text:
OURAY – At a candidates forum in Ouray earlier this week, three out of four candidates running for three open seats on the Ouray School Board expressed concern about the potential impacts that Amendment 66 could have on the Ouray School District.
Amendment 66 is a ballot question in Colorado's upcoming Coordinated Election that seeks to bring in almost $1 billion more funds for public education through a statewide income tax hike, while changing funding formulas for the way the money is dispersed to individual school districts.
Candidates Ellen Kersen, Jennifer Fedel and incumbent Don Mort (who did not attend the forum, but had prepared a statement) all expressed concern that the proposed amendment could result in a decrease in per-pupil funding in Ouray, while diverting Ouray taxpayers' money away from the Ouray School District to benefit larger, lower-achieving urban school districts.
"This bill does not favor a school with demographics like Ouray," Fedel said. "I am all about the welfare of Ouray Public School. That's why I'm running. And I question tax increases of eight percent and above, depending on what your income is, that will not necessarily benefit our little school and prove onerous to our fellow neighbors and citizens.
Kersen expressed similar concerns, stating, "I would vote no."
Mort, as an incumbent, was careful to articulate that the current Ouray School Board has taken an "officially neutral" stand on the amendment, neither supporting or opposing it. "It's not clear that the school district voters/taxpayers, would benefit from the current formula, possibly not getting a return from the state for the tax dollars we send them," he said.
School Board candidate Jane Ross, however, took a stand in favor of the proposed amendment. "We would lose approximately $79 per student, and the bill would require $133 per family per year in increased taxes," she acknowledged. However, she emphasized that it was important to look at the big picture of what the bill is trying to achieve, and stated her belief that many of the bill's perceived flaws would be worked out over time. The Colorado Association of School Boards "does endorse it," she said. "I am not sure how you could not be for a law [whose purpose is] building a world-class educational system for our state."
The forum, sponsored by Women in Support of Education, took place at the Ouray School on Tuesday evening, Oct. 8, and offered Ouray School Board and Ouray City Council candidates a chance to introduce themselves and answer written questions from the audience on a variety of issues.
Mort, a retired social studies teacher elected to the Ouray School Board four years ago and now seeking a second term, was not able to attend Tuesday's forum. His wife Jill read a statement he had prepared, emphasizing the value of his years of experience on the school board, and as a teacher for three decades before that.
Ross, a Ouray School Board veteran with 10 years of previous experience under her belt, recently retired from a career in mental health work. She would now like a chance to serve on the school board again. "I have climbed the steep learning curve of being on the school board, but there is always more to learn," said Kersen, who has a master's degree in social work and has been employed as a substitute teacher at Ouray School for over a year. She is also a Young Life Christian youth group mentor, and became interested running for the Ouray School Board after serving on the District Accountability Committee. "I would like to be a part of the team that affects the policy that affects the way the students learn, teachers teach and the administration runs the school effectively," she said.
Fedel is a nurse at Montrose Memorial Hospital. Her husband Mike is the current president of the Ouray School Board, and chair of the Ouray Board of County Commissioners.
Fedel and Kersen both have school-aged children who are enrolled at Ouray School.
To a person, the candidates praised the quality of education that students are receiving at the Ouray School, and none of them indicated that they would attempt to push through any major changes.
"I see there are challenges, rather than changes" that need to be made, Fedel said. "Operating within budget constraints, we need to continue to maintain a safe and secure school environment." Fedel went on to emphasize the importance of having a proactive safety committee, continued maintenance of facilities and ongoing policy review.
Kersen pronounced herself "eager to work with a team, even if we disagree agreeably. I would like to see an improvement in the consistency of policy implementation throughout the school, and improve the school-community relationship. We are doing a lot with the school, but it doesn't seem we are a big part of the community."
"The ongoing day-to-day process of a school is the most important part," Ross said. "Having a grand idea and pursuing it."
Odd-year elections are referred to as coordinated elections, and feature local races, and local and state measures.
Ouray County Clerk Michelle Nauer's office will mail out 3,500 ballots next week for Ouray County's 2013 Coordinated Election – one ballot for each active registered voter in the county.
What's on the ballot?
Four different ballot styles have been prepared, reflecting the various school board and council elections happening in the county and its municipalities.
All four ballot styles present two statewide questions, Amendment 66 and Proposition AA (pertaining to public education funding, and taxing of recreational marijuana sales, respectively), as well as the countywide sales tax question, Ballot Issue 1A.
Each of the ballot styles also presents its own unique slate of school board candidates pertaining to the various school districts within Ouray County. The City of Ouray ballot additionally presents choices for mayor and city council.
"Your address determines which ballot style you will get," Nauer said.
How and when to vote
Residents can fill out their ballots at leisure in their own homes and either mail or bring them back to the courthouse. Ballots must be received at the Ouray County Courthouse no later than 7 p.m. Nov. 5. Postmarks will not count.
In-person voting at the Ouray County Courthouse will also be available during the week leading up to the election. "If you didn't get a ballot by mail, you can come in and vote," Nauer said.
Blue books presenting information about the state and county ballot questions have been mailed to all county residents and are also available at the courthouse.
Nauer encourages residents to verify that their voter registration record is up-to-date by checking the Colorado Secretary of State's website, govotecolorado.com.
For more information, call Nauer at the Ouray County Courthouse at 970/325-4961.
Important dates to remember:
All registered voters in Ouray County will receive ballots by mail, be sent out starting Tuesday, Oct. 15.
If your Coordinated Election ballot does not arrive by Monday, Oct. 28, call the Ouray County Clerk and Recorder's office at 970/325-4961. This is also the last day to submit a change of address online at govotecolorado.com for the 2013 coordinated election. After this date, you can change your address in person at your county's election office or a voter service and polling center through election day.
Election Day is Tuesday, Nov. 5. Polls will be open from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m.


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Much has changed about the recording industry in the last decade – digital has overtaken physical, streaming is passing up downloading, and singles are beating out albums. But fall is still the season for big artists on big labels to roll out their new albums, in hope of catching a holiday windfall. This year is no exception, with new albums expected from Eminem, Drake, Lady Gaga, Katy Perry and Arcade Fire. Here's a rundown of some of the most anticipated new releases:
Hip-hop and R&B
Janelle Monae, "The Electric Lady" (Sept. 10): The singer won accolades for her 2010 debut, "The ArchAndroid." Now she's enlisted some heavy hitters for the follow-up, including Prince, Solange and Erykah Badu.
2 Chainz, "B.O.A.T.S. II: Me Time" (Sept. 10): We'll believe it when we hear it, but the Southern party-rap hustler promises some rare introspection to break up the celebratory boasts and come-ons.
Drake, "Nothing Was the Same" (Sept. 24): After two best-selling albums, the Toronto rapper is calling in heavy hitters such as Jay Z and Lil Wayne.
Eminem, "The Marshall Mathers LP 2" (Nov. 5): The sequel to the rapper's acclaimed and divisive 2000 album, "The Marshall Mathers LP," lists power players Dr. Dre and Rick Rubin as executive producers, with a Rubin-produced single, "Berzerk," leading the way.
MIA, "Matangi" (Nov. 5): The Sri Lankan electro-rap provocateur aimed to have this album out nearly a year ago, and now it's finally ready to go.
Lady Gaga, "ARTPOP" (Nov. 11): The single "Applause" ushered in the media onslaught for Gaga's fourth album.
R. Kelly, "Black Panties" (Nov. 11): After a couple of "dusties"-style, retro-soul dance albums, the singer promises to bring the bump and grind once more.
MGMT, "MGMT" (Sept. 17): Andrew VanWyngarden and Ben Goldwasser return with their third album, coproduced by longtime collaborator Dave Fridmann. It includes a cover of '60s psychedelic obscurity "Introspection."
Elvis Costello and the Roots, "Wise Up Ghost" (Sept. 17): After bonding on "Late Night with Jimmy Fallon," Costello and Fallon's house band, the brilliant hip-hop group the Roots, decided to take things a step further with a boundary-bashing collaboration.
Kings of Leon, "Mechanical Bull" (Sept. 24): The band of brothers has had its share of squabbles in recent years, but after taking a year off they've reconvened for their fifth album.
HAIM, "Days Are Gone" (Sept. 30): Three sisters debut by showcasing influences from "Rumours"-era Fleetwood Mac to heavy metal.
Paul McCartney, "New" (Oct. 15): At 71, the ex-Beatles bassist shows no signs of slowing down. He's set to release a dozen tracks from recording sessions with Mark Ronson, Ethan Johns and Adele collaborator Paul Epworth, among others.
Pearl Jam, "Lightning Bolt" (Oct. 15): The Seattle quintet's first album in four years was once again recorded with producer Brendan O'Brien.
Arcade Fire, "Reflektor" (Oct. 29): How to follow up "The Suburbs," which won Grammy album of the year? The Montreal band aimed high by recording tracks with LCD Soundsystem's James Murphy.
Jack Johnson, "From Here To Now To You" (Sept. 17): The Gen X answer to Jimmy Buffett promises – surprise! -- more mellow beach grooves on his sixth album.
Avicii, "True" (Sept. 17): The debut from one of the Swedish stars of electronic dance music includes a wide-ranging guest list, from Chic's Nile Rodgers to Imagine Dragons.
Elton John, "The Diving Board" (Sept. 24): T Bone Burnett produces the piano man's first studio album in seven years. It's a stripped-down affair, with longtime sidekick Bernie Taupin once again contributing lyrics.
Sting, "The Last Ship" (Sept. 24): Concept album? Broadway-influenced tunes? Yes, it's the new Sting opus, his first batch of original songs in a decade.
Icona Pop, "This is … Icona Pop" (Sept. 24): The Swedish duo finally follows up the mega hit "I Love It" with its first album.
Justin Timberlake, "The 20/20 Experience: 2 of 2" (Sept. 30): The sequel to "The 20/20 Experience," released earlier this year, includes more tracks from an epic recording session with producer Timbaland.
Miley Cyrus, "Bangerz" (Oct. 8): Hannah Montana, we hardly knew you. The 20-year-old singer continues the transition out of teen pop begun on the 2010 "Can't Be Tamed."
Katy Perry, "Prism" (Oct. 22): After the multimillion-selling success of her 2010 album, "Teenage Dream," the singer is ready to follow up with a new single, "Roar," leading the way.
Sheryl Crow, "Feels Like Home" (Sept. 10): Crow moved to Nashville from her longtime home of Los Angeles and refocuses on country music. Skeptics might accuse her of desperately trying to combat declining sales, but Crow's roots-based songwriting suits the transition.
Keith Urban, "Fuse" (Sept. 10): The Australian arena-country star is shaking up his sound with help from producer Mike Elizondo, who has worked with Fiona Apple, 50 Cent, Regina Spektor and Mastodon.
Alan Jackson, "The Bluegrass Album" (Sept. 24): A mix of originals and covers, including Bill Monroe's "Blue Moon of Kentucky," informs this homage to the high-and-lonesome tradition.
Willie Nelson, "To All the Girls …" (Sept. 24): At age 80, the honky-tonk icon has been as prolific as ever, with his third album in 16 months. This one focuses on duets with Dolly Parton, Rosanne Cash, Carrie Underwood, Loretta Lynn, Miranda Lambert and Mavis Staples, among others.

subset: commoncrawl


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Mouse Pad
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Three Octagon projects shortlisted for the Discovery Sport Industry Awards 2014
Octagon is proud to announce that three of its projects have been shortlisted for the
Discovery Sport Industry Awards 2014
, which will reward the past year's most outstanding work in
marketing, PR, advertising, community investment
. 6 Nov 2013
Read more >>
Octagon named Best in Corporate Consulting, Marketing and Client Services
Agency earns top recognition at Sports Business Journal Awards ceremony
3 Jul 2013
Read more >>
Mo Farah teams up with Octagon
And sets out to 'Mo-bilize' Britain
30 Jan 2013
Read more >>
Saying it all - the Williams sisters on their Breaking the Mould Africa tour
While Serena may have beaten her sister Venus in two sets (6-3; 6-4) in their first match played on SA turf, they both won the hearts of everyone at Ellis Park Indoor Arena (Sunday 04 November 2012). This latest win for Serena means she's won 14 of the 25 games where they've gone head to head.
7 Dec 2012
Read more >>
Navratilova signs with Octagon
Martina Navratilova, one of the most successful tennis players of the modern era, has signed with sports and entertainment management agency, Octagon. 7 Nov 2012
Read more >>
Welcome to the Williams sisters
Ellis Park Indoor Arena will once more 'Break the Mould' this coming Sunday.
1 Nov 2012
Read more >>
Breaking The Mould - Williams sisters exhibition tennis match tickets on sale 21 September
International tennis stars, Serena and Venus Williams will 'Break the Mould' when they challenge one another on South African soil for the first time. 18 Sep 2012
Read more >>
Williams sisters champion 'Breaking The Mould' campaign in SA
International tennis stars Venus and Serena Williams are visiting South Africa in early November 2012 to launch the Breaking the Mould (BTM) campaign. In addition to lending their support to this important initiative, the sisters will attend a gala dinner at Montecasino, Gauteng and play an exciting exhibition tennis match at Johannesburg's Ellis Park arena for fans of all ages. 15 Sep 2012
Read more >>
SA first - 'Breaking the Mould' Awards Dinner hosted by Serena and Venus Williams
Meet The Williams sisters and local 'Mould Breakers' at the inaugural BTM Gala dinner to be held at Montecasino on Saturday 3rd November 2012. This black-tie affair will reward and acknowledge women making a difference; inspire dinner goers with enjoyable rhetoric and raise funds for Wheelchair Tennis through the chosen beneficiary the SA Sports Trust (a Section 18a organisation). 12 Sep 2012
Read more >>
Octagon wins new business with MasterCard and Toyota
An exciting period begins for Octagon South Africa, one of the world's largest Sports Marketing and entertainment consultancies, as the agency announces two new accounts: sponsorship management and consultancy for leading payment solutions group, MasterCard Worldwide in South Africa and management of Toyota's Free State Cheetahs sponsorship. 5 Apr 2011
Read more >>
MTN and Octagon scoop Best Sponsorship of a Sport Event at inaugural Sport Industry Awards
One of the world's largest sports marketing firms, Octagon Marketing lived up to its global status when Octagon South Africa and client MTN SA won Best Sponsorship of a Sport Event for MTN's sponsorship of the 2010 FIFA World Cup at the inaugural Virgin Active Sport Industry Awards held at Emperor's Palace last night. 18 Feb 2011
Read more >>
Octagon client, Kevin Anderson, reaches a career high ATP ranking following his SA Open win
South African tennis star and Octagon client
Kevin Anderson
captured his first ATP World Tour title on Sunday at the South African Open in Johannesburg. Anderson defeated India's Somdev Devvarman to become the first native winner of the tournament since 1989. With this triumph, the 24-year-old moved up to a career-high No. 40 on the South African Airways 2011 ATP rankings. 9 Feb 2011
Read more >>
Octagon names Simon Wardle Chief Strategy Officer
Research expert to drive agency's thought leadership worldwide. 21 Jan 2011
Read more >>
New Octagon study reveals
Brazil sports fans are fans
According to Qondisa Ngwenya, Octagon South Africa Managing Director, following the emotional connections sports fans have with players is a key to marketing success in Brazil for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. 2 Dec 2010
Read more >>
Octagon expands Brazil footprint by acquiring vereran sports marketing firm B2S
New York, NY/Rio De Janeiro, BRAZIL - Sept. 9, 2010
- Octagon Africa's head, Qondisa Ngwenya, is pleased to announce that Octagon, the world's largest sports and entertainment consulting and activation practice, has expanded its South American footprint by acquiring B2S, the veteran Rio de Janeiro-based sports marketing firm with offices in Rio and Sao Paulo. The move dramatically strengthens Octagon's client service offering for both marketing and sports representation in light of Brazil's ascendancy as the "capital" of sports as host of the FIFA World Cup 2014 and the 2016 Olympic Summer Games. 9 Sep 2010
Read more >>
Octagon Marketing sets FIFA World Cup activation records
We managed
FIFA World Cup Clients than any agency in South Africa ...a record six partner activations including
A-B InBev, Coca-Cola, Powerade, Kia, MTN and SONY. 7 Sep 2010
Read more >>
Octagon's football clients winning in 'the marketing pitch'
Marketing activation for big events can be challenging. On the scale of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, it is an experience like no other. Just ask Octagon's Senior Vice President Clay Smith, who leads sponsorship activation for his agency's client portfolio that includes brand leaders: Budweiser, The Coca-Cola Company, FIFA-AUB sub-Saharan broadcasts, Kia, MTN, Powerade and Sony. 30 Jun 2010
Read more >>
Engen brings Christmas cheer to the kids of Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital Burns Unit
It was smiles all around at the fourth annual Engen Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital Christmas Party on 2 December 2008. Forty young VIP guests made up of predominantly out-patients and supported by parents, staff and social workers were all in attendance and in good cheer as they celebrated this annual event. 12 Dec 2008
Read more >>
Countdown to Engen Dynamic Cycle Challenge
Excitement mounts as the final preparations are in full swing for the second Engen Dynamic Cycle Challenge, taking place with the beautiful backdrop of Nelson's Creek Wine Estate in Wellington on Saturday 11 October, 2008. (Proceedings kick off at 07h00.) 9 Oct 2008
Read more >>
Octagon athlete clients combine to win 37 medals
As the 2008 Beijing Olympics came to an end on Sunday, Octagon-represented athletes delivered impressive results throughout the competition highlighted by several historic performances. 27 Aug 2008
Read more >>
Engen contributes to safe cycling in South Africa
Petroleum Giant Engen has announced its intention to support the Life Development Cycling Academy's Safe Cycle Programme, an initiative designed to teach basic cycling skills to children at primary school level, which will be carried out in disadvantaged communities in the Western Cape and Gauteng. 25 Aug 2008
Read more >>
Octagon clients garner three more medals
After the third full day of Olympic competition, Octagon's clients continue to make headlines led by swimmers
Michael Phelps
Natalie Coughlin
. Octagon has now garnered 11 total medals which is good enough for fourth place in the overall medal count among countries. 14 Aug 2008
Read more >>
2008 Engen Knock Out Challenge: The best of U17's football action
For the fifth consecutive year, petroleum giant Engen plans to fuel the hearts and minds of passionate football fans in South Africa with the staging of the annual Engen Knock Out Challenge, where the best of under 17's football action will be on display during the months of June and July. 4 Jul 2008
Read more >>
Local hero wins Engen Dynamic Cycle Challenge
Pietermartizburg local, Bradley Potgieter (MTN Energade, U23) took overall first place at the inaugural Engen Dynamic Cycle Challenge held in Pietermartizburg on Sunday, 29 June 2008 at the Harry Gwala Stadium, finishing the 106km route in a time of 02:42:58. 1 Jul 2008
Read more >>
Engen to kickstart Dynamic Cycle Challenge in PMB
Sunday 29 June 2008 marks a historic date for Engen as it presents the first of the Engen Dynamic Cycle Challenge events, in partnership with Velokhaya, at the Harry Gwala Stadium in Pietermaritzburg, 'the Bikers City for Africa'. 18 Jun 2008
Read more >>
Octagon named Sports Agency of the Year by
Sports Business Journal
Octagon was named "Sports Agency of the Year" by industry trade publication
Sports Business Journal
at its inaugural awards event held in New York. 17 Jun 2008
Read more >>
Octagon ventures into new retail territory
Octagon, South Africa's foremost sponsorship marketing company, has been appointed by leading retailer, Ackermans to provide strategic sponsorship consulting, event management and media/PR services to Ackermans' key brands. This agreement marks a significant step in the history of Octagon South Africa as it for the first time enters the retail industry. 16 Jul 2006
Read more >>
Octagon remains at forefront of 2010 FIFA World Cup consulting
With South Africa set to stage the FIFA World Cup in 2010, Octagon, South Africa's leading sponsorship marketing company, has selected eight staff members to travel to the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany in an effort to remain at the forefront of football sponsorship consulting and activation. 8 Jun 2006
Read more >>
Octagon takes Colab on tour
Coca-Cola Colab 'Live on Tour' hit the South African highways in November last year, with the purpose of taking the best of South African music to the people. Coca-Cola appointed Octagon, one of the world's leading sports, music and entertainment marketing companies, to make it all happen. 12 May 2006
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New study pinpoints the passions that drive South African sports fans
A new research study conducted by Octagon reveals for the first time the key factors that ignite the passion South Africans have for their preferred sports. The unique Passion DriversTM research provides marketers with quantifiable data providing fascinating insights into the emotional connections and affinity consumers have with sports. Knowing "why fans are fans" better enables sponsors to create more compelling, targeted and cost-effective sports marketing campaigns. 4 Apr 2006
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Octagon South Africa welcomes Soto Ndukwana
At a cocktail function held at the Radisson Hotel in Cape Town on 28 March 2006, Chris Bruwer, Group Managing Director of sponsorship marketing agency Octagon South Africa, welcomed Soto Ndukwana as the new Chairman of the group. Simultaneously, the group bid a fond farewell to outgoing Chairman, Stewart Banner, who finally hangs up his entrepreneur's sprinting spikes after twelve years. 29 Mar 2006
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Octagon concludes BEE deal
Wednesday, 1st June 2005 saw the final conclusion of the Octagon Marketing Black Economic Empowerment deal with a consortium consisting of six prominent black businessmen. Octagon is the market leader in the South African sports, entertainment and sponsorship marketing arena, and the conclusion of the deal is estimated at R24 million. 1 Jun 2005
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The Pew Charitable Trusts is driven by the power of knowledge to solve today's most challenging problems. Pew applies a rigorous, analytical approach to improve public policy, inform the public and stimulate civic life.
May 28, 2008
Despite a significant increase in news coverage of John McCain last week, Barack Obama remained by far the most visible candidate in the eyes of the public. Fully half of the public said Obama was the candidate they had heard the most about in the news recently, while only 8% said they had heard the most about the presumptive GOP nominee.
McCain was featured prominently in 41% of all campaign news last week, according to the Project for Excellence in Journalism's Campaign Coverage Index. That is still significantly less than the amount of coverage devoted to Obama - 62% of the campaign newshole - but is more coverage than McCain has received in any week since February's Super Tuesday primaries.
Much of the week's coverage of McCain dealt with two specific events: the release of the senator's medical records and the controversy surrounding two ministers who had endorsed him.
Neither of these events registered widely with the public. Just 18% heard a lot about McCain releasing his medical records; roughly the same proportion (22%) heard a lot about the controversial comments made by two prominent evangelical pastors who supported McCain, and McCain's subsequent disavowal of that support. By contrast, fully 55% heard a lot about Barack Obama gaining a majority of the pledged delegates from the Democratic presidential primaries.
Overall, the national news media devoted 37% of its coverage to the presidential campaign, making it by far the most heavily covered news story of the week. News that U.S. Senator Ted Kennedy was diagnosed with a cancerous brain tumor also drew considerable coverage (8% of all news coverage).
Read the full report Greater Coverage of McCain, But Public Still Focused on Obama on the Pew Research Center for the People & the Press Web site.
The Pew Health Group's new Web site informs and engages people about issues that affect their health and well-being.
Spring 2012
Read articles on improving elections, the changing news environment, improving school lunch standards, and more.
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Introducing NVIDIA GameWorks™
NVIDIA GameWorks™ pushes the limits of gaming by providing a more interactive and cinematic game experience and thus enabling next gen gaming for current games. We provide technologies e.g. PhysX and VisualFX, which are easy to integrate into games as well as tutorials and tools to quickly generate game content. In addition we also provide tools to debug, profile and optimize your code.
Upcoming Technology
NVIDIA FlameWorks enables cinematic smoke, fire and explosions. It combines a state-of-the-art grid based fluid simulator with an efficient volume rendering engine. The system is highly customizable, and supports user-defined emitters, force fields, and collision objects
PhysX FleX is a particle based simulation technique for real-time visual effects. It will be introduced as a new feature in the upcoming PhysX SDK v3.4. The FleX pipeline encapsulates a highly parallel constraint solver that exploits the GPU's compute capabilities effectively.
NVIDIA GameWorks technology in released games
Call of Duty: Ghosts is using NVIDIA HairWorks to provide a more realistic Riley and wolves. Each hair asset has about 400-500K hair strands. Most of these hair assets are created on the fly inside the GPU from roughly 10K guide hairs. Additional technologies used in the game are NVIDIA Turbulence for the smoke bombs, as well as TXAA.
Batman Arkham Origins is loaded with NVIDIA GameWorks technologies; NVIDIA Turbulence for the snow, steam/fog and shock gloves as well as PhysX Cloth for ambient cloth. In addition NVIDIA ShadowWorks for HBAO+ and advanced soft shadows and NVIDIA CameraWorks for TXAA and DoF.
NVIDIA GameWorks Developer Tools
NVIDIA GameWorks provides the development tools developers need. Products such as NVIDIA Nsight, Visual Studio Edition are available for both GeForce and Tegra product lines, giving developers the tools they need to quickly and easily optimize game titles for both desktop and mobile. NVIDIA GameWorks provides improved integration, documentation and learning materials.
NVIDIA GameWorks Availability
Portions of NVIDIA GameWorks technologies are already available, see table below. We are working on several updated versions and new content, which will be available for GDC, so stay tuned.
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Apprenticeships: a Model For Library School?
10/03/2011 § 21 Comments
Hack Library School welcomes a guest post from Julia Glassman, who has an interesting perspective on the "theory vs. practice" conversation. Julia is finishing her second quarter of library school at UCLA. She's interested in information literacy, cataloging and metadata, and incorporating alternative media into library collections, and hopes to someday work in an undergraduate library. You can see her other publications at her website.
Last summer, I had the pleasure of visiting my sister-in-law at the Center for Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems at UC Santa Cruz, where she was working as an apprentice in the Ecological Horticulture program. As a gardener and a sustainable food fan, I couldn't help but wonder if she was living the perfect life: her mornings were spent in classes, learning the ins and outs of lettuces and strawberries and other tasty things, and in the afternoons, she worked on the program's 25-acre farm. After a communal dinner in a cabin overlooking the ocean, the apprentices would retire to the large tents that served as living quarters during their six month stay.
I am very jealous of my sister-in-law. (Maybe I'd eventually get tired of the tent thing, but from here in my apartment in L.A., it sounds like heaven.) In addition to being totally romantic, though, CASFS's apprenticeship program illustrates an important pedagogical issue that's often talked about, but too seldom implemented: placing a premium on practical experience over classroom learning. The program consists of 300 hours of coursework and 700 hours of experience – a ratio that could provide a interesting model for the MLIS degree.
In 1972, sociologist Howard S. Becker bluntly stated in his essay "A School is a Lousy Place to Learn Anything In" that although learners in both classrooms and on-the-job training experience problems with their education, the latter "is more likely to produce educational successes" (103). Although coursework has a lot to offer students, and makes up for deficiencies in practical training, students lose out when they have to rely solely on lectures and readings to gain knowledge. (Interesting note: I first read this essay when it was assigned, for our first class session, by one of my professors here in library school.) Luckily for me, I'm attending a program that has a strong internship component – but many programs produce graduates who have little, if any, practical experience. This over-emphasis on classes leads to problems with the quality of students' education: many courses are so broad (or so easy) that only a fraction of the material will be useful to any one student, and even when the entirety of a course is useful, if we don't have an immediate chance to put the material to use, we start forgetting particulars as soon as the course ends. It also leads to problems in the real world, when graduates try to find jobs in a glutted market without any experience in a library. (Warning: the link will ruin your day.) Librarians I've talked to sigh at applications from candidates with plenty of abstract knowledge, but zero on-the-job training.


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LINCOLN — He's already at 98 tackles — 14 of them for loss. He won the NFL's Rookie of the Month award Thursday, and he'll spearhead the defense's December march toward the playoffs.
Observers in Tampa are already penciling in Lavonte David as a long-term star for the Buccaneers. A potential heir to the Derrick Brooks throne. The former Nebraska All-American has already done in the NFL what he did last year for the Huskers. Sense. Seek. Attack.
And yet here is NU heading into the Big Ten championship ranked 21 spots higher nationally in total defense than it was a year ago this week. Here is an NU defense without David, Patriots starting corner Alfonzo Dennard and Texans tackle Jared Crick that's not merely holding up to the 2011 squad, but surpassing it.
"We're a smarter defense," linebacker Will Compton said. "We've been in the system longer. We've got more veteran guys. The work we put in during the off-season, the leadership."
There are fewer eye-popping individual plays like the ones David made. There are also more sacks. More takeaways. Better rush defense since the 63-38 loss to Ohio State. And, yes, worse Big Ten offenses; five of NU's league opponents were ranked 80th or worse in total offense.
But most of all, Compton said, there's simply a chemistry and understanding of what the defense can be on a given play. A cohesion epitomized by three senior linebackers in Compton, Sean Fisher and Alonzo Whaley.
They've grown in the program together and have become friends off the field. They've each battled injuries until this year when, crucially, they've all been healthy, linebackers coach Ross Els said.
And Whaley said they've come to grasp how meticulous coach Bo Pelini is about the role, and how detailed he needs them to be. The linebackers make plays, but maybe not for the same reasons David could so easily make them on instinct and talent.
"It's about making sure that we understand the offenses that we go against and not just relying on our ability to get the job done," Whaley said.
Whaley's interception late in the Iowa game was an example.
As the 36-30 loss to UCLA showed, Whaley's strong suit isn't covering tight ends and running backs in the slot. He even volunteered to come off the field against certain offenses. But he stayed on the field as the Hawkeyes muddled through their two-minute drill, and he found himself covering a tight end.
Pelini had twice called a heavy middle blitz that not only pressured Iowa quarterback James Vandenberg to throw quickly, but reduced Whaley's exposure to coverage. On that blitz, Whaley's job was to sit on a short slant route that would inevitably become Vandenberg's hot read. Whaley had to trust it would happen as Pelini said it would. If he didn't, the pass would be an easy gain.
"I knew the ball had to come out fast, so I knew it wouldn't be a deep route by any means," Whaley said.
Whaley waited on the pass, jumped in front and ended Iowa's final scoring threat. It was another chapter in the development of a player left off the 2011 fall camp roster. David started in game one of his two-year career and rarely left the field after that. Whaley has bounced in and out of the lineup and come back for more.
"He's all about winning football games," Pelini said. "What he never did was he never turned tail and went the other way. He continued to work hard and prepare himself to get better."
And Pelini wants more. Despite holding Iowa to 200 total yards and seven points, Pelini wasn't particularly pleased with how his linebackers played. He didn't care what the statistics said. On Monday, he even stopped Compton in the hallway of the Memorial Stadium press box to tell him things had to be — and would be — fixed, particularly on Compton's end.
Five years in, Nebraska's veteran players are still learning.
"We chase perfection," Compton said. "Even though you never reach it. But there's always another level you can reach, and there's always a standard that you hold yourself to. (Pelini's) seen the way we're capable of playing multiple times and he holds us to that standard. That's what we chase."
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Data warehouse
In computing, a data warehouse (DW, DWH), or an enterprise data warehouse (EDW), is a database used for reporting and data analysis. Integrating data from one or more disparate sources creates a central repository of data, a data warehouse (DW). Data warehouses store current and historical data and are used for creating trending reports for senior management reporting such as annual and quarterly comparisons.
The data stored in the warehouse is uploaded from the operational systems (such as marketing, sales, etc., shown in the figure to the right). The data may pass through an operational data store for additional operations before it is used in the DW for reporting.
The typical extract-transform-load (ETL)-based data warehouse uses staging, data integration, and access layers to house its key functions. The staging layer or staging database stores raw data extracted from each of the disparate source data systems. The integration layer integrates the disparate data sets by transforming the data from the staging layer often storing this transformed data in an operational data store (ODS) database. The integrated data are then moved to yet another database, often called the data warehouse database, where the data is arranged into hierarchical groups often called dimensions and into facts and aggregate facts. The combination of facts and dimensions is sometimes called a star schema. The access layer helps users retrieve data.[1]
A data warehouse constructed from integrated data source systems does not require ETL, staging databases, or operational data store databases. The integrated data source systems may be considered to be a part of a distributed operational data store layer. Data federation methods or data virtualization methods may be used to access the distributed integrated source data systems to consolidate and aggregate data directly into the data warehouse database tables. Unlike the ETL-based data warehouse, the integrated source data systems and the data warehouse are all integrated since there is no transformation of dimensional or reference data. This integrated data warehouse architecture supports the drill down from the aggregate data of the data warehouse to the transactional data of the integrated source data systems.
A data mart is a small data warehouse focused on a specific area of interest. Data warehouses can be subdivided into data marts for improved performance and ease of use within that area. Alternatively, an organization can create one or more data marts as first steps towards a larger and more complex enterprise data warehouse.
This definition of the data warehouse focuses on data storage. The main source of the data is cleaned, transformed, cataloged and made available for use by managers and other business professionals for data mining, online analytical processing, market research and decision support (Marakas & O'Brien 2009). However, the means to retrieve and analyze data, to extract, transform and load data, and to manage the data dictionary are also considered essential components of a data warehousing system. Many references to data warehousing use this broader context. Thus, an expanded definition for data warehousing includes business intelligence tools, tools to extract, transform and load data into the repository, and tools to manage and retrieve metadata.
- 1 Benefits of a data warehouse
- 2 Generic data warehouse environment
- 3 History
- 4 Information storage
- 5 Top-down versus bottom-up design methodologies
- 6 Data warehouses versus operational systems
- 7 Evolution in organization use
- 8 See also
- 9 References
- 10 Further reading
- 11 External links
Benefits of a data warehouse[edit]
A data warehouse maintains a copy of information from the source transaction systems. This architectural complexity provides the opportunity to :
- Congregate data from multiple sources into a single database so a single query engine can be used to present data.
- Mitigate the problem of database isolation level lock contention in transaction processing systems caused by attempts to run large, long running, analysis queries in transaction processing databases.
- Maintain data history, even if the source transaction systems do not.
- Integrate data from multiple source systems, enabling a central view across the enterprise. This benefit is always valuable, but particularly so when the organization has grown by merger.
- Improve data quality, by providing consistent codes and descriptions, flagging or even fixing bad data.
- Present the organization's information consistently.
- Provide a single common data model for all data of interest regardless of the data's source.
- Restructure the data so that it makes sense to the business users.
- Restructure the data so that it delivers excellent query performance, even for complex analytic queries, without impacting the operational systems.
- Add value to operational business applications, notably customer relationship management (CRM) systems.
- Making decision–support queries easier to write.
Generic data warehouse environment[edit]
The environment for data warehouses and marts includes the following:
- Source systems that provide data to the warehouse or mart;
- Data integration technology and processes that are needed to prepare the data for use;
- Different architectures for storing data in an organization's data warehouse or data marts;
- Different tools and applications for the variety of users;
- Metadata, data quality, and governance processes must be in place to ensure that the warehouse or mart meets its purposes.
In regards to source systems listed above, Rainer states, "A common source for the data in data warehouses is the company's operational databases, which can be relational databases".[2]
Regarding data integration, Rainer states, "It is necessary to extract data from source systems, transform them, and load them into a data mart or warehouse".[2]
Rainer discusses storing data in an organization's data warehouse or data marts.".[2]
Metadata are data about data. "IT personnel need information about data sources; database, table, and column names; refresh schedules; and data usage measures".[2]
Today, the most successful companies are those that can respond quickly and flexibly to market changes and opportunities. A key to this response is the effective and efficient use of data and information by analysts and managers.[2] A "data warehouse" is a repository of historical data that are organized by subject to support decision makers in the organization.[2] Once data are stored in a data mart or warehouse, they can be accessed.
The concept of data warehousing dates back to the late 1980s[3] when IBM researchers Barry Devlin and Paul Murphy developed the "business data warehouse". In essence, the data warehousing concept was intended to provide an architectural model for the flow of data from operational systems to decision support environments. The concept attempted to address the various problems associated with this flow, mainly the high costs associated with it. In the absence of a data warehousing architecture, an enormous amount of redundancy was required to support multiple decision support environments. In larger corporations it was typical for multiple decision support environments to operate independently. Though each environment served different users, they often required much of the same stored data. The process of gathering, cleaning and integrating data from various sources, usually from long-term existing operational systems (usually referred to as legacy systems), was typically in part replicated for each environment. Moreover, the operational systems were frequently reexamined as new decision support requirements emerged. Often new requirements necessitated gathering, cleaning and integrating new data from "data marts" that were tailored for ready access by users.
Key developments in early years of data warehousing were:
- 1960s — General Mills and Dartmouth College, in a joint research project, develop the terms dimensions and facts.[4]
- 1970s — ACNielsen and IRI provide dimensional data marts for retail sales.[4]
- 1970s — Bill Inmon begins to define and discuss the term: Data Warehouse
- 1975 — Sperry Univac introduces MAPPER (MAintain, Prepare, and Produce Executive Reports) is a database management and reporting system that includes the world's first 4GL. It was the first platform designed for building Information Centers (a forerunner of contemporary Enterprise Data Warehousing platforms)
- 1983 — Teradata introduces a database management system specifically designed for decision support.
- 1983 — Sperry Corporation Martyn Richard Jones defines the Sperry Information Center approach, which while not being a true DW in the Inmon sense, did contain many of the characteristics of DW structures and process as defined previously by Inmon, and later by Devlin. First used at the TSB England & Wales
- 1984 — Metaphor Computer Systems, founded by David Liddle and Don Massaro, releases Data Interpretation System (DIS). DIS was a hardware/software package and GUI for business users to create a database management and analytic system.
- 1988 — Barry Devlin and Paul Murphy publish the article An architecture for a business and information system in IBM Systems Journal where they introduce the term "business data warehouse".
- 1990 — Red Brick Systems, founded by Ralph Kimball, introduces Red Brick Warehouse, a database management system specifically for data warehousing.
- 1991 — Prism Solutions, founded by Bill Inmon, introduces Prism Warehouse Manager, software for developing a data warehouse.
- 1992 — Bill Inmon publishes the book Building the Data Warehouse.[5]
- 1995 — The Data Warehousing Institute, a for-profit organization that promotes data warehousing, is founded.
- 1996 — Ralph Kimball publishes the book The Data Warehouse Toolkit.[6]
- 2000 — Daniel Linstedt releases the Data Vault, enabling real time auditable Data Warehouses warehouse.
Information storage[edit]
A fact is a value or measurement, which represents a fact about the managed entity or system.
Facts as reported by the reporting entity are said to be at raw level.
E.g. if a BTS received 1,000 requests for traffic channel allocation, it allocates for 820 and rejects the remaining then it would report 3 facts or measurements to a management system:
- tch_req_total = 1000
- tch_req_success = 820
- tch_req_fail = 180
Facts at raw level are further aggregated to higher levels in various dimensions to extract more service or business-relevant information out of it. These are called aggregates or summaries or aggregated facts.
E.g. if there are 3 BTSs in a city, then facts above can be aggregated from BTS to city level in network dimension. E.g.
Dimensional vs. normalized approach for storage of data[edit]
There are three or more leading approaches to storing data in a data warehouse — the most important approaches are the dimensional approach and the normalized approach.
The dimensional approach, whose supporters are referred to as "Kimballites", believe in Ralph Kimball's approach in which it is stated that the data warehouse should be modeled using a Dimensional Model/star schema. The normalized approach, also called the 3NF model (Third Normal Form), whose supporters are referred to as "Inmonites", believe in Bill Inmon's approach in which it is stated that the data warehouse should be modeled using an E-R model/normalized model.
In a dimensional approach, transaction data are partitioned into "facts", which are generally numeric transaction data, and "dimensions", which are the reference information that gives context to the facts. For example, a sales transaction can be broken up into facts such as the number of products ordered and the price paid for the products, and into dimensions such as order date, customer name, product number, order ship-to and bill-to locations, and salesperson responsible for receiving the order.
A key advantage of a dimensional approach is that the data warehouse is easier for the user to understand and to use. Also, the retrieval of data from the data warehouse tends to operate very quickly.[citation needed] Dimensional structures are easy to understand for business users, because the structure is divided into measurements/facts and context/dimensions. Facts are related to the organization's business processes and operational system whereas the dimensions surrounding them contain context about the measurement (Kimball, Ralph 2008).
The main disadvantages of the dimensional approach are the following:
- In order to maintain the integrity of facts and dimensions, loading the data warehouse with data from different operational systems is complicated.
- It is difficult to modify the data warehouse structure if the organization adopting the dimensional approach changes the way in which it does business.
In the normalized approach, the data in the data warehouse are stored following, to a degree, database normalization rules. Tables are grouped together by subject areas that reflect general data categories (e.g., data on customers, products, finance, etc.). The normalized structure divides data into entities, which creates several tables in a relational database. When applied in large enterprises the result is dozens of tables that are linked together by a web of joins. Furthermore, each of the created entities is converted into separate physical tables when the database is implemented (Kimball, Ralph 2008)[citation needed]. The main advantage of this approach is that it is straightforward to add information into the database. Some disadvantages of this approach are that, because of the number of tables involved, it can be difficult for users to join data from different sources into meaningful information and to access the information without a precise understanding of the sources of data and of the data structure of the data warehouse.
It should be noted that both normalized and dimensional models can be represented in entity-relationship diagrams as both contain joined relational tables. The difference between the two models is the degree of normalization (also known as Normal Forms).
These approaches are not mutually exclusive, and there are other approaches. Dimensional approaches can involve normalizing data to a degree (Kimball, Ralph 2008).
In Information-Driven Business,[7] Robert Hillard proposes an approach to comparing the two approaches based on the information needs of the business problem. The technique shows that normalized models hold far more information than their dimensional equivalents (even when the same fields are used in both models) but this extra information comes at the cost of usability. The technique measures information quantity in terms of Information Entropy and usability in terms of the Small Worlds data transformation measure.[8]
Top-down versus bottom-up design methodologies[edit]
|This section appears to be written like an advertisement. (November 2012)
Bottom-up design[edit]
Ralph Kimball,[9] designed an approach to data warehouse design known as bottom-up.[10]
In the bottom-up approach, data marts are first created to provide reporting and analytical capabilities for specific business processes.
Data marts contain, primarily, dimensions and facts. Facts can contain either atomic data and, if necessary, summarized data. The single data mart often models a specific business area such as "Sales" or "Production." These data marts can eventually be integrated to create a comprehensive data warehouse. The data warehouse bus architecture is primarily an implementation of "the bus", a collection of conformed dimensions and conformed facts, which are dimensions that are shared (in a specific way) between facts in two or more data marts.
The integration of the data marts in the data warehouse is centered on the conformed dimensions (residing in "the bus") that define the possible integration "points" between data marts. The actual integration of two or more data marts is then done by a process known as "Drill across". A drill-across works by grouping (summarizing) the data along the keys of the (shared) conformed dimensions of each fact participating in the "drill across" followed by a join on the keys of these grouped (summarized) facts.
Maintaining tight management over the data warehouse bus architecture is fundamental to maintaining the integrity of the data warehouse. The most important management task is making sure dimensions among data marts are consistent.
Business value can be returned as quickly as the first data marts can be created, and the method lends itself well to an exploratory and iterative approach to building data warehouses. For example, the data warehousing effort might start in the "Sales" department, by building a Sales-data mart. Upon completion of the Sales-data mart, the business might then decide to expand the warehousing activities into the, say, "Production department" resulting in a Production data mart. The requirement for the Sales data mart and the Production data mart to be integrable, is that they share the same "Bus", that will be, that the data warehousing team has made the effort to identify and implement the conformed dimensions in the bus, and that the individual data marts links that information from the bus. The Sales-data mart is good as it is (assuming that the bus is complete) and the Production-data mart can be constructed virtually independent of the Sales-data mart (but not independent of the Bus).
If integration via the bus is achieved, the data warehouse, through its two data marts, will not only be able to deliver the specific information that the individual data marts are designed to do, in this example either "Sales" or "Production" information, but can deliver integrated Sales-Production information, which, often, is of critical business value.
Top-down design[edit]
Bill Inmon, has defined a data warehouse as a centralized repository for the entire enterprise.[11] The top-down approach is designed using a normalized enterprise data model. "Atomic" data, that is, data at the lowest level of detail, are stored in the data warehouse. Dimensional data marts containing data needed for specific business processes or specific departments are created from the data warehouse. In the Inmon vision, the data warehouse is at the center of the "Corporate Information Factory" (CIF), which provides a logical framework for delivering business intelligence (BI) and business management capabilities. Gartner released a research note confirming Inmon's definition in 2005[12] with additional clarity plus they added one additional attribute.
The data warehouse is:
- Subject-oriented
- The data in the data warehouse is organized so that all the data elements relating to the same real-world event or object are linked together.
- Non-volatile
- Data in the data warehouse are never over-written or deleted — once committed, the data are static, read-only, and retained for future reporting.
- Integrated
- The data warehouse contains data from most or all of an organization's operational systems and these data are made consistent.
- Time-variant
- For an operational system, the stored data contains the current value. The data warehouse, however, contains the history of data values.
- No virtualization
- A data warehouse is a physical repository.[12]
The top-down design methodology generates highly consistent dimensional views of data across data marts since all data marts are loaded from the centralized repository. Top-down design has also proven to be robust against business changes. Generating new dimensional data marts against the data stored in the data warehouse is a relatively simple task. The main disadvantage to the top-down methodology is that it represents a very large project with a very broad scope. The up-front cost for implementing a data warehouse using the top-down methodology is significant, and the duration of time from the start of project to the point that end users experience initial benefits can be substantial. In addition, the top-down methodology can be inflexible and unresponsive to changing departmental needs during the implementation phases.[11]
Hybrid design[edit]
Data warehouse (DW) solutions often resemble the hub and spokes architecture. Legacy systems feeding the DW/BI solution often include customer relationship management (CRM) and enterprise resource planning solutions (ERP), generating large amounts of data. To consolidate these various data models, and facilitate the extract transform load (ETL) process, DW solutions often make use of an operational data store (ODS). The information from the ODS is then parsed into the actual DW. To reduce data redundancy, larger systems will often store the data in a normalized way. Data marts for specific reports can then be built on top of the DW solution.
It is important to note that the DW database in a hybrid solution is kept on third normal form to eliminate data redundancy. A normal relational database however, is not efficient for business intelligence reports where dimensional modelling is prevalent. Small data marts can shop for data from the consolidated warehouse and use the filtered, specific data for the fact tables and dimensions required. The DW effectively provides a single source of information from which the data marts can read, creating a highly flexible solution from a BI point of view. The hybrid architecture allows a DW to be replaced with a master data management solution where operational, not static information could reside.
The Data Vault Modeling components follow hub and spokes architecture. This modeling style is a hybrid design, consisting of the best practices from both 3rd normal form and star schema. The Data Vault model is not a true 3rd normal form, and breaks some of the rules that 3NF dictates be followed. It is however, a top-down architecture with a bottom up design. The Data Vault model is geared to be strictly a data warehouse. It is not geared to be end-user accessible, which when built, still requires the use of a data mart or star schema based release area for business purposes.
Data warehouses versus operational systems[edit]
Operational systems are optimized for preservation of data integrity and speed of recording of business transactions through use of database normalization and an entity-relationship model. Operational system designers generally follow the Codd rules of database normalization in order to ensure data integrity. Codd defined five increasingly stringent rules of normalization. Fully normalized database designs (that is, those satisfying all five Codd rules) often result in information from a business transaction being stored in dozens to hundreds of tables. Relational databases are efficient at managing the relationships between these tables. The databases have very fast insert/update performance because only a small amount of data in those tables is affected each time a transaction is processed. Finally, in order to improve performance, older data are usually periodically purged from operational systems.
Evolution in organization use[edit]
These terms refer to the level of sophistication of a data warehouse:
- Offline operational data warehouse
- Data warehouses in this stage of evolution are updated on a regular time cycle (usually daily, weekly or monthly) from the operational systems and the data is stored in an integrated reporting-oriented data
- Offline data warehouse
- Data warehouses at this stage are updated from data in the operational systems on a regular basis and the data warehouse data are stored in a data structure designed to facilitate reporting.
- On time data warehouse
- Online Integrated Data Warehousing represent the real time Data warehouses stage data in the warehouse is updated for every transaction performed on the source data
- Integrated data warehouse
- These data warehouses assemble data from different areas of business, so users can look up the information they need across other systems.[13]
See also[edit]
- Accounting intelligence
- Anchor Modeling
- Business intelligence
- Business intelligence tools
- Data integration
- Data mart
- Data mining
- Data presentation architecture
- Data scraping
- Data warehouse appliance
- Database management system
- Decision support system
- Data Vault Modeling
- Executive information system
- Extract, transform, load
- Master data management
- Online analytical processing
- Online transaction processing
- Operational data store
- Semantic warehousing
- Snowflake schema
- Software as a service
- Star schema
- Slowly changing dimension
- ^ Patil, Preeti S.; Srikantha Rao; Suryakant B. Patil (2011). "Optimization of Data Warehousing System: Simplification in Reporting and Analysis". IJCA Proceedings on International Conference and workshop on Emerging Trends in Technology (ICWET) (Foundation of Computer Science) 9 (6): 33–37.
- ^ a b c d e f Rainer, R. Kelly (2012-05-01). Introduction to Information Systems: Enabling and Transforming Business, 4th Edition (Kindle Edition). Wiley. pp. 127, 128, 130, 131, 133.
- ^ "The Story So Far". 2002-04-15. Retrieved 2008-09-21.
- ^ a b Kimball 2002, pg. 16
- ^ Inmon, Bill (1992). Building the Data Warehouse. Wiley. ISBN 0-471-56960-7.
- ^ Kimball, Ralph (1996). The Data Warehouse Toolkit. Wiley. ISBN 0-471-15337-0.
- ^ Hillard, Robert (2010). Information-Driven Business. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-470-62577-4.
- ^ "Information Theory & Business Intelligence Strategy - Small Worlds Data Transformation Measure - MIKE2.0, the open source methodology for Information Development". Mike2.openmethodology.org. Retrieved 2013-06-14.
- ^ Kimball 2002, pg. 310
- ^ "The Bottom-Up Misnomer". 2003-09-17. Retrieved 2012-02-14.
- ^ a b Ericsson 2004, pp. 28–29
- ^ a b Gartner, Of Data Warehouses, Operational Data Stores, Data Marts and Data Outhouses, Dec 2005
- ^ "Data Warehouse".
Further reading[edit]
- Davenport, Thomas H. and Harris, Jeanne G. Competing on Analytics: The New Science of Winning (2007) Harvard Business School Press. ISBN 978-1-4221-0332-6
- Ganczarski, Joe. Data Warehouse Implementations: Critical Implementation Factors Study (2009) VDM Verlag ISBN 3-639-18589-7 ISBN 978-3-639-18589-8
- Kimball, Ralph and Ross, Margy. The Data Warehouse Toolkit Second Edition (2002) John Wiley and Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-20024-7
- Linstedt, Graziano, Hultgren. The Business of Data Vault Modeling Second Edition (2010) Dan linstedt, ISBN 978-1-4357-1914-9
- William Inmon. Building the Data Warehouse 2005) John Wiley and Sons, ISBN 978-8-1265-0645-3
External links[edit]
- Ralph Kimball articles
- International Journal of Computer Applications
- Data Warehouse Introduction
- Time to Reconsider the Data Warehouse (Global Association of Risk Professionals)


text:
There is some allowance in the valve. I would try installing your trim and see if it works as is.
Parts breakdown
This picture says thin wall but it gives you an idea of what is projecting from the finish wall too.
The upper diverter
I have the moen 3330 valve and the plaster plate was not set flush with my marble shower surround. My problem is the installers of marble surround threw away my plaster plate and I have no sure way of knowing the correct placement of valve. I need to know if someone can give some help. I have called moen and they are unable to give me any help. I tried to order face plate but they told me it would at least two weeks before they had any and I really need to get valve set before then if possible. I would appreciate it if someone could give some dimensions or other suggestions.
Last edited by Terry; 03-14-2012 at 09:11 PM.
There is some allowance in the valve. I would try installing your trim and see if it works as is.
Parts breakdown
This picture says thin wall but it gives you an idea of what is projecting from the finish wall too.
The upper diverter
One way would be to install all the trim. Then if you know the composition of the finished wall..., e.g. 1/2 cement board, 1/4" tile, 1/16" mortar...that will take you back to the plane the valve should be mounted at. The plaster ground probably allows 5/8" wiggle room, but we do hear complaints from people if the valve is mounted too far out...they say the handles look funny. Too far IN, the handles will stick
I think you have confused me. IF the marble is already set, then the valve's position should be fixed, and all you have to do is install the trim pieces. In fact, at this point, that may be ALL you can do. If the plaster ground was not flush with the marble, then it could be too shallow or too deep for your trim. If it is too shallow, you are out of luck, if it is too deep, you can get a 1" extension kit.
Licensed residential and commercial plumber
sorry I confused you. i have access from closet. If I had my plaster plate I could unsolder the valve and reposition the valve. my problem is that the company installing marble threw the plaster plate away. I didn't realize until it was too late. I thought maybe some one may be able to give advise on how to reposition the valve without the plaster plate.
Even with the plaster guard, it might not be where you want it. The distance the knobs stick out is much a matter of aesthetics and everyone has a different opinion as to how much is too much.
If you REALLY want the plaster guard, go buy another valve and then return it when you are done.
thank you I may try the aesthetics and then if still not satisfied your idea on buying another valve and then returning the valve is a idea that i've never considered. I'll let you know how things work out. I'm open for any new ideas. Moen
I am working on a job where another company installed the Moen valves then tossed the plaster guards. At that point they were useless anyway, except to make sure the tile company made the holes large enough. When I got there, it looked like they were installed too deep, so I tried the trim on the valves to see if they would fit. Most of them did, but one is marginal so I won't know if I will need an extension until the tile is finished. Install the trim and see if there is a problem.
Licensed residential and commercial plumber
I tried installing the trim and that's when I started looking at the way valve was installed. I couldn't fine trim plate and I called the company who installed marble. I talked to the installer and he informed me he had thrown it away at their shop. The garbage had been picked up the Friday afternoon they finished installation.
Unless you have a thinwall installation, once the valve's position is set, there's no reason to keep the plaster guard.
As already said...if the trim will fit and tighten up, it should be okay (but you may not like the way it looks). If it sits too far into the wall, then you either need to move it forward or buy the extension kit (if one is available for that valve).
Jim DeBruycker
Important note - I'm not a pro
Retired Defense Industry Engineer; Schluter 2.5-day Workshop Completed 2013, 2014
quote; I couldn't fine trim plate and I called the company who installed marble. I talked to the installer and he informed me he had thrown it away at their shop.
The trim plate is the chrome ring. If he threw it away he needs to get you a new one because it is part of the valve and you cannot finish it without the ring. You say you "tried installing the trim". What happened then? Did it, or did it not, fit. If not then I hope it is too deep in the wall so the installer can GIVE you the necessary extensions. If it is too shallow then the valve has to be moved. So far you have NOT told us anything about how the trim fits or if you have it all, so we cannot tell you what, if anything, you have to do.
Last edited by hj; 03-31-2012 at 09:16 AM.
Licensed residential and commercial plumber


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In my new job at VRAC in Iowa State University I am working toward providing John Deere with new ways to display their models in real time and more visually pleasing than their current CAD programs allow.
We are using OpenSG as a framework which is widely used at VRAC. All models are rendered in Fedora Core 4 linux with my GeForce 6600gt in real time. The trick displayed here is to precalculate lighting using estimated ambient occlusion. The theory is that points on objects with more access to the outside world are generally brighter, so in a well lit room, the tip of your nose is brighter than the inside of your ear.
In this implementation I build a KD-tree of all triangles in the scene, then cast random rays for each vertex in the hemisphere in the direction of the vertex normal from a point just barely offset from the vertex. The percentage of rays that do not hit any triangles is the "accessibility" of the vertex and directly translates to the brightness used here. For production uses, this value will be blended with the diffuse lighting and perhaps other forms of lighting.
The top two images are just my test torus and cylinder and you can see that the algorithm has troubles where the shadowing on the end of the sphere looks off because there is no vertex in the center. The availability is calculated in a second or so. The next two images show a pair of free 3DS models available on the net. They are in the realm of 10k triangles and at higher quality estimations can take more than an hour. The production models will have millions of triangles and several levels of detail so clearly further optomization is needed. However, this will be part of a process that can be automated over night so it is not necessary that the calculation be instantaneous.
We are looking into implementing in GLSL an algorithm from Nvidia in GPU Gems which does an approximation in real time in their CG language. We need this CPU implementation because even though it takes time to precalculate, the actual rendering is just as fast as if no lighting calculations have been done at all even on lower end graphics cards.
The biggest point of optomization is going to be the KD-tree node splitting algorithm so that the ray intersect tests go faster.


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As the second-place finisher in Class 3A, Region 5, Piedmont hosts Winfield, the No. 3 team from Region 7, in the opening round of the AHSAA playoffs Friday at 7 p.m. David McKinney is in his first year as head coach at Winfield after spending the previous six seasons at Gordo. The Pirates finished their regular season 6-4.
"They're awfully similar to Glencoe," Piedmont head coach Steve Smith said of Winfield. "Very aggressive, special teams and defense get to the ball really well and offensively they just keep trying to hit you and hit you and hit you with those zone plays until you get out of your running lanes and they're able to cut one back for a big gainer."
Expect to see Winfield run out of a shotgun with one running back with the quarterback in the backfield. The Pirates will send a pair of wide receivers to each side or three wide-outs to one side and one to the other. McKinney very seldom utilizes a tight end.
"They're a spread team but they're looking to do a lot more of the zone and zone keepers and counters," Smith said. "They're not a power running team as far as having a lead blocking back – just a lot of zones, zone cutbacks. Things like that are what they do really well."
Lincoln tried to challenge the Bulldogs through the air. Senior quarterback Chance Byrd was 8-for-23 passing for 102 yards and one touchdown but gave up a whopping four interceptions. The Bulldogs also broke up another eight pass attempts. Safety Dreek Thompson ended Lincoln's second possession with Piedmont's first interception and returned the ball about 50 yards to the Lincoln 14-yard line. Cody Daughtry's pick came on the second play of the second quarter and gave Piedmont's offense a short field from the Lincoln 22.
In the fourth quarter, Bayley Blanchard killed a Lincoln drive that had reached the Piedmont 27 on an interception with 8:39 to play. Austin Brazier got Piedmont's final pick on the last play of the game as Byrd attempted to throw deep toward the Piedmont goal line.
In addition to his interception, Daughtry broke up four passes. Safety Tyler Lusk broke up two throws. Blanchard and Darnell Jackson each broke up one pass.
"Cody's been picked at a little bit this year but I thought he had a really good game. A lot of people don't even go at Darnell. … Darnell's kind of developed a reputation on that side as a lock-down type guy. Tyler and Dreek both do a really good job covering slot receivers and then, when Dreek rolled his ankle, Bayley came in and he had an interception. He's a smart player in pass coverage. We sometimes rotate C.J. (Savage) and Denard (Spears) in there and they're really good man-to-man coveage people. … I thought those guys performed really well the other night," Smith said after Tuesday's practice.
Senior Exavyer Jackson and freshman Taylor Hayes both missed the Weaver game recovering from injuries and returned to action with a vengeance against Lincoln. Hayes caused two fumbles and led the Bulldogs in total tackles with 11, including two Piedmont's six quarterback sacks on the night and one additional tackle behind the line of scrimmage. Jackson had 10 tackles, three of those sacks, and caused a fumble. Tre Reese, also absent for the Weaver game, had eight tackles with two behind the line.
"All three of those guys play with a lot of intensity. It aggravated them to have to miss a game," said Smith. "It didn't really surprise us that they came back and performed at a high level because that's kind of what we expect out of them."
Neonta Alexander had 10 tackles, one a sack, and recovered a fumble. Jaret Prater made seven tackles. Ryan Kirk, Tyler Lucas and Darnell Jackson each had three tackles. Thompson, Daughtry, Blanchard, Lusk, Savage, Jacob Clark, Chase Keener and Dalton Barber had two tackles apiece and Colton Donaldson had one.
"We were able to get good pressure on the quarterback," Smith said. "I think a couple of those interceptions he threw early trying to avoid a sack. I think a couple of the sacks we got were because we continued to pursue him and the secondary had them covered. (Pass rush and secondary coverage) just complimented each other well."
The Bulldogs didn't lack for offense against the Golden Bears. Ty Sparks was 9-for-13 passing for 110 yards with one touchdown and one interception. Lusk was 3-for-3 for 95 yards and two scores. Spears caught three passes for 81 yards. Savage had five receptions for 76 yards. Darnell Jackson's three grabs gained 29 yards. Mitchell Bennefield had one reception for 12 yards and Prater one for five yards.
Piedmont rushed for 161 yards as a team on 38 carries. That total was spread among 14 runners. Sparks led with 47 net yards on five carries. Trevaughn Carpenter ran six times for 24 yards. Thompson had six rushes for 23 yards and Darnell Jackson five for 22 yards. Prater finished with three carries for 17 yards and Spears three for 14 yards.
Piedmont held Lincoln without a first down on the game's opening possession. Following a punt, the Bulldogs drove 67 yards, aided by a roughing the passer penalty. Sparks passed to Savage from eight yards out for the score with 5:05 left in the first quarter. Easton Kirk, 6-for-6 on extra points, made it 7-0.
Thompson's interception with 3:44 to play in the first quarter set Piedmont up at the Lincoln 14 and two runs by Darnell Jackson, the first for six yards and the second for eight, covered the distance in just less than a minute.
Spark's pass intended for Thompson was intercepted at the Lincoln 1 on the first play of the second quarter. After the Bulldogs jumped offside, Lincoln tried to throw downfield but Daughtry made an acrobatic move for an interception at the Lincoln 22. Lusk came into the game at quarterback, rolled right then threw back to Savage in the left flat and Savage didn't stop until he reached the Lincoln end zone.
Trailing 21-0, Lincoln got its best field position of the first half when the Bears' defense held on downs at the Lincoln 45 with about four minutes left in the half. A 24-yard completion from Byrd to tight end Dontavious Johnson got the touchdown with 1:32 on the clock and the extra point by seventh-grader Nicholas Pope completed the first-half scoring.
Darnell Jackson started the second half with a 50-yard kickoff return to the Lincoln 43. Sparks ran for 29 yards on the first play and scored from three yards out on the fourth play of the march.
A fumble ended Lincoln's most serious threat of the second half at the Piedmont 7. Eleven plays later, Prater scored on a 6-yard run with eight seconds left in the third quarter.
Piedmont's final touchdown came on a short throw from Lusk to Spears that Spears turned into a 65-yard touchdown with 7:41 to play. The score was set up by Blanchard's interception.


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