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Hi John,
Better late than never, I guess, but I'm just doing some final joint sealing in my steam shower project and then it hit me... I don't think this light fixture is going to work in here!! Damn!!
I then hopped on the computer, moments ago, and saw this thread. I hope I don't have to rip out my cement board ceiling to retrofit this "SP2" fixture in! That's one of my least favorite words... "retrofit."
Anyway, your forum has been invaluable to my steam shower project and I've been VERY diligent to this point. I'm glad that I thought about this light fixture business before I proceeded. I was just about to apply the Redgard tomorrow night.
Please find attached a couple of photos of what I've got. It's basically a 5.5" "pot light-type" can and it's what the electrician supplied and installed, even though I told him it would be a steamer. Seems like there is a real void in the industry when it comes to these steam showers.
ANY advice on where to go from here would be great. Obviously the least invasive approach is preferred.
Thanks for your forum and all the help you give me and others. Good to know you're from Vancouver, too!
Thanks for the time, John. I look forward to your reply.


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A downtown institution, FDL's Main Exchange to close after 35 years
After more than 35 years in business, the Main Exchange considered a downtown institution by local residents and visitors alike will close its doors on Saturday.
- Apr. 16, 2014
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After more than 35 years in business, the Main Exchange considered a downtown institution by local residents and visitors alike will close its doors on Saturday.
NEW YORK (AP) Ford is building a limited-edition Mustang GT to honor the pony car's 50th anniversary.
The price of oil approached $105 a barrel Wednesday as concerns grew over the crisis in Ukraine, which took military action against separatists in its east. Gains were temporarily tempered by slower Chinese growth.
WASHINGTON (AP) U.S. factory output rose further last month, extending strong growth from February after harsh weather had caused production to tumble in January. Manufacturers produced more furniture, clothing, chemicals and aerospace products.
WASHINGTON (AP) U.S home construction rose moderately in March as builders resumed work at the end of a frigid winter. But applications for building permits slid, clouding the outlook for future construction.
CHARLOTTE, North Carolina (AP) Bank of America said Wednesday that it swung to a loss in the first quarter, hurt by $6 billion in legal expenses.
As Chevrolet's first V-8, rear-wheel-drive performance sedan since 1996, the new 2014 Chevrolet SS is designed to deliver performance on the street and on the track.
Gilly's Frozen Custard has closed its 1950s-style drive-in restaurant on Sheboygan's south side, a spokeswoman confirmed Tuesday.
Make no mistake, it's the go-fast machinery under the hood and performance control hardware at the corners that make the 2014 Cadillac CTS-V Wagon stand out in the marketplace.
NEW YORK (AP) Coca-Cola's first-quarter profit fell nearly 8 percent as the world's biggest beverage maker faced a stronger dollar and sold less soda.
NEW YORK (AP) The Criterion Collection and Hulu have extended their deal to keep the video platform as the exclusive streaming home of Criterion's vast library of art house films.
Johnson & Johnson's first-quarter profit rose 8 percent, because of restrained costs and a big jump in prescription drug sales.
WASHINGTON (AP) Lower U.S. gasoline prices kept consumer inflation in check last month, helping offset higher costs for food and clothing.
WASHINGTON (AP) Foreign buyers of U.S. Treasury securities increased their holdings in February to another record high.
LINCOLNSHIRE, Ill. (AP) Zebra Technologies will spend more than $3 billion to buy the enterprise business of Motorola Solutions in a considerable expansion that is both technological and geographical.
Most Americans may never actually see a Tesla Model S sedan in person, but you will want to know why this car is so important to the automotive industry and what all the media fuss is about.
RICHMOND, Va. (AP) A new Congressional report says concerns about electronic cigarettes underscore the need to regulate the fast-growing industry.
NEW YORK (AP) Twitter says its CEO Dick Costolo and co-founders Jack Dorsey and Evan Williams have no plans to sell any of their shares when the company's post-IPO lock-up expires on May 5.
WASHINGTON (AP) U.S. businesses boosted their stockpiles in February as sales rebounded by the largest amount in nine months.
WASHINGTON (AP) U.S. retail sales in March rose by the largest amount in 18 months, led by strong gains in sales of autos, furniture and a number of other products.
Finally we have some springlike weather and I can't wait for the April showers to bring May flowers.
Every three years, UW-Extension and the Wisconsin Agricultural Statistics Service team up to publish a farm custom rate guide. A new version was published last month.
Kewaunee County has been selected to host the 2017 Wisconsin Farm Technology Days show.
Initial sheep and market goat weigh-in, 4:30 to 7:30 p.m. April 14, Cow Palace, Fond du Lac County Fairgrounds.
Recent hacks have consumers thinking twice about using debit and credit cards. But which option is safer? Here's a quick look at the different protections on debit cards and credit cards.
NEW YORK (AP) Weaker earnings at JPMorgan Chase are dragging bank stocks lower in early trading.
NEW YORK (AP) JPMorgan Chase, the nation's biggest bank by assets, said Friday its first-quarter earnings fell 20 percent, driven by a decline in investment banking and mortgage lending.
BERLIN (AP) German automaker BMW is issuing a worldwide recall of many models of cars with certain six-cylinder gas motors after identifying a problem with a bolt used in the engine.
Introduced at 2014 Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas earlier this year, Toyota introduced its FCV fuel cell concept that they are planning to launch as a production model for the 2015 model year.
NEW YORK (AP) Subway says an ingredient dubbed the 'yoga mat' chemical will be entirely phased out of its bread by next week.
TOLEDO, Ohio (AP) Laura Hankins knew something was wrong when she filed her daughter's tax return and it was rejected hours later: An identity thief already had sent in a return using the 19-year-old's personal information.
MATTHEWS, N.C. (AP) Family Dollar plans to cut some jobs and close about 370 underperforming stores as it tries to reverse sagging sales and earnings. The discount store operator will also lower prices on about 1,000 basic items.
The Lincoln Motor Company's reinvention takes a major step forward with the unveiling of the all-new 2015 Lincoln MKC small premium utility vehicle.
WASHINGTON (AP) The number of people seeking U.S. unemployment benefits dropped to the lowest level in almost seven years, falling 32,000 last week to a seasonally adjusted 300,000.
KEARNEY, Neb. (AP) Buckle's March sales at stores open at least a year slipped 1.8 percent, but still topped analysts' expectations.
DETROIT (AP) General Motors has placed two engineers on paid leave as an outside attorney investigates why the company took more than a decade to recall millions of small cars for an ignition switch problem.
MADISON, Wis.
TOKYO (AP) Toyota Motor Corp. is recalling 6.39 million vehicles globally for a variety of problems spanning nearly 30 models in Japan, the U.S., Europe and other places.
It has long been gospel among retailers that tobacco pulls so much business into stores, with smokers also picking up water, gum or a bag of chips, that dumping it would be a sales killer.
WASHINGTON (AP) Medicare paid a tiny group of doctors $3 million or more apiece in 2012. One got nearly $21 million.
NEW YORK (AP) As Twitter looks to broaden its appeal beyond its 241 million users, the company is introducing a redesign of profile pages that includes bigger photos, more user controls and a distinct resemblance to Facebook.
Boasting a reduced weight of over 700 pounds while maintaining every bit of its 'Built Ford Tough' heritage, the automaker has introduced the next-generation F-150 pickup truck to the American marketplace.
WASHINGTON (AP) U.S. wholesale businesses increased their stockpiles for an eighth consecutive month in February as their sales rose at the fastest clip since November, good signs for future economic growth.
WATERLOO -- An illness outbreak from a Wisconsin cheesemaker that was linked to one death and a miscarriage likely was caused by substantial sanitation deficiencies in the cheese-making process, a new report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says.
Rides hard, hates our Windows phone, imposes awkward and unfriendly electronics and sentences you to a life of unpleasant engine revving.
WASHINGTON (AP) Election-year legislation to resume long-term jobless benefits is headed to the House, where a small band of dissident Republicans is leaning on Speaker John Boehner to permit a vote on resuming aid to more than 2 million victims of the
Two Mayville residents were among 30 cadets who were sworn-in and received badges as Wisconsin State Patrol officers during a ceremony March 21 in Tomah.
DALLAS (AP) If you use miles to get a free ticket on American Airlines, you may have to pay to check your suitcase.
SANDS POINT, N.Y. (AP) Tanisha Verdejo loves to surf the Internet for online shopping deals. She chats on Facebook, learns about new recipes and enjoys sending emails to friends and family.
WASHINGTON (AP) The global economy is strengthening but faces threats from super-low inflation and outflows of capital from emerging economies, the International Monetary Fund warned Tuesday.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Main Content
When it comes to your Lakers, there are only MVPs. You might hold some higher than others, but either way, you adore all the players and support the team 100%. Show off your Los Angeles spirit with this iPhone 4 MVP case! It features the Los Angeles Lakers logo and unique textured material which feels like a basketball for never-ending team spirit.
- Easy access to ports and controls
- Unique synthetic material
- Slim, lightweight design
- Fits iPhone 4
- Snap on case
- Imported
- Officially licensed Lakers iPhone case
Other Fanatics also liked:
Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


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Herman Miller and fuseproject's partnership was further extended with the formation of a multi product lighting arm. The Leaf lamp was the first lighting project for Herman Miller, and established an ongoing collaboration that lead to the creation of the Ardea and Twist lamp. fuseproject designed the brand strategy, product, logo, packaging and art direction of the new lighting business for the company.
In 2005 Herman Miller approached fuseproject to explore lighting as a possible extension of the brand and business. Our initial research into lighting technologies, their corresponding user benefits, environmental impacts, and cost projections put a highlight on LED's as the technical backbone for new product development.
After four years of development, the strategy paid off with the successful launch of HM's first lighting product, the Leaf personal light. With it's sculptural form, expressive lens technology, and innovative touch controls allowing the user to adjust not only brightness but also color temperature, it was a dramatic reinvention of the task lamp. The Ardea lamp followed soon after, allowing superior flexibility at an attainable cost.
The strategy to focus on compact size, new utility and user adjustablilty was again employed to great effect in the Twist lamp. This slim, sleek and adjustable fixture sticks securely to the bent metal shelving and storage common in design systems, and allows the user to easily adjust for direct downlighting, or a more ambient "wash" effect on a surface.
Together these three products have become a strong foundation for growth into a new category for our longstanding partners.
The focus for design when creating these lamps was to demonstrate Herman Miller's continued leadership in innovation, performance, and sustainability by using fewer raw materials and providing a lighting solution that's efficient to operate and maintain. The LEAF lamp is an advanced LED task light that brings a new experience of light: it is the first lighting product that offers users the choice of warm mood light and cool work light. It is remarkably energy efficient, using 40% less energy than an equivalent compact fluorescent for the same light output. It's universal touch interface made the LEAF lamp a big success for Herman Miller both internationally and domestically, spawning several lower cost next generation products, including Ardea and Twist. Ardea is a new task light inspired by nature with minimal impact on the environment. Named after the great herons, Ardea displays similar versatility as the bird's necks that flex for hunting. The Twist LED task light is an energy-efficient, eco-friendly solution that provides value, simplicity and personal control for individual users. With its thin, tubular profile, the Twist LED task light is distinguished by its clean, simple aesthetics. Lightweight and easy to manipulate, its features characterize its name, Twist.
- Green GOOD Award, 2009
- Spark! Awards, Silver for Packaging, 2008
- Red Dot Design Award, 2008
- IDSA Business Week, Silver Excellence Awards for Strategy, 2007
- ID Magazine Annual Design Competition "Consumer Products, 2007
- Spark! Awards, Spark, 2007
- Organic Award, 2007
- Interiors and Sources Editors' Choice, 2006
- Building Magazine Editors' Choice, 2006
- Architectural Record Magazine Editors' Picks, 2006
- Interior Design, "Best of Year/Roscoe" Finalist, 2006
- Popular Science, "Best of What's New" Home Category, 2006
- Chicago Athenaeum, 2006
- CES Consumer Electronics, Honoree, 2006
- Building Magazine, "Grand Prize Award for Energy Efficiency," 2006
- Best of Neocon, Gold for Lighting, 2006
- Collections: Accessioned in the Musee National D'Art Moderne/Centre Pompidou, MoMA-New York, The Art Institute of Chicago


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YahooGallup Poll shows largest Republican lead ever
With five months to go before the general election, a new poll finds that Republicans have opened their widest lead yet when it comes to which party voters prefer this fall. Gallup's generic congressional ballot finds that the number of voters who say they will vote GOP has jumped to 49 percent, compared with 43 percent for Democrats. That's not only the biggest lead Gallup has recorded for the GOP this election cycle, it's the largest lead Republicans have ever had in the poll, which Gallup has run since 1950.
Why are Republicans surging?
According to Gallup, the GOP gained 3 percentage points in the poll over the last week, while Dems fell 4 points. All of this happened as President Obama's approval rating took a hit, especially with his handling of the Gulf of Mexico oil spill. Gallup puts Obama's approval rating at 46 percent not exactly in George W. Bush territory, but low for this White House.
No doubt critics will question how much a generic poll really reveals about what might happen in November. After all, it's often better to break down races locally for a more comprehensive picture of how the midterm elections might go. But generic ballots are very good at telling us where voter sentiment is nationally and how enthusiastic people are or aren't about the political parties.
One number that Democrats are surely not pleased about is what poll experts call the "enthusiasm" gap. According to Gallup, 39 percent of Republicans are excited about the 2010 elections, compared with just 24 percent of Democrats. That's one of the leading measures of how likely it is that voters will turn out to vote, and if Democrats can't find a way to close that 15-point gap, November could be a painful month for President Obama and other party leaders.
Holly Bailey is a senior political writer for Yahoo! News.


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Is the TSA doing a better job than a year ago?by Opinion Staff
The Transportation Security Administration is getting decidedly mixed reviews ten years after it was established and one year after some members of the public became outraged over "aggressive" pat-downs by airport security screeners and "full body scan" machines for peeking under clothing.
The TSA, which has more than 65,000 employees, has allowed more than 25,000 security breaches according to a report just released by two congressional committees.
The TSA's "SPOT" program – Screening of Passengers by Observation Techniques – costs $250 million to operate each year, but a study by the Government Accountability Office found that 17 known terrorists got through airports where the program was in use.
"TSA has lost its way," said U.S. Rep. John Mica, R-Orlando, who heads an important transportation committee. "It is time for reform."
A TSA spokesperson disputed the negative reviews as "an unfortunate disservice" and said security is better and stronger because of the TSA.
A survey by the U.S. Travel Association provided some comfort for the TSA. Most respondents said the agency is on the "right track" because it has eliminated the pat-downs and made sure body scanners produce generic images rather than a too-close approximation of nudity.
Of course the ultimate standard is the absence of deadly attacks.
What do you think? Is the TSA doing a better job than it was a year ago? Click on the link below to take our poll.
Is the TSA doing a better job than a year ago?


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codeine/butalbital/aspirin/caffeine - oral, Fiorinal with Codeine #3 (cont.)
DRUG INTERACTIONS: Your doctor or pharmacist may already be aware of any possible drug interactions and may be monitoring you for them. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicine before checking with them first.This drug should not be used with the following medications because very serious interactions may occur: ketorolac, mifepristone, naltrexone, sodium oxybate.If you are currently using any of these medications listed above, tell your doctor or pharmacist before starting this product.Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all prescription and nonprescription/herbal products you may use, especially of: acetazolamide, adenosine, antacids, anticholinergic medications (e.g., scopolamine), beta agonists (e.g., albuterol), "blood thinners" (e.g., warfarin, heparin, ticlopidine), certain drugs used to treat gout (e.g., uricosuric drugs such as probenecid, sulfinpyrazone), certain antibiotics (e.g., penicillin, sulfonamides such as sulfamethoxazole), diabetes drugs (e.g., insulin, sulfonylureas such as glyburide), drugs affecting liver enzymes that remove this medication from your body (such as macrolide antibiotics including erythromycin, cimetidine, disulfiram, valproic acid), drugs that lower blood pressure (e.g., "water pills"/diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide, ACE inhibitors such as lisinopril, enalapril), ginkgo biloba, lepirudin, lithium, MAO inhibitors (e.g., furazolidone, isocarboxazid, linezolid, moclobemide, phenelzine, procarbazine, rasagiline, selegiline, tranylcypromine), 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate, methoxyflurane, other medications for pain (e.g., pentazocine, nalbuphine, morphine), pemetrexed, phenytoin, salicylates (e.g., salsalate), certain antidepressants (SSRIs such as fluoxetine, fluvoxamine).This drug can speed up the removal of other drugs from your body by affecting certain liver enzymes. These affected drugs include cyclosporine, corticosteroids such as prednisone, estrogen, felodipine, metronidazole, quinidine, certain beta blockers (such as metoprolol), theophylline, doxycycline.Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you also take drugs that cause drowsiness such as: certain antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine), medicine for sleep or anxiety (e.g., alprazolam, diazepam, zolpidem), muscle relaxants, psychiatric medicines (e.g., chlorpromazine, risperidone, amitriptyline, trazodone).Check the labels on all your medicines (e.g., cough-and-cold products, other headache medications) because they may contain aspirin, caffeine, or drowsiness-causing ingredients. Also keep in mind that certain beverages (e.g., coffee, colas, tea) contain caffeine. Ask your pharmacist about using those products safely.Also, check all prescription and nonprescription medicine labels carefully since many medications contain pain relievers/fever reducers (NSAIDs such as ibuprofen or naproxen) that are similar to this drug and may increase your risk for side effects if taken together with this medication.This medication may decrease the effectiveness of combination-type birth control pills. This can result in pregnancy. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for details, and discuss whether you should use additional reliable birth control methods while taking any of these drugs.This medication may interfere with certain medical/laboratory tests (including fasting blood glucose, cholesterol levels, prothrombin time, urine 5-HIAA levels, amylase and lipase levels, certain urine glucose tests, dipyridamole-thallium imaging tests), possibly causing false test results. Make sure laboratory personnel and all your doctors know you use this drug.This document does not contain all possible interactions. Therefore, before using this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all the products you use. Keep a list of all your medications with you, and share the list with your doctor and pharmacist.
Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration
You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.
Need help identifying pills and medications?
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Hi there. I've got an old Moen single handle tub/shower valve that leaks from the stem only when the water is turned on, so the water runs out of the stem, into the sleeve, and into the tub (and some of it goes back into the wall through the sleeve I assume). I haven't pulled the cartridge, but I'm assuming it's a 1200 or 1225.
There is a hole in the stem (you can see the hole in the picture I've attached), and this is what the water is coming out of.
Is this a faulty cartridge or is this normal?


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Seibertron.com - The Ultimate Transformers Fansite
Moderators: Cryhavok, Supreme Convoy, robofreak
Cobalt Prime wrote:Wonder why they gave Unicron Decepticon insignia. He's always been an enemy to all of Primus' creations.
Also, why is Ironhide PINK?
NewFoundStarscreamLuv wrote:me and my friends combine all the time. Sometimes I even combine by myself if no one is around.
Counterpunch wrote:FP sure does provide some F'd up head.
SlyTF1 wrote:Please tell me there's going to be a Hasbro release of that Unicron...
NewFoundStarscreamLuv wrote:me and my friends combine all the time. Sometimes I even combine by myself if no one is around.
This image:Noideaforaname wrote:Kinda interesting the two clumps of rocks can combine, though I take it they are thus hollow. Does he have actual hands under there or does Unicron have to make do with the rock-clumps and Minicon (with is basically a lump of rock itself).
Return to Transformers Toys Discussion
Cryhavok, Supreme Convoy, robofreak
Registered users: AdamPrime, ausbot, Autobot Genocide, BERSEKAEL, Bing [Bot], craggy, Evil_the_Nub, Exabot [Bot], Google [Bot], Google Adsense [Bot], Google Feedfetcher, Henry921, Lord Raze, Majestic-12 [Bot], MR Optimus Prime, MSN [Bot], MSN NewsBlogs, MSNbot Media, Praxus Prime, Shadowstream, SKYWARPED_128, Va'al, xMXUx, Yahoo [Bot]


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really like those caricatures, i recognized the governator immediately very nice update on those studies and though i haven't 'Bastion' yet your tribute looks set up to be a fantastic painting, can't wait too see that finished keep them coming
Yo man, how goes it?
How is the animation job going? Still at it?
Your studies are numerous and of good quality, most impressive! I would love to see it if you applied all that study to a new creative render, fleshed out to completion!
Sepulverture's Sketchbook Page 1 Page 19
Sepulvertures Extended Studies Page 1
page 2
Tutorials Tips and Tricks needs you to stay alive!"
miycko: Thanks for your kind words.
Sepulverture: Hey man, things are good. Still at the job, yes.
Replies will come, hope all this CA server business gets fixed up soon.
We have an intro to sculpting workshop for the students coming up at the school, so I had a play with the 'Newplast' clay that we are to use.
Started with a rough block in of everything.
Removed details to refine the overall shape.
Redefining features and details. Still a WIP.
very cool sculpt, look forward to see it done
Holy shit man, awesome sculpt! apparently the forum cuts it of for me, but it worked with right-click and "view image"
i reaaally want to play bastion too, seems like a great game, and so beautiful!
asa: Cheers bud.
Flask: Only used CA uploader that time because it's big for Photobucket. Thanks!
Fan art, GO
Damn how good You are!
Nice sculpts man! I can see it being a good reference for future drawings and paintings
Keep having fun learning and exploring worlds
till next time
sketchbook updated October 6th
the bastiongirl has tiny hands, and the avatar girl has a nice pose!
i friggin loved the new Avatar show btw, Korra is awesome
catukas: Thanks.
Jamie Romoser Thank you, will do.
Flask: Yeah, I totally screwed up on the hand x.x Thanks.
Small update, pushed the pose a little and finally worked how I want to finish it.
Practising sculpting a basic head.
Good to see some Avatar in here
Those sculpts are great. I love the hellboy one.
sweet update on the avatar girl! the construction of her face improved super much, looks great now.
good lookin sculpt so far too, using yourself as reference?
really like those human-animal mixes!
and you drew Teal'C! yeah!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ∞∞∞∞∞∞∞
Cute avatar fan art
I'm digging the sculpture. Are you going to go all hardcore and make the students build skeleton from scratch and then build up the muscles?
Make a sketchbook happy, feed it a tip to improve!
very nice caricatures
Looks like you've been doing some sculpting. Ever try z-brish?
Where you at!!!?
Facebook Me
PLAY:FPS Mech Transformation Prototype:GAME
WRappiii: Thanks.
Flaskpost: Thanks bud, no it's not me, my looks aren't so rugged, lol. Just a generic face.
aks9: Glad you like.
Pigeonkill: I love to do an ecorche myself, but no, those classes were just for fun.
asa: Thanks, bud.
Vritra: Thanks. I was going for a slightly forced perspective on her forward arm and leg... Guess it didn't work?
cout<mecha: Yeah, I tried it back around the time it came out. Didn't get very far coz' the interface was ass backwards. I have tried Mudbox, though and it was fun. I prefer physical sculpting though, being able to put my hands/tools against the clay is half of the fun for me.
Drawing a car like all the cool guys do.
Nah, actually I need to learn how to draw industrial stuff. Frickin' wheels are harder to draw than the rest of the car combined.
I'm lovin your stuff man! Keep up the good work
love the car
good looking car! give it a few more minutes of love and clean up the edges imo.
spending a bit more time on cleaning up edges and rendering will lift your work a lot, since you got lots of technical ability and good construction and lighting skills.
Yo mate!!! I am amazed by your animations in the reel!!!Thanks for sharing knowledge up there.You have great skills mate, just keep up in the direction you want!!!Lets keep up
kiichi: Thanks.
asa: Cheers bud.
Flask: Yes, you're right. No excuses, need to break the habit of being so lazy at polishing stuff.
kingkostas: Thanks for the encouragement!
Random poop. Should be drawing moar.
Was supposed to be for the CGHUB re-imagining of Zelda.
Trying to siphon the godly powers of Mignola.
And you did indeed! Fuck yeah Mignola. Awesome bro
very cool figures in those last posts!
Nice nice hellboy illustration.
Make a sketchbook happy, feed it a tip to improve!
That CGHub Zelda thread sounds interesting, and I liked what you did with Hellboy.
The Louisianian Sketchbook You can Comment and Criticize if you want.
My Newgrounds Profile Warning: Politically Incorrect thoughts, view at your own risk.
My Facebook Site I normally hate these kinds of websites, but a friend of mine invited me.
Louisianian artists thread If you're from or live in Louisiana, don't hesitate to post here.
My Profile Nothing else needs to be said.
Trillian: Request to be added first.
wow that hell boy looks awesome!!!
Flask: Thanks, bro.
aks9: Thank you.
PK: Chur.
FightingSeraph: Thank ye.
asa: Cheers mate.
Finally feel like I'm starting to get a grasp on how to draw faces.


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456 N State St, Lake Oswego, OR | Directions 9703445.420024 -122.663147
Neighborhoods: First Addition
Another great spot in Lake O to mingle and hang out with friends. With a fireplace, pool table and nightly music, it's a winner. The nachos and steak bites are our usual tasty treats.
I picked up a deal for Gemini from Sharing Spree but I had never been there so wasn't sure what to expect. I headed over late one Saturday night to meet a friend for a drink and some dinner. I was pleasantly surprised at all of the tasty choices they had. The service was quick and friendly and the food was great! We've gone back since to hang out and had a blast. Fun stuff!
Never Again!! – With very few night life options in LO, we decided to give Gemini a try (once again). We had not met the on-duty bartender before and were initially pleased that he was nice. Typically the bartenders and the waitresses act begrudged that they need to "serve" someone. We ordered food from their ever-drab and unhealthy, pub menu along with a couple of microbrews. We were on our second round when the bar was invaded by what appeared to be off-duty employees. They stood annoyingly close, flanking us on both sides and barking right across us. They were obviously trying to oust us from our seats at the bar. They were loud, drunk, skanky and terribly rude ... the typical white-trash patrons that frequent Gemini. We often have unpleasant experiences when we go there, so now I'm ready to call it ... "I will NEVER go to Gemini again"!!!!! Either the owners themselves are equally trashy and encourage this behavior or they are unaware of the abuse the employees are inflicting on the customers. I wish the owners would sell or eventually realize the potential market they could draw with a tasteful, yet not snobby, establishment. What a waste of a good location!
Great food Great People Great Music – Love this place. The food is extraordinary, not typicval of a bar at all. The clientel includes all ages, diverse thinking and generally very friendly and sociable. There is always something going on in the back, live music or some kind of game.
Service is usually very good although on occasion they can get very busy and have a tough time keeping up, that is the exception not the rule.
Who's on first – Put something on the web to let folks know who is on your schedule. Use the NW Blues site or something like it to let folks know what is happening at this place. When I do call most of the folks there do not know who is playing on the weekend much less the next weekend.
Great Service – After reading the previous reviews, my expectations were low. However, we were acknowledged at the bar quickly. We asked if we needed to order there, or if there would be table service in the live music room. We were told to go have a seat and they'd be right there. We had a very attentive waitress who was quite personable. She was busy, but efficient.
The food was good, lots of choices for microbrews, and we loved the band, Volifonix out of Eugene.
Good atmosphere, bad service – While the food is not bad and usually comes fairly quickly, it is hard to get your order in. If there on a friday or saturday, you can stand at the bar for a long time without being acknowledged. The staff know they have a steady clientele, so have given up on customer service. A staff dress code would be nice to, it is Lake Oswego. The doormen have always been friendly, the poor service/attitude is mostly just from the female servers.
Bad Vibe Bad Service Bad Food – While the decor in this place is cool. The people are not.
The bar tenders ignored us. The waitresses behaved as though they were too good to bring us menus.
Perhaps the staff felt as though they knew us from a previous life- my friends and I were treated with very little common courtesy......
Don't go to this place. There are way better bars and groups of folks to spend a Saturday night with.
Great building, horrible service – This bar has been in Lake O for decades. Recent remodel turned out great! Smoking banned way ahead of mandated cutoff. Excellent menu with truly consistently great food. Entire staff is female and all are bitchy, slow, constantly angry or outright rude. Servers take forever to take your initial order and then rarely come back to check on you. Bartenders will let you stand at the bar for 10 minutes before even looking at your or asking you what you want while they check their cell phones for texts or msgs. Servers all go outside frequently for smoke breaks which slows down the already incredibly slow service. All staff dress like punk rock high school kids. I know it's a pub, but it's also Lake Oswego and maybe the staff could try and look half as nice as the remodel job. Bathrooms are usually litered with paper towels and empty glasses. Sewer in women's bathroom tends to frequently back up causing entire front of the bar to smell like feces and urine. Smell of marajuana seems to be around or behind the bar more often than not.
Great place to watch a game on the numerous flat screens. Truly delicious food at decent prices. Comfortable couches and atmosphere. Terrible service, bad attitudes and unprofessional bar and wait staff.
Awesome Burgers and Great Selection of Beers! – The Gemini is great! It has an awesome menu with great food that is all fabulously priced. I had a salad and my husband had a burger. They were both so good and the fries are tasty as well. They also had my favorite beer on draft and the atmosphere was really nice. Service was great too:) I highly recommend this place to anyone who is looking for a good bar and grill to relax and enjoy themselves at.
Great job on the remodel! – I finally went back here since the remodel and it is gorgeous! Great job! The staff is just as friendly as ever. Love the beer/food selection. Feels very welcoming.
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Mason Item Creation System - Early Design DocumentNOTE: Some ideas about how the Item System should be implemented have changed since this document.
Many computer-RPG players have over the years frowned at the lack of depth, xx and attention to real detail in most (all) commercial RPGs. Consider basic actions that anyone could come up with, like: Making a simple axe using a wooden stick, a sharp rock, and a piece of string. Then use our newly made axe to chop down trees, wield as a weapon in combat, or simply sell it to someone less creative :-). This is the attention to detail I want when I'm playing computer-RPGs, and this is what we're going to give you (and ourselves) with Mason!
Shortly summed, the Mason Item Creation System (MICS) will let you put "anything" together, and then later let you take it apart and even reuse the components. The only limitations will be in the game's item database (or so we hope :-).
Goals and Requirements
The MICS should structurally be kept as simple as possible, implementing only a few atomic operations. Instead, high-level operations will be accomplished by using a scripting system that builds more complex commands using several atomic operations. These atomic operations will mainly cover the following actions:
- Item Combining: Creating a new item using 1..n existing items, a suitable tool, and the applicable skill(s).
- Item Shaping: Changing the state of 1 existing item using a suitable tool, and the applicable skill(s).
- Item Attachment: Attaching 1..n items into a new binding using a suitable tool, and the applicable skill(s).
- Item Detachment: Detaching a binding into 1..n existing items using a suitable tool, and the applicable skill(s).
- Item Destruction: Destroying existing items when they reach 0 hitpoints, and leave diferent rest products depending on the cause of destruction.
Furthermore Items can be created from different Materials, and they inherit their initial properties from that Material (density, hitpoints, hardness, durability, look etc). Materials can also be combined in similar matter, allowing for hybrids like bronze, brass, steel a.s.o.
Just to avoid any misunderstandings, here is a quick explanation of the terms that are used throughout this paper:
- Material: The material contains type related properties. (eg Oak = {hardnesss=8,hitpoints=30,resistFire=4, ...} or Birch = {hardness=6,hitpoints=25, resistFire=6, ...} )
- Primitive Item: Items take one Material as constructor parameter, and 'inherits' the Material's properties. These properties can later be changed by external factors. (eg. magic / skill use / wear & tear)
- Complex Items: Items made by one or several bindings.
- Binding: Structure binding one or more Items and/or Bindings together, each of the bound Items/Bindings still have their individual properties.
The basic operations that we want to be able to do on anything (that makes sense), will be described below.
Examples: Sawing a tree trunk at its middle, will leave us with two tree trunks, each with half the size of the original tree trunk. Hitting a big lump of iron ore with a sledgehammer, will leave us with several (random number) little lumps or iron ore.
Examples: Using a knife on a piece of wood, could give us an axe handle (plus possible some biproducts like sawdust), but it's still the same piece of wood. Using the knife again on the axe handle, could give us a knife handle (plus some more sawdust).
Examples: []
Examples: Attaching an axehandle with an axehead, will give us a complete axe. Attaching a rock with a string, could give us a throwing sling.
Examples: Detaching the axehandle from an axe, will leave us with an axehandle and an axehead. Detaching the string from a sling, will leave us with a rock and a string.
Material Creation:Not quite yet.. . . . .
Item Creation:Primitive Items are created by supplying the item type and a Material. Note that the material must be legal for the item. Lets explain it with an example:
Scenario: The Lumberjack John has a tool belt containing a knife, and is carrying a saw. John wants to make himself a staff and an axe, he has an old axehead in his backpack. On the plains outside John's cottage, there is one little birch, and one little oak.
- First John uses his saw to saw down the oak tree. This drops our Tree(oak) item and creates a Log(oak). It also produces the bi-products SawDust(wood) and TreeStub(oak).
- Then John can use his knife to carve the log into a finished staff, reflected by the dropping of Log(oak) and creation of QuarterStaff(oak).
After having completed his wooden staff, John starts thinking. "I really should have used the hardest type of wood (oak) to create the axehandle; the softer birch would've made a sufficient staff."
- So John applies his knife once again, now to his staff(oak), and carves it into a medium sized handle instead. This involves dropping Quarterstaff(oak) and creating the MediumHandle(oak).
- Lastly John attaches the axehead to his medium sized oak handle, this involves making a binding of the handle and the axehead items.
To make this actually work, we compare the bounding box property of the the source item to the destination item. The destination must be of smaller size than the source. Then we check if Source->Material is a legal material for the destination item type. When performing these shape operations, the source item's properties are of course 'inherited' to the destination item.
We'll also need some kind of smart Complex Items structure, so that when we try to attach the axehead to the handle, the complex item database will tell us that the result is an axe. Eg. if our Complex Item structures looked like this:
Complex Item 1:
We would search for the complex item with both (and only) AxeHandle and AxeHead as it's children, thus finding the Axe complex item. The search would of course have to be restricted by some kind of groups, so that when eg. one of the elements belong to the tool category, we don't go about searching through plants and building blocks etc.
Atomic Operations (low-level operations)
Item Shape( sourceItem, destinationItemType )The shape operation takes the sourceItem's properties and material type, and uses them to create a new item of type destinationItemType. We will have a acceptedMaterialTree that defines acceptable material types for all item types, this will also include groups (eg. group:wooden, type:oak). This operation returns an item of destinationItemType, with sourceItem's properties.
Item[] Cut( sourceItem, plane, amount )The cut operation clones a sourceItem into amount+1 items and then adjusts the size/volume properties of all items. It may or may not invoke shape on each of the spawned items, depending on the plane cut in, and the number of cuts. Eg. For a wooden log: shape( Log(oak), yz, 4 ) will return 5 logs each of less 'length' than the source, whereas shape( Log(oak), zx, 5 ) will return 6 tree planks each of same 'length' and 'depth as the source, but with less width.
NOTE: Since this operation depends on the atomic operation shape, it doesn't technically qualify as an atomic operation. Hence it should probably be moved into the 'medium-level' section.
Item Combine( item1, item2 )The combine operation irreversibly combines 1..n primitive items, into a new primitive item. If the source items are made of different materials, the new item will have a material that is a mixture of all the source materials. This operation will invoke "Material->combine( item1.material, item2.material )" to get the returned item's material, but will use item1 and item2's properties.
NOTE.1: The Material->Combine() might not be allowed, which also means that the item combination is not allowed.
NOTE.2: Atomic Combine will probably only combine 2 items, but a high-level operation will automate the process of combining n items.
Binding Attach( item1, item2 )The attach command will attach 1..n items into a new binding, none of the source items will be affected by the initial process. This process is fully reversible. The binding structure will probably have a few modifier properties.
NOTE.1: Atomic Attach will probably only combine 2 items, but a high-level operation will automate the process of combining n items. NOTE.2: Bindings can also be attached.
(void) Detach( binding )The detach operation dissolves a binding, deleting the binding structure afterwards.
NOTE.1: If Atomic Attach is restricted to 2 items (see above), Atomic Detach will only detach two items. If so a high-level operation will automate process.
(void) Put( sourceItem, destination )The put operation puts the sourceItem in/on the destination. Item Group/Tag and Item Size are factors deciding if the put is valid. Eg. Put( hammer, toolbox ) valid because hammer is smaller than the toolbox. Put( shirt, self ) valid because shirt is tagged wearable.
Item[] Destroy( sourceItem, cause )The destroy operation destroys the sourceItem and (possibly) returns remnants. The cause of the destruction determines which remnants (if any) are left. Cause may be magic, heat, cold, impact...
Item Specific Operations (medium-level operations)
Pre IdeaMost (as many as possible) operations should belong to groups, but items may have unique operations.
Item tree: Items will have tag bits, allowing them filter allowed operations, and be part of multiple groups.The result of this idea example is this:
+-------------ROOT--------------+ | | | | | | USEABLE WIELDABLE WEARABLE Rock Sword Trousers Mug Knife Sweater Axe Hat Scythe Shoes Mace Socks Spear Pants Shovel Vest Hammer Steel Knuckles
Example: Groups are 'UPPER', items are 'lower'
Since the Scythe and Hammer are very inefficient at piercing, we tag unset their PIERCE tag. Since the Steel Knuckles can be worn on the hand, we tag it as Wearable, and because of its shape, we untag its PIERCE and SLASH tag.
+---------+---ROOT--------------+ | | Take | | | Put | | | Drop | | | Throw | | | | | | | | +-----+ | | | | USEABLE WIELDABLE WEARABLE Slash Wear Pierce Bash | Scythe:Harvest <= Defined item Knife:Carve <= unique operations Shovel:Dig <=
Command List:Work in progress, some defined categories would make things easier. Commands that are (nearly) unique (like Scythe:Harvest) are not listed here.
General commands: All
Wieldable commands: Weapons, Tools.
Wearable commands: Clothes, Jewelry.
Scripted Operations (high-level operations)
Pre IdeaCurrently working with Scripting for high-level operations, and Recipe system for ingame scripts.
THOUGHT: Using Python for Script/Recipe and communicate with 'lower levels' over the Atlas protocol ??
Document History
Associated operations tree: Groups are 'UPPER', operations are 'lower'
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News and Record (Virginia) - Perriello Announces $8.8 Million in Stimulus Funds for Home Weatherization in 5th District
Congressman Tom Perriello announced Thursday that nearly $8.8 million will be made available to weatherize more than 1,100 homes in the 5th District, thanks to federal funding from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act.
"Investing in home weatherization is a win-win situation because families can lower their home energy costs, which helps all consumers by taking pressure off the grid. Additionally, we can train a new green jobs workforce in energy efficiency technology," said Perriello. "These funds from the Recovery Act will create green jobs now and reduce energy costs for 1,100 homes in the 5th District."… [4/24/09]
Daily Gazette (New York) - Stimulus money comes to rescue in proposed Mechanicville school budget
The Mechanicville School District Board of Education approved a tentative $21 million budget that raises the tax levy about 1.3 percent, according to school officials…
"We would have had a 12.9 percent tax levy increase if the stimulus money hadn't come in," Grimaldi said… [4/24/09]
Tulsa World (Oklahoma) - Oklahoma schools get nearly $130 million in stimulus funds
The Oklahoma State Department of Education began notifying school districts across the state Thursday that the first round of federal stimulus money -- nearly $130 million -- is available… [4/24/09]
Indianapolis Star (Indiana) - Indiana speeds to spend highway stimulus dollars
Indiana was one of the fastest states out of the block in putting federal stimulus money to use in improving the state's roads and bridges… [4/24/09]
Christian Science Monitor - Science to gain from stimulus funds, but projects must be 'beaker ready'
The last time the US ramped up spending on science this much, the result was a man on the moon. This time the goal is more modest: jobs.
Yes, some interesting science may come out of spending $21.5 billion - equal to a 15 percent boost above recent amounts - in a short burst. But most projects have to be "beaker-ready" because a lot of the dollars will be awarded by September. This means the bulk of the money will be used to build labs, renovate classrooms, or fund projects that are already past the "interesting concept" stage… [4/24/09]
Jacksonville Business Journal - Green industry to benefit from federal stimulus, too
The federal stimulus package is designed first and foremost to shock the American economy into recovery. Then there's the expected shot to the industry of green.
The $787 billion stimulus package emphasizes funding for energy efficiency, sustainable building and renewable energy. Green proponents hope that the stimulus package will help push the movement further into the mainstream as the public and private sector realize the environmental and fiscal benefits… [4/24/09]
- Emporia Gazette (Kansas) - LCAT gets stimulus Grant of $369,500
- WTRF Channel 7 (Ohio) - Barnesville To Receive Stimulus Money for Water Treatment
- Georgia Public Broadcasting - GA Nat'l Parks to Get Stimulus $$
- Lansing State Journal/AP (Michigan) - Stimulus can be tapped to manage aid
- Coshocton Tribune (Ohio) - More stimulus money coming
- Martinsville Bulletin (Virginia) - Stimulus funds allotted
- Chillicothe Gazette (Ohio) - Vinton County water project on stimulus list
- The Day (Connecticut) - Rell announces energy stimulus grants for region


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Trigger Happiness
Attempting to calculate how many bullets troops fire every day in Iraq, Steve Sailer digs up a few data points from military researchers and congressional testimony and comes up with a big number: 275,000.
Of course, the vast majority of bullets fired never hit anybody, but you can imagine the psychological impact on Iraqis of having 275,000 American bullets per day flying around their county trying to kill somebody. The .50 caliber rounds from the old M-2 machine gun are particularly alarming -- they can fly for several miles and at close range can punch through several walls. It's kind of hard to win the hearts and minds of Iraqis when you are firing a quarter of a million bullets per day in their homeland, some of them winding up in random living rooms. Borat's joke -- "We of Kazakhstan support your War of Terror" -- must not be too funny to Iraqis.
Consider, too, that most of those bullets are being fired in Baghdad and Anbar Province, and the number is even more astounding. But has anyone compared how the bullet expenditures have changed since 2003, or if this is even a good metric to use for judging war progress? Maybe Congress could inves... well, maybe someone could check it out.
Editor's Note: We invite comments and request that they be civil and on-topic. We do not moderate or assume any responsibility for comments, which are owned by the readers who post them. Comments do not represent the views of Reason.com or Reason Foundation. We reserve the right to delete any comment for any reason at any time. Report abuses.
The number of bullets fired would always be a poor metric. It's a mildly interesting and you could certainly make the simple conclusion: More bullets fired = more combat.
But in these days of relatively modern warfare, you could have changes in the number of bullets fired with a mere change of tactics- amount of engagements be damned. For instance, if more fighting sprung up outside of Baghdad, less bullets could be fired because the soldiers on the ground might start relying on rear artillery or air support.
Even in urban fighting, new directives on a daily basis could be laid out as to how to engage in neighborhoods which could result in an increase of bullets fired for smaller engagements.
I oppose the Iraq war, but I think you're wide of the mark here.
The kills/shots-fired ratio has been ridiculously low since David first loaded a sling.
I do sympathize with the plight of the Iraqi civilians, but I think the same is true of those caught in the middle of any war. It is not a folly unique to the US troops in Iraq (even if we discount the fact that many rounds are fired just to make the enemy keep their heads down.)
"For instance, if more fighting sprung up outside of Baghdad, less bullets could be fired..."
No, fewer bullets would be fired.
Whether or not it's a good metric for judging progress, it is based in nitty-gritty, measurable reality. And it's a big number. It could be effective as a talking point when debating war boosters who tend to think only in abstract terms like "spreading democracy".
On the other hand, if hawks aren't affected by body count statistics, then number of bullets fired per day isn't going to sway them.
I hope this doesn't label me as a gun nut, but I don't think the old M-2 fires .50 caliber.
If I'm mistaken, I told you I'm not a gun nut.
Lots of bullets being fired and many more comming from american snipers picking off terrorists
No, fewer bullets would be fired.
Ouch, Tim. So we agree that the capital of France is Paris?
m2 (maw deuce)= 50 cal
No, fewer bullets would be fired.
Ouch, Tim. So we agree that the capital of France is Paris?
Fear not, Paul, your usage of 'less' was quite correct, though perhaps not preferred.
I don't care about any "kills/shots-fired ratio." Living within an area "slightly more than twice the size of Idaho," according to the CIA factbook, that has an average of 275,000 bullets flying around every day, whether or not they are aimed at me would really freak me out. That ain't no party nor disco, nor is it any fooling around.
Is it not true those rag headed goobers are always shooting up in the air with their AK47's and such. Think they would be used to all the falling metal.
On the other hand, if hawks aren't affected by body count statistics, then number of bullets fired per day isn't going to sway them.
True, but voting the idiots out of office might just get their attention.
Ruthless, the M2 does, indeed fire .50 caliber bullets.
I don't mind admitting I'm a gun nut. Anyhoo, non-military types don't seem to understand the process involved in maintaining an infantry. You tend to fire more practice rounds (by far) than you ever direct towards an enemy.
I know for a fact that the Lake City army ammunition plant makes 1.2 billion rounds a year, and total munitions contracted are some 1.8 billion rounds; but I don't know how much of that goes to Iraq. But again, there's lots of training involved in those numbers.
Small arms ammo expenditures are in the neighborhood of $166 million annually.
The trend up or down from 275,000 could be noise, changes in our tactics, changes in their tactics, or increases or decreases in the intensity of fighting, so I don't find the trend terribly informative without more info.
However, 275,000 bullets per day is a large number, and we're only going to get anywhere close to it in a war of considerable size.
I can't believe people got away with shouting "everything's fine" for three years. Everything is not fine now, it wasn't fine when the insurgency was on its last legs, it wasn't fine when we turned the corner after the elections, it wasn't fine when we weren't facing an insurgency, it wasn't fine when there were just a few dead enders, and it wasn't fine when freedom was messy.
We were systematically lied to, and there were a whole lot of eager beaver volunteers helping pass on the bullshit.
Throw the bums out.
Is it not true those rag headed goobers are always shooting up in the air with their AK47's and such. Think they would be used to all the falling metal.
I have always wondered about that ritual. I have never seen people ducking for cover in the aftermath of one of the celebratory shoot-straight-up-repeatedly sessions. But if my physics is correct than the bullets must come down at either almost the same speed or (if air resistance slows them down significantly) still pretty fast. I don't think they are shot up at a high enough velocity to escape earth's gravity.
Does anyone know how that works?
275,000 is surely just the start. It's probably 1.5 or 2 times that, if you add in all the insurgent fire, or the sectarian militia fire.
I know very little (maybe nothing) about guns, bullets, etc. So can someone please tell me how many bullets are fired per day in, say, the US? This miight help frame the discussion of whether (how?) "big" the number 275,000 really is.
To answer your questions, here's a comparison in small arms ammo production from Lake City:
1995 = 325 million rounds per year
2001 = 800 million rounds per year
2006 = 1.2 billion rounds per year
275,000/24 = 11,458 per hour
11,458/60 = 191 per minute
191/60 = 3.2 per second
Right now, combining firing ranges and the hunting season, don't you think more than 3.2 bullets per second are being shot in this country.
And do the comparison to Iraq and per shot per square mile you get something equivalent probably to Iraq or not, which proves using bullets shot per day is really a very asinine way to judge military success.
Usually the comments here are by people of a higher intelligence.
Oh well, price of the free market. A moron gets to raise his stupid point. Sera, sera.
"...if my physics is correct than the bullets must come down at either almost the same speed or (if air resistance slows them down significantly) still pretty fast. I don't think they are shot up at a high enough velocity to escape earth's gravity."
Of course they don't escape earth gravity. If bullet traveled at escape velocity there would be a pretty dense layer of lead in orbit.
They come down at terminal velocity, nowhere near the muzzel velocity when they leave the weapon. The bullet goes starts moving downward from a state of zero velocity at it's hisghest point. The terminal velocity is as fast as it can move with air resistance. In a vacum the bullet would hit the ground with the same velocity as it left the muzzle.
Hell, just since this thread started, I've shot up at least 25,000 rounds trying to inspire the server squirrels to work faster.
The bullet will generally come down faster than at terminal velocity since (unless shooting straight up) only the vertical component of the velocity reaches zero. The bullet still has the horizontal contribution due to the initial muzzle velocity
Since bullets are spin stablized anything fired straight up, pointy end first, will tend to stop and fall back down blunt end first, thus reducing it's terminal velocity. It's been a while since I've looked at a ballistics program but memory says the slug will impact with about as much force as a golfball sized chunk of hail. Not good to be beaned with, but not fatal either. I think there was a myth-busters about this recently too.
The real problem is when the bullets are fired at less than about a 75 degree angle and they retain much of their velocity, and hence energy, all the way to impact.
Back in the peaceful late 90's domestic ammo production was about 5 billion rds/yr. Most of that was fired in the lower 48. It didn't kill 600K here.
I have never seen people ducking for cover in the aftermath of one of the celebratory shoot-straight-up-repeatedly sessions. But if my physics is correct than the bullets must come down at either almost the same speed or (if air resistance slows them down significantly) still pretty fast. I don't think they are shot up at a high enough velocity to escape earth's gravity. Does anyone know how that works?
Without getting too technical (The exact numbers depend on the cartridge's muzzle velocity, and the bullet's terminal velocity) a .30 caliber bullet shot straight up will come down fast enough to cause serious injury or death to any person or animal it hits.
Every four or five years the San Antonio news reports on someone wounded or killed by a falling bullet on the Forth of July or New Years. And those are usually handgun, not rifle bullets.
From my experience the main contributor to this lead pollution is not the .50 caliber M-2, but the .22 caliber infantry rifles. Issuing soldiers very light automatic weapons and hundreds of rounds of ammunition tends to reduce the incentive to actually hit the target when shooting.
Unless, of course, the figure includes the 20mm ammo for the helicopter and aircraft gatlings. They shoot so fast it's hard to fire less than 100 rounds per trigger squeeze.
In a vacum the bullet would hit the ground with the same velocity as it left the muzzle.
Wrong. Maybe in space. But that involve a vacuum and microgravity.
In a vacuum(but still on earth) - assuming it was shot up - it would eventually return to earth accelerating from the hight at which gravity overtook it until it hit the something on the return to earth.
That would most likely be less that the muzzle velocity because of the 2nd law of thermodynamics.
"Right now, combining firing ranges and the hunting season, don't you think more than 3.2 bullets per second are being shot in this country."
pretty disingenous.
3.2 bullets/second at a range or hunting deer does not produce the same effects on a population as 3.2 bps in your neighborhoods.
downstater, I know, that is why I said its asinine to judge military success by shots fired.
As for the same effects, well just ask Barbra Boxer or Sarah Brady or any PETA twit and I am sure, they'll swear that the damage done by the torrential daily shooting produces a daily obscence holocaust far worse in Iraq because its etc. etc. etc.....
qeek, velocity is velocity whether horizontal or vertical components are involved.
The 2nd law of thermodynamics - in a sense - indicates the energy produced by the event will never be greater than the energy that produces the evnt(s).
If the muzzle velocity gets the bullet up to the point where gravity reduces velocity to zero, then on the return trip, the velocity can never be higher than the initial muzzle velocity unless some other energy is added to increase that velocity.
Since gravity is a constant, there's no place in our example for additional energy to add velocity. Keep in mind the velocity on the up trip will decrease at the same rate at which it increases coming back down.
i agree that shots fired is probably not a good metric for success.
what i'm trying to refute is any notion that the number of shots fired in iraq is no big deal because we have that many here in the states - when our shots are clearly fired with a different intent/purpose.
boxer? brady? peta? not sure how their takes (however stupid they may be) are relevant enough to the discussion to even be brought up. i think you may have some personal hostility to work through.
OK- in a vacuum, on earth, with a vertical shot -why would the round not travel at muzzle velocity when it reached the muzzle on the way down?
All the energy of the round has no were to go (no friction) on the way up, it is 100% converted into potentail energy. On the way down an equal about of energy is released. The accelration of the round would be symetracal.
By god, am I the only guy around here who watches Mythbusters religiously?!:
"As for the same effects, well just ask Barbra Boxer or Sarah Brady or any PETA twit..."
Republicans: all culture war, all the time.
What were we talking about again?
Fear not, Paul, your usage of 'less' was quite correct, though perhaps not preferred.
I do agree with Tim that 'fewer' is much preferred. At least it reads better to me. It just kinda stung is all...
Your probably right. But can you think of a better place to work through your personal hostility then a comment section of a blog?
How many rounds fired per day probably isnt a good metric for how "well" we are doing. Its a better metric for how truck drivers are doing, as they run the ammo out to dispersed troops. Low on ammo? You shoot less. Endless rounds- full auto, spray & pray. BECAUSE:
in general (Marines excepted, to a point) actual rifelry isnt taught in training. Its an art as well as a skill: in that you can be taught the rules & still not have the talent. Outside of snipers- the most responsible people on a battlefield- and Marine combat troops, (I know, they are all combat, but some get more range/tutoring time) actual long range marksmanship isnt taught. Takes a lot of time & many hours of practice to simply be "competant".
Figure, during the Boer War, a 14 year old Boer lad was expected to hit a Brit in the head, first time, every time, at 300 plus yards. That was considered "competant" with the Mauser rifle of the day.
Wars One & Two saw soldiers, over open sights, doing the same, maybe a bit more. Being able to hit a pack of luckies at 200 yardas. Pop a Jerry in the head at 400 yards: std for a Russian sniper w/ a 4x scope. But that kind of training takes time. Time is expensive, mass produced ammo cheap. "Contractors" profit from ammo sales. Nobody makes a buck off sniper training,
After War 2, automatic firearms came to the fore, & volume of fire replaced accuracy of fire. Accuracy of fire requires complete confidence & a cool heads. Volume of fire requires an idea of what direction to unload & a trigger finger. Thus the huge number of rounds expended. Couple that with the fact Our Lads (and Lasses) are shooting a light, fast bullet suited for very close range work in an open (long range) environment, and you get massive numbers of rounds fired, often at nothing at all they can see. Cant blame them: its a complete fiasco, we here on the Home Front let them down by lettin it happen, & they want to get home. And have almost unlimited ammo.
Now translate "blind shooting" like this into artillery ,or naval gunnery, or areial bombardment, and you get Viet Nam, & Lebanon, when we were "neutral".
Snipers. They got my respect, completely. One shot, one kill. No "collateral" damage....unless you are, say, the FBI HRT. A Marine or Army sniper can take the right life with one round a thousand yards or more. & the Marines- them rascals, were using Ma Deuce .50's with big ass scopes on them & a spotter with a stop wath to shoot Viets 2-3 miles away.
Had a 7.62 round come thru the tin roof & land in my soup, in Nicaragua. Came mostly straight down. I figure a skull aint much harder than a tin roof & the bottom of my soup bowl.....
"But can you think of a better place to work through your personal hostility then a comment section of a blog?"
apparently it's being worked through 3 times per second in iraq!
"Also the MythBusters were able to identify two people who had been injured by falling bullets, one of them fatally injured."
If anyone knows (and I'm too lazy to check), how many allied troops are in Iraq? Divide into the number of bullets each day.
1000 rounds each? 100? 10? 2?
Not trying to make a statement, just curious.
"OK- in a vacuum, on earth, with a vertical shot -why would the round not travel at muzzle velocity when it reached the muzzle on the way down?
All the energy of the round has no were to go (no friction) on the way up, it is 100% converted into potentail energy. On the way down an equal about of energy is released. The accelration of the round would be symetracal."
The key, I think, is that on the upward portion of the trip, the bullet would travel farther in a vacuum than in air, giving it more time to accelerate on the way down.
In air, the bullet could only reach muzzle velocity while falling only if it were allowed to keep falling below the height at which it was fired. (frex, if it was fired by someone on a wire across the grand canyon.)
why would the round not travel at muzzle velocity when it reached the muzzle on the way down?
Because according to the 2nd law of thermodynamics, the energy recovered will always be less, not equal too, the energy used.
Or as Alan Ginsberg restates it, "You can't break even."
"Also the MythBusters were able to identify two people who had been injured by falling bullets, one of them fatally injured."
I don't think mythbusters tried very hard. I was a bit surprised that they were... surprised.
I believe there have been a number of documented cases in Israel and Palestine of people seriously injured and killed by falling bullets.
We are, for want of a better word, anthropomorphizing the Iraqis into our own image. This is a country where AK-47s are fired into the air at weddings, for Christ's sake. Let's not go overboard with the psychological impact of a little flying lead.
There's a difference between arcing and falling. One still retains some of it's original momentum and is merely trending downward; the other has lost all it's momentum, and is purely under the control of gravity.
Semantics, I know. But important. Falling bullets only go 150 FPS. Arcing bullets can retain significant velocity, and impact miles from the weapon.
Just to clear things up, the U.S. military fires several million bullets per day in training exercises around the world. My estimate of 275,000 per day is the number of American bullets fired in anger in combat operations in Iraq based on testimony at a 2004 Congressional hearing.
Perhaps I've made some mistakes in my calculations, but the most striking fact about this number is how little interest there has been in the media. The Pentagon, not surprisingly, has not made a big deal out of it.
Ok, after running the numbers through my ballistics calculator, here's what I got:
Shooting a 308 WIN. ball at a 64 degree angle, it will land 2.6 miles away at a speed of 440 fps. That will kill you.
If you shot it at a perfect 90 degree angle, it would keep going until it lost its momentum, and come back down at 150 fps.
That's great, Lee. I guess all flying bullets are created equal, whether your cousin is firing them harmlessly into the air, or a foriegn army is playing Doom with insurgents in your neighborhood.
No, you are not the only one around here who watches Mythbusters religiously.
The Mythbusters proved:
1) A bullet fired straight up in the air will stop and be suspended motionless in the air for a fraction of a second. The muzzle velocity of the bullet is relevant only to how high it goes, not how fast it falls. A bullet that travels straight up, say 1 mile, will fall and hit the ground at the same speed as if you dropped it from a stationary baloon 1 mile up. This is terminal velocity and would hurt like hell, but it won't kill you. However, a bullet fired into the air at an angle (another commenter or two mentioned this) retains a considerable amount of energy, enough to kill you deader'n hell.
So say the Mythbusters, and these guys are very scientific and sytematic in their investigations.
Just for s&gs. Troops ARE taught fairly good marksmanship skills. You are expected to be able to hit a target at 300m. It is NOT spray-and-pray.
All others, SF, Ranger, Airborne, etc, all can hit were they aim.
Please look at 'Murphy's Rules of Combat'. It's not really a joke.
Retired SF dood
I'm afraid the 2nd law of thermodynamics isn't relevant here. "You can't break even" is a statistical principle that applies to useful energy derived from an heat engine. Useful energy is only meaningful in the context of a thermodynamic problem. It is incorrect to think of the bullet as deriving useful energy from this process. This is a much simpler calculation involving potential energy, kinetic energy, and friction losses.
Conservation of energy is the relevant principle here. You trade kinetic energy for potential energy going up the gravity well, and you get it back going back down the gravity well. A bullet fired up at 90 degrees in a vacuum will arrive back at ground level with the same kinetic energy it had going up. Air resistance turns kinetic energy into heat. But there is no thermodynamics involved. Really, I know this stuff.
(Except for the air being heated. There is thermodynamics in that process. But we are talking about the bullet as a single object.)
There what, 125,000 plus US soldiers in Iraq. So 275,000 bullets is only a little over 2 per soldier per day. This seems pretty low to me, not high, especially considering the rate of fire of some automatic weapons like those on helicopters and 50 cals.
Even with the mere qualifier of "Really, I know this stuff." I defer to Fred's expertise. It's been about 12 years since I had college physics. I'd ask a bunch of questions but "Lost" is getting ready to come on so see ya.
It's okay, the Pentagon has figured out the problem. It's all one guy, PFC John Rambo.
There's a difference between arcing and falling.
I definitely know this. And I saw the opening of the Mythbusters show- but unfortunately due to extenuating circumstances I couldn't watch the whole bit.
After reading some of the other comments, I guess the Mythbusters peeps noted that a bullet fired 'straight up' is different than one fired at a given arc etc. etc.
I guess to me, and having a certain knowledge of guns firing in the air, it would be fantastically rare for someone to fire a bullet into the air straight enough AND hit someone to show up statistically. Most shots fired into the air are done indiscriminately and as such enjoy some sort of arc in their tragectory.
As a kid, we used to fire shotguns with birdshot as straight into the air as we could, and then listen for the pellets hitting the desert bushes around us. No one ever got hurt.
Correct me if I am wrong, I'm not, but a bullet shot straight up is actually accelerating straight down from the instant it leaves the barrel of the gun until it hits the ground.
It is technically possible that the bullet is no longer accelerating inside the barrel, if it reaches the sonic velocity of the pressure wave pushing it out of the barrel. Once it leaves the barrel it continuously accelerated toward earth by gravity (this can thought of as decceleration if the bullet is shot straight up). It is also deccelerated (accelerated against its direction of travel by friction with the air.
Also, although there 125,000 or so troops in Iraq, only about 20,000 or so are combat troops and they do most of the shooting.
Buck Smith,
I guess that is technically possible but not probable. I don't think there are any guns made where this happens. What would be the point of having a barrel longer than the length necessary to reach the speed of the pressure wave pushing the bullet? The extra length would be useless.
this whole devolution into a debate on the physics of falling bullets is such a perfect reminder that most libertoids are ubernerds.
The researcher must have read the statistices without having a clue for their context.
First off, Soldiers and Marines are not just firing indiscrimiately, so most Iraqis don't have bullets whizzing over their heads at random hours. (unless you want to take the time honored Iraqi tradition of "celebratory gunfire") For the most part, the firing is controlled. Iraq is not a free-fire zone, and the rules of engagement call for several actions to be taken, circumstances permitting, before one bullet leaves the barrel.
Second, once a hostile target has been identified, often by firing upon Soldiers or attempting to set of an IED, they don't do us the courtesy of standing still in the open and allowing himself to be dispatched with one shot.
The researcher has obviously no idea of the concept of suppressive fire either. Did he take into account that any almost any day of the week, lots of rounds are being fired solely for the purpose of training?
Statistics are useful tools, but only rarely prove a theory.
wow...this whole devolution into a debate on the physics of falling bullets is such a perfect reminder that most libertoids are ubernerds.
Consider where the the debate devolved from...a post about the number of bullets being fired in our current military action. Ubernerds indeed.
Mythbusters rules. It should be cited hereabouts more frequently. Last night, they shot a pressurized air tank right through a concrete wall. Bam!
275,000 bullets being fired through disciplined targetting is still 275,000 bullets - especially given the locations and character of the melees that make up this war, usually firefights in populated towns and cities, in and amongst the population. That American soldiers are demonstrating this discipline is relevant in judging their morality and that of their commanders, but it probably doesn't make much of a difference what tactics were being employed when its your house that get sprayed with .30 caliber bullets. As you say, the character of this war is causing this variety of fighting, even as careful rules of engagement are being followed.
"Did he take into account that any almost any day of the week, lots of rounds are being fired solely for the purpose of training?" Yes, he did, as he wrote in the article, as was nice enough to repeat in the comment thread: the 275,000 figure represents shots fired in battle.
Thanks for pointing out my oversight, Joe.
I won't question the data Mr. Sailer used, but I am in Ramadi, and just by going through the daily combat reports, I am seeing far less than 1,000 rounds per day on average being fired by the entire combat team. I read reports from other provinces, and those don't differ much more. The daily numbers just don't back up the statistical averages. Ballpark math for the size of this element dictates that we should be shooting about 9,000 rounds a day, and that is if every trooper was on the walls holding off an attack. In reality, far fewer Soldiers are likely to engage in direct combat on a daily basis.
I am not a statistician or a math whiz, and I am not suggesting Mr. Sailer is lying, I am just saying that I do not see the evidence of 275,000 rounds being expended daily in relation to the level of activity I see in my part of the Anbar province. I can't explain it, and it's not my area of expertise, I merely want to say I am skeptical. I also don't want to create the impression that everything is just rosy here in the Jewel of the Euphrates River Valley.
Im hopin standards are better in riflery than when I went thru training in '68. While I went thru just basic firearms training- bein in the Engineers- I saw enough of AI Infantry trained grunts who had no notion of actual marksmanship. That I learned at home, & it was that, not any Army training, that saved my young ass. Lucky us, we had 14's. ended up being drafted to coach the poorer shooters in my training Co, at that.
And I know how much spray & pray was goin on, then, with zero concern of what was downrange past our putative targets.
Anyhow, SgtSki, any hostility/skepticism you might pick up in my comments has to do with the war, not you boys (my boys) havin been there myself.
You take care of them boys, Sarge. Me & mine are rootin for you all to both take it to them, and get home.


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Jon Voightactor, director, writer
Born: 12/29/1938
Birthplace: Yonkers, New York
Three-time Academy Award nominee for Best Actor, Voight won for his portrayal of a wounded Vietnam War veteran in Coming Home (1978) opposite Jane Fonda. The role also won him a Best Actor award Cannes Film Festival. Voight's other nominations came for his roles in Midnight Cowboy (1969) and Runaway Train (1985). A few awards he'd rather forget are the Razzie nominations he received for the for the flop Anaconda (1997) and for worst supporting actor in Most Wanted (1997). His daughter is Academy Award winner Angelina Jolie.
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1. Billy Donovan says Florida's depth situation is "dire" rolling into Alabama.
2. The Gator coach is warning his team it could be NIT bound if it continues to falter.
3. Georgia could still finish 8-8 in the SEC with a red hot finish.
4. John Calipari doesn't want to talk about the odds of Kentucky finishing SEC play undefeated. (UK has done it twice before… the only two times in league history it's been done.)
5. South Carolina has spent $150 million in facility upgrades over the last five years.
6. Cuonzo Martin has tried a lot of different player rotations and combinations this season at Tennessee.
7. Martin says he believes his Vols can reach the NCAA tourney by winning out. (The numbers — as posted on the site today — would suggest otherwise.)
8. There's talk that Maryland quarterback Danny O'Brien might transfer to Vanderbilt, but James Franklin is staying silent on the matter. (Wonder if that means O'Brien's not a man of honor, not a man of integrity?)
9. It's not a done deal yet, but dang near everyone in Alabama believes Willie Martinez will be reunited with Brian VanGorder as Auburn's new secondary coach.
10. Tiger tight end Philip Lutzenkirchen will likely miss spring practice after undergoing shoulder surgery.
11. Backup Arkansas quarterback Brandon Mitchell was ready when his number was called by the Razorback basketball team last weekend.
12. This writer feels it's time the Hogs give Nolan Richardson a permanent honor at Bud Walton Arena.
13. LSU will try to avenge a close loss in Starkville when MSU visits Baton Rouge tonight.
14. Freshman Johnny O'Bryant continues to come up big for the Purple and Gold.
15. Mississippi State will play four of its next five games on the road.
16. Rick Stansbury wants his Bulldogs to kickstart their defensive efforts.
17. Ole Miss' search for a new athletic director? Still going.


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Nonpoint Source Water Pollution:
Greater Oversight and Additional Data Needed for Key EPA Water Program
GAO-12-335: Published: May 31, 2012. Publicly Released: Jul 2, 2012.
Additional Materials:
- Highlights Page:
- Accessible Text:
- E-Supplement
(202) 512-3841
Office of Public Affairs
(202) 512-4800
What GAO Found
Under section 319 of the Clean Water Act, state-selected projects to reduce nonpoint source pollution have helped restore more than 350 impaired water bodies since 2000, but other projects have encountered significant challenges. According to GAO survey results, 28 percent of projects did not achieve all objectives originally identified in the project proposal (e.g., implementing the desired number of pollution reduction practices), while many that did so still faced considerable challenges. About half such challenges were beyond staff control (e.g., bad weather or staff turnover), but the other half were challenges that generally could have been identified and mitigated before projects were proposed and selected for funding, such as gaining access to desired properties. In one state, for example, $285,000 in section 319 funds was to subsidize the cost to homeowners of repairing damaged septic systems. Once the grant was awarded, however, one homeowner signed up to participate.
The Environmental Protection Agencys (EPA) oversight and measures of effectiveness of states programs have not consistently ensured the selection of projects likely to yield measurable water quality outcomes. EPAs 10 regional offices varied widely in their review of states work plans, which describe projects states plan to undertake in the upcoming year, and project selection criteria, which identify eligibility parameters for receiving section 319 funds. For example, three regional offices reported reviewing annual work plans in depth and actively influencing the types of projects selected, while three others reported limited to no involvement in such reviews, instead deferring to states judgment on project feasibility and selection. EPA, however, has not provided its 10 regions with guidance on how to oversee the state programs. Also, EPAs primary measures of program effectiveness may not fully demonstrate program achievements. Section 319 requires states to report to EPA on two measures, including reductions in key pollutants. It does not limit EPA to these two measures, but the agency has chosen to use them as barometers of success for the section 319 program. States can demonstrate their achievements in additional waysways that may provide a more accurate picture of the overall health of targeted water bodies, such as the number and kind of living organisms in the water.
USDAs Environmental Quality Incentives Program is the key agricultural conservation program that can complement EPA efforts to reduce nonpoint source pollution, and its conservation practices have significantly reduced pollutants coming from agricultural land across the country. Notwithstanding its achievements, certain conservation practices can adversely affect water quality if not properly implementedfor example, by transporting polluted runoff from nutrient-laden fields into nearby water bodies. The agencys Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has procedures in place intended to ensure that its practices do not inadvertently harm water quality. During its field work, GAO identified a few instances where these procedures may not have been followed (including in watersheds where EPAs section 319 funds had been used), and therefore sought NRCS data to determine if they were isolated instances or indicative of a more prevalent issue. NRCS national level data, however, are not sufficiently detailed to identify whether appropriate measures are always in place to mitigate potential water quality impacts. According to NRCS, such data are instead located in its field offices and are not analyzed by the agency.
Why GAO Did This Study
Pollution from nonpoint sourcessuch as runoff from farms or construction sitesremains the leading cause of impairment to the nations waters. Under section 319 of the Clean Water Act, each year EPA provides grants to states to implement programs and fund projects that address nonpoint source pollution; the program received $165 million in fiscal year 2012. Section 319 includes minimum conditions that states must meet to receive grants. By regulation, EPAs 10 regional offices oversee state programs and are to ensure that states projects can be feasibly implemented. USDA also has programs to protect water resources.
GAO examined (1) states experiences in funding projects that address nonpoint source pollution, (2) the extent to which EPA oversees the section 319 program and measures its effectiveness, and (3) the extent to which key agricultural programs complement EPA efforts to control such pollution. GAO surveyed project managers, reviewed information from EPAs 10 regional offices on oversight of state programs, and analyzed USDA data.
What GAO Recommends
GAO recommends, among other things, that EPA provide section 319 oversight guidance to its regional offices and that USDA analyze data to determine if measures were taken to mitigate water quality impacts in section 319 project areas. EPA agreed with the recommendations, while USDA was silent on them. Both agencies commented on specific findings, which are addressed within the report.
For more information, contact David C. Trimble at (202) 512-3841 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
Status Legend:
- Review Pending
- Open
- Closed - implemented
- Closed - not implemented
Recommendations for Executive Action
Recommendation: To help protect the quality of our nations water resources, and to strengthen EPAs implementation of its responsibilities under the Clean Water Acts section 319 nonpoint source pollution control program, the Administrator of EPA should provide specific guidance to EPAs 10 regional offices on how they are to fulfill their oversight responsibilities, such as how to review states plans for project feasibility and criteria to ensure that funded projects have characteristics that reflect the greatest likelihood of effective implementation and tangible water quality results.
Agency Affected: Environmental Protection Agency
Status: Open
Comments: When we confirm what actions the agency has taken in response to this recommendation, we will provide updated information.
Recommendation: To help protect the quality of our nations water resources, and to strengthen EPAs implementation of its responsibilities under the Clean Water Acts section 319 nonpoint source pollution control program, the Administrator of EPA should, in revising section 319 guidelines to states, and in addition to existing statutorily required reporting measures, emphasize measures that (1) more accurately reflect the overall health of targeted water bodies (e.g., the number, kind, and condition of living organisms) and (2) demonstrate states focus on protecting high-quality water bodies, where appropriate.
Agency Affected: Environmental Protection Agency
Status: Open
Comments: When we confirm what actions the agency has taken in response to this recommendation, we will provide updated information.
Recommendation: To help protect the quality of our nations water resources, and to provide assurance that efforts to conserve soil resources do not work at cross-purposes with efforts to protect water quality, the Secretary of Agriculture should direct the Chief of the Natural Resources Conservation Service to analyze available information, and obtain necessary information from field offices, to determine the extent to which appropriate mitigation measures are implemented when nutrient management plans are not in use, particularly in watersheds where states are spending section 319 funds.
Agency Affected: Department of Agriculture
Status: Open
Comments: When we confirm what actions the agency has taken in response to this recommendation, we will provide updated information.
Apr 15, 2014
National Environmental Policy Act:Little Information Exists on NEPA AnalysesGAO-14-370: Published: Apr 15, 2014. Publicly Released: Apr 15, 2014.
National Environmental Policy Act:Little Information Exists on NEPA AnalysesGAO-14-369: Published: Apr 15, 2014. Publicly Released: Apr 15, 2014.
Mar 4, 2014
Climate Change:Energy Infrastructure Risks and Adaptation EffortsGAO-14-74: Published: Jan 31, 2014. Publicly Released: Mar 4, 2014.
Feb 27, 2014
Oil and Gas Management:Continued Attention to Interior's Human Capital Challenges Is NeededGAO-14-394T: Published: Feb 27, 2014. Publicly Released: Feb 27, 2014.
Feb 19, 2014
Oil and Gas:Interior Has Begun to Address Hiring and Retention Challenges but Needs to Do MoreGAO-14-205: Published: Jan 31, 2014. Publicly Released: Feb 19, 2014.
Feb 12, 2014
Extreme Weather Events:Limiting Federal Fiscal Exposure and Increasing the Nation's ResilienceGAO-14-364T: Published: Feb 12, 2014. Publicly Released: Feb 12, 2014.
Feb 10, 2014
Drinking Water:EPA Has Improved Its Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Program, but Additional Action Is NeededGAO-14-103: Published: Jan 9, 2014. Publicly Released: Feb 10, 2014.
Feb 4, 2014
Coal Leasing:BLM Could Enhance Appraisal Process, More Explicitly Consider Coal Exports, and Provide More Public InformationGAO-14-140: Published: Dec 18, 2013. Publicly Released: Feb 4, 2014.
Jan 22, 2014
Army Corps of Engineers:Cost Increases in Flood Control Projects and Improving Communication with Nonfederal SponsorsGAO-14-35: Published: Dec 20, 2013. Publicly Released: Jan 22, 2014.
Jan 13, 2014
Clean Water Act:Changes Needed If Key EPA Program Is to Help Fulfill the Nation's Water Quality GoalsGAO-14-80: Published: Dec 5, 2013. Publicly Released: Jan 13, 2014.
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