text:
Seal hunting
Seal hunting, or sealing, is the personal or commercial hunting of seals. Seal hunting is currently practiced in six countries: Canada, where most of the world's seal hunting takes place, Namibia, Greenland, Iceland, Norway and Russia. Seals are hunted also in Finland and Sweden to prevent fisheries damages. Canada's largest market for seals is Norway (through GC Rieber AS).[1]
The Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) regulates the seal hunt in Canada. It sets quotas (total allowable catch – TAC), monitors the hunt, studies the seal population, works with the Canadian Sealers' Association to train sealers on new regulations, and promotes sealing through its website and spokespeople. The DFO set harvest quotas of over 90,000 seals in 2007; 275,000 in 2008; 280,000 in 2009; and 330,000 in 2010.[2] The actual kills in recent years have been less than the quotas: 82,800 in 2007; 217,800 in 2008; 72,400 in 2009; and 67,000 in 2010.[3]
In 2007, Norway claimed that 29,000 harp seals were killed in its seal hunt, and Russia and Greenland claimed that 5,476 and 90,000 seals were killed in 2007, respectively.
Harp seal populations in the northwest Atlantic declined to approximately 2 million in the late 1960s as a result of Canada's annual kill rates, which averaged to over 291,000 from 1952 to 1970.[4] Conservationists demanded reduced rates of killing and stronger regulations to avert the extinction of the harp seals. In 1971, the Canadian government responded by instituting a quota system. The system was competitive, with each boat catching as many seals as it could before the hunt closed, which the Department of Fisheries and Oceans did when they knew that year's quota had been reached. Because it was thought that the competitive element might cause sealers to cut corners, new regulations were introduced that limited the catch to 400 seals per day, and 2000 per boat total. A 2007 population survey conducted by the DFO estimated the population at 5.5 million.[citation needed]
It is illegal in Canada to hunt newborn harp seals (whitecoats) and young hooded seals (bluebacks). When the seal pups begin to molt their downy white fur at the age of 12–14 days, they are called "ragged-jacket" and can be commercially hunted.[5] After molting, the seals are called "beaters", named for the way they beat the water with their flippers.[6] The hunt remains highly controversial, attracting significant media coverage and protests each year.[7] Images from past hunts have become iconic symbols for conservation, animal welfare, and animal rights advocates. In 2009, Russia banned the hunting of harp seals less than one year old.
- 1 History
- 2 Equipment and method
- 3 Modern sealing
- 4 Sealing debate
- 5 Media
- 6 References
- 7 External links
The term seal is used to refer to a diverse group of animals. In science, they are grouped together in the Pinnipeds, which also includes the walrus, not popularly thought of as a seal, and not considered here. The two main families of seals are the Otariidae (the eared seals; includes sea lions, and fur seals), and Phocidae (the earless seals); animals in the Phocidae family are sometimes referred to as hair seals, and are much more adept in the water than the eared seals, though have a more difficult time getting around on land. The fur seal yields a valuable fur; the hair seal has no fur, but oil can be obtained from its fat and leather from its hide.[8] Seals have been used for their pelts, their flesh, and their fat, which was often used as lamp fuel, lubricants, cooking oil, a constituent of soap, the liquid base for red ochre paint, and for processing materials such as leather and jute.
Traditional Inuit hunt[edit]
Archeological evidence indicates the Native Americans and First Nations People in Canada have been hunting seals for at least 4,000 years. Traditionally, when an Inuit boy killed his first seal or caribou, a feast was held. The meat was an important source of fat, protein, vitamin A, vitamin B12 and iron,[9] and the pelts were prized for their warmth. The Inuit diet is rich in fish, whale, and seal.
Traditional Inuit seal hunting accounts for three percent of the total hunt; it is excluded from the European Commission's call in 2006 for a ban on the import, export and sale of all harp and hooded seal products.[10] Ringed seals were once the main staple for food, and have been used for clothing, boots, fuel for lamps, as delicacy, containers, igloo windows, and in harnesses for huskies. Though no longer used to this extent, ringed seals are still an important food source for the people of Nunavut.[11] Called nayiq by the Central Alaskan Yup'ik people, the ringed seal is also hunted and eaten in Alaska.
Seals were hunted in northwest Europe and the Baltic Sea more than 10,000 years ago.[citation needed] The first commercial hunting of seals is said to have occurred in 1515, when a cargo of fur seal skins from Uruguay was sent to Spain for sale in the markets of Seville.[12]
North Atlantic[edit]
Migratory fishermen began hunting seals in the region of Newfoundland and Labrador and the Gulf of St. Lawrence in the 1500s. Large-scale commercial seal hunting outside of Europe began with the Newfoundland seal hunt, which became an annual event starting in 1723 and expanded rapidly near the turn of the 18th century. Growing from the international Grand Banks fishery, the Newfoundland hunt began with small schooner-based hunts. Kill rates averaged 451,000 in the 1830s, and rose to 546,000 annually during the first half of the next decade, which led to a marked decline in the harp seal population that in turn adversely impacted profits in the sealing industry.[13]
In the 1870s, the industry was transformed by the arrival of large, steam-powered sealing vessels, such as the steam barquentines Bear and Terra Nova, which could break through ice packs to the heart of large seal herds. These large and expensive ships required major capital investments from British and Newfoundland firms, and shifted the industry from merchants in small outports to companies based in St. John's, Newfoundland. By the late 19th century, the sealing industry in Newfoundland was second in importance only to cod fishing.[14] The seal hunt provided critical winter wages for fishermen, but was dangerous work marked by sealing disasters that claimed hundreds of lives, such as the 1914 Newfoundland Sealing Disaster involving the SS Southern Cross, the SS Newfoundland, and SS Stephano.[15] The rugged hulls and experienced crews of Newfoundland sealing vessels often led sealers such as Bear and Terra Nova to be hired for arctic exploration and one sealer Algerine was hired to recover Titanic bodies in 1912. After World War II, the Newfoundland hunt was dominated by large Norwegian sealing vessels until the late 20th century, when the much diminished hunt shifted to smaller motor fishing vessels, based from outports around Newfoundland and Labrador. In 2007, the commercial seal hunt dividend contributed about $6 million to the Newfoundland GDP, a fraction of the industry's former importance.[citation needed]
South Atlantic[edit]
Sealing spread further in the late 18th century, when seal herds in the southern hemisphere began to be hunted by whalers. In 1778, English sealers brought back from the Island of South Georgia and the Magellan Strait area as many as 40,000 seal skins and 2,800 tons of elephant seal oil. In 1791, 102 vessels, manned by 3000 sealers, were hunting seals south of the equator. The principal American sealing ports were Stonington and New Haven, Connecticut.[16] Most of the pelts taken during these expeditions would be sold in China.[12]
Commercial sealing in Australasia appears to have started with Eber Bunker, master of the William and Ann, who announced his intention in November 1791 to visit and hunt in New Zealand's Dusky Sound.[17]:10–11 Captain William Raven of the Britannia stationed a party at Dusky from 1792 to 1793, but the discovery of Bass Strait, between mainland Australia and Van Diemen's Land (in what is now Tasmania) saw the sealers' focus shift there in 1798, when a gang including Daniel Cooper was landed from the Nautilus on Cape Barren Island.[18] With Bass Strait over-exploited by 1802 attention returned to southern New Zealand where Stewart Island/Rakiura and Foveaux Strait were explored, exploited and charted from 1803 to 1804.[19] Thereafter, attention shifted to the subantarctic Antipodes Islands, 1805–7, the Auckland Islands from 1806, the southeast coast of New Zealand's South Island, Otago Harbour and Solander Island by 1809, before focusing further to the south at the newly discovered Campbell Island and Macquarie Island from 1810.[20][21][22] In this time sealers were active on the southern coast of mainland Australia, for example at Kangaroo Island.[23] This whole development has been called the first sealing boom and sparked the Sealers' War in southern New Zealand. By the mid teens of the 19th century, sealing had faded. There was a brief revival from 1823, but this was very short-lived.[18] Although highly profitable at times and affording New South Wales one of its earliest trade staples, its unregulated character saw its self-destruction. Some traders were Australia-based, notably Simeon Lord, Henry Kable, James Underwood and Robert Campbell, but American and British traders and seamen were engaged in it, too, such as the Plummers of London and the Whitneys of New York.[17][24][25][26]
By 1830, most Pacific seal stocks had been seriously depleted, and Lloyd's records only showed one full-time sealing vessel on its books.[12] In the North Pacific, the later 1800s saw large harvests of fur seals. These harvests decreased along with fur seal populations. The end of the 19th century was marked by the Bering Sea Controversy between the United States and Great Britain over the management of fur seal harvests.[8] Since then, a number of nations have outlawed the hunting of seals and other marine mammals. The landmark North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911 was the first international treaty specifically addressing wildlife conservation.[27] Today, commercial sealing is conducted by only five nations: Canada, Greenland, Namibia, Norway, and Russia. The United States, which had been heavily involved in the sealing industry, now maintains a complete ban on the commercial hunting of marine mammals, with the exception of indigenous peoples who are allowed to hunt a small number of seals each year.[28]
Equipment and method[edit]
In the Canadian commercial seal hunt, the majority of the hunters initiate the kill using a firearm. Ninety percent of sealers on the ice floes of the Front (east of Newfoundland), where the majority of the hunt occurs, use firearms.[29]
An older and more traditional method of killing seals is with a hakapik: a heavy wooden club with a hammer head and metal hook on the end. The hakapik is used because of its efficiency; the animal can be killed quickly without damage to its pelt. The hammer head is used to crush the seals' thin skulls, while the hook is used to move the carcasses. Canadian sealing regulations describe the dimensions of the clubs and the hakapiks, and caliber of the rifles and minimum bullet velocity, that can be used. They state: "Every person who strikes a seal with a club or hakapik shall strike the seal on the forehead until its skull has been crushed," and that "No person shall commence to skin or bleed a seal until the seal is dead," which occurs when it "has a glassy-eyed, staring appearance and exhibits no blinking reflex when its eye is touched while it is in a relaxed condition."[30] Reportedly, in one study, three out of eight times, the animal was not rendered either dead or unconscious by shooting, and the hunters would then kill the seal using a hakapik or other club of a type that is sanctioned by the governing authority.[31]
Modern sealing[edit]
Products made from seals[edit]
Seal skins have been used by aboriginal people for millennia to make waterproof jackets and boots, and seal fur to make fur coats. Pelts account for over half the processed value of a seal, selling at over C$100 each as of 2006.[32] According to Paul Christian Rieber, of GC Rieber AS, the difficult ice conditions and low quotas in 2006 resulted in less access to seal pelts, which caused the commodity price to be pushed up.[33] One high-end fashion designer, Donatella Versace, has begun to use seal pelts, while others, such as Calvin Klein, Stella McCartney, Tommy Hilfiger, and Ralph Lauren, refrain from using any kind of fur.[34][35]
Seal meat is an important source of food for residents of small coastal communities.[36] Meat is sold to the Asian pet food market; in 2004, only Taiwan and South Korea purchased seal meat from Canada.[37] The seal blubber is used to make seal oil, which is marketed as a fish oil supplement. In 2001, two percent of Canada's raw seal oil was processed and sold in Canadian health stores.[38] There has been virtually no market for seal organs since 1998.[36]
Sealing states[edit]
In 2005, three companies exported seal skin: Rieber in Norway, Atlantic Marine in Canada and Great Greenland in Greenland.[39] Their clients were earlier French fashion houses and fur makers in Europe, but today the fur is mainly exported to Russia and China.[39]
In Canada, the season for the commercial hunt of harp seal is from November 15 to May 15.[40] Most sealing occurs in late March in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and during the first or second week of April off Newfoundland, in an area known as the Front. This peak spring period is generally referred to as the "Canadian Seal Hunt".[2]
In 2003, the three-year harp seal quota granted by Fisheries and Oceans Canada was increased to a maximum of 975,000 animals per three years, with a maximum of 350,000 animals in any two consecutive years.[40] In 2006, 325,000 harp seals, as well as 10,000 hooded seals and 10,400 grey seals were killed. An additional 10,000 animals were allocated for hunting by aboriginal peoples. The current[when?] northwest Atlantic harp seal population is estimated at 5.6 million animals.[citation needed]
Although around 70 percent of Canadian seals killed are taken on the Front,[2] private monitors focus on the St. Lawrence hunt, because of its more convenient location.[41] The 2006 St. Lawrence leg of the hunt was officially closed on Apr. 3, 2006; sealers had already exceeded the quota by 1,000 animals.[42] On March 26, 2007, the Newfoundland and Labrador government launched a seal hunt website to counter "misinformation" spread by animal rights groups.[43]
Warm winters in the Gulf of St. Lawrence have led to thinner and more unstable ice there. In 2007, Canada's federal fisheries ministry reported that while the pups are born on the ice as usual, the ice floes have started to break up before the pups learn to swim, causing the pups to drown.[44] Canada reduced the 2007 quota by 20%, because overflights showed large numbers of seal pups were lost to thin and melting ice.[45] In southern Labrador and off Newfoundland's northeast coast, however, there was extra heavy ice in 2007, and the coast guard estimated as many as 100 vessels were trapped in ice simultaneously.[46][47]
The 2010 hunt was cut short because demand for seal pelts was down. Only one local pelt buyer, NuTan Furs, offered to purchase pelts; and it committed to purchase less than 15,000 pelts.[48] Pelt prices were about C$21/pelt in 2010, which is about twice the 2009 price and about 64% of the 2007 price. The reduced demand is attributable mainly to the 2009 ban on imports of seal products into the European Union.
The 2010 winter was unusually warm, with little ice forming in the Gulf of St. Lawrence in February and March, when harp seals give birth to their pups on ice floes. Around the Gulf, harp seals arrived in late winter to give birth on near-shore ice and even on beaches rather than on their usual whelping grounds: sturdy sea ice. Also, seal pups born elsewhere began floating to shore on small, shrinking pieces of ice. Many others stayed too far north, out of reach of all but the most determined hunters. Environment Canada, the weather forecasting agency, reported the ice was at the lowest level on record.[49]
The Fisheries Act established "Seal Protection Regulations" in the mid-1960s. The regulations were combined with other Canadian marine mammals regulations in 1993, to form the "Marine Mammal Regulations".[50][51][52] In addition to describing the use of the rifle and hakapik, the regulations state every person "who fishes for seals for personal or commercial use shall land the pelt or the carcass of the seal."[41] The commercial hunting of infant harp seals (whitecoats) and infant hooded seals (bluebacks) was banned in 1987 under pressure from animal rights groups. Now, seals may only be killed once they have started molting (from 12 to 15 days of age), as this coincides with the time when they are abandoned by their mothers.
Canada's biggest market for seal pelts is Norway.[53] Carino Limited is one of Newfoundland's largest seal pelt producers. Carino (CAnada–RIeber–NOrway) is marketing its seal pelts mainly through its parent company, GC Rieber Skinn, Bergen, Norway.[54] Canada sold pelts to eleven countries in 2004. The next largest were Germany, Greenland, and China/Hong Kong. Other importers were Finland, Denmark, France, Greece, South Korea, and Russia.[37] Asia remains the principal market for seal meat exports.[40] One of Canada's market access priorities for 2002 was to "continue to press Korean authorities to obtain the necessary approvals for the sale of seal meat for human consumption in Korea."[55] Canadian and Korean officials agreed in 2003 on specific Korean import requirements for seal meat.[55] For 2004, only Taiwan and South Korea purchased seal meat from Canada.[37]
Canadian seal product exports reached C$18 million in 2006. Of this, C$5.4 million went to the EU.[56] In 2009, the European Union banned all seal imports, shrinking the market.[57] Where pelts once sold for more than $100, they now fetch $8 to $15 each.[49]
Although the government of Greenland states that approximately 170,000 seals are killed in Greenland annually,[58] the Government of Canada estimates the kill to be 20,000 to 25,000.[59] In January 2006, the government of Greenland banned imports of Canadian seal skins, citing fears Canadian seals are brutally beaten to death. The boycott may be an effort to distance Greenland's own seal hunt from Canada's, and spare themselves negative press in the process.[60] The ban was rescinded in May 2006, with the Greenland Home Rule Government noting the seal hunt in Canada has sensible regulations on hunting methods, drawn up in close cooperation with biologists, veterinarians, weapons experts and seal hunters.[citation needed] It further noted seal-hunting in Canada is subject to strict and extensive control measures, to ensure the use of effective and humane killing methods.[citation needed]
In Greenland, seal hunting is conducted with rifles – the seals are shot in the head from a small open boat while they sit on an ice floe. The boat rushes up to the seal and hooks the carcass out of the water where it falls within a few seconds before it sinks. The economy of certain rural Greenlandic villages, such as Aappilattoq, are highly dependent upon such seal hunting.[61]
|Annual Quota
|Before 1990
|17,000 pups[62]
|30,000 pups[63]
|60,000 pups[63]
|60,000 pups, 7,000 bulls[63]
|80,000 pups, 6,000 bulls[64]
|80,000 pups, 6,000 bulls[64]
|23,000 seals[65]
|85,000 pups, 7,000 bulls[66]
|85,000 pups, 7,000 bulls[66]
Namibia is the only country in the Southern Hemisphere culling seals. Although the protection and the sustainable use of natural resources is part of Namibia's constitution, it claims to conduct the second largest seal harvest in the world,[63] mainly because of the huge amount of fish seals are estimated to consume. While a government-initiated study found seal colonies consume more fish than the entire fishing industry can catch,[64] animal protection society Seal Alert South Africa estimated less than 0.3% losses to commercial fisheries.[62]
Harvesting is done from July to November[62] on two places, Cape Cross and Atlas Bay, and in the past at Wolf Bay.[64] These two colonies together account for 75% of the cape fur seal population of the country.[63]
Cape Cross is a tourism resort and the largest cape fur colony in Namibia. The Department of Tourism has stated[67] that "Cape Cross Seal Reserve was established to protect the largest breeding colony of Cape fur seals in the world". In season, the resort is closed and sealed off during the culling in the early morning hours, journalists are not allowed to enter.[65] Namibia's SPCA is allowed to observe the culling from 2010 onwards.[66]
Namibia's Ministry of Fisheries announced a three-year rolling quota for the seal harvest, although different quotas per year are sometimes reported.[64][65] The latest[update] quota announced was in 2009, valid until 2011.[66] The quotas are usually not filled by the concession holders.[62]
In 2009, an unusual bid to end seal culling in Namibia was attempted when Seal Alert tried to raise money to purchase the only buyer of Namibian seals, Australian-based Hatem Yavuz, lock, stock, and barrel for US$14.2 million.[65] The project did not materialise. The Government of Namibia, on the other hand, offered the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) an opportunity to buy out the two sealers in Namibia to finally end the culling. The offer was rejected.[63]
In 2011, South African activists launched a boycott of Namibian tourism and Namibian products[68] in response to the cull.
The Norwegian sealing season runs from January to September. The hunt involves "seal catching" by seagoing sealing boats on the Arctic ice shelf, and "seal hunting" on the coast and islands of mainland Norway. The latter is carried out by small groups of licenced hunters shooting seals from land and using small boats to retrieve the catch.
In 2005, Norway allowed foreign nationals to take part in the hunt.[79] In 2006, 17,037 seals (including 13,390 harp and 3,647 hooded seals) were harvested.[69] In 2007, the Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs stated up to 13.5 million Norwegian krone (about US$2.6 million) would be given in funding to vessels in the 2007 Norwegian seal hunt.[80]
All Norwegian sealing vessels are required to carry a qualified veterinary inspector on board.[81] Norwegian sealers are required to pass a shooting test each year before the season starts, using the same weapon and ammunition as they would on the ice. Likewise, they have to pass a hakapik test.[82]
Adult seals more than one year old must be shot in the head with expanding bullets, and cannot be clubbed to death. The hakapik shall be used to ensure the animal is dead. This is done by crushing the skull of the shot adult seal with the short end of the hakapik, before the long spike is thrust deep into the animal's brain. The seal is then bled by making an incision from its jaw to the end of its sternum. The killing and bleeding must be done on the ice, and live animals may never be brought on board the ship. Young seals may be killed using just the hakapik, but only in the aforementioned manner, i.e., they need not be shot.[82]
Seals in the water and seals with young may not be killed, and the use of traps, artificial lighting, airplanes, or helicopters is forbidden.[82]
The hakapik may only be used by certified seal-catchers (fangstmenn) operating in the pack ice of the Arctic Ocean and not by coastal seal hunters. All coastal seal hunters must be pre-approved by the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries and have to pass a large game hunting test.[83]
In 2007, the European Food Safety Agency confirmed the animals are put to death faster and more humanely in the Norwegian sealing than in large game hunting on land.[81]
In Norway in 2004, only Rieber worked with sealskin and seal oil.[84] In 2001, the biggest producer of raw seal oil was Canada (two percent of the raw oil was processed and sold in Canadian health stores).[38] Rieber had the majority of all distribution of raw seal oil in the world market, but there was no demand for seal oil.[38] From 1995 to 2005, Rieber annually received between 2 and 3 million Norwegian krone in subsidy.[85] A 2003–2004 parliamentary report says CG Rieber Skinn is the only company in the world that delivers skin from bluebacks.[86] Most of the skins processed by Rieber have been imported from abroad, mainly from Canada. Only a small portion is from the Norwegian hunt. Of the processed skin, five percent is sold in Norway; the rest is exported to the Russian and Asian markets.[33]
Fortuna Oils AS (established in 2004) is a 100% owned subsidiary of GC Rieber.[87] They get the majority of their raw oil imported from Canada.[88] They also have access to raw oil from the Norwegian hunt.[88]
The Russian seal hunt has not been well monitored since the breakup of the Soviet Union.[89] The quota in 1998 was 35,000 animals.[90] Reportedly, many whitecoat pups are not properly killed and are transported, while injured, to processing areas. In January 2000, a bill to ban seal hunting was passed by the Russian parliament by 273 votes to 1, but was vetoed by President Vladimir Putin.[91]
On September 21, 2007 in Arkhangelsk, the Norwegian GC Rieber Skinn AS proposed a joint Russian–Norwegian seal hunting project. The campaign was carried out from one hunt boat supplied by GS Rieber Skinn AS in 2007, lasted two weeks, and brought in 40 000 roubles per Russian hunter. GS Rieber skinn AS declared a plan to order 20 boats and donate them to the Pomor.[92] CG Rieber Skinn AS, in 2007, established a daughter company in Arkhangelsk, called GC Rieber Skinn Pomor'e Lic. (GC Rieber Skinn Pomorje).
The Norwegian company Polardrift AS, in 2007, had plans to establish a company in Russia, and operate under Russian flag, in close cooperation with GC Rieber Skinn Pomor'e.
Plans for the 2008 season included both helicopter-based hunts, mainly to take whitecoats, and boat-based hunts, mainly targeting beaters.[93]
On March 18, 2009, Russia's Minister of Natural Resources and Ecology, Yuriy Trutnev, announced a complete ban on the hunting of harp seals younger than one year of age in the White Sea.[94]
Sealing debate[edit]
Canada has become the center of the sealing debate because of the comparatively large size of its hunt.
Cruelty to animals[edit]
According to a 2002 peer-reviewed study done by five Canadian veterinarians and funded by the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association (CVMA),[41] "the large majority of seals taken during this hunt (at best, 98% in work reported here) are killed in an acceptably humane manner." These veterinarians found, "During the 2001 season in the Gulf, three (1.9%) of 158 seals brought on board of the sealing vessels and directly observed by Daoust had not been killed, and in one (0.86%) of 116 interactions between seals and sealers observed on videotapes by Daoust and Crook, the seal also did not appear to have been killed before being hooked and brought on board." They thus concluded "This small proportion of animals that are not killed efficiently justifies continued attention to this industry's activities, preferably by members of the veterinary profession, who are best equipped to assess the humaneness of the killing methods."
In observing four videos taken during the 2001 seal hunt in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the authors of this report state, "A large proportion (87%) of the sealers recorded on the four videotapes failed to palpate the skull or check the corneal reflex before proceeding to hook or bleed the seal or go to another seal."
The Royal Commission on Seals and the Sealing Industry in Canada, also known as the Malouf Commission, concluded in a 1986 report, "Judged by the criteria of rapidity of unconsciousness and particularly the absence of preslaughter stress, the clubbing of seal pups is, when properly performed, at least as humane as, and often more humane than, the killing methods used in commercial slaughterhouses, which are accepted by a majority of the public."[95]
According to the (DFO), "The Marine Mammal Regulations stipulate that seals must be harvested quickly using only high-powered rifles, shotguns firing slugs, clubs or hakapiks.[2]
However, the International Fund for Animal Welfare[96] conducted a study that disputed these findings. This report concludes the Canadian commercial seal hunt results in considerable and unacceptable suffering.
The veterinarians examined 76 seal carcasses and found that in 17% of the cases, there were no detectable lesions of the skull, leading them to conclude the clubbing likely did not result in loss of consciousness. In 25% of the remaining cases, the carcasses had minimal to moderate skull fractures, indicative of a "decreased level of consciousness", but probably not unconsciousness. The remaining 58% of the carcasses examined showed extensive skull fractures.
This veterinary study included examination of video footage of 179 seals hunted in 1998, 1999, and 2000. In these videos, 96 seals were shot, 56 were shot and then clubbed or gaffed, 19 were clubbed or gaffed, and 8 were killed by unknown means. In 79% of these cases, sealers did not check the corneal reflex to ensure that the seals were dead prior to hooking or skinning them. In only 6% of these cases, seals were bled immediately, where struck. The average time from initial strike to bleeding was 66 seconds.
In 2005, IFAW published a comparison of the CVMA-funded study and its own study.[97] In this critique, David M. Lavigne, Science Advisor to IFAW, writes, "The Burdon et al. evidence cited above addresses the question of whether seals were likely conscious or unconscious at the time they were skinned, using post-mortem examination of skulls. In marked contrast, the figure cited from Daoust et al.'s report represents the number of seals clubbed or shot that were brought on board sealing vessels while still conscious. That number ignores any and all animal suffering that occurs between the time animals are clubbed or shot until they eventually reach a sealing vessel, usually on the end of a hook or gaff." Another difference between these reports is "Daoust et al.'s direct observations were made under very different conditions than those provided by Burdon et al. Unlike Burdon et al.'s observations, they were made directly from sealing vessels so that the sealers were unavoidably aware that observers were present. As Daoust et al. (p 692) admit, the presence of an observer on a sealing vessel "may have incited sealers to hit the seals skulls more vigorously". Of course, the presence of an observer also has the potential to modify other sealing practices, including checking for a corneal reflex and bleeding animals immediately after clubbing."
In 2005, the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) commissioned the Independent Veterinarians Working Group Report. With reference to video evidence, the report states: "Perception of the seal hunt seems to be based largely on emotion, and on visual images that are often difficult even for experienced observers to interpret with certainty. While a hakapik strike on the skull of a seal appears brutal, it is humane if it achieves rapid, irreversible loss of consciousness leading to death."[98]
Ecological feasibility[edit]
In 2007, the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans conducted a population survey. The resulting estimate of the harp seal population was 5.5 million (95% CI 3.8 million to 7.1 million).[citation needed] In 2004, the population estimate was similar: 5.9 million (95% CI 4.6 million to 7.2 million).[99]
Prior to the arrival of European settlers, a much larger population of harp seals migrated to the waters off Newfoundland and Labrador. Settlers began exploiting the population, with kills peaking in the middle of the 1800s. In the first half of the 1840s, 546,000 seals were killed annually. This led to a population decline that adversely affected the industry.[13]
In the 1950s and 1960s an average of over 291,000 seal pups were killed each year. This led to a population decline to less than 2 million seals. Conservationists became alarmed and demanded controls on kill rates. Thus in 1971, Canada instituted a quota system. In the years from 1971 to 1982, an average of 165,627 seals were killed.
In 1983, the European Union banned the import of whitecoat harp seal pup pelts (pelts from pups less than about two weeks of age, when the pups molt). As a result, the market for pelts dropped. The kill rates thus declined in subsequent years to an average of about 52,000 seals from 1983 to 1995. During this time, the harp seal population increased.
After the European Union's ban on whitecoat pelt imports, the Canadian government and sealing industry developed markets for the pelts of beaters. In 1996, the kill rates again increased to over 200,000 each year, except in the year 2000. In 2002 and 2004 to 2006, over 300,000 seal pups were killed each year.
As a result of population concerns, Norway's seal hunt is now controlled by quotas based on recommendations from International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES),[100] However, sealing in Norway has declined in recent years, and the quotas have not been reached.[101]
In addition to hunting pressures on the population of harp seals, as ice seals that are dependent on solid sea ice for whelping, the harp seal population is affected by global climate change. The lack of sea ice in recent years has resulted in the drowning deaths of tens of thousands of newborn harp seal pups.[102]
Objections to fur[edit]
Animal welfare advocates and organizations, such as PETA, object to the use of real fur when many synthetic "faux fur" alternatives are available.
Economic impact[edit]
According to Canadian authorities, the value of the 2004 seal harvest was C$16.5 million, which significantly contributes to seal manufacturing companies, and for several thousand fishermen and First Nations peoples. For some sealers, they claim, proceeds from the hunt make up a third of their annual income. Critics, however, say this represents only a tiny fraction of the C$600-million Newfoundland fishing industry. Sealing opponents also say $16.5 million is insignificant, compared to the funding required to regulate and subsidize the hunt. For 1995 and 1996, there are confirmed reports Fisheries and Oceans Canada encouraged maximum utilization of harvested seals through a $0.20 per pound meat subsidy.[103] The level of subsidy totaled $650,000 in 1997, $440,000 in 1998 and $250,000 in 1999. There were no meat subsidies in 2000.[40] Some critics, such as the McCartneys (see below), have suggested promoting that area as an ecotourism site would be far more lucrative than the annual harvest.[104]
As a culling method[edit]
In March 2005, Greenpeace asked the DFO to "dispel the myth that seals are hampering the recovery of cod stocks." In doing so, they implied the seal hunt is, at least in part, a cull designed to increase cod stocks. Cod fishing has traditionally been a key part of the Atlantic fishery, and an important part of the economy of Newfoundland and Labrador. Fisheries and Oceans Canada responded there is no connection between the annual seal harvest and the cod fishery, and that the seal hunt is "established on sound conservation principles."[105]
Many animal protection groups encourage people to petition against the harvest. Respect for Animals and Humane Society International believe the hunt will be ended only by the financial pressure of a boycott of Canadian seafood. In 2005, the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) called for such a boycott in the United States.[106]
Protesters frequently use images of whitecoats, despite Canada's ban on the commercial hunting of suckling pups. The HSUS explains this by saying images of the legally hunted ragged jackets are nearly indistinguishable from those of whitecoats. Also, they state, according to official DFO kill reports, 97% percent of the estimated million harp seals killed in the last four years have been under three months old, and the majority of these are less than one month old.[107][108]
On March 26, 2006, seven antisealing activists were arrested in the Gulf of St. Lawrence for violating the terms of their observer permits. By law, observers must maintain a ten-meter distance between themselves and the sealers.[109] Five of the protesters were later acquitted.[110] In the same month, as part of a counterprotest, Newfoundland and Labrador Premier Danny Williams encouraged people in the province to boycott Costco after the retailer decided to stop carrying seal oil capsules.[111] Costco stated politics played no role in their decision to remove the capsules, and on April 4 that year, they were again being sold in Costco stores.[112]
In 2009, the European Union passed a law banning the promotion of imported seal products. The law was approved by the Council of the European Union without debate on July 27, 2009.[113] Denmark, Romania, and Austria abstained.[114] The Canadian government responded to the move by stating that it will take the European Union to the World Trade Organization if the ban does not exempt Canada.[115] Canadian Inuits from Nunavut territory have opposed the ban and lobbied European Parliament members against it.[116] Canadian seal hunting issues had been spotlighted in the months leading up to the 2010 Winter Olympics which were held in Vancouver.[117]
Celebrity involvement[edit]
Numerous celebrities have opposed the commercial seal hunt. Rex Murphy has reported celebrities have aided antihunt activists since the mid-20th century; Yvette Mimieux and Loretta Swit were recruited to attract the attention of international gossip magazines.[118] Other celebrities who have aligned themselves against the hunt include Richard Dean Anderson, Kim Basinger, Juliette Binoche,[119] Sir Paul McCartney, Heather Mills, Pamela Anderson, Martin Sheen, Pierce Brosnan, Morrissey, Paris Hilton, Robert Kennedy, Jr.,[120] Rutger Hauer,[121] Brigitte Bardot, Ed Begley, Jr., Farley Mowat, Linda Blair, and the Red Hot Chili Peppers,[122]
In March 2006, Brigitte Bardot traveled to Ottawa to protest the hunt, though the prime minister turned down her request for a meeting. During the same month, Paul and Heather Mills McCartney toured the Gulf of St. Lawrence's sealing grounds, and spoke out against the seal hunt, including as guests on Larry King Live, where the two debated with Danny Williams, the Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador.
In 1978, marine ecologist Jacques Cousteau criticized the focus on the seal hunt, arguing it is entirely emotional: "We have to be logical. We have to aim our activity first to the endangered species. Those who are moved by the plight of the harp seal could also be moved by the plight of the pig – the way they are slaughtered is horrible."[123]
- Kipling's The White Seal, part of The Jungle Book, describes seal hunting from the seals' point of view, with the central character being a white seal seeking for his seals a safe haven from hunters.
- Jack London's novel The Sea Wolf takes place aboard "the schooner Ghost, bound seal-hunting for Japan" circa 1893.
- ^ "Seal hunt set to resume off Newfoundland's coast". CTV News. 2006-04-12.[dead link]
- ^ a b c d "Frequently Asked Questions About Canada's Seal Harvest". Fisheries and Oceans Canada. 2011-03-17. Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2011-07-23.
- ^ Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat (March 2010). "Current Status of Northwest Atlantic Harp Seals, Pagophilus groenlandicus". Science Advisory Report (Fisheries and Oceans Canada).
- ^ Fink, Sheryl. Canada's Commercial Sea Slaughter 2009. International Fund for Animal Welfare.
- ^ "Myths and Facts: The Truth about Canada's Commercial Seal Hunt". Human Society International: Canada. 2011-02-04. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
- ^ Brown, DeNeen L. (2004-04-18). "Activists Decry Growth Of Canadian Seal Hunt". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
- ^ Lariviere], Serge (2008). "harp seal (mammal): The sealing industry". Encyclopaedia Britannica.
- ^ a b George Archibald Clark (1920). "Seals and Sealing". In Rines, George Edwin. Encyclopedia Americana.
- ^ Brunborg, Linn Anne; Julshamn, Kare; Nortvedt, Ragnar; Frøyland, Livar (2006). "Nutritional composition of blubber and meat of hooded seal and harp seal". Food Chemistry 96 (4): 524–531. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.03.005. Retrieved 2011-03-03.
- ^ "Euro MPs call for ban on seal products". EUbusiness. 2006-09-07. Archived from the original on 2008-04-16. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
- ^ Vlessides, Mike. "Marine Mammals". Nunavut Handbook. cited in "Eskimo Art, Inuit Art, Canadian Native Artwork, Canadian Aboriginal Artwork". ABoriginArt Inc. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
- ^ a b c "History of World Fur Sealing". Information Hut. Archived from the original on 2006-08-25.
- ^ a b Hiller, J.K. (2001). "The Sailing Seal Fishery: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage". Society, Economy and Culture. Memorial University of Newfoundland. Retrieved 2011-07-23.
- ^ "Atlantic Canada Seal Hunt – Sealing through the years". Canadian Geographic Magazine (Canadian Geographic Enterprises). January–February 2000. Retrieved 2011-07-23.
- ^ Higgins, Jenny (2007). "1914 Sealing Disaster". Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage. Memorial University of Newfoundland. Retrieved 2011-03-03.
- ^ Muir, Diana, Reflections in Bullough's Pond, University Press of New England, 2001
- ^ a b Entwisle, Peter (1998). Behold the Moon: The European Occupation of the Dunedin District 1770–1848. Dunedin, NZ: Port Daniel Press. pp. 10–11, 13–15. ISBN 9780473055912.
- ^ a b McNab, Robert (1907). Murihiku. Invercargill, NZ. pp. 70–71, 78–79.
- ^ Entwisle pp. 13–15
- ^ Entwisle pp. 13–16
- ^ Kerr, Ian S. (1976). Campbell Island: a history. Wellington, NZ: Reed. ISBN 9780589009595.[page needed]
- ^ Cumpston, John Stanley (1968). Macquarie Island. Canberra, Australia: Antarctic Division, Department of External Affairs.[page needed]
- ^ Cumpston, J.S. (1970). Kangaroo Island, 1800–1836. Canberra: Roebuck Society.
- ^ Fanning, Edmund (1833). Voyages Round the World. New York,: Collins and Hannay.
- ^ Hainsworth, D.R. (1971). The Sydney Traders, Simeon Lord and his Contemporaries 1788–1821. Melbourne: Cassell Australia.
- ^ Steven, Margaret (1965). Merchant Campbell 1769–1846 a Study in the Colonial Trade. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
- ^ "North Pacific Fur Seal Treaty of 1911". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
- ^ "Joe, What You Say Just Ain't So". Sea Shepherd. Retrieved 2011-07-24.
- ^ "Animal Welfare in Canada". Seals and Sealing Network. Retrieved 2011-07-24.
- ^ "Marine Mammal Regulations, SOR/93-56". Canadian Legal Information Institue. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
- ^ "Animal Welfare aspects of the killing and skinning of seals – Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Animal Health and Welfare". EFSA Journal (European Food Safety Authority). 2007-12-19. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2007.610. Retrieved 2010-08-20. PDF file
- ^ "Seal pelts fetch record prices". CBC News. 2006-04-19. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
- ^ a b "Kjøligere for Rieber Skinn". Bergens Tidende (in Norwegian). 2007-09-12.
- ^ "Companies That Sell Seal Products". Save Canadian Seals. World Society for the Protection of Animal. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28.
- ^ "(Fur)shion show without clothes". IOL News. Independent Online. 2007-10-02. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
- ^ a b "Canadian Seal Hunt Attacked by PETA". The Port City Post. 2009-06-11. Retrieved 2011-07-24.[dead link]
- ^ a b c "Seal Hunt Facts". Sea Shepherd. Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. Retrieved 2011-07-24.
- ^ a b c "5 Forslag til tiltak" (in Norwegian). Government of Norway. March 2001.
- ^ a b "Sel skinn selger igjen". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). 2005-05-02. Retrieved 2008-05-06.
- ^ a b c d "Seals and Sealing in Canada". Fisheries and Aquaculture Management Canada. Archived from the original on 2008-06-20.
- ^ a b c Daoust, Pierre-Yves; Crook, Alice; Bollinger, Trent K.; Campbell, Keith G.; Wong, James (2002). "Animal welfare and the harp seal hunt in Atlantic Canada". Canadian Veterinary Journal (Canadian Veterinary Medical Association) 43 (9): 687–694. PMC 339547. PMID 12240525.
- ^ "Seal hunt haul 1,000 over quota". CBC News. 2006-04-03. Retrieved 2011-07-24.
- ^ "Newfoundland government launches seal hunt website". Wikinews. March 26, 2007.
- ^ "Seal hunt might be on ice due to lack of it". MSNBC. 2007-03-27. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
- ^ Struck, Doug (2007-04-04). "Warming Thins Herd for Canada's Seal Hunt". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
- ^ "Heavy ice keeps dozens of vessels from seal hunt". CBC News. 2007-04-13. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
- ^ Associated Press (2009-03-29). "Canadian seal hunters could remain trapped by ice for a week: coast guard". International Herald Tribune. Archived from the original on 2007-09-10. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
- ^ Comte, Michel (2010-04-15). "Canada's seal hunt to close early after low harvest". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2010-05-02.
- ^ a b Austen, Ian (2010-04-01). "Despite Few Hunters, Seal Pups Face Threats". The New York Times.
- ^ "Seal Industry". Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. Archived from the original on 2009-03-27.
- ^ "Improvements to Seal Hunt Management Measures". Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Archived from the original on 2008-06-19.
- ^ Ronald, K.; Lavigne, D.M. (1967-07-24). "Sealing". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2011-07-24.
- ^ "EU politicians push to ban Canadian seal product imports". CBC News. 2006-09-06. Retrieved 2007-10-24.
- ^ "Secondary Processing of Seal Skins". Fisheries Diversification Program 248. 2002. Retrieved 2011-08-24.
- ^ a b "Opening Doors to the World". Canada's International Market Access Priorities – 2002 (Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade). Archived from the original on 2006-11-14.
- ^ "The Institute for European Studies". University of British Columbia. 2008-08-29. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
- ^ European Parliament (2009-11-09). "MEPs adopt strict conditions for the placing on the market of seal products in the European Union". Hearings. Retrieved 2010-03-12.
- ^ "Resources and Industry". Government of Greenland. Retrieved 2012-04-30.
- ^ "The Harp Seal". Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada.[dead link]
- ^ "Greenland bans Canadian sealskins". United Press International. 2011-02-27. Archived from the original on 2008-05-16. Retrieved 2011-03-03.
- ^ O'Carroll, Etain (2005). Greenland & the Arctic (2nd ed.). Footscray, Victoria: Lonely Planet. ISBN 9781740590952.
- ^ a b c d "Time for Namibia to see the tourism value of seals". The Namibian. 2010-06-17.
- ^ a b c d e f Robberts, Elma (2006-06-05). "Seal culling season sparks new protests". The Namibian.
- ^ a b c d e Weidlich, Brigitte (2007-06-28). "Seal quota down for this season". The Namibian.
- ^ a b c d Weidlich, Brigitte (2009-06-30). "Million-dollar bid to end seal clubbing". The Namibian.
- ^ a b c d Weidlich, Brigitte (2010-06-10). "Seal activists ready to prevent 2010 culling". The Namibian.
- ^ "Cape Cross National Park".
- ^ "The Boycott". The Seals of Nam.[self-published source?]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "374 Selfangst" (in Norwegian). Statistisk Sentralbyrå. 2007.
- ^ "Strategier og tiltak for å utvikle lønnsomheten i norsk selnæring]" (in Norwegian). Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs. March 2001.
- ^ "Norge må starte storstilt selfangst". Dagbladet (in Norwegian). 2004-04-17.
- ^ "Forskrift om regulering av fangst av sel i Vesterisen og østisen i 2004" (in Norwegian). Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs.
- ^ "Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs" (in Norwegian). 2005-01-13.[dead link]
- ^ "Forskrift om endring av forskrift om regulering av fangst av sel i Vesterisen og Østisen i 2006" (in Norwegian). Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs. 2006-03-13. Archived from the original on 2008-04-17.
- ^ "Selfangst – statsfinansiert dyrplageri". Norge IDAG (in Norwegian). 2007-04-16.
- ^ a b "Fryktar selinvasjon på kysten" (in Norwegian). NRK. 2008-03-06.
- ^ "Tre av fire blir hjemme" (in Norwegian). NRK. 2009-03-10.
- ^ a b "Fangst av sel i Vesterisen og Østisen" (in Norwegian).
- ^ "Fact sheet on Norwegian coastal seals". Fiskeri- og kystdepartementet. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
- ^ "Selfangsten i 2007" (in Norwegian). Government of Norway. 2007-02-27.
- ^ a b By the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2009-04-03). "Norwegian Sealing". Norwegian Embassy in the United States. Archived from the original on 2008-03-19. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
- ^ a b c "Forskrift om utøvelse av selfangst i Vesterisen og Østisen" (in Norwegian). Lovdata. 2003-02-11. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
- ^ "For 1996-05-06 nr 414: Forskrift om forvaltning av sel på norskekysten". Lovdata. Retrieved 2009-05-07.[dead link]
- ^ Norwegian (February 2004). Utviklingsplan for selspekk. Fiskeri- og havbruksnæringens forskningsfond (FHF).[dead link]
- ^ "Norge betaler for kanadisk seljakt" (in Norwegian). Verdens Gang. 2005-03-30.
- ^ "St.meld. nr. 27 (2003–2004) – Norsk sjøpattedyrpolitikk" (in Norwegian). Government of Norway. 2003–2004.
- ^ "Fortuna Oils AS increases its ownership in OliVita AS". Olivita AS. 2006-04-26. Archived from the original on 2008-04-16.
- ^ a b [1][dead link] Fortuna Oils
- ^ "SCS: Caspian Seal (Phoca caspica)". Archived from the original on 2008-05-09. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
- ^ "Sealing in the Western Ice Fields: No Russian Vessels This Year Either". High North Alliance. Archived from the original on 2011-06-21. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
- ^ "Harp Seal, Pagophilus groenlandicus at". Marinebio. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
- ^ Istomina, Ludmila. "Rieber Skinn AS has proposed to the Pomors". The Norwegian Barents Secretariat. Retrieved 2008-03-04.
- ^ "Report of the Working Group on Seals". The 36th Session of the Joint Norwegian – Russian Fisheries Commission, St Petersburg, Russia, 22–26 October 2007 (Government of Norway). Retrieved 2008-03-04.
- ^ Sulzberger, A. G. (March 18, 2009). "Russia to Ban Hunting of Baby Seals". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 27, 2013.
- ^ Royal Commission on Seals and the Sealing Industry in Canada. 1986.
- ^ Burdon, Rosemary L.; Gripper, John; Longair, J. Alan; Robinson, Ian; Ruehlmann, Debbie (March 2001). Canadian Commercial Seal Hunt Prince Edward Island. International Fund for Animal Welfar.
- ^ "Canada's Commercial Seal Hunt is Not "Acceptably Humane"". January 2005.
- ^ Independent Veterinarians Working Group Report (August 2005). "Improving Humane Practice in the Canadian Harp Seal Hunt" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-07-24.
- ^ "Stock Assessment of Northwest Atlantic Harp Seals" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-03-03.
- ^ "Sealing in the southeast part of the Barents Sea and at Jan Mayen in the Greenland Sea". The Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs. 2009-06-24. Archived from the original on 2009-10-01.
- ^ "Seal hunt may be dying out". Views and News from Norway. 2010-05-20. Retrieved 2011-07-23.
- ^ MacKenzie, Debora (2007-03-28). "Lack of sea ice devastates seal populations". New Scientist. Reed Business Information Ltd. Retrieved 2011-07-23.
- ^ "Tobin announces 1996 Atlantic Seal Management Plan". Fisheries and Oceans Canada. 1995-12-18. Archived from the original on 2008-04-17. Retrieved 2008-02-24.
- ^ "BBC". BBC News. 2006-03-03. Retrieved 2010-01-04.
- ^ "Canadian Seal Hunt: Myths and Reality". Fisheries and Aquaculture Management. Archived from the original on 2009-02-23.
- ^ "Canadian Seafood Boycott Ends Year With Growing Momentum". UnderwaterTimes News Service. 2005-12-30. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
- ^ "The Truth about the Canadian Seal Hunt: A Response to the Canadian Department of Fisheries". The Humane Society of the United States. Archived from the original on 2010-04-19. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
- ^ "Canada Should Follow Russia's Lead; Ban Commercial Seal Slaughter". Humane SOciety International. 2009-03-19. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
- ^ "Protesters arrested as tempers flare in seal hunt". Cbc.ca. 2006-03-27. Retrieved 2011-07-24.
- ^ The Canadian Press (2008-10-17). "5 anti-sealing activists found not guilty". Cbc.ca. Retrieved 2011-07-24.
- ^ "Williams takes aim at Costco over seal-oil fuss". CBC News. 2006-03-31. Retrieved 2011-07-24.
- ^ "The customer is right: Costco restocks seal oil capsules". CBC News. Archived from the original on 2006-04-10.
- ^ "Canada to fight EU seal product ban". CBC News. 2009-07-27.
- ^ "European Union Bans Marketing of Seal Products". Environment News Service. Retrieved 2011-07-24.
- ^ Associated Press (2990-05-05). "EU takes aim at Canada, bans seal products". [dead link]
- ^ "EU ban looms over seal products". BBC. 2009-05-05. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
- ^ "2010 Olympics & Seal Hunting". GreenMuze. 2009-02-20.
- ^ Murphy, Rex (2010-08-21). "A winning streak for international ignorance". National Post. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
- ^ "IOL: Anderson adds her voice to chorus of protests". Independent Online. Archived from the original on 2007-10-31. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
- ^ "McCartneys won't be charged". National Post. 2006-03-04. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
- ^ "Sea Shepherd and Seal Defenders Take to the Streets". World-Wire. 2006-03-13. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
- ^ "Press Releases & Media Attention about the Canadian Harp seal kill-". Seal Hunt in the Media. Archived from the original on 2008-04-16.
- ^ Wenzel, George W. (1991). Animal Rights, Human Right. University of Toronto Press. p. 47. ISBN 9780802068903.
External links[edit]
|This section's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. (March 2013)
|Wikinews has related news: Canadian annual seal hunt begins amid controversy
Views supporting seal hunt[edit]
- Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans
- Canadian Sealers Association
- Defence by Editor of The Spectator
- Michael Harris, Ottawa Sun
- The Environmentalist's case for the Seal Hunt
- TheSealFishery.com
- My Ancestors Were Rogues and Murderors, 2005 pro-seal hunt National Film Board of Canada documentary
Views opposing seal hunt[edit]
- Anti-Sealing Skybanner Campaign
- Atlantic Canadian Anti-Sealing Coalition
- Do Something!
- HarpSeals.org
- Help Stop the Seal Hunt-Help Promote Policy with Oceana.org
- HSUS Protect Seals Campaign
- Respect for Animals Boycott Canada Campaign
- Scandinavian Anti-Sealing Coalition
- Sea Shepherd Conservation Society
- Canadian Seal Hunt History website is part of the International Marine Mammal Association, inc. (IMMA)
- CBC Digital Archives – Pelts, Pups and Protest: The Atlantic Seal Hunt
- History of World Fur Sealing (originally from Fahan School, Australia?)
- Seal Hunt FAQ, CBC
- Sourced Facts, news articles and opinion pieces on the Seal Hunt.
- The Seal Hunter – A seal hunting simulation game
- Transcript of a Larry King Interview with The McCartneys and Newfoundland Premier Danny Williams
News articles[edit]
- "Canada seal cull gets underway", BBC News.
- Canadian Press, "Seal hunt supporters in Quebec and Labrador confront animal-rights protesters", Ottawa Citizen
- "Cute, cuddly, edible: Defending Canada's seal hunters", The Economist, 2 June 2008
- Paul McCartney urges the Canadian Prime Minister to stop the seal hunt, SpicyEdition
- "The shame of seal hunting", American Chronicle
- Seal Sorrow: 90,000 Seals To Be Clubbed To Death, The Huffington Post


text:
Maxpedition Gleneagle Large Messenger Bag
Product Family #: 2488219157
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The Maxpedition Gleneagle Large Messenger Bag is a combat ready tactical messenger bag. This bag was designed in collaboration with EGL and is enhanced for concealed carry as well as internal modularization.
Technical Information: Maxpedition Gleneagle Large Messenger Bag
Main: 19"L x 4-1/2"W x 12"H, fully lined with loop
Frontal pockets (2): 9"L x 2"W x 9"H
Sheath pockets (2): 1-1/2"L x 1"W x 7-1/2"H
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Max. shoulder strap length: 62"
Max. waist belt circumference: 62"
Zipper on lid allows access to main comp. without lifting flap
Adjustable 2" quick release shoulder strap
Adjustable and removable 1" waist belt
External 6"L x 4"W loop field for attaching ID patches
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1000-Denier water and abrasion resistant light-weight ballistic nylon fabric
DuPont Teflon fabric protector for grime resistance and easy maintenance
YKK high strength zippers and zipper tracks
UTX-Duraflex nylon buckles for low sound closures
Triple polyurethane coated for water resistance
High tensile strength nylon webbing
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MAXPEDITION's nylon fabric is treated with Dupont Teflon for superb water and grime resistance
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Technical Information: Maxpedition Gleneagle Large Messenger Bag
Product Materials
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Mon, Apr 28 4:30pm + 1hr after event
293 people recommend parking here 195 left comments
Parking location was very good and an easy walk to the stadium Only issue was the parking attendant was not on location, so we just parked and left a note about our ParkWhiz pass.
The parking was fine. The only complaint is that when I got there there was no one to take my ticket. Called the number on the ticket and they said that that the time on the ticket was wrong on when you could park there. It worked out fine. Just placed my ticket on my dash and my car was still there when I returned. :)
Easy access! A little hike to the stadium but not bad. Was able to leave immediately out of the parking lot.
Good price. The three-quarter mile walk was not too bad.
Excellent spot. Will be back.
Convenient, easy walk to stadium; just as importantly, easy out of the lot to the highway. App on the phone worked great. Recommend
No Tailgating allowed.
We are a business office park with available parking for Cowboys Stadium and Rangers Ballpark events.
We have two entrances. One on Randol Mill Rd
where Subway is located. Second is on Chapman Cutoff. After the game we have seven exit points which makes for quick easy exit.
This location is a business.
Nearby destinations: Globe Life Park in Arlington.
We are located at 2000 E. Randol Mill Rd, just east of Rangers Lot C.
Follow these directions to avoid blocked streets.
From I-30 take the 360 south exit, this turns into Road to Six Flags. Go straight on Road to Six Flags to Randol Mill Rd. Turn right on Randol Mill Road, we are approx. 1/2 mile west. Turn in at Subway.
From Hwy 360, take Randol Mill exit. Go west for approx. 1 mile. Turn in at Subway
From Division, turn east on Staduim Dr (turns into Ballpark Way), turn right on Chapman Cutoff. Look for entrance signs.
Please be aware that the City of Arlington & Texas Rangers block streets around the stadium. Please plan your route ahead of time to avoid blocked streets.


text:
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Calling a Crisis Centre is the right thing to do if you are in crisis, or if you need support for someone you know. Trained professionals are available 24 hours a day.
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text:
Main Content
Order today, receive no later than
Order today, receive no later than
Tuesday, April 29th
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Sink your teeth into sick Lost style with the Venom backpack featuring an all-over tonal lettering and checkerboard pattern and a fierce embroidered logo on the front organizer pocket!
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Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


text: We have hundreds of young black men, black boys, being locked up, for simple possession of a couple bags of marijuana. We don't want to be proud of the wrong kind of thing here. We need to stop that kind of injustice from happening.D.C. City Council member Marion Barry • Discussing the city's renewed push to decriminalize possession of small amounts of marijuana, something driven largely in part by the high disparity of arrests between black and white D.C. residents. In 2010, blacks were eight times more likely to be arrested as whites, according to the American Civil Liberties Union.


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From exclusive board meetings, to product launches or corporate-wide celebrations, The Ritz-Carlton, Doha ensures every meeting is thoughtfully planned and memorable.
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The Ritz-Carlton, Doha is a Tier 1 property in The Ritz-Carlton Rewards.
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Blast from the Past: Halo 1 PC Patchedby Maarten Goldstein, Aug 07, 2008 5:37am PDT
A new patch for the PC version of Halo 1 is now available, removing the CD check five years after the game was first released. A patch for Halo: Custom Edition is available as well.
In addition to removing the CD check from the game, the 1.08 patch takes care of server-crashing security bugs. As of tomorrow, this patch is required to continue to play online.


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PadmaVonSamba wrote:This is basic Buddhist understanding of no-self.
"lifetimes" is only a convenience based on our immediate perceptions of things.
Actually the concept of a lifetime may be based on very in-depth study and not just immediate perceptions.
Relatively speaking, you can say, yes, it is born, it lives, it dies.
But in discussing materialist /non-materialist view at this level
the discussion has to move beyond relative appearances.
Actually if this discussion moved beyond the relative it would be over with.
Nagarjuna (Seventy Stanzas) points out that thoughts do not spontaneously arise out of nothing
but are always part of a continuation
Still rather relative...
and that if you take any point identified as the beginning or end of any sort of awareness
that point can be subdivided infinitely
so no point of start or finish of awareness can actually be found.
I hope Nagarjuna was never challenged to a footrace with a tortoise. That could have been embarrassing.
From this, it can be deduced that therefore
one has to stop regarding a lifetime as a specific thing that belongs to a specific being.
A lifetime is a collection of events, not totally separate, but
interconnected, none of which has a finite beginning or end.
So how does this relate to the apparent co-dependence of mind/matter?


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|Below is the list of links to Live Stats. The view link will only be available after the game start time.
|Search Criteria
|NOTE: Live Stats will appear in a new popup window. Please disable your popup blocker for this site in order to view the Live Stats.
Monday, April 21
M Golf at Day One
All Day
Tuesday, April 22
M Golf at Day Two
All Day
Monday, May 05
M Golf at TBA
All Day
Austin, TX
Monday, May 19
M Golf at TBA
All Day
Allendale, MI


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Show time
By admin
Mar 04, 2010 • 188 views • 2 comments
Cirque du Soleil's "Kooza" is now at the Del Mar Fairgrounds. The world-famous circus will be under the big top at the
fairgrounds through March 21. Visit www.cirquedusoleil.com for more information.
Filed Under: Featured • News • Rancho Santa Fe Featured • Rancho Santa Fe News • The Coast News
Comments (2)
The photos are awesome! Great shots!
Thanks promisenews!


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- 18 & over
- 2 Beverage Minimum Per Person
- Non-Refundable & Non-Transferable
Purchase Tickets
Share with your friends:
Performing Artists (Click on Artist for Reviews and Previews)
Show Details
- Ticket Price : $26.00 - $115.00
- Door Time: 11:30 PM
- Show Type : Comedy
18 & over
2 Beverage Minimum Per Person
Non-Refundable & Non-Transferable
Christian Finnegan is a stand up comedian. He appears frequently on the television and also writes things, for both money and for kicks.
Christian can currently be seen on the TBS sitcom "Are We There Yet?" but is perhaps best known as one of the original cast members of VH1's "Best Week Ever", where he offered keen insight into the workings of popular culture and the ubiquity of celebrity genitalia. "Chappelle's Show" fans will recognize him as 'Chad', the only white roommate in the infamous "Mad Real World" sketch. And pinko Communists know Christian from his regular appearances on MSNBC's "Countdown with Keith Olbermann".
Christian Finnegan is a fixture (some might say 'barnacle') on Comedy Central, having starred in countless network interstitials, the shows "Premium Blend" and "Tough Crowd with Colin Quinn" and in his own special, "Comedy Central Presents: Christian Finnegan". Christian was also the host of TV Land's "Game Time" and has appeared on "The Today Show" and "The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson".
Christian's first CD, "Two for Flinching", was released by Comedy Central Records in 2006 and his super-duper DVD extravaganza, "Au Contraire!" was released by Warner Bros. Records in 2009.
When he's not on tour, Christian Finnegan lives in New York City with his lovely wife Kambri, a Chihuahua, a parakeet and a useless rabbit. He spends his free time plotting society's downfall and googling the names of obscure hair metal bass players.
Brooklyn Native, Dwayne Perkins is a young vet in the Comedy game. With appearances on Late Night with Conan O'Brien, The Late Late Show, and Premium Blend, Dwayne has earned a spot in today's class of elite Stand-up Comics. Dwayne is a regular crowd pleaser in New York, Boston and Los Angeles. The recent culmination of Dwayne's talent and work has resulted in his very own Comedy Central Presents half hour special. The very well received special showcases Dwayne's unique way of looking at life and unparalleled ability to convey it in a hilarious manner. In many ways still a newbie himself, Dwayne is already inspiring newer comics. With his comedy well grounded and still growing, Dwayne now sets his sights on acting and writing. Look for Dwayne in the HBO movie The Gristle, but don't look away or you might miss him. Still, Dwayne offers a very memorable cameo as the lost "stereotype" in the bar scene. Catch Dwayne on The Learning Channel teaching a Seattle fireman a thing or two about comedy on the show Faking It. Dwayne's comedic instincts and acting skill shine through in the soon to be released independent film Target Audience 9.1. In a movie rich with talent, where Breakfast Club meets Night of the Last Comet, Dwayne offers much comic relief as the funny likeable geek. Lastly, don't Tivo out those commercials as you never know when Dwayne will pop up in an ad pushing products for The Man.
Tweet Feed
- Stop by and see @JonReep tonight thru Saturday! Tix at bit.ly/ROzqu9 16 h
- RT @ComedyJuiceNY: AMAZING nite @GothamComedy! THX @GaryGulman @chrisdcomedy @billdawes @AndrewSleighter @KateQFunny @GibranSaleem @maddogm… Apr 23
- RT @TheRebeccaCorry: TONIGHT @GothamComedy STAND UP FOR PITS! Susie Essman @morgan_murphy Janine Garofalo & more! TIX @ standupforpits.us … Apr 23
- NYC!! Tix still avail for @JimBreuer tonight & tomorrow, but not for long! bit.ly/1f3P75C Apr 18
- RT @TheRebeccaCorry: NYC! @morgan_murphy has been added to STAND UP FOR PITS line up @GothamComedy April 23rd! Get tix standupforpits.us ht… Apr 18


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April 2012
March 2012
Jennifer Lawrence and first impressions:
- Woody Harrelson:I was on my bus, and on my bus I have a yoga swing. Jennifer comes on, and she goes, 'Hi, Woody, I'm J—is that a sex swing?' Her first sentence to me.
- Josh Hutcherson:When I got cast, she called me up for one of those five-minute 'Excited to work with you, blah, blah, blah' things. The conversation started with her saying, 'Think about a catheter going in – ouch!' and then turns into a 45-minute rant about zombies and the apocalypse.
- Zoë Kravitz:I'd met her a few times, and she was like, 'You should come over and we'll hang out.' So I go over to her apartment, and she opens the door in a towel. She's like, 'Come in, sorry, you're early, I was about to shower.' And she drops her towel and gets in the shower, and starts shaving her legs, totally naked. She was like, 'Are we here yet? Is this OK?' And I was like, 'I guess we're there!'
ugh i called an hour early for my phone interview i feel like an idiot someone kill me


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Upcoming Webcast: Assistive Technology & Transition: Evaluation, Identification & Acquisition
April 6, 2009
2:00 - 2:45 p.m. Eastern Time
Opened Captioned
Cost: No Charge
Assistive Technology has become the greatest equalizer for people with disabilities in accessing pathways to community living, employment, post secondary education and more.
For students with disabilities and families it may not be clear who has responsibility for selecting, managing, and financing assistive technologies. Once a student leaves the confines of the protections of IDEA mandated services what happens to their Assistive Technology needs?
For some students, the only thing preventing successful transition is Assistive Technology.
Presenter, Dr. Joey Wallace is the Executive Director of the New Well Fund, an organization that provides low interest loans to individuals with disabilities in need of assistive technology. He has expert knowledge of policy and funding issues across the disability field. He provides training and technical assistance on assistive technology to organizations and individuals both locally and nationally.
For more information or to register visit


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You'll love these contemporary, versatile Verona Rush Seats... perfect on their own as decorative accents against a wall, or scooted up next to your bistro-style table!
The seat top is made with "rush" material, woven into a gorgeous and comfortable surface. Underneath, a beautiful three-step hand-finish process with rubbed edges creates a worn, fashionable design on the legs and base. Comes in your choice of black, white, or walnut.
State Color, as available in the Shopping Cart below. Order yours ONLINE today!
Please Note: This item is shipped directly from the factory. To see the expected shipping date, please add to your Shopping Cart. Sorry, no express shipping available. We are unable to ship factory direct items to Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico or APO or FPO addresses.
Carolina Cottage® 30" Verona Rush Seat Stool
You qualify for a free gift. It will be added to your cart automatically.
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Sweet Talk Tee
Turn an ordinary tee into the talk of the town with Tulip® Fashion Art products.
Designed by Cheryl Ball, courtesy of iLoveToCreate™, a Duncan Enterprises Company
Material List
- Tulip® Glitter Spray Paint™ Diamond
- Tulip® Fashion Glitter Bond™
- Tulip® Sticky Fabric Stencils™ Flying Hearts 4x8
- Tulip® Fashion Form™
- Aleene's® Jewel-It® Embellishing Glue™
- ¼" Acrylic Gems – (3) clear, (3) red
- Pink Chalk (sharpened)
- Scissors
- Iron
- Scratch Paper (cut to fit width of shirt)
- Stiff Brush
- Crayon
- Paper Towels
- Foil
Project Instructions
Wash shirt without softener to remove sizing. Dry in dryer then iron smooth.
Insert scratch paper inside shirt where lips will be. Fold shirt in half, pressing along fold for stiff crease then open shirt.
Cut out lip design from pattern sheet. Line up edge along fold on shirt then use chalk to lightly trace around pattern. Remove pattern.
Start flow of Deep Red 3D Fashion Paint on paper towel using an even pressure on bottle for a smooth line. Starting at upper lip next to fold, squeeze a continuous line of paint within pattern lines, applying paint in an up-and-down motion, following the contour of lips. To create inkblot effect, immediately fold shirt over to other side along fold line, lining up sides of shirt. Use fingertips to press over paint, making sure to work right up and over fold. Open shirt to reveal design.
Immediately sprinkle Red Glitter over wet paint. Carefully pounce off excess glitter onto scratch paper. This glitter can be poured back into bottle and reused.
Carefully pull out paper from inside shirt then carefully insert Fashion Form. Let dry.
Peel blue paper backing from stencil, making sure to remove all inner pieces. Position on shirt where shown then press to secure. Run a fingernail along inside cut edges to prevent seepage. Squeeze a puddle of Glitter Bond onto foil. Dip flat end of wedge sponge into glue then pounce into heart design. Immediately pour Pink Glitter over adhesive then use fingers to lightly press glitter into glue to set. Pounce excess off onto scratch paper. Repeat step, adding Silver Glitter to wings. Let thoroughly dry then use stiff brush to brush off any excess glitter.
Squeeze three small dots of Jewel-It Glue on lips and above heart where shown. Touch tip of crayon to top of clear acrylic gem then press into dot of glue on lips – the wax from crayon will hold gem just long enough to transfer gem in place. Add gems into remaining dots of glue on lips, then repeat using red gems above heart. Let dry.
Start Diamond Glitter Spray Paint on paper towels to get a feel for spray pump then spray over entire shirt. Let dry. Wait 72 hours to wash. Machine wash warm on gentle cycle. Do not use harsh detergents or bleach. Remove promptly and line dry. To iron, turn garment inside out, being careful not to touch design with iron. Do not dry clean.
Optional Look
Halter Top: Lay shirt flat on surface then cut off sleeves just inside seam.
Cut from bottom of armhole up to neckline ribbing about 2" from shoulder seam, being sure not to cut through ribbing. Repeat with other side.
To create halter look, cut out fabric just under neckline ribbing, removing shoulder sections as shown.
Cut one hem strip in half then loop around side seams and tie a bow, slightly gathering fabric. Repeat with other side.


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"Customer service is priority #1 at Rocky Mountain ATV/MC. We value our customers and strive to be the best shopping experience- when you buy from us, you are buying lifetime service."
-Dan Thomas, CEO and Founder
We take pride in offering no hassle returns. In the event of a return, please call, email or chat with us to receive a solution to the problem. For apparel that doesn't fit quite right, Click here to see our Fit Guaranteed Program.
We will stand behind all products we sell with regards to manufacturing defects in workmanship and material. Most products are limited to the manufacturer's warranty. However, we will do everything in our power to take care of the problem.
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Comments On Jun 10, 2013:These pants are great for a guy on a budget but be sure to go up one pant size. I ordered the usual 28 (I'm a tiny dude) and the waist area was a little tight and the crotch area is a little close to my business. It's not too bad but after a while it gets annoying. However, the pants are made with good materials and have held up. So go up one size and you'll be fine.
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Comments On Mar 19, 2013:The Pants look great and so far have been very durable. They are a good quality for the price.
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Comments On Jan 31, 2013:I really like these pants, I have 2 pair! But they are a bit snug compared to some other shift pants I have, but I guess the tight jeans are what the cool kids are wearing these days! Jersey is also a little tight in the forearm area. Or it could be my huge muscles!
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Comments On Jan 07, 2013:i got 32 s and they barely fit at all. Great pants but just small. ive emailed to see ig i could exchange and havnt hears anything back
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Ed Perkins on Travel
Senior Travel
February 22, 2012
Well, at least the name returns, if not the actual airline. A Virginia-based group is, indeed, starting up a new airline that they are calling PEOPLExpress. Obviously, the new one isn't really a resurrection of the original -- much has changed -- but the new airline will have some similarities. The main carryover is that it will follow the original's low-fare, low-cost business model. Plus, apparently, at least a few of the new line's executive team are alumni of the original line.
Those of you with long memories may remember the original incarnation. The first PEOPLExpress launched in 1981, from its main base at Newark. It initially flew to just a handful of cities in the Northeast and Midwest, but grew rapidly to reach as far as Florida, the West Coast, London, Brussels and Montreal. Initially, service was all-coach, with just two fares on each route: peak and off-peak. Later, however, it added first-class seats and applied a more complicated "revenue management" fare structure. It was the first U.S. airline to charge for checked baggage and to charge for onboard soft drinks. I flew it twice -- from Newark to Columbus, Ohio early in its life, later on an inexpensive "first-class" trip to London.
Although the original business model seemed to be working, the airline badly miscalculated and overreached in 1985 by buying Frontier (the first incarnation there) and then Britt Airways and Provincetown-Boston Airlines. The acquisitions did not go well, and, finally, the airline sold its assets to Texas Air and got swallowed up into Continental in early 1987. Its main remaining trace is that its former Newark hub has morphed into Continental's main East Coast hub.
Version two hopes to avoid the mistakes of the earlier namesakes. Its main base will be at Newport News/Williamsburg International Airport in Newport News, Va., (formerly Patrick Henry Airport, and still using the code PHF). The plan is to fly initially to Pittsburgh, Providence, Newark, and West Palm Beach, with Orlando and Boston to come later. The line also intends to fly to "cities abandoned by other carriers," which means it may try to move in on routes abandoned by AirTran as it contracts into Southwest.
Flights will be in all-coach 737-400s, with the usual tight six-abreast seating, and, at 158 passengers, probably with a knee-crunching pitch of just 29 or 30 inches. The fare structure will be "simple," with one-way fares starting at $69. The line will not charge for seat assignments or for the first two checked bags and it will have a frequent-flyer program offering "extreme value."
Pending the usual paperwork, the first flights are programmed for "this coming summer." You can keep up with developments and -- soon -- buy tickets at www.flypex.com.
Will the new version last longer than the original? Obviously, it's far too early to say. But the new line faces tremendous obstacles:
-- The only successful recent startup lines -- Allegiant and Direct Air -- have employed a totally different business model. Both fly to a limited number of major tourist destinations from a bunch of cities too small to support a traditional airline; they fly only two or three times a week, and their profitability depends heavily on making a lot of additional revenue through bundling hotel accommodations and rental cars with their air tickets. PEOPLExpress doesn't seem to be aiming at this niche at all.
-- Established lines generally don't abandon any routes that can support daily frequencies in 158-passenger planes. And they stamp down viciously on any startups that invade their turf by slashing fares and adding flights. Finding routes that will support PEOPLExpress that don't already have service is a pretty tough assignment for any airline planner.
All in all, we can hope that the new PEOPLExpress succeeds. Consumers need as many choices as we can get. But any new airline is a gamble, especially one that appears to have no unique "value proposition."
Send e-mail to Ed Perkins at email@example.com. Perkins' new book for small business and independent professionals, "Business Travel When It's Your Money," is now available through www.mybusinesstravel.com or www.amazon.com
Copyright © 2014, Orlando Sentinel


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TALLAHASSEE – Florida's economic-development strategy for years has been a taxpayer-financed piggy bank handing out big bucks to companies that made grand job-creation promises and were seldom held accountable for their flops.
That's been changing recently – slowly, painfully and in fits.
Last year, the Orlando Sentinel reported that during the past 16 years, more than 1,600 job-creation deals were signed with companies that promised to generate more than 224,000 new jobs in exchange for $1.7 billion in tax credits, rebates and other incentives.
But because Florida's economic-development agency had done a shoddy job of tracking their performance, the state could confirm that only about 80,000 jobs were created and $738 million paid out. About 40 percent of the deals never resulted in a single job.
Since then, at the insistence of Republican and Democratic legislators:
Gov. Rick Scott's year-old Department of Economic Opportunity and Enterprise Florida have started implementing contracts with "clawback" provisions to help them recapture public dollars when the terms of contracts aren't fulfilled. For instance, Attorney General Pam Bondi is suing a defunct Washington software company, Redpine, after it took $750,000 in taxpayer cash in 2011 to open a Panama City office, then promptly closed.
DEO scrapped its contract with Miami-based Sharpton, Brunson & Company, P.A, an outside auditor that a state inquiry determined hadn't contacted or surveyed companies frequently enough to track their performance. DEO wanted to take this tracking in-house, but incoming Senate President Don Gaetz, R-Niceville, Democratic Leader Chris Smith, D-Fort Lauderdale, and other lawmakers blocked the agency from doing so. The company is currently trying to find another outside auditor.
DEO has also taken a tougher tone with some of the entities it fuels with economic-development cash. For instance, DEO told the Black Business Investment Fund of Central Florida last week that it was pulling its certification for state funding for a minority-business loan program because of a "significant deficiency" in its bookkeeping.
This is a dispute that has been going on for years between the state and the constellation of minority-business investment entities in Jacksonville and Orlando. The Orlando BBIF stands to lose about $284,000 in state funds over a dispute about how much it was charging the state to administer an "economic gardening" small-business job-creation program created under Gov. Charlie Crist.
Lastly, the agency has created an online portal at http://www.floridajobs.org, which provides information on incentive deals, including how many jobs the deals were required to create, what companies have actually done, and how much they've been paid. Although it's been a year since lawmakers first directed DEO to create the portal, the site still has only 288 of the 1,600 projects up – and most are ones that have performed well.
As Gaetz described the contents, "I'd like to tell you about the weight I lost and not the times I slipped off the wagon."
Gaetz takes the reins of the Senate next week and is intimating that a broader review of Florida's economic-incentive "tools" is in the works – and that Democrats like Sen. Eleanor Sobel, D-Hollywood, will be central players.
This is happening at the same time that Enterprise Florida, the public-private arm of the state's economic-development effort, is hoping to ask lawmakers in the 2013 legislative session for more incentives.
With heavyweight issues cooking for next spring – Medicaid expansion, ethics reform, higher education changes – it'll be interesting to see whether economic-development deals land somewhere on a back burner.
email@example.com or 850-222-5564


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Ioannis Papapanagiotou
p: 765-494-4677
f: 765-496-1212
Knoy 213
401 N. Grant Street
West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
Office Hours:
I have an open door policy. If you would like to arrange a meeting please send me an email.
Ioannis Papapanagiotou received the Dipl.Ing. degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Patras, Greece in 2006. The M.Sc. degree and dual Ph.D. degrees in Computer Engineering and Operations Research (Dual Major) from North Carolina State University in 2009 and 2012, respectively.
He is an Assistant Professor with the Department of Computer and Information Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN. Before this, he has worked in the Emerging Technology Institute in IBM, an in-house incubator team directly reporting to the WebSphere CTO and Chief Strategist. He has been awarded the best paper awards in IEEE GLOBECOM 2007 and IEEE CAMAD 2010. He is also the recipient of the IBM PhD, Academy of Athens and A. Metzelopoulos fellowships.
Ioannis is also an Adjunct Assistant Professor in the department of Electrical & Computer Engineering at North Carolina State University, and a faculty member of the Center for Education and Research in Information Assurance and Security, Purdue University
His research interests are:
- Cloud Computing
- Data Redundancy Elimination and WAN Optimization
- Mobile Network Design & Dimensioning
- Network Data Analytics (Big Data)
- Performance Analysis & Simulations
You may find more information on my personal website.
- PhD in Electrical & Computer Engineering, NC State University (2012)
- PhD in Operations Research, NC State University (2012)
- MSc in Computer Performance Engineering, from Electrical & Computer Engineering, NC State University (2009)
- Dipl. Ing in Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Patras (5-years degree - 2006)
- IEEE Communications Society, 10-years of service, 2014
- IBM Invention 1st file award, 2012
- IBM PhD Fellowship, 2011-12 (link)
- Best Paper Award, IEEE CAMAD 2010 (link)
- NSF Student Travel Grant Award for IEEE GLOBECOM 2010
- Best Paper Award, IEEE GLOBECOM 2007, (link)
- NSF Student Travel Grant Award for IEEE GLOBECOM 2007
- Andreas Metzolopoulos Scholarship for PhD studies
- Academy of Athens Scholarship for PhD studies
- Outstanding Teaching Assistantship Awards, NC State University (2008-09 and 2009-10)
- Mentored Teaching Assistantship Award from the College of Engineering, NC State University (2009)
- I. Papapanagiotou, M. Falkner, M. Devetsikiotis, "Optimal Functionality Placement for Multiplay Service Provider Architectures", IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, Vol 9, no. 3, Sep 2012
- I. Papapanagiotou, F. Granelli, D. Kliazovich, M. Devetsikiotis, "A Metamodeling Approach for Cross-Layer Optimization: A Framework and Application to Voice over WiFi", Elsevier Simulation Modeling Practice and Theory, Volume 19, pp. 2117-2129, 2011.
- I. Papapanagiotou, D. Toumpakaris, J. Lee, M. Devetsikiotis, "A Survey on Mobile WiMAX Networks: Objectives, projected features and technical challenges" IEEE Communications Tutorials & Surveys, pp. 3-18, Vo.11, Issue 4, Dec. 2009 (Top 10 IEEE Comsoc for Dec09-Jan10-Feb10-Mar10-Apr10)
- I. Papapanagiotou, G.S. Paschos, M. Devetisikiotis, "A Comparison Performance Analysis of QoS WLANs: Approaches with Enhanced Features", Special Issue on Multimedia Transmission over Emerging Wireless Technologies, Advances in Multimedia Journal, Hindawi Publications. Vol. 2007, Article ID 23817.
- G. S. Paschos, I. Papapanagiotou, S. A. Kotsopoulos, G. Karagiannidis, "A new MAC protocol with pseudo-TDMA behavior for supporting Quality of Service in 802.11 Wireless LANs", EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, Hindawi Publications, Vol. 2006, Article ID 65836.
- I. S. Bayram, G. Michailidis, I. Papapanagiotou, M. Devetsikiotis, "Decentralized Control of Electric Vehicles in a Network of Fast Charging Stations", IEEE GLOBECOM 2013, Atlanta GA.
- I. Papapanagiotou, E. Nahum, V. Pappas, "Configuring DHCP Leases in the Smartphone Era", ACM IMC 2012, Boston MA.
- I. Papapanagiotou, E. Nahum, V. Pappas, "Smartphones vs. Laptops: Comparing Web Browsing Behavior and the Implications for Caching", ACM SIGMETRICS 2012, London, UK (short paper).
- I. Papapanagiotou, R.D. Callaway, M. Devetsikiotis, "Chunk and Object Level Deduplication for Web Optimization: A Hybrid Approach", IEEE ICC 2012, Ottawa, Canada.
- U.K. Chaudhary, I. Papapanagiotou, M. Devetsikioitis, "Flow Classification Using Clustering and Association Rule Mining", IEEE CAMAD 2010, Miami FL, USA. (Best Paper Award)
- A.M. Gossett, I. Papapanagiotou, M. Devetsikiotis, "An Apparatus for P2P Classification in Netflow Traces", IEEE GLOBECOM 2010 Workshop on Enabling the Future Service-Oriented Internet (EFSOI 2010) (NSF Travel Grant Award - source code)
- I. Papapanagiotou, M. Devetsikiotis, "Aggregation Network Design Methodologies for Triple Play Services", IEEE CCNC 2010, pp.1-5, Las Vegas, USA
- I. Papapanagiotou, G.S. Paschos, S.A. Kotsopoulos, M. Devetsikiotis, "Extensions and Comparison of QoS-Enabled WiFi Models in the Presence of Errors" IEEE GLOBECOM 2007, 26-30 November 2007, Washington DC, USA. (Best Paper Award / NSF Travel Grant Award)
- I. Papapanagiotou, J.S. Vardakas, G.S. Paschos, M.D. Logothetis, S.A. Kotsopoulos,"Performance Evaluation of IEEE 802.11e based on ON-OFF Traffic Model" ACM MOBIMEDIA 2007, Nafpaktos, Greece.
- J. S. Vardakas, I. Papapanagiotou, M. D. Logothetis, S.A. Kotsopoulos, "On the End-to-End Delay Analysis of the IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function" IEEE Computer Society, Second International Conference on Internet Monitoring and Protection (ICIMP 2007), Silicon Valley, USA.
- G. S. Paschos, I. Papapanagiotou, E. D. Vagenas, S. A. Kotsopoulos, "Performance analysis of a new Admission Control for 802.11 WLAN Networks in ad hoc mode", CSNDSP 2006, pp. 215-219, Patras, Greece.
- G. S. Paschos, I. Papapanagiotou, C. G Argyropoulos, S. A. Kotsopoulos, "A Heuristic Strategy for 802.16 WiMAX scheduler for Quality of Service", 45th Congress FITCE 2006, pp. 169-175, Athens, Greece.
Book Chapters
- I. Papapanagiotou, J. Hui, M. Devetsikiotis, "On the Pricing of WiMAX networks", in the Book "WiMAX Evolution: Emerging Technologies and Applications", John Wiley & Sons Publications, March 2009, ISBN: 978-0470696804 (link)
- G.S. Paschos, I. Papapanagiotou, T.M. Bohnert, "Power Saving Mechanisms in IEEE 802.16e Wireless Networks", in the Book "WiMAX Networks Planning and Optimization", Auerbach Publications, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, April 2009, ISBN: 978-1420066623
- I. Papapanagiotou, G.S. Paschos, "A case study on the Energy Consumption and Mobility of the WLANs and WMANs", in the Book "Heterogeneous Next Generation Networks, Innovations and platforms", IDEA Group Publishing, October 2008, ISBN: 978-1605661087 (link)
Technical Articles
- I. Papapanagiotou, M. Behnen, JP Parkin, "DB2 NoSQL for JSON Capabilities, Part 4: Using the IBM NoSQL Wire Listener for DB2, IBM developerWorks article, June 2013.
Professional Affiliations:


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320 members15 Likes
558 members9 Likes
114 members48 Comments 4 Likes
770 members24 Likes
how is the tennis game going for ya?
amy, i'm on vacation all week and want to play as much as possible - my regular partner is out of town! - i'm about like you - a 3.5 verging on 4.0 on my good days. would love to hit this week in brentwood where my wife and i live - on the courts on barrington near sunset. let me know if you're interested - tom
hello..im also from NY..3-5-4.0..getting back to 4.0..I live in NoHo..work WeHo..
weekends are flexible, let me know..text or call 818 669-1306..Patricia
© 2014 Created by Mark / The Mayor.


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Straight Clip-In Extension, 22", Golden Wheat 1 ea
- Color
- Golden Wheat
Offers & Perks
Golden Wheat
Now women with short to long layered hair can easily and affordably change their length, volume, and texture with ease! Affordable, lightweight and easy to attach, this virtually undetectable extension can be put in and taken out in a matter of minutes. Short hair transforms to luxurious, straight, below the shoulder length hair.
Made with Kanekalon Vibralite® modacrylic fiber (the finest quality synthetic fiber available) with an overall hair length of 22"", this extension system consists of one multi-level contoured piece that creates an easy, fashionable style without the hassle of working with several individual wefts.
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