text:
By Rabbi Zelig Pliskin (Author)
List Price: $25.99
Online Discount: 10%
You Pay Only: $23.39Catalog #: CWYH ISBN-10: 1422605655 ISBN-13: 9781422605653Binding: Hardcover / Pages: 376Dimensions: 6 x 9 inches / Weight: 1.70 LBSPublished: by ArtScroll Mesorah PublicationsIn Stock?: YES
"The quality of your life is the quality of your on-going self-talk!"
Most people unconsciously engage in internal self-talk, and in this book, best-selling author Rabbi Zelig Pliskin guides the reader to achieve conscious awareness of meandering mental chatter and to transform it into a steady stream of purposeful thought. After reading the first three chapters of Conversations with Yourself, you will sense yourself achieving more and harnessing a power you never realized you had.
A master motivator, Rabbi Pliskin presents significant goals for character growth in simple, attainable steps. Drawing on the wisdom of the Jewish sages, his personal humor, and experiences common to all, Rabbi Pliskin details how anyone can shift habituated negative self-talk into a positive inner dialogue.
Each short chapter in Conversations with Yourself contains a powerful core thought which, as applied, can neutralize toxic self-talk and stimulate one's positive inner voice. Among the many brilliant principles presented are:
To read a short review of Conversations With Yourself, click HERE.
Browse Related Books:Books > InspirationBooks > Jewish Thought > Self HelpBooks > PsychologyBooks > Basic Jewish Library > Jewish Soul Enrichment
Other Selected Titles by Rabbi Zelig Pliskin:
CourageEnthusiasmGrowth Through TehillimKindnessPatience
Click here for full list


text:
April 20, 2014
Source: abcnews.com
March 2, 2013
AVONDALE, Ariz. (AP) - NASCAR will look at the placement of gates at its tracks after a Nationwide Series car crashed through the fence at the Daytona 500 and injured more than two dozen fans.
Steve O'Donnell, NASCAR's Senior Vice President of Racing Operations, said on Saturday that the gate where rookie Kyle Larson's car hit the fence was locked, but that pieces of the car still went through the fence.
He said the safety elements of Larson's car appeared to work, but the section that the engine is tethered to sheared off and sent pieces of the car flying into the stands.
O'Donnell also said two of the injured fans are still at the hospital, but that everyone else has been released.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Yorkville considers pulling out of Kendall bus service
By Steve Lord firstname.lastname@example.com February 18, 2013 11:26AM
Updated: March 22, 2013 6:44AM
YORKVILLE — The city is considering pulling its $23,000 annual contribution to the Kendall Area Transit system.
The proposal to withdraw from the KAT bus service has emerged as part of early city budget discussions. In looking at possible areas to cut costs, city staff identified the contribution to KAT as one area.
City Administrator Bart Olson said staff included the proposal after several aldermen asked about it. KAT serves about 200 regular customers in Yorkville.
"I think the general feeling is that it is too much money for the few people who use it," said Mayor Gary Golinski. "People didn't want to spend $20,000 a year on a recreation center that served 3,000 residents a month. How can we spend $23,000 a year on a service that only a few hundred people use?"
City officials also said KAT is a countywide service, and should be funded by a countywide agency. They said Yorkville residents also pay county taxes, so they pay twice for the KAT service.
But KAT Director Paul LeLonde said the city is failing to understand the situation. He said the local match — which is paid according to population by every municipality in Kendall County — is used to leverage state and federal money that pays for most of KAT.
Anyone can use KAT, if they register for the service. But it is mostly low-income, seniors and the physically challenged who use it. LeLonde said some take it to work, the doctor or the store. Riders pay $3 for a basic ride, with a $1 discount for senior citizens and the disabled.
"It's not just losing Yorkville," LeLonde said. "It's a lot bigger than just one contribution."
LeLonde said KAT officials plan to meet with city officials "to show them the local contribution is needed, that it's more than just a bus to people."
"The people on those buses need to get out into the community," he said. "KAT is their avenue, they're way of getting to work, the doctor, or to get a meal at the senior center."
Golinski said the city might need the money to pay a $22,000 bill it received from KenCom, the county's emergency dispatch system. Kendall County and the municipalities fought for almost two years over KenCom cost sharing.


text:
Our Henry Stripe dog collar is a classic combination of colors that will complement the coat of any dog! Inspired by classic men's styles, the Henry will be a terrific addition to any dog's wardrobe!
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text:
Thursday, April 24, 2014
America's disparate cultures respect no boundaries and continue to shape politics.
By Colin Woodard email@example.com
Staff Writer
Late Tuesday night, the television screens carried a familiar image: America, its northeastern quadrant and western shore a sea of blue, much of the rest a mass of red.
Colin Woodard, "American Nations: A History of the Eleven Rival Regional Cultures of North America" (Viking Press, 2011) © Colin Woodard
COLIN WOODARD is the Press Herald's State and National Affairs Writer and the author of "American Nations: A History of the Eleven Rival Regional Cultures of North America."
It's essentially the same map -- give or take two or three states -- that greeted viewers during election week in 2000, 2004 and 2008, one reflecting divisions dating back centuries. The Democratic presidential nominee -- whether an African-American from Hawaii and Chicago or a white Southern Baptist from Tennessee -- dominated much of the old Union, the Republican nominee most of the states of the old Confederacy, often by wide margins.
While these state-level maps suggest our political differences may have a regional basis, they actually conceal the depth of the sectional divide because they fail to capture the true cultural fault lines that have shaped and defined American politics since long before the United States came into existence.
The United States is composed of the whole or parts of 11 disparate regional cultures, most dating back three and four centuries, and all of them exhibiting conflicting agendas and the characteristics of nationhood. They've shaped our history, marking the battle lines of the Glorious Revolution of 1689, the American Revolution, the War of 1812, and, most catastrophically, the U.S. Civil War. You don't see them reflected on state-level maps because these regional cultures don't respect state boundaries -- or even international ones -- and bleed over the Canadian and Mexican frontiers as readily as they divide California, Texas, Ohio or Pennsylvania.
Look at county-level maps of almost any closely contested presidential race in our history, and the presence of these regional cultures is far clearer. Again and again, the swaths of the country colonized by the early Puritans and their descendants tend to vote as one, and against the party in favor in the sections first colonized by the Barbados slave lords who founded Charleston, or the Scots-Irish frontiersmen who swept down the Appalachian highlands and on into the Hill Country of Texas, Oklahoma and the southern tiers of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Missouri.
The people of the slender Pacific coastal plain from San Francisco to Juneau, Alaska -- a region you might call the Left Coast -- have backed the same horse as the Yankees in virtually every contest since their states joined the Union, and in opposition to the candidate favored by the majority of people in the interiors of their own states. Yankees have also found allies in the sections of the Southwest that were effectively colonized by Spain in the 16th to 19th centuries.
Most of the other regional cultures have found themselves somewhere in between the two, some of them finding common cause with one coalition for several decades before defecting to the other. In the early 20th century, the interior West was once a reliable ally of Yankeedom, but by century's end its leaders were allied with those in the Deep South.
The Dutch-settled area around New York City had the opposite pattern; today the region is as reliably blue as Massachussetts. The Quaker-founded Midlands -- always a multiethnic, multicultural mosaic -- have for centuries been skeptical of both coalitions' agendas, and often has served as the kingmaker in federal elections.
This year's presidential contest was no exception, but it did confirm the shifting of relative power -- and one longstanding alliance -- that will likely create new challenges to Republicans on the national stage.
The regional fault lines could be seen throughout this year's Republican primary contest, which pitted Yankee-bred Mitt Romney against an Appalachian native son (Rick Santorum) and a man whose entire adult life has been spent in the Deep South (Newt Gingrich).
(Continued on page 2)


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Dec 10, 2007
Climate protest in Bali
footage of the climate protest at the COP13 in Bali
Friends of the Earth International groups and campaigners took part in this December 8 2007 climate change protest rally in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
Protecting the world's forests needs more than just money
Governments meeting in Bali, Indonesia for the 13th Conference of the Parties/3rd Meeting of the Parties to the United Nations' Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 3-14 December 2007, need to recognise that this may be our last opportunity to stop runaway climate change and that with 18-20% of annual carbon emissions being caused by deforestation, protecting our forests is a key part of this.
This problem is made even more important because forests are a key part of the earth's carbon and hydrological cycles. Without forests rainfall will fail in many regions. Yet forests themselves are being impacted by climate change and may already be losing their ability to regulate the planet's climate. Further increases in temperature threaten to increase heat stress and drought, causing forests, particularly tropical forests, to become net sources of emissions, rather than stores. Furthermore, deforestation can also trigger irreversible ecosystem die-back.
Governments and intergovernmental organisations, including the World Bank, have responded by submitting a number of proposals concerning 'Reducing Emissions from Deforestation' (RED) and, in the case of the Bank, a proposal to launch a Forest Carbon Partnership Facility. However, these proposals, especially those that argue that forests should be included in carbon markets as offsets, fall far short of what is needed to combat climate change swiftly and effectively.
Carbon trading and offsetting are being used as a smoke-screen to ward off legislation and delay the urgent action needed to cut emissions and develop alternative low-carbon solutions. At the same time they encourage businesses, governments and people to continue with or even increase unnecessary polluting activities - reducing life to a commodity to be bought and sold.
Despite all these concerns, because carbon finance mechanisms hold the prospect of spectacular commercial profit in what may become one of the largest commodity markets in the world, they are at the top of many governmental and commercial agendas here in Bali.
Yet the UNFCCC's project- and trading-based emissions reductions schemes to date have been totally ineffective in terms of their ability to significantly reduce emissions. The UNFCCC's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), which was launched in Kyoto in December 1997, was intended to allow countries with emissions reductions targets under the Kyoto Protocol to invest in projects that lead to developing countries being able to reduce their emissions more cheaply.
The CDM has not worked. Projects have tended to lead to excessive profits for business, whilst generating investment for many projects that would have happened anyway. Several years of carbon trading have not stopped increasing rates of greenhouse gas emissions. In fact, studies show they may be resulting in an overall increase in emissions. Many projects are not 'clean' nor are they leading to poverty alleviation or sustainable development, as intended.
The World Bank has an equally appalling track record in relation to carbon funding, not least because it continues to fund oil, gas and mining projects, despite recommendations from its own review which suggested most of these projects be rapidly phased out; and as a broker it has a vested interest in promoting carbon trading. Its planned Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) –intended to channel carbon finance from donors to recipient countries - could also have serious negative social and environmental impacts.
Carbon financing is proving intensely inequitable. Forests are the home and source of livelihoods for over 1.6 billion people, including Indigenous peoples, and forest-dependent communities. Wealthy companies and countries are able to buy the right to continue to pollute, whilst poor communities often find themselves locked into unfavourable, long-term commercial contracts. Furthermore, forest-dependent Indigenous Peoples and local communities have already found that it is they who may have to bear the real cost of climate mitigation projects based on carbon finance, while garnering none of the benefits. Some carbon finance projects are subsidizing industrial tree plantations at the expense of communities, ecosystems and food production.
The proposed RED policies could trigger further displacement, conflict and violence, as forests themselves increase in value they are declared 'off limits' to communities that live in them or depend on them for their livelihoods. Women and Indigenous Peoples are the least likely to profit from the destruction of forests and therefore also the least likely to receive compensation. Carbon finance mechanisms result in forests being transferred or sold off to large companies who aim to acquire profitable 'carbon credits' at some point in the future.
Carbon markets, like other commodities, are also proving notoriously volatile. Far from creating a predictable commercial environment and financial flows, the European Union's Emissions Trading Scheme Phase I, for example, has had "very questionable effects" on "the extent to which emissions are reduced, and the extent to which it provides a stable and effective carbon price" (UK Environmental Audit Committee, 28 February 2007). The protection of forests and our climate is essential to all our futures and should not be subject to the vagaries of the market.
We are calling for governments to:
- address the direct and underlying 'drivers' of deforestation and the destruction of biodiversity in other ecosystems which are also critical to climate stability by reducing demand for agricultural and forest products and energy; removing trade and investment liberalisation rules that fuel deforestation; and stopping corruption.
that all forest protection programs are based upon and uphold the
rights of Indigenous Peoples (as laid down in the UN Declaration on
the Rights of Indigenous Peoples), women and local communities,
by prohibiting any actions that seek to exclude Indigenous peoples
and forest dependent communities from 'conservation' areas.
Outstanding land and tenure questions and the free and prior
informed consent of affected communities should be addressed as a
prerequisite, before the implementation of any such programs.
- give the highest priority to halting the development, production and trade of agrofuels, and suspend all targets and other incentives, including subsidies, carbon trading and public and private finance related to the development and production of agrofuels.
- keep forests out of carbon finance mechanisms, which are unpredictable, inequitable and discourage the reduction of emissions at source. This includes keeping forests out of the Clean Development Mechanism and all carbon trading initiatives; and rejecting the World Bank's Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF).
- ensure
that developing countries are assisted in their efforts to protect
their forests with well
targeted, predictable and sufficient financial and other support, in
the form of an
international fund that rewards the complete rather than partial
cessation of deforestation; supports policies that promote
community-based forest management and reforestation, natural
regeneration and ecosystem restoration; and finances a
global forest fire fighting fund and expertise, to assist countries
unable to prevent or stop out-of-control forest fires.
- redirect the very substantial amounts of public funds, tax exemptions and other forms of subsidies currently provided to the fossil fuel and agrofuels industries, into avoided deforestation assistance funds, the effective promotion of public transport and the development of solar, wind, geothermal, wave and energy efficiency technologies, (Government spending on energy subsidies currently totals US$250 billion per year.)
- ensure that funds are not used to compensate logging and plantation companies and others involved in large-scale deforestation.
- strengthen
weak forest conservation policies and institutions, encouraging
bans or moratoria on industrial logging and forest conversion, and
addressing corruption and lack of enforcement.
- implement a moratorium on all public financing and subsidies of oil, coal and gas exploration, and rapidly phase in subsidies for clean energy alternatives with just transition programmes to phase out existing fossil fuel activities, whilst protecting ecosystems, communities and food production from agrofuels.
Signed by:
Amigos de la Tierra/Friends of the Earth Spain
Arbeitsgemeinschaft Regenwald und Argenschutz, Germany
Agrega a Fundacion Bariloche, Argentina
Asamblea Patagonica contra el Saquco y la Contaminacion, Patagonia, Argentina
Asociación Quechua Aymara para las Comunidades Sustentables, ANDES, Perú
Carbon Trade Watch
Centro de Defeso dos Direitos Humanos, Brazil
COECOCEIBA/Friends of the Earth Costa Rica
Comisión Intereclesial de Justicia y Paz, Colombia
Community Technology Development Trust, Zimbabwe
Cresente Fertil, Brazil
Down to Earth
Earth Savers Movement, Philippines
Ecologistas en Acción, Spain
Ecological Society of the Philippines
Environmental Justice and Climate Change Initiative
Environmental Science Institute, Philippines
Equations, India
Focus on the Global South
Foundation for Ecological Security, India
Freunde der Naturvoelker e.V./ Friends of Peoples close to Nature, Germany
Friends of the Earth Argentina
Friends of the Earth Australia
Friends of the Earth International
Friends of the Siberian Forests, Russia
Genethics Foundation, Netherlands
Gesellschaft fuer bedrohte Voelker, Germany
Global Forest Coalition
Global Justice Ecology Project, US
Grupo Reflexion Rural, Argentina
HATOF Foundation, Ghana
ICTI - Indonesia
ILSA, Colombia
Indigenous Environmental Network
Indigenous Peoples Biodiversity Network
International Alliance of Indigenous and Tribal Peoples of the Tropical Forests
Just Forests, Ireland
Kalikasan – People's Network for the Environment, Philippines
Madre Tierra/ Friends of the Earth Honduras
Mangrove Action Project
MONLAR, Movement for Land and Agriculture Reform, Sri Lanka
National Farmers Assembly, Sri Lanka
National NGOs Coordinating Committee on Desertification, Kenya
Nature Alert
NOAH/ Friends of the Earth Denmark
O le Siosiomaga Society, Samoa
Ökumenischer Arbeitskreis "Christen & Ökologie", Germany
Pacific Indigenous Peoples Environment Coalition
Quaker Concern for Animals, UK
Red de Alternativas a la Impunidad y la Globalización
Regional Advisory Information and Network (RAINS), Ghana
Rettet den Regenwald , Germany
Salva la Selva, Ecuador
Sobrevivencia/ Friends of the Earth Paraguay
Sociedad Ecologica Regional (A Ho Valle y Comarca Andina, Argentina
Sustainable Energy and Economic Network
Swiss Working Group on Colombia (Grupo de Trabajo Suiza Colombia)
Tamil Nadu Environment Council (TNEC), India
Tebtebba, Philippines
Terre des hommes-Arbeitsgruppe Schwäbisch Gmünd / Germany
Timberwatch Coalition, South Africa
Transnational Institute
Via Campesina
WALHI/ Friends of the Earth Indonesia
Watch Indonesia! Germany
World Development Movement, UK
World Rainforest Movement
Xàrxa de l'Observatori del Deute en la Globalització, Barcelona, Catalunya
S. Faizi, India
Nov 27, 2007
UN climate talks in Bali 2007
The the United Nations Climate Change Conference took place in Bali from 3 - 14 December. Friends of the Earth International lobbied for the launch of an ambitious roadmap at the negotiations that will lead to real changes urgently needed in order to address the climate crisis.
outcomes from Bali
Bali delivered two main decisions which are the timetable for the Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I, and the Bali Action Plan which is a collection of many different aspects of UNFCCC obligations of mitigation, technology, finance and adaptation. Both are really short on content, and negotiating timetables for the next two years. This is expected to deliver a final decision on Copenhagen in 2009 which will become the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol.
The Bali Action Plan was the decision taken after a not-seen-before backlash against the USA in which the USA was forced to reverse their position and accept that they had obligations to reduce emissions and to take special consideration of the least developed countries and small island developing states who have comparative low emissions and are extremely vulnerable to climate change. This was widely reported as the 'Bali outcome' and by itself is a really weak decision because it has emissions' reduction ranges of between 10-40% in a footnote.
The Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments of Annex I - which does actually have emissions reduction ranges of 25-40% by 2020 for industrialised countries, a global peak and decline of emissions by 2015 and keeping temperature below 2 degrees. This is a Kyoto Protocol decision so doesn't apply to the USA - but theoretically provides an 'in' for the USA once there is a change of administration and predicted change of policy on Kyoto.
In Bali there was an unprecedented civil society presence that highlighted the impacts of climate change and proposed solutions. Friends of the Earth believes that a global climate justice movement is necessary to ensure that the responses to climate change are socially and environmentally justice, and that demand a high level of ambition, commitment and action from political leaders.
Alliance-building work in Bali culminated in the establishment of a network called Climate Justice Now! - made up of organisations such as Third World Network, Via Campesina and World Rainforest Movement and Indigenous Peoples organisations.
Friends of the Earth campaigners from around the world took photos of the event.
And all the latest press releases here
Read more about the Kyoto protocol here
Find out what activities Friends of the Earth International is organising.
Get all the latest coverage and podcasts from Real World Radio
Oct 03, 2007
meena raman's speech to the UN
Speech of Ms. Meenakshi Raman, Chair of FOEI at the UN High Level Summit 'Future in our Hands: Addressing the Leadership Challenge of Climate Change'
24 September 2007, New York
(Thematic Plenary II on Mitigation)
Distinguished delegates,
As we all know, the science of climate change today is clearer than ever. Severe impacts are to be expected around the world, increasing in magnitude with increasing levels of warming, if we cannot stop current trends. Especially vulnerable are the poor of the world who already heavily burdened.
The science tells that in order for the most dangerous impacts to be avoided, the average global temperature increase must be kept as far below 2 degrees centigrade as possible, compared with pre-industrial levels. This implies that the long-term concentration of greenhouse gases must be brought back to around 400 ppm carbon dioxide equivalent. The science also suggests that to achieve this, global greenhouse gas emissions needs to be at least halved by the middle of the century, compared with 1990 levels.
Hence, for a post 2012 regime, there has to be agreement on the "burden-sharing" principles between the North and South in avoiding climate catastrophe.
In this regard, the deeper the cuts of greenhouse gases for Annex 1 countries, the less is the burden on developing countries. A cut of more than 80% by developed countries by 2050 (compared to 1990 levels) is clearly needed, both from a climate change perspective, as well as to provide the necessary environmental space needed for developing countries to meet their sustainable development needs.
The proposal by the German Chancellor, Angela Merkel to consider a framework of action leading to equal per capita emissions by around the middle of this century is a first of many steps needed. Action between now and then must also be governed by the principles of historical responsibility and the capacity to act.
The issue is whether and how we can find a sustainable development pathway for developing countries that includes not only a climate protection pathway, but also a pathway to improve the living standards of our people and to alleviate poverty within an ecological framework, and enables new policies for agriculture, industry, trade and finance.
For this, mitigation efforts must be integrally linked to the design of the development pathway. Hence, the following issues are critical –
- The need for coherence
in policies at both the international and national levels. In
relation to the international level, policy coherence
is critical in the WTO, IMF and the World Bank with the MDGs as well
as with the climate change regime and sustainable development.
Coherence should be around sustainable development and climate
change and not around trade. This also requires coherence in
developed country policies as well.
- Instead of advancing such coherence, mercantilist policies are being pursued through the international financial institutions with aid conditionalities, and in the WTO and Free Trade Agreements to open up the economies of the developing countries that undermine sustainable development.
- How can developing countries put priority in integrating climate change into national policies when international policies and measures exacerbate poverty and inequity, including through the displacement of small farms and firms and loss of access over natural resources to powerful foreign corporations? Such so-called 'free trade' policies enhance climate vulnerability as the poor lack the resources to adapt or be resilient to climatic changes.
- Moreover, for developing countries to undertake a mitigation pathway that enables the rapid domestic deployment of climate friendly technologies, requires changes to the way in which technology transfer is managed andgoverned. Many of us in the south, like me, believe that there cannot be a strict requirement to comply with intellectual property rights that profits monopolies if we are to succeed. We must find a way to breakdown the barriers to rapid deployment of clean technologies that the poor can afford.
- It is also fundamental to undertake lifestyle changes especially in the North and among the elites of the South. We cannot afford to maintain the position that the lifestyles of the rich are not up for negotiation. We have to live simply so that others can simply live!
- In relation to the technology options for mitigation, we have very serious concerns over nuclear energy, genetically modified trees, carbon capture and storage and biofuels for environmental and safety reasons.Clearly, more emphasis and priority should be focused on energy efficiency, energy conservation and renewables, including decentralized forms of energy production.
If these issues are addressed well, it will make it easier for Civil Society Organisations in developing countries to insist on our governments to have top priority on climate change.
We therefore appeal to the leadership of the North to seriously address these matters. We also appeal to the Southern leaders to begin to take the necessary steps for a post Kyoto framework, recognizing that this requires complementary polices in the South and fundamental changes in the North.
In Bali, we must see the launch of negotiations for a post-2012 framework in line with the 2 degree centigrade imperative, that will end in 2009 for a more just and climate friendly world.
We in civil society have very high expectations and look forward to you world leaders to deliver this outcome.
Thank you.
May 29, 2007
foe canada sues government
Friends of the Earth Canada has launched a landmark lawsuit against the Government of Canada for abandoning its international commitments under the Kyoto Protocol. Filed in Federal Court in Ottawa by Canada 's foremost environmental law organisation, Sierra Legal, the lawsuit alleges that the federal government is violating Canadian law by failing to meet its binding international commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Canada is second only to Austria, worldwide, in the staggering size of its failure to meet its Kyoto target, with its greenhouse gas emissions more than 34% above its 6% reduction target. Last month, the Canadian government set greenhouse reduction targets of 20% below 2006 levels by 2020, which would leave Canada about 39% above the Kyoto target for 2008-2012.
In October 2006, an international legal opinion was presented to the Canadian government indicating that Canada had failed to show "demonstrable progress" in achieving its Kyoto target, as required by 2005. This failure, along with others, activated a legal duty on the Environment Minister under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act to act to prevent air pollution that violates an international agreement binding on Canada . The lawsuit is an application for judicial review, seeking enforcement of this duty.
"Because climate change is the most urgent crisis ever facing the planet, Friends of the Earth is resorting to the courts to require the federal government to respect its Kyoto promises," said Beatrice Olivastri, Chief Executive Officer of Friends of the Earth Canada, "We must see an end to important programmes being dismantled, terminated and slashed - all part of the pattern of Kyoto denial by the federal government."
Sierra Legal lawyer Robert Wright thinks that the Canadian government is letting its voters down.
"Canadians expect the Government of Canada to live up to its domestic and international commitments to combat global warming, and our environmental laws require it to do so," he said. "Our government shouldn't have to be asked to put on a credible and lawful climate change cap."
The initiative is supported by the Climate Justice Programme. " Canada has become the first country to be sued for breaching the Kyoto Protocol. This is possible because Canada is so far off her Kyoto target that her own legal rules designed to prevent pollution in violation of international law kick in, " said Peter Roderick, co-Director of the Climate Justice Poregramme. "Canada 's Kyoto performance has been so abysmal that enforcement of her own legal rules is necessary to help stop her traditional reputation as a good international citizen from slipping further."
Download the history of the case http://www.foecanada.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=278&Itemid=113 the Application www.sierralegal.org
Friends of the Earth Canada is a voice for the environment, working nationally and internationally to inspire the renewal of communities and the earth through research, education and advocacy. It is the Canadian member of the 69 country strong Friends of the Earth International (www.foecanada.org).
Sierra Legal is Canada 's largest non-profit environmental law organization, dedicated to enforcing and strengthening the laws that safeguard our environment, wildlife and public health (www.www.sierralegal.org)./
The Climate Justice Programme is an international collaboration of lawyers and campaigners encouraging enforcement of the law to combat climate change, hosted by Friends of the Earth International (www.climatelaw.org).
Apr 20, 2007
The Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition (ASOC) was founded in 1978 by FoEI, WWF and other environmental organizations in order to provide a mechanism for the public to monitor and participate in meetings of the Antarctic Treaty System.
ASOC's website, www.asoc.org, contains all its
documents since 2000.
The following Friends of the Earth groups are involved in Antarctic campaigns: Brazil, South Korea and Norway.
ASOC now includes over 100 organizations in 30 countries and leads the international campaign to protect the biological diversity and pristine wilderness of Antarctica, including its oceans and marine life.
ASOC campaign teams attend all meetings of the Antarctic Treaty System as accredited expert observers, and are able to put on the table detailed proposals for change as well as commenting on all government proposals. ASOC also is an observer to the Agreement on Conservation of Albatross and Petrels (ACAP) and the International Whaling Convention (IWC), where we work to protect the integrity of the Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary.
asoc: foei paper before international maritime organization
Friends of the Earth International has submitted a joint paper before the International Maritime Organization, on behalf of the Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition. ASOC'S Information Paper on Southern Ocean Vessel Issues discusses the desirability of the IMO establishing additional rules for vessels operating in the Southern Ocean, including:
- Ice-strengthening standards
- Banning use of heavier grade fuel oils
- Preventing discharges of oily substances, sewage, graywater and waste
- Preventing introduction of alien species, including via hull fouling
- Establishment of a universal vessel traffic monitoring and
information system for Antarctic vessels.
Key issues include:
- stopping illegal "pirate" fishing in the Southern Ocean, which is harming the most valuable commercial species – Antarctic Toothfish, while killing hundreds of thousands of giant petrels and albatross over the past few years;
- ensuring that fishing for krill, the base of the marine food chain, is managed on an ecosystem basis that ensures no harm to predators;
- regulation of commercial tourism, which is growing exponentially in recent years and is presently self-regulated by an industry association;
- regulation of bio-prospecting, which is growing rapidly without any controls;
- ratifying Annex 6 to the Environmental Protocol on liability for harm to the environment;
- securing protected status for Lake Vostok;
- gaining political support for creation of the world's largest marine protected area – the Ross Sea;
- regulating noise pollution from various types of sonars being used in the Southern Ocean;
- obtaining appropriate standards and rules for vessels operating in the Southern Ocean;
- ensuring the integrity of the Whale Sanctuary by stopping Japan's 'scientific' whaling.
Contact person: James Barnes
foe groups and affiliates
other sites
impacts of climate change
- The Pacific - flight from paradise
- Malaria - the big winner
- Meltdown in Everest - Himalayan villages under threat
rest on unstable ground
- Climate change in Central America
- Climate change in Nigeria
- Climate change in Nepal
Impacts of Climate Change - Part 1
BUND/Friends of the Earth Germany
The Pacific – Flight from Paradise
Leo Falcam, the former president of Micronesia, made the issue very clear when he said: "Climate change is the biggest security threat we face". He was speaking in the year 2000 as a representative of around seven million people who live in the small island states in the Pacific Ocean. Falcam wondered how much longer human life could be sustained on Tonga, Fiji or Samoa.
The inhabitants of the Pacific Islands are not responsible for global warming – they account for only 0.06 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions. But they are the first victims because most of the islands are small, flat and extremely vulnerable.
Experts assume that sea levels will rise in the next few decades. The only question is whether they will rise by 30 centimetres, one metre or perhaps even several metres. Storm tides already flood the islands more frequently these days and whole stretches of coastline are being eaten up by the sea. Some small atolls in Fiji have already lost 30 metres. At the same time, the salt water is seeping into the ground, destroying fertile land and contaminating the groundwater. Climate change is also having an increasing effect on rainfall. In the past years the Marshall Islands, Fiji and Micronesia have experienced the most severe droughts to date. Elsewhere, heavy rainfall has destroyed the harvest.
Droughts Here, Floods There
These weather extremes are in turn accelerating the spread of illnesses like malaria as well as skin and lung infections. A rise in the sea temperature will eventually also threaten the coral reefs that surround the islands. A rise of one degree in the water temperature has already led to the destruction of some coral, destroying in turn many fish habitats. Consequently, the island inhabitants lose an important food source as well as a tourist attraction.
With floods, illness and a shortage of food, it is no wonder that island inhabitants can only see one solution: leave their homes and emigrate. The small island state of Tuvalu , which measures 400 metres at its widest, and whose highest point above sea level is just three metres, has already started the process of emigration. In the year 2000 the inhabitants, numbering more than 11,000, had already realised that their island would be uninhabitable in the long-term and they applied for asylum in Australia . But to no avail. Australia – the one large industrial country who, along with the USA , did not ratify the Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change – refused to grant asylum. The Australian government did not recognise environmental refugees in international law as proper refugees because they were not being persecuted by a State. In contrast, Australia 's neighbour, New Zealand , was willing to accept the Tuvaluese. In cooperation with the governments of Tuvalu and other island states, the New Zealand government developed an evacuation plan for the Pacific area. Under this plan, 75 people will emigrate annually from Tuvalu and Kiribati to New Zealand as well as 250 people each from Fiji and Tonga.
Things will happen at an even faster rate on the island of Carteret , which belongs to Papua New Guinea . In two year's time, the inhabitants - who amount to just under 1,000 - will have resettled in nearby Bougainville . They have to abandon their six small islands and leave them to the sea. A new Atlantis – engulfed by environmental politics.
The Pacific Islands are the first victims. But scientists reckon that in the next few decades hundreds of millions of people worldwide will become environmental refugees, fleeing from coastal regions where periods of drought or floods have made their countries uninhabitable. When Leo Falkam spoke of a "security threat" to the Pacific island states, he was only anticipating what will soon become a reality for other states.
First published in Frankfurter Rundschau (Germany), translation: Sharon O'Brian
central america
impacts of climate change
- The Pacific - flight from paradise
- Malaria - the big winner
- Meltdown in Everest - Himalayan villages under threat
rest on unstable ground
- Climate change in Central America
- Climate change in Nigeria
- Climate change in Nepal
Climate Change in Central America
Losses and harms caused by climate change in Central America are becoming more evident every day. In El Salvador, rivers that before were permanent are now seasonal, and rivers that are normally dry from November to April are now completely dry. Forecasts suggest a possible increase in the intensity and duration of droughts. This impacts food production and the livelihoods of many Salvadorans.
Perhaps even more worrisome, recent research has linked climate change to the increased intensity of severe weather events like hurricanes. In October 2005, Hurricane Stan struck Mexico and Central America. The storm caused pervasive flooding, the overflow of rivers and gorges, and landslides that buried houses and people. The countries most affected in Central America were Guatemala and El Salvador, where the governments declared a national state of emergency.
The people most affected by the storm, as always, were the families who live in extreme poverty. In Guatemala, at least 1,500 people were killed and up to 3,000 were confirmed missing. Panabaj, an impoverished Mayan village near Lake Atitlan in the department of Solola, was wiped out by a mudslide that killed every member of the community. In El Salvador, 65 people died, 300 communities were affected, and more than 54,000 people more forced to leave their homes.
According to the Salvadoran Committee of National Emergencies, "the emergency exceeded the capacity of the aid organizations. There were floods everywhere, bridges on the verge of collapse, landslides, and dozens of roads blocked by mud."
This storm is evidence of the social, economic, ecological, and political vulnerability of Central American nations to the impacts of climate change.
In Central America, people are beginning to understand that these catastrophes are occurring with increasing intensity because of climate change. These countries contribute very little to the problems compared to industrialized countries, but Central Americans and other people from poor nations will bear the brunt of the impacts.
Why Large Dams Are Not the Answer
One of the technologies proposed by the World Bank in the, 'Clean Energy and Development: Towards an Investment Framework' is large hydropower. Large dams have caused numerous problems in communities in Central America, and there is substantial public sentiment against the building of dams.
The areas where dams are built are often located in indigenous and farming communities, which are rich in natural and cultural resources. When the dams are built and areas are flooded, it destroys peoples' security and livelihoods. Dams can also displace large numbers of people. According to the World Commission on Dams, 40 to 80 million people have been displaced during the construction of 45,000 dams.
Dams cause serious environmental and social impacts. And often, these large hydroelectric projects do not supply electricity to towns and communities. Instead, the electricity goes to multi-national corporations and industries for operations that do not benefit the people.
Many demonstrations and protests have occurred in Central America over the construction of large dams. Instead of building more dams, Central America must explore other possibilities and technologies for producing clean energy that will benefit communities.
impacts of climate change
- The Pacific - flight from paradise
- Malaria - the big winner
- Meltdown in everest - himalayan villages under threat
rest on unstable ground
- Climate change in Central America
- Climate change in Nigeria
- Climate change in Nepal
Impacts of Climate Change - Part 4
BUND/Friends of the Earth Germany
Siberia's houses rest on unstable ground
The 200 000 inhabitants of Jakutsk are tough. No other place on earth is subject to such large temperature fluctuations as this Siberian town with a range of minus 50 degrees Celsius in winter to plus 30 in summer. Jakutsk lies on so-called permafrost. The ground is permanently frozen and even on the hottest days of the year just a few centimetres at the surface thaw. In this way the permafrost has been conserving geological development for thousands of years. It presents a true treasure trove for scientists who can source important facts concerning our climate. They even found a frozen mammoth on one occasion.
Yet now citizens of Jakutsk could literally be losing ground to climate change. In the last 30 years the average temperatures in Siberia have risen by 2 to 3 degrees Celsius. Last year scientists from the west Siberian Tomsk University and the British University of Oxford made a shocking discovery: over an area as large as Germany and France the permafrost is beginning to melt for the first time since the end of the ice age around 11 000 years ago.
The consequences are conspicuous. Locals have for some time now been observing that woodland is tilting due to the thawing permafrost. They named this phenomenon "drunk trees". However, the longer it lasts the less amusing it becomes because the repercussions for Siberia's infrastructure are becoming more acute.
Nuclear power stations falter
Following conclusions made by the International Arctic Research Center, houses, mining pits and factories are considered to be at risk of collapsing. Oil pipellines are close to bursting point, and railway tracks and airports cannot be used on the soft surface. Tarmacked areas and roads crack and sink in the mud. In some regions the number of days on which the roads are accessible has declined from a good 200 to around 120 per year. How safe nuclear power stations are on this spongy ground is also unclear.
Whilst the inhabitants suffer the local repercussions, scientists are fearing an entirely different consequence. Great quantities of organic material, thousands of years old, lies frozen in the permafrost and with that an enormous amount of carbon. When the ground thaws, bacteria begins to decompose this material. As a result of the decay billions of tonnes of methane would be produced and released into the atmosphere. The fears of the scientists become clear when one realises the effect that methane has on the atmosphere. Methane is a highly active greenhouse gas that fuels climate chance twenty times faster than carbon dioxide. Once the permafrost is thawed it will be impossible to prevent its disappearance. A vicious circle kicks in. Climate change causes permafrost to melt, methane is set free and this is turn increases the pace of climate change.
The majority of houses in Jakutsk remain undamaged. The inhabitants have learned how to cope with the most difficult climatic conditions for centuries. They have even established a research institute, the only one of its kind in the whole world, which has for 60 years been investigating how to build houses and roads on permafrost. It's now time for the institute to turn its attentions to the issue of how to build houses on thawing ground.
translation: Hilary Myska
impacts of climate change
- The Pacific - flight from paradise
- Malaria - the big winner
- Meltdown in Everest - Himalayan villages under threat
rest on unstable ground
- Climate change in Central America
- Climate change in Nigeria
- Climate change in Nepal
Climate Change in
Climate change is already affecting many places and communities in Africa. The continent is experiencing more droughts in already dry areas and increased rainfall and flooding in areas that are usually wetter.
The impacts of climate change in Nigeria serve as an example of what will happen in many other parts Africa. From mangroves and rainforests on the Atlantic coast in the south to the savannah in the north bordering the Sahara, Nigeria has a variety of ecosystems. While excessive flooding during the past decade has impacted negatively on farming in coastal communities, desertification is ravaging the Sahel.
Traditionally, desertification in the Sahel has been blamed on overgrazing practices of the local population. But it has been discovered that the real problem is climate change. Rainfall in the Sahel has been declining steadily since the 1960s. The result has been the loss of farmlands and the conflicts between farmers and herdsmen over ever decreasing land. This loss of land is considered the root of the conflict in Dafur in Sudan.
Many different communities, including fishermen, farmers and herdsmen are now confronted with difficulties arising from climatic changes. Peoples' livelihoods are being harmed, and already poor people are becoming even more impoverished. Climate refugees are being created, as climate change makes some land unliveable and impacts water supplies.
Oil and Gas in Nigeria
While Nigeria is not a major contributor of greenhouse gas emissions when compared with industrialized countries, it is a major supplier of oil and gas to countries with high greenhouse gas emissions. The exploitation of gas and oil for export from the Niger Delta both contributes to global warming and it also destroys the environment and harms communities living near these projects.
Oil fields in the Niger Delta of Nigeria contain crude oil mixed with very large amounts of gas. Major oil companies operating in Nigeria separate the oil from its associated gas at flow stations, where the gas is simply burned off, serving no useful purpose and contaminating the air and lands for local communities.
For the communities, the effects of gas flaring has been dramatic: continuous noise, rise in temperature in communities close to flare sites, acid rain and retarded crop yield, corroded roofs, respiratory diseases. And the loss of darkness as with the unnatural illumination from gas flares at night. Gas flared in Nigeria, containing high amounts of methane and carbon dioxide-major greenhouse gasses, is also a major contributor to global warming, as it produces emissions that is more than the combined emissions of the rest of sub-Saharan Africa.
These oil and gas projects do not provide energy to the people who live in the region. They only pollute their air and lands from the gas flaring by Shell and other major transnational corporations.
False Solutions to Climate
Climate change should be addressed by reducing emissions and adopting better and appropriate energy technologies. But market mechanisms that are designed to reduce carbon emissions can encourage or subsidize corporate abuses. Under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) framework of the Kyoto Protocol, oil companies in Nigeria could be given carbon credits to stop gas flaring, rewarding companies for stopping an illegal process.
The Nigerian courts have declared gas flaring illegal and a gross violation of human rights, and oil companies and the government have already made commitments to end the criminal practice by 2008. Gas flaring reduction projects in Nigeria cannot and should not qualify for CDM credits as such projects fail on the additionality and sustainable development criteria.
The only reason why gas is flared in Nigeria is because the Nigerian government fails to abide by its own laws while the companies continue the practice to make excess profits. Oil companies in Nigeria can end gas flaring profitably without CDM credits. Gas flaring projects can only be suggested for CDM for the benefit of carbon market profiteers. This is a sad commentary for the CDM as a mechanism for global greenhouse gas reduction.
impacts of climate change
- The Pacific - flight from paradise
- Malaria - the big winner
- Meltdown in Everest - Himalayan villages under threat
rest on unstable ground
- Climate change in Central America
- Climate change in Nigeria
- Climate change in Nepal
Climate Change in
Nepal's vast changes in altitude over a
comparatively small area make the country
particularly susceptible to climate change.
The lowest point in Nepal is 60 meters, while
the highest is 8848 meters, and the climate
varies dramatically from tropical to
Nepal's annual average temperature has risen by 0.06 degrees Celsius, and three snow-fed rivers have already shown signs of reduced flows. But the temperature in the Himalayas is increasing twice as fast, which is having serious impact on glaciers and glacial lakes.
The rapid melting of Himalayan glaciers is increasing the volume of water in glacial lakes. When these lakes become too full, they threaten to burst in torrential floods, called glacial lake outburst floods. These events cause extensive damage to roads, bridges, trekking trails, and villages, and people have also been killed by these events. At least 12 of these glacial lake outburst flows have been reported to date, and with continued regional warming, these events are likely become more common.
Twenty of Nepal's 2,300 glacial lakes are identified as potentially dangerous for glacial lake outburst floods. But among these lakes, only one has mitigation measures in place.
In a few decades, when the glaciers have melted, water level in rivers will decline, meaning massive economic and environmental problems for people in Western China, Nepal, and Northern India.
Sagarmatha National Park
Sagarmatha National Park is dominated by Mount Everest, the highest peak in the world. The park is an area of exceptional natural beauty with dramatic mountains, glaciers and deep valleys, and it has been designated a World Heritage Site by the United Nations. But climate change seriously threatens the park's glaciers and its ecosystems.
Currently in the Himalayas, 67 percent of glaciers are rapidly retreating. The Rika Samba in the Dhaulagiri region is retreating at a rate of 10 meters per year. This is very unusual as glacial movement is usually measured in millimeters.
This glacial melting will eventually leave Sagarmatha National Park snowless, and will destroy the habitats of the endangered species in the park, such as the Snow Leopard and the Lesser Panda.
Friends of the Earth-Nepal has filed a claim at the United Nations to request the inclusion of Sagarmatha National Park in the list of world heritage in danger as a result of climate change and to ask for protective measures and action.
Nepal's share in the global emission of greenhouse gases is almost nothing, but the consequences of global warming and climate change threaten to wash away vast areas of the country, including the region that is home to Mount Everest.
The Need for Action
It is imperative that actions are taken to cut greenhouse gas emissions around the world so that there is some chance of limiting the most severe impacts of global warming, like the loss of sacred places like Mount Everest.
Action must be taken by the largest emitters of greenhouse gases, such as the Group of 8 (G8) countries. These countries represent just 13 per cent of the world's population, but account for 45 per cent of greenhouse gas emissions.
It is also important to get developing countries like Nepal on clean, renewable energy paths. There are clean alternatives to fossil fuels for power generation and energy, such as wind power, solar power, small hydropower, and biofuels, which should be fully explored as options for developing countries.
There is also a need to prepare people for
the impacts of climate change that are
already occurring. In Nepal, climate change
is going to seriously impact the country's
water resources. Action is needed to help
people understand what climate change means
and to protect the poorest people from its
mount everest
impacts of climate change
- The Pacific - flight from paradise
- Malaria - the big winner
- Meltdown in Everest - Himalayan villages under threat
rest on unstable ground
- Climate change in Central America
- Climate change in Nigeria
Climate change in
Impacts of Climate Change - Part 3
BUND/Friends of the Earth Germany
Meltdown in Everest - Himalayan Mountain Villages Under Threat From Glacial Melt
Where Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay trekked over never-ending ice on their first ascent of Mount Everest 53 years ago, they would today have to wade through mud. To reach the glacier, which at that time ended just beyond their base camp, they would have to walk for a further two hours today because the Himalayan glaciers – once so majestic – are now melting rapidly at a rate of 15 metres per year.
Goodbye Glaciers, Hello Floods
From his office window, Prakash Sharma can see the highest summit of the Himalayas. Sharma is director of Friends of the Earth, Nepal. Since his childhood, he has known and loved the harsh landscape of the Roof of the World. His voice cannot conceal his concern about what he has observed for years now: "Glaciers are melting everywhere in the Himalayas, leaving behind them a desert of sludge and rubble. These are hideous scars on nature." It's no wonder this is happening when you consider that the average temperature in the region has increased by one degree Celsius since 1970. As the temperature increases, so the glaciers melt. The economic livelihood of the local community is at stake. "The Sagarmatha National Park, whose highest peak is Everest, is losing its natural beauty", bemoans Sharma. Endangered species, like the snow leopard and the lesser panda, are disappearing. Sharma fears that tourists will lose interest and will seek out other travel destinations. This would be catastrophic for the country, which ranks as one of the ten poorest in the world.
Friends of the Earth, Nepal, along with the international Climate Justice Programme, have consequently applied to UNESCO to have the Mount Everest National Park included in the list of endangered Natural World Heritage Sites, thereby according it special protection. They are supported by well-known personalities such as Reinhold Messner and Sir David Attenborough and the campaign has met with its first success: a UNESCO panel of experts is assessing the application.
Rising Lake Levels Threaten Mountain Villages
Yet another outcome of climate change is a source of worry for the Himalayan experts. Immense volumes of water are being released from the melting glaciers and are turning what were previously gently flowing rivers into torrents, destroying bridges, ripping away plant life and flooding villages. Elsewhere, the melt water collects in natural hollows and creates new lakes. Where deserts of scree existed 50 years ago, today we find natural reservoirs measuring kilometres in length, which are filled to the brim and are ready to burst. Nothing could withstand the flood that would then plunge towards valleys – the inhabitants of villages lying in those valleys would have no chance. Using satellite images, scientists from the United Nations have come to the conclusion that 44 lakes in Nepal and Bhutan could flood in the next few years. Thirteen of these alone lie within the Sagarmatha National Park.
Theoretically, man-made drains could take the pressure off the glacial lakes and could deliver a controlled flow of water to the valley. But this method for alleviating the threat would be too expensive for Nepal. The rich industrialised countries recognise in principle that they are responsible for climate change and that, therefore, they should pay for protective measures. However, concrete negotiations are very slow-moving, perhaps too slow-moving for the mountain villages of Nepal.
Translation: Sharon O'Brien
impacts of climate changeA series of articles by Bund/Friends of the Earth Germany - 1st published in Frankfurter Rundschau
- The Pacific - flight from paradise
- Malaria - the big winner
- Meltdown in Everest - Himalayan villages under threat
rest on unstable ground
- Climate change in Central America
- Climate change in Nigeria
- Climate change in Nepal
Impacts of Climate Change - Part 2
BUND/Friends of the Earth Germany
Malaria – the big winner
The dangers of malaria are well known from ancient times. When the Romans conquered northern Africa, they easily defeated the indigenous tribes, but had to flee to the cool of the mountains when the disease blighted them in summer.
Today malaria is the world's 2nd biggest killer . Every year, 500 million people are infected and approximately 2.7 million die as a result, the majority of these in Africa. More than 90% of the victims are under five.
Climate change will worsen the situation. During the 20th century the average temperature in Africa rose by around 0.7 °C while annual rainfall declined in some regions. So far the experts agree, but, it is hard to make predictions about future climate change, not least because the network of research centres in Africa is underdeveloped.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the highest international authority for climate researchers, is expecting temperatures in Africa to rise by around 2-5 °C during the course of the 21st century. There will be extensive regional differences – whilst the Sahel region will probably become even hotter, there may be higher rainfall Central Africa. However, several researchers are predicting that the climate will also become very disordered in Africa.
For the anopheles mosquito , the transmitter of malaria, the conditions could not be better. Even just slightly higher temperatures and appropriate larvae hatcheries can result in explosive reproduction rates. What this can entail was shown in Rwanda and Mozambique, where a hot summer in 1987 and a few heavy showers caused a 300% increase in malaria cases in just one year.
This was also the first time that the mosquito was able to reach higher climes. Generally it can only survive in lower regions where the climate is tropical. Yet now the disease also occurs in mountainous areas , which were previously considered as malaria-free.
The situation has been particularly well researched in South Africa. Scientists estimate that climate change bolsters the spread of malaria so much, that at the Cape of Good Hope alone the mosquito's habitat will double. The number of potential human victims would thereby rise from 2- 7 million.
Effective drugs against malaria have long been available, and in many parts of the world the disease has been beaten. However, particularly in rural African regions, medical provision is poor. Malaria claims so many victims here that it destroys social structures of entire villages. Families lose their providers, children become orphans, and villages lack teachers, workers, and even tribal leaders.
The UN is acting on the assumption that the consequences of malaria will reduce economic growth in Africa by 1.3 % every year. And most African countries are ill-prepared to face up to these realities . In order to combat malaria large amounts of money would be needed for drugs, hospitals and to destroy mosquito hatcheries. Unfortunately, financial means for this are rarelly available.
Author: Markus Steigenberger
Translation: Hilary Myska
First published in Frankfurter Rundschau/ Germany
climate change stories
A list of climate change stories from our member groups around the world.
friends of the earth korea: campaign against nuclear energy
91% Koreans say nuclear is not the alternative
Nuclear power is becoming more popular as governments seek to break their oil addiction. However, it is not a clean alternative. Dangerous and long lasting waste products have to be dumped somewhere, threatening communities for hundreds of years to come.
Residents of Buan county in Korea are facing just such a threat, a huge dump for nuclear waste. On February 14th they held a referendum on whether or not to accept the dump. 50,000 voters out of a total population of about 70,000 participated in the vote. 91% voted against the dump.
Resistance within Buan to the dump has been enormous. Candlelight vigils have been held for more than 200 days. Elementary, middle and high school students went on strike for 41 days, blocking roads. In addition, there were several demonstrations in which more than 20,000 residents participated.
Ultimately, the Minister of Commerce, Industry and Energy resigned after making apologies to the Buan residents for damages, and he recognized the referendum as an important process to decide upon a nuclear dump site.
Although the Korean government says that it will not accept the result, it will be very hard to ignore the will of the residents. The Buan referendum 2004 made a new page not only in the history of the Korean movement against nuclear energy, but also in the history of Korean democracy.
Friends of the Earth Korea website
ExxonMobil - Climate Killer of the Year
Vote names oil giant exxonmobil as the worst carbon dinosaur in Finland
Last July a thousand people in Finland
faced a hard decision as they prepared to
vote for the Finnish Climate Killer. All ten
candidates were horrible remnants from the
age of dirty fossil fuels - fighting all
attempts to push forward renewable energy and
to save the world from catastrophic climate
In their speech, they stressed that
ExxonMobil has time and again over the years
that it is committed to use any means to
speed up catastrophic climate change. Its
products and activities have contributed a
remarkable 5 percent towards human made
global warming and yet it shows no sign of
responsibility in its policies or
Both advocates and opponents of nuclear
power got some votes.
www.foeeurope.org/dinosaur for the carbon dino tour plan and picture gallery
EU spring council
Giant EU energy flag outside EU Spring Council
grassroots support for climate-friendly energy as EU leaders seal energy future
9 March 2007
As pivotal debate about Europe's future energy policy took place at the EU Spring Council in Brussels, Friends of the Earth activists assembled to construct a 12 metre high bright blue and yellow flag right outside the meeting, demanding that governments stop climate change, cut energy waste and choose renewables. The flag followed the design of the famous EU flag, but contained symbols for sustainable energy choices in the golden stars and was formed by hundreds of people from across Europe, dressed in blue on a giant frame.
Participants in the action came from fifteen European countries. A sea of banners at the base of the giant flag displayed the slogan "Stop Climate Change. Cut Energy Waste. Choose Renewables," in multiple languages.
According to Jan Kowalzig, climate campaigner at Friends of the Earth Europe, people across Europe are deeply concerned about climate change. "They are fed up with governments protecting the dirty coal and nuclear industries. Grassroots support for a fundamental shift in energy policy towards renewable energy and energy savings was today thrust right under the noses of the most powerful politicians in Europe."
Individual stars in the installation - each 2 metres high - were annotated with signatures, collected out on the streets across Europe in the last few weeks. Thousands of people have endorsed renewable energy and energy efficiency, calling for a shift away from energy based on dirty fossil fuels and dangerous nuclear power.
Each star of the giant EU energy flag represented a specific demand to EU leaders as they agree an action plan today that will govern Europe's energy future for the coming decades.
- A wind turbine and a sun called for greater promotion of renewable energy: Friends of the Earth insisted that EU leaders adopt a binding target of 25% of primary energy demand to be met by renewable energy by 2020, broken down into specific sectoral targets to stimulate investment in all areas, such as heating and cooling and electricity.
- A low-energy lightbulb symbolised the demand for a greater commitment to increasing energy efficiency. Friends of the Earth highlighted that although the EU has acknowledged that it has the potential to cut its energy consumption by 20% by 2020, the summit will still fail to make concrete commitments to achieve it.
- An anti-nuclear symbol called for a phase-out of nuclear power. Friends of the Earth is opposed to nuclear power playing any role in Europe's future energy policy, as it is dangerous, sensationally expensive compared to renewable energy and leaves a legacy of radioactive waste for hundreds of years.
- An anti-coal symbol represented the demand for a phase-out of subsidies for fossil fuels. Friends of the Earth exposed the glaring hole in the proposed new energy policy, which aims to improve the functioning of Europe's energy markets but does not address billions of Euros of subsidies to the fossil fuel industry.
- An anti-oil symbol demanded a reversal of unsustainable trends in the transport sector, for example by forcing carmakers to make more fuel-efficient cars. The action plan for Europe's new energy policy almost ignores the transport sector, which is absurd considering that transport guzzles 70-80% of foreign oil imports and that the EU aims to reduce its dependency on foreign oil.
Friends of the Earth also reiterated that the target adopted by the EU today for reducing domestic greenhouse gas emissions should be at least 30% by 2020 compared to 1990 levels. Governments will today adopt only a 20% unilateral target, despite recommending that 30% is the level of reduction necessary to avoid catastrophic climate change.


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This line of semi-gloss acrylic paint was designed by famous mixed media artist, Claudine Hellmuth! These paints have a smooth consistency and rich pigmented color. Use directly from the jar on canvas, paper, wood and fabric. Mix with water to thin and create watercolor effects. Mix with Claudine's Multi-Mediums (available through our store) to create glazes. The paint is also waterproof when dry. You can also use this with Claudine's Studio Brushes and Sticky Back Canvases (also available through our store).
• Acid free, non-toxic
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You will receive one jar of the SKY BLUE Claudine Hellmuth Studio Line Acrylic Paint in this sale.
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Perfect Balance Electrolite
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Sugar Free Perfect Balance Electrolite provides rapid re-hydration by including proper levels of sodium, potassium, chloride, sulfate, magnesium, calcium, and chelated minerals in a highly concentrated and highly effective formula designed to match the proportion of electrolyte absorption and balance.
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The Rolls Royce of nail files in a perfect size for your handbag. Winner of Best Nail File Handbag.com, Harper's Bazaar Hot 100 2011 and Essentials Magazine Best Nail File 2010. The file surface is guaranteed for 25 years, and is made from the finest lead crystal.
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Shires Mens Cotswold Show JacketImpeccably designed to offer a perfect fit, the Shires Men's Cotswold Show Jacket has an elegant classic design. The charming appeal of this show jacket for men will make a wonderful addition to your riding ensemble. Crafted from premium grade polyester fabric, this show jacket is resistant to easy wear and ensures lasting functionality. The 100% washable feature of this polyester show jacket ensures easy maintenance and care. Designed with double rear vents and three fastening buttons, this show jacket for men ensures superior ease of movement with a tailored fit. Product Features:
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food coloring, and
Your driveway is so pretty now! ;) I love that recipe. I need to revisit it. Yeah for RAINBOWS~!
Your driveway is so pretty now! ;) I love that recipe. I need to revisit it. Yeah for RAINBOWS~!
Neat idea! I've never seen this before. We'll have to try it out. :)
I'm totally going to try this. Awesome!
How fun! I'm glad you found the CDing links helpful on my 'green' blog!
Oh wow, that looks like a lot of fun!
What a great idea! Thanks for the recipe! Since it is warming up, I cannot wait to try this!
I didn't have food coloring in stock so I used packets of kool-aid and it worked great. The colors were really bright when it dried. Kids loved the smell and next rain it washed all away!
thanks so much! I just did it with my boys this week. They LOVED it!! :)
i am so excited to try all your craft ideas.
here's our sidewalk paint:
Ive been seeing alot of great ideas with cornstarch lately! And this is definitely another great one to add to the list! Thanks.
You can use washable liquid watercolors instead of food coloring if you're worried about staining clothes!
Oh, I love this idea so much! It's brilliant! My kids have been enjoying the process of making things lately, so to be able to make their own paint will be a delight. I can't wait for a sunny day to try this out! Thank you for sharing this wonderful idea.
Found your post via pinterest and so glad I did - can't wait to try it!
My daughter loves to make footprints on the back walk with her wet feet, but gets disappointed when they dry so fast in the sun. She asked me this morning, "how do we make them sticky?".
I remembered this post and gave it a try. We only had enough cornstarch to make one Chinese takeout tray of blue paint, but she was very happy. My driveway and back sidewalk are now covered in light blue footprints and handprints.
Thank you!
@ Mary -- So fun- I love it! I bet you love those little hand and footprints too : )
Might have to try this with my 4 year old and my 3 year old niece, it would be right up their alley!
-MaryLea (pink and green mama)
Thanks for sharing! Found via Pinterest and tried with my 25mo son today. Kept him entertained for almost half an hour (probably a record for our crafty projects!). We really enjoyed it. :)
so I thought this was a great idea until me, my girls, and the concrete are all stained! Not sure what I did wrong
Oh no Kailyn,
I'm guessing it will fade with multiple rain washings or a hose. My fingers are always stained for a day after we play with food coloring. Hope it fades quickly!
When I was little, my mom used to mix non-toxic paint with some dishwashing liquid to make driveway paint! It was fun too because it hardly ever rains in Texas, so sometimes it would stay there for weeks!
This post is perfect for the Monday Kid Corner Weekly Linky Party. The next party goes live Sunday morning and this week's theme is SIDEWALK CHALK. Be sure to brush off those archives as well and link them up at http://thejennyevolution.com/category/linky-parties/monday-kid-corner/ See you there! Jennifer


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UNALAKLEET -- The Coast Guard has ended its search in Norton Sound for two people missing on a trip from Koyuk to Unalakleet.
David Slwooko, 41, and Debra Kimoktoak, 48, were aboard the 17-foot skiff.
KINY-radio reports the boat was found on a beach 35 miles southwest of Unalakleet but there was no sign of Slwooko and Kimoktoak.
They had left Koyuk on Monday afternoon and were expected in Unalakleet that night. Searching began Tuesday.
A Coast Guard C-130 from Kodiak and a helicopter that had been deployed to Barrow helped scan the sound. The Cutter Bertholf was also sent to the area.


text: New stories Upcoming Incoming 30° Virtual Console Imports: Sin and Punishment 17m ago - Ever wanted to try your hand at playing some import games? Why not start with the Wii and Wii U's... | Wii Comments (0) ctsugg Source - leviathyn.com 30° Phantom's Pain: Monster Hunter(Takuchat) 30m ago - I(Takuchat) decided to record Mark of a Hero for a video for our Youtube, and since I just recent... | Wii U Comments (2) KingKelloggTheWH Source 10° Popular RPG Baldur's Gate Enhanced Edition Arrives On Android 30m ago - Baldur's Gate was first released in 1998 by BioWare and had some great success, selling over two... | Android Comments (1) GameZomg Source 20° GamerBolt: LEGO The Hobbit Review 31m ago - GamerBolt: "Quite simply, LEGO The Hobbit does exactly what it was designed to do – provide gamer... | PC Comments (0) james1988 Source 7.6/10 gamerbolt.com Ad Enter to Win a PS4 and More! Now - We are buying one lucky N4Ger a PS4 just for commenting on any N4G story! | Promoted post Read More SiteBot 20° PS3Home: Final Fantasy XIV: A Realm Reborn Review 32m ago - PS3Home: "This truly is a rock-solid RPG's that provides everyone with a little bit of something... | PS3 Comments (0) james1988 Source 9.2/10 ps3home.co.uk


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- When not all the books in the series are the same height.
- When books change covers with editions so they don't all match unless you buy the series in one go.
- When some books are hardcover and some are softcover and it doesn't match but you can't find another copy.
- When some covers are different in certain countries so you don't get the main one which also happens to look better than all the other varieties.
- Basically just books.
(Source: thefictionthief, via partyinthewasteland)


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NX20 Camera Jacket Case
CJN20BKeep your Samsung NX20 Camera protected with style. It's made of genuine leather, so this jacket case gives you a great look as well as better protection and an enhanced grip while shooting. The built-in hand strap also makes sure you won't drop your camera by accident. Thanks to its innovative design, you can even leave the jacket on while using a tripod. 0 5 0 reviews
Recycling Batteries Responsibly
The European Directive on Batteries and Accumulators aims to minimise the impact of batteries on the environment and encourage the recovery of the materials they contain. In the UK, regulations on the recycling of batteries and accumulators (rechargeable batteries) were Introduced in 2009. The Waste Batteries Regulations aim to significantly increase UK collection and recycling of used portable batteries from 3% in 2007 to 25% by 2012, rising to at least 45% in 2016.
The battery symbol on a product or on its packaging indicates that the product must not be disposed of with general household waste. Instead, it is the consumer's responsibility to dispose of their waste batteries at a designated collection point so that they can be recycled. The separate collection and recycling of batteries at the time of dispo sal will help to conserve natural resources and ensure that they are recycled in a manner that protects human health and the environment. A comprehensive list of battery recycling centres can be obtained from: www.recycle-more.co.uk
All Samsung products that are subject to the Batteries Directive are compliant with the UK battery and accumulator Requirements. In accordance with national law, SAMSUNG Electronics (UK) Ltd is a member of an approved batteries producer compliance scheme. This scheme collects, treats and disposes of batteries on Samsung's behalf.
- Protect your NX20 wherever you go
- Stay stylish with genuine leather design
- Get a better grip while you are shooting
- Keep the jacket on while you use a tripod
Stylish and Premium Design
Better Protection
More Stability and More Convenient
Physical Specification
- Exterior Size (W x H x D)128 x 63 x 51[mm]
- Weight53g
- ColourBlack
- Compatible ModelsNX20
General Features
- MaterialGenuine Leather
- Case Lock MethodTripod Screw
Ratings and Reviews (0)
Your opinions about this product can be helpful to us and to anyone thinking about buying one.


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Since that time, a host of Empty Stocking board members have kept this vision alive and thriving, thanks to their hard work and our community's support of the annual Empty Stocking Gala. This year's event is slated for Friday, Nov. 1, at the Anniston City Meeting Center.
Over the past 24 years, more than 7,500 foster children in Calhoun and Cleburne counties have awakened on Christmas morning to new bicycles, video games, Barbie dolls, baby dolls, iPods, swing sets and hundreds of other gifts, thanks to the support of those who buy tickets to the annual gala or make donations.
Children aren't the only ones helped by the Empty Stocking organization — indigent patients at area nursing homes receive needed items, too.
The Empty Stocking Gala — always loads of fun, and the unofficial local kickoff for the holiday season — will feature a catered dinner (with shrimp, steak, a dessert bar … the list goes on) from David Mashburn's Classic on Noble, plus several open bars and live (and lively) musical entertainment by the band Party Nation. Again this year, the Courtyard by Marriott will offer a discounted rate for gala patrons, as well as a shuttle service to and from the gala (call Julie Hansek at Courtyard at 256-831-7995 for details).
Current board members are Bruce Adams, Lisa and Mike Askew, Brenda and Joe Bynum, Julie and Jeff Hansek, Toni and Art Hathorn, Karen and Mark Lee, Ashley and Steven Lines, Karlynn and David McCormack, Sherlyn and Corey McWhorter, Brenda and Melvin Morgan, Kari and Will Payne, Nick and Manju Purohit, Kenny Steppe, Edith and Paul Trammell, Chuck Ward, Tammy and Gary Wiggington, and Becky and Terry Wilson.
New to the board this year is Kim Coker, who is looking forward to helping host such a great party, but says she really can't wait until "shopping day" when board members (along with DHR workers) get to be Santa's helpers for a little while. Each foster child gets to make a Christmas wish list and each list is filled with care by "elf wannabes" as they race up and down the aisles.
Gala doors will open at 7 p.m., and the band will play from 8 p.m. until midnight.
Tickets — available from any board member — are $125 per couple, and are all inclusive. For more information, visit the Empty Stocking Gala's Facebook page or contact a board member.
To share your news with Small Talk, contact Annette Maddox at email@example.com.
Make plans to attend the mother lode of local fall festivals — the first Neewollah on Noble, presented by the Spirit of Anniston on Saturday, Oct. 26, at 10 a.m. You'll find it all — live music, contests, exhibits, carnival games, a kid zone, ghost tours and zombie walk, horse carriage rides, arts and crafts, a treat walk … whew! Want to learn more? Check out Spirit of Anniston's Facebook page. Admission is free, and sports fans will be pleased to know that the SEC game of the week will be playing on a Jumbotron, and restaurants and bars will be offering food and drink specials during the event.


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Global Social and Sustainable Enterprise MBA Discretionary Scholarship
Colorado State University
March 31, 2013
School Location
Fort Collins, Colorado
- Fort Collins is consistently ranked as one of the top 10 cities in the US, and is nestled against the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains.
- Northern Colorado is also developing an exciting entrepreneurial ecosystem which provides a great spring board for early-stage entrepreneurs.
About the Award
- RPCVs are a great fit for our innovative, entrepreneurial MBA, so every year we award merit and need-based scholarships to RPCVs. During the GSSE MBA, you will build businesses that solve problems in the developing world – but to be successful, we need students who have the hands-on grassroots know-how you gain from serving in the Peace Corps! You should definitely apply for this if you want to continue making a difference in the world, and believe in market-based solutions to global challenges.
- RPCV status
Award Amount
$5,000 - $15,000
Application Instructions
You apply for this scholarship at the same time as you apply for admission to the program.
Please visit http://biz.colostate.edu/gsse/admissions/Pages/howToApply.aspx for specific application instructions.
Contact Sandy Dahlberg at 970.491.6937, or email@example.com, if you have any questions.
Check out www.csugsse.org for more information.
Before responding to this announcement, please review the Terms of Use. The Peace Corps is not able to confirm the legitimacy of all positions posted to this jobs board. If you believe an announcement has violated the Peace Corps Terms of Use, please contact email@example.com.
The Office of Third Goal and Returned Volunteer Services offers a wide range of career and transition support services for returned Peace Corps Volunteers (RPCVs):
Career Events
Check out our full Calendar of Career Events
Videos On-Demand
Watch recorded webinars about various career transition topics
Update Your Records
Share your current contact information so we know where to reach you
Third Goal Resources
Request resources for your Third Goal activities


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|Bauer Vapor X7.0 Hockey Shoulder Pads Sr
Was: $109.99
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The Bauer Vapor X7.0 Shoulder Pads offer solid protection in a traditional, low bulk design ideal for intermediate to advanced level play.
Bauer used lightweight Vent Armor foam in the chest and spinal plates to cut down on weight without sacrificing protection. The Thermo-Max liner has a very comfortable feel and helps keep the pad in place. The Anatomical covered shoulder caps and Poly reinforced bicep guards increase protection while maintaining a lightweight feel with a great range of motion.
The X7.0's come with a removable belly guard that offers great core protection or can be removed for players looking for a lighter, custom feel.
- Model Number: 1039093
- Heritage:Vapor X40
- Level of Play: Ideal for intermediate to advanced level play
- Bauer sizing guidelines:
Pad size / Player height / Chest circumference
Small / 5'5"-5'9" / 36"-40"
Medium / 5'7"-5'11" / 38"-42"
Large / 5'9"-6'1" / 40"-44"
- Protection:
- Lightweight Vent Armor foam located in the chest plate and spinal plate
- Anatomical covered caps
- Poly reinforced bicep guards
- Multi layer HD and MD foam arch protection
- Removable extended core protection (belly guard)
- Liner:
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- Multi-segment upper body design
- Adjustable length bicep guards
- Spinal flex shield
- Weight:
- 1020.5 grams (Medium sized shoulder pad)
Other Items to Consider
Bauer Hockey Shoulder Pads Senior
The Bauer Vapor APX2 Hockey Shoulder Pads are the premier model in the Vapor Line. The APX 2 utilizes Bauer's new AeroLite™ Foam Technology that offers a 30% weight reduction without sacrificing any protection. The Vapor APX2 also includes 37.5™ Technology that helps to regulate a player's body temperature so they can have as much energy as possible to put into their game.
The Bauer Vapor X100 Hockey Shoulder Pads showcase a lightweight and mobile design for the speedy, crafty player. On the front chest plate, Bauer integrated their all-new AeroLite™ Foam that is 30% lighter than traditional foam without sacrificing protection.
The Bauer Vapor X80 Hockey Shoulder Pads are designed for the intermediate level player who's looking for solid mobility and protection. Bauer upgraded the X80 by using even more high-density foams and plastic reinforcements while also adding in a removable belly guard.
The Bauer Vapor X60 Hockey Shoulder Pads are the entry level model in the Vapor Shoulder Pad Line. The X60 uses high-density foams reinforced with plastic inserts in the sternum, spinal and clavicle areas for sound protection where you need it most.
The Bauer Supreme TotalONE NXG Hockey Shoulder Pads use Bauer's lightest and most protective materials available, offering top notch protection with unbelievable mobility. The NXG shoulder pads are customizable with adjustable bicep guards, adjustable shoulder caps and a removable belly guard.
The Bauer Supreme ONE.8 Hockey Shoulder Pads are ideal for intermediate to advanced level play. The Vent Armor and high-density foams provide great protection while maintaining a high level of mobility.
The Bauer Supreme ONE.6 Hockey Shoulder Pads offer good protection and mobility at a great value. The ONE.6 pads feature a multi-panel design that allows for a great range of motion and makes sure the pads stay in the right place for protection. This pad includes high density foams as well as Vent Armor foams that are also found on the TotalONE NXG.
The Bauer Supreme ONE.4 Hockey Shoulder Pads provide a solid level of protection and great looks at this entry level price point. The Supreme ONE.4 has a high level of protection in the sternum and collar bone area using high density foams.
The Bauer Supreme ONE.4 Women's Hockey Shoulder Pads offer great protection designed specifically for women. The Supreme ONE.4 pad utilizes molded PE inserts backed with foam in the spine, chest and bicep areas.
The Bauer Vapor APX hockey shoulder pads are the premier shoulder pads in the Vapor line. The APX shoulder pads offer a pro level of protection while maintaing a great range of motion and a lightweight feel due to the different types of foams Bauer has used.
Sizes Available: Sr XL
The Bauer Vapor X7.0 Shoulder Pads offer solid protection in a traditional, low bulk design ideal for intermediate to advanced level play.
Sizes Available: Sr Sm, Sr Md, Sr Lg, Sr XL
The Bauer Vapor X5.0 Hockey Shoulder Pads offer a good level of protection ideal for intermediate level play. The X5.0 has a simple but effective design that reduces weight but still provides good protection.
Sizes Available:
The Bauer Vapor X3.0 Hockey Shoulder Pads offer a good level of protection ideal for entry level to intermediate play.
Sizes Available: Sr Sm, Sr Lg
The Bauer Nexus 1000 hockey shoulder pads are the premier shoulder pads in the Nexus line offering an advanced to pro level of protection. The combination of dense foams and Bauer's Free Flex system makes the Nexus 1000 shoulder pads extremely mobile with a solid feel great for those grinders.
Sizes Available: Sr Sm, Sr Md, Sr Lg, Sr XL
The Bauer Nexus 600 hockey shoulder pads are ideal for intermediate to advanced play. The are lightweight and mobile while still offering a great level of protection.
Sizes Available: Sr Sm, Sr Md, Sr Lg
The Bauer Nexus 400 Hockey Shoulder Pads are the most affordable shoulder pads in the Nexus line. They offer great protection and comfort for recreational to intermediate level play.
Sizes Available: Sr Sm, Sr Md


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This was the question posed to a group of eight students gathered for an April 11 session of the San Miguel Basin Colorado State University Extension's 2011 Building Farmers class at Norwood's Lone Cone Building. New and existing farmers from Paradox to Telluride were participating in the eight-week program to learn the business of farming. Tonight they were watching a live webinar out of Ft. Collins on food safety and regulations.
So what do all those fruits and vegetables have in common? "They all grow well in Colorado. They're also commonly consumed raw," said the presenter. And because they are consumed ray, "we are in a fight with micro-organisms for our best fresh produce."
She went on to discuss the best practices farmers should use when harvesting, producing and selling their products – a good part of which involves educating the consumer. Class handouts provided guidelines to washing fresh produce, home-producing chicken eggs, and farmers' market shopping tips. There was even a suggestion that farmers' market vendors provide hand washing stations for their customers.
Did you know that the best time to wash produce is right before its use? Or that apples, tomatoes and melons produce ethylene gas and should be stored away from other produce?
Food safety was just one of the subjects covered in this spring's eight-week Farmers Teaching Farmers program, which culminated in a presentation of the students' business plans on May 2. Other topics included "Taking the First Steps," "Planning and Marketing," "Introduction to Local Resources," "Marketing and Labor," "Budgeting and Record Keeping," and a "Farm Production Panel." The program is meant to provide existing and aspiring farmers with tools and ideas to refine and enhance their business management production and marketing skills. Each session had built-in social time, complete with a catered dinner, so that participants – many of them current Norwood Farmers Market vendors – could network and compare personal experiences. And by having regional farmers present at the classes, students benefitted by hearing real stories about their hands-on success in the farming business.
With "building capacity, building community," as its motto, the CSU Extension's Building Farmers class fits right in to their recent efforts to address food security issues and the recent explosion of interest in home gardening and food production.
To find out more about future Building Farmers sessions, visit www.ext.colostate.edu or call the Norwood Extension office at 970/327-4393.


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Void main
From cpwiki
Standard issues
C and C++ programs that use void main() are non-standard. Except in some special cases like embedded systems, void main() should not be used. The proper return value for main is int, not void. Thus, main() should be declared like so:
int main()
Actually, main can be declared in any of the four following ways:
int main() int main(void) int main(int argc, char *argv[]) int main(int argc, char** argv)
Unless a program uses command-line arguments, one of the first two would suffice.
Practical issues
Not only is void main() not standard, using it can cause problems when the return value of the program is examined, which is a common occurrance in situations like shell scripting. The return value of a program is often used to check whether a program "failed" or "succeeded". With int main(), one typically returns 0 to indicate success, and other numbers to indicate various errors. With void main() an undefined number is returned, so anything checking the return value of such a program will probably think an error occurred, because a random integer is far more likely to be nonzero than zero.
Acceptable use
It should be noted that some implementations of C, usually for embedded systems or other platforms with limited resources, require void main(). These implementations are not ISO-standard-conforming, however. Usually this is because implementing standard C would be a waste of effort or resources on these platforms, which have their own interfaces.