance) for the frame which is being stored in memory cell array 60b are stored in the same subarray, one of which is 61b. When the system has finished displaying the contents of memory 56a, the contents of memory 56b are sent to the system via the output bus 63b of memory cell array 60b and switch 64. In order to have color, this scheme could be duplicated as needed as with the decimation processor.
An exploded view of individual subarray 61b is shown in FIG. 3b. The subarray 61b is divided into rows of smaller cells. A group of rows 57aor 57b, constitutes one video line of data. In this embodiment, where one half of a 1920.times.1080 array is addressed at one time, 57a presents line 1, and 57b represents line 540. Cell 59a holds the data for line 1, pixel 0. Cell 62a holds the data for line 1, pixel 7. The cells between them in the column hold data for pixels 1-6 for line 1. Similarly, cell 59b holds the data for pixel 8, line 1. Cell 59c holds the data for pixel 1094, line 1, and 59d holds the data for pixel 1912, line 1. The last pixel in line 1, pixel 1919 is held in cell 62b. The data is sent via bus 63b through switch 64 to the DMD array. This scheme is repeated for however many video lines are in the system, for each of the individual subarrays as shown in FIG. 3a.
Another embodiment for a color system is shown in FIG. 3c. The video signal is fed into three decimation processors via line 24a, 24b and 24c. Decimation processors 28a, 28b and 28c send the converted data along lines 30a, 30b and 30c to a bus line 65. The data on bus line 65 is loaded into the memory location specified by address pointer 58. Pointer 58 then loads the memory cell array 60 by color. The top third of the memory cell subarray 64a is for color 1, the second third 64b for color 2 and the bottom third 64c for color 3. Individual subarray 67, which is identical to the other subarrays shown, is similar to the detailed drawing in FIG. 3b. Data processed in this manner would lead to the sending of all three colors sequentially to the DMD circuitry.
One embodiment of the DMD integrated circuit is shown in FIG. 4. Data from the frame store circuitry 32 is passed to the integrated circuit device 68 via bus 34 in FIG. 1. Line 34 can actually be divided into two busses, 34a and 34b. Bus 34a conducts the data for the upper half of the DMD array, and bus 34b conducts the data for the lower half of the array mirrors. The data is sent to a shift register 70a. When the register is full, the data is then passed to a parallel latch 74a. The set of lines 72a controls the loading of the shift register and the parallel latch. After the data is latched, it travels to the upper half of a 1920.times.1080 array of the actual deformable mirror devices 80. The row of the addressing circuitry under the mirrors is selected by the row select line 78a through row decoder 76a. Simultaneously, the same operations are occurring in the lower half of the array. The mirrors of the array are then addressed and deflected to produce an image which is passed through optics to the viewer.
At this point the DMD display device consists of a DMD pixel array, input shift registers and latches, and row select decoders. The architecture is now modified to allow all of the pixels in a selected block of the DMD to be switched to the OFF state in a short amount of time, as shown in block form in FIG. 5. The parallel storage latches 74 are modified to include a CLEAR line 92 in FIG. 5. The CLEAR line causes the data driving the columns in the DMD array to be set to a state corresponding to the OFF pixel position when asserted. Additionally, the row select decoder 76 is modified to add a number of select lines which serve to cause one block of rows such as 90a to be selected at the same time.
To set a block of pixels to the OFF state, the CLEAR line 92 to the parallel storage latches 74 is asserted. Next, the block select line 84 for the block of pixel rows to be switched to the OFF state is asserted. Finally, a reset pulse is applied to the individual beam mirrors and the mirror are deflected to the OFF state. Although eight blocks of rows are shown in FIG. 5, with the rows of a given block being consecutive, there is no reason to be limited to this arrangement. The number of blocks may vary between 1 and the designer's imagination. Also, row of pixels in the blocks may be connected in an interleaved (or any other) configuration instead of consecutively.
In FIG. 6a, the timing diagram for a standard addressing scheme is shown. Line 94 denotes one frame time. Line 96 shows segments that correspond to the amount of time for each different binary weighting of the data. Segment 98 is the time period of display of the most significant bit (MSB) of the system. In this case, the MSB is bit 5, since this is a 6-bit system, which has a display time 98 of 32 LSB-times. Segment 100 is the time period of display for the next bit, bit 4, which has a display time of 16 LSB-times. Similarly, segment 102 is for bit 3, with a time of 8 LSB-times, segment 104 is for bit 2, with a time of 4 LSB-times, segment 106 is for bit 1, with a time of 2 LSB-times, and finally, time for bit 0 is shown in segment 108, with a time of 1 LSB-times.
The mirror state for the above time segments are shown on line 110. The data load pulses are shown on line 112 and the beam resets, which are applied to the metal of the beam to set them to the next state specified by the just-loaded data bits, are shown on line 114. Mirror state 116 is achieved by the following process. The data is loaded onto the electrodes for bit 5 during the time period shown by load pulse 118. The reset pulse 120 starts the frame time by resetting the mirrors to show the new data loaded during data load time 118. Thirty-one LSB times into the display time for bit 5, 116, the data for bit 4 is loaded during time 122. At the end of the data load time 122, which occurs at the same time as the end of the display time for bit 5, 116, the reset pulse 124 sets the mirrors to their new state for display time 126. This process is repeated for bits 3, 2, 1 and 0. The time to load and display one complete frame is a constant. In this example, the frame time 94 is divided into (32+16+8+4+2+1=63 LSB-times) so each LSB-time is 1/63 of the total frame time.
The minimum peak data rate is determined by the shortest time interval in which all of the bits of a given significance must be loaded onto the DMD array. In FIG. 6a the time to load all of the data for a given significance was one LSB-time. The collection of all data bits of the same binary weight from a given frame is referred to as a bit-frame. For a 6-bit system, there are 6 bit-frames of data per frame. It is desirable to reduce the peak data rate, most likely by sacrificing some other aspect of the DMD display system performance. FIG. 6b shows how this can be accomplished by using the block architecture shown in FIG. 5.
In FIG. 6b, the frame time is shown on line 128. The group of lines 130 constitute the timing diagram for the first block in the architecture, shown in FIG. 5 as block 90a. Line 132 is the mirror state, line 134 is the mirror reset pulse, line 136 indicates the addressing clear pulses and line 140 is the data load pulses. Note that when line 132 is shown to have the low state, as in segment 156, all of the mirrors are in the OFF state. The addressing clear pulses line 136 is a representation of the CLEAR line and block select sequence previously discussed in FIG. 5. This representation is used in FIGS. 6a, 6b and 7. Mirror display state 138 is achieved by loading the most significant bit of data, bit 5, for block 90a during load time 141, and resetting the mirrors to the new data with reset pulse 142. One LSB-time after the start of time 138, the MSB of data, bit 5, for block 90b has been loaded. The state of the mirrors 144 on line 146 for block 90b changes to that of the data just loaded after the reset pulse. The shifting in phase by 1 LSB-time of the loading and displaying of data is carried through the other blocks, 90c-90h as well.
At the time interval of 31 LSB-times, the data for bit 4 of block 90a is loaded during the time 148. The data loaded during time 148 corresponds to mirror display state 150. Beam reset 152 causes the mirrors to change to the data corresponding to state 150. The mirror state 150 is held for 16 LSB-times. This process is continued until mirror state 154, which is for block 90a, bit 2. Since the weighting for that pulse is only 4 LSB-times and it takes 8 LSB-times to load the whole device, (1 LSB-time per block), the data for bit 2, blocks 90e-90h has not been loaded yet. To accommodate this situation, the mirrors in block 90a are turned off for a period of 4 LSB-times, shown for block 90a as line segment 156. To achieve the OFF state, the address clear signal pulse 160 occurs and beam reset pulse 162 occurs to reset the mirrors to the OFF state. The mirrors remain OFF for 4 LSB-times. Three LSB-times into that period, the data for bit 1, block 90a is loaded in during time 164. The process repeats for this bit and the next with the OFF times increasing to 6 LSB-times for bit 1 and 7 LSB-times for bit 0. Therefore, the total frame time to load and display one frame of data is now the 63 LBS-times from the standard addressing scheme discussed above, plus 4 OFF LSB-times, plus 6 OFF LSB-times, plus 7 OFF LSB-times, totaling 80 LSB-times. Since, the frame time is a constant, the LSB-time in this example is 1/80 of the total frame time, making the LSB-time in this example shorter than the LSB-times for FIG. 6a. The addressing scheme shown in FIG. 6b reduces the peak data rate, nominally by a factor of 8. This is due to the fact that only 1/8 as many pixels are loaded in 1 LSB time in FIG. 6b as are loaded in 1 LSB time in FIG. 6a. However, although the frame times in FIG. 6a and FIG. 6b are equal, the corresponding LSB times are not. In FIG. 6a, the LSB time is 1/63 of the frame time, while in FIG. 6b the LSB time is 1/80 of the frame time. As a result of the difference in LSB times, the actual reduction in data rate resulting from using the addressing scheme in FIG. 6b instead of that in FIG. 6a is 8:1.times.(63/80).apprxeq.6.3:1.
Although the addressing scheme shown in FIG. 6b has reduced the peak data rate considerably, this reduction has occurred at the expense of optical efficiency. In FIG. 6a, if a pixel were at maximum brightness, it would be on for 63 out of 63 LSB times, which is a 100% addressing efficiency. However, using the addressing scheme of FIG. 6b, if a pixel were at maximum brightness, it would only be on for 63 out of 80 LSB times because the pixels are always off for 17 LSB times, resulting in an optical efficiency of approximately 79%.
It is desirable to boost the optical efficiency of the addressing scheme of FIG. 6b while maintaining the decreased peak data rate into the DMD. One way to boost the optical efficiency of the scheme of FIG. 6b is to reduce the number of LSB times when the mirrors are always off. FIG. 7 is a slight modification to FIG. 6b which accomplishes this goal. As a side benefit, there is also a slight decrease in the peak data rate of the scheme of FIG. 6b. In FIG. 7, the frame time is represented by line 166. The group of lines 130 again shown the significant signals for block 1. Line 132 is again the mirror state, line 134 is the beam reset, line 136 is the address clear, and line 140 is the data load line. In this scheme, the data for bit 5, the MSB is loaded during time 168, the mirrors are reset with pulse 172 and the data is displayed during mirror state 170 for 8 LSB-times. Seven LSB-times into the display period, the data for bit 1 is loaded during time 174 and set on the mirrors with reset pulse 176. The data is displayed for mirror state time 178 which completes the required time for bit 1 of 2 LSB-times. The data for bit 5 is then reloaded onto the mirrors at time 180 and the mirror state is caused to change back to the bit 5 state by reset pulse 182. The data for bit 5 is displayed for mirror state time 184 which is equal to 16 LSB-times. So at this point data for bit 5 has been displayed for 24 LSB-times, which is three-fourths of the total requirement. The data for bit 0 is loaded with pulse 202 and displayed for 1 LSB-time 186 completing the requirement for bit 0. Data for bit 5 is then reloaded again during time 204 and displayed during mirror state time 188 and displayed for 8 LSB-times, raising its total display time to 32 LSB-times, thereby completing its requirement as specified by its binary weight. Mirror display time 190 is for bit 4, display time 192 is for bit 3, and display time 194 is for bit 2. This completes the requirements for all of the bits to be displayed for their proper amount of time, according to their binary weighting.
The timing diagrams for blocks 90a-90d are the same except they are shifted in phase. This is not true when comparing blocks 90a-90d with blocks 90e-90h. The timing diagram for block 90e is denoted by the group of lines 206. Since the data is loaded and displayed in the same manner as in all of the other blocks, only line 207 will be discussed. Mirror display time 208 is for bit 5, which is displayed for 8 LSB-times. Similar to block 1, the data for bit 1 is loaded and displayed for time 210 which is 2 LSB-times, thereby completing its requirement. Segment 212 is for the display of bit 5 again, which is displayed for 24 LSB-times, which completes its requirement. Note that this is different than block 1. Time 222 on the diagram denotes the total time it takes to display bit 4. Bit 4 is displayed for 4 LSB-times in segment 214, but then the data for bit 0 is loaded and displayed for 1 LSB-time. Bit 4 is reloaded and displayed for its remaining requirement, 12 LSB-times in segment 218. The result of this is that time 222 is 17 LSB-times, not 16 as is standard. This longer time is accounted for by gap 220 between load pulses 221 and 223, on block 90d and 90e respectively. This gap is also accounted for in blocks 90a-90c. Looking at block 90a, a gap 196 can be seen between segment 192 and 194. This is caused by the fact that bit 2 cannot be loaded until bit 3 is completely loaded. Bit 3 is not loaded in block 8 until 8 LSB-times later, because of the gap caused in block 5 by the loading of bit 0 data during the display of bit 4 data. The resultant total display time is 71 LSB-times, which is shorter than the scheme discussed in FIG. 6b, and has a lower data rate than the scheme is FIG. 6a. There is also a significantly higher number of reset pulses associated with this method.
It is desirable to avoid the effects associated with a multitude of reset pulses in a given frame time, so a method of addressing the DMD is desirable which avoids these potential effects. FIG. 8 shows one such method, referred to as the total addressed reset (TAR) method. There are three primary differences from this method and the bit-period sharing method discussed above.
First, in the TAR method the whole DMD is loaded with the bit-frame data for a particular bit before a reset pulse is applied to the pixels, while the bit-period method loads a part of the DMD (one block) and then a reset is applied. Second, in the TAR method the whole device is loaded in 8 LSB times. In the previous method, the whole device was loaded in 8 intervals of one bit-frame each, resulting in the same overall data load time.
In FIG. 8, line 228 shows what mirror state the viewer sees. The viewer sees bit 5 230a being on for a period of time that is equivalent to 32 LSB-times, followed by bit 4 230b for half of the time of bit 5. The pattern continues until it reaches the point of time between bits 2 230d and 1 230e. At this point there is actually a period of all of the mirrors being OFF. Of course, in reality the viewer cannot actually see this because it is a far higher frequency than the critical flicker frequency of the human eye. After the appropriate amount of time, bit 0 230f is displayed.
Line 232 is the timing of the data loading. Each of the loading times, 232a- 232f is equal to 8 LSB-times. Bit 5 232a is loaded just before display time for bit 5 shown on line 228. Similarly, all bits are loaded just previous to the display time on line 228. The long intervals are the same for each bit. Line 234 is address reset line and 236 is the beam reset line. The address reset is for resetting all the pixels in the array in a short amount of time. There is a considerable reduction in the number of reset pulses sent to the beams. This eliminates wear and tear on the mechanical parts of the beams.
An architecture that allows the above discussed processes to be implemented is shown in FIG. 9. The simple DMD chip 68 from FIG. 4 has become one part of the DMD superstrate 240. Lines 34a and 34b come into the circuit via demultiplexers (8:128) 242a and 242b. The resultant signals are sent out in 16-bit lines to First-In-First-Out (FIFO) buffers 244a through 244d and 244b through 244c. The outputs of the FIFOs are transferred to the DMD chip via lines 246a and 246b. Control signals enter the DMD chip via line 78, line select, and line 248, frame reset.
An exploded view of the DMD device 68 is shown in FIG. 10. Data from the bus lines 246a and 246b enter the mirror arrays 80a and 80b via the demultiplexers (1:8.times.128) 250a and 250b. Line select signal 78 is divided into a lower line select which enters the decoder for the lower array 76b and a upper line select which enters the upper array decoder 76a. The frame reset signal on line 248 is also divided to access lower mirror 80b and upper mirror array 80a. This revised architecture can support the different addressing schemes discussed above, in addition to many others, making the device much more versatile and adaptable.
Additional enhancements may be made to the above architecture to increase the speed. One of such enhancements is to have a data input structure such that either the normal input data may be selected or a constant input data may be selected. Such an enhancement is shown in FIG. 11. For normal data input, where the data is unique, the output from the input data multiplexers 252a through 252b which are fed through lines 254a through 254c, is selected to drive the array columns. For forced data input, where the data is constant, from pixel to pixel the forced data on lines 256a and 256b is applied to the columns. Selection of this data is accomplished by multiplexers 258a and 258b. This allows constant data to be applied to the rows of the DMD mirror array (shown as the lower array) 80b at a rate which is limited by the speed of the forced data multiplexer and the row select decoder 76b with input lines 260 which are control signals determining multiple or individual row selections.
A similar enhancement allows multiple rows to be addressed simultaneously by constructing the decoder such that rows may be addressed on at a time or in groups. The grouping is arranged for the maximum benefit of the given application. Thus, the grouping may be such that any number and combination of rows may be addressed as a single group, and any number of groups may be defined. This definition of groups then specifies the decoder construction.
Thus, although there has been described to this point a particular embodiment for a display system and its architecture, it is not intended that such specific references be considered as limitations upon the scope of this invention except in-so-far as set forth in the following claims.
1. A method of displaying data comprising address memory cells and loading display data into said memory cells, wherein said display data is comprised of at least two data bits, transferring the contents of said memory cells onto display pixels so that each said data bit is displayed for a portion of the total frame time appropriate for the level of significance of said data bit.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said display pixels are grouped into blocks, further comprising clearing at least one of said blocks of said display pixels while displaying data with another of said blocks.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said display pixels are grouped into 8 blocks.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said display pixels are grouped into blocks, such that one block is loaded during a period equal to the shortest data bit display period.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein all said data bits of an equivalent significance are not displayed simultaneously.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein all data bits of an equivalent significance are displayed simultaneously, said method further comprising loading said data bits for a subsequent display period during a present display period when said present display period is longer than the time required to load said data bits for said subsequent display period.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein all data bits of an equivalent significance are displayed simultaneously, said method further comprising clearing all of said display pixels after all display periods which are shorter than the time required to load data bits for a subsequent display period, and loading said data bits for a subsequent period while said display pixels are cleared.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein not all of said at least two bits are displayed in order of said significance.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the display period for at least one of said data bits is comprised of at least two non-contiguous sub-periods.
10. A method of displaying data comprising:
- a. providing a display data word, said data word having at least two data bits;
- b. loading one of said data bits into a memory cell;
- c. displaying said data bit by altering the state of a display pixel based on said data bit loaded in said memory cell, wherein said display pixel is altered for a display period dependent on the level of significance of said data bit loaded in said memory cell;
- d. loading another one of said data bits into a memory cell during said display period;
- e. repeating said steps of displaying said data bit and loading another one of said data bits until all of said at least two data bits have been displayed.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein said display pixels are grouped into blocks, further comprising clearing at least one said blocks of said display pixels while displaying data with another of said blocks.
12. The method of claim 10 wherein said display pixels are grouped into 8 blocks.
13. The method of claim 10 wherein said display pixels are grouped into blocks, such that one block is loaded during a period equal to the shortest data bit display period.
14. The method of claim 10 wherein all said data bits of an equivalent significance are not displayed simultaneously.
15. The method of claim 10 wherein the display period for at least one of said data bits is comprised of at least two non-contiguous sub-periods.
16. A method of displaying data comprising:
- a. providing a display data word, said data word having at least two data bits;
- b. loading one of said data bits into a memory cell;
- c. displaying said data bit by altering the state of a display pixel based on said data bit loaded in said memory cell, wherein said display pixel is altered for a display period dependent on the level of significance of said data bit loaded in said memory cell;
- d. clearing said display pixel at the end of said display period;
- e. loading another one of said data bits into a memory cell;
- f. repeating said steps of displaying said data bit, clearing said display, pixel, and loading another one of said data bits until all of said at least two data bits have been displayed.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein said display pixels are grouped into blocks, further comprising clearing at least one of said blocks of said display pixels while displaying data with another of said blocks.
18. The method of claim 16 wherein said display pixels are grouped into blocks, such that one block is loaded during a period equal to the shortest data bit display period.
19. The method of claim 16 wherein all said data bits of an equivalent significance are not displayed simultaneously.
20. The method of claim 16 wherein the display period for at least one of said data bits is comprised of at least two non-contiguous sub-periods.
Referenced Cited
Patent History
Type: Grant
Filed: Oct 15, 1993
Date of Patent: Aug 16, 1994
Assignee: Texas Instruments Incorporated (Dallas, TX)
Inventors: Paul M. Urbanus (Dallas, TX), Jeffrey B. Sampsell (Plano, TX)
Primary Examiner: Mark R. Powell
Attorneys: Julie L. Reed, James C. Kesterson, Richard L. Donaldson
Application Number: 8/137,650
International Classification: H04N 500;


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Award winning author and Journalism professor Alan Weisman talks with Jim about his latest book Countdown: Our Last, Best Hope for a Future on Earth? in which Weisman focuses on the drastic increase in the human population and how its affecting earth.
The Advocate columnist Pam Bordelon, of Pam's Party Line, joins Jim in the studio to chat about the Mardi Gras festivities, Louisiana's big night at the 86th annual Academy Awards, and much, much more.
Also, theater director Brian Breen and stage actors Sam Bryan and Mattie Olson stop by the studio to discuss To Kill a Mockingbird which Breen is directing at the Ascension Community Theater in Gonzales, La. The play will be showing until March 16th.

subset: commoncrawl


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|Written by
|Joe Raposo
| Green Fox Music Inc.
Jonico Music, Inc.
|Episode 0347
Joe Raposo sings "Take a Breath" over footage of live animals breathing. It was later re-recorded by Elmo for a tribute album to Raposo. This particular cover uses the backing track from the televised version.
- Audio (Vikki Carr and Luis' version)
- ¡Sesame Mucho! (1974)
- Audio (Elmo's version)
- Sing: Songs of Joe Raposo (1992)
- Platinum Too (1997)
- The Best of Elmo (1997)
- E is for Elmo! (2018)
- Audio (Elmo and Rosita's version)
- Fiesta Songs! (1998)
- Video (original version)
- Old School: Volume 1—as a Season 3 Classic Cuts bonus feature
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.


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Invest in making our communities a sustainable place to live, work, and play.
Experience Green's mission is to build sustainable communities that benefit the planet, its people and prosperity. A strong economy brings prosperity, a healthy and balanced ecology benefits our planet and economy, and well managed resources meet needs of the people and ensure the quality of life that is loved by all inhabitants. Join us.


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Mars 'air' found thinner
Excerpt from the February 15, 1964, issue of Science News Letter
The atmosphere on Mars is as thin as the earthly air 15 miles above the surface, the American Meteorological Society meeting in Los Angeles was told. Martian "air" is mostly nitrogen, with a little carbon dioxide and traces of oxygen and water vapor, unlike that on earth. The Martian atmosphere has now been found to be about a third as dense as previously believed. The finding has forced scientists to revise their designs of capsules that could land on Mars…. A thinner Martian atmosphere means designing a parachute system that will operate at such a low pressure or allowing more weight for retro-rockets to slow the capsule.
All the probes that have landed on Mars have used parachutes to slow in the thin atmosphere. The Soviet Mars 2 lander was first in 1971, but its parachute did not deploy


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- Duration of movie : 97
- Societies of production : Overbrook Films
- Tagline : It's SPY Against SPY
- Movie Genre : Action, Comedy, Romance,
- Film Note : -movie_rating-
- Original title : This Means War
- Release Date of film : 2012-02-17
- Status : Released
- Youtube Id : -youtube_id-
- Average rate : 5.8
- Languages ??spoken : English
- Vote Count : 549
- Reese Witherspoon Character (Lauren)
- Chris Pine Character (FDR Foster)
- Tom Hardy Character (Tuck)
- Laura Vandervoort Character (Britta)
- Angela Bassett Character (Collins)
- Kasey Ryne Mazak Character (Ken)
- Warren Christie Character (Steve)
- Natassia Malthe Character (Xenia)
- Til Schweiger Character (Heinrich)
- Chelsea Handler Character (Trish)
- John Paul Ruttan Character (Joe)
- Abigail Spencer Character (Katie)
- Rosemary Harris Character (Nana Foster)
- George Touliatos Character (Grandpa Foster)
- Clint Carleton Character (Jonas)
- Leela Savasta Character (Kelly)
- Paul Wu Character (Korean Leader)
- Daren A. Herbert Character (Agent Bothwick)
- Kevin O'Grady Character (Agent Boyles)
- Jesse Reid Character (Agent Dickerman)
This Means War Synopsis:
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Ahead of Natural Gas' 11% Slump, the Hot Money Was Getting Out
- Order Reprints
- Print Article
Natural-gas futures settled this afternoon with a remarkable 11% slump, the biggest one-day percentage drop since August 2007. Vortex, schmortex.
In the ETF market, it looks like lots of traders were girding up for just this sort of tumble.
From Chris Dieterich of the Wall Street Journal:
While buyers have bid up nat-gas prices over worries that demand for the indoor-heating fuel will overwhelm supplies, money has flowed out of the $654 million U.S. Natural Gas ETF and other nat-gas tracking ETFs in recent weeks.
Some $366 million, or about 36% of the US Natural Gas (UNG) ETF's total assets, has poured out so far in 2014, according to research firm ETF.com. Nearly $8 million has drained from the smaller, $23 million United States 12 Month Natural Gas fund (UNL).
Meanwhile, the money has flowed into the bearish leveraged ETF:
The VelocityShares 3x Inverse Natural Gas exchange-traded note (DGAZ), which offers bigger-than-market gains when natural gas falls, has attracted $449 million this year.
The number of the VelocityShares ETN's outstanding ETN shares has jumped by about 12 times, to 127 million, since the start of this year, according to VelocityShares.
The ETF crowd wasn't the only doubter when it comes to the natural gas rally. Last week this blog highlighted the note "Natural Gas: payback in coming" by Morgan Stanley's commodity strategists.


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InnoGames, based in Hamburg, is one of the leading developers and publishers of online games with more than 120 million registered players around the world. We have been characterized by dynamic growth ever since the company was founded in 2007. In order to further expand our success and to realize new projects, we are constantly looking for young talents, experienced professionals, and creative thinkers.
Your Tasks
We offer
Create your career!
Do you (m/f) enjoy challenges? Would you like to become part of a dynamic team and work as a Senior Producer (m/f) at our house?
If so, please submit your application (Cover letter, CV, and degrees), including your salary expectations and your date of availability through our online application form. Please let us know how you found InnoGames.


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Welcome to the online link to the Student Achievement School Accountability (SASA) Resources - Family and Community Engagement (FACE). The SASA - FACE team consists of partners from Title III (English Language Learners), Title I Part D (Neglect and Delinquent), McKinney-Vento (Homeless Education), and Title I Part A (Program and IT staff). This link provides a forum for sharing FACE tools/resources with States, school districts, and parents in an effort to encourage partnerships between families, schools, and communities.
Laws, Regs, and Guidance
Title III, Part A, Family Engagement
Language Instruction for Limited English Proficient and Immigrant Students
- Parent Notification and Participation: ESEA Section 3302
- Webinar: Engaging Parents and Communities in the Education of English Learners PPT April 18, 2012
McKinney-Vento Homeless Family Engagement
Title I Part D, Family Involvement
- EDPubs - Order Free U.S. Department of Education Publications: http://www.edpubs.gov
- Handbook on Family and Community Engagement: www.families-schools.org/
- National Title I Association: www.nationaltitleiassociation.org/
Last Modified: 05/22/2012


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Philip Yancey, author of What Good Is God?: In Search of a Faith That Matters
The decade since 9/11 has taught us the limits of force. Imposing democracy on Iraq and Afghanistan has come at a terrible cost to all parties, with no guarantee of long-term success. Meanwhile, Tunisia and Egypt gained freedom almost overnight in a grassroots protest against powerful regimes.
As Christians, we believe in a counterforce of grace. Lewis Smedes and others have identified three stages of forgiveness: first, recognize the worth of the person you are forgiving; second, surrender the right to get even; third, put yourself on the same side as the one who wronged you. Increasingly, I'm convinced that we need more of this attitude toward those who seek to harm us.
In 1999, Australian missionary Graham Stuart Staines was burned to death by a Hindu mob in Orissa, India. In 2007, German missionary Tilman Geske was tortured and murdered by five Turkish fanatics. The widows of both men made sensational headlines in those countries by repeating the words of Jesus: "Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do."
I am not a pacifist; I believe that we must pursue justice. Yet a Christian history stained by anti-Semitism—holding an entire people responsible for the actions of a few—teaches us the terrible consequences of not following Jesus' way. We dare not do to Muslims what we have, to our shame, done to Jews.
* * *
Harry R. Jackson Jr., international presiding bishop of the International Communion of Evangelical Churches
I will never forget evacuating our ministry's downtown offices in Washington, D.C., on 9/11. For the first time in my life, I watched the U.S. population collectively experience a sense of ...1


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LG may well find itself in some trouble with studios after its user manuals were found to contain details of how to watch illegally downloaded material on LG's hardware.
The whole kafuffle stems from the release of a line of HDTV's from LG that boast USB ports, allowing users to plug external storage directly into their displays and watch any content that they've got stored on those drives directly on their LG TV. Of course, the assumption might be that such content has been legally obtained, but LG's own manual doesn't seem too fussy, showing pirated content in its diagrams of the functionality.


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Depending where you look, NBA experts are predicting the Orlando Magic will finish the regular season anywhere from 11th to last in the Eastern Conference.
The preseason did little to change those perceptions, but the preseason resulted in a dream come true for Mount Dora's Solomon Jones, who made the Magic's regular-season roster.
In their exhibition finale Friday night, as they lost to the New Orleans Pelicans 101-82, the Magic displayed many of the same weaknesses that plagued them all month long: too many turnovers, an inability to defend without fouling and some suspect defense.
"It was a good opportunity for the coaches to kind of get a feel for our group as a whole," swingman Arron Afflalo said. "To give some of the veterans significant minutes probably wouldn't have been beneficial for the group."
After the exhibition ended, Magic officials announced they had waived four players on non-guaranteed contracts: center Mickell Gladness, guard Manny Harris, swingman Kris Joseph and their second-round pick, combo forward Romero Osby.
Jones, a 29-year-old journeyman center/power forward, earned the last roster spot. The roster now stands at the NBA maximum of 15 players, including Hedo Turkoglu.
Jones wasn't available for comment after the team announced its roster moves.
In addition to Jones making the team, the eight exhibition games produced other positives, including the energetic play of rookie guard Victor Oladipo and improved ball-handling from small forward Maurice Harkless.
To be sure, it's dangerous to put too much credence into what happens during meaningless exhibition games.
But, still, some of the problems were reminiscent of Orlando's struggles last season, when they finished with an NBA-worst 20-62 record.
In eight preseason games, they finished 2-6.
Orlando committed 20.6 turnovers per game. The Magic also allowed their opponents to attempt 28.5 free throws per game.
One of the problems might have been continuity. Coach Jacque Vaughn played his veterans limited minutes; veteran point guard Jameer Nelson only played four of the eight exhibitions and sat out the final three.
Only one Magic player started all eight exhibitions: Harkless.
"I pretty much have a feel for playing with everyone now," Harkless said. "I think [Vaughn] did a good job of everyone playing together a good amount of minutes."
Friday's exhibition yielded one frightening moment during the second quarter for the announced crowd of 13,401.
Pelicans center Greg Stiemsma blocked a shot and then dived into the courtside seats for the loose ball. He collided with a pregnant former Magic Dancer who was sitting in the second row, and the impact flipped her onto the ground.
Stiemsma and her husband helped her up immediately, and she watched some of the third quarter from a much safer seat in Amway Center's stands.
Before the preseason started, Vaughn said his top priority was to keep his players completely healthy.
But coaches can't control that.
Young combo forward Tobias Harris seems unlikely to play anytime soon because of a sprained left ankle.
Harris has worn a walking boot over his left foot since he aggravated the ankle last weekend.
Could it take him a while to heal?
"Yes, it might," Harris said. "But I'm just trying to be as conscientious as I can with my rehab and come in every day and get it better. Hopefully, I'll be back out on the court soon."
For now, Harris' absence slightly clarifies how Vaughn will structure his starting lineup when the regular season begins Tuesday against the Indiana Pacers.
Harris was a contender to be the team's starting power forward, but now it appears that Vaughn will choose between Kyle O'Quinn, Jason Maxiell and Andrew Nicholson early in the regular season.
Vaughn said he hasn't made his decision about who will start at power forward Tuesday night in Indianapolis.
Oladipo almost certainly will be the first guard off the Magic's bench.
He attended Indiana University, and he's already been inundated with ticket requests.
"It's going to be fun," Oladipo said. "My family's going to be there. Friends, classmates. It's going to be an amazing atmosphere, so I'm looking forward to that, too."
firstname.lastname@example.com. Read his blog at OrlandoSentinel.com/magicblog and follow him on Twitter at @JoshuaBRobbins.


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Set at the foot of the majestic Front Range of the Rocky Mountains, Boulder is a medium-sized city that offers world-class recreational, dining and cultural opportunities. Conveniently located 25 minutes northwest of Denver, it also provides its residents with access to all of the amenities of a major metropolitan area. Whether you're a UC Boulder student, a lifelong Front Ranger or a coastal transplant, you'll be amazed at Boulder's diversity and vibrancy.
Boulder Attractions
As the home of the University of Colorado, Boulder has all of the cultural amenities that you'd expect to find in a world-class college town. Its downtown streets are lined with an eclectic mix of student friendly shops and restaurants, as well as fine dining establishments and high-end boutiques that cater to the academics and venture capitalists who make their home here. The city also hosts several important annual festivals, including the Boulder International Film Festival.
Boulder Natural Beauty
Boulder is just a short drive from some of the tallest Rocky Mountain peaks. Just to the west of town, the Flatirons rock formations offer endless hiking, rock and ice climbing opportunities. Further into the foothills, Boulder Canyon and Eldorado Springs contain similar structures and attract thousands of climbers from around the region each year. Just an hour away, Rocky Mountain National Park offers classic high-country activities and seasonal opportunities to view big game like elk and moose.
Boulder Apartments
With hundreds of available Boulder Colorado apartments from which to choose, finding the perfect living space here can seem challenging. Fortunately, Apartment Guide maintains a comprehensive list of Boulder rentals for virtually every budget and taste. If you're looking for student friendly one-bedroom apartments in Boulder CO, simply enter those criteria into our easy-to-use search feature and browse your results. If you're interested in pet friendly three-bedroom Boulder CO rentals in family neighborhoods, Apartment Guide can help with this as well. In fact, our search feature allows you to whittle down your choices by specifying amenities like covered parking, pool and gym access, 24-hour security and concierge services. Let Apartment Guide do the hard work of finding Boulder apartments for rent on your behalf!


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10COM is an independent pan-European initiative that strives for the development of a comprehensive set of principal measures and rulings to:
1. safeguard and secure the use of Internet, digital data and digital runned devices within the EU;
2. empower the >European Union, it's memberstates, organisations, companies and citizens, in the fields of internet, ICT, mobile, digital, software and applications.
Means to reach these goals:
► raise awareness on what 10COM calls 'digital data trafficking' and 'data ownership monopolisation'.
► inform about internet and ICT technologies - you don't have to understand how a car engine works, but it's good to know how to brake, shift, light, wipe windows, open and lock the car.
► develop frameworks for projects that actively can support the goals in practice;
► design pieces of legislature and a framework of effective smart basic rulings - internet is a new domain of policy, needing a new legislative approach. Bertha Benz didn't need rules as she drove the first fuel-engined automobile. Her grand-grand children can only drive safely because there are rules, for cars and for roads.
► build up a knowledge & ideas-exchange network with European companies, institutions, citizens;
► stimulate new thinking and acting, fresh opinions and arguments;
► reset the European mindset to focus on barriers how to reach a (digital) single market;
► train the European Union and EU governements in entrepeneurial thinking and acting, moving politicians and civil servants from the sub-transparent EU writing-and-discussing arena into the fresh air.
The Age of Digital at the moment is for an important part owned and controlled by a few US based privately held companies. European citizens, politicians, companies and governing bodies have no (effective) governing powers, are not effectively active in governing boards, are not running influentual companies.
10COM aims to rearrange this situation to make the global power-balance more equal. So within the EU, the Age of Digital can be lived along the lines of general norms and values as accepted and promoted by the European Union. With democratic influence of citizens, transparancy, privacy, delivering innovation, security, profit and wealth.
10COM combines modern means of communications and influencing with old school techniques and methods of analogue social positive activism. Agile, free of dogma's, argument and opinion centred, not ego-centred, not for profit, think-tank, taskforce, consultancy.
10COM uses rulings and legislature in the first place as building material, not as instruments of control and oppression.
10COM sees citizens as co-creators, politicians of different 'colours' as part of balanced democratic decision-making, journalists as informers and watchdogs, diversity and differences as conditions sine qua non and unique selling points.
10COM is representing nobody, works for the collective 'well being' of euverybody.
Opinions published are not always ours. 10com aims to stimulate new ways of thinking and acting.
One method is provoking, polarising, sharing fresh opinions from others, to make steps, remove barriers or go around them, paving new paths.
1 | 0 - the 1 and 0 of the binary coding system, symbolising the Age of Digital.
I O - the on/of switch of electronic devices, symbolising the power to decide.
COM - communications, company & competition.
COMM - commandments as meant in 'ten commandments'.
10com stands for digital communications, exchange of information.
10com stands for the principle of basic, long-life, broad supported, effective rulings.
10com stands for being able to decide, how internet and digital data flows are governed.
10com stands for minimal 10 independent, influential EU-based IT & internet companies.


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- Home
- Insights
- Industries
- Services
- Careers
- Alumni
Maintaining our reputation as a leading worldwide professional services organization requires a highly skilled, knowledgeable and energetic team to manage our internal business functions.
As a part of this diverse and talented group of individuals, you'll play a vital role in EY's success.
Whichever part of Core Business Services you join, you'll use your skills, experience and initiative to support our client-serving teams and other parts of the business to make a difference to the clients and communities we serve. You could be a part of the over 340 member team which is lead by 12 partners.
Whichever part of Core Business Services you join, you'll use your skills, experience and initiative to support our client-serving teams and other parts of the business to make a difference to the clients and communities we serve.
You have an expansive array to choose from. Here is a brief on all our core business services.
Our administrative and secretarial staff performs a crucial support role for our technical and business services teams across our organization. As part of this service line, you will maintain efficient operations, allowing our teams to focus on providing the best possible service to our clients. The nature of the role will depend on which team you are supporting.
Our business development professionals drive account execution, pursue new business and support our growth and market leadership strategy. As a member of this team, you'll develop relationships with existing and prospective clients in order to create opportunities for EY. You'll also advise our service line teams and leadership on opportunities and help convert prospects into successful engagements. By focusing on the right accounts in the right market segments, you'll help us build our market share. In return, you'll receive the support and opportunities you need to succeed professionally and personally.
Our digital professionals operate and develop our websites, extranets and intranet services. They also harness webcasting, streaming media and online collaboration tools to facilitate meetings and communication. As a member of this team, you'll help develop and execute an effective digital strategy that meets the marketing and communication needs of the business. This includes building awareness of digital tools, helping to deploy them and training others in how to use them. You'll work closely with internal and external stakeholders to help maximize the impact of our eChannels and create an effective, consistent and user-friendly experience.
Our finance professionals are responsible for our financial integrity and results. As a member of this team, you'll provide financial reporting that is accurate, consistent and compliant with global financial policies and principles, and local statutory rules and regulations. You'll also act as a strategic business partner for other parts of the organization, sharing your financial experience and insights to achieve specific goals. You'll receive full support in staying on top of regulatory knowledge and we'll work with you to help you achieve your professional and personal goals.
Our human resource professionals develop and execute our people strategy. In this role, you'll help provide the necessary programs, measures and tools for our employees to achieve their potential. You might develop and implement strategies for performance management, leadership development, learning, training tools, compensation, recruiting, new joiner orientation, reporting processes or other initiatives. You may work in a central function or be aligned to one of our service lines. In either position, you'll be instrumental in supporting the business.
As part of this team, you will be responsible for devising and implementing strategies and tools related to our IT infrastructure. You will provide help desk, network and data center services as well as workstation support, telecommunications and IT products. Our IT teams equip our 135,000 employees with effective and efficient IT tools and services so that they can serve our clients in the best way possible.
Our internal communications professionals develop and execute communication strategies across a range of channels. In this role, you'll help deliver accurate, effective communications about our business strategies, initiatives, programs and events. You will get to grips with key business issues and use your strategic and communication skills to make a difference.
Our knowledge management professionals conduct research and develop insights on strategic business issues and advances in technology. These insights help our client-serving teams to compete effectively in today's business environment. Working in a Centre for Business Knowledge, you'll liaise with colleagues from different parts of the business, building in-depth knowledge of particular markets or fields of technical excellence. This rewarding and challenging area will allow you to apply your analytical and research skills to benefit the business.
Our general counsel professionals provide high-caliber legal advice and support on all legal matters to help us achieve our commercial goals. In this role, you'll work with colleagues from different service lines and internal functions. You'll focus on mitigating risk while delivering the best possible legal recommendations for our teams and clients alike.
Our marketing professionals develop and implement a broad range of initiatives to strengthen our global brand. In this role, you'll build our reputation and help us deepen client relationships. You'll collaborate with client-serving professionals and colleagues in other functions, across a range of activities. These will include marketing communications, advertising, market research, brand management and the development of issue- and industry-led thought leadership.
Our global procurement professionals help us achieve cost savings and operational efficiencies. The team performs market research, negotiates discounts, sets standards, manages supplier relationships, provides guidance, manages procurement contracts and liaises with internal clients. In this role, you'll help us manage the organization's spend effectively and achieve the benefits of a global strategy by collaborating with other procurement teams and business units around the world.
Our public relations professionals work as part of a global network to enhance and protect EY's reputation. They support leadership by communicating our strategy and point of view on critical issues to external stakeholders. In this role, you'll collaborate with client-serving professionals to demonstrate our insight and knowledge of key business issues across industry sectors. You'll deal with a variety of challenging topics and issues.
Our quality and risk management professionals help us uphold our business standards and maintain and enhance the value of our brand. As a member of this team, you'll help promote the viability of the organization and the security of our people and other stakeholders. Working with client-serving professionals as well as with colleagues from internal operations, you'll play a key role in many projects. By providing clear guidance and support on how to best achieve results and best communicate from a quality and risk management perspective, you'll help to enhance and protect our reputation.


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From bipio server root directory
npm install bip-pod-email
./tools/pod-install.js -a email [-u optional account-wide channel auto install]
The pod-install script is a server script which will register the pod with the bipio server and add sparse configuration to your NODE_ENV environment config ('default.json', staging or production) keyed to 'email', based on the default config in the pod constructor. It will also move the pod icon into the server cdn
Manually restart the bipio server at your convenience.
Our open source license is the appropriate option if you are creating an open source application under a license compatible with the GNU GPL license v3.
If you'd like to integrate BipIO with your proprietary system, GPLv3 is likely incompatible. To secure a Commercial OEM License for Bipio, please reach us
Copyright (c) 2010-2015 Michael Pearson


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Friday, September 11, 2009
Featured Family Friday: William Henry Lewis and Julia Mister
William Henry Lewis
--b. 11 Mar 1851, Franklin Co., Georgia
--d. 21 Feb 1946, Baylor Hospital, Dallas, Dallas Co., Texas
& Julia Mister
--b. 12 Oct 1871, Grenada, Mississippi
--d. 22 Sep 1945, Dallas County, TX
--m. 1893
Julia Mister and William Henry Lewis – aka "Dearest" and "Duse" – are one of my favorite families. They had no children of their own, but they helped to raise the children of Julia's best friend Bettie Curtice Rosser, who died when the children were still young, and Bettie's husband Virgil Rosser, who had to travel a great deal on business (you can read more about them in Uncle, Uncle – William Henry Lewis: A Little Man Who Stood Tall.
W. H. Lewis was the son of Elisha Berry Lewis and Martha Poole of Anderson County, South Carolina; his sister, Martha E. "Mattie" Lewis (Moore) was my great-grandmother. Henry and Martha were born in Franklin County, Georgia, where the E. B. Lewis family lived in the late 1840s and early 1850s. Julia Mister was the daughter of Wilbur Fiske Mister and his first wife, Corinne Campbell.
The picture at the top shows Dearest and Duse at their home in Dallas and was probably taken in the early 1940s. The second picture shows a young Julia on the right and one of her friends (or possibly her half-sister or cousin) on the left sitting on mules; it may have been taken near the Grand Canyon.
Below are the obituaries of William Henry and Julia Mister Lewis; they are transcribed from the materials of the William Henry and Julia Mister Lewis Collection of John R. Hornady, III, privately held by Greta K.
Obituary of William Henry Lewis, handwritten date 2-22-46, negative photocopy from the Dallas Morning News, 22 Feb 1946, entitled "Early-Day Officer Dies in Dallas"
William Henry Lewis, 95, colorful early-day peace officer and the first Dallas County sheriff to hold office for three terms, died Thursday afternoon at Baylor Hospital. He lived at 1520 South Boulevard.
One of fourteen children, Lewis was born in Franklin Co., Ga., and spent his early boyhood on a farm in Anderson County, South Carolina. He had a constant ambition to come to Texas and at the close of the Civil War spent his savings of $45 on a railroad ticket.
He split rails at 1 c each to replenish the funds and later did survey work for the railroad along the route. He got to Dallas in 1873 and located on a farm near Lisbon,.
Long Time Deputy Sheriff.
His first public office was as Deputy Tax Assessor of Dallas County under Dod Rollins. Under Sheriff Ben Jones, he became a deputy. He continued in this job under Sheriff W. H. W. Smith.
He then held the office of Constable of Precinct 1, Dallas County, and in the fall of 1886 was elected Sheriff. He was re-elected in 1888 and 1890.
Many stories of Lewis' remarkable character and quiet courage are told of his days as Sheriff.
One relates how Lewis, while unarmed, induced one of the infamous Starr brothers to follow him meekly to jail after he had shot up a downtown saloon.
Retiring from office he entered the real estate business with the late Col. O. P. Bowser. They formed the firm of Bowser & Lewis and Lewis continued in this business until his death.
Active in Masonry.
He was a member of the Presbyterian Church York Rite and Scottish Rite degrees of Masonry, the Shriners, the Knights of Pythias, the Knights of Honor and the Elks.
At one time he served as a member of the city's equalization board and was frequently called in to help on various real estate condemnation and valuation committees.
He was interested in navigation of the Trinity River. He was one of the founders of the Oakland Cemetery and helped keep the Texas State Fair operating in the days before the city assumed the debt.
Surviving are two half-sisters, Miss Julia Lewis, San Diego, Calif., and Mrs. C. C. Hindman, Greenville, SC, and two nephews, Roy Lewis and Ed Lewis, both of Dallas.
Funeral services will be held at 2 p. m. Saturday at Sparkman-Brand Funeral Chapel, 2113 Ross.
Obituary of Mrs. William Henry Lewis [nee Julia Mister], clipping from unidentified newspaper, entitled "Lewis Rites Set Monday."
Lewis Rites Set Monday
Funeral services for Mrs. William Henry Lewis, who died Saturday at her home, 1520 South Boulevard, were to be held at 4 p. m. Monday at the Sparkman-Brand Funeral Chapel,2115 Ross Ave. Rev. Philip Sarles, pastor of the Central Congregational Church, was to officiate.
Mrs. Lewis was born in Granada, Miss., but moved to Plano, Tex. with her parents as a child, in 1883. Her father was the late Prof. Wilbur H. Mister, founder of Plano Institute and later connected with Polytechnical College at Fort Worth. Her mother, the late Corinne Campbell Mister, was born in Charleston, S.C.
In 1893 she became the bride of William H. Lewis of Dallas, where Mr. Lewis was active in real estate and business circles.
Mrs. Lewis had been prominent in Dallas literary and civic activities. She was a member of the Southern Memorial Association, Pierian Club, Browning Club, and in early years she was one of the leading Dallas musicians.
Among friends from out-of-town who attended the services were Mrs. Jack R. Hornady of Tarrytown, N.Y.; Mrs. Rosser Zoll of New York, N.Y.; Dr. and Mrs. Virgil O. Rosser Jr. of Graham, Tex.; Mrs. V.O. Rosser, Sr., of Graham, Tex., and Mrs. Francis M. Black of Kincaid, Kan. Mrs. Wilbur Hawkins was soloist and Mrs. A. A. Cocke paid a tribute at the service.
Pallbearers were Dr. Curtice Rosser, Roscoe P. DeWitt, J.E. Gamble, Gwynne S. Curtis, J.W. Shepard, Jr., and Roy H. Lewis.
[Mrs. Francis M. Black is Edna, Julia's half-sister.]
3 comments:
Dear Greta -ReplyDelete
Perhaps you'd like the source of your obit for Julia?
Are you aware that you can search the obituary archives 1885-1977 published in the Dallas News at www.dallasnews.com/archive/obituary
Searching is free, but a paid subscription is needed to read the articles. A days pass that entitles one to 50 downloads is available for $9.95 and there are other rates.
I found the headline, "Mrs. W. H. Lewis Funeral Service Scheduled Monday at 4 P.M." on Sep 24, 1945. The previous day, I got a hit back for Lewis and the title was, "City Resident for 52 years Dies at Home" --- not sure if this is her.
Regardless, this is a great resource for researchers. I enjoy your blog! Jeanne Johnson
Hi Jeanne - Yes, both of those articles are obituaries for Julia Mister Lewis. About a year or so ago, I subscribed for the 700 downloads option from the Dallas Morning News (mostly on Henry Lewis) and I actually have transcriptions of those articles in my genealogy program, but I forgot that I had additional obituaries when I wrote this article! The article I quoted was among the materials passed to me by Mr. Hornady and did not have any source information, but since it did not turn up among my downloads from the Dallas Morning News, I suspect that it was from the Dallas Times-Herald. Speaking of which, do you know where the archives for the Dallas Times-Herald are kept? I believe Henry was a friend of Edwin Kiest, so there may be even more articles there!ReplyDelete
Thank you so much for visiting my blog!
Dear Greta --ReplyDelete
I located many libraries that have the Dallas Times-Herald archives by searching at www.worldcat.org -- (by entering your zipcode in the appropriate spot, you'll get "hits" for libraries near you with mileages and maps to their locations).
You may need to consult individual library catalogs to learn what dates and issues they have. Luckily, most of the major library catalogs are online. Good luck! Jeanne


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Timberline Four Seasonsall reviews | post a review
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Nestled in a picturesque valley, high in the Allegheny Mountains, you will fin West Virginia's best skiing and snowboarding at Timberline. With an elevation of over 4,000 feet, over 150-200 inches of snowfall annually, an expanded snowmaking system, the South's longest ski trail, Timberline is recognized as the Mid-Atlantic's winter paradise.
For four consecutive years Timberline has been named the "Best in Region" ski resort by a poll of readers of Northern Centeral West Virginia's premier regional newspaper, "The Inter-Mountain".
Tmberline is one of the last family owned and operated ski resorts in the region. Come and enjoy the family atmosphere and ski with us at Timberline this season.
Skiing and Snowboarding at Timberline Four Seasons
|Get more information about skiing and snowboarding at Timberline Four Seasons, including lifts, trails, and terrain
Recent Reviews for Timberline Four Seasons
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Awesome for every one
he best place for family. We love it...More
A Skier's Mountain
Timberline continues to offer the most challenging and fun terrain in the MidAtlantic, but the resort is "circling the drain." The rental fleet hasn't been updated in over a decade (closer to 2) and the place is badly run dow...More
Most Adrenalin in the MidAtlantic
Timberline's terrain makes up for all the other shortcomings. This is where skiers and riders come to play on snow. It's not your cozy chalet destination to sit around in. I've been skiing here for 6 years and still get my h...More
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Timberline Four Seasons Website
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Timberline Four Seasons Phone Numbers(304) 866-4801 / 1 800 SNOWING


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Hope you've had a great summer, as many of us continue back into the school season, here are some great inspirations and idea starters for August . . .
* Stefan Sagmeister's The Happy Show Is at the Chicago Cultural Center
* 'Revel on the Block' promotes creativity, community and local business
* Students Recognized by 'Design for Good' Project
* Winners of SEGD Global Design Awards 2013
* Trust me, you're not a graphic designer
* Contemporary Arts Museum gets graphic
... and more !
Students Recognized by 'Design for Good' Project
A public awareness campaign designed and implemented by graphic design students at Illinois Wesleyan University has been recognized by the American Institute of Graphic Arts (AIGA) Design for Good project.
The largest professional design organization in the country, AIGA published a case study of the campaign — "What We Eat and Why It Matters" —this week. Design for Good is an innovative movement within the design profession, supported and encouraged by AIGA.
Full story : Illinois Wesleyan University
See for screen capture or video
Contemporary Arts Museum gets graphic
Everybody's a graphic designer these days, with Adobe tools and other programs at their disposal. So what defines a great commercial artist now? "Graphic Design - Now in Production" answers with a look at posters, magazines, books, branding imagery, type, products, information graphics and film and TV titles created by some of the nation's best professional creatives since 2000.
Co-organized by the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis and the Smithsonian Institution's Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum, New York, the show opens at 7 p.m. Friday (through Sept. 29) at the Contemporary Arts Museum Houston, 5216 Montrose, 713-284-8250, camh.org. Free admission.
Full story : Molly Glentzer Arts, Design & Culture Writer / www.chron.com
See for screen capture or video
Winners of SEGD Global Design Awards 2013
The Society for Environmental Graphic Design has recently revealed the winners of its 2013 Global Design Awards. The Awards honors the best in environmental graphic design.
This year, the winners range from signage for a Boy Scout camp in West Virginia to a suite of high-tech interactives at the Cleveland Museum of Art. They also include a university cafeteria in Turkey, an exhibition on Charles Dickens in New York, integrated wayfinding and placemaking for a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers office in Seattle, a research project on signage and mental mapping, and environmental graphics for a wide range of other corporate, civic, and cultural environments.
Full story : Society for Environmental Graphic Design
See for screen capture or video
YES . . . there's more . . . continue. . .
... continues on the next page!


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This is not about your neighborhood.
Probably not, at least. The demographics of newspaper readership being what they are, you likely do not live in Liberty Square or anyplace like it.
Maria Williams does live in Liberty Square. She wishes she did not.
�I�m low-income,� she recently told my colleague, Miami Herald reporter Frances Robles, �but I have a right to have a safe environment.� It was in its way a statement of basic human dignity. One is reminded of Franklin Roosevelt�s enumeration of the Four Freedoms. The fourth was freedom from fear.
But one is not free from fear in Liberty Square public housing, which has seen at least 11 shootings in the past two years. The Model City area of which it is a part accounts for nearly a third of all Miami murders. Residents showed Robles bullet holes in their walls. They told how they teach their children to drop at the first sound of automatic weapons fire. One person doesn�t take the trash out without a police presence.
Robles went to Liberty Square to find out how the cameras were doing at combating that. She found they were not working. A $270,000 closed-circuit monitoring system installed several months back by the county housing authority as a crime-fighting tool was plagued by malfunctions. One wonders what impact it would have made even if they were working properly. To presume cameras would deter gangsters from gangsterism requires a belief that gangsters are the types to do a risk-benefit analysis before they act. They are not.
Not that cameras and other creative policing tools ought not be used to fight the lawlessness of this place. But you cannot put this right with a single dramatic gesture. It is a complex problem and will require a sustained and holistic solution.
You want to fix Liberty Square and places like it? Fine, improve the policing. But also fix the schools and give every child a quality education. Offer job training. Provide incentives that bring commerce and industry to the area. Encourage the restoration of nuclear families. End the drug war.
The model of holistic solutions already exists in pockets of hope around the country, including Purpose Built Communities in Atlanta and the Harlem Children�s Zone in New York. So there is no mystery here. We know how to fix these bad places. What we lack is the wit and the will.
Geoffrey Canada, founder of the Harlem Children�s Zone, once spoke of how people resist him investing, say, $3,500 a year to help some poor kid in some struggling uptown neighborhood. But when that kid turns 18, they think nothing of spending $60,000 a year to incarcerate him.
In other words, you can spend less and produce a citizen who pays taxes and otherwise contributes to the system � or you can spend more to feed and house someone who only takes from the system. That ought to be a no-brainer. It�s not liberal; it�s not conservative. It�s mathematical.
That something so obvious eludes us speaks to that lack of wit and will and to a tendency to regard violence and dysfunction as somehow inevitable, unremarkable, intractable, in neighborhoods where people are black, brown or poor.
We owe Maria Williams something better than that sort of moral flaccidity.
No, this is not your neighborhood. But what if it were?


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Le Sirenuse is a wonderful place from which to enjoy the simple pleasures of Positano and the spectacular Amalfi Coast.
John Steinbeck, who visited in 1953, wrote 'Positano bites deep. It is a dream place that isn't quite real when you are there and becomes beckoningly real after you have gone.'
Download John Steinbeck article for Harper's Bazaar, 1953
Paolo, Franco, Aldo and Anna Sersale, Le Sirenuse 1990
Le Sirenuse opened in 1951, when four Neapolitan brothers, the Marchesi Aldo, Paolo, Anna and Franco Sersale turned their summer house in Positano into a charming hotel, overlooking the bay of Positano. Today the 58-room resort is considered one of Italy's leading seaside luxury hotels, though it still retains the intimate, cultured atmosphere of a private home.
Franco, an art connoisseur whose impeccable taste did so much to define Le Sirenuse's signature style, passed away in January 2015. But this remains a cherished family concern. Since 1992, Franco's son Antonio has looked after the day-to-day running of the hotel, while Carla, Antonio's wife, designs Le Sirenuse, Positano Mare Collection, a line of beachwear and womenswear inspired by Positano and sold at the Emporio Sirenuse boutique and in selected stores worldwide. Paolo's daughter Marina created Le Sirenuse's fragrance and skincare line Eau d'Italie with her husband Sebastián Alvarez Murena, while her sister Giulia curates Le Sirenuse's much-loved outdoor planting schemes and indoor greenery.
We are located at the center of the village of Positano, on the Amalfi Drive, 50 km from Naples. Our rooms and terraces, 70 mt above the sea, are an unbeatable oasis of peace and silence, with a breathtaking view.


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Sarah Markley
Teacher in California
Sarah Markley
Teacher in California
On the surface I'm a mother to two amazing girls. Hope is fourteen and Naomi is ten.
But who am I underneath all of that? I'm a writer, I'm a grace-giver and I'm a connector. This is who I am when I'm alive.
It took me so very long to actually look myself in the mirror and say I AM a writer. Me, who longed to write all through high school and college. Me, who very tentatively tapped out a few poems and submitted them to my university publication. And me, who for the first ten years of post-college life, didn't write a single word. I am a writer and I've been writing now for almost 10 years and I know the only way to actually be something is to do it. Even if I've been born with the need and love to write.
I'm also a giver of grace. It's even hard to say that because it feels like I'm saying something grandiose about myself. But for as long as I've seen the redeemed side of life and grace, I can't deny that it is something that has been interwoven into my soul. I've learned that the Grace of God is the biggest sea that one can dive into.
And I'm a connector. As an introvert it's been a long road to see myself as that and it has been an equally long journey to begin to connect good people together. When I do that, I've realized, I begin to feel alive.
I do believe that the world needs those of us who are trying desperately to wake up and realize what makes us each alive. I believe that we are better people, parents, helpers and workers when we understand how we were made, who we were individually made to be and then do those things.
And I'm learning how to be alive. Each day is a step in that direction.
"Don't ask yourself what the world needs; ask yourself what makes you come alive. And then go and do that. Because what the world needs is people who have come alive."
Howard Thurman


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PHILADELPHIA (AP) - A Pennsylvania court must decide if the governor's office is required to give certain documents to a state open-records agency for review.
The case involves an Associated Press request for Gov. Tom Corbett's work calendars and emails.
The governor's office has redacted some emails and calendar entries, citing exceptions to the state's Right to Know Law.
The missing information includes the subject of scheduled meetings. Corbett's office says that could suggest the nature of private, internal deliberations.
In a second round of arguments Wednesday in Commonwealth Court, the governor's office asked for court hearings to determine if material must be disclosed to the Office of Open Records.
That agency would then decide if news organizations should get the information.
The agency says the court hearings would hinder its ability to answer requests within the required 20 days.


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Colour & BleachHairdressing AccessoriesPerming & Straightening
- New In
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- Furniture
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- Clearance
- College Kits
REM Cascade Washpoint - Black
Product code: 904770C
€942.00 ex VAT (€1158.66 inc VAT)
Cascade features a metal grey pod with a choice of REM laminate colour to the sides. The chair has chrome plated arms, and is available in any colour fabric from the REM range.
Shipped direct from supplier
Delivery surcharge applies
Product information
Cascade can be specified with white or black side panels. Other REM colours are available as an option. Complete with a water-saving shower head, and a tilting Sumo white basin. Optional electric legrest and vibro massage can also be specified. Black Sumo Basin available as an option.
Multiple colour options are available – You will be contacted after placing your order to confirm your colour choices.
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- Tilting Sumo white basin
- Monobloc mixing valve kit and pre-plumbing: flexi waste, waste and fixing kit
- Unique water saving shower head
Main Construction & Finish
- Body: Zintec (rustproofing) treated steel with laminate cladding to sides.
- Basin: Porcelain
- Arms: Strip steel with chrome plated finish.
- Body: Epoxy powder silver paint
- Sides: Laminated in any colour from the REM range
- Moulded seat finished in any colour vinyl fabric from the REM range
- Width 59cm
- Height 99cm
- Depth 120cm
Comes with a 3 year REM warranty
Please note: This item is either built to order or custom built and as such is subject to additional conditions of return, please see our returns policy for full details.
- Kerbside delivery only
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JOHNSBURG – Andy Balafas of Vitas Innovative Hospice Care will honor veterans during a Veterans Day celebration at 10:15 a.m. Wednesday at the McHenry Township Senior Center, 3703 N. Richmond Road.
Balafas, a veteran himself, is the veterans community liaison for Vitas.
All veterans, their families and friends are invited to attend.
A ceremony honoring and recognizing veterans will be followed by coffee and dessert.
To receive recognition, veterans are asked to register with Cindi Stoffel at 815-344-3555.
– Northwest Herald


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At least five killed in Karachi violence
[Dawn] At least five persons, including a woman and a member of a religious organization, were killed in separate incidents of violence in
Bloody Karachi
...formerly the capital of Pakistain, now merely its most important port and financial center. It is among the largest cities in the world, with a population of 18 million, most of whom hate each other and many of whom are armed and dangerous...
on Tuesday, DawnNews reported.
An activist of a religious organization was killed when unknown
opened fire in Karachi's Lines area.
Enraged protestors set out to the streets burning tyres and blocking roads in Saddar area. The demonstrators marched towards the Supreme Court's Karachi registry near Shaheen Complex demanding action against the killers. The protest was later called off after authorities held negotiations with the demonstrators.
One person was killed and another injured in a gun firing incident in Orangi town area of Karachi. Another person was killed in a firing incident in Surjani town Sector four area.
A woman was
rubbed out
in the city's Garden area. A body was found near Saeedabad graveyard on Tuesday. According to police the body bore marks of torture.
Posted by: Fred 2013-02-27


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If you're attempting this fight after working your way through Garalon I'm afraid you're likely to be disappointed by its difficulty. Wind Lord is a fight that might actually be easier on Heroic than it is on normal.
Logs: http://www.worldoflogs.com/reports/rt-nlh5zmpmhmefeml9/dashboard/?s=10918&e=11177
Stream: www.twitch.tv/shaidyadvice
Intro and Outro song: In the Hall of the Mountain King (Edvard Grieg) by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)


text:
FRANKFURT (MarketWatch) — Expectations that the dawn of a new year would bring another cut in interest rates by the European Central Bank melted faster than a freak Christmas snow in Rome.
Surveys of economists, including one by Dow Jones Newswires, show only a handful of ECB watchers now expect the institution to cut interest rates when policy makers conclude their first monthly policy meeting of 2013, at 1:45 p.m. Frankfurt time or 7:45 a.m. U.S. Eastern on Thursday.
That seems like a shift in mood from the immediate aftermath of the December meeting, which saw ECB President Mario Draghi tell reporters that there had been a "wide discussion" on the rate issue and tacitly acknowledge that the decision to hold rates steady wasn't unanimous.
Subsequent news reports, citing people familiar with the closed-door deliberations, said a majority of council members hadn't necessarily opposed a cut but hadn't pressed the issue over objections from Draghi, Bundesbank President Jens Weidmann and others.
The euro has lost ground since the start of the new year, falling 0.9% versus the dollar EURUSD, +0.0360% to trade at $1.3069 in recent action. But the euro and European markets have recovered smartly since late July, when Draghi pledged that the ECB would do "whatever it takes" within its mandate to save the euro.
Here are three reasons that the ECB is likely to stand pat, leaving its key lending rate unchanged at a record low 0.75% and its deposit rate, which is paid on deposits parked overnight at the central bank, at 0%: